2018年上海市松江区高三一模语文试卷(附答案)

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2018-2019学年上海市松江区高三一模试卷

松江区2018学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷高三数学（满分150分，完卷时间120分钟） 2018.12考生注意：1. 本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分，试卷包括试题与答题要求，所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

2. 答题前，务必在答题纸上填写座位号和姓名。

3. 答题纸与试卷在试题编号上是一一对应的，答题时应特别注意，不能错位。

一、填空题（本大题满分54分）本大题共有12题，第1~6题每个空格填对得4分，第7~12题每个空格填对得5分，否则一律得零分. 1. 设集合{}|1A x x =>，|03x B x x ⎧⎫=<⎨⎬-⎩⎭，则A B = .2. 若复数z 满足()3443i z i -=+，则||z = .3. 已知函数()y f x =的图像与函数()0,1x y a a a =>≠的图像关于直线y x =对称，且点()4,2P 在函数()y f x =的图像上，则实数a = .4. 已知等差数列{}n a 的前10和为30，则14710a a a a +++= .5. 若增广矩阵为1112m m m m +⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭的线性方程组无解，则实数m 的值为 . 6. 已知双曲线标准方程为2213x y -=，则其焦点到渐近线的距离为 .7. 若向量a ，b 满足()7a b b +⋅=，且||3a =，||2b =，则向量a 与b 夹角为 . 8. 在△ABC 中，内角A 、B 、C 所对的边分别是a 、b 、c ，若()226c a b =-+，3C π=。

则△ABC的面积= . 9. 若函数()()|lg 10sin 0|x x f x xx ⎧->⎪=⎨≤⎪⎩，则()y f x =图像上关于原点O 对称的点共有对. 10. 已知A ，B ，C 是单位圆上三个互不相同的点，若||||AB AC =，则AB AC ⋅的最小值是 .11. 已知向量1e ，2e 是平面α内的一组基向量，O 为α内的定点，对于α内任意一点P ，当12OP xe ye =+时，则称有序实数对(),x y 为点P 的广义坐标，若点A 、B 的广义坐标分别为()11,x y 、()22,x y ，对于下列命题：①线段AB 的中点的广义坐标为1212,22x x y y ++⎛⎫⎪⎝⎭； ②A 、B 两点间的距离为()()221212x x y y -+-； ③向量OA 平行于向量OB 的充要条件是1221x y x y =； ④向量OA 垂直于向量OB 的充要条件是12120x x y y +=. 其中的真命题是 .（请写出所有真命题的序号）12. 已知函数()f x 的定义域为R ，且()()1f x f x ⋅-=和()()114f x f x +⋅-=对任意的x R ∈都成立，若当[]0,1x ∈时，()f x 的值域为[]1,2，则当[]100,100x ∈-时，函数()f x 的值域为 . 二、选择题（本大题满分20分）13. 过点()0,1且与直线210x y -+=垂直的直线方程是（）（A ）210x y +-= （B ）210x y ++= （C ）220x y -+= （D ）210x y --= 14. 若0a >，0b >，则x y a b x y a b +>+⎧⎨⋅>⋅⎩是x ay b >⎧⎨>⎩的（）（A ）充分非必要条件（B ）必要非充分条件（C ）充要条件（D ）既非充分又非必要条件15. 将函数()2sin 34f x x π⎛⎫=+ ⎪⎝⎭的图像向下平移1个单位，得到()g x 的图像，若()()129g x g x ⋅=，其中[]12,0,4x x π∈，则12x x 的最大值为（）（A ）9 （B ）375（C ）3 （D ）1 16. 对于平面上一点P 和曲线C ，任取C 上一点Q ，若线段PQ 的长度存在最小值，则称该值为点P 到曲线C 的距离，记作(),d P C ，若曲线C 是边长为6的等边三角形，则点集(){}|,1D P d P C =≤所表示的图形的面积为（）（A ）36 （B ）3633- （C ）36π+ （D ）3633π-+三、解答题（本大题满分76分）本大题共有5题17. （本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分已知向量()3sin ,1a x =，()cos ,1b x =-. （1）若∥a b ，求tan 2x 的值；（2）若()()f x a b b =+⋅，求函数()f x 的最小正周期及当0,2x π⎡⎤∈⎢⎥⎣⎦时的最大值.18. （本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分6分，第2小题满分8分已知函数()221x f x a =-+（常数a R ∈）（1）讨论函数()f x 的奇偶性，并说明理由；（2）当()f x 为奇函数时，若对任意的[]2,3x ∈，都有()2xmf x ≥成立，求m 的最大值.19. （本题满分14分）本题共有2个小题，第1小题满分7分，第2小题满分7分某科技创新公司投资400万元研发了一款网络产品，产品上线第1个月的收入为40万元，预计在今后若干月内，该产品每月的收入平均比上一月增长50%。

2018年上海松江区高三年级一模试题(附答案)

2018年松江区高三一模语文试题一积累应用 10分1.按要求填空。

（5分）（1）三山半落青天外，。

（李白《登金陵凤凰台》）（2）“，则知明而行无过矣”一句出自荀子的《》。

（3）王国维《人间词话》中评周邦彦词句“，”曰：“此真能得荷之神理者，觉白石《念奴娇》《惜红衣》二词，犹有隔雾看花之恨”。

2.按要求选择。

（5分）（1）重阳节小明赏菊拍了很多照片，你提供一些句子给他，作为他的照片的配诗，以下句子不适合提供的一项是（）。

（2分）A.尘世难逢开口笑，菊花须插满头归。

B.轻肌弱骨散幽葩，更将金蕊泛流霞C.浅红淡白间深黄，簇簇新妆阵阵香。

D.蒂有余香金淡泊，枝无全叶翠离披（2）填入下面语段空白处的词句，最恰当的一项是（）（3分）科学可以产生文明，文明可以产生缺陷，缺陷可以产生科学。

如果缩短些说：缺陷是科学的种子，科学是缺陷的化身。

因此，我们可以知道，因此，我们更可以知道。

A.缺陷的价值，科学的来源B.缺陷的作用，科学的价值C.科学的来源，缺陷的价值D.科学的价值，缺陷的作用二阅读 70分（一）阅读下文，完成第3-7题。

（15分）数学与文化齐民友①与一般观念不同，数学，其实也是文化的一部分。

而且，数学和任何其他学科不同，数学是任何科学所不可或缺的。

没有任何一门科学能像它那样泽被天下，它是现代科学技术的语言和工具。

现代科学之所以成为现代科学，第一个决定性的步骤是使自己数学化。

为什么会这样？因为数学在人类理性思维活动中有一些特点，这些特点的形成离不开各个时代的总的文化背景，同时又是数学影响人类文化最突出之点。

②数学追求一种完全确定、完全可靠的知识。

在这本小书里可以看到许多被吸引到数学中来的人正是因为数学有这样的特点。

例如说，欧几里得平面上的三角形内角和为180°，这绝不是说“在某种条件下”，“绝大部分”三角形的内角和“在某种误差范围内”为180°，而是在命题的规定范围内，一切三角形的内角和不多不少为180°。

上海松江高三语文第一学期考试及答案

2018学年上海松江第一学期期末质量监控试卷高三语文（满分150分，完卷时间150分钟）一积累应用10分1.按要求填空。

（5分）（1），此心吾与白鸥盟。

黄庭坚《登快阁》（2）落花水香茅舍晚，。

（马致远《【】寿阳曲·远浦帆归》（3）《师说》中写士大夫之族以地位官职为借口，拒绝从师学习的语句是，。

2.按要求选择。

（5分）（1）下列选项中，语句使用不恰当的一项是（）（2分）A.小王学花样滑冰十年终获大奖，同伴称道:“宝剑锋从磨砺出，梅花香自苦寒来。

”B.小明被评为“孝心少年”，颁奖词中写道:“落红不是无情物，化作春泥更护花。

”C.新兵招募宣传文案中用“慷慨自古英雄色，甘洒热血写青春”来号召青年参军。

D.小马荣获“最佳辩手”，颁奖词中写道:“口若悬河，能言善辩”赞其出色辩才。

（2）将下列编号的语句依次填入语段空白处，语意连贯的一项是（）（3分）汉文化所以不同于其他民族的文化，，，，，孔子在塑造中国民族性格和文化——心理结构上的历史地位，已是一种难以否定的客观事实。

A.④①②③B.①②④③C.②①④③D.②③④①①不管是好是坏，是批判还是继承②中国人所以不同于外国人③中华艺术所以不同于其他艺术④其思想来由仍应追溯到先秦孔学二阅读70分（一）阅读下文，完成第3-7题。

（16分）社会科学何以洞察人性熊易寒①既然社会科学是关于人的科学，那么对于人性的判断就是社会科学研究必须直面的根本性问题。

②人类学、历史学等人文学科一般通过丰富细腻的个案呈现人性的复杂性和内在矛盾，而文学艺术通过虚构和艺术加工将人类置于两难境地，借助灵与欲、善与恶的冲突来展现人性的伟大与卑微。

③不同于人文学科和文学艺术，社会科学以简洁为美，崇尚简化的逻辑，为了逻辑的周严和推理的方便，社会科学通常会将人性简化为经济理性，假定人类行为的核心是利益最大化；出于价值中立的原则，社会科学研究者总是极力避免对研究对象进行道德评判，经济理性作为“超善恶”的禀赋被学术界广泛接受。

2018年上海市各区高三一模语文试卷汇编(积累运用)

2018年上海市各区高三一模语文试卷汇编——积累应用【奉贤区】1. 按要求填空（5 分）（1）蟹六跪而二螯，____________________，用心躁也。

（荀子《劝学》）（2）夕阳下，_____________ ，两三行未曾着岸。

（_______ 《双调.寿阳曲.远浦帆归》）（3）李商隐《夜雨寄北》中“__________________，_________________ ”两句，为“所有的苦，以后都会笑着说出来”这句“心灵鸡汤”作了生动的诠释。

2.下列文句所描写的景色，依一年时序的先后，排列正确的一项是：（）（2 分）甲．梅英疏淡，冰澌溶泄，东风暗换年华乙．菡萏香销翠叶残，西风愁起绿波丙．绿槐高柳咽新蝉，薰风初入弦丁．朔风如解意，容易莫摧残A.甲乙丙丁B.甲丙乙丁C.丙甲乙丁D.丙丁乙甲3.习总书记《切实把思想统一到党的十八届三中全会精神上来》—文引用“大鹏之动，非—羽之轻也；骐骥之速，非一足之力也”，下列文句与其意不符的一项是（）（3 分）A.万人操弓，共射一招，招无不中 B.水所以载舟，亦所以覆舟C.民为邦本，本固邦宁D.善治必达情，达情必近人【答案】1.(5 分)非蛇蟮之穴无可寄托者；酒旆闲，马致远；何当共剪西窗烛，却话巴山夜雨时。

2.(2 分)B3.(3 分)D【静安区】1．按要求填空。

（5分）(1)忽魂悸以魄动，恍惊起而长嗟。

，失向来之烟霞。

（李白《》）(2) ，望故乡渺邈，归思难收。

（柳永《八声甘州》）(3)西汉时的冯唐出仕时已年过古稀，后世遂常用冯唐来形容“有志难伸”，如：左思《咏史》“冯公岂不伟，白首不见招”；王勃《滕王阁序》“冯唐易老，李广难封”；苏轼《江城子·密州出猎》“，”等。

2．按要求选择。

（5分）（1）在国外访学的赵教授想用古诗表达对妻子的思念，以下诗句最合适的一项是( )。

（2分）A．遥怜小儿女，未解忆长安。

（杜甫《月夜》）B．何当共剪西窗烛，却话巴山夜雨时。

上海市松江区2018届高三上学期期末质量监控语文试卷(附答案)

上海市松江区2018届高三上学期期末质量监控语文（满分150分，完卷时间150分钟）一积累运用10分1.按要求填空。

（5分）（1）三山半落青天外，。

（李白《登金陵凤凰台》）（2）“，则知明而行无过矣”一句出自荀子的《》。

（3）王国维《人间词话》中评周邦彦词句“，”曰：“真能得荷之神理者，觉白石《念奴娇》《惜红衣》二词，犹有隔雾看花之恨”。

2. 按要求选择。

（5分）（1）重阳节小明赏菊拍了很多照片，你提供一些句子给他，作为他照片的配诗，以下句子不适合提供的一项是（）。

（2分）A.尘世难逢开口笑，菊花须插满头归。

B.轻肌弱骨散幽葩，更将金蕊泛留下C.浅红淡白间深黄，簇簇新妆阵阵香。

D.蒂有余香金淡泊，枝无全叶翠离枝（2）填入下面空白处的词句，最恰当的一项是（）（3分）科学可以产生文明，文明可以产生缺陷，缺陷可以产生科学。

如果缩短些说：缺陷是科学的种子，科学是缺陷的化身。

因此，我们可以知道，因此，我们更可以知道。

A.缺陷的价值，科学的来源B.缺陷的作用，科学的价值C.科学的来源，缺陷的价值D.科学的价值，缺陷的作用二阅读 70分（一）阅读下文，完成第3-7题。

（15分）①与一般观念不同，数学，其实也是文化的一部分。

而且，数学和任何其他学科不同，数学是任何科学所不可或缺的。

没有任何一门科学能像它那样泽被天下，它是现代科学技术的语言和工具。

现代科学之所以成为现代科学，第一个决定性的步骤是使自己数学化。

②数学追求一种完全确定、完全可靠的知识。

在这本小书里可以看到许多被吸引到数学中来的人正是因为数学有这样的特点。

松江区高三语文第一次适应性考试卷

松江区高三语文第一次适应性考试卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、现代文阅读（36分） (共3题；共36分)1. （9分） (2017高二上·河北开学考) 阅读下面的文字，完成下列小题。

文学经典是读者认知需要的代表，那么读者究竟为什么需要文学经典呢？首先，文学经典是人认识自身和自身处境的最好方式。

文学经典作为超越世界的世界，超越生活的生活，将会以其仿佛完整的人生模式，给读者提供处境性和体验性的审视空间，来思考自己所遭遇的问题。

文学之所以是人认识自身和自身处境的最好方式，是因为文学是一个形象的世界，而不是抽象的命题，是给读者提供一种想象性的人生情境，让读者去自我经历、自我体验、自我提升，并在此过程中使人实现了人的独特属性。

这是人的一种深沉的自我实现，其审美愉悦当是不言自明的。

其次，文学经典能够帮助读者实现对世界的自由支配感。

人在文学中所获得的审美愉悦，不仅仅来自对自我认识的把握，还表现在对自我实现的关怀，通过精神阅历实现对世界的介入并从中获得某种支配感。

读者在文学经典中徜徉，必然伴随的是艺术沉思。

这就是说，审美沉思能够通过我们的想象介入生活，而这种介入实际上是自由地控制或支配生活，这时，我们的精神欲求会得到“绝对的满足”。

为此，H·帕克区别了同样面对生活时人们的两种不同态度，他说：“对于精通世故和自我中心的人来说，生治只是在包含骄傲、野心或激情的时候，才是有趣的。

但是，对于有宗教意识的人和有审美意识的人来说，生活的任何部分都是有趣的。

”这里的意思很明确，如果我们不是以审美沉思的态度对待生活，我们就会觉得生活有时是桎梏，如果我们以审美沉思的态度面对生活，生法的全部就都是有趣的，就能够允许我们借助自由的想象来参与和支配，能够让我们的各种感情得到宣泄和陶冶．第三，文学经典是迷惘者必要的向导。

读者在阅读活动中通过艺术沉思所实现的自由支配感既是学习和领悟的结果，同时自由支配感溢出的过程就是学习的过程，人的本质表现为某种不断生成的过程。

2018年上海高三一模语文汇编--文言文阅读(二)

2018年高三一模语文汇编—文言文阅读（二）【长宁嘉定】治生说（清）汪琬①治生之家，未有急于治田亩者也。

劳劳然春而播之，夏而耕之，秋而获之。

惟其家有积谷，然后可以贸易百物。

于是金玉锦绣之货，饮食器用之需，旁及于图书、彝鼎、稀有难得之玩，皆可不劳而坐致之，故擅富名于天下。

不幸而有不肖者出，厌其耕获之勤以费也，遂尽斥其田亩以委之于人，虽然有所蓄，已不足以给朝夕而谋衣食矣，况望其致富哉?②为学亦然。

举凡诗书、六艺、诸子百家，吾所资以为文者，亦如富家之有田亩也，故必惫精竭神以耕且获于其中。

惟其取之也多，养之也熟，则有渐摩①之益，而无剽贼②之疵；有心手相应之能，而无首尾舛互之病；浩乎若御风而行，沛乎若决百川四渎而东注。

其见于文者如此，则亦庶几乎其可也。

彼不能力求乎古人而思欲苟营而捷得之，于是取之者少，则剽贼之疵见；而养之者疏，则舛互之病生。

以此夸耀于人，与不肖子之弃田亩何以异哉?③《记》曰“无剿说③，无雷同。

”必则④古昔，称先王。

今之学者，可谓剿说矣，雷同矣！骤而告之□古昔、先王，不将骇然而疑，哗然而笑，群以为愚且迂者乎？嗟乎！使吾之说而不愚不迂，又何以自异于今之学者？故书此以自勉。

[注]①渐摩：渐仁摩义，即以仁惠浸润着，以节义砥砺着。

②剽贼：窃取别人的陈言。

③剿说：窃取别人的言论而为己说。

④则：效法。

21.可填入第③段方框处的虚词是（）（1分）A.以B.乃C.其D.于22.对第①段理解正确的一项是（）（2分）A.提出治生不能急于治田亩的观点，列举生活常识，从正反两方面来阐述。

B.提出治生不能急于治田亩的观点，从耕种之劳和收获之大两方面来阐述。

C.提出治生要以田亩为本的观点，以治田亩者轻松贸易百货的事实来阐述。

D.提出治生要以田亩为本的观点，以百货所得都必源于田亩的事实来阐述。

23.对第②段画线句理解正确的一项是（）（3分）A.为学不能只是学习古人而忽视自己的能力。

B.为学如果不随意地经营就能很快地有收获。

松江区2017-2018学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷高三语文试题(附答案)

松江区2017学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷高三语文（满分150分，时间150分钟） 2017.12一积累运用 10分1.按要求填空（5分）（1）三山半落青天外，____________________。

（李白《登金陵凤凰台》）（2）“____________________，则知明而行无过矣”一句出自荀子的《____________________》。

（3）王国维《人间词话》中评周邦彦词句“____________________，____________________”曰：“此真能得荷之神理者，觉白石《念奴娇》《惜红衣》二词，犹有隔雾看花之恨。

”2.按要求选择。

（5分）（1）重阳节时小明赏菊拍了很多照片，你要提供一些句子给他，作为他的照片的配诗，以下句子不适合提供的一项是（）。

（2分）A.尘世难逢开口笑，菊花须插满头归B.轻击弱骨散幽葩，更将金蕊泛流霞C.浅红淡白间深黄，簇簇新妆阵阵香D.蒂有余香金淡泊，枝无全叶翠离披（2）填入下面语段空白处的词句，最恰当的一项是（）。

（3分）科学产生文明，文明可以产生缺陷，缺陷可以产生科学。

如果缩短些说：缺陷是科学的种子，科学是缺陷的化身。

因此，我们可以知道___________，因此，我们更可以知道_________。

A.缺陷的价值，科学的来源B.缺陷的作用，科学的价值C.科学的来源，缺陷的价值D.科学的价值，缺陷的作用二阅读 70分（一）阅读下文，完成第3-7题。

（15分）①与一般观念不同，数学，其实也是文化的一部分。

而且，数学和任何其他学科不同，数学几乎是任何科学所不可或缺的。

没有任何一门科学能像它那样泽被天下。

它是现代科学技术的语言和工具。

现代科学之成为现代科学，第一个决定性的步骤是使自己数学化。

②数学追求一种完全确定、完全可靠的知识。

2018年上海高三一模语文汇编--现代文阅读(一)

2018年高三一模语文汇编—现代文阅读（一）【长宁嘉定】剧作家与戏剧性①一出戏演完了，当你随着人流涌出剧场的时候，常常听到这样的议论声：“不错，真有戏！”或者是：“我都要睡着了，没戏！”“有戏”或“没戏”是观众评价一出戏的常用标准。

可是，究竟什么是“戏”呢？我们通常所说的“戏剧性”究竟涉及一些什么问题？剧作者该如何对待“戏剧性”呢？②美国戏剧理论家贝克曾经对“戏剧性”一词进行了探讨，他说：“在日常用语中，‘戏剧性的’这个词的意思有三个：（1）戏剧的材料；（2）能产生感情反应的；（3）在剧场条件下完全可以上演的……只有第一、二两个定义才合乎‘戏剧性’，而第三个则应该是‘剧场性’。

同时，第一个定义太抽象，可以不用。

那么‘戏剧性的’就只专用于‘能产生感情反应’，那么各种混淆也就一扫而清了。

”可是，如果我们认真探讨这个结论，就会由此生发出一系列新的问题：剧作家究竟靠什么“产生感情反应”？为了得到观众的“感情反应”，剧作家应该注意哪些问题呢？剧作家同小说家、抒情诗人都要使读者、观众“产生感情反应”，他们的工作又有什么区别呢？③英国的威廉•阿契尔在《剧作法》一书中指出：“关于戏剧性的唯一真正确切的定义是：任何能够使聚集在剧场中的普通观众感到兴趣的虚构人物的表演。

”他认为：“任何进一步限制‘戏剧性’一词含义的企图，都只不过是表现了这样一种看法——某些表演形式将不会使观众感到兴趣，而这种看法常常会被实践所否定。

”如果我们正视创作实践存在的复杂情况，就不能不承认阿契尔这种看法的合理性。

假如有人认为一个剧本的某种处理方式是具有戏剧性的，就匆忙做出结论：不这样处理就不会产生戏剧性。

这种论断，十有八九要被新的创作实践所推翻。

④由此可见，对“戏剧性”一词下的定义大都过于笼统；再进一步限制这个词的含义，又难免失于武断。

我们的剧作家们在这里遇到了困难。

尽管如此，人们却在广泛地使用这个概念。

在生活中发生了一件事，它充满了巧合，出人意料，就会有人说：“这真是戏剧性的！”人们在街头观看一场争吵，有人逐渐失去了兴味，又会说：“走吧，没戏了！”甚至人们在读小说、看电影时，如果感到枯燥无味，也会失望地说：“没戏！”至于在文学评论、电影评论中使用“戏剧性”这一概念，把它作为评价作品的标准，更是不乏其例。

上海2018年高三一模11选10汇总

The human face is a remarkable piece of work. The astonishing variety of facial (1) _________ helps people recognize each other and is crucial to the formation of complex societies. So is the face's ability to send emotional (2) _________, whether through a(n) (3) _________ blush or a false smile. People spend much of their waking lives, in the office and the courtroom as well as the bar and the bedroom, reading faces, for signs of attraction, hostility and trust.Technology is rapidly catching up with the human ability to read faces. In America facial ecognition is used by churches to (4) _________ worshippers' attendance: in Britain, by retailers to spot past shoplifters. This year Welsh police used it to arrest a(n) (5) _________ outside a football game. In China it verifies the identities of ride-hailing drivers, (6) _________ tourists to enter attractions and lets people pay for things with a smile. Apple's new iPhone is expected to use it to (7) _________ the homescreen.Set against human skills, such applications might seem gradual. Some breakthroughs. such as flight or the Internet, obviously transform human abilities; facial recognition seems merely to encode them. Although faces are (8) _________ to individuals, they are also public, so technology does not, at first sight, intrude on something that is private. And yet the ability to record, (9)_________ and analyze images of faces cheaply, quickly and on a vast (10)_________ promises one day to bring about fundamental changes to notions of privacy, fairness and trust.The Black Swan, a rural pub in England has been named "the world's best restaurant" by TripAdvisor. After scoring up positive feedback, the review website (1) _________ the pub over fine dining establishments from New York to Paris in its (2) _________ Travelers' Choice awardsSo what's it got going for it?Firstly, this is isn't some backwater pub enjoying in insignificance. Tommy Banks, a(n) (3) _________ young cook, is already a TV regular in the UK and has had a Michelin star to his name since becoming the youngest receiver ever in 2013 at the age of 24. Secondly, it’s not really a pub any more. Like many rural UK pubs, the Black Swan had been in (4) _________ for many years before 2006, when Banks' family took over. After their attempts to run it as a pub struggled, they decided to make it a dining (5) _________.It now operates as both restaurant and fashionable (6) _________, offering food-and-stay packages that help draw customers to its truly (7) _________ location. It's usually booked up well in advance with (8) _________ coming from near and far. During CNN's visit, neighboring tables included a couple on an overnight break from their kids. Another (9) _________ two of the Banks brothers' old school teachers, on a trip up from York---(10) _________ the kind of crowd that have helped lift the Black Swan to TripAdvisor gloryExperts agree that it is becoming a growing trend that more and more consumers across the country are using cashless payment methods.In fact, as early as 1988. the State Council released (1) _________ to encourage bank transfers and to reduce using cash during economic activities. Today, the move toward a cashless society could “reduce the risks of using cash, save on costs and as a matter of convenience, prevent (2) _________ activities such as money laundering(洗钱). Dong Ximiao, a research fellow at Chongyang Institute for Financial Studies at the Renmin University of China, told the Global Times.But China is not the first country to seek a cashless society. Developed states like Sweden. Denmark and Singapore are also (3) _________ the increase of cashless payment. The rapid development does not mean there are no challenges and (4) _________.Alibaba’s Hema store, where customers can shop, dine and order goods for delivery from their mobile phones, have come into the spotlight recently. Media reports said that consumers can't purchase goods with cash there, which would be considered illegal. A Hema PR representative told the Global Times that all 13 Hema stores in the country do in fact allow consumers to pay in cash. She noted that Hema store simply (5) _________ consumers to pay via Alipay for convenience purposes.Alipay and WeChat Pay, the nation's two major third-party mobile payment tools, also (6) _________campaigns this month to encourage more merchants and customers to use cashless payment methods. Both called for the establishment of a "cashless society" which caused (7) _________ over whether cash will soon disappear. Dong (8) _________that a cashless society would not mean that cash would completely disappear. "As the economy grows, the (9) _________ of cash is still very huge,” noted Dong.Also, it's important to remember that nearly half of China's population lives in rural areas, especially in undeveloped western regions, and therefore is not able to enjoy (10) _________ brought by the Internet,” Dong said. "And when it comes to China's senior citizens, most of them prefer to use cash in their daily life,” he added.We are each responsible for our own decisions, even if the decision-making process has been cut down by stress or peer pressure. The real test of character is whether we can learn from our (1) _________, by understanding why we acted as we did, and then exploring ways to avoid (2) _________ problems in the futureMaking ethical (伦理的) decisions is a(n) (3) _________ part of avoiding future problems. We must learn to recognize risks, because if we can't see the risks we’re taking, we can't make responsible choices. To (4) _________ risks, we need to know the rules and be aware of the facts. For example, one who doesn't know the rules about plagiarism (剽窃) may accidentally use words or ideas without giving proper credit or one who fails to keep careful research notes may unintentionally fail to quote and cite sources as (5) _________. But the fact that such a violation is "unintentional" does not excuse the misconduct. Ignorance is not a (6) _________.Most people who get in trouble do know the rules and facts, but manage to fool themselves about the risks they're taking by using excuses: "Everyone else does it. ""I’m not hurting anyone, or "I really need this grade." Excuses can get very complex: "I know I'm looking at another's exam, even though l'm supposed to keep my eyes on my own paper, but that's not (7) _________ because I'm just checking my answers, not copying." We must be honest about our actions, and (8) _________ excuses. If we fool ourselves into (9) _________ we're not doing anything wrong, we can't see the real choice we’re making---and that leads to bad decisions.To avoid fooling yourself, watch out for excuses and try this test: Ask how you would feel if your actions were public, and anyone could be watching over your shoulder. Would you feel proud or (10) _________of your actions? If you'd rather hide your actions, that's a good indication that you’re taking a risk and rationalizing it to yourselfScientists have developed a new surgical glue that could transform emergency treatments by sealing up critical wounds in the skin or the organs, without the need for staples or sutures (钉合或缝合).It's called MeTro. It was developed by researchers from both Harvard Medical School and the University of Sydney, led by Nasim Annabi, an assistant professor of chemical (1) _________. The glue is made from a modified (改良的) human protein that responds to UV light, allowing the application and drying of the gel- like substance in just a minute.According to the international team of researchers behind the glue, it could quite literally be a lifesaver, sealing up wounds in 60 seconds without stopping the natural (2) _________ and relaxing of the organ or the skin it's applied to. Wounds (3) __________ with MeTro can heal up in half the time compared with stitches or staples, the researchers claim, and if surgery is required then MeTro can simplify that (4) _________ too. It's also one of several ways researchers are exploring to engineer our body's own natural substances to help repair it when needed.The (5) _________applications are powerful--- from treating serious (6) _________ wounds at emergency sites such as following car accidents and in war zones, as well as improving hospital surgeries.MeTro is simple to apply, can be easily stored, and works closely with natural (7) _________ to heal a wound. What's more, it degrades without leaving any kind of poisonous leftovers in the body.For now the trials are (8) _________ to animal models. But human trials are in the works, and the results to date are incredibly (9) _________. If the MeTro can be further developed into a (10) _________product, it could become an essential part of a first responder's toolkit.The din (喧嚣) of a loud restaurant or party can make conversation difficult for anyone---but for the elderly, these settings can make it nearly impossible. The mechanics of hearing (1) _________ with age, but the latest research focuses on another part of the problem---the slower (2) _________ speed of aging brains, which have to work harder to translate sound into intelligible (可理解的) language.Research shows that musicians are better able to pick out speech from surrounding noise as they age compared to non-musicians. And a new study of auditory training with a (3) _________ available brain training program suggests that most people who are hard of hearing can develop the same skills. The scientists showed that people trained for 40 hours over 8 weeks with Posit Science's "Brain Fitness" were able to pick out 41% more words from background noise compared to those who watched educational DVDs and were quizzed on their (4) _________ after the same amount of time. The authors received no funding from the makers of the program: the study was (5) _________ by the National Institutes of Health.The research included 67 older adults between 55 and 70, with an average age of 63. The auditory training came in the form of (6) _________ hearing tasks that primed the participants to hear better by requiring them to identify various speech sounds and (7) _________ between similar sounding syllables (音节), for example, as well as repeating back words and remembering stories.Both those who received the training and those who watched the DVDs were tested on short term memory, brain processing speed and the ability to hear speech in noisy settings. All of the participants showed improvement in these three (8) _________, but for the first time, the scientists also documented that the sharper hearing was (9) _________ by earlier signaling in the brainstem.As the authors write in their paper, the training not only improved the ability to decode speech in noisy situations, but also sped up the brain’s ability to (10) _________to the sound---bringing it to more “youthful” levels.7. 长宁/嘉定高三一模卷（2018）What is leadership? Its qualities are difficult to define, but they are not so difficult to identify. Leaders don’t force other people to go along with them. They bring them along. Leaders get trust from others by giving it themselves, by building an environment that (1) _________ creativity, and by operating with honesty and fairness.Good leaders don’t work alone. They recognize that an organization’s strategies for success require the (2) _________ talents and efforts of members. Leadership is the catalyst (催化剂) for transforming those talents into (3) _________.Successful leaders are emotionally and intellectually looking into the future not stuck in the past. They have a(an) (4) _________ to take responsibility and to innovate. They are not (5) _________ with merely taking care of what has already been there. They want to move forward to create something new.Leaders provide answers as well as direction, offer strength as well as devotion, and speak from experience as well as (6) _________ of the problems they face and the people they work with.Leaders are (7) _________ rather than absolute. They believe in unity rather than yielding. And they strive to achieve agreements out of conflict.Leadership is all about getting people (8) _________ to give their best, helping them to grow to their fullest potential, and motivating them to work toward a common good. Leaders make the right things happen when they’re (9) _________ to.A good leader, an effective leader, is one who has respect. Respect is something you have to have in order to receive. A leader who has respect for other people at all levels of an organization, for the work they do and for their abilities, desires and needs, will find that respect is (10) _________. And all concerned will be motivated to work together.A large-scale cultural exploration program National Treasure《国家宝藏》made its first show on CCTV on Sunday night. In the first episode, the Palace Museum in Beijing showcased three treasures.As a (1) _________ variety show, the National Treasure aims to showcase the background stories of national treasures and (2) _________ various art forms. In the show, "national treasure keepers ” acted by famous and common people will present treasures, telling their stories with the collections and interpreting the historical (3) _________. The show aims to inspire the ancient Chinese civilization and make the national treasures "come alive”.This is not the first time for the Palace Museum in Beijing to be (4) _________ welcomed online in China, thanks to its efforts in cultural products and self-promotion in recent years.Last year, the museum (5) _________ so much attention because of the huge success of the three-episode TV documentary, Masters in the Forbidden City and a movie with the same name. Over the last few years, the museum has (6) _________ 495 signposts and 1400 new chairs have been provided. In addition, the Palace Museum opened a (an) (7) _________ online store on e-commerce platform Taobao, selling related products. It also started their self-promotion through new media, publishing articles to promote the culture of the museum. It (8) _________ swept the Internet by its humorous style and interesting content. At the same time, the Palace Museum has published several mobile apps, one of which saw over 200,000 downloads just two weeks after its (9) _________ in 2013. Its self-promotion has achieved great results. In 2012, the museum saw 15 million visitors. And it received 16 million visitors last year.The museum is also a popular (10) _________ among foreign leaders. For example, US President Donald Trump and his wife visited the Palace Museum on Nov 8.How to Stick to Good Habits by Using the "2-Minute Rule"Most of the tasks that you procrastinate on (that is to say, you postpone doing what you should be doing.) aren't actually difficult to do --- you have the talent and skills to (1) _________ them---you just avoid starting them for one reason or another. The 2-Minute Rule (2) _________ procrastination and laziness by making it so easy to start taking action that you can't say no. It might sound like this strategy is too basic for your (3) _________ life goals, but I beg to differ. It works for any goal because of one simple reason: the (4) _________ of real life.As Sir Isaac Newton taught us a long time ago, objects at rest tend to stay at rest and objects in motion tend to stay in motion. This is just as true for humans as it is for falling apples. Once you start doing something, it's easier to (5) _________doing it. I love the 2-Minute Rule because it takes up the idea that all sorts of good things happen once you get started.The most important part of any new habit is getting started- not just the first time, but each time. It's not about performance, it's about (6) _________ taking action. In many ways, getting started is more important than succeeding. This is (7) _________ true in the beginning because there will be plenty of time to improve your performance later on. The 2-Minute Rule isn't about the results you achieve, but rather about the (8) _________ of actually doing the work. I can't guarantee whether or not the 2-Minute Rule will work for you. But, I can guarantee that it will never work if you never try it.The problem with most articles you read, podcasts you listen to, or videos you watch is that you (9) _________ the information but never put it into practice. I want this article to be different. I want you to actually use this information, right now. What’s something you can do that will take you less than two minutes? Do it right now. Anyone can (10) _________ the next 120 seconds. Use this time to get one thing done. Go.Company Builds World' s First Automobile Vending Machine(自动贩卖机) Thanks to used-car website Carvana, it is now possible to buy your own set of wheels at the touch of a button, from the world's first and only coin-operated car vending machine in Nashville. Tennessee. It's quick, easy, and not cheap, but cheaper than buying a car the old way.The company has been working on the concept for the past two years. Their (1) _________ car vending machine was installed in Atlanta in 2013. But they’ve spent time improving the design, in order to take user experience to the next level. "Our new Vending Machine is a state-of-the-art, multi- story structure that delivers our customers' cars by merely (2) _________ a special coin,” said Carvana CEO Ernie Garcia.The machine consists of a five-story glass tower that can hold up to 20 cars at a time. The tower basically serves as a(n) (3) _________ point for used cars that customers purchase through the website, enabling (4) _________ pricing and eliminating delivery costs.Customers can access a long list of specifications, ratings, reviews, and lots of other details about the cars they’re interested in on the Carvana website. They even get (5) _________ tours that point out every scratch on the body of the car. Once the car is chosen and paid for, the company usually delivers the car to the customer for a seven-day trial period. This usually means the delivery costs are worked into the (6) _________ of the vehicle.But with the Vending Machine, customers are able to go to pick up their cars straight away. It’s a win-win (7) _________ that allows Carvana to cut down on staff and overhead(间接费用), and save customers about $2.000 as well. According to the company, it also makes for a great (8) _________experience --- placing an oversized coin in a slot (硬币投币口) and watching their car roll down automatically.Carvana's (9) _________ is to create a better way to buy a car, and this new Vending Machine will be a one-of-a-kind experience, (10) _________ just how simple and easy we’ve made it to buy a car online,” Garcia said. He added the company plans to build more car vending machines in the future.The discovery builds on earlier findings showed that a class of genes called splicing (胶接) factors is progressively switched off as we age. The research team found that splicing factors can be switched back on with chemicals, making aging cells not only look (1) _________ younger, but start to divide like young cells.The researchers applied compounds chemicals based on a (2) _________ naturally found in red wine, dark chocolate, red grapes and blueberries, to cells in culture. The chemicals (3) _________ splicing factors, which are progressively switched off as we age to be switched back on. Within hours, the cells looked younger and started to behave like young cells.The discovery has the (4) _________ to lead to therapies which could help people age better, without experiencing some of the backward effects of getting old. Most people by the age of 85 have experienced some kind of constant illness, and as people get older they are more likely to suffer from heart disease and cancerProfessor Harries said: "This is a first step in trying to make people live (5) _________ lifetime, but with health for their entire life. Our data suggests that using chemicals to switch back on the major class of genes that are switched off as we age might provide a means to (6) _________ function to old cells.”Dr. Eva Latorre, Research Associate at the University of Exeter, who carried out the experiments, was surprised by the (7) _________ and rapidity of the changes in the cells."When I saw some of the cells in the culture dish (8) _________ I couldn't believe it. These old cells were looking like young cells. It was like magic." she said. "I repeated the experiments several times and in each case the cells refreshed. I am very excited by the implications and potential for this research.As we age, our tissues gather aging cells which are alive but do not grow or (9) _________ as they should. These old cells lose the ability to correctly regulate the output of their genes. This is one reason why tissues and organs become exposed to disease as we age. When stimulated, genes make a message that gives the (10) _________ for the cell to behave in a certain way. Most genes can make more than one message, which determines how the cell acts.Splicing factors are crucial in ensuring that genes can perform their full range of functions.There's nothing more annoy ing than settling down to sleep and hearing the sound of a mosquito buzzing around you.The only thought most of us ever give to this noise is "I need to get rid of this insect immediately", but it turns out that the mosquito is actually quite a(n) (1) _________creature.A team of scientists from Oxford University in the UK, in (2) _________ with the Royal Veterinary College in London and Chiba University in Japan, recently published a study that found some interesting facts about the world's most (3) _________insect.By placing eight cameras inside a tiny film studio, the scientists could study several mosquitoes up close. The high-tech cameras filmed the insects at 1000 frames per second, meaning the scientists were able to study the insects (4) _________in never-before-seen detail. However, it wasn’t always straightforward.“Recording mosquitoes during free-flight represented a huge technical challenge due to their small size, (5) _________wing-beat frequency, and the presence of large antennae and legs that can (6) _________ the view of their wings, " Simon Walker of Oxford University, co-author of the study, wrote.Published in the journal Nature, the study found that mosquitoes flap their wings around 800 times a second. As a(n) (7) _________, house flies flap their wings about 200 times a second, and hummingbirds 50 times a second.Richard Bomphrey of the royal Veterinary College, the study's leader, believes that mosquitoes have a unique flying method that sets them apart from other flying insects."We predicted they must make use of clever tricks, as the wings (8) _________ their direction at the end of each half-stroke, "he wrote in the study.Hopefully, the discovery of the mosquito's special abilities will be of benefit to engineers in the future. The findings could lead to better aircraft, or even improvements to tools like lenses or pumps.But the scientists hope their study can one day be (9) _________ to new developments in more human-focused use. “The more we know about mosquitoes, the better our chance of understanding their fight behavior, how they carry disease and (10) _________how to stop them from doing so,” Walker wrote.How many times have parents had to argue with their young son or daughter about getting their face out of their phone and focusing on the world around them? It’s completely normal for parents of growing children to be concerned about their child's safety, but is their (1) _________ to social media really harming them?Social media was created to connect people with others online and has recently been added to smartphones, making it far more accessible than it (2) _________ was. This new way to easily be able to use social media has encouraged children and teens to begin to use sites such as Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram frequently. Maturing teens and children are usually very timid when it comes to (3) _________ with their families, which they sometimes view as “annoying”. So, what do these kids use as a solution or a(n) "(4) _________” ? The answer is simple: social media.However, when we use social media for a large amount of time, parents tend to show concern for their child and blame social media for (5) _________ their attention.The word, "social" was entered into the term, social media, for a reason. Parents of growing teens don't seem to understand that. When they see their child using Twitter or Instagram they think that they are using it to get away from real world (6) _________. The truth, however, is that they are using it to connect with their close friends, make new friends, and receive information about what is currently happening in the modern world.Children and teens are (7) ________accused for using social media only for entertainment purposes and for huge amounts of time. Sure everyone who uses social media enjoys< contacting their friends and viewing entertaining things, but how come children receive all of the (8) _________for abusing it? Parents should really think about how social media can help children and teens learn and grow in the real world rather than it just being another (9) _________.Social media as a whole has both positive and negative aspects, but after all of the (10) _________ from pre-teens, teens, and parents is put together, it shows that media is actually helping the newer generations in their lives.Puppy Dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of HumansDogs make puppy dog Eyes Are for the Benefits of Humans and rarely use the pleasing facial expression when on their own, a new study has shown.It has long been assumed that animal facial expressions are involuntary and dependent on emotional state rather than a way to communicate.But scientists at the University's Dog Cognition Centre at Portsmouth University have found that dogs mostly use facial expressions when humans are present, as a direct response to attention. Puppy dog eyes, in which the (1) _________is raised to make the eyes appear wider and sadder, was found to be the most (2) _________ used expression in the study. Researchers do not know whether the dogs are aware they look sadder, or have just learned that widening their eyes invites (3) _________ and affection in humans.Dog cognition expert Dr. Juliane Kaminski: "We can now be (4) _________ that the production of facial expressions made by dogs are dependent on the attention state of their audience and are not just a result of dogs being excited.”“In our study they produced far more expressions when someone was watching, but seeing food (5) _________ did not have the same effect.”The findings appear to support evidence that dogs are (6) _________ to humans attention and that expressions are (7) _________active attempts to communicate, not simple emotional displays. "The researchers studied 24 dogs of various breeds, aged one to 12. All were family pets. Each dog was tied by a lead a meter away from a person, and the dogs' faces were (8) _________ throughout a range of exchanges, from the person being oriented towards the dog, to being distracted, with her body turned away from the dog.They found that when a human was not watching the animal, they (9) _________ facial expressions.Dr Kaminski said it is possible that dogs' expressions have evolved as they were (10) _________. “Domestic dogs have a unique history --- they have lived alongside humans for 30,000 years and during that time selection pressures seem to have acted on dogs' ability to communicate with us,” she said.。

新版2018松江高三一模语文试题(教师版)441356.doc

上海市松江区2021届高三上学期期末量控〔分150分，完卷150分〕一累运用101.按要求填空。

〔5分〕⑴三山半落青天外，一水中分白洲。

〔李白?登金陵凰台?〕无理数系的道路。

他研究数学，却同考数学研究的象在。

大家都，数学最需要格性，数学家⑵“君子博学而日参省乎己，知明而行无矣〞一句出自荀子的?学?。

就要什么叫格性？大家都，数学在明一串串的定理，⑶王国?人?中周邦彦句“水面清阳白石?念奴??惜衣?二，犹有隔看花之恨〞。

2.按要求。

〔5分〕⑴重阳小明菊拍了很多照片，你提供一些句子他，作他照片的配，以下句子不适合提供的一是追求真理，可是‘真’究竟是指什么？我明了某些象的存在，或者我无矛盾地造的研究象，可〔〕。

〔2分〕DA.世逢开口笑，菊花插。

C.浅淡白深黄，簇簇新香。

D出自曹雪芹的?残菊?，A的意思是：世平生逢开口一笑，自杜牧的?九日山登高?；B自?昌寒菊?第一句是菊花的描写。

肌、弱骨的字眼，有一定的人色彩，主要是人的主感情的外射。

葩，就是花。

一句从肌、骨，一直写到花本身，是全面的概述。

第二句是花的姿的更一步描写。

如果第一句是写的，那么一句就是花蕊的色彩的具体描写，以示其美。

⑵填入下面空白的句，最恰当的一是〔〕〔3分〕C科学可以生文明，文明可以生缺陷，缺陷可以生科学。

如果短些：缺陷是科学的种子，科学是缺3.第①段画的“下〞在文中指的陷的化身。

因此，我可以知道道A.缺陷的价，科学的来源B.缺陷的作用，科学的价D.科学的价，缺陷的作用C.科学的来源，缺陷的价〔一〕下文，完成第3-7。

〔15分〕①与一般念不同，数学，其也是文化的一局部。

而且，数学和任何其他学科不同，数学是任何科学所不5.以下第④段“主〞的理解与文的一是〔可或缺的。

没有任何一科学能像它那被天下，它是代科学技的言和工具。

代科学之所以成代A.将研究宇与自己的力在一起。

科学，第一个决定性的步是使自己数学化。

什么会？因数学在人理性思活中有一些特点，些特点的形成离不开各个代的的文化背景，同又是数学影响人文化最突出之点。

2018年高三语文松江区一模试卷

2018年高三语文松江区一模试卷松江区2017学年度第一学期期末质量监控试卷高三语文（满分150分，完卷时间150分钟）一积累运用10分1.按要求填空。

（5分）（1）三山半落青天外，。

（李白《登金陵凤凰台》）（2）“，则知明而行无过矣”一句出自荀子的《》。

（3）王国维《人间词话》中评周邦彦词句“，”曰：“真能得荷之神理者，觉白石《念奴娇》《惜红衣》二词，犹有隔雾看花之恨”。

2.按要求选择。

（5分）（1）重阳节小明赏菊拍了很多照片，你提供一些句子给他，作为他照片的配诗，以下句子不适合提供的一项是（）。

（2分）A.尘世难逢开口笑，菊花须插满头归。

B.轻肌弱骨散幽葩，更将金蕊泛留下C.浅红淡白间深黄，簇簇新妆阵阵香。

如果缩短些说：缺陷是科学的种子，科学是缺陷的化身。

因此，我们可以知道，因此，我们更可以知道。

A.缺陷的价值，科学的来源B.缺陷的作用，科学的价值C.科学的来源，缺陷的价值D.科学的价值，缺陷的作用二阅读 70分（一）阅读下文，完成第3-7题。

（15分）①与一般观念不同，数学，其实也是文化的一部分。

而且，数学和任何其他学科不同，数学是任何科学所不可或缺的。

没有任何一门科学能像它那样泽被天下，它是现代科学技术的语言和工具。

现代科学之所以成为现代科学，第一个决定性的步骤是使自己数学化。

②数学追求一种完全确定、完全可靠的知识。

在这本小书里可以看到许多被吸引到数学中来的人正是因为数学有这样的特点。

【区级联考】上海市松江区2018学年度第一学期期末(一模)质量监控高三语文试题

绝密★启用前【区级联考】上海市松江区2018学年度第一学期期末（一模）质量监控高三语文试题试卷副标题注意事项：1．答题前填写好自己的姓名、班级、考号等信息 2．请将答案正确填写在答题卡上第I 卷（选择题）请点击修改第I 卷的文字说明一、选择题按要求选择。

1．下列选项中,语句使用不恰当的一项是A ．小王学花样滑冰十年终获大奖,同伴称道:“宝剑锋从磨砺出,梅花香自苦寒来。

”B ．小明被评为“孝心少年”,颁奖词中写道:“落红不是无情物,化作春泥更护花。

”C ．新兵招募宜传文案中用“慷慨自古英雄色,甘洒热血写青春”来号召青年参军。

D ．小马荣获“最佳辩手”,颁奖词中写道:“口若悬河,能言善辩”赞其出色辩才。

2．将下列编号的语句依次填入语段空白处,语意连贯的一项是汉文化所以不同于其他民族的文化, ，，，，孔子在塑造中国民族性格和文化一心理结构上的历史地位,已是一种难以否定的客观事实。

①不管是好是坏,是批判还是继承②中国人所以不同于外国人 ③中华艺术所以不同于其他艺术④其思想来由仍应追溯到先秦孔学 A ． ④①②③ B ． ①②④③ C ． ②①④③ D ． ②③④①第II卷（非选择题）请点击修改第II卷的文字说明二、句子默写3．按要求填空。

(1)_____________,此心吾与白鸥盟。

(黄庭坚《登快阁》)(2)落花水香茅舍晚,_____________(马致远《寿阳曲·远浦帆归》)(3)《师说》中写士大夫之族以地位官职为借口,拒绝从师学习的语句是_________，_________。

三、现代文阅读阅读下文,完成下面小题。

社会科学何以洞察人性熊易寒①既然社会科学是关于人的科学,那么对于人性的判断就是社会科学研究必须直面的根本性问题。

②人类学、历史学等人文学科一般通过丰富细膩的个案呈现人性的复杂性和内在矛盾,而文学艺术通过虛构和艺术加工将人类置于两难境地,借助灵与欲、善与恶的冲突来展现人性的伟大与卑微。