写作教程2 课后答案 (上海外国语教育出版社)
写作Book 2 Unit 1-6 课后练习答案参考
2. Getting off the car, 2. We got off at the first we headed for Space stop and immediately Mountain. - After waiting headed for the Country in line for almost an hour, Bear Jamboree. we boarded the famous - After waiting in a long roller coaster that took line, we thoroughly us for a thrilling ride enjoyed the singing and
4. Paragraph I All inventions are either basic inventions or improvements on earlier inventions. Paragraph 2 There was a serious accident in the chemistry lab yesterday. Paragraph 3 Nutritional deficiency is a major problem of the elderly.
4. l) Standing in the burned-out shell of my living room was a shocking experience. Above my head were charred beams, all that remained of our ceiling. In front of me, where our television and stereo had once stood, were twisted pieces of metal and chunks of blackened glass. Strangely, some items seemed little damaged by the fire. For example, I could see the TV tuner knob and a dusty CD under the rubble. I walked through the ashes until I came to what was left of our sofa. Behind the sofa had been a wall of family photographs. Now, the wall and the pictures were gone. I found only a water-logged scrap of my wedding picture.
写作教程2课后答案（上海外国语教育出版社）
写作教程2课后答案（上海外国语教育出版社）写作教程 2 课后题答案提示：页码有部分错误，但答案内容正确。
P2 . PART1Advantages : It is very convenient . You can make a call whenever and wherever you want to.It is especially helpful in an emergency .It saves time .You don't have to search for or await the turn for the public phone.You can always be reached when you are neededby others.In an information age ,it can help you to get the information you want in the quickest way.It may help you to grasp any chance to succeed. You canplay games and surf the net through thephone........Disadvantages : It is quite expensiveIts radiation is harmful to healthAnswering calls in public places such as on a bus is embarrassingMaking or answering calls while driving isdangerousYou can always be reached by your parents oryour bossIt may ring at the moment when you least wantit toYou may receive calls fromstrangers or advertising companies and have to pay forthem ..........P3. PART2have become increasingly violentis more and more important for young people is thekindest neighbour I have ever known has aprofound effect on our healthP4. 2.too specificBritish English is different from American English inspelling3.This is not a sentence, but a fragment Differentcountries have different customs4.too general,too emotionalThe local food is tasteless and greasyP7. Approach 1: For one thing, they should balance science and non-science courses so that they do not have too many time-consuming labs.Approach 2:They should also try to get a mixture between subjects they find fairly easy and those that are difficult for them.Example 1: For instance,the student who dose well in history but expects to have a terrible time with calculus might plan on taking both in the same semester to balance the work load.Example 2: The student who dose not plan carefully and takes five tough courses the first term may wind up on scholastic probation.P11. 4 . Paragraph 1:All invention are either basic inventions or improvement on earlier inventions.Paragraph 2:There was a serious accident in thechemistry lab yesterday.Paragraph 3: Nutritional deficiency is a major problemof the elderly.5. Paragraph 1 : T opic sentence: people .....to each other. 和convenience. 第一句And无关句：Manynowadays,....moreParagraph 2: T S : 第一句无关句：I didn't /doc/b810843207.html,st night 和 I heard that .... own children.排序：574169832（1）First of all . (2) secondly (3)By and by (4) In addition(5)In shortP18 Paragraph B : Jack should not have taken the gymnastics course.he fell off the uneven bars and got a concussion.he sprained his ankle,after a bad landing off the balance beam.he broken the support beam in the basement of his parent's home,showing them his skills.he broke his thumb when he caught it on the bar the pommel horse.he fails the final exam in his gymnastics course.he failed to graduate due to the lack of twohours of physical education creditP19 T S: Some historians mark the course of the American Revolutionary War in three major periods.1.During the first phase of the conflict ,New English was the battleground,1)The Minutemen and the Redcoats fired the opening shots of the war at Lexington at dawn of April 19,17752) Shortly afterwards ,the New England colonists laid siege toBoston .the location of the British headquarters.2.In the second phase of the war ,which began after the signing of the Declaration ,both the British and the American made important military gains.1)The British soldiers captured New York in the fall of 1776,and a year later they occupied Philadelphia.2)Meanwhile the Americans were able to seize New Jersey3.The fighting moved to the west and south during the last phase.1)In 1778 and 1779 several battles occurred in Kentucky and Tennessee.2)Then two years later ,the final battle of the war wasfought at Yorktown ,Virginia.P22 . 4: 排序： 4 10 5 12 3 7 15 9 14 2 11 8 13 6 1T S ： My family spent two fun-filled days at Disney World last year.P23. 5.(1)Then (2) morning (3)afternoon (4)Then (5)After that (6)when (7)already (8)afterP33. 3. 排序：3614752 Relationship : organization of the paragraph represents Primarily, movementtheingeographical space.P34 5. (1)into (2) crosses (3) In the center of (4) Outside (5)inside (6) On the front (7)over (8)down (9)lined with (10) At the rearP46 4. (1)with (2)while (3)slowly (4)Gradually (5)with (6)By this time (7)Suddenly (8)final (9) ending (10) applause5.Prepare and lay out food;make the special lanterns Keepdancing and singing overnightThrow the food and lanterns into a river or seaWatch the lanterns drifting wayP52 . T S : Working as a cook at the Venture Inn is the best job i have ever had.Reasons: 1. I have a steady fort-hour workweek ,along with a chance for overtime if i want it.2.I can eat whatever i like ,and i get a chance to take steak and sometimes lobster home to my wife.3.I don't have any big hassle with my boss;if i have to report late or skip a day now and then,all she asks is that i call her in advance4. They pay is very good ,averaging close to $200 the weeks that i work overtime5. The job is seasonal.P57. 3. T S : Working in an apple plant was the worst job i ever had.Examples :1: First of all,the work was physically hardSpecific details:1)For ten hours a night ,i took cartons that rolled down a metal track and stacked them onto wooden skids in a tractor trailer.2)Each carton contained twelve 32-ounce cans or bottles of apple juice,and they were heavy2:The second bad feature of the job was the paySpecific details:I was getting the minimum wage at thattime ,$1.25an hour,plus a minimum of a nickel extra for working the night shift.3:The worst feature of the apple plant job was the working conditions.1)During work we were limited to two10-minute breaks and an unpaid half-hour for lunch2)The steel floors of the trucks were like ice ;the quickly penetrating cold made my feet feel like stone.Concluding S : I felt humiliated by the poverty thatforced me to do such a bitter job.P58 4. 排序： 36182475Pattern : It follows Pattern 1 and uses many examples to illustrate the controlling idea.5.(1) For example (2)Furthermore (3)In still another instance(4)Even (5)his (6)these (7)contemporaryP59 7. 1) I've never seen a girl as lazy as Arena2)English teachers are applying different means to teach theEnglish language3)Americans have been decreasing their working hours sinceearly 1900s4)My father has been a generous man to his childrenP70 5. 排序：213546explain a Spanish word which hasno exact English equivalentcourageous behaviour earthy sexualityP76 Cause: 1. Over a million cars are abandoned on the streets3.Both city governments or governmental agencies have financial headachesEffect: lack of parking in citiesP78 Cause: the terrorist strikesEffects: 1. The Americans feel very anxious and panicky3.The public would wind up ignoring the one warning that really matters.P82 2) Cause : (1) got drunk at the party(2)had taken the drug of Accutane(3)adolescent depressionEffect : Bart Jr.'s suicide4.排序：241365 Pattern of cause and effect: single effect and multiple causesP88 sample 1 subject: the time most students spend studying for a testTopic sentence: The time most students spend studying for a test can be divided into three distinct phases.Division ；1）Phase One runs from the day the test is announced to approximately forty-eight hours before the exam is passed out.2)Phase two is entered two days prior to the test.3)Phase three ,the final phase ,is entered twelve hours before “ZeroHour . ”Sample 2 : subject: students in our schoolTopic sentence: students in our school fall into three groups according to their different intentions of taking part in sports. Division :1) students who go to the playground when they feel tired after study.2)real sports lovers who even put aside their studies for a game. P93 3. 1) T S: University students' entertainment can be divided into three categories according to where it takes placeDivision: a) entertainment at homeb)entertainment on campusc)entertainment elsewhere2)T S: The average young married woman in today's society has her life divided into three different roles.Division: a)the role of wifeb)the role of motherc)the role of self3)T S : Neighbours fall into three categories according to their different attitudes towards youDivision:a)those who are friendlyb)those who are indifferentc)those who hate youP94 5: 排序： 7 3 10 9 1 5 8 4 2 11 6 Subject: Christmas gifts T S : Christmas gifts can be divided into threegroups ,according to their after-Christmas fateDivision: a)those that are welcomed and put into usevery soonb)those that are halfway between being hated and lovedc)those that you banish as soon as possibleConcluding S : By New Year's Day, you have eitherused ,stored or disposed of each of your Christmas gifts6.(1)types (2)Though (3) Finally (4)however(5)Even though (6)Before (7)third (8)If(9)Then (10)theseP106 4.排序： 53624871Pattern of comparison and contrast: subject by subjectP107 5. (1)similar (2)although (3)difference (4)identical(5)again (6)while (7)But (8)difference (9)consistency(10)completelyP114 paragraph B: First statement :The invention of movable type made the mass media possible.Supporting details: Large numbers of people could haveaccessto learning.Second statement :Television brought a second revolution means of the media .Supporting details: Television made experiences available massive numbers of people. by toMillions could watch a president being sworn in or buried ,a spaceship launched .An Olympic race run ,comedies or talk shows at the same time . Third statement :You ,through the medium of television ,will be a member of a “global villages ”.Supporting details ； In the future , this revolution in both information and experiences will spread to the far reaches of the world and even to outer space. Ultimately, you will be able to see and talk instantly to anyone else in the world.General statement : Technology will take a leading role in the media future as it always has in the past.P118 3. The enormous importance of television news had started the process of change in the printed pressP119 5 .A : Programs on TV tend to have a high level of maturity(1) fostering maturity at early age or hindering maturity(2)misleading children to imitating scenes on TVB: TV serials or dramas may oversimplifycomplex social and psychological problems.(1)enjoying simple-minded soap operas and stereotyped characters(2)giving a false picture of realityC:Informative and cultural programs are frequently interrupted by vulgar advertising.(1)too many commercials(2)an insult even to the intelligence of a moronP120 6.(1)Thus (2)When (3)also (4)however (5)Moreover (6)indeed (7)also (8)Yet (9) and (10)ThusP139 sample 2Sample 1 Sample 2Topic sentence: Stanford Introductory paragraph : (the University is one of the famous first para) the main idea of the institutions of higher learning composition :Its reputation is in northern California. based on its intelligentstudents ,distinguished facultyand growth opportunitiesoffered to students.Supporting detail 1 : Body para 1 (the secondIts highly intelligent student para)topic sentence:The population university ?s standards foradmission remain high .Supporting sentences: studentsenroll from all over the UnitedStates ,and many foreignstudents study there as well.Young men and women areselected to enter the universityfrom the upper fifteen percentof their high school classes. Supporting detail 2 : Body para 2（the third para ）Distinguished teaching staff Topic sentence :Stanford hasattracted to its faculty some ofthe world ?s most respectedscholars.Supporting sentences ； Theuniversity staff has includedseveral Nobel Prize winners inphysics ,medicine andchemistry .Stanford?sundergraduate school ofengineering and its graduate schools of business ,law ,and medicine are especially well regarded.Supporting campus life detail 3 : its Body parapara )topicCulturally,campus isstudents .3thea(the fourthsentence :universitymagnet forSupporting sentences ；Plays ,concerts ,and operas areperformed in the university?sseveral auditoriums and inoutdoor Frost Amphitheater.Guest lectures from public andacademic life frequently appearon campus,. In the evening,many students gather tosocialize in the Student Union,s coffee house .For the sports–minded ,the Stanford campusoffers highly developedConcluding sentence: It is considered comparable in quality to other longer established universities. athletic facilities. Team sports ,swimming ,and track and field activity are all very much part of the Stanford picture. Concluding para (the last para ) conclusion: Stanford is now generally considered comparable in quality to such other longer established ,major American universities as Harvard ,Yale, Princeton, and Columbia.P145 3. Gambling is the root cause of many social problems The future of education lies in the innovation of educational technologyViolence on television has a negative impact on children's view of societyWomen should be given equal opportunities in education and career developmentEfforts should be made to preserve natural beauty in developing local tourismP147 6. (1)usually (2)often (3)Since (4)on the other hand(5)also (6)but (7)AlthoughP158 5.排序： 8 3 7 1 5 9 13 2 6 12 4 11 106: 1.While 2.in the morning 3. in the evening 4.While 5.until 6.while 7.before 8.at six o'clock 9.As soon as10.Unfortunately 11.What's more 12.After 13.the next morning14.next 15. Luckily 16.until 17.at lastP172 5.排序：32718564P173 6: (1)cozy (2)soft (3)On one side of the room(4)Next to (5)muted (6)On the other side o f (7)nap(8)orange(9)lighted (10)sizzling。
写作教程 第二册答案课件
balls on the branches near the base of the tree. Meanwhile, the two older children were placing ornaments on the higher branches. Finally, our parents completed the decorating by placing a beautiful golden-haired angel at the very top of the tree. After we finished the tree, we hurriedly dressed and walked down the street to Midnight Mass. As we listened to the service, we remembered the reason we celebrated Christmas. Then we returned home where we ate some of Mother's Christmas goodies. We always ended our Christmas Eve ritual around 2 a.m. by gathering around the tree and singing "Silent Night."
warm has many advantages.
写作教程 第二册答案
• 4. • Paragraph I All inventions are either basic
inventions or improvements on earlier inventions. • Paragraph 2 There was a serious accident in the chemistry lab yesterday. • Paragraph 3 Nutritional deficiency is a major problem of the elderly.
写作教程 第二册 答案PPT课件
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2
Personality One's personality plays an important role in foreign language learning. Weather Living in a place where the weather is always warm has many advantages.
l) Repetition of key words: junk food, students (as are underlined)
2) Use of transitional signals: For one reason, Also, As a result, however (as are italicized)
Unit 1
Follow-up exercises
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1
Write a focused topic sentence for the following subject
Looking for jobs A person can look for a job in several ways. Penguins Penguins resemble human beings in many respects.
Paragraph 3 Nutritional deficiency is a major problem of the elderly.
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4
5. Paragraph 1
The world has enjoyed many benefits from the invention of telephone. Paragraph 2 I had a terrible morning today.
写作教程2the appropriate word课后答案
写作教程2the appropriate word课后答案在上一节课中，老师讲了一个关于对环境问题的看法。
在下面这一段话中，作者就是通过大量的实际例子进行阐述，并结合自己对这个问题的看法给出了答案。
可以通过以下几个方面来分析一下。
关于环境保护，这篇文章给出的四个部分内容如下：根据前面老师讲课中所讲和同学们分享了一些相关内容后，大家应该是对这个话题有了更深入的了解。
所以要给写出来作为参考。
下面是一个例子来总结这一节：我是一位在校大学生，我一直对环境问题很感兴趣，也非常有兴趣可以了解相关话题的知识。
但是写了一些心得之后发现这篇文章不够成熟，所以不能充分利用好这个机会进行复习总结。
接下来会再写这个话题或者是后面还有一篇文章，就具体展开讲一下。
根据前两节课的内容在后面的练习中再进行练习就可以得到答案了。
我选择自己写一篇课上没有讲到的内容作为写作参考！希望对同学们有所帮助！大家也可以关注我哦~每天都会更新相关的文章和知识分享给大家谢谢看到这里的各位同学。
1、环境问题的严重性人们曾经相信地球上的一切生命都是平等的，没有高低之分，甚至连人类自己也认为这个世界上不存在所谓高人一等的东西。
但是在如今这个高度发达的社会结构下，环境的破坏和污染却给人一种被愚弄和轻视的感觉。
人类所拥有的资源只占地球总资源总量的3%左右。
而现在世界上已经大约有57%的人口生活在发展中国家。
如果不加以限制和控制的话，那么到本世纪末地球上一半以上人将会死于癌症、艾滋病和各种疾病之中。
据估计，地球上每30个人中就会有一个患有癌症或者其他严重疾病。
还有一种看法认为人类应该完全灭绝一切动物。
人类对于其他动物造成威胁或者伤害最多的动物应该还是哺乳动物以及鸟类。
还有人主张人类应该发展其他产业来保护生物多样性、改善环境并增加经济收入等。
但是这些想法都只是一些小规模甚至是幼稚的想法。
如果人类继续破坏环境、污染地下水等，那么地球上三分之一以上的人口将会因此而死于疾病或其它一些灾难性事件中。
写作教程 第二册 答案 ppt课件
4.
Paragraph I All inventions are either basic inventions or improvements on earlier inventions.
Paragraph 2 There was a serious accident in the chemistry lab yesterday.
3) Use of pronouns: they, their, this (as are boldfaced)
Unit 2 FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES
3. When I was a child, we never varied our Christmas Eve ritual. We always began our private celebration promptly at 6 p.m. on December 24 when the whole family assembled in our small kitchen. We watched as Mother and my older sister prepared a light supper. As soon as we finished the meal, we rushed into the living room to decorate the tree. The younger children started the decorating by putting tinsel and colorful
balls on the branches near the base of the tree. Meanwhile, the two older children were placing ornaments on the higher branches. Finally, our parents completed the decorating by placing a beautiful goldenhaired angel at the very top of the tree. After we finished the tree, we hurriedly dressed and walked down the street to Midnight Mass. As we listened to the service, we remembered the reason we celebrated Christmas. Then we returned home where we ate some of Mother's Christmas goodies. We always ended our Christmas Eve ritual around 2 a.m. by gathering around the tree and singing "Silent Night."
英语写作2 课后答案
英语写作2 课后答案Unit 13.1) A person can look for a job in several ways.2) Penguins resemble human beings in many respects.3) One’s personality plays an important role in foreign language learning.4) Living in a place where the weather is always warm has many advantages.4.Paragraph 1: All inventions are either basic inventions or improvements on earlier inventions. Paragraph 2: There was a serious accident in the chemistry lab yesterday.Paragraph 3: Nutritional deficiency is a major problem of the elderly.5.1) topic sentencesParagraph 1: The world had enjoyed many benefits from the invention of the telephone. Paragraph 2: I had a terrible morning today.2)sentences that do not support the topic sentence in the paragraphParagraph 1: Many people do not like writing letters to each other. And nowadays, the Internet has brought us more convenience.Paragraph 2: I heard that he was also very strict with his own children.6.Topic sentence: 5) Generally speaking, there are many attractions of living in a city.Logical sequence of the sentences: 5, 7, 4, 1, 6, 9, 8, 3, 2.7.(1) First of all(2) Secondly(3) By and by(4) In addition(5) In short8.1) repetition of key words : junk food, students2) use of transitional signals: for one reason, also, as a result, however3) use of pronouns: they, their, thisPart III Follow-up Exercises3.Topic sentence: When I was a child, we never varied our Christmas Eve ritual.1) , when 2) 3) As soon as 4) , 5) 6) Meanwhile, 7) Finally, 8) After 9), 10) and 11) Ad 12) , 13) Then 14) 15)4.Logical sequence of the sentences:4, 10, 5, 12, 3, 7, 15, 9, 14, 2, 11, 8, 13, 6, 1Topic sentence: My family spent two fun-filled days at Disney World last year.Concluding sentence: Although we were very tired at midnight, we agreed that our two-day vacation at Disney World was one of the best we had ever had.5.(1) Then (2) morning (3) afternoon (4) Then(5) After that (6) when (7) already (8) after6.The New Year celebration was so unforgettable for me when I was a child. Weeks before the New Year’s Day, my mother would let me help her send out New Year’s cards and go shopping with her. In the crowded markets, I bought firecrackers, like all the other kids. Then, beginning on New Year’s Eve, the sound of exploding firecrackers was everywhere, day and night. On New Year’s Day, I watched huge parades go by in the middle of the streets. People wearing costumes danced past us. Some o f them were playing instruments, some were having lion dances, and dragon dances.Afterwards, we worshiped our ancestors in a temple and visited friends and relatives to wish them happy.3.logical sequence of the sentence: 3, 6, 1, 4, 7, 5, 2Relationship: Primarily, the organization of the paragraph represents movement in geographical space.4.1) in above in front of under through behind2) The central focus is “a shocking experience.” To support the main idea, the writer uses a lot of descriptions and organizes these details according to the space relationship, and thus coherence is achieved.5.(1) into(2) crosses(3) In the center of(4) Outside(5) inside(6) On the front(7) over(8) down(9) lined with(10) At the rear6.This paragraph is developed in a circular order, i.e. from east to north, and then to south3.1) Pattern: description with supplementary explanations.2) the tableSteps of the processStep 1 Wooden casks are first interconnected and then stacked in tiers.Step 2 Young sherries are poured into the casks at the top wheras the mature sherries are drawn out of the casks at the bottom.Step 3 Different sherries are constantly mixed up.Result of the effortStep 1 noStep 2 One third of the content is drawn out of one cask in any one year.Step 3 Special characteristics of the different sherries are maintained year after year.4.(1) with(2) while(3) slowly(4) Gradually(5) with(6) By this time(7) Suddenly8) final(9) ending(10) applause5.Task OneProcedures of celebrating the festival:Step 1: Prepare and lay out food; make the special lanterns.Step 2: Keep dancing and singing overnight.Step 3: Throw the food and lanterns into a river or sea.Step 4: Watch the lanterns drifting way.Linking words and phrases that connect these procedures:Firstly, also, afterward, then, signals the endTask TwoA Festival for the Dead is held once a year in Japan. This festival is a cheerful occasion, for on this day, the dead are said to return to their homes and they are welcomed by the living. As they are expected to be hungry after their long journey, food is firstly prepared and laid out for them. Also prepared and specially made are the lanterns, which are hung outside each house to helpthe dead to find their way. Afterward people keep dancing and singing all night long till the early morning. Then the food that had been laid out for the dead is thrown into a river or into the sea as it is considered unlucky for anyone living to eat it. In towns that are near the sea, the tiny lanterns, which had been hung in the streets the night before, are placed into the water. This signals the end of the festival. Thousands of lanterns then slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world. This is a moving spectacle, for crowds of people stand on the shore watching the lanterns drifting away until they can be seen no more.6.According to the Chinese Lunar calendar, the 15th day of the eighth lunar month is the day for the Mid-Autumn Festival, and the day usually falls on one of the days in the latter half of Septem ber. For this occasion people need to buy moon cakes in advance. And when that evening comes with a full moon rising, Chinese families begin to have a big dinner together. The family members enjoy many delicacies, including sweet or salty moon cakes as well as some special food like taros and young soy beans. For those who are absent from the family, moon cakes have already been s ent to them days before. When the family enjoy all of these, they will look up at the full moon, ch atting or missing their faraway relatives or friends. For them, the full moon symbolizes “reunion.”Such feelings and scenes are fully expressed by a Chinese saying: the moon at home is exceptiona lly brighter.3.1) Paragraph A follows Pattern 2, which uses one extended example to illustrate the controlling idea. Paragraph B follows Pattern 1, which uses several examples to illustrate the topic sentence.2)The outline for paragraph B:Topic sentence: Working in an apple plant was the worst job I ever had.Examples:1. First of all, the work was physically hard.Specific details:1) For ten hours a night, I took cartons that rolled down a metal track and stacked them onto wooden skids in a tractor trailer.2) Each carton contained twelve 32-ounce cans or bottles of apple juice, and they were heavy.2. The second bad feature of the job was the pay.Specific details:I was getting the minimum wage at that time, $1.25 an hour, plus a minimum of a nickel extra for working the night shift.3. The worst feature of the apple plant job was the working conditions.Specific details:1) During work we were limited to two 10-minute breaks and an unpaid half-hour for lunch.2) The steel floors of the trucks were like ice; the quickly penetrating cold made my feet feel like stone.Concluding sentence: I felt humiliated by the poverty that forced me to do such a bitter job.4.Logical sequence of the sentences:3, 6, 1, 8, 2, 4, 7, 5,Pattern: It follows Patten 1 and uses many examples to illustrate the controlling idea.5.(1) For example (2) Furthermore (3) In still another instance(4) Even (5) his (6) these (7) contemporary6.Examples 2, 3 and 5 are relevant and specific. They are effective examples that can be used. Examples 1 and 7 are not specific, though relevant.Examples 4 and 6 are completely irrelevant. They don’t refer to a Massac husetts law.7.1) Topic sentence: I’ve never seen a girl as lazy as Arena.2) Topic sentence: English teachers are applying different means to teach English language.3) Topic sentence: Americans have been decreasing their working hours since the early 1900s.4) Topic sentence: My father has been a generous man to his children.3.Subject: RepublicClass: a form of governmentCharacteristics: in which power resides in the people (the electorate)Subject: WolfClass: a large, dog-like carnivorous mammalCharacteristics: with yellowish or brownish gray and coarse fur, erect pointed ears, and a bushy tailSubject: JazzClass: a style of musicCharacteristics: that features improvisation and performanceSubject: persistenceClass: a kind of qualityCharacteristics: not giving up even during rough times4.1), 2) The expression “is where” and “is when” should not be used to begin the main part of a definition. The linking verb “is” should be followed by a noun, a pronoun or an adjective. Improved: 1) A stadium is a structure or building in which sports spectaculars are held.2) Socialism is a theory or system of community organization that advocates the vesting of the ownership and control of the means of production, capital, land and so forth, in the community as a whole.3) This is a circular definition, a practice of defining a term with the term itself.Improved: Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use the energy of light to produce compounds, such as sugar and starch, from a number of substances including water and carbon dioxide.4) The subject is defined in a language equally or more complex than the original.Improved: Surreptitious means “secret.”5) Exemplification is mistaken for definition; the examples are good for clarification, but they do not define.Improved: Political conservatives are people who are dedicated to preserving the existing conditions, such as William F. Buckley, Jr., and Pat Robertson.6) It is a generalization rather than a precise definition, for the concept is defined with characteristics without being first put under a class or category.Improved: Hearing aids are a kind of device which enables deaf people to hear sounds such as normal speech.5.Task OneLogical sequence of the sentences: 2, 1, 3, 5, 4, 6,Task Three-- The purpose of the paragraph is to explain a Spanish word which has no exact English equivalent.-- The two main characteristics of machismo are courageous behavior and earthy sexuality.-- “Also” is the transitional word that leads you from the first characteristic to the second one.6.a) Members of all social classes and people of all ages consider rude behaviors to be socially unacceptable, but the standard has changed over the years. For my grandmother, who was born before the turn of the century, it was rude to start eating before everyone else was served. It was also very rude for children or younger people to interrupt older people when they were speaking. For my dad, who grew up during the Depression and the Second World war, it was rude not to say hello to a clerk in the store, and he thought my brothers and I were rude when we made unfavorable remarks about him.b) Today, rudeness is not just a matter of forgetting small courtesies. Rudeness is also being impatient and pushy. When people cut into my lane when I am driving or shove in front of me in line, I get very angry.3.1) pattern: single effect and multiple causes.2) causes(1) got drunk at the party(2) had taken the drug of Accutane(3) adolescent depressionEffect:Bart Jr’s suicide4.Logical sequence of the sentences:2, 4, 1, 3, 6, 5,Pattern of cause and effect:single effect and multiple causes.5.Task one.Topic: Society itself may be producing the distortions of personality, mental illness, and emotional instability.Causes1) society’s compartmentalizing2) society’s competitive demands3) inability to rebelEffectDistortions of personality, etc.3..1) Topic: University Students’ EntertainmentTopic sentence: University students’ entertainment can be divided into three categories according to where it takes place.Division:a) entertainment at homeb) entertainment on campusc) entertainment elsewhere2) Topic: Roles of Young Married Women in SocietyTopic sentence: The average young married woman in today’s society has her life divided into three different roles.Division:a) the role of lifeb) the role of motherc) the role of self3) Topic: NeighborsTopic sentence: Neighbors fall into three categories according to their different attitudes towards you.Division:a) those who are friendlyb) those who are indifferentc) those who hate you4.1) Out: firm, single basis: size2) Out: fatigue, single basis: field3) Out: Baptism, single basis: branch4) Out: seashore, single basis: time5..Logical sequence of the sentences:7, 3, 10, 9, 1, 5, 8 ,4, 2 ,11, 6,Subject: Christmas giftsTopic sentence: Christmas gifts can be divided into three groups, according to their after-Christmas fate.Division:a) those that are welcomed and put into use very soonb) those that are halfway between being hated and lovedc) those that you banish as soon as possible.Concluding sentence: By New Year’s Day, you have either used, stored or disposed of each of your Christmas gifts.6.(1) types (2) Though (3) Finally (4) however (5) Even though (6) Before (7) third (8) If(9) Then (10) these3.Pattern: point-by-pointSubject 1: Western HomesPoint:Room function: Each room has its own function.Table: Each home has several tables for different functions. Door: Western homes have fixed, hinged doors.Subject 2: Japanese HomesPoint:Room function: One room serves all the functions.Table: One low table serves all the purposes.Door: Japanese homes have lightweight sliding doors.4.Logical sequence of the sentences:5, 3, 6, 2, 4, 8, 7, 1Pattern of comparison and contrast: subject by subject5. Put the following words in the blanks; some can be used twice. (1) similar (2) although (3) difference (4) identical (5) again (6) while (7) But (8) difference (9) consistency (10) completely6.3.General Statement: The enormous importance of television news had started the process of change in the printed press.4.Paragraph one:At present, there has been profound change in mass media. In the magazine industry, for example, mass magazines have routinely been replaced by magazines aimed at very specific audience. Suburban, community, and neighborhood newspapers have boomed, while many large metropolitan newspapers have declined. Movies have gone after particular audiences and tastes. Mini-theaters attract small audiences. Network radio has been superseded by AM and FM stations aimed at very specific audiences. The CB radio boom is an example of the success of an extremely personal form of communication. Television is headed in the same direction. That can mean something for everyone—and an endless string of choices. In brief, each medium is moving toward more and more specialization.Paragraph Two:How have advertisements affected people’s lives?Radio commercials get millions of teenagers to shop for the products made “exclusively” for them. Similarly, magazine, advertisements, showing gorgeous models dressed in the latest style, convince women that they must buy a new wardrobe in order to remain fashionable. And newspapers, too, are filled with ads which stress the need to “buy now at bargain prices” everything form pills to major household appliances. Finally, TV programs, also, are interrupted every five minutes with commercials urging people to try a new detergent, to compare their brand of cigarettes with another, or to drink a different kind of beer. Thus, mass media advertising serves mass production by getting people to buy, buy and buy.5.A. Programs on TV tend to have a high level of maturity.(1) fostering maturity at early age or hindering maturity(2) misleading children to imitating scenes on TVB. TV serials or dramas may oversimplify complex social and psychological problems.(1) enjoying simple-minded soap operas and stereotyped characters(2) giving a false picture of realityC. Informative and cultural programs are frequently interrupted by vulgar advertising.(1) too many commercials(2) an insult even to the intelligence of a moronGeneralization: In brief, it is harmful and damaging for children to watch too much television.6.(1) Thus (2) When (3) also (4) however(5) Moreover (6) indeed (7) also (8) Yet(9) and (10) Thus3.The description centers on one trait of personality: Uncle Amo’s being ordinary and average in life.4.There are obviously three methods used: comparison (1), generalization (2, 4), and cause-effect3.4.1) For exampl e, some people don’t like to stay at home after work.2) I once stopped drinking for a while.3) The world we live in is changing every day.4) And the price of tobacco has been going up on the international market.5) A lot of people have successfully given up smoking now.5.1) The thesis statement is “there are minor differences between them in three areas.” It is the second sentence in the first paragraph.3)By repetition of key words: difference, British English, American English.By using transitional words and phrases: in terms of, in addition to, second, third, generally speaking.6.Task One(1) usually (2) often (3) Since (4) on the other hand(5) also (6) but (7) AlthoughTask Two3.Sentences that tell: 1, 3, 6 Sentences that show: 2, 4, 55.Logical sequence of the sentences: 8, 3, 7, 1, 5, 9, 13, 2, 6, 12, 4, 11, 106.(1) While(2) in the morning(3) in the evening(4) While(5) until(6) while(7) before(8) at six o’clock(9) As soon as(10) Unfortunately(11) What’s more(12) After(13) the next morning(14) later(15) Luckily(16) until(17) at last3. Conclusion4.We used to go sled riding down in curving garden paths.Once my father wanted to buy the house and fix it up.In nice weather, we played pirates and outlaws in the lilac bushes.It was the favorite place to play in our neighborhood.5. 3, 2, 7, 1, 8, 5, 6, 46.1) cozy 2) soft 3) On one side of4) Next to 5) muted 6)On the other side of7) nap 8) orange 9) lighted 10)sizzling7.1) The writer employs the spatial order in his description.The opening sentence presents an image of both ends of the table, with the rest of the description organized from these points in space. Sentence 2 shows the progression of objects from the ends of the table to the center. Sentence 3 focuses on the objects in the middle of the table. Thus the reader can visualize the scene very vividly.2) The prepositional phrases of location and direction are:at one end of the table, at the other end of the table, on a bed of creased paper, round its shin, beside this, between these rival ends, on which lay bunches of purple raisins, on which lay a solid rectangle of Smyrna figs, in which stood some tall celery stalks, in the center of the table3) The verbs used are primarily static verbs, like “to be,” “lay,” and “stood,” which reinforce the spatial pattern and contribute to the central impression. They are effective for the purpose as the point of view is that of an observer who is close to the scene being described.senses ExamplesSight Shape solid, blocks, round, leaf-shaped, stalk-shaped, fat, squat, parallel, rectangle, bunches, pyramidSize great, little, large, small, tallColor brown, purple, red, gold, dark, yellow, silver, chocolate, green, orangesTouch Texture creased, frill, glass, sprigs, peeled, cut, stripped, grated, peppered, crustTaste peppered over with crust crumbs, a round of spiced beef, grated nutmeg, chocolates and sweets3. Thesis statement : If blind people can sense color differences, then perhaps we, too, areaffected by colors unconsciously.Organizational structureParagraph 1: Introduction/Thesis statementParagraph 2: Supporting paragraphTopic: discoveries of manufacturersExamples: sugar, foods and cosmeticsParagraph 3: Supporting paragraphTopic: discoveries of experimentsExamples: red, blue, yellowParagraph 4: Conclusion: result of the discoveries4.1) The thesis statement is “Bones can provide archaeologists with a valuable method ofmeasuring time.” It is the first sentence in the first paragraph.2) The purpose is to inform.Methods of development :a) process of calcium collection in bones over long times;b) scientific deduction from the change in bones;c) example to support the thesis.3) Unity: by introducing the thesis ( information ) in the first paragraph, and explaining the keypoints involved in the information ( i.e. what calcium and calcium-9 in bones are and how they come into being ) and how scientists can make use of them in the second paragraph, and finally citing an example to confirm the truth of the information.Coherence:a) by repetition of key words: bones, method, calcium, calcium,calcium-9, archaeologistsb) by use of transitional words and phrases: while, when, because, in comparisonto , actually, little by little5.1) confirmed 2) findings 3) than 4) Whereas 5) as6) if 7) together 8) lead to 9) where 10) adults6.Purpose: to inform drivers that they should keep the four-second rule instead of the two-second rule on highways in order to avoid collision or pileups.Topic 11) Most multiple-car pileups occur at speeds over 55 miles per hour.2) Their drivers may observe the famous two-second rule.3) This rule means to keep two seconds of traveling time behind the vehicle ahead. Topic 2 ( also thesis ): On highways drivers should use the four-second rule, not the two-secondrule.1) The distance needed to stop a car should vary with the square of its speed.2) If the driver accelerates, the stopping distance needs to increase accordingly.Topic 3(also restatement): … use the two-second rule for city driving and the four-second rule for highways.1)Most the slowing occurs over the last half of the stopping distance.2)Some practical examples are given.3)For greater details the reader may refer to the attached table to determine the righttime allowed to avoid accidents.Sample EssaysOn Student Lovers’ Living Togethe r•According to official statistics, the number of college student lovers living together offcampus in Beijing has increased by four times between 1997 and 2001. This is undeniably true of many other places in China. Although many students do not strongly object to it, I don’t think it is advisable for college student lovers to live together away from campus.•Some lovers say that living together can relieve their loneliness and pressure, but it is notreally the best choice. On the one hand, the real reason for their loneliness is that they are not focusing their mind on study. Study, the most important task for university students, can prove to be fascinating if you really focus on it./ On the other hand, even if their loneliness is real, there are many better ways to deal with it./ For instance, they can find friends to take part in sports or other entertaining activities. By staying away from other classmates, living together can be a source of rather than solution to loneliness.•Other lovers argue that they mean to get married after graduation, and this experience can help them test each other to see if they are suitable for married life. But this mentality does not hold water. The two lovers may really love each other, but living together can actually spoil a good relationship, because it enters into weakness rather strength, doubt rather than conviction. / A follow-up study shows that few couples living together really end in marriage.Unit 164.Task One1) However 2) open 3) too 4) because 5) as a result6) Secondly 7) unless 8) even 9) prolong 10) delays 11) benefits5.1) Diseases are not caused by evil spirits but by other factors.2) The minor propositions are: causes of disease are congenital, infectious and nutritional.3) The main expository method is cause and effect.4) Use of pronouns: some, other;Use of adverbial phrase: as wellUse of synonyms: cause, lead to, giver rise to, result from。
写作教程 第二册 答案ppt
Unit 2 FOLLOW-UP EXERCISES
3. When I was a child, we never varied our Christmas Eve ritual. We always began our private celebration promptly at 6 p.m. on December 24 when the whole family assembled in our small kitchen. We watched as Mother and my older sister prepared a light supper. As soon as we finished the meal, we rushed into the living room to decorate the tree. The younger children started the decorating by putting tinsel and colorful
Unit 1
Follow-up exercises
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Write a focused topic sentence for the following subject
Looking for jobs A person can look for a job in several ways. Penguins Penguins resemble human beings in many respects.
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4. Logical sequence of the sentences: 4 – 10 – 5 – 12 – 3 – 7 – 15 – 9 – 14 – 2 – 11 – 8 – 13 – 6 - 1 Topic sentence: My family spent two fun-filled days at Disney World last year.
写作教程 第二册 的答案(82页)
r Paragraph 1 The world has enjoyed many benefits
from the invention of telephone. 'Paragraph 2
I had a terrible morning today.
c Several techniques have been used to achieve coherence:
What we did on the first day What we did on the second day
1. We boarded the1. Early the next morning we
monorail and rode aroundonce again the climbed aboard
— At last we settled on the Cafe Orleans where we had either a late lunch or an early dinner 5. Afterward, we spent the remainder of the day browsing in the specialty sJhops of the Magic ■
were playing instruments; some were having lion dances， and dragon
dances. Afterwards, worshiped our ancestors in a temple and visited friends and reluti v^.v to wish them Happy New Year.
markets 1 bought firecrackers， like all the other kids. Then, beginning
大学英语课后答案 上海外语教育出版社第二册
Appendix IKey to Exercises (Units 1-8)Unit 1Part I Pre-Reading TaskScript for the recording:Ways of learning is the topic of this unit. It is also the topic of the song you are about to listen to, called Teach Your Children sung by Crosby, Stills and Nash.Teach Your ChildrenCrosby, Stills and NashYou, who are on the road,Must nave a code that you can live by.And so, become yourselr,Because the past is just a goodbye.Teach your cbildren well,Their lather's hell did slowly go by.And reed them on your dreams,The one they picks,the one you'll mow by.Don't you ever ash them why, ir they told you, you will cry, So just lookat them and sigh and know they love you.Appendix I- 93 -And you, oi tender years,Can't know the rears that your elders grew by.Ana so please help them with your youtb,They seek the truth before tbey can die.Teacb your parents well,Tbeir children's bell will slowly go by.And reed them on your dreams,Tbe one tbey picks,tbe one you'll know by.Don t you ever ask them why, ir tbey told you, you will cry, So justlook at them and sigh and know tbey love you.The first part of die song is about how parents can inspire their children through sharing with them their dreams, their hopes for a better life. It starts with advice on how you need a set of rules, "a code diat you can live by," to guide you on the road of life. Only then will you be able to fully realise all that is within you and "become yourself." Therefore, parents need to teach their children well.And children —"you of tender years" —also have something to teach their parents, for learning is not a one-way street. Children should share their own dreams with their parents so that young and old can get to understand each otiier better.That said, one should not go too far. For some things are perhaps better left unsaid between parents and children. "Don't you ever ask them why, if they told you, you will cry." At such mo-ments all that there is left to do is to look at one another and sigh, happy in each otiier's love.Part II Text AText Organization1. 1) The text begins with an anecdote/incident.2)His thoughts are mainly about different approaches to learning in China and the West.3)The end winds up the text with a suggestion in die form of a question.94 -Appendix IVocabulary1) insert2) on occasion3) investigate4) In retrospect5) initial6) phenomena7) attached8) make up for9) is awaiting10) exception11) not... in the least12) promote13) working on14) in due course15) emerged1) There is a striking contrast between the standard of living in the north of the country andthe south.2)Natural fiber is said to be superior to synthetic fiber.3)The city's importance as a financial center has evolved slowly.4)His nationality is not relevant to whether he is a good lawyer.5)The poems by a little-known sixteenth-century Italian poet have found their way into someEnglish magazines.3. 1) Chinese isn't a subject that can be picked up in a month. You can't accomplish your goalof mastering the language unless you work at it for years. Well, it sounds as if I'm exag-gerating the difficulties, but the fact is I'm only telling the truth.2)The principal is somewhat disappointed with the performance of the children. From whatshe has gathered, some of the teaching staff have neglected their pupils. She has just announced that strict work regulations have been made and that they apply to both Chinese and overseas teachers.3)The teacher-directed and the child-directed approaches to teaching art represent two ex-tremes of opinion. Too many teacher-directed activities cannot be expected to effectively assisLchildren in learning because of the rigid structure. On the other hand, too many child-directed activities may see a curriculum that is totally unstructured and out of con-trol. There are valid reasons to believe a teacher-guided approach would be a superior wayAppendix I- 95 -to guide children's development. This approach combines some form of structure with thechild leading the direction.II. Confusable Words1.1) continual3) continual21) principal3) principle5) principal 2) continuous 4) continuous2) principal4) principlesIII. Usage1. themselves3. herself/by herself/on her own 5. ourselves 2. himself/herself4. itself6. yourself/by yourself/on your ownStructure1. 1) Simon's ill — so much so that he can't get out of bed.2)She herself believed in freedom, so much so that she would rather die than live without it.3)Piles of work have kept us busy — so much so that we can't manage to take a holiday thisyear.4)Many contestants later failed drug tests, so much so that the race had to be rerun.2. 1) Assuming (that) this painting really is a Picasso2)Assuming (that) the proposal is accepted3)assuming, of course, that she's prepared to listen4)Even assuming (that) smokers do see the health warningsComprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. contrast2. exaggerating3. priority4. on the other hand5. promoting6. pick up7. assist8. accomplish9. on occasion10. neglecting- 96 -Appendix I11. worthwhile12. superior(B)1. to2. affect/influence3. others4. each/them5. without6. controlled7. about8. value9. They10. little11. right12. but13. in14. what15. worth16. andPart III TextBComprehension Check1. c2. c3. d4. a5. c6. bTranslation(#ja Appendix III)Appendix I - 97 -2. account4. ended up6. fund8. keeping track of10. intends12. devise14. undoubtedly16. protest18. resources20. from your point of viewPart IV Theme-Related Language Learning TasksModel paperHow I Learn at CollegeI went to school in a small town near Chengdu and now I am studying law at Fudan University in Shanghai. Passing from one to the other you have to get used to many new things, not the least being the different way of learning.At school I found my timetable full throughout the day. One lesson came close on the heels of another with little time to call one's own. At university, in contrast, only a few hours of each day are taken up with classes or lectures. In the time made available you are expected to learn on your own. When and where is up to you. At the same time what you are meant to learn shifts from memorizing masses of facts to developing an ability to understand theories and present arguments. There are, of course, still facts to be learned. One should not exaggerate the differences. Nevertheless, learning at university certainly teaches me greater self-reliance and to think for myself. (169 words)Language Practice1. adopt3. plus5. furthermore7. annual9. pace11. on demand13. perspective15. fell apart17. access19. deposit- 9& -Appendix IUnit 2Part I Pre-Reading TaskScript for the recording:You have heard about Abraham Lincoln, the 16th president of the United States, haven't you? He came from a poor family, but rose to become one of the most fondly remembered presidents in his country's history. There are many stories about him. Here is one of them.When Abraham Lincoln was young he worked in a store. As a clerk he proved honest and efficient. One day a woman came into the store and bought some articles. They added up to two dollars and six and a quarter cents, or the young clerk thought they did. The bill was paid, and the woman was entirely satisfied. But the young store-keeper, not feeling quite sure as to the accuracy of his calculation, added up the items once more. To his dismay he found that the sum total should have been only two dollars. "I've made her pay six and a quarter cents too much," said Abe, disturbed. It was a very small sum, and many clerks would have dismissed it as such. But Abe was too conscien-tious to forget about the overcharge."The money must be paid back," he decided. This would have been easy enough had the woman lived just around the corner, but, as the young man knew, she lived two or three miles away. This, however, did not alter the matter. It was night, but he closed and locked the store, and walked to the home of his customer. Having arrived there, he explained the matter, paid over the six and a quarter cents, and returned satisfied. This anecdote won him a new name: Honest Abe.Appendix I- 99 -Part II Text Alext Organization1.VocabularyI. 1. 1) local3)deserved5)system7)remote 2) headlines 4) folks6) steer clear of 8) get away with-100- AppendixI9) open up10) hold to11) retire12) rally13) reserved14) qualify15) cultivate2. 1) These serious problems deserve careful consideration in restructuring our educational sys-tems.2)The college is liable to stop her scholarship because of her failure in the final examination.3)San Francisco is, by all accounts, a city easy to fall in love with.4)Snow White received such bad treatment from her step-mother that she had to flee fromher home.5)The United States, Canada, and Mexico make up North America.3. 1) The principal's daughter didn't receive special treatment from her teachers. She was re-warded for her excellent performance. When she graduated from high school in 1998, shehad straight A's and scholarship offers from some of the most famous universities in thecountry.2)Our boss is fully aware that his employees feel a lot of loyalty to the company because theyare treated right. Besides a handsome pay check and a stock option, he has laid down asystem under which employees are granted stock for their retirement.3)You are liable to be offered a discount or a reduction on things you buy at the local super-market on weekends.II. Collocation1. about 3. at/on 5. with 7. from2. for4. into 6. to8. withIII. Usage1. a savings account3. a goods train5. a sales tax7. a current affairs program 2. arms race4. communications equipment 6. a customs officer8. a clothes shopAppendix I- 101 -Struclurc1. 1) Only by rewarding success can you bring out the best in your employees.2)Only by working at evenings and weekends was Mary able to complete the report by thedeadline.3)Only when I myself became a mother did I realize the value of my parents' advice.4)Only after they had finished watching the football game did they begin to prepare for the mathexamination.2. 1) The young woman described to the policemen the way the man ran up to her and grabbed thebag from her hand.2)All the people working for Sam Walton admire the way he manages Wal-Mart and the way hetreats his employees.3)The neighbors were disgusted at the way he talked to his old father.4)It's amazing the way the eight-year-old boy managed to stay so calm when he faced theemergency.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. cheerful 3. executive 5. reward7. loyalty9. qualified11. folks(B)1. from3. spent5. through 7. built9. led/lived 11. millionaires 13. answer 15. by2. threw his weight around4. treatment6. cultivate8. stock10. scholarships12. local2. their4. away6. to8. who10. it12. then14. wealth16. characterno'.h- 102 -Appendix IPart III TextB Comprehension Checkl.c 3. a 5. d 2. b 4. d 6. cTranslation(#JE Appendix III) Language Practice1. replace3. selected5. conducted7. additional9. confronted11. crisis13. resolve15. appeals to 17. In the opinion of 19. factors2.take ... on 4.involved6.range8.tremendous 10.call... in 12.naturally 14.related16.former18.of their choice 20.project-103-Appendix1Part IV Theme-Related Language Learning TasksModel paperInformal invitation1324 ShuiDian Road Shanghai 200434 21/11/01 Dear Tom,I'm having a party to celebrate my birthday in a couple of weeks time on Saturday 2nd December, starting at seven. It would be lovely if you could make it, please let me know whether you can or not.Best wishes,BobInformal acceptanceInformal regretsUnit 3Part I Pre-Reading TaskScript for the recording:Have you ever heard about the famous American folk musician Bob Dylan? Listen, he's about to sing you a song called The Times They Are A-changin':The Times They Are A-Changin'Bob DylanCome gather round peopleWherever you roamAnd admit that the watersAround you nave grownAnd accept it that soonYou'll be d renched to the b one.If your time to youAppendix I- 105Is worth savin'Then you better start swimmin'Or you'll sink like a stoneFor the times they are a-changin' .Come writers and criticsWho prophesize with your penAnd keep your eyes wideThe chance won't come againAnd don’ t speak too soonFor the wheel's still in spinAnd there's no tellin' whoThat it s nam in’ .For the loser nowWill be later to winFor the times they are a-changin' .Come senators, congressmenPlease heed the callDon't stand in the doorwayDon't block up the hallI For he that gets hurtWill be he who has stalledThere's a battle outsideAnd it is ragin .It'll soon shake your windowsAnd rattle your wallsFor the times they are a-changin' .Come mothers and fathersThroughout the landAnd don t criticizeWhat you can't understandYour sons and your daughtersAre beyond your command- 106 -Appendix IYour old road isRapidly agin'.Please get out of the new oneIf you can't lend your handFor the times they are a-ckangin' .The line it is drawnThe curse it is castThe slow one nowWill later he fastAs the present nowWill later he pastThe order isRapidly fadin'.And the first one nowWill later he lastFor the times they are a-changin' .The song you have just heard was also written by Bob Dylan when a young man in his early twenties. Like many a young man throughout the ages he felt misunderstood by his parents' generation, a generation he was quite happy to blame for all the ills of the world. He saw a gap between young and old, a gap made wider by different attitudes to change, the young welcoming it, the old resisting it. But change is coming whether we like it or not, coming like a flood that no one can escape. So you had better:...admit that the waters around you have grownAnd accept it that soon you'll he drenched to the hone.For those whose job it is to comment on the news and to predict what will happen next, we live in interesting times.Come writers and critics Whoprophesize with your pen And k eepyour eyes wide The chance won't comeagainAppendix I- 107 -But they should not be too quick in predicting what is going to happen. The wheel of fortune is still spinning and those at the bottom of society may find themselves later rising up. And so:... don't speak too soon For thewheel's still in spin Ana there's notelling who That it' s naming For theloser now Will helater to winMany of Dylan's early songs were, like this one, protest songs, songs aimed against injustice. And so he warns politicians not to stand in the way of those who are fighting for justice, a fight that will... soon shake your windows And rattle your walls.He sees his parent's generation as too ready to criticize their children and unable to understand their hopes and dreams:Come mothers and lathersThroughout the land And don'tcriticize What you don'tunderstandDylan sees the older generation's way of doing things as outdated. If they are unwilling to change their ways then they should step aside and let a new generation take over. As he says to them:Your old road isRapidly a ginPlease get out of the new oneIf you can't lend your handFor the times they are a-changin'- 106 -Appendix IPart II Text AText OrganizationVocabularyI. 1. 1) swallow2) dumb3) Overall4) glorious5) welfare6) repeatedly7) interference8) fading9) junior10) frank11) distract12) at any rate13) has narrowed down14) in unison15) has come over2. 1) The security council consists of five generals and four police officers.2) The new hotel will be in a location overlooking the lake.Appendix I- 109 -II. Collocation1. adequate2. anxious3. certain4. content5. crazy6. likely7. fortunate8. keenIII. Usage1. be admitted2. live3. be postponed4. buy5. be banned6. beStructure1.1) I do whatever I can2) Whatever does that mean2.3) Whatever had happened4) Whatever it is that you like3.1) You ought to know better than to go swimming right after lunch.2)Aunt Betty certainly knows better than to invest all her money in one company's stock.3)Jenny is old enough to know better than to spend all her time playing computer games.4)Allen should have known better than to lend such a large sum of money to that untrustworthycousin of his.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. welfare2. constant- 110 -Appendix I3. frank4. talent5. embarrassing6. dumb7. repeatedly8. constant9. interference10. bet11. Overall12. trade(B)1. send2. should3. picture4. His5. as6. worse7. too8. consider9. But10. However 11. from12.it13. jacket14. after 15. neverPart III TextBComprehension Checkl.d 2. a3. b4. c5.d6. bTranslation(#ja Appendix III)Appendix I-111-Language Practice1. sake2. acknowledged3. aware4. embraced5. mood6. to the contrary7. polished off8. beneath9. legal10. rare11. justify12. define13. disturbs14. notion15. look forward to16. respond17. have ... to yourself18. Let go of19. for her sake20. contraryPart IV Theme-Related Language Learning TasksModel paperMother: Nancy, you've been home from school for three days now. Why don't you clean up your room?Nancy: We don't have to clean up our rooms at school.Mother: That's all very well, Nancy. But while you're at home, your Dad and I would like you to keep your room clean.Nancy: What difference does it make? It's my room.Mother: That's as may be, but you might give a thought to your father. He's frightened to death of the plague and now says if it is going to start anywhere in the country, it's going to start inyour room.Nancy: Mother, you people aren't interested in anything that's relevant. Do you realize how the major corporations are polluting our environment?Mother: Your father and I are very worried about it. But right now we're more concerned with the pollution in your room.Nancy: For heaven's sake, Mother, I'm grown up now. Why do you have to treat me like a child? Mother: We're not treating you like a child. But it's very hard for us to think of you as an adult when you go round throwing all your clothes on the floor.- 112 -Appendix IUnit 4Part I Pre-Reading TaskScript for the recording:When an idle moment turned up at work, people used to reach for the newspaper, providing the boss wasn't looking. Nowadays they are more likely to spend their spare moments surfing the Internet. Needless to say, the boss is usually no more happier than before, thinking that his staff should be looking for some useful work to do. So what happens to the surfer who hears the boss's footsteps approaching? This is the situation the writer of the poem you are about to hear found himself in. Will he be caught in the act?Surfing the InternetStepping into the lab,I round no one is inside.So I think I'm in the clearBecause the boss is nowhere in sight.I log onto the web and start to surfAnd then my hair stands up with fright.The footsteps coming down the hall Arequickening in pace. There is no time to exit,No way to save my race.-So I press the power buttonAnd relax just a bit.There is no way he can tellAppendix I-113-Exactly what I nit.I act all surprised, Don't know why mymachine died. "Simply unpredictable theseComputers are!" I cried."So we'll get you a new one,A computer that won't crash"he exclaims.Do you think he'll wonderWhen the new one acts the same?Part II Text AText Organization l.2. The first paragraph tells about the consequences of living a virtual life and the last tells about theauthor's return to it. Together, they show us the dilemma people at present are in: Because of modern technology, we have a choice between a virtual life and real life, but we find both unsat-isfactory. The author, however, finally has to choose the latter despite its negative effects.- 114 - Appendix IVocabularyI. 1. 1) conversely 3) but then 5) spitting 7) tone 9) editing 11) Internet 13) stretched 15) angles2. 1) The sight of teenagers smoking cigarettes jars on me.2) I turned on the TV just to relax a little bit after a heavy dinner, but soon I found myself getting sucked in by the fascinating plot of a science fiction film.3) Jeffrey's computer crashed again this morning. The manager has arranged for a technician from the computer store to check and repair it.4) During the Vietnam War, many young Americans fled their country to avoid military ser-vice.Or: During the Vietnam War, many young Americans fled to other countries to avoid military service.5) The new government is planning an anti-corruption campaign so as to restore people's confidence in it.3. 1) The traditional school will never go away, but the virtual classroom is playing a more andmore important role. Obviously, the online student relies on the computer. To get started, he must have his computer hooked up to the Internet through a phone line and modem. To be successful, he must keep up with the class and complete all work on time. Once he gets behind, it is almost impossible to catch up.2) When the economy slows down, the worst nightmare for an employee is losing his job. In addition to money problems, the emotional stress is hard to bear. Hunting for a job is now the daily routine of many workers like Henry Smith. He fills out applications and writes resumes and submits them to various companies, expecting an interview. But in times of rising unemployment, even job interviews are hard to get. He takes great care not to miss any appointment, for if he missed it, it would be all but impossible to arrange for another one.3) "The bubble has burst. Venture capitalists have become cautious in putting more2) relationship 4) symptom 6) abusing8) took (her) in 10) communicate 12) insight 14) dataAppendix I- 115II. Collocation1.We came here all the way on foot.2.Private cars are not allowed on campus.3.They are on vacation in Florida.4.Mary has been talking to her friend on the phone for an hour.5.Don't worry, Lucy is always on time.6.Industrial demand on fuel is on the rise.III. Usagel.hard 2. difficult3. impossible4. tough5. hard6. easyStructure1.1) Anyone who has talked with him will see Mark is a person of remarkable intelligence.2)The book is of no value to one who is not familiar with the subject.3)She is a woman of wealth. She never has to worry about money.4)In today's job market, basic skills in computer science and foreign languages are of greatimportance.2.1) you will find yourself penniless in a month.2)he found himself lying in a hospital ward3)she found herself faced with the toughest job she had ever taken4)Susan found herself in a trap from which she could not escape.Comprehensive ExercisesI. Cloze(A)1. Internet2. click3. nightmare4. sucked5. email6. rely116 -Appendix I7. communicating8. emotional9. At times10. flee11. on line(B)1. between2. The3. to4. away5. on6. work7. enables8. local9. reach10. benefits11. because12. provides/brings 13. does14. in15. making16. with17. Nor18. virtualPart III TextBComprehension check1. c2. a3. a4. b5. d6. cTranslation(#ja Appendix III)Appendix-117-ILanguage Practice1. vehicle2. hooked on3. intense4. communication5. worldwide6. overnight7. individual8. slipped9. version10. on the whole11. called forth12. outwards13. acquaintances14. Needless to say15. to my knowledge16. On top of that17. innocent18. tendencies19. plot20. ScatteredPart IV Theme-Related Language Learning TasksModel paperThe Internet Will Not Isolate Us from One AnotherSince I bought a computer last month, a new world has opened up before me, a world that reaches far beyond my immediate surroundings.Every morning, the first thing I do after opening my eyes is to access the Internet to look at the top news stories of the day. In the evening, I will again sit by my computer and roam the world. The Internet brings me live World Cup football games and the terrorist attack on the World Trade Center. It also enables me to communicate with my friends via email. The other day I got a message from an old classmate whom I hadn't heard from for years. She got my email address just by searching the website of my university! In addition to helping us keep up old ties, it also brings me new friends with whom I meet virtually in chat rooms. We exchange views on topics of interest and pour our hearts out to one another like intimate friends.So, instead of isolating us from one another, the Internet serves to shorten or eliminate distance, and helps to bring friends closer.(187 words)- 116 -Appendix IUnitsPart I Pre-Reading TaskScript for the recording:Often it is in overcoming hardship that we come to appreciate the value of life. Gloria Estefan wrote this song when she was recovering from a serious road accident that had left her badly injured and near to death. She sings of the hard struggle she had to recover her health:Up to now for me it's been hands against stoneand of the search to find something that would give meaning to her life:Spent each and every momentSearching tor what to believe.But now she is beginning to get better; she can see light at the end of the tunnel. As she says:Coming out of the dark, I finally see the light now It's shiningon me.It has been a tough road to recovery, but one made easier by the presence of her loved ones:... I have felt you Nearall the wayas she tells them. Ahead life holds out the promise of a new beginning, for:Starting again is part of the pi an.Appendix I-119-She looks forward to this happy in the knowledge that she is loved and cared for. For she feels that with love you can stand up to anything. As she sings:Forever, forever I stand on the rock or your love Love is all ittakes, no matter what we race.Now let's listen to her as she sings her song Coming Out of the Dark.Coming Out of the DarkGloria EstefanWhy be afraid if I'm not aloneThough life is never easy the rest in unknownUp to now for me it's been hands against stoneSpent each and every momentSearching for what to believe(chorus)Coming out of the dark, I finally see the light nowIt's shinning on meComing out of the dark, I know the love that saved meYou're sharing with meStarting again is part of the plan And I'll be so muchstronger holding your hand Step by step I'll make it through Iknow I can It may not make it easier but I have felt you Nearall the way(repeat chorus)Forever, forever I stand on the rock of your loveForever I'll stand on the rockForever, forever I stand on the rock of your love。
大学英语写作教程2答案大学英语写作教程2
大学英语写作教程2答案大学英语写作教程2大学的同学们，你们在读英语专业的时候，在写作上下的功夫是不是很多呢?下面是WTT给大家整理的大学英语写作教程2，供大家参阅!大学英语写作教程2简介本书系统阐述了大学英语四级考试的短文写作要求、命题原则、测试形式、写作文体和写作方法，精辟地分析了历次考试的典型试题，并向考生提供了可以广泛套用的短文写作基本模式以及语言规范、字数标准化的范文。
注重实用性、有效性、前沿性以及教学与考试的统一性是本书的鲜明特点。
大学英语写作教程2信息大学英语写作教程2目录第一部分写作知识第一章概述一、写作要求二、命题原则三、评分标准第二章命题特点一、命题形式二、写作文体三、写作内容的共性第三章语篇写作一、语篇结构模板二、语篇写作步骤三、语篇论述逻辑四、语篇连贯性五、语篇用词宽度第四章段落写作一、段落结构模板二、段落写作原则三、怎样写好主题句四、段落扩展方法五、过渡词的作用第五章句子写作一、英语句子分类二、英语常用句子结构三、句子写作原则四、句子写作常见错误第六章短文写作常用词语搭配一、动词二、名词三、形容词第七章考前冲刺阶段的应试准备一、考前冲刺要点二、7组过渡词三、12个基本句式第八章优秀作文点评一、不同类型作文点评二、近年考试作文点评第二部分历年考试真题及范文1.1987年12月 Women in the Modern World2.1988年6月 An Early Morning Walk3.1989年1月 The Tape Recorder4.1990年1月 What Would Happen If There Were No Power?5.1990年6月 Make Our Cities Greener6.1991年1月 Bicycle An Important Means of Transportin China7.1991年6月 Changes in People?s Diet8.1992年1月 Is Failure a Bad Thing?9.1992年6月 How I Overcame My Difficulties in Learning English?10.1993年1月 Positive and Negative Aspects of Sports11.1993年6月 My Favourite Program12.1994年1月 The World Is Getting Smaller and Smaller13.1994年6月 My Ideal Job14.1995年1月 Can Money Buy Happiness?15.1995年6月 Advantages of a Job Interview16.1996年1月 The Two?Day Weekend17.1996年6月 Global Shortage of Fresh Water18.1997年1月 Practice Makes Perfect19.1997年6月 Getting to Know the World Outside the Cus20.1998年1月 Harmfulness of Fake modities21.1998年6月Do “Lucky Numbers” Really Bring Good Luck?22.1999年1月Don't Hesitate to Say “No”23.1999年6月 Reading Selectively or Extensively?24.2000年1月 How I Finance My College Education?25.2000年6月 Is a Test of Spoken English Necessary?26.2001年1月 How to Succeed in a Job Interview?27.2001年6月 A Letter to a Schoolmate28.2002年1月 A Letter to University President about the Canteen Serviceon Cus29.2002年6月 Student Use of puters30.2003年1月 It Pays to Be Honest31.2003年6月 An Eye?Witness Account of a Traffic Accident32.20xx年1月 A Letter in Reply to a Friend’s Inquiry33.20xx年6月 A Brief Introduction to a Tourist Attraction34.20xx年1月 A Caign Speech35.20xx年6月 Teacher?s Day36.20xx年1月 Should the University Cus Be Open to Tourism?37.20xx年6月 Volunteers Needed38.20xx年1月 Spring Festival Gala on CCTV39.20xx年6月 Wele to Our Club40.2021年1月 What Electives to Choose41.2021年6月 Recreational Activities42.2021年12月 Limiting the Use of Disposable Plastic Bag43.2021年6月 Free Admission to Museums44.2021年12月 Creating a Green Cus45.2021年6月 Due Attention Should Be Given to Spelling46.2021年12月 How Should Parents Help Children to Be Independent?47.2021年6月 Online Shopping48.2021年12月 Nothing Succeeds Without a Strong Will49. 20XX年6月 Excessive Packaging50.20XX年12月 Education Pays看过大学英语写作教程2的人还看了：1.大学英语写作教程怎么考试2.大学英语基础写作教程3.大学英语写作课怎么上4.大学英语记叙文的写作5.大学英语写作方法。
英语写作2课后答案
英语写作2课后答案英语写作2 课后答案Unit 13.1) A person can look for a job in several ways.2) Penguins resemble human beings in many respects.3) One’s personality plays an important role in foreign language learning.4) Living in a place where the weather is always warm has many advantages.4.Paragraph 1: All inventions are either basic inventions or improvements on earlier inventions. Paragraph 2: There was a serious accident in the chemistry lab yesterday.Paragraph 3: Nutritional deficiency is a major problem of the elderly.5.1) topic sentencesParagraph 1: The world had enjoyed many benefits from the invention of the telephone. Paragraph 2: I had a terrible morning today.2)sentences that do not support the topic sentence in the paragraphParagraph 1: Many people do not like writing letters to each other. And nowadays, the Internet has brought us more convenience.Paragraph 2: I heard that he was also very strict with his own children.6.Topic sentence: 5) Generally speaking, there are many attractions of living in a city.Logical sequence of the sentences: 5, 7, 4, 1, 6, 9, 8, 3, 2.7.(1) First of all(2) Secondly(3) By and by(4) In addition(5) In short8.1) repetition of key words : junk food, students2) use of transitional signals: for one reason, also, as a result, however3) use of pronouns: they, their, thisPart III Follow-up Exercises3.Topic sentence: When I was a child, we never varied our Christmas Eve ritual.1) , when 2) 3) As soon as 4) , 5) 6) Meanwhile, 7) Finally, 8) After 9), 10) and 11) Ad 12) , 13) Then 14) 15)4.Logical sequence of the sentences:4, 10, 5, 12, 3, 7, 15, 9, 14, 2, 11, 8, 13, 6, 1Topic sentence: My family spent two fun-filled days at Disney World last year.Concluding sentence: Although we were very tired at midnight, we agreed that our two-day vacation at Disney World was one of the best we had ever had.5.(1) Then (2) morning (3) afternoon (4) Then(5) After that (6) when (7) already (8) after6.The New Year celebration was so unforgettable for me when I was a child. Weeks before the New Year’s Day, my mother would let me help her send out New Year’s cards and go shopping with her. In the crowded markets, I bought firecrackers, like all the ot her kids. Then, beginning on New Year’s Eve, the sound of exploding firecrackers was everywhere, day and night. On New Year’s Day, I watched huge parades go by in the middle of the streets. People wearing costumes danced past us. Some o f them were playing instruments, some were having lion dances, and dragon dances.Afterwards, we worshiped our ancestors in a temple and visited friends and relatives to wish them happy.3.logical sequence of the sentence: 3, 6, 1, 4, 7, 5, 2Relationship: Primarily, the organization of the paragraph represents movement in geographical space.4.1) in above in front of under through behind2) The central focus is “a shocking experience.” To support the main idea, the writer uses a lot of descriptions and organizes these details according to the space relationship, and thus coherence is achieved.5.(1) into(2) crosses(3) In the center of(4) Outside(5) inside(6) On the front(7) over(8) down(9) lined with(10) At the rear6.This paragraph is developed in a circular order, i.e. from east to north, and then to south3.1) Pattern: description with supplementary explanations.2) the tableSteps of the processStep 1 Wooden casks are first interconnected and then stacked in tiers.Step 2 Young sherries are poured into the casks at the top wheras the mature sherries are drawn out of the casks at the bottom.Step 3 Different sherries are constantly mixed up.Result of the effortStep 1 noStep 2 One third of the content is drawn out of one cask in any one year.Step 3 Special characteristics of the different sherries are maintained year after year.4.(1) with(2) while(3) slowly(4) Gradually(5) with(6) By this time(7) Suddenly8) final(9) ending(10) applause5.Task OneProcedures of celebrating the festival:Step 1: Prepare and lay out food; make the special lanterns.Step 2: Keep dancing and singing overnight.Step 3: Throw the food and lanterns into a river or sea.Step 4: Watch the lanterns drifting way.Linking words and phrases that connect these procedures: Firstly, also, afterward, then, signals the endTask TwoA Festival for the Dead is held once a year in Japan. This festival is a cheerful occasion, for on this day, the dead are said to return to their homes and they are welcomed by the living. As they are expected to be hungry after their long journey, food is firstly prepared and laid out for them. Also prepared and specially made are the lanterns, which are hung outside each house to helpthe dead to find their way. Afterward people keep dancing and singing all night long till the early morning. Then the food that had been laid out for the dead is thrown into a river or into the sea as it is considered unlucky for anyone living to eat it. In towns that are near the sea, the tiny lanterns, which had been hung in the streets the night before, are placed into the water. This signals the end of the festival. Thousands of lanterns then slowly drift out to sea guiding the dead on their return journey to the other world. This is a moving spectacle, for crowds ofpeople stand on the shore watching the lanterns drifting away until they can be seen no more.6.According to the Chinese Lunar calendar, the 15th day of the eighth lunar month is the day for the Mid-Autumn Festival, and the day usually falls on one of the days in the latter half of Septem ber. For this occasion people need to buy moon cakes in advance. And when that evening comes with a full moon rising, Chinese families begin to have a big dinner together. The family members enjoy many delicacies, including sweet or salty moon cakes as well as some special food like taros and young soy beans. For those who are absent from the family, moon cakes have already been s ent to them days before. When the family enjoy all of these, they will look up at the full moon, ch atting or missing their faraway relatives or friends. For them, the full moon symbolizes “reunion.”Such feelings and scenes are fully expressed by a Chinese saying: the moon at home is exceptiona lly brighter.3.1) Paragraph A follows Pattern 2, which uses one extended example to illustrate the controlling idea. Paragraph B follows Pattern 1, which uses several examples to illustrate the topic sentence.2)The outline for paragraph B:Topic sentence: Working in an apple plant was the worst job I ever had.Examples:1. First of all, the work was physically hard.Specific details:1) For ten hours a night, I took cartons that rolled down a metal track and stacked them onto wooden skids in a tractortrailer.2) Each carton contained twelve 32-ounce cans or bottles of apple juice, and they were heavy.2. The second bad feature of the job was the pay.Specific details:I was getting the minimum wage at that time, $1.25 an hour, plus a minimum of a nickel extra for working the night shift.3. The worst feature of the apple plant job was the working conditions.Specific details:1) During work we were limited to two 10-minute breaks and an unpaid half-hour for lunch.2) The steel floors of the trucks were like ice; the quickly penetrating cold made my feet feel like stone.Concluding sentence: I felt humiliated by the poverty that forced me to do such a bitter job.4.Logical sequence of the sentences:3, 6, 1, 8, 2, 4, 7, 5,Pattern: It follows Patten 1 and uses many examples to illustrate the controlling idea.5.(1) For example (2) Furthermore (3) In still another instance(4) Even (5) his (6) these (7) contemporary6.Examples 2, 3 and 5 are relevant and specific. They are effective examples that can be used. Examples 1 and 7 are not specific, though relevant.Examples 4 and 6 are completely irrelevant. They don’t refer to a Massac husetts law.7.1) Topic sentence: I’ve never seen a girl as lazy as Arena.2) Topic sentence: English teachers are applying different means to teach English language.3) Topic sentence: Americans have been decreasing their working hours since the early 1900s.4) Topic sentence: My father has been a generous man to his children.3.Subject: RepublicClass: a form of governmentCharacteristics: in which power resides in the people (the electorate)Subject: WolfClass: a large, dog-like carnivorous mammalCharacteristics: with yellowish or brownish gray and coarse fur, erect pointed ears, and a bushy tailSubject: JazzClass: a style of musicCharacteristics: that features improvisation and performance Subject: persistenceClass: a kind of qualityCharacteristics: not giving up even during rough times4.1), 2) The expression “is where” and “is when” should not be used to begin the main part of a definition. The linking verb “is” sho uld be followed by a noun, a pronoun or an adjective. Improved: 1) A stadium is a structure or building in which sports spectaculars are held.2) Socialism is a theory or system of community organizationthat advocates the vesting of the ownership and control of the means of production, capital, land and so forth, in the community as a whole.3) This is a circular definition, a practice of defining a term with the term itself.Improved: Photosynthesis is the process by which plants use the energy of light to produce compounds, such as sugar and starch, from a number of substances including water and carbon dioxide.4) The subject is defined in a language equally or more complex than the original.Improved: Surreptitious means “secret.”5) Exemplification is mistaken for definition; the examples are good for clarification, but they do not define.Improved: Political conservatives are people who are dedicated to preserving the existing conditions, such as WilliamF. Buckley, Jr., and Pat Robertson.6) It is a generalization rather than a precise definition, for the concept is defined with characteristics without being first put under a class or category.Improved: Hearing aids are a kind of device which enables deaf people to hear sounds such as normal speech.5.Task OneLogical sequence of the sentences: 2, 1, 3, 5, 4, 6,Task Three-- The purpose of the paragraph is to explain a Spanish word which has no exact English equivalent.-- The two main characteristics of machismo are courageous behavior and earthy sexuality.-- “Also” is the transitional word that leads you from the first characteristic to the second one.6.a) Members of all social classes and people of all ages consider rude behaviors to be socially unacceptable, but the standard has changed over the years. For my grandmother, who was born before the turn of the century, it was rude to start eating before everyone else was served. It was also very rude for children or younger people to interrupt older people when they were speaking. For my dad, who grew up during the Depression and the Second World war, it was rude not to say hello to a clerk in the store, and he thought my brothers and I were rude when we made unfavorable remarks about him.b) Today, rudeness is not just a matter of forgetting small courtesies. Rudeness is also being impatient and pushy. When people cut into my lane when I am driving or shove in front of me in line, I get very angry.3.1) pattern: single effect and multiple causes.2) causes(1) got drunk at the party(2) had taken the drug of Accutane(3) adolescent depressionEffect:Bart Jr’s suicide4.Logical sequence of the sentences:2, 4, 1, 3, 6, 5,Pattern of cause and effect:single effect and multiple causes.5.Task one.Topic: Society itself may be producing the distortions of personality, mental illness, and emotional instability.Causes1) society’s compartmentalizing2) society’s competitive demands3) inability to rebelEffectDistortions of personality, etc.3..1) Topic: University Students’ EntertainmentTo pic sentence: University students’ entertainment can be divided into three categories according to where it takes place.Division:a) entertainment at homeb) entertainment on campusc) entertainment elsewhere2) Topic: Roles of Young Married Women in SocietyTopic sentence: The average young married woman in today’s society has her life divided into three different roles.Division:a) the role of lifeb) the role of motherc) the role of self3) Topic: NeighborsTopic sentence: Neighbors fall into three categories according to their different attitudes towards you.Division:a) those who are friendlyb) those who are indifferentc) those who hate you4.1) Out: firm, single basis: size2) Out: fatigue, single basis: field3) Out: Baptism, single basis: branch4) Out: seashore, single basis: time5..Logical sequence of the sentences:7, 3, 10, 9, 1, 5, 8 ,4, 2 ,11, 6,Subject: Christmas giftsTopic sentence: Christmas gifts can be divided into three groups, according to their after-Christmas fate.Division:a) those that are welcomed and put into use very soonb) those that are halfway between being hated and lovedc) those that you banish as soon as possible.Concluding sentence: By New Year’s Day, you have either used, stored or disposed of each of your Christmas gifts.6.(1) types (2) Though (3) Finally (4) however (5) Even though (6) Before (7) third (8) If(9) Then (10) these3.Pattern: point-by-pointSubject 1: Western HomesPoint:Room function: Each room has its own function.Table: Each home has several tables for different functions. Door: Western homes have fixed, hinged doors.Subject 2: Japanese HomesPoint:Room function: One room serves all the functions.Table: One low table serves all the purposes.Door: Japanese homes have lightweight sliding doors.4.Logical sequence of the sentences:5, 3, 6, 2, 4, 8, 7, 1Pattern of comparison and contrast: subject by subject5. Put the following words in the blanks; some can be used twice. (1) similar (2) although (3) difference (4) identical (5) again (6) while (7) But (8) difference (9) consistency (10) completely6.3.General Statement: The enormous importance of television news had started the process of change in the printed press.4.Paragraph one:At present, there has been profound change in mass media. In the magazine industry, for example, mass magazines have routinely been replaced by magazines aimed at very specific audience. Suburban, community, and neighborhood newspapers have boomed, while many large metropolitan newspapers have declined. Movies have gone after particular audiences and tastes. Mini-theaters attract small audiences. Network radio has been superseded by AM and FM stations aimed at very specific audiences. The CB radio boom is an example of the success of an extremely personal form of communication. Television is headed in the same direction. That can mean something for everyone—and an endless string of choices. In brief, each medium is moving toward more and more specialization.Paragraph Two:How have advertisements aff ected people’s lives?Radio commercials get millions of teenagers to shop for the products made “exclusively” for them. Similarly, magazine, advertisements, showing gorgeous models dressed in the latest style, convince women that they must buy a new wardrobe in order to remain fashionable. And newspapers, too, are filled with ads which stress the need to “buy now at bargain prices” everything form pills to major household appliances. Finally, TV programs, also, are interrupted every five minutes with commercials urging people to try a new detergent, to compare their brand of cigarettes with another, or to drink a different kind of beer. Thus, mass media advertising serves mass production by getting people to buy, buy and buy.5.A. Programs on TV tend to have a high level of maturity.(1) fostering maturity at early age or hindering maturity(2) misleading children to imitating scenes on TVB. TV serials or dramas may oversimplify complex social and psychological problems.(1) enjoying simple-minded soap operas and stereotyped characters(2) giving a false picture of realityC. Informative and cultural programs are frequently interrupted by vulgar advertising.(1) too many commercials(2) an insult even to the intelligence of a moronGeneralization: In brief, it is harmful and damaging forchildren to watch too much television.6.(1) Thus (2) When (3) also (4) however(5) Moreover (6) indeed (7) also (8) Yet(9) and (10) Thus3.The description centers on one trait of personality: Uncle Amo’s being ordinary and average in life.4.There are obviously three methods used: comparison (1), generalization (2, 4), and cause-effect3.4.1) For example, some people don’t like to stay at home after work.2) I once stopped drinking for a while.3) The world we live in is changing every day.4) And the price of tobacco has been going up on the international market.5) A lot of people have successfully given up smoking now.5.1) The thesis statement is “there are minor differences between them in three areas.” It is the second sentence in the first paragraph.3)By repetition of key words: difference, British English,American English.By using transitional words and phrases: in terms of, in addition to, second, third, generally speaking.6.Task One(1) usually (2) often (3) Since (4) on the other hand(5) also (6) but (7) AlthoughTask Two3.Sentences that tell: 1, 3, 6 Sentences that show: 2, 4, 55.Logical sequence of the sentences: 8, 3, 7, 1, 5, 9, 13, 2, 6, 12, 4, 11, 106.(1) While(2) in the morning(3) in the evening(4) While(5) until(6) while(7) before(8) at six o’clock(9) As soon as(10) Unfortunately(11) What’s more(12) After(13) the next morning(14) later(15) Luckily(16) until(17) at last3. Conclusion4.We used to go sled riding down in curving garden paths.Once my father wanted to buy the house and fix it up.In nice weather, we played pirates and outlaws in the lilac bushes.It was the favorite place to play in our neighborhood.5. 3, 2, 7, 1, 8, 5, 6, 46.1) cozy 2) soft 3) On one side of4) Next to 5) muted 6)On the other side of7) nap 8) orange 9) lighted 10)sizzling7.1) The writer employs the spatial order in his description.The opening sentence presents an image of both ends of the table, with the rest of the description organized from these points in space. Sentence 2 shows the progression of objects from the ends of the table to the center. Sentence 3 focuses on the objects in the middle of the table. Thus the reader can visualize the scene very vividly.2) The prepositional phrases of location and direction are:at one end of the table, at the other end of the table, on a bed of creased paper, round its shin, beside this, between these rival ends, on which lay bunches of purple raisins, on which lay a solid rectangle of Smyrna figs, in which stood some tall celery stalks, in the center of the table3) The verbs used are primarily static verbs, like “to be,”“lay,” and “stood,” which reinforce the spatial pattern and contribute to the central impression. They are effective for the purpose as the point of view is that of an observer who is close to the scene being described.3. Thesis statement : If blind people can sense color differences, then perhaps we, too, areaffected by colors unconsciously.Organizational structureParagraph 1: Introduction/Thesis statementParagraph 2: Supporting paragraphTopic: discoveries of manufacturersExamples: sugar, foods and cosmeticsParagraph 3: Supporting paragraphTopic: discoveries of experimentsExamples: red, blue, yellowParagraph 4: Conclusion: result of the discoveries4.1) The thesis statement is “Bones can provide archaeologists with a valuable method ofmeasuring time.” It is the first sentence in the first paragraph.2) The purpose is to inform.Methods of development :a) process of calcium collection in bones over long times;b) scientific deduction from the change in bones;c) example to support the thesis.3) Unity: by introducing the thesis ( information ) in the first paragraph, and explaining the keypoints involved in the information ( i.e. what calcium andcalcium-9 in bones are and how they come into being ) and how scientists can make use of them in the second paragraph, and finally citing an example to confirm the truth of the information.Coherence:a) by repetition of key words: bones, method, calcium, calcium,calcium-9, archaeologistsb) by use of transitional words and phrases: while, when, because, in comparisonto , actually, little by little5.1) confirmed 2) findings 3) than 4) Whereas 5) as6) if 7) together 8) lead to 9) where 10) adults6.Purpose: to inform drivers that they should keep the four-second rule instead of the two-second rule on highways in order to avoid collision or pileups.Topic 11) Most multiple-car pileups occur at speeds over 55 miles per hour.2) Their drivers may observe the famous two-second rule.3) This rule means to keep two seconds of traveling time behind the vehicle ahead. Topic 2 ( also thesis ): On highways drivers should use the four-second rule, not the two-second。
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写作教程2 课后题答案提示：页码有部分错误，但答案内容正确。
P2 . PART1Advantages : It is very convenient . You can make a call whenever and wherever you want to.It is especially helpful in an emergency .It saves time .You don't have to search for or await the turn for the public phone.You can always be reached when you are needed by others.In an information age ,it can help you to get the information you want in the quickest way.It may help you to grasp any chance to succeed.You can play games and surf the net through the phone........Disadvantages : It is quite expensiveIts radiation is harmful to healthAnswering calls in public places such as on a bus is embarrassingMaking or answering calls while driving isdangerousYou can always be reached by your parents or your bossIt may ring at the moment when you least want it toYou may receive calls from strangers or advertising companies and have to pay for them ..........P3. PART2have become increasingly violentis more and more important for young peopleis the kindest neighbour I have ever knownhas a profound effect on our healthP4. 2.too specificBritish English is different from American English in spelling3.This is not a sentence, but a fragmentDifferent countries have different customs4.too general,too emotionalThe local food is tasteless and greasyP7. Approach 1: For one thing, they should balance science and non-science courses so that they do not have too manytime-consuming labs.Approach 2:They should also try to get a mixture between subjects they find fairly easy and those that are difficult for them.Example 1: For instance,the student who dose well in history but expects to have a terrible time with calculus might plan on taking both in the same semester to balance the work load.Example 2: The student who dose not plan carefully and takes five tough courses the first term may wind up on scholastic probation.P11. 4 . Paragraph 1:All invention are either basic inventions or improvement on earlier inventions.Paragraph 2:There was a serious accident in the chemistry lab yesterday.Paragraph 3: Nutritional deficiency is a major problem of the elderly.5. Paragraph 1 : Topic sentence: 第一句无关句：Many people .....to each other. 和And nowadays,....more convenience.Paragraph 2: T S : 第一句无关句：I didn't st night 和I heard that .... own children.（1）First of all . (2) secondly (3)By and by (4) In addition(5)In shortP18 Paragraph B : Jack should not have taken the gymnastics course.he fell off the uneven bars and got a concussion.he sprained his ankle,after a bad landing off the balance beam.he broken the support beam in the basement of his parent's home,showing them his skills.he broke his thumb when he caught it on the bar the pommel horse.he fails the final exam in his gymnastics course.he failed to graduate due to the lack of two hours of physical education creditP19 T S: Some historians mark the course of the American Revolutionary War in three major periods.1. During the first phase of the conflict ,New English was the battleground,1)The Minutemen and the Redcoats fired the opening shots of the war at Lexington at dawn of April 19,17752) Shortly afterwards ,the New England colonists laid siegeto Boston .the location of the British headquarters.2.In the second phase of the war ,which began after the signing of the Declaration ,both the British and the American made important military gains.1)The British soldiers captured New York in the fall of 1776,and a year later they occupied Philadelphia.2)Meanwhile the Americans were able to seize New Jersey and Saratoga.3.The fighting moved to the west and south during the last phase.1) In 1778 and 1779 several battles occurred in Kentucky and Tennessee.2)Then two years later ,the final battle of the war was fought at Yorktown ,Virginia.P22 . 4: 排序：4 10 5 12 3 7 15 9 14 2 11 8 13 6 1T S：My family spent two fun-filled days at Disney World last year.P23. 5.(1)Then (2) morning (3)afternoon (4)Then (5)After that (6)when (7)already (8)afterP33. 3. 排序：3614752 Relationship : Primarily, the organization of the paragraph represents movement in geographical space.P34 5. (1)into (2) crosses (3) In the center of (4) Outside (5)inside (6) On the front (7)over (8)down (9)lined with (10) At the rearP46 4. (1)with (2)while (3)slowly (4)Gradually (5)with (6)By this time (7)Suddenly (8)final (9) ending (10) applause5. Prepare and lay out food;make the special lanternsKeep dancing and singing overnightThrow the food and lanterns into a river or seaWatch the lanterns drifting wayP52 . T S : Working as a cook at the Venture Inn is the best job i have ever had.Reasons: 1. I have a steady fort-hour workweek ,along witha chance for overtime if i want it.2.I can eat whatever i like ,and i get a chance to take steak and sometimes lobster home to my wife.3.I don't have any big hassle with my boss;if i have to report late or skip a day now and then,all she asks is thati call her in advance4. They pay is very good ,averaging close to $200 the weeks that i work overtime5. The job is seasonal.P57. 3. T S : Working in an apple plant was the worst job iever had.Examples :1: First of all,the work was physically hardSpecific details:1)For ten hours a night ,i took cartons that rolled down a metal track and stacked them onto wooden skids in a tractor trailer.2)Each carton contained twelve 32-ounce cans or bottles of apple juice,and they were heavy2: The second bad feature of the job was the paySpecific details:I was getting the minimum wage at that time ,$1.25an hour,plus a minimum of a nickel extra for working the night shift.3: The worst feature of the apple plant job was the working conditions.Specific details:1) During work we were limited to two 10-minute breaks and an unpaid half-hour for lunch2)The steel floors of the trucks were like ice ;the quickly penetrating cold made my feet feel like stone.Concluding S : I felt humiliated by the poverty that forced me to do such a bitter job.P58 4.Pattern : It follows Pattern 1 and uses many examples to illustrate the controlling idea.5. (1) For example (2)Furthermore (3)In still another instance (4)Even (5)his (6)these (7)contemporaryP59 7. 1) I've never seen a girl as lazy as Arena2) English teachers are applying different means to teach the English language3)Americans have been decreasing their working hours since early 1900s4)My father has been a generous man to his children P70 5. 排序：213546explain a Spanish word which has no exact English equivalentcourageous behaviour earthy sexualityP76 Cause: 1. Over a million cars are abandoned on the streets3.Both city governments or governmental agencies have financial headachesEffect: lack of parking in citiesP78 Cause: the terrorist strikesEffects: 1. The Americans feel very anxious and panicky3. The public would wind up ignoring the one warning that really matters.P82 2) Cause : (1) got drunk at the party(2)had taken the drug of Accutane(3)adolescent depressionEffect : Bart Jr.'s suicide4. 排序：241365 Pattern of cause and effect: single effect and multiple causesP88 sample 1 subject: the time most students spend studying for a testTopic sentence: The time most students spend studying for a test can be divided into three distinct phases.Division；1）Phase One runs from the day the test is announced to approximately forty-eight hours before the exam is passed out.2)Phase two is entered two days prior to the test.3)Phase three ,the final phase ,is entered twelve hours before “Zero Hour.”Sample 2 : subject: students in our schoolTopic sentence: students in our school fall into three groups according to their different intentions of taking part in sports.Division :1) students who go to the playground when they feel tired after study.2) real sports lovers who even put aside their studies for a game. P93 3. 1) T S: University students' entertainment can be divided into three categories according to where it takes placeDivision: a) entertainment at homeb) entertainment on campusc) entertainment elsewhere2)T S: The average young married woman in today's society has her life divided into three different roles.Division: a)the role of wifeb)the role of motherc)the role of self3) T S : Neighbours fall into three categories according to their different attitudes towards youDivision:a)those who are friendlyb)those who are indifferentc)those who hate youP94 5: 排序：7 3 10 9 1 5 8 4 2 11 6 Subject: Christmas giftsT S : Christmas gifts can be divided into three groups ,according to their after-Christmas fateDivision: a)those that are welcomed and put into use very soonb)those that are halfway between being hated and lovedc)those that you banish as soon as possibleConcluding S : By New Year's Day, you have either used ,stored or disposed of each of your Christmas gifts6. (1)types (2)Though (3) Finally (4)however(5)Even though (6)Before (7)third (8)If(9)Then (10)theseP106 4.Pattern of comparison and contrast: subject by subjectP107 5. (1)similar (2)although (3)difference (4)identical (5)again (6)while (7)But (8)difference (9)consistency (10)completelyP114 paragraph B: First statement :The invention of movable type made the mass media possible.Supporting details: Large numbers of people could have access to learning.Second statement :Television brought a second revolution by means of the media .Supporting details: Television made experiences available tomassive numbers of people.Millions could watch a president being sworn in or buried ,a spaceship launched .An Olympic race run ,comedies or talk shows at the same time . Third statement :You ,through the medium of television ,will be a member of a “global villages”.Supporting details ；In the future , this revolution in both information and experiences will spread to the far reaches of the world and even to outer space. Ultimately, you will be able to see and talk instantly to anyone else in the world.General statement : Technology will take a leading role in the media future as it always has in the past.P118 3. The enormous importance of television news had started the process of change in the printed pressP119 5 .A : Programs on TV tend to have a high level of maturity(1) fostering maturity at early age or hindering maturity(2)misleading children to imitating scenes on TVB: TV serials or dramas may oversimplify complex social and psychological problems.(1)enjoying simple-minded soap operas and stereotyped characters(2)giving a false picture of realityC:Informative and cultural programs are frequently interrupted by vulgar advertising.(1)too many commercials(2)an insult even to the intelligence of a moron P120 6.(1)Thus (2)When (3)also (4)however (5)Moreover (6)indeed (7)also (8)Yet (9) and (10)ThusP139 sample 2P145 3. Gambling is the root cause of many social problemsThe future of education lies in the innovation of educational technologyViolence on television has a negative impact on children's view of societyWomen should be given equal opportunities in education and career developmentEfforts should be made to preserve natural beauty in developing local tourismP147 6. (1)usually (2)often (3)Since (4)on the other hand (5)also (6)but (7)AlthoughP158 5.排序：8 3 7 1 5 9 13 2 6 12 4 11 106: 1.While 2.in the morning 3. in the evening 4.While 5.until 6.while 7.before 8.at six o'clock 9.As soon as 10.Unfortunately 11.What's more 12.After 13.the next morning 14.next 15. Luckily 16.until 17.at lastP173 6: (1)cozy (2)soft (3)On one side of the room (4)Next to (5)muted (6)On the other side of (7)nap (8)orange(9)lighted (10)sizzlingP183 3. T S: If blind people can sense color differences ,then perhaps we, too,are affected by colors unconsciouslyParagraph 1 : (Introduction/thesis statement)Paragraph 2: (Supporting paragraph) Topic:discoveries of manufacturers Examples: sugar,foods and cosmeticsParagraph 3:(Supporting paragraph) Topic: discoveries of experiments Examples: red,blue,yellowParagraph 4: (Conclusion:result of the discoveries)P184 5 . (1)confirmed (2)findings (3)than (4)whereas(5)as (6)if (7)together (8)lead to (9)where (10)adultsP185 6.Purpose:to inform drivers that they should keep the four-second rule instead of the two second rule on highways in order to avoid collision or pileupsTopic 1.1) speeds over 55miles per hour 3) keep two seconds ahead when drivingTopic 2. On highways drivers should use the four-second rule ,not the two second rule 1) The distance needed to stop a car shouldTopic 3.1)over the last half of the stopping distance 2)Some practical examples are given 3)For greater details the reader may refer to the attached table to determine the right time allowed to avoid accidentsP199 4.(1)However (2)open (3)too (4)because (5)as a result (6)Secondly (7)unless (8)even(9)prolong (10)delays (11)benefitsMain proposition: I am not completely satisfied with the family doctor systemMinor propositions: 1. Doctors' office hours are inconvenient2.There are delays in seeing a doctorSolution: 1.to prolong doctors' surgery hours2.for doctors to share patients。