英剧《是,首相》中的委婉语分析

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BBC英剧经典《是,首相》精选经典语录

BBC英剧经典《是,首相》精选经典语录

BBC英剧经典《是,首相》精选经典语录BBC经典英剧《是,首相》描述了哈克,在汉弗莱与阿诺德的操纵下,成为大不列颠首相后的生活,非常的诙谐有趣。

也许是因为首相的权利更大一些,也许是编剧们觉得哈克做大臣时实在太憋屈,在这两季中,哈克终于也能时不时地让狡猾的汉弗莱爵士吃一吃瘪了。

我在反复欣赏中,真心觉得汉弗莱“老练,迷人,狡猾”,他那种揶揄的笑容实在是太有感染力了;伯纳德则是忠心耿耿,却也不失圆滑;哈克拥有政客的基本素质,但也有点“天真无邪”的感觉….啊,闷油瓶你在哪里?YPM S1 E01 The Grand Design 大展宏图哈克搬入了唐宁街10号,自信满满,满脑子都是丘吉尔…(话说我一直很粉唐宁街十号的大门,尤其是看《小不列颠》时,那个纠结到死的门卫给我留下了深刻印象。

)哈克在汉弗莱和伯纳德陪同下参观国防部(Ministry ofDefence)。

注意,他们的小黑车开到路边直接停下,首相走出来。

周围没有戒严,只有一个保镖,群众来往自如,真是纯洁啊~本集中嘲笑了军队,而哈克被”press the bottom”这个问题搞得很痛苦…Quote 1哈克:告诉我,将军,热线在哪里?将军:哪一条?哈尔:连接俄国的哪一条。

伯纳德(忍不住又纠正了):The Red hotline, sir.将军(不爽地看了他一眼):在唐宁街。

哈克:那紧急情况下,我能直接接通苏联主席吗?将军:理论上是可以的。

哈克:理论上?将军:…我们是这门跟记者说的。

(揶揄地笑)…确实接通过一次克林姆林宫,那边是个接线员。

哈克:他不能把电话转过去吗?将军:不知道,他的英语不好….(好冷)Jim Hacker: 'Tell me, General, where is the Hot Line?'General Howard: 'Which one?'Jim Hacker: 'The one to Russia.'Bernard Woolley: 'The Red Hot Line, Sir.'General Howard: 'That's in Downing Street.'JimHacker: 'So in an emergency, I can get straight through to theSoviet President?'General Howard: 'Theoretically, yes.'Jim Hacker: 'Theoretically?'General Howard: 'That's what we tell journalists. In fact, we didonce get through to the Kremlin, but only to a switchboardoperator.'Jim Hacker: 'Couldn't the operator put you through?'General Howard: 'We never found out. He didn't seem to speak muchEnglish.'哈克在得知英国只能拖住俄国人72小时之后,心中非常担忧。

英剧《是首相》中的委婉语分析

英剧《是首相》中的委婉语分析

文学评论·影视文学英剧《是,首相》中的委婉语分析彭军 长春理工大学摘 要:委婉语是为了达到理想的交际效果而采用的一种策略,具有重要的交际功能。

本文以经典英剧《是,首相》为语料,对其中的委婉语做了具体分析。

以期使观众更好地理解剧中巧妙的语言运用。

关键词:《是,首相》;委婉语;分析作者简介:彭军(1993-),女,汉,河北邢台人,长春理工大学英语语言文学研一硕士在读,研究方向为英语教学与语言学。

[中图分类号]:J8 [文献标识码]:A[文章编号]:1002-2139(2017)-18-144-01一、引言委婉语是人类社会普遍存在的一种语言现象,指在特定的言语交际环境制约或作用下,为适应社会文化传统规范、风俗习惯和交际主体的心理需要,表达者不直言其事或直说本意,而选用具有与直接语所指或含义相同的语言手段或言语手段来替代或转换表达。

简言之,在日常生活中为了达到有效甚至高效交际,人们往往用一些模糊的、令人愉快的或礼貌的表达方式以避免一些话语所引起的人们情绪上或心理上的不适,这种语言现象就是委婉表达法。

委婉语作为一种社会文化现象,渗透在日常生活的方方面面。

本文拟从《是,首相》这一语料出发,探讨委婉语这一普遍存在的语言文化现象, 进一步揭示委婉语的内在结构和重要性。

二、委婉语在《是,首相》中的体现1.关于神灵的委婉语。

剧中首相的言语比较直白,语气也较为随意,语气词运用较多。

在第一季第一集中,首相用blimey来表达他对电报机用途的惊讶。

以及在第一季第二集中用good lord来体现其民调中反对征兵的人数的百分比。

实际上这两个委婉语都是由My God发展而来,这些委婉语传达给人的信息是:上帝的名字是神圣的。

在英语中,God, Gosh, Our Father等词语都可以拿来描述上帝。

2.关于体型和外貌的委婉语。

人们通常会采用较为委婉的语言对人的身体进行描述,如用 slim代替bony lady,用plump形容过于肥胖的人。

是,首相Yes,PrimeMinister第2季第5集中英对照台词剧本

是,首相Yes,PrimeMinister第2季第5集中英对照台词剧本

还政于民Morning. Morning.早安伯纳早安首相You have to leave for the TV studiosin five minutes.您要在5分钟内去电视摄影棚I'm ready.我准备好了Do you remember what the interview's about?您还记得访谈的内容吗?Local government.地方政府The one thing I can do nothing about.唯一一件我无处下手的事These wretched councils are run by a bunch of corrupt morons 这些可恶的政务委员会都由一群腐败的who are too clever by half.耍小聪明的白痴管理The most a moron can be is less clever by half.有小聪明就不叫白痴了These councillors are democratically elected.这些委员不都是民主选举出来的吗?Depends how you define democracy.那要看你怎么定义"民主"了Only about 25% of people vote in a local election.只有约25%的人在地方选举时投了票Those who do regard it as a popularity pole投票也只把它当成支持率调查for the real leaders in Westminster.给中央政府做参考的But councillors are still representatives.但那些地方委员也还是民意代表Who do they represent?他们代表谁呀?Nobody knows who their councillor is.没人知道自己的委员是谁Do you know who yours is?你知道你的委员是谁吗?No. Well, no, of course you don't.不知道你当然不会知道The councillors know this,那些委员也都清楚so they spend four totally unaccountable years所以他们4年都胡来一气on a publicly subsidised ego trip.拿着公款沽名钓誉They ruin the inner cities, let the schools fall to bits,他们扰乱内城区把学校搞垮they demoralise the police and undermine law and order,打击警察士气削弱法律权威then blame me.最后就来怪我Will you say that? I've just said it. Didn't you hear me?您要这么说吗? 没听到我刚说了吗?No, I mean on television.不我是说在电视上Of course not. It'd make me sound intolerant.当然不会那样显得我没肚量Houndsworth Council leader, Agnes Moorhouse,豪兹维斯区委员长该死的艾格尼丝-莫豪threatens to withhold police funds威胁要扣留给警察的拨款and ban them from council property.并禁止他们使用政府房产She can't do that. Section 5 of the Police Act, 1964.她不能这样 1964年警务法案第5条规定Councils must provide an adequate and efficient police force. "区政府必须保质保量提供警力" 上面写着She says that until the police force is 50% black,她说除非警员队伍有50%黑人it can't be adequate or efficient.否则既不够质也不够量She can't prove that. Unfortunately, her own police force 她怎么证明不幸的是她治下的警察is the most inadequate and least efficient in the country.无论质和量在全国都排倒数第一Everybody's terrified that she will prove it.大家都担心上了法庭她能证明出来Humphrey, we've got to do something about Agnes Moorhouse.汉弗莱我们得对这个莫豪有所动作Her borough's practically a no go area. Indeed.她的辖区已经完全成了禁区的确What? How about a strongly worded letter?现在怎么办? 写封措词严厉的信如何?And get a more strongly worded letter in reply,然后收到一封措词更严厉的信copied to the newspapers? Asking for trouble.还抄送给报社? 这不是自找麻烦吗Draw her attention to the law. She is a lawyer.拿法律对付她? 她是个律师Getting round the law is what she's paid for.钻法律空子正是她的看家本领Why not just ignore her?那干脆不理她?Have everyone say I'd handed over control of the inner cities 让大家说我把市镇控制权拱手让给to the militant loonies?那些激进分子吗?She's a wild woman, Humphrey.这女人是个疯子汉弗莱No, someone's got to have a word with her.不必须得有人跟她谈谈Point out the security implications. A law officer?讲讲安全问题检察官?No. Can't be a political confrontation. Has to be an official.不不能是政治对抗必须是行政人员Somebody with responsibility for security.必须是负责保安事务的人Somebody with responsibility...必须是负责...No, no, no, no, Prime Minister, no! She's a monster!不不首相不行她是个大怪兽No, i i it's up to Scotland Yard, the Home Office,不不这事归警察厅内政部the Security Branch, er, Special Branch, I mean, the...the Ml5,安全局...我是说特工局....军情五处the Lord Chancellor, Department of the Environment...大法官环境部...The White Fish Authority? White Fish... No, no, no!白鳕鱼管理局? 白鳕鱼...不不Don't you coordinate the security services?安全部门不是你负责的吗Yes, yes...是是Or should we give that job to someone else?或者我们该换个人来负责?No, no, no, no, no.不不不That's agreed, then. A quiet word.就这么定了去跟她私下谈谈Come to a gentlemen's agreement.达成君子协议But she's not a gentleman!可她不是君子She's not even a lady!她连淑女都算不上I want YOU to handle her. Come on.我要你来对付她走吧伯纳Handle her?对付她?Come in.进来Agnes Moorhouse to see you, Sir Humphrey. Right.艾格尼丝-莫豪来了汉弗莱爵士好吧Oh, my dear lady, how very nice to meet you.亲爱的女士见到你真高兴Come in. Won't you come and sit down? Now...请进坐这边好吗?Um... right... Would you get Miss Moorhouse a cup of tea.好吧能不能帮莫豪小姐倒杯茶?Or is it Mrs Moorhouse?或者是莫豪夫人?Is my marital status really your concern? Er, no, no.你很关心我的婚姻状况吗? 不不It's just... You know,只是...你知道I was just... worried about whether the... er...我只是担心呃...Er, would you get... her a cup of tea?呃你能...帮她倒杯茶吗?What should I call you? Ms Moorhouse?我该怎么称呼你呢莫豪小姐吗Call me Agnes. What shall I call you?叫我艾格尼丝我该怎么叫你...well, you can call me Sir Humphrey.你可以叫我汉弗莱爵士Now, my dear lady...那么亲爱的女士I'm not your "dear lady".我不是你"亲爱的女士"Don't patronise me and cut out the sexist crap, OK?少来这套伪绅士的废话了好吗?Er... OK, Agnes.好吧艾格尼丝I wanted us to have this meeting so we could try我约你见面是觉得我们该交流一下and understand one another.促进共识I'm sure we're in agreement. Really?这当然是不谋而合的是吗?You have your own views about how Britain should be run,显然你对治理国家有自己的一套but I'm sure we agree on a fundamental basis但我相信我们俩都同意根本上要of order and authority.保证秩序和政府权威That's half true. Half true?说对一半一半?You agree, I don't. But it's obvious!你同意我不同意可这很明显啊if you've got it made under this system,很明显你用现行体制立了法you use authority to preserve your privileges.是想用政府权威维护你的特权What about the homeless, the unemployed, the poor?可那些流浪汉失业者和穷人呢?I know all about them.艾格尼丝我了解他们Really? What do you know?真的你了解什么?I've read all the published papers.我看过所有发表的报告I've seen all the statistics.所有统计数据所有官方汇报Believe me, dear lady... Agnes, I... I...相信我亲爱的女士...艾格尼丝我...I do know all about them. Fine.我真的了解他们好呀What does half a pound of margarine cost?半磅黄油要多少钱?What? What does half a pound of margarine cost?什么? 半磅黄油要多少钱?Oh... er... How should I know? Er... 20p.呃我怎么知道...2毛20p?! 2.40! I don't know!2毛? 2块4吧我不知道Right. Why should you?就是你怎么会知道?What time do Social Security offices open?社保局几点开门呢?How long can you run a one bar fire一台单杠式取暖器with 50 pence in the meter?5毛钱可以跳多少表?I'm not entirely sure I follow.我不太明白你在说什么If you knew that,你当然不知道如果你知道you wouldn't agree about using authority to support the system.你就不会同意用政府来支撑制度I do understand. I do sympathise.我能理解我也同情帮人脱贫功德无量啊But we haven't the resources to achieve that.但我们真的没有资源来实现Who hasn't?谁没有?The nation. Really?国家真的吗?Does this desk belong to the nation? This china?这张桌子是国家的吗? 这件陶瓷?Porcelain. Porcelain.是白瓷白瓷These portraits? Or are they your own?这些画是国家的? 要么是你私人的?They're government property.这些是政府财产Oh, good. They should fetch about what? 80,000.很好这些东西可以卖...差不多8万吧?That'll keep 20 one parent families for a year.足够20个单亲家庭过1年了What about your salary?你的工资呢?That has nothing to do with it!这与此无关Good, then we'll have that, too.很好也一起划过来Leave you ?00 a week. That's 70,000 a year for the needy.给你每周100元又给需要的人每年省出7万My salary is merely part of a complex economic structure.我的工资是经济综合结构的一部分We'll simplify it.好呀我们把它简单化After all, you don't want to make a profit毕竟你也不是为了发财out of serving your country, do you?才为国效力的对吧?Ah, tea.啊茶来了Over here, Eileen. Um...这边艾琳How very nice. Thank you so much. Shall I be mother?太好了非常感谢要我做东道吗?Tell me, um... Agnes...告诉我艾格尼丝...this policy of yours of only allowing free range eggs 你有一条政策你辖区内只允许出售to be sold in your borough, how does this help poverty?放养鸡下的蛋这能改善贫困吗?Animals have rights too, you know.动物也有权利懂吗A battery chicken's life isn't worth living.圈养鸡一辈子生不如死Would you want to spend your life packed in你愿意一辈子跟600名with 600 other squawking, smelly creatures,吵吵闹闹臭烘烘的生灵挤在一起吗?unable to breathe fresh air, unable to move,无法呼吸新鲜空气无法移动unable to think?无法伸展无法思考?Certainly not.当然不愿意That's why I never stood for Parliament.所以我从不参选议员Sugar? No, thank you.要糖吗? 不用谢谢Now, let's turn to this matter of the police.好谈谈警察问题吧You want to withhold funds from the police,你想要扣留警察的拨款ban them from council property,禁止他们使用政府房产sack the Chief Constable, and allow several no go areas.解雇警察局长再设立一些禁区That's it. But can't you see没错但你难道不明白that an adequate police enforcement is in all our interests?充足的警力对我们大家都有好处?And it is especially in the interestsof all those poor,尤其能照顾到那些贫困的ordinary folk who dwell in the high crime housing estates.住在高犯罪率区域的平民I don't accept that.恕难苟同Oh, you want them to be in danger of being mugged你想让他们处在被抢劫强奸and raped and bombed?被土炸弹炸死的危险当中吗Can't be helped.这是没有办法的事But this could lead to the overthrow可这会最终颠覆of our system of government, our way of life!我们的政府体制我们的整个生活方式Yours, not theirs.是你的不是他们的You would be happy to abolish Parliament? Yes.那么你乐意把议会废除掉? 是的The courts? Yes.还有法院? 是的The monarchy?! Of course.君主制呢? 当然了Perhaps you'd like to burn down my office!既然你在兴头上还想烧了我的办公室吧That matches are over here!火柴在这里No, certainly not. Why?不当然不想了为什么?I may need it.也许我用得上You know that Agnes Moorhouse woman? Yes?你知道那个女人艾格尼斯-莫豪吗? 怎么?I told Humphrey to have a word with her.我让汉弗莱去找她谈谈Interesting experiment.有趣的尝试He says it went well, but he didn't want to talk about it 他说谈得不错但又不愿多说and had four whiskies in ten minutes.只在10分钟里干掉了4大杯威士忌What is it about local government?这些地方政府怎么回事?I've had trouble with the town hall.我刚跟市政厅闹了一场They've cancelled the old people's Christmas party.他们把老年人圣诞派对取消了Why? New staff overtime agreements.为什么? 跟新员工加班协议有关"It's your husband's fault."都是你丈夫的错哈克夫人"Tell him to give us the money""你让他给我们钱""and you can have the party.""就让你们开派对"Every piece of stupidity and incompetence好呀全国所有市政厅的所有蠢事in every town hall in Britain is blamed on me.和不作为行为都怪在我身上That'll be Dorothy.准是多萝西I asked her up here to have a word about that very thing.我叫她过来谈谈这件事Dorothy, come in.多萝西进来吧Come and sit down.过来坐吧Now, tell me, what is wrong with local government?你告诉我地方政府到底什么毛病?Well, it's a them and us situation.嗯这是种非敌既我的状况The local authority ought to be us.地方执政者应该是我们Us the people or us the government?我们人民还是我们中央政府?In a democracy that ought to be the same thing.在民主制度下应该是一样的啊We all know it isn't.我们都知道不是的I mean us, the people.不我是说我们人民They ought to be running things for us.应该服务我们是我们一份子可他们不是But they're running things for them.只为他们自己做事For their power, their convenience and their benefit.为他们的权力便利和利益I know that. So what's the answer?这我知道那该怎么办Fight them. No. Make them us.对抗他们不让他们变成我们How do you mean?怎么说?How do you stop a major government project?假设你要阻止一个大型政府项目你怎么办?Join the Civil Service.找公务员配合If you're an ordinary person.不我是说如果你是个普通人I can't remember what that was like.我不记得当平民是什么感觉了Judging from opinion polls, you'll soon find out.照民意测验来看你就快知道了Just imagine you're an ordinary person, Jim.想象你是个平头百姓吉姆Well, I'll try.好我试试Imagine you want to stop a road widening scheme假设要扩宽道路或者建机场or an airport being built. What do you do?要拆迁你的房子你会怎么办?Write to your MP. That does the trick?给你的议会代表写信这有用吗?Of course not, but that's what ordinary people do当然没用可普通人就是这么做的'cause ordinary people are stupid.因为普通人都是笨蛋Is that why they elected you?这就是为什么他们选你吧?Stop barracking, darling, please.别拆我台亲爱的谢谢I'm trying to understand what Dorothy's driving at.我正试着理解多萝西的见解呢Ordinary people form a group普通人会组成一个组织to fight official plans they don't want来与不利的官方计划对抗and this group represents the local people.由这个组织代表所有当地人This group is different from the local authority它跟地方政府不一样because the local authority doesn't really represent因为地方政府并不代表the local people. Why not?当地人民为什么?Councillors are all drawn from tiny local parties.因为政务委员都是地方小团体人士When a local community really cares about an issue,当一个社区真的重视某个问题they form a committee, and then they talk to people他们组成一个委员会然后上街in the supermarkets and on the doorstep.去超市或挨家挨户游说They drum up support and raise money.争取支持争取资金And this money isn't like the rates.而这些钱跟政府收费不同It's spent on what people actually want it spent on.它们会被用在人们希望用的地方I bet ordinary people would like我打赌本地的百姓都乐意the old folks to have a Christmas party.让老年人开个圣诞派对The town hall would rather have a new town hall当然可市政厅宁愿要幢新大楼or a councillors' fact finding mission to the Bahamas.或者让委员们去巴哈马岛公费考察What do you do? It's obvious. Abolish them.那该怎么办? 很明显呀废除他们Invest all power in the central government.把权力都揽到中央政府That's exactly what Humphrey would say. See? What?这正是汉弗莱的主张是吧什么?Jim, you've completely missed the point吉姆你完全没领会of everything I've been saying.我说的意思啊The idea is to return power to ordinary people我的意思是要还政于民and take it away from the town hall machine.而不让市政机器霸占Make local government genuinely accountable.使得地方政府真正负起责任来Yes, but how?对可怎么做?It's all in an article in this month's "Political Review"本月<政治评论>上有篇文章规划好了by Professor Marriott.作者叫马里奥教授Now, you create little voting districts.办法是多多设立小选区200 or so households electing每200户人家选出their own little parish council, a city village.自己的行政委员会化城为村The chairman of this little parish council这个行政委员会的主席is their representative on the local authority.就是他们在地方政府中的代表You'd have about 500 councillors to each borough.那每个镇区就有500个委员了That's right. So they'd elect an executive council.没错然后他们再选出个执行委员会The local authority would have a parliament and a cabinet.这样地方政府就有了议会和内阁Parliament don't elect the Cabinet. We don't want that.不能让议会选内阁不能这样That'd be taking participation to extreme lengths.这样参与性就强过头了These councils would.这些委员会就这样Each councillor would be in door to door contact每一个议员就能与他左邻右舍with the people who voted for him.选他的人保持紧密联系Dorothy, this could be like the Great Reform Act of 1832.多萝西这简直是1832年议会改革法案These councils are like old rotten boroughs.这些委员会就像当年的不平等选区Half a dozen people deciding六七个人就可以决定who'll be in the town hall for the next four years.未来4年市政厅的领导Precisely. And I shall be the great reformer!没错而伟大的改革家就是我Hacker's Reform Bill. I shall introduce it myself.<哈克改革法案> 应该由我亲自颁布The power of this country does not lie in这个国家的权力不出自offices and institutions, it lies in the stout hearts办公室和机关它出自每个英国子民and strong wills of the yeomen of Britain!坚强的意志和心灵之中Women have the vote, too!女人也投票啊The yeowomen of Britain.还有英国女子民Yeopersons. Yeopeople? No.平民平头百姓? 不行...the people of this island race.这个岛国的人民On their broad and wise shoulders...他们宽厚而睿智的肩膀...You can't have wise shoulders.肩膀怎么能睿智呢On their broad shoulders and wise hearts... heads...他们宽厚的肩膀和睿智的心灵...头脑In their wise heads lies our destiny.我们的未来蕴藏在他们睿智的头脑中We must give back power to the people!我们必须还政于民And I shall be the one to introduce this... um...我应当亲自颁布这个...What shall I call this new scheme?这个新计划取什么名呢?Democracy?民主?YES请进You wanted to see me? Oh, yes, Bernard.汉弗莱爵士您找我? 是的伯纳Bernard, I want to have a word with you伯纳我想跟你谈谈about Professor Marriott's article.马里奥教授的文章I think it's time we reformed local government.对我觉得地方政府是该改革了Do you?是吗伯纳?Yes.是的At least I think I did.至少我觉得我同意That is, I'm not wholly against it.就是说我并不是太反对Although there are many... convincing,尽管也有很多...有力的some might say conclusive, arguments against it.有人认为很有见地的反对意见Some might indeed, Bernard.确实是有人伯纳Yes. Why?对为什么Because once you create伯纳因为一旦你开创了genuinely democratic local communities, it won't stop there.真正民主的地方社区就不会到此为止Won't it? Well, of course it won't.不会吗? 当然不会You see, once they get established,你想想这些机构一旦成立they'll insist on more power.他们必将争取更大权力Politicians will be too frightened to withhold them,政治家们将不敢不放权so you'll get regional government.于是就形成了地区小政府Would that matter? Bernard, come and sit down.这有问题吗? 伯纳过来坐下What happens at the moment if there is伯纳假设今时今日some vacant land in, say, Nottingham在诺丁汉有了一块空地and there are rival proposals for its use有几个方案争着要用它hospital, college, airport?要建医院学校或机场呢?We set up an inter departmental committee.我们设一个部门联席委员会Health, Education, Transport, Environment.卫生部教育部交通部环境部Ask for papers, hold meetings, propose,要求他们打报告开些会交提案discuss, revise, report back, re draft.讨论修正再打报告重拟提案Precisely. Months of fruitful work.非常正确数个月卓有成效的工作Leading to a mature and responsible conclusion.最终达成一个成熟且负责任的结论But if you have regional government,但如果有个地区政府they decide it all in Nottingham!他们在诺丁汉就可以决定Probably in a couple of meetings! Complete amateurs!也许开几个会就完了相当地不专业It is their city. And what happens to us?可那是他们的地区那我们怎么办?Well, much less work.工作量大幅减少Yes, much less work!对工作量大幅减少So little that ministers might be able to do it on their own,少到几个大臣自己就能完成了so we'd have much less power!我们会失去很多的权力I don't know if I want power.我不确定我想不想要权力If the right people don't have power,伯纳德如果该掌权的人不掌权know what happens?你知道会怎样吗?The wrong people get it!不该掌的人就掌权了Politicians, councillors, ordinary voters!政客们委员们普通选民们But aren't they supposed to in a democracy?但在民主制度下这不是天经地义吗?This is a British democracy, Bernard! How do you mean?我们是英式民主伯纳这怎么说?British democracy recognises that you need a system英式民主认为我们需要有个体制to protect the important things of life保护生活中重要的东西and keep them out of the hands of the barbarians!保证它们不落到化外之民手上Things like the opera...比如说歌剧...Radio 3...BBC广播3台...the countryside... the law...英国乡间法律...the universities.还有大学Both of them.两所都算 (牛津和剑桥)And we are that system. Gosh!而我们就是这个体制天啊We run a civilised, aristocratic government machine我们运作一个文明的贵族的政府机器tempered by occasional general elections.偶尔由普选调节一下Since 1832, we have been gradually从1832年议会改革起我们已经逐渐excluding the voter from government.将普通选民排除出政府系统Now we've got them to a point现在我们已经达到了where they just vote once every five years只让他们每5年选举一次的地步for which buffoons will try to还是有些小丑利用这个途径interfere with OUR policies干涉我们的政策and you are happy to see all that thrown away?而你倒很乐意把这一切都抛弃?Well, no, no, I didn't mean...不不我不是说...Bernard, do you want the Lake District伯纳你愿意看到湖区turned into a gigantic caravan site?变成一大片房车营地吗?The Royal Opera House into a bingo hall?皇家歌剧院变成赌场大厅呢?The National Theatre into a carpet sale warehouse?国家剧院变成地毯超市呢?Well, it looks like one, actually.其实看上去挺像的We gave the architect a knighthood我们给设计师封了爵士so that nobody would ever say that.就是为了不让人这么说Do you want Radio 3 to broadcast pop music 24 hours a day?你愿意广播3台全天播流行音乐吗?How would you feel要是他们把电视上if they took all the culture programmes off television?所有文化节目都取消你什么感觉?I never watch them.我不知道我从来不看Neither do I, but it's vital to know they're there!我也不看但它们的存在至关重要You said local government was corrupt and incompetent.可您说地方政府腐败无能的So it is, Bernard.确实如此伯纳So corrupt and incompetent that even ministers recognise it.已经腐败无能到连大臣们都看出来了Which means that they centralise.这就意味着它们集中了They give all the responsible jobs to us.所有的实务都交给了我们We... are the flower of government, Bernard.我们是...政府之中的花朵伯纳Local government may be a dunghill...地方政府尽管是粪土堆...but it grows beautiful roses.但它们能培育出美丽的玫瑰You mean...您是说...Yes, that's right, Bernard.是的没错伯纳But if we try to clean up the dunghill但如果我们试着清除粪土堆and... lose our balance...不小心失去了平衡We land in the... Thank you, Bernard.我们就要摔在... 谢谢伯纳That's very good of you. Thank you.有劳你了谢谢So you see why I'm so worried, Arnold.你可以理解我的担忧吧阿诺德This Marriott scheme is the thin end of the wedge.这个马里奥计划是个导火索It could eventually undermine the Civil Service.它最终会侵蚀到公务员系统Oh, I don't think there's any danger of that.我不觉得有那么危险Not if you play it right.你运用得法就不会Hacker's just grasping at straws.哈克只是在抓救命稻草It's the old logical fallacy.这是个古老的逻辑悖论All cats have four legs. My dog has four legs...猫都有4条腿我的狗也有4条腿Therefore my dog is a cat.因此我的狗是只猫He's suffering from politician's logic.政客逻辑害了他Something must be done therefore we must do it.必须做实事这是实事因此必须做But doing the wrong thing is worse than doing nothing.可如果做错了还不如不做Doing anything is worse than doing nothing.做什么都不如什么都不做After all, what is the one thing that obsesses对毕竟唯一一件能让政治家politicians throughout their careers?追求一生的是什么?Well, obviously publicity and popularity.很显然是曝光度和支持率Name in the paper, face on the telly.报纸上登个名电视上露个脸Anything to help get them re elected. Quite.任何能帮他们赢得选举的东西很对Government is fame and glory and importance执政党意味着名声荣耀显赫and big offices and chauffeurs还有超大办公室和司机and being interviewed by Terry Wogan.还有特里-沃根的专访Opposition is impotence and insignificance而在野党则是无足轻重无关紧要的and people at parties asking you if you know Robin Day.别人都问你是不是认识罗宾-戴But, Arnold, reforming the Civil Service但是阿诺德公务员体系改革might win them popularity.也许能为他们赢得民心But it can't ever happen... can it, Humphrey?但这是不可能的是吧汉弗莱?Why not, Arnold? It's the same as in local government.怎么不能阿诺德? 这跟地方政府是一样的Constituencies of 60,000 are6万人的大选区far too big for people to know their MP.选民注定无法了解他们的议会代表Electors make up their minds on the basis选民们作出决定的基础是of the telly and the radio and the press.广播电视和媒体的宣传Yes, they pick their favourite party leader,是的他们选出他们最喜欢的党派领袖then they vote for whatever clown就等于投票给那党派中a few people in their party一小撮人指定的have chosen as their candidate.随便什么下三滥候选人I do understand how the system works, Arnold.相信我我了解这个体制阿诺德But do you?但你真的了解吗?Listen, Humphrey, if a politician lives or dies汉弗莱如果一个政客的生死by his media image,由他的媒体形象决定then his survival depends on the Civil Service publicity machine 那他的生存就取决于公务员公关系统helping him with his fatuous speeches来润色他愚蠢的讲话稿and articles and photo opportunities.写的文章还有媒体出镜Politicians are dependent on us.政客们完全依靠我们A thousand press officers to publicise their little triumphs.上千名新闻官员鼓吹他们那点小政绩The Official Secrets Act to conceal their daily disasters.<官方保密法> 掩盖他们每天的丑闻So what you're saying is that under Professor Marriott's scheme,那么你是说按马里奥教授的计划MPs would be elected on their local reputation议员会凭他们在地方上的声望当选rather than on their leader's media image.而不是党派领袖的媒体形象Yes, governments and ministers would have to earn their votes.对政府和大臣们就得去挣选票Actually do what the electors want真的做选民们希望的事instead of leaving us to do it our way而不是让我们按我们的方法做事while they do the fame and glory bit.他们只管树立形象就成Frightening thought.想想都可怕Frightening to us, but what about the Prime Minister?对我们可怕但对首相呢?Of course. Even more frightening.自然是更可怕了Reforming the Civil Service would remove公务员改革就等于撤除了his life support system.他的生命线It would kick away the ladder that's put him where he is.等于抽掉他一路爬上来的梯子While he's still standing on it.而且他还站在上面呢That's right.非常正确The only way to reform the Civil Service system改革公务员系统的唯一方法is to reform the political system.就是把政治体制一起改掉No government's going to reform没有哪个政府会改掉the system that put it into power.赋与其权力的体制吧The thing is to get the Prime Minister to see the danger.问题是要让首相也看到危险That's your job.这是你的事I know.有了I'll tell him it'll be the most courageous thing he's ever done.我跟他说这会是他最有魄力的举措That always does the trick.这招百发百中Yes?进来Agnes Moorhouse, Sir Humphrey.艾格尼丝-莫豪来了汉弗莱爵士Ah, Agnes.艾格尼丝Why don't you sit over here?请这边坐Agnes, the Prime Minister's really worried about艾格尼丝首相非常担忧your attitude to the police.你对警察队伍的态度Oh, good.哦很好So he's proposing a wholesale reform of local government.因此他计划全盘改造地方政府Street representatives, voting communities of 200 households,街道代表每200户选一个total involvement of the borough electorate让他们全面参与自制市镇in the selection of candidates.总代表候选人的提名This isn't serious? Oh, I'm afraid it is.不是真的吧? 恐怕是的This strikes at the heart of our democratic social reforms.这会重创我们的民主社会改革啊Do you mean the people don't want your policies?你是说人们其实不喜欢你的政策?Of course they would if they could understand,他们要是能理解当然会喜欢but the ordinary voters are simple people.可普通选民都头脑简单They don't see their needs.他们看不到自己的需求。

Yes,PrimeMinister[2x08]-ATangledWeb.EN

Yes,PrimeMinister[2x08]-ATangledWeb.EN
- Let me tell you what happened.
The first question was about that cock-up over
the shortage of prison officers. Masterly reply!
I said, "I refer the honourable member
the bugging of an MP's phone.
Well, yes. Well, he hasn't, has he?
Has he? He has? Crikey!
It's all here, Bernard, including the transcripts.
Shall we... um...
and the facts insofar as
they can be determined and demonstrated
is such as to cause epistemological problems
of sufficient magnitude as to lay upon the logical
Where did they get such a daft idea?
- Sheer paranoia.
- The only thing is...
Why should we listen in to MPs?
Boring, stupid, ignorant windbags!
I do my best not to listen to them.
- That was my masterstroke!

英国迷你剧《是,大臣》中的幽默语解读

英国迷你剧《是,大臣》中的幽默语解读

英国迷你剧《是,大臣》中的幽默语解读作者:史梦雅来源:《现代交际》2013年第06期[摘要]本文以《是,大臣》为蓝本,试图运用语用学的合作原则分析《是,大臣》中的会话内容,研究幽默语的产生机制,促使学习者体会语言的神奇力量,把握剧本的深刻主旨,更好地激发学习英语的积极性,提高对影片的欣赏力。

[关键词]《是,大臣》语用学合作原则幽默[中图分类号]H31 [文献标识码]A [文章编号]1009-5349(2013)06-0044-02引言幽默已逐渐成为人们日常生活必不可少的一部分。

它给人们带来愉悦的身心享受,同时也可化解人际矛盾。

《是,大臣》的语料未曾为语言研究者使用,但这些语料仍是人们产出的结果。

本文基于前人的理论研究,从违反合作原则的四条准则角度对《是,大臣》展开说明分析。

《是,大臣》(Yes, Minister)于1980年首次在英国播出。

该剧播出后反响强烈,广受评论家和大众喜爱,获奖纪录可观,其他国家也相继翻拍原版。

这部迷你喜剧涉及到英国政治体制中政客和文官之间的矛盾斗争。

简短的半小时里我们可以感受到英剧独有的幽默效果。

一、合作原则言语交际是一种多边的言语行为,在日常会话交际中,语言使用者都会共同遵守约定俗成的规则和一些基本原则,这便是语用原则。

语用原则最重要的要数美国哲学家格莱斯(H.P.Grice)1975年提出的“合作原则(Cooperative Principle)”。

会话的目的就是理解说话双方的意愿,有效配合完成交际任务。

合作原则包括四条准则:(1)量的准则:确保发话者所说的话包含交际所需的信息量;确保发话者所说的话不超出交际所需的信息量。

(2)质的准则:不要说自知是虚假的话;不要说缺乏足够证据的话。

所说的话要力求真实。

(3)关系准则:发话者所提供的话语或信息是否相关。

(4)方式准则:避免晦涩难懂;避免歧义产生;凝练,避免啰嗦;井井有条。

二、《是,大臣》合作原则的违反根据合作原则,言语交际中说话者应当遵循其中的各条准则。

是,大臣 Yes,Minister 第三季第一集台词中英对照

是,大臣 Yes,Minister  第三季第一集台词中英对照

是, 大臣第3季第1集THE LAST FANTASY-=破烂熊字幕组=-翻译:achogogo 校对&时间轴:tpring机会均等就象我说的凯西首相想要我加入内阁So, Kathy, the Prime Minister saw fit to invite one into the Cabinet 我就进来了and, well, here one is.责任很重大吧?Isn't it a terrific responsibility?依我看一个人选择毕生为公众服务I suppose, if one chooses to dedicate one's life to public service,就要担起这份责任responsibility is something one accepts.权力很大啊我知道我知道But all this power! I know, I know!有时让人受宠若惊但又让人谦卑自省Frightening sometimes. But it also makes one very humble.一旦坐在首相府内阁会议桌前顿时发现...Sits at the Cabinet table, Number 10 Downing Street and realises 伯纳打电话来谦卑的人Bernard rang, O humble one.下议院要你看BBC二台Central House want you to watch a programme on BBC2.莫琳沃金国会议员后座议员之一Maureen Watkins, MP. One of the backbench MPs.我不太喜欢她整天喊女权算了我不看别写进去A rampaging feminist. I wont bother. Don't write that down.我喜欢她您不觉得女性仍然是弱势群体?I like her. Don't you think that women are still the exploited sex?我们全班都觉得女性在单位被剥削在家被剥削All of us in 5B think that women are exploited at work and at home 整个社会被男性主导运行男性为所欲为it's a world designed and run by men for men's convenience.就象她说的现在肯定不会了Like SHE says. Not any longer, surely?她在下院没分量当然那被男人占据了She doesn't carry any weight in the House. No, it's full of men.多谢了安妮还要问什么吗? 最后一个问题Thank you. Anything else you'd like to ask? Just one last question. 作为执掌大权的大臣您有什么个人成就?As a minister, what have you personally achieved?成就? 很多啦Achieved? Oh, well, all sorts of things.枢密院席位党内政策委员会...Membership of the Privy Council, the Party Policy Committee...不你做的实事有惠于人民的No, things you've done that makes life better for other people.有惠于? 对Makes life better? Yes.其他人? 当然有很多了For other people? There must be a number of things.这就是职责所在嘛一天18个小时没有双休日That's what one's job is all about. 18 hours a day, 7 days a week. 可以举个事例吗?Could you give me examples?不然写出来很无聊的事例Makes it a bit boring otherwise. Examples.不知道从哪说起太多政府的协同决策了Where to start. So much of government is collective decisions.我们聚到一起整个国家最出色的头脑群策群力All of us together, best minds in the country, hammering it out.但什么让你回想往事的时候骄傲的说"我做的"But what will you look back on afterwards and say "I did that."就象作家回顾自己的作品一样You know, like a writer can look at his books.政府是个精密的机器人们各执一词Government is a complex business people have to have their say. 都需要时间罗马不是一天建成的...是现在吗?Take time. Rome wasn't built in a day. Is that the time?我得看电视节目失陪了I really must be getting my boxes. Excuse me.谢谢非常感谢Oh, thank you. Thank you so much.跟你聊天真有意思写出来给我审阅一下可以吗?Such fun this little talk. Let me approve the article, as we agreed? 拜拜Bye. Bye.小大人Bright kid.再也不接受校报采访了她问的问题太难了Last interview for a school magazine. She asked difficult questions. 只是天真而已她觉得你凭良心做事She assumed there was some moral basis to your activities.当然了喔吉姆别傻了!Well, there is. Oh, Jim, don't be silly!你叹什么气?What are you sighing for?我没叹气I'm not sighing.说来听听我有什么成就? 她问得对Out with it. Well, what have I achieved? She's right.你还真谦卑起来啦我一条法案都没通过It really does make you humble! I can't get any bills through.还有两年就要卸任了改革公务员系统The time's taken up for the next two years. Reform the Civil Service. 不可能的是个怪圈为什么Impossible. Catch 22. Why?就算我提出50条重大改革谁来实施它们?I suggested 50 terrific reforms, who would have to implement them? 公务员系统(BOTH) The Civil Service.这样我跟你说All right, I tell you what.不要50个改革一个就够了Not 50 reforms, just one.哼什么?Huh! What?完成一项重大改革你就很了不起了If you achieve one import reform, that'd be something.我会载入史册你有什么建议?Get me in the record books! What do you suggest?多提拔女性进入高层Make them put more women into top jobs.女性占人口的一半也应该占常任秘书的一半Half the population Should be half the Permanent Secretaries.高层有多少女性? 不是很多How many women are there at the top? Not many.机会均等Equal opportunities.值得一试不管怎样这是原则问题I'll have a go. After all, there's a principle at stake.你要全凭原则做一些实事?You're going to do something out of pure principle?对喔吉姆Yes. Oh, Jim.原则问题最刺激选票Principles are excellent vote winners.我们什么都不用做? 不用第一第二段有误We don't have to do anything? No. Paragraphs 1 and 2 are wrong. 其他都规定好了不能改And all the other points are covered.我不需要做决定还不用道歉I don't have to make a decision. I don't even have to apologise.能帮我拟一份回复吗? 已经完成了Can you do a reply for me? Done it.太好了你这样的副秘书怎么这么少呢?Fantastic. Why don't they make more Under-Secretaries like you? 还有别的事吗大臣? 没了Anything else, Minister? No.告诉我莎拉高级公务员里有多少位女性?How many women are there at the top of the Civil Service?常任秘书里没有150位常务副秘书里有4位No Permanent Secretaries. Four out of 150 Deputy Secretaries.你这一级副秘书里呢? 27位女性What about your grade? Under-Secretary? There are 27 of us.好像还可以一共多少人? 578人Doesn't sound too bad. Out of how many? 578.太不像话了你没想法吗? 还行吧觉得很滑稽But that's appalling! Aren't you appalled? I find it comic.不过公务员工作本来就滑稽男人控制的嘛But then I find most of the Civil Service comic. It's run by men你能做什么我能做什么?What can you? What can I do?您说真的大臣? 对Are you serious, Minister? Yes.很简单把各行各业的精英女性招进来Bring top women from the professions, Straight into the top grades. 工资高假期长养老金会有出色人选的The pay is good for women. You'd get high-quality applicants.他们能胜任? 当然能And they could do the job? Of course.恕我直言一个报业议员可以晋升大臣With respect, if you can make a journalist MP into a minister,高级律师怎么就不能当副秘书?why not make a partner from a legal firm into an Under-Secretary? 再说了这的工作两个初中文凭就可以胜任Most of the work here only needs about two O-levels, anyway.有道理莎拉十分感谢谢谢大臣Good point. Sarah, thank you very much. Thank you, Minister.你叫我大臣? 伯纳莎拉告诉我...You rang, Minister? Bernard, Sarah told...什么大臣? 没人的时候就叫我吉姆Yes, Minister? I wish you'd call me Jim when we're alone.我会记住的大臣Oh, I'll try to remember that, Minister.莎拉告诉我这个申诉没道理Sarah tells me this complaint is nonsense.很好我们可以CGSM了它CGSM?Oh, fine. So we can CGSM it. CGSM?公务员术语意思是"老年鞋厂委托书"Civil service code. Consignment of Geriatric Shoe Manufacturers. 一大堆无用功大臣Load of old cobblers, Minister.我不是公务员我有我的术语我写"转圜否决"I shall use my own code. I shall write "round objects".大臣您要讨论员工问题?Ah, Minister, you wanted a word about staffing?没错汉弗莱早安伯纳Yes, Humphrey. Morning, Bernard.我制订了一项新政I've made a policy decision.我要在公务员中女性数量上做文章I'm going to change the number of women in the Civil Service.反正数量也不多Surely there aren't all that many.问题就在这里大臣觉得要多招一些That's my point. The Minister thinks we need more.多招很多很多?Many more. More?打字员清洁工茶点工都满员了你觉得呢伯纳?We're up to establishment on typists and tea ladies. Any ideas?我们临时秘书人手不够我在说常任秘书Short on temporary secretaries. I'm talking Permanent Secretaries. 常任... 需要一批女官(又意甜橙)Permanent... We need female mandarins.那是无籽芦柑大臣Sort of satsumas, Minister.坐下好吗伯纳Sit down, will you, Bernard.常任秘书有多少人? 41个How many Permanent Secretaries are there? 41, I believe.其中有多少女性呢? 呃基本上说...And how many of those are women? Well, broadly speaking...手上没有数据我不好说Not having the figures to hand, I'm not sure.大约呢大约...没有Approximately. Approximately... none.没有我们有大约150位副秘书多少女性?There are about 150 Deputy Secretaries. How many are women? 这很难说为什么?Well, it's difficult to say. Why?有很多男人婆婆妈妈的There's a lot of old women among the men.4位这么多啊?Four. Are there really?我要宣布女性副秘书和常任秘书增加到25%A quota of 25% women Deputy and Permanent Secretaries四年内完成to be achieved in four years.等一等大臣我肯定赞成你的提议Wait. I'm obviously in total sympathy with your objectives.肯定的当然我们需要更多女性Obviously. Of course we must have more women.肯定的我们都很关心性别不平等问题Of course! We are deeply concerned by this apparent imbalance, 但这些事要花时间的but these things take time.我希望马上着手我举双手同意I want to make a start straight away. I agree.就从设立部门协调委员会入手...I propose we setting up an inter-departmental committee...不不不你知道我不是这个意思No, no, no. That's not what I meant and you know it.不许拖延要手持大锤果断斩乱麻This needs a sledgehammer. We must cut through the red tape. 大锤不能斩乱麻... 你知道我的意思You can't cut tape with a sledgehammer... You know what I mean. 大臣你误会我了我没有要拖延You do me an injustice. I was not about to suggest delays.喔抱歉没关系Oh, sorry. That's all right.我的意见是如果我们要25%的配额I suggest that, if we are to have 25% quota,招募规模要比这大得多最终才能招到25%Larger intake at the stage so there'll be 25% in the top jobs.多久? 25年When? (BOTH) In 25 years.不汉弗莱你还没明白我的决心我要马上No, Humphrey, you haven't quite got my drift. I mean NOW.您是说马上? 真有悟性汉弗莱Oh... you mean, NOW? Got it in one, Humphrey.大臣马上做事需要时间It takes time to do things NOW.公务员工作三原则越拖延越高效3 articles of Civil Service : takes longer to do things quickly;越费钱越便宜越秘密越民主more expensive to do them cheaply, more democratic in secret. 我建议四年完成时间充足I have suggested four years. Masses of time.我的天不行Oh, dear me, no!不是政治时间我指现实时间I don't mean political time, I mean real time.公务员的增长...像大树一样不是像韭菜Civil servants are grown like oak trees, not mustard and cress. 随季节开花生长他们的成熟就像...They bloom and ripen with the seasons, they mature like...像你自己我刚想说像醇酒Like yourself. Well, I was about to say like an old port.要酿上一酿?Like Grimsby, perhaps.对我是认真的大臣我早料到了Yes, I was being serious, Minister. I foresaw this problem.我看这好办外聘女性精英By bringing in top women from outside the service来填补高层职缺to fill vacancies in the top jobs.我...I...我不明白看我的嘴形汉弗莱I don't think I quite understood. Watch my mouth, Humphrey. 我们从编制外招募女性We will bring in women from outside.但这个体制强大之处就在于它的纯洁及独立But the strength is that it is unsullied by outside influences.人人都能跳槽公务员行业有什么特殊?People move jobs. Why should the Civil Service be different?它确实特殊它要求微妙It IS different. It demands subtlety.判断力无私的奉献Discretion. Devotion to duty.可靠可靠说得好伯纳Soundness. Soundness! Well said, Bernard!公务员需要具有超人的毅力和宽广的胸襟Endless patience and boundless understanding.他们可以迎难而上They need to be able to change horses mid-stream,紧密跟随政客与时俱进as politicians change what they call their minds.这些特性你都有了? 我只是恰好...You have these talents? Well, it is just that one's been properly被人给酿了就像酒受过训练Matured. Like Grimsby. Trained.你扪心自问要是体制没问题Ask yourself if there isn't something wrong with the system.为什么没有女性官员? 她们离职生孩子去了Why are there so few women? They keep leaving to have babies. 50多岁生孩子?不会吧我不知道我听您的At nearly 50? Surely not. I don't know. I'm on your side.高层确实需要更多女性好我不会等25年We do need more women at the top. I'm not waiting 25 years.副秘书有个空缺吧? 对There's a vacancy for Deputy Secretary here. Ye-es.我要任命一位女性莎拉哈里森莎拉哈里森?I shall appoint a woman. Sarah Harrison. Sarah Harrison?!我看她很有能力你看呢? 是有能力I think she's very able? Very.作为女性作为一个人For a woman, for a person.想问题很有创意And she is an original thinker.恐怕是的幸好她不带到工作中来Yes, that's true, but she doesn't let it interfere with her work.你对她有什么意见? 没有她很出色What have you got against her? Nothing. She's excellent.我很看好她I'm a supporter of hers.去年就是我最先提出晋升她当副秘书I advocated her promotion to Under-Secretary at a very early age. 你同意她十分出色吗? 同意Would you agree that she is outstanding? Yes.那平衡利弊这是可行的? 平衡利弊行也不行So, on balance, it is a good idea? On balance... yes and no.这不是明确答复这是平衡答复That's not a very clear answer. It's a balanced answer.问题是她还年轻还没轮到她The point is she's too young and it's not her turn.就知道你会说这就是公务员的问题论资排辈This is exactly what's wrong with the Civil Service Buggins' turn!好的人才就要赶快提拔没错只要轮到他们The best people should be promoted As soon as it's their turn!一派胡言拿破仑30岁就统治欧洲了Oh, nonsense! Napoleon ruled Europe when he was in his 30s!亚历山大20岁征服世界他们做不了副秘书Alexander conquered the world at 20s They made poor Secretaries. 他们没有论资排辈看看他们的下场They didn't wait their turn! And look what happened to them.看看我们的问题And look what's happened to us!治国的不是被年轻有为有活力的人Instead of being run by a lot of young, able, energetic men,而是一群疲惫刻薄的老头只想安享晚年this country's being run by 55-year-olds who just want a quiet life! 您在暗示谁吗?Had you anyone specific in mind?是又不是汉弗莱Yes and no, Humphrey.大臣莎拉哈里森是位出色的公务员前途光明Sarah Harrison is an excellent civil servant, a hope for the future,但她是资历最浅的副秘书最好不要提拔but she is our most junior and I will not recommend her promotion. 我觉得你性别歧视大臣这话怎讲?I think you're a sexist. Minister, how could you say such a thing?我支持女人女人很美好I'm very pro-women. Wonderful people, women.莎拉是位可爱的女士我对她景仰之至Sarah is a dear lady. I'm one of her greatest admirers.但如果要推进女权必须小心谨慎the cause of women must be done with care, tact and discretion.女性高官就她一个人选不能急功近利She is our only woman for a top job. We mustn't push her too fast. 高层职务对女性太难了听听你这什么话Women find top jobs very difficult. Can you hear yourself?如果她们能胜任就不会这么少顺理成章的If they could be good Permanent Secretaries there would be more. 不汉弗莱... 我不反女权我爱女人No... I'm not anti-feminist! I love women!我有很要好的女性朋友Some of my best friends are women!比如我妻子就是女的Er... my wife, indeed.但莎拉经验不足而且孩子还在上学But Sarah is inexperienced and her children are still of school age. 他们可能会得腮腺炎你还得神经炎呢They might get mumps! You might get shingles!您再说我马上就要得了万一她为孩子旷工呢?Indeed if you continue. What if children caused her to miss work? 那她还能当上副秘书? 她是人中精英Would she have reached Under-Secretary? She is the best person! 大臣如果您提拔她只因为她是精英If you promote women just because they're the best person,您会造成公务员里怨言四起you will create a lot of resentment throughout the Civil Service!至少女性不会有怨言可以忽略不是吗?Not from the women in it. Well, that hardly matters, does it?可以忽略汉弗莱?Hardly matters?她们人太少了There are so few of them.我试图说服他女性和我们不一样他没法明白I've told him women are different, but he can't grasp it.她们太拖团队的后腿They put such strains on a team.她们对事态度不同她们太感性不如我们理性They react differently. They're so emotional. Not rational like us. 还不能明说不然她们要么嚼舌头要么掉眼泪Hopeless when tell them off. Either into a bate or blubbing.不掉眼泪的就撒泼If not the sort who blub, they become frightfully hard and butch. 一点都不迷人Not the least bit attractive.她们偏见很多总是武断的以偏概全They're full of prejudices. Make silly generalisations.想事都一个路数嗯...They think in stereotypes. (BOTH) Mmm.阿诺德你觉得我应该怎么办?Arnold, what do you think I should do?我只能建议不停给他灌输直到他烦了Lecture him at such length on the matter that he becomes bored 觉得这个想法无趣了and loses interest in the idea.对也许有用不过他可不容易烦Yes, might work. Mind you, he doesn't get bored easily.他甚至都不烦他自己总会烦的He even finds himself interesting. They all do.只要是听他们说话的人听的人可不多All the ones who listen to what we're saying. Not many of those. 标准2号方案是说工会不接受The standard second ploy is to tell him the unions won't wear it. 工会会接受的那不重要汉弗莱They'd like it. That's beside the point.喔抱歉他妻子会怎么想呢?Oh, yes, sorry. What does his wife think about all this?听说他妻子挺支持的也许她是幕后推手I gather she's in favour of itn. In fact, she may be behind it.我明白了她知不知道哈里森很迷人呢?I see. Does she know that Sarah Harrison is rather attractive?不她们好像没见过...No, I don't think they've ever met...好主意Good idea.必须发动内阁来反对这个鬼定额We must mobilise the Cabinet against this quota nonsense.内阁会欢迎的我们让他们改主意They'll be in favour of it. We can get them to change their minds. 他们很容易改主意就象女人一样They change their minds fairly easily. Just like a lot of women!幸好内阁不掉眼泪Thank God they don't blub!大臣我觉得您说的是对的Minister, I have come to the conclusion that you were right.你说真的汉弗莱? 没错大臣Are you being serious? Yes, indeed.您的计划已提上日程我现在积极反对性别歧视I am now positively against discrimination against women同时积极支持性别优待当然是有差别的优待In favour of positive discrimination discriminating discrimination 对...我好像明白了Yes... I think I've got that.据说最高层的看法是这个问题要解决The view is, at the very highest level, that this should happen.很好不过...Good. However...定额有些问题介意我坐下吗? 工会无法接受Problem about the quota. The unions won't wear it.真的? 叫他们来我来谈不行大臣Really? Let's have 'em in. We'll talk about it. Er... no, Minister.那就捅了马蜂窝了为什么?That would... just stir up a hornets' nest. Why?恕我直言我们得现实点Well, if I might suggest... that we be realistic about this.现实点你意思是全盘放弃天啊不是By realistic, you mean drop the whole scheme. Oh, dear me, no! 也许应当暂缓重新整顿But, perhaps, a pause to re-group.慢慢评估现状商讨其它战略Reassess the situation and discuss alternative strategies.慢慢深思熟虑A space of time for reflection and deliberation.你就是说全盘放弃You mean drop the whole scheme.不汉弗莱我决心已定马上着手No, I've set my hand to the plough, I've made the decision.4年内实现25%女性公务员We shall have a 25% quota of women within the next four years 就从任命莎拉哈里森为副秘书开始and, to make a start, I shall appoint Sarah Harrison.我向您保证这是犯错误原则汉弗莱原则That is the wrong decision. Principle, Humphrey, principle.内阁同僚都说支持我女权赢得很多选票I'm sure Cabinet will support me. A lot of votes in women's rights. 选票大臣? 您不是说为原则吗Votes? I thought you said it was a matter of principle.对我是原则汉弗莱对他们是选票For ME. I was talking about them.喂Yes?哈克太太来了大臣请她进来好吗Mrs Hacker's here. Send her in.请她进来您能不能先把信件签了大臣?Could you sign the letters before you go, Minister?亲爱的让汉弗莱给你点喝的雪利酒?Hello. Get Humphrey to give you a drink. Sherry?还记得您批"转圜否决"那个文件吗?Remember that letter you wrote "round objects" on?汉弗莱爵士回复并批注了Sir Humphrey has commented on it.说什么? "转圜是谁他否决什么"?What's he say? "Who is Round and to what does he object?"拿着你气色不错Here you are. Your very good health.改革公务员系统要慢工出细活的Yes, it's a slow business changing the Civil Service.吉姆说要提拔的那个女性呢?What about promoting this woman Jim was talking about?对您丈夫确实慧眼识珠莎拉很有才华Your husband certainly has an eye for talent, Sarah's very talented. 美丽又迷人干杯真的?Quite delightful, real charmer. Cheers. Really?我真佩服新一代的女性公务员I very much admire this new generation of women civil servants和从前那些老顽固相比compared to the old battle-axes I remember!当然她们不见得有莎拉好看不过都很有女人味Not all as beautiful as Sarah but they keep their femininity.吉姆从没说过她长什么样大概他没注意Jim never discussed what she looks like. Perhaps he hasn't noticed. 真难以相信他们两个总泡在一起I find that hard to believe. He does spend a lot of time with her.如果她晋升还会更...坐下好吗?And even more... if she's promoted. Shall we sit down?先生们我们大臣决定创造25%的女性定额Gentlemen, my minister is set on creating a quota of 25% women, 最终达到50%leading to an eventual 50%.公平我明白了对嗯Parity, I see. Yes. Mm.在我看来男女确实应该平等对待It seems right to me that women be treated fairly and equally.大家要达成共识原则上I speak for all of us when I say that, in principle,应该规定定额达到这个目标对对there should be such targets set and goals achieved.比尔? 我十分赞同这个想法Bill? Well, I'm fully in favour of this idea.我们必须对女性特别优待We must have positive discrimination in favour of women.但在外交部行不通It wouldn't work with the Foreign Office.不能派女性大使到伊朗那样的穆斯林国家We couldn't post women ambassadors to Iran or Muslim nations. 没错没错第三世界比我们落后No, quite, quite. The Third World is not so advanced as us.外交官每三年都要换届We have to send diplomats to new postings every three years,我们部行不通但我从原则上支持this idea is obviously not for us, but I do approve the principle.尼尔? 我十分赞同Neil? I'm in favour of it.增加些女性有好处I think we need the feminine touch.女性处理某些事有独到之处毫无疑问Women are better at handling some problems than men.但内务部是个例外We would have to make an exception in the Home Office.女人不适合看监狱做警察Women are not the right people to run prisons or the police.很有可能她们自己也不想做Quite probably, they wouldn't want to do it, anyway.但你从原则上赞成? 当然毫无疑问的But you do agree with the principle? Oh, yes, without question.皮特? 唉国防部也一样Peter? Yes, the same applies to Defence... alas.管的全是陆海军大将All those admirals and generals.女人做不了安全部的头目It wouldn't be possible to appoint a woman as Head of Security.男的得变成女的M would have to become F.国防部是男人的天下工业和就业部也一样Yes, Defence is clearly a man's world, like Industry and Employment. 那些工会领袖All those trade union leaders!卫生和社会事务部呢约翰?But what about the DHSS? John?很高兴地说卫生部高层女性够多了Woman are well represented near the top of the DHSS.毕竟白厅里4个女副秘书我们占2个After all, we have two of the four Deputy Secretaries in Whitehall.她们不够格做常务秘书都是副总医务官Not eligible for Permanent Secretary. Deputy Chief Medical Officers. 我不觉得他们适合那不公平I'm not sure they're really suitable. No, that's unfair.当然了80%书记员99%打字员都是女性Women are 80% of our clerical staff and 99% of the typing grades.我们成绩不错原则上说我支持她们进入高层We're not doing too badly. In principle, I'm in favour of it.很好很好Good, good.会议结论是从原则出发我们都赞成The feeling of the meeting is, in principle we're all in favour女士们的平等权益of equal rights for the ladies,但特定部门里有特殊境况but there are special problems in individual departments.是是那定额问题怎么办?(ALL) Hear hear! What about this question of the quota?老实说我不太同意对不赞成Frankly, I'm against it. (ALL) Oh, yes, not on!我们得有权提拔最有能力的人才We must have the right to promote the best man for the job,无论性别regardless of sex.我作为一个热忱的女权主义者Speaking as an ardent feminist myself,觉得问题在于招收哪种女性I think the problem lies in recruiting the right sort of women.已婚有家室的就不行Married women with families drop out她们不能全身心投入到工作中去because they cannot give their work their full attention.未婚无子女的Unmarried women with no children不够成熟涉世未深are not fully-rounded people with a thorough understanding of life. 实践中不可能找到成熟的It's rarely possible to find a fully-rounded married woman,已婚育有三个孩子全心全意工作的女性with a home and 3 children, devote her whole life to a department. 就是22条军规第一项精神不健全可以免出勤It's Catch 22, really. Well, Catch 22, sub-paragraph A!我觉得要让内阁大臣们否决这个提案We must ensure that our ministers oppose this quota idea就要各自讲清各部特殊情况by drawing their attention to each department's special problems. 但各级部门都要从原则上赞同But we will recommend the principle of equal at every level.我再说一句好吗?May I suggest one more thing?我们大臣还把提拔女性看作是My minister sees the promotion as creating greater diversity在公务员高层实现多元化at the top of the service.要使他们明白说真的我们已经很多元化了Stress to our ministers that there's no more diverse lot than us.绝对的跨越行业的典范(ALL) Absolutely! A real cross-section of the nation.大臣内阁会议怎样?Ah, Minister, how was Cabinet?很怪真的为什么?Bit odd, actually. Why?我们讨论了女性高层定额的事We were talking about the top jobs quota for women.同意了吗? 怪就怪在这Was it agreed? That's what's so odd.原则上都支持但在他们自己部里行不通Agreed in principle, but said it wouldn't work in their departments. 他们一点都不支持我太怪了They didn't support me at all. Extraordinary.还有安妮也不支持我了And I'm not getting support from Annie.真的? 定额的事? 提拔莎拉的事Really? What, about this quota? Well, about promoting Sarah.还以为她绝对支持呢就是You'd think she'd be 100% behind it. Indeed.我一说她态度完全反了She goes sort of distant when I mention it.打死也不愿意更怪了Dead against it now. Even more extraordinary.反正就这一件事了Oh, well, seems the only thing left.我力所能及的对没错Something I can achieve. Yes, indeed.请哈里森女士进来好吗? 伯纳请去叫一下Shall I ask Mrs Harrison to come in? Would you be kind enough? 至少是我值得一提的成就汉弗莱At least this is something I can say I have done.没错大臣星星之火Indeed. Lighting a spark.可以燎原Carrying a torch, even.莎拉请坐Ah, Sarah, do sit down.谢谢汉弗莱谢谢大臣Thank you. Humphrey.莎拉也许你听说了副秘书有一个空缺There is a vacancy for a Deputy Secretary in this department.虽然你是资历最浅的秘书In spite of you being the most junior Under-Secretary,但因为你能力出众but because you are the outstanding person,汉弗莱爵士和我推荐你晋升为副秘书Sir Humphrey and I have recommend you to Deputy Secretary. 我...我不知说什么好I... I don't know what to say.什么都不用说一个谢谢就够了No need to say anything. A single thank you should suffice. 不...嗯...我是说...No... Well... I mean...太难启齿了我是说Oh, gosh. Look, this is awfully embarrassing. I mean...本来想这周告诉你们的我要辞职了I was going to tell you. I'm resigning from the Civil Service.什么? 辞职?What? Resigning?对所以...谢谢好意我心领了Yes, so... thank you, but no, thank you.要照顾孩子? 腮腺炎?Some problem at home with your children? Mumps?不我要进一家商业银行做主管No, I'm joining a merchant bank... as a director.莎拉...我明说了吧这里面另有文章Sarah... I won't conceal from you the fact that this is a blow.我和汉弗莱之所以举荐你The reason Humphrey and I decided to recommend you是因为增加女性定额的努力快失败了I've been fighting a losing battle to improve promotion for women. 可以说是借用你来...当跳板You were to be my, so to speak, Trojan horse.老实说大臣我想干的工作不是没完没了Quite honestly, I want a job where I don't spend endless hours给无关人等就无关事项传递无关信息Information about subjects don't matter to people aren't interested. 我想有所成就不想整天忙那些文山会海I want a job where there's achievement rather than merely activity. 我想指着什么东西自豪的说"我做的"I want to point to something and say "I did that."我不明白I don't understand.我知道所以我才要走I know. That's why I'm leaving.你觉得治理国家不重要?You're not saying the government is unimportant?当然重要不过我没看到谁在治理国家It's just that I haven't met anyone who's doing it.再说这些花招我也厌烦了。

关联理论对《是,首相》言语幽默的解读

关联理论对《是,首相》言语幽默的解读

安 徽 工 业大 学 学 报 ( 社会 科 学 版 )
J o u r n a l o f An h u i Un i v e r s i t y o f T e c h n o l o g y( S o c i a l S c i e n c e s )
Vo L 3 1,No . 1 J a n u a r y ,2 01 4
关 联理论对 《 是, 首 相 言 语 幽默 的解 读
丁 惠
( 安徽农业 大学 外 国语 学院 , 安徽 合 肥 2 3 0 0 3 6 )
摘 要: 《 是, 首相》 中 言语 幽 默 是在 语 言 交 际 双方 通 过 交流 、 寻 求 最 佳 关 联 的动 态 过 程 中展 示 了英 式 幽 默 独 特 的 魅 力 。英 语 学 习者 要 通 过领 略 英 式 幽默 和 英语 文 化 的 魅力 , 提 高 跨 文 化 交际 中的语 言 理 解 能 力 。

接、 坦 白的语 言 , 它需要更 多 的认知努 力 去解 读 。人 类 天 生乐 于 接 受 需要 花 费 更 多智 力 因素 完 成 的挑 战 活 动, 因为花 费的努力越 多 , 最后 解决 问题所 带来 的满 足 感 越大 。因此 , 言 语幽默 是最 佳关 联 的话语 , [ 2 ] 当言 语 幽默被成 功解读 后 , 听话 者 在认 知 上获 得 的成就 感 和 愉悦感足 以弥补 其在推理 中付 出的辛苦 。 言语 幽默的另 一个特 点是 “ 不和谐 ( i n c o n g r u i t y ) ” 。 很多研究 幽默的语言 学家认 为这其 实在 幽默 所有 的特 关联 理论 与 幽默 机 制 的解 读 征 中“ 占据 主导地 位”o [ 3 3 在接受说话 人信 息之前 , 听话 ( 一) 关联理论概要 但 实际 上 说话 人 的 关联理论 由斯博 伯 ( S p e r b e r ) 与威 尔逊 ( Wi l s o n ) 在 人本来有一 个 期待 和 预设 的解 释 , 这是一 种不 和谐 , 昕者 需 1 9 8 6年合著 的《 关 联 性 :交 际 与认 知 》 一 书 中提 出 , 关 信息却和这 种期 待完 全相 反 , 幽默就 在这种错位 中产 生了 。 联 理论实 际上是认 知语 用学 的 一个 分 支 , 它发 端 于符 付 出认知 努力重新理解 , 近年 来越来越多 的学者 用关联 理论 阐释 言语 幽默 号 学 的语 码 模 式 ( c o d e mo d e l o f s e m i o t i c s ) 和 格 莱 斯 ( Gr i c e ) 的合作原则 中的关联准则 ( r e l e v a n c e ma x i m) , 其 的产生和 解读 的认知 机 制 。从 关 联理 论 的视 角来 看 , 言语 幽 默 的 效 果 取 决 于 最 大 关 联 与 最 佳 关 联 的 反 后 历经嬗变 。 [ 4 3 影响最大关联 的各个参数关 系为 : 语境 效果越大 , 关联理论将语 言交 际看作一种“ 明示一 推理 ” 的认知 差 o 推理努 力越大 , 关联性 越大 。而最 佳关 联 过程 ( o s t e n s i v e - i n f e r e n t i a l p r o c e s s ) , 在这一过 程 中, 说话 关联性越 大 ; 这是 在 实 际 的语言 交 际 中人 们 人 发 出明示行为 , 向听话人 表 明 自己的交 际意 图 , 听话 性不一定 是最 大关 联 , 它需 要听话人 的推 导努力 , 对 说话 人 的信 息和 人 则需 要 在一 定 的认 知语 境 中识 别说 话 人 提供 的信 期待 的 , 意 图做 到最佳的理解 。 息, 同时努力推导对方 的意图 , 完成交 际 。 言语 幽默 的生 成 要对 语 言进 行 非常 规 的改造 , 可 关联理论有 两大核 心原则 : 一是认 知原 则 , 人类 认 以用 到一 些特殊的修辞手 段 , 如隐喻 、 双关 、 反讽 、 谐 音 、 知常常与最大关 联相 吻合 ; 二是 交 际原则 , 每一个 明示 押韵 等。言语幽默 的理解 和欣赏需 要交 际 双方 的共 同 的交际行 为都应 设 想为 它本 身 具 有 最佳 关 联性 。“ 关 说话 人要充分利 用恰 当 的语 境协 调语 言手 段 , 听 联性” 是一种 特性 , 表 示 交 际认 知 过程 中的 明示 刺激 , 努力 :

英国文学中的委婉语

英国文学中的委婉语

英国文学中的委婉语
英国文学中的委婉语指的是一种通过使用含蓄、礼貌、缓和语气等方式表达思想或情感的语言形式。

这种语言形式的出现可以追溯到英国文学的早期,比如莎士比亚的戏剧中就大量运用了委婉语。

委婉语的使用可以增强交流者之间的亲和力和信任感,同时也可以避免语言上的冲突和不必要的伤害。

委婉语常常用于表达对他人的建议、批评和嘱咐,以及在不同场合下的礼仪用语。

在英国文学中,委婉语的运用非常广泛,无论是小说、诗歌还是戏剧,都有它的身影。

比如,简·奥斯汀的小说《傲慢与偏见》中,女主角伊丽莎白对达西先生的批评就运用了委婉语,使得她的话语既有力度又不会过于冲突。

又比如,莎士比亚的《哈姆雷特》中,主人公哈姆雷特在对母亲的谈话中也使用了委婉语,用温和的口气劝告母亲改正错误。

总之,英国文学中的委婉语是一种重要的语言形式,它可以表达出情感和思想,同时也可以在交流中保持和谐和礼貌。

语言学预设视角下《是,首相》中语言幽默的分析

语言学预设视角下《是,首相》中语言幽默的分析

语言学预设视角下《是,首相》中语言幽默的分析作者:秦文月来源:《青年文学家》2017年第27期摘要:幽默的语言作为人类情感的独特表达方式,因为言语作为语言幽默的重要表达和体现形式,在生活中经常运用,本文主要介绍节选部分《是,首相》的情境片段,分析其中蕴含的语言学预设原理,并且以语言行为学作为基础,在分析语言幽默性前提下,探求其幽默产生的主要原因,主要目的是增加观众对英式幽默的理解。

关键词:语言学预设;《是,首相》;语言幽默作者简介:秦文月(1991.8-),女,汉族,吉林长春人,长春理工大学硕士研究生,研究方向:语言学、文学。

[中圖分类号]:J9 [文献标识码]:A[文章编号]:1002-2139(2017)-27--01本剧叙述在野党影子内阁成员哈克在帮助本党大选获胜之后得到行政事务部部长的职务,从此开始面对以秘书汉弗莱为首的公务员体系,两人的关系不停地发生变化,既有互相捂盖子,也有互相揭老底。

所有这些都是通过大量喜剧情节和台词展开。

一.对《是,首相》中对话中存在的预设的分析“预设”这一概念源于哲学领域,自20世纪六七十年代逐渐引入语言学领域,目前它已成为语用学研究的重点对象,却很少探索预设的形成公理以及如何运用该理论深层挖掘人类话语的特点。

[1]英国哲学家斯特劳森认为预设是一种特殊的语用推理,它跟逻辑含义或蕴含不同,它是指在词语的使用规约中得出的一种推理。

法国语言学家基南把预设看作是话语的社会合适性所需要满足的条件。

[2]在《是,首相》中存在很多关于预设的例子,比如:哈克:紧急情况下我能直接接通苏联主席吗?将军:理设论上可以。

哈克:理论上?将军:我们是这么跟记者说的。

确实接通过一次克林姆林宫,那边是个接线员。

哈克:他不能转过去吗?将军:不知道,他英语不好。

哈克:这条线多久测试一次?将军:尽量少测试,否则会给另一端带来不必要的恐慌。

在本段对话中,哈克刚上任首相,在视察中来到陆军指挥室,当首相提出一个问题时,将军应该做出直接、客观的回答,但是他却回答了过多的与问题看似不相关的答案,其中,“尽量少测试,否则会给另一端带来不必要的恐慌。

从合作原则角度解读《是,大臣》中的幽默

从合作原则角度解读《是,大臣》中的幽默

从合作原则角度解读《是,大臣》中的幽默作者:吴润妍来源:《青年文学家》2017年第26期摘要:英语幽默通常滑稽而含蓄,捧腹又发人深省,然而在欢笑背后却隐藏着深刻的含义。

本文从格莱斯的合作原则角度,对《是,大臣》中违反合作原则而产生会话含义的例子来分析幽默,从而深刻理解这部剧的内在含义。

关键词:会话;合作原则;英语幽默作者简介:吴润妍(1992.2-),女,汉族,陕西汉中人,长春理工大学硕士研究生,研究方向:语言学、文学。

[中图分类号]:H03 [文献标识码]:A[文章编号]:1002-2139(2017)-26--01一、引言幽默的言语不仅可以营造轻松的氛围,还可以化解冲突,改善人际关系。

《是,大臣》Yes, Minister于1980年首次在英国播出,广受评论家和大众喜爱,获奖纪录可观。

这部迷你喜剧涉及到英国政治体制中政客和文官之间的矛盾斗争。

本文从违反合作原则的四条准则对《是,大臣》中大臣与官员的对话分析出幽默效果及会话含义。

二、会话合作原则与幽默效果(1)会话合作原则格莱斯在《逻辑与会话》中提出:在语言交际中,为了达到特定的目标,说话人和听话人之间需要合作并遵守一定的准则,他称这种原则为会话的合作原则。

格莱斯根据会话模式概括出四条准则:①数量准则所说的话符合交际目的只需,不能说过多超过交际需要的话②质量准则不说假话,不说缺乏证据的话;会话中违反质的准则。

;③关联准则所答与所问相关;④方式准则包括:避免晦涩;避免歧义;简炼(避免啰嗦);要有条理。

遵循这四条准则,会话者会达到会话目的。

但在实际交际中,会话者会有意或者无意违反这些准则而产生幽默及其深层次含义。

以下例子是选自《是,大臣》第一季中的片段来分析违反合作原则所产生的幽默效果及其引申含义。

三、违反合作原则产生的幽默(1)故意违反质量准则而产生的幽默Example1:Humphrey:……you’d axed 800 jobs.Minister:Nobody has been recruited yet.That’s foully.大臣问到到底怎么可以做到精简行政部门呢?助理及其他同伙为了保存自己的利益,不同意此措施并没有从问题的根本出发去寻找解决办法,而是砍掉还未实行的监察办公室这一项目,名义上就可以发布新闻通告说政府已经裁员800余人。

英语委婉语的作用和使用分析

英语委婉语的作用和使用分析

英语委婉语的作用和使用分析【摘要】委婉语是一种比较常见的英语修辞方法,通常是用一些较为温和或间接的方式来替代令人感觉粗野的和直接的表达,而委婉语的使用往往会随着客观环境的变化而变化。

本文将着重对英语中委婉语的作用和使用进行分析。

【关键词】委婉语;作用;使用分析委婉语(euphemism)源于希腊语,是英语语言中一种常用的修辞方法,一般是用一种较为温和的、间接表达方式来代替原来容易被人们排斥的、直言不讳的表达方式。

1.委婉语的构成分析委婉语在构成上有很多种,如首字母组合法、标点符号法、同义词代替法、反面着笔法、比喻法、借代法等等。

如对于癌症的说法,通常就用其简写the Big C来代替;d-通常是指人们口头上说的damn(该死的)一词;slim有苗条的之意,有时候也委婉的指(skinny)瘦的,这就是同义词代替法;反面着笔法通常是从反面角度表达那些不愉快的事物或者人,以达到委婉表达的目的,如unwise指不聪明的;比喻法就是用描述的方法把人们不愿接受的说法进行转化,如死亡有时也说成是forever(长眠)等等。

2.委婉语的作用分析委婉语用来表达容易使受话人产生反感和厌恶情绪的语句。

用委婉的语气表达不仅能够使语句听起来缓和,让人容易接受;更体现了说话人的语言美,有利于创造一个和谐的话语气氛。

委婉语的作用大致分为三类,即表示遮蔽掩饰、表示美化或者淡化。

2.1表示遮蔽掩饰在我们的日常生活中常会遇到一些需要回避或者禁忌的事情,我们在表达上就必须使用委婉语,在起到这笔掩饰作用的同时,还能避免因为直接表达而产生的困扰与令人难以接受。

生老病死(Death and age)是人的正常生理现象,但是我们在表达死亡时,必须使用委婉语。

如我们经常使用的pass away 和funeral direction等。

此外,表达死亡的委婉语还有:the deceased(停止了生命的脚步),to leave this world(离世),to be called to God(见上帝去了),to make one’s exit(离开历史舞台)。

yes minister金句

yes minister金句

《Yes Minister》(是,大臣)是一部经典的英国政治讽刺喜剧,以下是一些剧中经典的金句:•We always dispose of the difficult bit in the title. Does less harm there than in the text. 我们总把最难的部分放在题目里,放在那里比放在文章里要无害多了。

•But surely the citizen’s of a democracy have a right to know. “不过民主政府的公民们当然有权利了解。

”•No. They have a right to be ignorant. Knowledge only means complicity and guilt.Ignorance has a certain dignity. “不,他们有被无知的权利。

知识代表着阴谋和罪行,无知反而代表一种尊严。

”•The Official Secrets Act is not protect secrets. It is protect officials. “《官方保密法》不是保护秘密的,是保护官方的。

”•This is a bit of cover up, isn’t? “这有点像在掩盖,不是吗?”•Certainly not. It is responsible discretion exercised in the national interest. “当然不是,这是基于国家利益的负责手段。

”•Fortunately, most of our journalists are incompetent. They would have the great difficulty in finding out that today is Wednesday. “幸好大多数记者素质低下,他们大概连今天是星期三都不知道。

《首相》中强势女性的欲望话语解读

《首相》中强势女性的欲望话语解读

作者: 耿潇
作者机构: 中南民族大学外国语学院,湖北武汉430074
出版物刊名: 内蒙古民族大学学报:社会科学版
页码: 52-54页
年卷期: 2013年 第3期
主题词: 安东尼·特罗洛普;《首相》;欲望话语;自我
摘要:安东尼·特罗洛普是19世纪伟大的维多利亚现实主义小说家,对英国社会中产阶级生活的真实描述令他成为批评界关注的焦点,强势的中产阶级女性是最具代表性的一类人物。

通过以雅克·拉康的欲望理论为背景,从福柯的“话语”角度分析特罗洛普的长篇小说《首相》,试图揭示小说中以格兰科拉太太为代表的强势的英国中产阶级女性实现欲望话语的两种方式,即作为虚无欲望表现方式的内在自我观念和具有异质性游戏特质的外在反抗行为,认为它们只是格兰科拉太太为实现内心欲望而构建的一个现实生活的牢笼。

是大臣是首相经典语录

是大臣是首相经典语录

是大臣是首相经典语录
1. “哎呀,这政治的水可真深啊,就像在迷雾中找路一样!” 比如哈,大臣在面对复杂的政治局面时就会感叹。

2. “首相大人的决定,那可真是牵一发而动全身啊,不是吗?” 就好像下棋,一步错步步错呀。

3. “嘿,大臣有时候就是得妥协,这和生活中咱得让步不是一个道理吗?” 你想想,和家人朋友相处不也这样嘛。

4. “首相的权威可不是随便能挑战的,那简直就是老虎的屁股摸不得!” 就像在学校里不能轻易挑战校长的权威一样。

5. “哇哦,大臣和首相之间的博弈,那可精彩了,跟拳击赛似的!” 你看他们在议会里争来争去不就像在拳台上较量嘛。

6. “大臣也有无奈的时候啊,这和咱普通人遇到困难有啥区别?” 比如工作中被各种要求困住的时候。

7. “首相的一句话,那能掀起千层浪啊,这影响力可大了去了!” 这就好比明星的一句话能引起粉丝的疯狂追捧。

8. “哎呀呀,大臣的那些小心思,谁还看不出来呢?” 就跟小孩子想偷吃糖果被发现一样明显。

9. “首相的策略,那可不是一般人能看懂的,高深着呢!” 就像解一道超级难的数学题一样。

10. “大臣和首相的关系,那真是微妙啊,比婆媳关系还难搞!” 你想想身边那些复杂的人际关系是不是这样。

原创不易,请尊重原创,谢谢!。

《是大臣》文字讲解

《是大臣》文字讲解

《是大臣》文字讲解
《是,大臣》是一部政治题材的情景喜剧,讲述了一位新任行政大臣吉姆·哈克在白厅内与部门内事务官斗争与合作的故事。

这部剧以其独特的喜
剧手法和对英国政治的辛辣讽刺而备受赞誉。

哈克,本剧的第一主角,是一位报社主编出身的政客。

他缺乏政治经验,常常被他的秘书长汉弗莱挖坑。

汉弗莱是一位经验丰富、城府深厚的常任秘书。

他善于把简单的“NO”复杂化成一箩筐言辞含糊、意义不明、颠来倒去、
不知所云的废话,常常还没等他说完,大臣就糊涂了。

另一位重要角色是公派秘书伯纳德,他言语不多,为人低调,有些热衷于咬文嚼字,但实际上极为聪明,能在两个主子之间走钢丝。

这部剧的主要情节就是围绕着这三个人展开的。

每集一个主题,时长30分钟,用幽默的方式展现了英国政治界的潜规则。

它以通俗易懂的方式展现了权力斗争的复杂性和政治的讽刺性,即使是非常深奥的一语双关,也有贴心的字幕组打上了注释。

这部剧被认为是经典之作,它的评价和影响力非常高。

豆瓣好评常年名列第一,没有一季是低于分的。

人们常说“三个男人一台戏”,用在这里应该是“三个老男人一台戏”。

总的来说,《是,大臣》是一部非常有趣、有启发性的政治喜剧。

它不仅能让人在娱乐中学习政治知识,而且也能帮助职场和体制内的人更好地理解政治运作的规则和技巧。

因此,我强烈推荐这部剧给所有人观看。

从社会语言学角度分析电视剧是大臣

从社会语言学角度分析电视剧是大臣

大臣拥有决策权,而 公务员则负责执行
这种语言态度反映了 当时英国政治文化中 的权力关系和等级制 度
4
社会互动与人际关系
社会互动与人际关系
《是,大臣》中的社会
互动和人际关系也具有
社会语言学的意义
2
在剧中,角色们之间的
互动通常是礼貌而正式
1
的,这反映了当时英国 社会的社交规范
此外,剧中的对话也展 示了人际关系的重要性
也反映了那个时代英国社会的身份认同
通过使用方言,角色们表达了对自身文化 和社区的归属感和认同感
3
语言态度与权力关系
语言态度与权力关系
《是,大臣》中的语 言态度也反映了权力 关系
这种权力关系在语言 上也有所体现
在英国政治文化中, 大臣和公务员之间的 权力关系是明显的
例如,大臣们在谈话 中经常使用命令式的 语言,而公务员则更 加谦逊和谨慎
通过研究这部电视剧,我们可 以更好地理解语言在社会中的 使用、权力的运作以及社会多 元性的表现形式
它不仅是一部幽默的喜剧,还 是一部展现了社会语言学理论 的生动教材
同时,《是,大臣》也为我们 提供了一个有趣的视角来观察 和理解社会语言学在日常生活 中的应用
-
感谢您的观看
Thanks
从社会语言学角度分 析电视剧《是,大臣

x xx x xxx x x x x
汇报人:XXXX
-
01 语言变化与时代背景 02 方言与身份认同 03 语言态度与权力关系 04 社会互动与人际关系 05 结论 06 语言在权力运作中的作用 07 语言的多样性与社会多元性 08 总结
从社会语言学角度分析电视剧《是,大臣》
它的语言反映了那个时代的社会背景和 政治氛围

是大臣经典语录

是大臣经典语录

是大臣经典语录
1. “历史就是无情对无脑的胜利史。


2. “如果我们无所作为就等于默认这篇演讲;如果我们发表声明,我们只会像傻瓜;如果我们提**,会被置之不理;如果我们断绝外交关系,就无法洽谈石油砖塔的合同;如果我们宣战,那就只可能显出我们反应过度。


3. “你要是不在报纸上露点丑,那你当什么政治家!”
4. “你是说一切都……” “处理好了,大臣。


5. “民主国家的公民当然有权利了解(政策)——不,他们有无知的权利。

知识代表着阴谋和罪行,无知倒有一定的尊严。

你不能知识让人们得其所愿,如果这对他们没有好处的话。


6. “你能保守秘密吗?” “我也能。


7. “马丁,有没有拿到新的美国寻址机器的发票复印件?我以为您说那是个机密文件——的确是这样,今天拿给他看吧。

哦,还有,让他在一摞文件的底部看到它——透明政府是我们宣言的主要纲领,首相也是这么认为的!”
8. “透明,是的。

不过不是裂了个大洞!搞政治就要学会怎样机智的说话!傻瓜!”。

是,首相(Yes, Prime Minister)经典对白——如何跟领导拐弯抹角

是,首相(Yes, Prime Minister)经典对白——如何跟领导拐弯抹角

使用复杂、抽象的英语表达也许是为了使文体更加正式,但有时故意把简单的事情说得复杂可能是“别有目的”。

试举英剧《是,首相》当中的一个片段为例——对话背景: 欧洲深受债务危机之困,各国首脑举行会议商议出路,但会议一直没有实质性进展。

首相Jim不仅被媒体指责毫无作为,还被党内同僚觊觎首相之位,乌纱帽朝不保夕。

秘书Humphrey私下里与Kumranistan(经查是虚构的国家)外交大臣达成口头协议,Kumranistan大臣表示愿意向欧洲提供十万亿贷款,只要之后欧洲各国向Kumranistan那里购买石油。

当Humphrey告诉Jim这个“好消息”时,Jim非常开心:他相信任何问题都将迎刃而解,甚至开始幻想自己的名字登上报纸头条、载入史册的伟大时刻。

然而,Humphrey 没有告诉首相,这个协议有个“隐含条件”——贷款必须经过ECB之手,这意味着英国如果不加入欧元区,就根本分不到贷款。

当然,英国首相是绝对不会同意英国加入欧元区的,秘书自然也很清楚这一点,所以刻意隐瞒了“隐含条件”。

而首相的另一得力助手发现了不对劲,私下里提醒首相可能有“诈”。

首相也开始担心被人挖了个“坑”,于是找来秘书,质问之。

(PM =Prime Minister; H=Humphrey)PM: This Kumranistan loan is all good news, isn’t it?H: Oh, tremendous news!PM: There are no hidden snags, you know? Terms and conditions? Penalty clauses? Tough guarantees?H: Oh, no, nothing like that. Standard agreement.PM: Great! Just an ordinary treasury loan, as far as we’re concerned?H: In a sense, yes.PM: In a sense? (frowning)H: Well, in due course, following agreed procedures, after certain formalities.PM: But the money goes straight to the Treasury (国库)?H: Yes, it goes to the Treasure, of course.PM: STRAIGHT to the Treasury?H: Well, broadly speaking, yes. More or less.PM: Broadly speaking? How would you describe it if you were narrowly speaking?Does it have to go through the European Central Bank?H: Prime Minister, we get the money, that is what matters.PM: Let me put this another way—will this loan be in euros?H: Prime Minister, I do urge you not to clutter your mind with procedural detail and monetary trivia.PM: Humphrey! In words of one syllable, is this plan dependent on our abandoning sterling (英国货币) and joining the euro?H: Well, “dependent” has three syllables, and “a-ban-don-ing” has four. (Fake-smiling “HA HA”)…PM: Humphrey! Answer my question!H: Alright, Prime Minister. You’ve asked a straight question, and I’ll give you a straight answer, which, however, clearly depends on its context. In the course of all financial negotiations, certain provisos have to be pre-cogitated and preconditioned; various caveats have to be postulated, designated, investigated and specified, and a number of considerations have to be unequivocally determined, acknowledged, and indeed, sometimes even conceded, so that we can facilitate the finalization of preliminary plans to create an epistemological basis for all parties to proceed towards a mutually beneficial consummation, which will acknowledge and safeguard the vital interests of all the participants without jeopardizing in any material way the underlying collective benefits, ultimately accruing to the signatories, or leaving unresolved any anomalies or irregularities which could precipitate operational uncertainty down the line, so that there will be a presumed modicum of iron-clad reciprocity, which, in the great scheme of things, will be to everyone’s advantage.(Applause from the audience...)PM: Did that mean yes or no?H: Don’t you think that yes and no are r ather broad and unspecific in their application?PM: No!I want a clear, unambiguous answer!H: Certainly. What was the question again?PM: Is joining the euro a condition of getting the loan?H: Well, in the sense that, if agreement, at the end of the day…PM: Humphrey! I repeat—Is joining the euro a condition of getting the loan?H: Yes, Prime Minister.(The End)Source: Yes, Prime Minister (2013), Season 1 Episode 1, 26’15’’-29’20’’.。

讽刺作品:如何正确而优雅地“吐槽”——英国小说《是,大臣》《是,首相》推介

讽刺作品:如何正确而优雅地“吐槽”——英国小说《是,大臣》《是,首相》推介

讽刺作品:如何正确而优雅地“吐槽”——英国小说《是,
大臣》《是,首相》推介
石锵
【期刊名称】《读写月报:高中版》
【年(卷),期】2015(000)005
【摘要】【作者】乔纳森·林恩安东尼·杰伊【译者】王艺徐国强闫春伶【出版社】生活·渎书·新知三联书店我是富士康3号流水线的张全蛋,英文名叫MiCheal JaCk法文名叫helodielaqueline像我们富士康这样的trans na tiona lenterprise经常会和不同国家的客户说一些技术上的meeting啊。

在我们厂里不会说英语啊,都会被经理fire掉的……我的英语算是很好的,那一般国外的厂商都是我负责接待的嘛。

【总页数】5页(P8-12)
【作者】石锵
【作者单位】江西
【正文语种】中文
【中图分类】G206.3
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英剧《是,首相》中的委婉语分析
作者:彭军
来源:《青年文学家》2017年第18期
摘要:委婉语是为了达到理想的交际效果而采用的一种策略,具有重要的交际功能。

本文以经典英剧《是,首相》为语料,对其中的委婉语做了具体分析。

以期使观众更好地理解剧中巧妙的语言运用。

关键词:《是,首相》;委婉语;分析
作者简介:彭军(1993-),女,汉,河北邢台人,长春理工大学英语语言文学研一硕士在读,研究方向为英语教学与语言学。

[中图分类号]:J8 [文献标识码]:A
[文章编号]:1002-2139(2017)-18--01
一、引言
委婉语是人类社会普遍存在的一种语言现象,指在特定的言语交际环境制约或作用下,为适应社会文化传统规范、风俗习惯和交际主体的心理需要,表达者不直言其事或直说本意,而选用具有与直接语所指或含义相同的语言手段或言语手段来替代或转换表达。

简言之,在日常生活中为了达到有效甚至高效交际,人们往往用一些模糊的、令人愉快的或礼貌的表达方式以避免一些话语所引起的人们情绪上或心理上的不适,这种语言现象就是委婉表达法。

委婉语作为一种社会文化现象,渗透在日常生活的方方面面。

本文拟从《是,首相》这一语料出发,探讨委婉语这一普遍存在的语言文化现象,进一步揭示委婉语的内在结构和重要性。

二、委婉语在《是,首相》中的体现
1.关于神灵的委婉语。

剧中首相的言语比较直白,语气也较为随意,语气词运用较多。

在第一季第一集中,首相用blimey来表达他对电报机用途的惊讶。

以及在第一季第二集中用good lord来体现其民调中反对征兵的人数的百分比。

实际上这两个委婉语都是由My God发展而来,这些委婉语传达给人的信息是:上帝的名字是神圣的。

在英语中,God, Gosh, Our Father等词语都可以拿来描述上帝。

2.关于体型和外貌的委婉语。

人们通常会采用较为委婉的语言对人的身体进行描述,如用slim代替bony lady,用plump形容过于肥胖的人。

weight problem和chubby也都是肥胖的委婉
表达,这些词汇的使用避免了直接使用fat带来的尴尬。

而在相貌上,对于相貌不佳则用plain 而不用ugly。

在第一季第二集中,对于首相不太漂亮的鼻子,化妆师和经纪人分别用了problem和shadow来形容。

3.关于特定事件的委婉语。

委婉语的最大特点是用意义宽泛的词语含蓄的避免直接提及这些事物的尴尬。

如relationship指恋爱关系;affair指桃色事件;lay off指解雇; needy代poor 等。

在第一季第一集中,首相助理用“picnic”來代替男士兵和女士兵之间的娱乐活动。

这些词汇体现了委婉语使语言表达更隐晦的作用,同时也从侧面反映了其被广泛应用的原因。

4.政治委婉语。

政治委婉语主要是起到了美化和弱化话语政治性的作用。

student strike被传达为student unrest,aggression被说成是police action, massacre被美化成是search and clear。

在第一季第一集中,顾问将conscription说成是national service来淡化征兵的强制性和不合理,在一定程度上为政治举措服务。

三、委婉语的特点
1.区域性。

区域性包括地域性和语域性。

不同地域由于其自然环境、社会背景和生活方式的不同,委婉语的特征也不尽相同。

如“铁饭碗”在中国有特殊的历史背景,因此会用来形容有固定工作的人。

委婉语的表达会因个体所处语境、身份、地位和受教育程度的不同而有所差异。

如:
What are you doing?
I’m a blue collar.
当今社会的进步和工业的快速发展使得工人阶级的地位有了大幅度提升,工人阶级的自称方式也发生了很大的转变。

当被问及职业时,回答不再是“钳工”、“钢铁工人”等确切职位的描述,而是blue collar这一更加委婉的回答。

社会地位的提高促使这一群体用委婉语自称,而委婉语的使用发过来又显示了其社会地位的提高。

2.可变性。

从历史的发展观点来看,语言处在不断地变化发展中,委婉语更甚。

在维多利亚女王时代,保守的社会风气使得人们不能对生理现象进行直接称呼,表达“怀孕”的委婉语in a certain condition和in the family way应运而生,但如今这些委婉语已经被时代淘汰。

委婉语的使用是伴随着社会发展的需要而不断发展的。

而今,随着社会发展和科技进步,委婉语已经形成了系统的体型和结构,在内容上也有了理性的影子,不再像早期时那般难以捉摸。

四、结语
在学习英语的过程中,除了学习语言本身,更要关注其背后所折射的社会文化背景。

《是,首相》作为综合性很强的语料,很适合英语专业学生进行深入细致的研究。

通过对剧中部分委婉语的总结和分析,可以认识并学习使用委婉语,进而对不同国家的文化习俗有所了解,更好地达到交际效果。

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[3]Hugh Rawson. Dictionary of Euphemisms and Other Doubletalk[M]. Castle Books, 2003.
[4]邓海. 英语委婉语的特点及其应用[J]. 西南民族学院学报, 1998 (8).
[5]何兆熊. 语言学概要[M]. 上海外语教学出版社, 1989.
[6]姚剑鹏. 委婉语的文化探源[J]. 山东外语教学, 2003 (4).
[7]徐艳丽. 美剧《生活大爆炸》中委婉语分析[J]. 语文学刊·外语教育教学, 2010 (2).。

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