余志远《英语国家概况》(2015年版)教材的配套题库(第十章 美国人口Population)【圣才出

第十章美国人口Population
Ⅰ.Multiple Choice.
1.Which of the following is not a characteristic of the Hispanic population in the U.S.?（北京交大2007研）
A.They all speak Spanish.
B.They are Catholics.
C.Most of them are poor.
D.They are all migrant workers.
【答案】D
【解析】拉美裔美国人是指来自美国本土以外讲西班牙语的移民；他们信仰天主教；失学率高，在劳动力市场上占劣势，因此大多数面临贫困问题。

Migrant Workers移民工人是指在某国工作但并非该国公民的人，选项D与事实不符，为正确答案。

2.The first blacks were brought to North America as_____.
A.servants
B.slaves
C.farmers
D.teachers
【答案】B
【解析】黑人最初是作为奴隶被带到北美的。

3.Which of the following was not a true description of southern blacks’situation after the Civil War?（中山大学2008研）
A.They were provided separate but equal facilities and services.
B.They were second-class citizens.
C.They were terrorized by the Ku Klux Klan.
D.Their freedom was restricted by“black codes”.
【答案】A
【解析】美国内战后，黑人名义上获得了平等，但事实上地位依然很低，权利也得不到保障；他们还受到三K党的暴力威胁；从19世纪70年代开始，美国南部各州制定了《黑人法典》，对黑人实行种族隔离或种族歧视。

选项A与事实不符，为正确答案。

4.About______of Americans own a gun.
A.15%
B.20%
C.25%
D.30%
【答案】C
【解析】美国有25%的人拥有枪支。

Ⅱ.Fill in the blanks:
1.In the United States,the idea of consumer protection received a big boost in 1962when President_____delivered a special message listing four basic
consumer rights:the right to safety,the right to be_____,the right to choose,and the right to be heard.（人大2003研）
【答案】Kennedy;informed
【解析】1962年，美国总统约翰·肯尼迪在国会上发表了《关于保护消费者利益的总统特别咨文》，首次提出消费者的四项权利：安全权、知情权、选择权与意见被尊重的权利。

2.Americans value having the time and_____to spend in individual activities,and many people enjoy_____leisure activities such as reading,gardening,walking, listening to music or watching TV.
【答案】privacy;solitary
【解析】美国人很重视在个人活动上有时间、有隐私，许多人喜欢独居时的休闲活动,如阅读、园艺、散步、听音乐或者看电视。

3.America as an______was understood to be made up of many different components that each retained its characteristic flavor,color and texture.
【答案】“salad bowl”
【解析】比喻成“沙拉碗”可以理解为美国由许多不同的部分组成,每个部分保留其独特风味，颜色和质地。

4.The population of USA is less than a quarter of the population of China,but there is less______in the USA than in China,which makes it difficult to generalize about the American way of life.
【答案】cultural coherence
【解析】美国的人口还不到中国人口的四分之一，但却比中国少了些文化一致性,这使得很难概括出美国的生活方式。

5.About______of the population in prison,the highest ratio in the world,partly because the justice system works hard to pursue criminals.
【答案】1%
【解析】大约占全国总人口1%的人在监狱服刑，这一比例居世界首位，部分原因是美国的司法制度的严密性造成的。

Ⅲ.Answer the following questions.
1.How is the population in the USA?
【答案】
There is a rather uneven distribution of the population in the USA.There are four densely-populated areas in the country.The first is the area along the Atlantic seaboard,where about50million people live.The second is the area around the five Great Lakes with about30million people living there.The third is the area along the Pacific coast,where there are some24million people.The last is the Gulf of Mexico along which there are about10million people.The number of people living in the four areas amounts to almost half of the total population in the nation.
2.What is counterculture?What are some of the forms of counterculture?（北京交大2003研）
【答案】
In the wake of the Free Speech Movement and the New Left appeared a phenomenon that historians called the counterculture.The counterculture rejected capitalism and other American principles.They had morals different from those taught by their parents.Some groups of youth tried to construct different ways of life.Among the most famous were the hippies.The counterculture exerted a great influence upon people’s attitudes toward social mores,marriage,career,and success.Rock and roll,folk music and drugs are used as some of the forms through which the counterculture expressed itself.Through protests,riots and anti-war demonstrations,the counterculture challenged the very structure of American society.。