语法资料

一．将下列带有强调句型的英文句子翻译成汉语。

1. It is, they say, the right to change employers which distinguishes employment from slavery.2. It is in this phase that sleep-walking can occur, with an average episode lasting no more than 15 minutes.3. It is because the birthrate fell earlier in Westem and Northwestem Europe than elsewhere, rather than because of any change in the death rate, that we have grown so old.4. Over the next nineteen hundred years the numbers of Asiatic lions in the other areas declined steadily, but it was only in the nineteenth century that they disappeared from everywhere but in India.5. It is the complex interrelationships between them which determine the conditions that promote health.6. It was not until two decades ago that transistors began to replace electron tubes on a large scale.7. It is the release of nuclear energy within the Sun which enables it to send out so much energy to the Earth.8. It was Hart who created the basic formula of the Westem film, and devised the protagonist he played in every film he made.二．使用强调句型，将下列汉语句子翻译成英文。

1．正是热使物质膨胀和融化。

2．直到上高中的时候我们才成为最好的朋友。

3．是当海明威生活在古巴时写的《老人与海》。

4．是我们社会的那些富裕的、有权势的人能够施加符合他们自己利益的变化。

5．直到1906年这种物质才最终被完全禁止。

6．是因为她母亲病了她昨天才没有去上学。

7．第一台电脑是在五十年前制造出来的，只是在大约过去三十年里它们才影响到我们的日常生活。

8．只是在最近天文学家才开始对黑洞进行具体研究。

9．不是你说话的内容而是你说话的方式触怒了你父亲。

10.直到她摘下墨镜我才意识到她是著名影星。

三．通过去除从句，分词结构以及较长的介词短语，确定下列各句的主体部分。

1. A great many processes depending on such research are sought for with complete secrecy until the stage at which patents can be taken out.2. Between midnight and dawn, when sleep will not come and all the old wounds begin to ache, I often have a nightmare vision of a future world in which there are billions of people, all numbered and registered, with not a gleam of genius anywhere, not an original mind, not a rich personality, on the whole packed globe.3. In order to analyze the levels of participation in education and science, three factors could be considered, including the average years of schooling, the number of scientists and technicians Per 1000 people, and the total amount of spending on research and development.4. However much is known about causes and consequences at the molecular level, and in spite of an enormous accumulation of chemical and morphological data on embryos of various kinds, our understanding of how genes control morphogenesis is still far from complete.6. The question of whether to divert themselves of stock in companies that do business in SouthAfrica is particularly troublesome for the nation's 116 private Black colleges because their economic bases are often more fragile than those of most predominant White colleges.7. When more general supervision and increased participation were provided, the employees' feeling of responsibility to see that the work got done increased.8. Although these molecules allow radiation at visible wave lengths where most of the energy of sunlight is concentrated, to pass through, they absorb some of the longer-wavelength, infrared emission radiated from the Earth's surface, radiation that would otherwise be transmitted back into space.9. Well established among segments of the middle and upper classes by the mid-1800's, this new view of childhood spread throughout society in the late nineteenth and early twentieth centuries as reformers introduced child labor regulations and compulsory education laws, and predicted in part on the assumption that a child's emotional value made child labor taboo.10.Should such an accident happen when the commanding officer is charging into a landing athigh speed and trusting to his backing power to stop in time, merely to show himself to be a smart ship handler, the result may be a smashed bow or some worse accident caused not by an effort to perform some important service but merely by bravado.11.Perhaps the fact that many of these first studies considered only algae of a size that could becollected in a net, a practice that overlooked the smaller phytoplankton that we now know grazers are most likely to feed on, led to a de-emphasis of the role of grazers in subsequent research.12.However, when investment flows primarily in one direction, as it generally does fromindustrial to developing countries, the seemingly reciprocal source-based restrictions produce revenue sacrifices primarily by the state receiving most of the foreign investment andproducing most of the income - namely, the developing country.四. 将下列复合句译成汉语1. The first people who were like ourselves lived so long ago that even their sagas, if they hadany, are forgotten.2.Stone does not decay, and so the tools of long ago have remained when even the bones of themen who made them have disappeared without trace.3. Young men who have reason to fear that they will be killed in battle may justifiably feel bitter in the thought that they have been cheated of the best things that life has to offer.4. When mother works economic advantages accrue, but children lose something of great value if mother's employment prevents her from being home to greet them when they return from school.5. In China men and women generally view marriage more similarly than differently.6. The problem of how health-care resources should be allocated or apportioned, so that they are distributed in both the most just and most efficient way, is not a new one.7.The way rewards are distributed should be transparent so that employees perceive that rewardsor outcomes are equitable and equal to the inputs given.8. The argument that poor children need to earn money for their family has been proven wrong in that, since they sacrifice a proper education, they can never move forward to greater earning opportunities for the rest of their life.9.Those who feel that sports stars' salaries are justified might argue that the number ofprofessionals with real talent are very few, and the money is a recognition of the skills and dedication a person needs to be successful.10.Whereas newly industrializing nations may be very eager to push away their old traditionalways entirely, some of the oldest industrialized nations are in many ways moving back toward their traditional heritage.11.It is true that during their explorations they often faced difficulties and dangers of the mostperilous nature, equipped in a manner which would make a modem climber shudder at the thought, but they did not go out of their way to court such excitement.12.The three oldest networks are the most extensive and carry the most passengers, whilst thesystems in Kyoto and Los Angeles are particularly small.五．将下列汉语翻译成英文，要求使用复合句。