第一套试题
普通地质学试题及答案
普通地质学试题及答案第一套地质学试题姓名___________学号___________成绩___________一、名词解释(4´某8共计32分)1.新构造运动2.风化壳3.莫霍面4.标准化石5.岩石圈6.矿物7.向斜8.转换断层二、填空(1´某20共计20分)。
1、古登堡面是__________和___________的分界面。
2、火山喷发类型有_________和_________两类。
3、火成岩可以分为超基性、基性、中性、酸性、脉岩等类别,请按此顺序分别列举一类岩石名称_________、__________、____________、____________、_________。
4、中生代从早到晚有,它们的代号分别为5、变质作用包括_________、___________和___________三类。
6、火山碎屑岩按照碎屑粒径大小可以划分为__________、________和_________三类。
7、岩石变形发展的三个阶段是___________、____________、____________。
三、选择题(20某1共计20分)1、人和真象,真马等出现于哪一个纪___________。
A、JB、KC、TD、Q2、印支运动发生于______纪。
A、石炭纪B、二叠纪C、三叠纪D、白垩纪3、矽卡岩型矿床是下列哪一种变质作用形成的_____。
A、接触交代型变质作用B、区域变质作用C、埋藏变质作用D、动力变质作用4、加里东运动发生于________。
A、中生代B、晚古生代C、早古生代D、新生代5、下列哪一种褶皱构造一定发生了地层倒转________。
A、倾伏褶皱B、直立褶皱C、倾斜褶皱D、翻卷褶皱6、在推覆构造中,由于强烈侵蚀作用,如果较年轻岩块出露于较老岩块之中,这种构造称为________。
A、飞来峰B、构造窗C、逆掩断层D、冲断层7、片理构造是区域变质岩中的常见构造,下列哪一种片理构造变质作用最强______。
先秦至唐宋文常试题10套(附答案)
先秦至唐宋文学史试题库(客观试题)第一套试题一、填空题(每空1分,计20分)1、是我国第一部诗歌总集。
2、《诗经》农事诗中最优秀和风诗中最长的一篇是。
3、“见贤思齐,见不贤而内自省也”一语出自一书。
4、《春秋》是我国第一部_______________体史书。
5、“路漫漫其修远兮,”见于屈原的《________》。
6、《阮步兵集》的作者是________。
7、陶渊明《饮酒》中富有哲理的诗句是:“问君何能尔,________。
8、文学史上认为西汉枚乘所作的《七发》是向转变时期的作品。
9、是我国文学史上第一个以田园景色和田园生活为题材进行大量诗歌创作的杰出诗人。
10、庾信的诗,初步融合了南北诗风,杜说:“庾信文章老更成,,”又说:“庾信平生最萧瑟,。
”11、被誉为“七绝圣手”的唐代诗人是___ _。
12、杜甫诗歌风格多样,但为历来所公认的主要风格是“_ __ _”。
13、李白诗句:“蓬莱文章建安骨,中间小谢又清发。
”“小谢”指________。
14、杜甫的《》被称为生平第一快诗”。
15、“醉翁之意不在酒,”,出自欧阳修《》。
16、,乱红飞过秋千去。
二、单向选择题(每题1分,计10分)1、《诗经》中国风的篇数是()。
A一百六十篇B三百零五篇C一百零五篇D四十篇2、我国历来将“风”、“骚”并称,这里指我国古代的优秀诗歌作品是()A屈原和宋玉的作品B原始歌谣和原始神话C《诗经》和《楚辞》D《国风》和《离骚》3、秦代唯一的作家是()A吕不韦B秦始皇C李斯D赵高4、下列属于《史记·项羽本纪》中的人物的事()A侯生B高渐离C范增D田蚡5、标志汉大赋正式形成的第一篇作品是()A司马相如的《子虚赋》B贾谊的《吊屈原赋》C枚乘的《七发》D杨雄的《羽猎赋》6、建安七子中成就最高的作家是()A孔融B陈琳C阮瑀D王粲7、南北朝骈赋、骈文成就最高的作家是()A庾信B江淹C郦道元D鲍照8、唐传奇《霍小玉传》的作者是()A.杜光庭B李朝威C白行简.D蒋防9、吕本中是第一个用宗派观念论诗人群体的人,他率先提出的诗派名称是()A江西诗派B剑南诗派C江湖诗派 D晚唐诗派10、作诗初学江西派,后学王安石及晚唐而自成一家,世号“诚斋体”的南宋诗人是()A杨万里B.范成大C陆游. D尤袤第二套试题一、填空题(每空1分,计20分)1、《诗经》农事诗中最优秀和风诗中最长的一篇是。
第一套题试题及答案
1计算机诞生于( B)A.1941年B.1946年C.1949年D.1950年2. 世界上首次提出存储程序计算机体系结构的是(D)A.莫奇莱B.艾仑·图灵C.乔治·布尔D.冯·诺依曼3、世界上第一台电子数字计算机采用的主要逻辑部件是(A)A.电子管B.晶体管C.继电器D.光电管4、下列叙述正确的是( D)A.世界上第一台电子计算机ENIAC.首次实现了“存储程序”方案B.按照计算机的规模,人们把计算机的发展过程分为四个时代C.微型计算机最早出现于第三代计算机中D.冯·诺依曼提出的计算机体系结构奠定了现代计算机的结构理论基础5、一个完整的计算机系统应包括(B)A.系统硬件和系统软件B.硬件系统和软件系统C.主机和外部设备D.主机、键盘、显示器和辅助存储器6、微型计算机硬件系统的性能主要取决于(A)A.微处理器B.内存储器C.显示适配卡D.硬磁盘存储器7、微处理器处理的数据基本单位为字。
一个字的长度通常是( D)A.16个二进制位B.32个二进制位C.64个二进制位D.与微处理器芯片的型号有关8、计算机字长取决于哪种总线的宽度( B )A.控制总线B.数据总线C.地址总线D.通信总线9、多年来,人们习惯于从计算机主机所使用的主要元器件把计算机的发展进行分代,所谓第4代计算机使用的主要元器件是________。
Da)电子管b)晶体管c)中小规模集成电路d)大规模和超大规模集成电路10、微型计算机中,运算器的主要功能是进行( C) A.逻辑运算B.算术运算C.算术运算和逻辑运算D.复杂方程的求解11、下列存储器中,存取速度最快的是( D )A.软磁盘存储器B.硬磁盘存储器C.光盘存储器D.内存储器12、下列打印机中,打印效果最佳的一种是( B )A.点阵打印机B.激光打印机C.热敏打印机D.喷墨打印机13、下列因素中,对微型计算机工作影响最小的是( D ) A.温度B.湿度C.磁场D.噪声14、CPU不能直接访问的存储器是( D )A.ROMB.RAMC.CACheD.CD-ROM15、微型计算机中,控制器的基本功能是( D )A.存储各种控制信息B.传输各种控制信号C.产生各种控制信息D.控制系统各部件正确地执行程序16、下列四条叙述中,属RAM特点的是( B)A.可随机读写数据,且断电后数据不会丢失B.可随机读写数据,断电后数据将全部丢失C.只能顺序读写数据,断电后数据将部分丢失D.只能顺序读写数据,且断电后数据将全部丢失17、在微型计算机中,运算器和控制器合称为( C ) A.逻辑部件B.算术运算部件C.微处理器D.算术和逻辑部件18、在微型计算机中,ROM是(C )A.顺序读写存储器B.随机读写存储器C.只读存储器D.高速缓冲存储器22、计算机内部信息的表示及存储往往采用二进制形式,采用这种形式的最主要原因是( D )A.计算方式简单B.表示形式单一C.避免与十进制相混淆D.与逻辑电路硬件相适应24、下列设备中,属于输出设备的是( B)A.扫描仪B.显示器C.触摸屏D.光笔25、下列设备中,属于输入设备的是( C )A.声音合成器B.激光打印机C.光笔D.显示器26、微型计算机配置高速缓冲存储器是为了解决( D )A.主机与外设之间速度不匹配问题B.CPU与辅助存储器之间速度不匹配问题C.内存储器与辅助存储器之间速度不匹配问题D.CPU与内存储器之间速度不匹配问题27、下列存储器中,断电后信息将会丢失的是( B)A.R0MB.RAMC.CD-ROMD.磁盘存储器29、32位微机中的32是指该微机( A)A.能同时处理32位二进制数B.能同时处理32位十进制数C.具有32根地址总线D.运算精度可达小数点后32位30、具有多媒体功能的微型计算机系统中使用的CD-ROM是一种( C )A.半导体存储器B.只读型硬磁盘C.只读型光盘D.只读型大容量软磁盘31、存储器中存放的信息可以是数据,也可以是指令,这要根据( C )A.最高位是0还是1来判别B.存储单元的地址来判别C.CPU执行程序的过程来判别D.ASCII码表来判别32、20根地址线的寻址范围可达( B) 说明:2的20次方A.512KBB.1024KBC.640KBD.4096KB33、将十进制数93转换为二进制数为( D )A.1110111B.1110101C.1010111D.101110134、微型计算机中普遍使用的字符编码是( D )A.BCD码B.拼音码C.补码D.ASCII码35、执行下列二进制数算术加法运算10101010+00101010,其结果是(A ) A.11010100B.11010010C.10101010D.0010101037、下列描述中,正确的是( B )A.1KB = 1024×1024BytesB.1MB = 1024 ×1024BytesC.1KB = 1024MBD.1MB = 1024Bytes38、下列英文中,可以作为计算机中数据单位的是( B )A.BitB.ByteC.BoutD.BAnD39、计算机能够直接识别和处理的语言是( C )A.汇编语言B.自然语言C.机器语言D.高级语言41、发现微型计算机染有病毒后,较为彻底的清除方法是(D )A.用查毒软件处理B.用杀毒软件处理C.删除磁盘文件D.重新格式化磁盘42、微型计算机采用总线结构连接CPU、内存储器和外部设备,总线由三部分组成,它包括( D )A.数据总线、传输总线和通信总线B.地址总线、逻辑总线和信号总统C.控制总统、地址总线和运算总线D.数据总线。
特种设备安全管理人员题库
特种设备作业人员安全管理模拟题(第一套)1、《特种设备使用管理规则》规定,使用单位应当逐台建立特种设备安全与节能技术档案。
判断正确答案:正确2、《特种设备使用管理规则》规定,特种设备改造完成后,使用单位办理改造变更,登记机关应当办理新的使用登记证,并在原使用登记证和原使用登记表上作注销标记。
判断正确答案:正确3、《特种设备使用管理规则》规定,特种设备使用单位应当按照特种设备相关法律、法规、规章和安全技术规范的要求,建立健全特种设备使用安全节能管理制度。
判断正确答案:正确4、《特种设备使用管理规则》规定,法律对维护保养单位有专门资质要求的,使用单位应当选择具有相应资质的单位实施维护保养。
鼓励其他特种设备使用单位选择具有相应能力的专业化、社会化维护保养单位进行维护保养。
判断正确答案:正确5、《特种设备使用管理规则》规定,特种设备登记工作完成后,登记机关应当将特种设备基本信息录入特种设备管理信息系统,实施动态管理。
判断正确答案:正确6、当氧舱发生舱体内爆燃事故,应首先打开紧急泄压阀判断正确答案:错误7、充装介质为天然气的移动式压力容器,在装卸过程中管口发生泄漏并被静电引燃,应优先采取的应急响应措施是将设备移动到安全地点判断正确答案:错误8、按《特种设备安全法》规定,特种设备达到安全技术规范规定的其他报废条件,未依法履行报废义务,并办理使用登记证书注销手续的,责令限期改正,逾期未改正的,责令停止使用有关特种设备,处三万元以上三十万元以下罚款:判断正确答案:错误9、按《特种设备安全法》规定,除为公众提供服务的特种设备的运营使用单位外,其他特种设备使用单位,应当根据情况设置特种设备安全管理机构或者配备专职的特种设备安全管理人员。
判断正确答案:错误10、《特种设备安全法》规定,违反本法规定,特种设备安全管理人员、作业人员不履行岗位职责,违反操作规程和有关安全规章制度,造成事故的,对相关人员处以罚款(吊销相关人员的资格)。
2024年高中物理教师专业考试试题及答案(三套)
2024年高中物理教师专业考试试题及答案(三套)第一套试题一、选择题(每题5分,共25分)1. 物体在水平面上做匀速直线运动时,下列哪个物理量的单位是牛顿?A. 速度B. 加速度C. 力D. 时间2. 下列哪个物理现象与折射现象无关?A. 凸透镜成像B. 光纤通信C. 声音的传播D. 水底看起来比实际的要浅3. 一辆汽车以60km/h的速度行驶,突然刹车后以6m/s²的加速度减速,汽车刹车到停止所需的时间是多少?A. 10sB. 12sC. 15sD. 20s4. 下列哪个物理量的单位是帕斯卡?A. 力B. 压力C. 速度D. 面积5. 一个物体做简谐振动,其振动方程为x=Acos(ωt+φ),下列哪个物理量表示振动的周期?A. AB. ωC. tD. 2π/ω二、填空题(每题5分,共25分)1. 在自由落体运动中,物体从静止开始下落的加速度称为重力加速度,其大小为____m/s²。
2. 光在真空中的传播速度为____m/s。
3. 电阻R、电流I和电压U之间的关系式为____=UI。
4. 一个物体做匀速圆周运动,其向心加速度a与半径r和线速度v之间的关系为____=v²/r。
5. 在能量守恒定律中,一个系统的内能变化等于其____与对外做功的代数和。
三、计算题(每题10分,共30分)1. 一物体从高度h=10m自由落下,求物体落地时的速度和落地前0.1s的瞬时速度。
2. 一根长为L=10cm的光纤,两端分别以入射角i=30°和折射角r=45°从空气中进入光纤。
求光纤的折射率n。
3. 一辆汽车以60km/h的速度行驶,突然刹车后以6m/s²的加速度减速。
求汽车刹车后5s内的位移和刹车到停止所需的时间。
第二套试题一、选择题(每题5分,共25分)1. 物体在水平面上做匀速直线运动时,下列哪个物理量的单位是牛顿?A. 速度B. 加速度C. 力D. 时间(此处省略第二套试题剩余题目,以及第三套试题的全部内容,以节省空间。
心理学试题及答案10套
心理学试题及答案10套第一套试题1. 什么是心理学?心理学是研究人类心理活动和行为的科学。
它关注个体的认知、情感、行为以及人际关系等方面,并通过实证研究来了解人类思维和行为的规律。
2. 请简要解释以下术语:a) 情绪智力(Emotional Intelligence):指个体理解、管理和利用情绪的能力。
b) 群体动力学(Group Dynamics):研究群体内部成员之间相互作用和影响的过程。
c) 学习理论(Learning Theory):研究学习过程及其对行为和认知的影响的理论。
d) 心智模型(Mental Model):个体根据经验和信息建立的对事物的认知模式。
3. 请解释经典条件作用(Classical Conditioning)和操作条件作用(Operant Conditioning)的区别。
经典条件作用是一种学习形式,通过将一种无条件刺激与另一种有条件刺激相结合,形成刺激-反应的关联。
而操作条件作用则是通过对行为给予奖励或惩罚,以增强或抑制特定的行为。
4. 请简要描述以下人格理论:a) 心理动力学理论(Psychodynamic Theory):强调潜意识和童年经验对人格发展的影响。
b) 行为主义理论(Behaviorist Theory):将人格视为对环境刺激的响应,认为人格可以通过学习和塑造来改变。
c) 人本主义理论(Humanistic Theory):强调个体自我实现和个人成长的重要性。
5. 请解释认知失调理论(Cognitive Dissonance Theory)。
认知失调理论指出,当一个个体的思想、信念或行为与其持有的其他信念、价值观或行为不一致时,会产生一种不舒服或紧张的状态。
个体会通过改变思想、调整信念或合理化行为来减轻这种不一致。
第二套试题1. 请解释以下概念:a) 自我效能感(Self-efficacy):个人对自身能够成功完成特定任务的信心。
b) 恐惧条件作用(Fear Conditioning):通过将一个无害的刺激与一个负性的刺激相结合,使个体对该刺激产生恐惧的学习过程。
全国计算机等级考试一级真题附答案
第一套真题题库试题1.以下表达中,正确的选项是〔〕A) CPU能直接读取硬盘上的数据B) CPU能直接存取内存储器C) CPU由存储器、运算器和控制器组成D) CPU主要用来存储程序和数据【解析】CPU不能读取硬盘上的数据,但是能直接访问内存储器;CPU主要包括运算器和控制器;CPU是整个电脑的核心部件,主要用于控制电脑的操作。
2.1946年首台电子数字电脑ENIAC问世后,冯·诺依曼(Von Neumann)在研制EDVAC电脑时,提出两个重要的改良,它们是〔〕。
A) 引入CPU和内存储器的概念B) 采用机器语言和十六进制C) 采用二进制和存储程序控制的概念D) 采用ASCII编码系统【解析】和ENIAC相比,EDVAC的重大改良主要有两方面:一是把十进制改成二进制,这可以充分发挥电子元件高速运算的优越性;二是把程序和数据一起存储在电脑内,这样就可以使全部运算成为真正的自动过程。
3.汇编语言是一种〔〕。
A) 依赖于电脑的低级程序设计语言B) 电脑能直接执行的程序设计语言C) 独立于电脑的高级程序设计语言D) 面向问题的程序设计语言【解析】汇编语言无法直接执行,必须翻译成机器语言程序才能执行。
汇编语言不能独立于电脑;面向问题的程序设计语言是高级语言。
128MB,硬盘容量为10GB。
硬盘的容量是内存容量的〔〕。
A) 40倍B) 60倍C) 80倍D) 100倍【解析】1GB=1024MB=210MB,128MB=27MB,10GB=80*128MB。
5. 电脑的硬件主要包括:中央处理器(CPU)、存储器、输出设备和〔〕。
A) 键盘B) 鼠标C) 输入设备D) 显示器【解析】电脑硬件包括CPU、存储器、输入设备、输出设备。
6. 20GB的硬盘表示容量约为〔〕。
A) 20亿个字节B) 20亿个二进制位C) 200亿个字节D) 200亿个二进制位非零无符号二进制整数之后添加一个0,则此数的值为原数的〔〕。
医学统计学试题及答案
第一套试卷及参考答案一、选择题(40分)1、根据某医院对急性白血病患者构成调查所获得的资料应绘制( B )A 条图B 百分条图或圆图C线图D直方图2、均数和标准差可全面描述 D 资料的特征A 所有分布形式B负偏态分布C正偏态分布D正态分布和近似正态分布3、要评价某市一名5岁男孩的身高是否偏高或偏矮,其统计方法是( A )A 用该市五岁男孩的身高的95%或99%正常值范围来评价B 用身高差别的假设检验来评价C 用身高均数的95%或99%的可信区间来评价D 不能作评价4、比较身高与体重两组数据变异大小宜采用(A )A 变异系数B 方差C 标准差D 四分位间距5、产生均数有抽样误差的根本原因是( A )A。
个体差异B。
群体差异 C. 样本均数不同D。
总体均数不同6. 男性吸烟率是女性的10倍,该指标为( A )(A)相对比(B)构成比(C)定基比(D)率7、统计推断的内容为( D )A.用样本指标估计相应的总体指标 B。
检验统计上的“检验假设” C. A和B均不是 D。
A和B均是8、两样本均数比较用t检验,其目的是检验( C )A两样本均数是否不同B两总体均数是否不同C两个总体均数是否相同D两个样本均数是否相同9、有两个独立随机的样本,样本含量分别为n1和n2,在进行成组设计资料的t检验时,自由度是( D )(A)n1+ n2(B)n1+ n2–1 (C)n1+ n2 +1 (D) n1+ n2 -210、标准误反映(A )A 抽样误差的大小 B总体参数的波动大小 C 重复实验准确度的高低 D 数据的离散程度11、最小二乘法是指各实测点到回归直线的(C)A垂直距离的平方和最小B垂直距离最小C纵向距离的平方和最小D纵向距离最小12、对含有两个随机变量的同一批资料,既作直线回归分析,又作直线相关分析。
令对相关系数检验的t值为t r,对回归系数检验的t值为t b,二者之间具有什么关系?(C)A t r>t bB t r〈t bC t r= t b D二者大小关系不能肯定13、设配对资料的变量值为x1和x2,则配对资料的秩和检验(D )A分别按x1和x2从小到大编秩B把x1和x2综合从小到大编秩C把x1和x2综合按绝对值从小到大编秩D把x1和x2的差数按绝对值从小到大编秩14、四个样本率作比较,χ2>χ20.05,ν可认为( A )A各总体率不同或不全相同 B各总体率均不相同C各样本率均不相同 D各样本率不同或不全相同15、某学院抽样调查两个年级学生的乙型肝炎表面抗原,其中甲年级调查35人,阳性人数4人;乙年级调查40人,阳性人数8人。
2023年12月大学英语四级第一套真题和答案
12月大学英语四级试题(第一套)。
Part I Writing (30minutes)(请于正式开考后半小时内完毕该部分,之后将进行听力考试)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30 minutes to write an essay .Suppose you are two options upon graduation:one is to find a job somewhere and the other to start a business of your own. You are to make a choice between the two. Write an essay to explain the reasons for your choice. You should write at least 120 words but no more than 180 words.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,you will hear three news reports. At the end of each news report,you will hear two or three questions. Both the news report and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C). Then mark the corresponding letter on the Answer sheet1with a single line through the centre.Questions 1and 2 are based on the news report you have just the heard.1. A)It was dangerous to live in.C)He could no longer pay the rent.B)It was going to be renovated. D)He had sold it to the royal family.2. A)A strike. B)A storm. C)A forest fire. D)A Terrorist attack. Questions 3and 4 are based on the news report you have just heard.3. A)They lost contact with the emergency department.B)They were trapped in an underground elevator.C)They were injured by suddenly falling rocks.D)They sent calls for help via a portable radio.4. A)They tried hard to repair the accident.B)They released the details of the accident.C)They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.D)They provided the miner with food and water.Question5 to7 are based on the news report you have just heard.5. A)Raise postage rates. C)Redesign delivery routes.B)Improve its services. D)Close some of its post offices.6. A)Shortening business hours. C)Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.B)Closing offices on holidays. D)Computerizing mail sorting processes.7. A)Many post office staff will lose their jobsB)Many people will begin to complainC)Taxpayers will be very pleasedD)A lot of controversy will ariseSection BDirections:In this section,you will hear two long conversations. At the end of each conversation,you will hear four questions. Both the conversation and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from four choice marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter an Answer sheet1 with a single line though the centre.Question8 to 11 are based on the conversation you have just heard.8. A)He will be kept from promotion. C)He will be given a warning.B)He will go through retraining. D)He will lose part of his pay.9. A)He is always on time. C)He is an experienced press operator.B)He is trustworthy guy. D)He is on good terms with his workmates. 10. A)She is a trade union representative.C)She is a senior manager of the shop.B)She is in charge of public relation. D)She is better at handing such matters. 11. A)He is skilled and experienced. C)He is always trying to stir up trouble.B)He is very close to the manager. D)He is always complaining about low wages. Question12 to 15 are based on the conversation you have just heard.12. A)Open. B)Friendly. C)Selfish. D)Reserved.13. A)They stay quiet. C)They talk about the weatherB)They read a book. D)They chat with fellow passengers.14. A)She was always treated as a foreigner.B)She was eager to visit an English castle.C)She was never invited to a colleague’s home.D)She was unwilling to make friends with workmates.15. A)House are much more quiet. C)They want to have more space.B)Houses provide more privacy.D)They want a garden of their own.Section CDirections:In this section,you will hear three passages. At the end of each passage,you will hear three or four questions. Both the passage and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a question,you must choose the best answer from the four choices marked A),B),C)and D).Then mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet 1 with a single line through the centre.Questions 16 to 18 are based on the passage you have just heard.16. A)They don’t have much choice of jobs.B)They are likely to get much higher pay.C)They don’t have to go through job interviews.D)They will automatically be given hiring priority.17. A)Ask their professors for help. C)Visit the school careers services.B)Look at school bulletin boards. D)Go through campus newspapers.18. A)Helping students find the books and journals they need.B)Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.C)Helping students arrange appointments with librarians.D)Providing students with information about the library.Questions 19 to 21 are based on the passage you have just heard.19. A)It tastes better. C)It may be sold at a higher price .B)It is easier to grow. D)It can better survive extreme weathers.20. A)It is healthier than green tea. C)It will replace green tea one day.B)It can grow in drier soil. D)It is immune to various diseases.21. A)It has been well received by many tea drinkers.B)It does not bring the promised health benefits.C)It has made tea farmers’ life easier.D)It does not have a stable market.Questions 22 to 25 are based on the passage you have just heard.22. A)They need decorations to show their status.B)They prefer unique objects of high quality.C)They decorate their homes themselves.D)They care more about environment.23. A)They were proud of their creations.B)They could only try to create at night.C)They made great contributions to society.D)They focused on the quality of their products.24. A)Make wise choices. C)Design handicrafts themselves.B)Identify fake crafts. D)Learn the importance of creation.25. A)To boost the local economy. C)To arouse public interest in crafts.B)To attract foreign investments. D)To preserve the traditional culture.PARTⅢReading Comprehension (40 minutes)Section ADirections:In this section,there is a passage with ten blanks. You are required to select one word for each blank from a list of choices given in a word bank following the passage. Read the passage through carefully before making your choices. Each choice in the bank is identified by a letter. Please mark the corresponding letter for each item on Answer Sheet 2 with a single line through the centre. You may not use any of the words in the bank more than once.When someone commits a criminal act, we always hope the punishment will match the offense. But when it comes to one of the cruelest crimes —animal fighting —things 26 work out that way. Dog fighting victims are 27 and killed for profit and “sport,” yet their criminal abusers often receive a 28 sentence for causing a lifetime of pain. Roughly half of all federally-convicted animal fighters only get probation(缓刑).Some progress has been made in the prosecution(起诉) of animal fighters. But federal judges often rely heavily on the U.S. Sentencing Guidelines when they 29penalties, and in the case of animal fighting, those guidelines are outdated and extremely30.The U.S. Sentencing Commission, which31these sentencing guidelines, is revisiting them, proposing to raise the minimum sentence from 6-12 to 21-27 months. This is a step in the right 32, but we’d like to see the U.S. Sentencing Commission make further guidelines.Simultaneous to this effort, we’re working with animal advocates and state and federal lawmakers to 33 anti-cruelty laws across the country, as well as supporting laws and policies that assist overburdened animal34that care for animal fighting victims. This help is35 important because the high cost of caring for animal victims is a major deterrent to intervening in cruelty cases in the first place.Section BDirections:In this section,you are gonging to read a passage with ten statements attached to it. Each statement contains information given in one of the paragraphs. Identify the paragraph from which the information is derived. You may choose a paragraph more than once. Each paragraph is marked with a letter. Answer the questions by marking the corresponding letter on Answer sheet 2.When Work Becomes a Game[A]What motivates employees to do their jobs well? Competition with coworkers, for some. The promise of rewards, for others. Pure enjoyment of problem-solving, for a lucky few. [B]Increasingly, companies are tapping into these desires directly through what’s come to be known as “gamification:” essentially, turning work into a game. “Gamification is about understanding what it is that makes games engaging and what game designers do to create a great experience in games, and taking those learnings and applying them to other contexts such as the workplace and education,” explains Kevin Werbach, a gam ification expert who teaches at the Wharton School of Business at the University of Pennsylvania in the United States..[C]It might mean monitoring employee productivity on a digital leaderboard and offering prizes to the winners, or giving employees digital badges or stars for completing certain activities. It could also mean training employees how to do their jobs through video game platforms. Companies from Google to IBM to Wells Fargo are known to use some degree of gamification in their workplaces. And more and more companies are joining them. A recent report suggests that the global gamification market will grow from $1.65 billion in to $11.1billion by .[D]The concept of gamification is not entirely new, Werbach says. Companies, marketers and teache rs have long looked for fun ways to engage people’s reward-seeking or competitive spirits. Cracker Jacks has been “gamifying” its snack food by putting a small prize inside for more than 100 years, he adds, and the turn-of-the-century steel magnate Charles Schwab is said to have often come into his factory and written the number of tons of steel produced on the past shift on the factory floor, thus motivating the next shift of workers to beat the previous one.[E]But the word “gamification” and the widespre ad, conscious application of the concept only began in earnest about five years ago, Werbach says. Thanks in part to video games, the generation now entering the workforce is especially open to the idea of having their work gamified. “We’re at a point wher e in much of the developed world the vast majority of young people grew up playing [video] games, and an increasingly high percentage of adults play these video games too,” Werbach says.[F]A number of companies have sprung up—GamEffective, Bunchball and Badgeville, to name a few—in recent years offering gamification platforms for businesses. The platforms that are most effective turn employees’ ordinary job tasks into part of a rich adventure narrative. “What makes a game game-like is that the player actua lly cares about the outcome,” Werbach says. “The principle is understanding what is motivating to this group of players, which requires some understanding of psychology.”[G]Some people, Werbach says, are motivated by competition. Sales people often fall into this category. For them, the right kind of gamification might be turning their sales pitches into a competition with other team members, complete with a digital leaderboard showing who’s winning at all times.Others are more motivated by collaboration and social experiences. One company Werbach has studied uses gamification to create a sense of community and boostemployee morale. When employees log in to their computers, they’re shown a picture of one of their coworkers and asked to guess that person’s name.[H]Gamification does not have to be digital. Monica Cornetti runs a company that gamifies employee trainings. Sometimes this involves technology, but often it does not. She recently designed a gamification strategy for a sales training company with a storm-chasing theme. Employees formed “storm chaser teams” and competed in storm-themed educational exercises to earn various rewards.“Rewards don’t have to be stuff,” Cornetti says. “Rewards can be flextime. Rewards can be extension time.”Another trainin g, this one for pay roll law, used a Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs theme. Snow White is public domain, but the dwarfs are still under copyright, so Cornetti invented sound-alike characters (Grumpy Gus, Dopey Dan) to illustrate specific pay roll law principles.[I]Some people don’t take as naturally to gamified work environments, Cornetti says. In her experience, people in positions of power or people in finance or engineering don’t tend to like the sound of the word.“If we’re designing for engineers, I’m not talking about a ‘game’ at all,” Cornetti says. “I’m talking about a ‘simulation,’ I’m talking about ‘be ing able to solve this problem.”[J]Gamification is “not a magic bullet,” Werbach cautions. A gamification strategy that’s not sufficiently thought through or tailored to its players may engage people for a little while, but it won’t motivate in the long term. It can also be exploitative, especially when used with vulnerable populations. For workers, especially low-paid workers, who desperately need their jobs yet know they can be easily replaced, gamification may feel more like the Hunger Games. Werbach gives the example of several Disneyland hotels in Anaheim, California, which used large digital leaderboards to display how efficiently laundry workers were working compared to one another. Some employees found the board motivating. To others, it was the opposite of fun. Some began to skip bathroom breaks, worried that if their productivity fell they would befired. Pregnant employees struggled to keep up. In a Los Angeles Times article, one employee referred to the board as a “digital whip.”“It actually had a very negative effect on morale and performance,” Werbach says.[K]Still, gamification only stands to become more popular, he says, “as more and mor e people come into the workforce who are intuitively familiar with the structures and expressions of digital games.” “We are way ahead of the tipping point,” Cornetti agrees. “There’s no reason this will go away.”36.some famous companies are already using gamification and more are trying to do the same.37.Gamification is not a miracle cure for all workplaces as it may have negative results.38.To enhance morale, one company asks its employees to identify their fellow works when starting their computers.39.The idea of gamification was practiced by some businesses more than a century ago.40.There is a reason to believe that gamification will be here to stay.41.Video games contributed in some ways to the wide application of gamification.42.When turning work into a game, it is necessary to understand what makes games interesting.43.Gamification in employee training does not always need technology.44.The most successful gamification platforms transform daily work assignments into fun experiences.45.It is necessary to use terms other than “gamification” for some professions.Section CDirections:There are 2 passages in this section .Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices maked A),B),C)and D).You should decide on the best choice and mark the corresponding letter on Answer Sheet2with a single line through the centre.Passage OneQuestions 46 to 50 are based on the following passage.Recently I attended several meetings where we talked about ways to retain students and keep younger faculty members from going elsewhere.It seems higher education has become an industry of meeting-holders whose task it is to " solve" problems-real or imagined. And in my position as a professor at three different colleges, the actual problems in educating our young people and older students have deepened, while the number of people hired-not to teach but to hold meetings-has increased significantly. Every new problem creates a new job for an administrative fixer. Take our Center for Teaching Excellence. Contrary to its title, the center is a clearing house (信息交流中心)for using technology in classrooms and in online courses. It's an administrative sham (欺诈) of the kind that has multiplied over the last 30 years.I offer a simple proposition in response: Many of our problems-class attendance, educationalsuccess, student happiness and well-being-might be improved by cutting down the bureaucratic (官僚旳) mechanisms and meetings and instead hiring an army of good teachers. lf we replaced half of our administrative staff with classroom teachers, we might actually get a majority of our classes back to 20 or fewer students per teacher This would be an environment in which teachers and students actually knew each other.The teachers must be free to teach in their own way-the curriculum should be flexible enough so that they can use their individual talents to achieve the goals of the course. Additionally; they should be allowed to teach, and be rewarded for doing it well. Teachers are not people who are great at and consumed by research and happen to appear in a classroom. Good teaching and research are not exclusive, but they are also not automatic companions.Teaching is an art and a craft, talent and practice; it is not something that just anyone can be good at. It is utterly confusing to me that people do not recognize this, despite the fact that pretty much anyone who has been a student can tell the difference between their best and worst teachers.46.What does the author say about present-day universities?A)They are effectively tackling real or imagined problems.B)They often fail to combine teaching with research.C)They are over-burdened with administrative staff.D)They lack talent to fix their deepening problems.47.According to the author, what kind of people do universities lack most?A)Good classroom teachers. C) Talented researchers.B)Efficient administrators. D) Motivated students.48.What does the author imply about the classes at present?A)They facilitate students independent learning.B)They help students form closer relationships.C)They have more older students than before.D)They are much bigger than is desirable.49.What does the author think of teaching ability?A)It requires talent and practice.B)It is closely related to research.C)It is a chief factor affecting students 'learning.D)It can be acquired through persistent practice.50.What is the author’s suggestion for improving university teaching?A)Creating an environment for teachers to share 'their teaching experiences.B)Hiring more classroom teachers and allowing them to teach in their own way.C)Using high technology in classrooms and promoting exchange of information.D)Cutting down meetings and encouraging administrative staff to go to classrooms. Passage TwoQuestions 51to 55 are based on the following passage.The secret to eating less and being happy about it may have been cracked years ago-by McDonald's. According to a new study from Cornell University's Food and Brand Lab, small non-food rewards-like the toys in McDonald's Happy Meals-stimulate the same reward centers in the brain as food does.The researchers, led by Martin Reimann, carried out a series of experiments to see if people would choose a smaller meal if it was paired with a non-food items.They found that the majority of both kids and adults opted for a half-sized portion when combined with a prize. Both options were priced the same.Even more interesting is that the promise of a future reward was enough to make adults choose the smaller portion.\One of the prizes used was a lottery ticket(彩票), with a $ 10, $ 50 or $ 100 payout, and this was as effective as a tangible gift in persuading people to eat less."The fact that participants were willing to substitute part of a food item for the mere prospect of a relatively small monetary award is interesting.”says Reimann.He theorizes that it is the emotional component of these intangible prizes that make them effective. In fact, vaguely-stated possibilities of winning a prize were more effective than options with hard odds included.“One explanation for this finding is that possible awards may be more emotionally provoking than certainty awards," says Reimann. " The uncertainty of winning provides added attraction and desirability through emotional ‘thrills.' The possibility of receiving an award also produces a state of hope一a state that is in itself psychologically rewarding·"In otherwords, there’s a reason why people like to gambleHow might it’s knowledge be used to help people eat more healthily?One possibility is a healthy that offers the chance to win a spa (温泉疗养) weekend. Or maybe the reward of a half-sized portion could be a half-sized dessert to be claimed only on a future date. That would get you back in the restaurant-and make you eat a little less.51.What do we learn about McDonald’s inclusion of toys in its Happy Meals?A)It may shed light on people’s desire to crack a secret.B)It has proved to be key to McDonald’s business success.C)It appeals to kid’s curiosity to find out what is hidden inside.D)It may be a pleasant way for kids to reduce their food intake.52. What is the finding of the researchers led by Martin Reimann?A)Reducing food intake is not that difficult if people go to McDonald’s more.B)Most kids and adults don’t actually feel hungry when they eat half of their meal.C)Eating a smaller does good to the health of kids and adults alike.D)Most kids and adults would choose a smaller meal that came with a non-food item.53.What is most interesting in Martin Reimann’s finding?A)Kids preferred an award in the form of money to one in the form of a toy.B)Adults chose the smaller portion on the mere promise of a future awardC)Both kids and adults felt satisfied with only half of their meal portions.D)Neither children nor adults could resist the temptation of a free toy.54.How does Martin Reimann interpret his finding?A)The emotional component of the prizes is at work.B)People now care more about quality than quantity.C)People prefer certainty awards to possible awards.D) The desire for a future reward is overwhelming.55.What can we infer from Martin Reimann’s finding?A)·People should eat much less if they ·wish to stay healthy and happy.B)More fast food restaurants are likely to follow McDonald’s example.C)We can lead people to eat less while helping the restaurant business.D)More studies are needed to find out the impact of emotion on behavior.Part IV Translation (30 minutes)Directions:For this part,you are allowed 30minutes to translate a passage from Chinese into English .You should write your answer on Answer Sheet 2.在中国文化中,红色一般象征着好运、长寿和幸福.在春节和其他喜庆场所,红色到处可见.人们把现金作为礼品送给家人或亲密朋友时,一般放在红色信封里.红色在中国流行旳另一种原因是人们把它与中国革命和共产党相联络.然而,红色并不总是代表好运和快乐.由于从死前者名字一般用红色书写,用红墨水书写中国人名被当作是一种冒犯行为.12月大学英语四级答案(第一套)Part1 writing (30 minutes)破题思绪:第一段:话题描述. 第二段:表明观点+论述原因. 第三段:观点结论.参照范文:(选择就业还是创业)Finding a Job FirstUpon graduation,virtually all college students will confront the problem of the career choice,which is truly a tough choice. Students’ opinions differ greatly on this issue. Some hold that priority should be given to start a business of your own,but others take the attitude that finding a job is the best choice influencing their future.As to myself,I prefer the latter view. An opportunity to start a business exerts a tremendous fascination on a great number of people,with no exception to me. In my view,With the competition in the job market becoming increasingly fierce for college graduates,some ambitious students have tried their hands at launching their own businesses. Over the years,there have been many successful cases of student entrepreneurship and such attempts should be encouraged and promoted by both the universities and the society at large. What’s more ,College students who start businesses are pioneers,among whom will be born China’s future business leaders. Faced with unknown challenges,they are audacious enough to embark on a perilous journey while most of their peers enjoy stable salaries by working as white-collars at high-end office buildings.All in all,the essential difference between the students who find a job or those students who create their own businesses is that the former are docile followers whereas the latter are aggressive trailblazers. For this reason,business-launching college graduates are more admirable,and thus they command our deep respect.Part II Listening Comprehension (25 minutes)【英语四级听力真题解析】听力作为一种考试题型,目旳在于考察应试者对英语语言旳把握,自从英语四级题型改革后,所选题材侧重新闻稿和演讲稿,例如这次英语四级考试旳Section A 部分,重要是有关采盐工人旳有关新闻报导,文章稍难,我们在作答之前,一定要迅速浏览各题目旳选项,先把关键关键词划出来,例如重要旳名词,名词性短语等,这样可以协助我们预知要听旳重点,提高捕捉信息旳精确度,减少听力材料旳难度.在听录音旳过程中,迅速作标识,锁定对旳答案.1.(A)It was dangerous to live in.2.(B)A storm3.(B)They were trapped in an underground elevator.4.(C)They sent supplies to keep the miners warm.5.(D)Close some of its post office.6.(C)Stopping mail delivery on Saturdays.7.(A)Many post office staff will lose their jobs.Section B8.(D)He will lose part of his pay.9.(B)He is a trustworthy guy. 10.(D)She is better at handling such matters.11.(C)He is always trying to stir up trouble. 12.(D)Reserved13.(A)They stay quiet14.(C)She was never invited to a colleague’s home.15.(B)Houses provide more privacySection C16.(D)They will automatically be given hiring priority.17.(C)Visit the school careers service.18.(B)Supervising study spaces to ensure a quiet atmosphere.19.(C)It may be sold at a higher price. 20.(A)It is healthier than green tee.21.(D)It does not have a stable market.22.(B)They prefer unique objects of high quality.23.(B)They could only try to create at night.24.(A)Make wise choices.25.(A)To boost the local economy.Section AA 16th century castle in Scotland is close to collapsing after lumps of soils were washed away by floods, threatening its foundations.On Sunday, the castle’s owner John Gordon, 76, was forced to move out his property after the River Dee swept away about 60 feet of land, leaving the castle dangerous close to the river. According to the Scottish Daily Record.Abergeldie castle located in Aberdeenshire, Scotland was built by Sir Alexander Gordon of Midmar who later became the Earl of Huntly.The castle which is located on 11,700 acres was leased to members of the royal family between 1848 and 1970, including King Edward VII and George V.The Scottish Environment Protection Agency has issued more than 35 flood warnings covering several regions, as Scotland continues to clean up the after Storm Frank hit the country last Wednesday.“This means that rivers will rise more slowly, but then stay high for much longer.” the environmental agency said.Q1. Why did John Gordon move out of Abergeldie castle?Q2. What happened in Scotland last Wednesday?Section A - 2Rescue efforts were underway Thursday morning for 17 miners who were stuck in an elevator below ground at a Cargill rock salt mine near Lansing, New York, according to Marcia Lynch. Public information officer with Tompkins County’s emergency response department,emergency workers have made contact with the miners via a radio. And they all appear to be uninjured, said Jessica Verfuss, the emergency department’s assistant director.Crews have managed to provide heat packs and blankets to the miners so that they can keep warm during the rescue operation, Verfuss said. Details about what led to the workers’ being trapped in the elevator went immediately available. The mine, along New York’s Cayuga Lake, processes salt used for road treatment. It produces about 2 million tons of salt that is shipped to more than 1,500 places in the northeastern United States, the rock salt mine is one of three operated by Cargill with the other two in Louisiana and Ohio.Q3. What does the news report say about the salt miners?Q4.What did the rescue team do?Section A - 3The U.S. Postal Service announced today that it is considering closing about 3,700 post offices over the next year because of falling revenues.Facing an $8.3 billion budget deficit this year, closing post officers is one of several proposals the Postal Service has put forth recently to cut costs. Last week, for example, Postmaster General Pat Donahoe announced plans to stop mail delivery on Saturdays, a move he says could save $3 billion annually.“We are losing revenue as we speak,” Donahoe said. “We do not wan t taxpayer money. We want to be self-sufficient. So like any other business you have to make choices.”Dean Granholm the vice president for delivery and post office operations said the first waves of closings would begin this fall. He estimated that about 3,000 postmasters, 500 station managers and between 500 and 1,000 postal clerks could lose their jobs.Q5.What is the U.S. Postal Service planning to do?Q6.What measure has been planned to save costs?Q7.What will happen when the proposed measure come into effect?。
C语言6套试题
C语言6套试题第一套试题一、单项选择题(15个小题,每题2分,共30分):1.一个C语言程序的执行是从_____。
A.main函数开始,直到main 函数结束B.第一个函数开始,直到最后一个函数结束C.第一个函数开始,直到最后一个语句结束D.main函数开始,直到最后一个函数结束2.正确的自定义标识符是_____。
A.某_2B.a-bC.2umD.$1233.下面程序的运行结果是_____。
#defineF(某)某某某voidmain(){inta=2,b=1;prinft(“%d\\n”,F(a+b));}A.3B.5C.8D.94.读以下程序段,判断a的值为_____。
int某p,a=10,b=1;p=&a;a=某p+b;A.12B.10C.11D.编译出错5.根据以下说明语句,则下面的叙述中不正确的是_____。
tructtudent{intnum;charname[10];intcore;}tu;A.truct是定义结构体类型的关键字B.tu是结构体变量名C.num,name,core都是结构体成员名D.tu是结构体类型名6.已知字母A的ASCII码为十进制数65,变量ch1为字符型,则执行语句ch1=‘A’+‘5’-‘2’;后,ch1中的值是_____。
A.DB.67C.一个不确定的值D.C7.以下哪种方法不能对一维数组进行正确的初始化_____。
A.inta[]={1,2,3};B.inta[5]={};C.inta[5]=(1,2,3,4,5);D.inta[]={2,3,4某5,6};8.已正确定义字符变量ch1,下面能正确赋值的是_____。
A.ch1=“a”;B.ch1=‘a’;C.ch1=“C语言程序设计”;D.ch1=‘C语言程序设计’;9.逗号表达式(a=3某4,a某4),a+5的值是_____。
A.53B.17C.20D.4810.设n为float型,m为int型,则以下能实现将n中的数值保留小数点后两位,第三位进行四舍五入的表达式是_____。
模拟试题(第一套)
会计学课程号:课序号:开课系:一、单项选择题(在每小题列出的4个选项中只有一个是符合题意的,请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。
每小题1分,共15分)1.下列支出属于资本性支出的是( )。
A.支付购买设备款B.支付生产工人工资C.支付设备日常修理费D.支付购进材料价税款2.下列内容中,不符合资金运动规律的是()。
A.资产增加的同时负债减少B.资产增加的同时负债增加C.资产减少的同时负债减少D.资产减少的同时费用增加3.坏账损失采用备抵法进行会计处理,是基于会计核算的()。
A.谨慎性原则B.配比原则C.历史成本原则D.客观性原则4.记账后,若发现记账凭证中将8900元误记为9800元,应采用的更正方法是()。
A.红字更正法B.补充登记法C.划线更正法D.差额调整法5.下列账户中属于双重性账户的是( )。
A.制造费用B.投资收益C.生产成本D.库存商品6.会计主体前提是明确( )。
A.会计记账时间的问题B.会计记账空间的问题C.会计计量手段的问题D.会计记账方法的问题7.下列不属于企业营业外收入的是()。
A.固定资产盘盈收益B.销售材料净收入C.库存现金长款D.罚款净收入8.将融资租入的固定资产确认为企业资产是基于会计核算的( )。
A.权责发生制原则B.实质重于形式原则C.谨慎性原则D.一致性原则9.金额102500.78元的汉字大写应为( )。
A.拾万零贰仟伍佰元柒角捌分B.壹拾万零贰仟伍佰元零柒角捌分C.壹拾万零贰仟伍佰元柒角捌分D.壹拾万贰千伍佰元零柒角捌分10.如果将资本性支出作为收益性支出处理,则会导致当期()。
A.少计费用、虚增利润B.少计费用、虚减利润C.多计费用、虚减资产D.多计费用、虚增资产11.材料按计划成本核算时,下列应记入“物资采购”账户借方的是()。
A.结转发出材料负担的节约差异B.结转发出材料负担的超支差异C.结转采购入库材料的节约差异D.结转采购入库材料的超支差异12.抵减调整账户的期末余额与被调整账户的期末余额( )。
反假币考试试题第一套(人民币)
练习题一、单选题第1题:截止2002年11月18日,第五套人民币1999年版共发行了()种面额纸币和()种面额的硬币。
A.6、3B.5、3C.4、3D.7、3正确答案:A第2题:第五套人民币各面额纸币冠字号码的冠字和号码分别为()位。
A.2位、8位B.1位、9位C.2位、6位D.1位、7位正确答案:A第3题:第五套人民币各面额纸币上的隐形面额数字在票面的()。
A.正面左下方B.正面右下方C.正面右上方D.背面左上方正确答案:C第4题:第五套人民币100元、50元、10元纸币上的“阴阳互补对印图案”是()。
A.花卉B.古钱币C.文字D.人物头像正确答案:B第5题:第五套人民币100元纸币的光变油墨面额数字的颜色变化是由()。
A.绿变金B.金变绿C.蓝变黄D.绿变蓝正确答案:D第6题:第五套人民币2005年版50元纸币共有()种公众防伪措施。
A.10B.9C.12D.8正确答案:A第7题:第五套人民币10元纸币的背面主景图案是()。
A.B.C.D.正确答案:C第8题:第五套人民币10元纸币安全线包含的防伪措施是()。
A.全息、磁性、开窗B.磁性、荧光、开窗C.全息、荧光、开窗D.荧光、开窗正确答案:A第9题:第五套人民币10元纸币背面下方四行凹印缩微文字是()。
A.“RMB10”和“人民币”B.“RMB10”和“人民币10”C.“10”和“人民币”D.“RMB”和“人民币”正确答案:A第10题:大部分假人民币所使用的纸张在紫外光下有较强()反映。
A.透光B.反光C.荧光D.吸光正确答案:C第11题:目前市场上伪造的人民币主要是()假人民币。
A.机制B.手工制作C.计算机制作D.彩色复印正确答案:A第12题:假币收缴、鉴定实施监督管理的部门是()及其分支机构。
A.中国人民银行B.金融工委C.同业工会D.银监局正确答案:A第13题:假钞印刷绝大部分采用()印刷,套印精度差、颜色偏差大、线文平浮、粗糙、缺乏层次。
小学数学教师职称考试试题(五套)
小学数学教师职称考试试题(五套)第一套试题1. 20 ÷ 5 = ?A. 4B. 5C. 10D. 152. 将 3/4 写成小数。
A. 0.25B. 0.3C. 0.75D. 0.53. 已知 a + b = 15,a - b = 5,求 a 的值。
A. 10B. 20C. 5D. 154. 一个正方形的边长是 6 cm,求它的面积。
A. 18 cm²B. 12 cm²C. 36 cm²D. 24 cm²5. 一个分数的分子是 3,分母是 5,该分数是几分之几?A. 2/5B. 3/4C. 4/5D. 3/5第二套试题1. 35 ÷ 7 = ?A. 4B. 7C. 5D. 102. 0.36 写成分数为多少?A. 9/25B. 9/10C. 9/100D. 36/1003. 已知 a + b = 12,a - b = 4,求 b 的值。
A. 6B. 10C. 8D. 24. 一个三角形的底是 8 cm,高是 6 cm,求它的面积。
A. 14 cm²B. 48 cm²C. 12 cm²D. 24 cm²5. 25 的一半是多少?A. 15B. 5C. 25D. 12.5第三套试题1. 48 ÷ 6 = ?A. 12B. 8C. 9D. 62. 1/5 写成小数是多少?A. 0.15B. 0.5C. 0.2D. 0.053. 已知 a + b = 20,a - b = 10,求 a 和 b 的值。
A. a = 15, b = 5B. a = 10, b = 20C. a = 12, b = 8D. a = 18, b = 24. 一个梯形的上底是 5 cm,下底是 8 cm,高是 4 cm,求它的面积。
A. 16 cm²B. 20 cm²C. 24 cm²D. 28 cm²5. 一个分数的分子是 2,分母是 9,该分数是几分之几?A. 3/4B. 9/2C. 4/9D. 2/9第四套试题1. 64 ÷ 8 = ?A. 16B. 8C. 4D. 62. 0.2 写成百分数为多少?A. 0.02%B. 2%C. 0.2%D. 20%3. 已知 a + b = 16,a - b = 6,求 a 的值。
2022小学科学课程标准试题及答案(三套)
2022小学科学课程标准试题及答案(三套)一、第一套试题1. 太阳是我们太阳系中的恒星,其直径约为多少公里?A. 3000公里B. 5000公里C. 7000公里D. 9000公里答案:C2. 以下哪个不属于动物的特征?A. 植物细胞B. 多细胞结构C. 有机体D. 需要食物和氧气生存答案:A3. 下列哪个动物是两栖动物?A. 鸡B. 鱼C. 鸭D. 青蛙答案:D4. 下列哪个是地球上的最高山峰?A. 喜马拉雅山B. 阿尔卑斯山C. 安第斯山D. 欧拉山答案:A5. 水的三态是指水的哪三种状态?A. 气态、液态、固态B. 液态、固态、稠态C. 固态、煤态、液态D. 稠态、气态、液态答案:A二、第二套试题1. 标准的气压是多少帕斯卡?A. 1000帕斯卡B. 2000帕斯卡C. 3000帕斯卡D. 4000帕斯卡答案:A2. 火星是我们太阳系中的一颗行星,它是第几颗行星?A. 第一颗B. 第二颗C. 第三颗D. 第四颗答案:D3. 以下哪个是构成地壳的主要物质?A. 氧气B. 氮气C. 二氧化碳D. 硅酸盐答案:D4. 下列哪个是生物的特征?A. 有机体B. 无机体C. 无机物D. 矿物答案:A5. 以下哪种气体是我们呼吸过程中排除的废气?A. 氧气B. 二氧化碳C. 一氧化碳D. 氮气答案:B三、第三套试题1. 下列哪个是地球上最大的海洋?A. 太平洋B. 大西洋C. 印度洋D. 北冰洋答案:A2. 以下哪个是构成大气层的主要气体?A. 氧气B. 氮气C. 氢气D. 氟气答案:B3. 以下哪个是最小的行星?A. 地球B. 金星C. 火星D. 水星答案:D4. 植物的主要营养成分是什么?A. 脂肪B. 蛋白质C. 纤维素D. 碳水化合物答案:D5. 以下哪个是属于鸟类的动物?A. 鲸鱼B. 海豚C. 鸡D. 企鹅答案:C。
国家普通话水平测试试题第一套
让知识带有温度。
国家普通话水平测试试题第一套国家一般话水平测试题(1)一、读单音节字词(100个音节,共10分,限时3.5分钟)蹦耍德扰直返凝秋淡丝炯粗袄瓮癣儿履告筒猫驯辱碟栓来顶墩忙哀霎果憋捺装群精唇亮馆符肉梯船溺北剖民邀旷暖快酒除缺杂搜税脾锋日贼孔哲许尘谓忍填颇残涧穷歪雅捉凑怎虾冷躬莫虽绢挖伙聘英条笨敛墙岳黑巨访自毁郑浑二、读多音节词语(100个音节,共20分,限时2.5分钟)损坏昆虫高兴恶劣挂帅针鼻儿排斥实行利索荒谬少女电磁波愿望恰当若干加塞儿铺张苦衷降低夜晚小熊儿存留上午按钮佛教新娘逗乐儿全面包括不用培养编纂扎实推想吵嘴匀称收成然而满口怪异听话高校生发作侵略钢铁孩子光彩前仆后继三、朗读短文(400个音节,共30分,限时4分钟)一位访美中国女作家,在纽约碰到一位卖花的老太太。
老太太穿着破旧,身体虚弱,但脸上的神情却是那样祥和高兴。
女作家挑了一朵花说:“看起来,你很兴奋。
”老太太面带微笑地说:“是的,一切都这么美妙,我为什么不兴奋呢?”“对苦恼,你倒真能看得开。
”女作家又说了一句。
没料到,老太太的回答更令女作家大吃一惊:“耶稣在星期五被钉上十字架时,是全世界最糟糕的一天,可三天后就是复活节。
所以,当我碰到不幸时,就会等待三天,这样一切就恢复正常了。
”“等待三天”,多么富于哲理的话语,多么积极的生活方式。
它把苦恼和疼痛抛下,全力去收获欢乐。
沈从文在“文革”期间,陷入了非人的境地。
可他毫不在意,他在咸宁时给他的表侄、画家黄永玉写信说:“这里的荷花真好,你若第1页/共2页千里之行,始于足下来……”身陷苦难却仍为荷花的盛开欣喜惊叹不已,这是一种趋于澄明的境界,一种旷达潇洒的胸襟,一种面临磨难坦荡从容的气度,一种对生活童子般的热爱和对美妙事物无限憧憬的生命情感。
由此可见,影响一个人欢乐的,有时并不是逆境及磨难,而是一个人的心态。
假如把自己浸泡在乐观、积极、向上的心态中,欢乐必定会∥占领你的每一天。
四、命题说话(请在下列话题中任选一个,共40分,限时3分钟)1.难忘的旅行2.谈谈卫生与健康文档内容到此结束,欢迎大家下载、修改、丰富并分享给更多有需要的人。
企业员工安全知识培训考试试题(共四套)
企业员工安全知识培训考试试题(共四套)企业员工安全知识培训考试试题(第一套)一、填空题(每小题4分,共20分)《中华人民共和国安全生产法》于2002年11月1日起施行。
2.《中华人民共和国安全生产法》中明确提出,我国的安全生产方针是安全第一,预防为主。
3.三级安全教育包括厂级级教育,车间级教育,班组级教育。
4.公司规定所有盛装危险物品的容器应贴有安全标签,同时在使用和储存危险物品的场所可以查阅物料安全技术说明书(MSDS)就可以知晓该危险品的性能、成份、操作注意事项、应急处理方法。
5.发生电器火灾,应立即切断电源,可以用干粉灭火器灭火器灭火,切不可用水灭火。
二、选择题(以下提供的答案中,只有一个正确答案,共40分,每小题4分)。
1.安全教育培训的目的是提高员工的安全素质,防患于未然,使员工努力做到:(D)。
A.事不关已,高高挂起;B.保证自己安全,不伤害自己;C.保护自己,不被他人伤害;D.不伤害自己,不伤害他人,不被他人伤害;2.像电梯工、电工、电焊工、叉车工这样的特种作业人员,符合以下哪种情况方可上岗作业(C)。
A.只要会做,就可上岗;B.不会做,慢慢一边上岗,一边学;C.经专门的技术、技能培训经考核合格发证后方可上岗;D.主管安排谁,谁就去上岗;3.员工在安全生产中有拒绝权,是指:(A)。
A.有权拒绝违章作业和强令冒险作业;B.不想做的工种,就可拒绝;C.不想做的岗位,可以不去;D.心情不好,就可以拒绝;4.员工在安全生产的义务包含(D)。
A.自觉遵守安全规章制度的义务;B.自觉学习安全知识的义务;C.自觉报告危险和不安全因素的义务;D.以上都包含;5.公司应为员工提供个人防护用品,并且该防护用品:(B)。
A.需要员工自费;B.公司免费提供;C.用旧后,由员工自费再买;D.以上答案都不对;6.按公司的培训内容,我厂主要的危险源有:(B)。
A.化学危险品;B.电源;C.机械设备;D.以上都是;7.公司要求员工按要求佩戴个人防护用品的目的是:(B)。
教育学试题10套含答案
教育学试题10套含答案第一套试题1、教育的定义和教育学的研究对象是什么?2、教育的种类有哪些?各种教育的特点是什么?3、教育的目标是什么?教育教学的任务和方法应如何选择?4、对学生的评价应当注意什么?应当根据哪些标准来评价?5、教师的教学方法有哪些?如何选择合适的教学方法?6、课堂管理对教学有哪些影响?7、课程的设计应当注意什么?应当根据哪些因素来确定课程?8、多元化的教育环境和教学方式对教育的质量有哪些帮助?9、家庭教育应当注意什么?家庭教育和学校教育有什么不同?10、班级管理对教育的质量有哪些影响?答案:1、教育是一种社会活动,其本质是人的全部发展,教育学的研究对象是人的全部发展及其过程,包括观念、心理、社会、经济、文化、政治等各方面。
2、教育的种类有启发式教育、训练教育、体验教育、自由教育、终身教育等。
它们各有其特点,如启发式教育强调发现和创造性思维,训练教育注重技能和实践,体验教育注重亲身体验和感受,自由教育强调个性发展和选择自由,终身教育强调学习和发展必须贯穿一生。
3、教育的目标包括知识、技能、态度和价值观等方面。
教育教学的任务应当根据不同学科、不同年级和不同学生选用不同的方法。
通常包括讲解、实验、练习、游戏、讨论、研究等。
4、对学生的评价应当注意全面性、客观性、公正性、合理性和可行性等方面。
应当根据学生的知识水平、实践能力、思维能力、社会责任感、个性发展等来评价。
5、教师的教学方法包括讲解、演示、实验、练习、讨论、调查等。
选择合适的教学方法要根据具体情况,如学生的年级、知识水平、性格特点、兴趣爱好、学习目标等。
6、课堂管理对教学的影响很大,良好的课堂管理可以创造和谐、积极、有创造性的学习环境。
好的课堂管理应当注意管理方法合理化、学生参与度和合作度、课程安排合理性、学生自主学习能力等方面。
7、课程的设计应当注意多元化、灵活性、实用性和性别平等等。
课程设计应当考虑学生的实际需求、学科基础、课程特点、社会和文化背景等因素。
电气试验题库
电⽓试验题库第⼀套试题⼀、选择题(15题,每题2分,合计30分)1.将⼀根导线均匀拉长为原长度的3倍,则阻值为原来的( C )倍。
A. 3B. 1/3C. 9D. 1/92.产⽣串联谐振的条件是(C )。
A. XL>XcB. XL<XcC. XL=XcD. XL≥XcE. XL≤Xc3.导体的电阻不但与导体的长度、截⾯有关,⽽且还与导体的( D )有关。
A. 温度B. 湿度C. 距离D. 材质4.三相星形接线的电源或负载的线电压是相电压的( A )倍, 线电流与相电流相等。
A. √3B. √2C. 1D. 25. 电流互感器的准确度D级是⽤于接( C )的。
A. 测量仪表B. 指⽰仪表C. 差动保护D. 微机保护6. 在变电所三相母线应分别涂以(B)⾊,以⽰正相序A. 红、黄、绿。
B. 黄、绿、红。
C. 绿、黄、红。
7、变压器的功率是指变压器的( C )之⽐的百分数。
A、总输出与总输⼊;B、输出有功功率与输⼊总功率;C、输出有功功率与输⼊有功功率.8、电⼒系统发⽣三相短路时,短路电流( B )A、由负荷流到短路点;B、由电源流到短路点;C、由电源流到负荷;9、在室外⾼压设备上⼯作,应在⼯作地点四周做好围栏,在围栏上悬挂:( D )A、禁⽌合闸,线路有⼈⼯作!B、在此⼯作!C、禁⽌攀登,⾼压危险!D、⽌部,⾼压危险!10、我国电⼒系统中性点接地⽅式有三种.分别是( B )。
A.直接接地⽅式、经消弧线圈接地⽅式和经⼤电抗器接地⽅式;B.直接接地⽅式、经消弧圈接地⽅式和不接地⽅式;C不接地⽅式、经消弧圈接地⽅式和经⼤电抗器接地⽅式11.60~110kV电压等级的设备不停电时的安全距离是( B )。
A.2.0m;B.1.5m;C.1.0m12、在保护和测量仪表中,电流回路的导线截⾯不应⼩于( A )。
A.2.5mm2;B.4mm2;C.5mm213.电流互感器本⾝造成的测量误差是由于有励磁电流存在,其⾓度误差是励磁⽀路呈现为( C ),使⼀、⼆次电流有不同相位,从⽽造成⾓度误差。
学前运动试题10套附答案(详细版)
学前运动试题10套附答案(详细版)第一套试题1. 问题:什么是学前运动?答案:学前运动是为学龄前儿童设计的一系列活动,旨在促进他们的身体发展、协调能力和运动技巧。
2. 问题:学前运动的重要性是什么?答案:学前运动对儿童的身体和大脑发育都非常重要。
它可以帮助他们培养良好的身体素质、增强肌肉力量和灵敏性,并发展他们的认知和社交能力。
3. 问题:学前运动的适宜年龄是多少?答案:学前运动适合2岁到6岁的儿童,因为这个年龄段的孩子正处于身体快速发育和研究新技能的阶段。
4. 问题:学前运动的常见项目有哪些?答案:学前运动的常见项目包括跑步、跳跃、爬行、投掷、接球、平衡和挥动等活动。
5. 问题:为什么学前运动要注重游戏性?答案:学前运动应该具有游戏性,因为儿童通过游戏会更愿意参与运动,并在玩耍中研究新的技能和概念。
第二套试题1. 问题:学前运动对儿童的身体发展有什么好处?答案:学前运动可以促进儿童的骨骼发育、增加肌肉强度和灵活性,提高心肺功能,预防肥胖等身体健康问题。
2. 问题:学前运动对儿童的认知发展有什么好处?答案:学前运动可以提高儿童的脑部发育和神经系统功能,增强他们的注意力、记忆力和问题解决能力。
3. 问题:学前运动对儿童的社交能力有什么好处?答案:学前运动可以帮助儿童学会与他人合作、分享和交流,培养他们的团队合作和沟通技巧。
4. 问题:学前运动的安全注意事项有哪些?答案:学前运动应该在安全的环境下进行,避免太过激烈的活动,定期进行身体检查,确保儿童身体状况适合参与运动。
5. 问题:家长如何支持孩子参与学前运动?答案:家长可以为孩子提供适当的运动场所和设备,鼓励他们参与各种运动活动,陪伴他们一起玩耍和锻炼,并根据孩子的兴趣和能力提供积极的支持和激励。
...以此类推,共10套试题附答案。
注意:以上答案仅供参考,具体答案可能因人而异,敬请理解。
第一套试题
单项选择==================================================题号:11604不允许两个文件同名的情况有____。
A、同一磁盘同一文件夹B、同一张磁盘不同文件夹C、不同磁盘不同文件夹D、以上都不允许答案:A题号:11599Windows中哪些文件删除后,可以放到回收站中。
A、U盘上的文件B、网上邻居中其他用户的完全共享文件C、收件箱里的邮件D、我的文档中的图形文件答案:D题号:11594在Windows中,为了查找文件名以A字母打头,后跟一字母的所有文件,应当在查找名称框内输入____。
A、A*B、A#C、 AD、A?答案:D题号:5518在Word的编辑状态,执行"编辑"菜单中的"粘贴"命令后().A、被选择的内容移动到插入点前B、剪贴板中的内容移动到插入点后C、被选择的内容移动到剪贴板D、剪贴板中的内容复制到插入点答案:题号:1537在Excel中,插入一组单元格后,活动单元格将 ()移动.A、由设置而定B、向左C、向上D、向右答案:A题号:11586在PowerPoint2010中,若为幻灯片中的对象设置"飞入",应选择____。
A、设计B、动画C、切换D、幻灯片放映答案:B题号:11646下面_________是一个合法的IP地址。
A、 202:130:114:18B、202,120,111,19C、96;12;18;1D、 202.96.209.5答案:D题号:11615下面是有关计算机病毒的说法,其中____不正确A、计算机病毒有引导型病毒、文件型病毒、复合型病毒等B、计算机病毒中也有良性病毒C、计算机病毒实际上是一种计算机程序D、计算机病毒是由于程序的错误编制而产生的答案:题号:11621计算机网络中,可以共享的资源是____。
A、硬件和软件B、硬件、软件和数据C、外设和数据D、软件和数据答案:B题号:7656C的ASCII码为1000011,则G的ASCII码为().A、1001010B、1000100C、1001001D、1000111答案:D题号:11661用计算机进行资料检索工作,是属于计算机应用中的____。
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第一套试题答案与解析一、单项选择题:1~16小题,每小题1分,共16分。
下列每题给出的四个选项中,只有一个选项是符合试题要求的。
请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。
1.答案:C2.答案:A3.答案:C4.答案:B5.答案:C6.答案:D7.答案:D8.答案:A9.答案:A10. 答案:C11.答案:A12.答案:B13.答案:A14.答案:B15.答案:C16.答案:D二、多项选择题:17~33小题,每小题2分,共34分。
下列每题给出的四个选项中,至少有一个选项是符合试题要求的。
请在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑。
多选、少选或错选均不得分。
17.答案:ABD18.答案:AC19.答案:AD20.答案:ABC21.答案:AB22.答案:AC23.答案:AB24.答案:BD25.答案:AD26.答案:CD27.答案:ACD。
28.答案:AB。
29. 答案:ACD30.答案:ABCD31.答案:ABCD32.答案:ABD33.答案:ABD三、分析题:34~38小题,每小题10分,共50分。
要求结合所学知识分析材料回答问题。
将答案写在答题纸相应位置上。
34.【答案要点】(1)唯物史观关于人的价值的观点主要有:一是,人的价值即人对人自身的意义,人的价值就在于人能够创造价值以满足自身的需要。
二是,人的价值可以分为个人价值和社会价值两个方面。
人的社会价值是指个人的创造活动对于社会需要的满足,即人对社会做出的贡献;人的个人价值是指个人通过自己的活动来满足自己的需要,也即社会对个人需要的尊重和满足。
三是,个人贡献是实现社会进步的源泉,也是实现个人价值的基础,因此,在社会对人的满足与个人对社会的贡献这两个方面的关系问题上,应当把个人对社会的贡献摆在首位,正确处理个人与社会、个人与集体的关系,反对个人主义。
四是,人的价值的实现依赖于人的劳动创造和实践,只有通过人的劳动创造和实践,人的潜在价值才能转化为现实的价值。
(2)人们瞻仰和爱戴华盛顿,不是因为华盛顿的衣服多么华丽,而是因为华盛顿的人生价值——对美国独立和社会进步所做出的重大贡献。
斯图亚特对自己的作品华盛顿肖像满意,是因为作品充分体现了华盛顿的灵魂。
如果作品能充分颂扬华盛顿的人生价值、引发参观者的崇敬之情,为什么还要苛求画全衣服呢?(3)爱因斯坦的观点对人的价值的实质做出了正确的定位,即人和社会的关系是人的价值的实质。
从两方面即人的社会性和实践性来理解该问题:一是,社会存在是人生存和发展必不可少的条件,人的社会性决定了人和人可互为主体和客体,人对社会有需求,社会对人也有需求;二是,人的实践是社会性的实践。
只有与人类社会生活规律相协调,才对社会和人类具有积极意义,才有价值。
(4)一方面,从权力和地位的来源看,权力和地位本身就可能是个人对社会贡献的一种肯定,是个人价值的重要体现;另一方面,权力越大,地位越高的人,本身就拥有为社会作贡献的更好条件,理应为社会做出更大贡献。
因此,权力和地位本身并不是人的价值,但它为人更好地实现价值创造了条件。
35.【答案要点】(1)当前市场秩序中存在的主要问题有;交易行为不规范,违规行为屡屡发生,特别是假冒伪劣、商标侵权、虚假广告问题突出,损害消费者利益、生产者利益,直接影响了市场的健康发展。
材料1体现的是虚假违法保健食品、药品、医疗广告问题,材料2体现的是商业欺诈行为以及非法传销行为,材料3体现的商标侵权问题,材料4体现的合同进行欺诈行为。
(2)市场秩序是维系市场有序运行的重要保证,它构成对市场主体行为的制约。
针对当前市场秩序中存在的主要问题,我们要完善行政执法、行业自律、舆论监督、群众参与相结合的市场监管体系,健全产品质量监管机制,严厉打击制假售假、商业欺诈等违法行为,维护和健全市场秩序。
我们应该采取多项有力措施综合治理:第一,深化流通体制改革,发展规模化、网络化、连锁化的现代流通方式,保证商品和生产要素的高效流动;第二,培育产权明晰、自主经营、行为规范的市场主体;第三,加强信用建设,要建立以道德为支撑、产权为基础、法律为保障的社会信用制度,加快建立企业、中介机构和个人的信用档案,建立信用监督和失信惩戒制度;第四,强化法治,从严监管,坚决防止和纠正违法不究、以罚代刑的现象,加大对违法犯罪活动的打击力度。
36.【答案要点】(1)①中国共产党群众路线的基本内涵和基本要求是:一切为了群众,一切依靠群众;从群众中来,到群众中去。
②正确领导群众的方法是:从群众中来,到群众中去。
即从许多个别指导中形成一般意见、一般号召,再拿这一般意见、一般号召到许多个别单位去考验,然后集中新的经验,形成新的指导意见去普遍地指导群众。
(2)①毛泽东从党的性质和宗旨出发,将“和最广大的人民群众取得最密切的联系”作为党的三大优良作风之一,作为中国共产党人区别于其他任何政党的三个显著标志之一。
②能否正确处理对人民群众负责和对领导机关负责的关系,是能否全心全意为人民服务的一个关键。
作为下级机关,必须服从上级领导机关,对他们负责;但是不能把对上级机关负责同对人民负责对立起来。
因为下级要对上级负责,而全党都要对人民群众负责。
是否为最广大的人民群众谋取最大的利益,是判断我们一切工作得失成败的最高标准。
(3)①群众路线一直是党对待人民群众的指针,是使党与广大群众保持密切联系的思想基础和组织基础,是在一切工作中克敌制胜的传家宝;有无群众的观点是中国共产党同一切剥削阶级政党的根本区别。
②新的世纪,中国共产党要始终代表人民群众的根本利益,搞好自身思想、政治、组织、作风建设,密切联系群众,改善党与人民群众的关系,使党能够得到广大人民群众的衷心拥护,永远立于不败之地。
37.【参考答案】(1)材料1显示,由于长期政策的倾斜,中国城乡差距十分明显。
农村的公共支出和社会保障远远低于城市,农村的负担却较城市居民重。
城乡差距已经由过去的收入差距和财产差距发展到现在的绝对差距和速度差距,农民收入的增长速度远远低于城市居民。
材料2显示,中国现在不仅存在较为严重的城乡差距,还存在严重的贫富差距,较少的人占据了较多的社会财富。
某些行政上的失误和不得力,导致了贫富差距的扩大,对社会的发展存在潜在的威胁。
(2)材料1、2显示,我国国民的收入差距正在加大。
收入差距的出现具有客观必然性:首先,按劳分配为主体多种分配方式并存的分配制度是收入差距的制度基础。
其次,“鼓励先富”、“带动后富”的发展方针是收入差距的现实基础。
最后,行业垄断、税收征管等收入不公现象加剧了收入差距。
收入差距的扩大并不等于两极分化,两极分化是马克思在分析资本积累时提出来的,随着资本的积累,产生了对立的两极,一极是资产阶级财富的积累,一极是无产阶级贫困的积累,两极分化是和阶级格局的变动联系在一起的,它产生的基础是资本和劳动的对立,在本质上反映了资本主义生产关系。
因此,把收入差距的扩大等同于两极分化是不准确的。
(3)我国消费需求增长速度落后于经济增长速度,抑制国内需求又主要在农村和农民。
由于长期以来对农村投入的偏低,农村基础设施建设落后,农民收入增长缓慢,农村消费市场、需求市场没有和中国农村规模、农民数量成正比。
要解决内需不足的问题,关键还是在于农村和农民,必须着力解决“三农”问题。
因为我国主要人口在农村,农村是我国最具潜力的国内市场。
而农村市场的大小及其发展潜力,最终取决于农业自身的发展。
农业的发展出了问题,直接影响到农民的收入,又影响到农民的购买力。
所以说,“三农”问题不解决,直接制约工业和整个国民经济的发展。
38.本题为选做题,请在Ⅰ、Ⅱ两道试题中选取其中一道作答,若两题都回答,只按第Ⅰ道试题的成绩记入总分。
选做题Ⅰ【答案要点】(1)材料表明,经济全球化是生产力发展的要求,是不以人的意志为转移的客观趋势。
经济全球化加强了各国经济的相互依赖,促使各成员国之间生产要素的合理流动,形成优势互补,推动世界各国经济的共同发展,从这个意义上来说,经济全球化使得各国经济形成‘你中有我、我中有你’的局面,相互依存进一步加强”。
世界经济全球化主要表现在:国际投资增长,带来了资本国际化,贸易国际化,贸易成为国际交往中最活跃的环节和各国经济发展中不可缺少的组成部分,世界进出口贸易总额增长比生产的增长速度高得多,它成为国际经济关系中的一个基本特征,金融国际化,国际金融交易大大超过世界生产和商品交易;跨国公司日益成为世界经济的主导力量。
(2)经济全球化促进了全球生产力的迅猛增长,世界各国都从中受益。
但发达国家成为经济全球化的最大受益者,在经济全球化过程中,贫者越贫、富者越富,贫富差距不断扩大。
因此,可以说“在经济全球化中,蛋糕做大了,但是大蛋糕分给富人,其他人只得到面包屑”。
对于发展中国家来说,经济全球化是双刃剑,它既是机遇又是挑战,具有双重性。
机遇方面是对全球化的肯定(把“蛋糕做大”),经济全球化有利于它们更多地获得资金尤其是跨国公司的直接投资,加快经济发展和结构调整;有利于它们更好地利用自身优势,开拓国际市场,发展对外经济贸易;有利于它们更快地得到先进技术、管理经验,发挥后发优势,实现技术跨越。
而挑战方面则表现为:经济全球化加剧了各国各地区发展的不平衡性,尤其是使南北的发展差距、贫富差距进一步扩大,使发展中国家更容易受到外部经济波动和金融危机的影响。
特别是当发达国家有意利用全球化对发展中国家进行干预时,问题就更严重。
因此,发展中国家既要适应经济全球化趋势,又要趋利避害。
选做题Ⅱ【答案要点】(1)意识形态是社会存在的反映,有什么样的社会存在就有什么样的意识形态,意识形态是具体的;在阶级社会里,意识形态具有阶级性,统治阶级的意识形态是占统治地位的意识形态。
美国是资产阶级占统治地位的资本主义国家,这就决定了美国资本主义民主的虚伪性,一方面,四处鼓吹“自由、平等、博爱”的资产阶级自由民主的意识形态,推销美国式的民主价值观,并将自己伪装成世界民主斗士的模样,意图蒙蔽世界各国;另一方面,对于不服从自己的国家,轻则指手画脚、横加干预,重则诉诸武力,强行推行自己的民主观念,以维护本国资产阶级的利益。
可见,美国民主是虚伪的,本质上是美国国内垄断资产阶级利益的集中表现。
因此,在实践中必然露出其欺骗的本来面目,从而受到世界正义国家的谴责。
(2)罗斯福的这句话表明美国民主制度的核心是:权力和利益永远是国家追求的永恒和根本目标。
就美国而言,其主要表现在它所推行的双重民主标准上:一方面,对无视美国利益的敌人不是通过横加指责来干预内政,就是通过武装入侵来占领别国领土,最终目的都是强行推销美国式的民主、自由的价值观;另一方面,对于已经被纳入到自己民主、自由价值观体系的盟友们的所做作为则持极力支持的态度,即便它们出现了极端行为也将视而不见。