麦田里的守望者霍尔顿个性及其成因分析
浅析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的矛盾性格
浅析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的矛盾性格1. 引言1.1 介绍《麦田里的守望者》及主人公霍尔顿《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家J·D·塞林格创作的一部小说,主要讲述了一个叫霍尔顿·考菲尔德的青少年在纽约度过的三天两夜的经历。
霍尔顿是一个反叛的少年,他对现实世界和社会规范抱有强烈的不满和反感,对虚伪和矫揉造作的行为深感厌恶。
他是一个独来独往的人,不喜欢与人交往,对人际关系持怀疑态度。
霍尔顿的个性备受争议,有人认为他是一个病态叛逆的颓废者,但也有人认为他是一个敢于挑战社会假面具的清道夫。
无论如何,他的形象无疑让读者印象深刻,引发了人们对其内心世界的无尽探索和思考。
霍尔顿的矛盾性格在小说中得到了充分展现,他同时具有对社会的愤世嫉俗和对世界的纯真向往,是一个复杂多变的人物。
在霍尔顿的内心世界中,我们看到了一个同时存在着虚伪和真实、悲观和乐观、愤怒和温柔的人格,这种矛盾性格使他呈现出一种独特的魅力和魅力。
2. 正文2.1 霍尔顿的矛盾性格体现在对社会规范的反叛与对真实性的追求霍尔顿的矛盾性格体现在对社会规范的反叛与对真实性的追求。
霍尔顿是一个叛逆的少年,他对社会的虚伪和假装感到极度厌恶,因此他经常表现出对权威和规则的反抗。
他讨厌虚伪的人和虚伪的行为,更愿意追求真实和纯粹。
这种对社会规范的反叛行为和对真实性的追求形成了霍尔顿矛盾性格的一个重要方面。
在小说中,霍尔顿经常指责别人虚伪不真诚,但他自己也并不完全真实。
他常常撒谎遮掩自己的内心真实感受,对外表造成了一个完全不同的形象,这种行为与他对真实的追求产生了冲突。
他虽然反对社会规范,但自己也无法完全摆脱社会赋予的角色和期望。
2.2 霍尔顿表现出对人性的矛盾态度霍尔顿在《麦田里的守望者》中表现出对人性的矛盾态度,这体现在他对周围人的看法和态度的多变性上。
一方面,霍尔顿对许多人持有批判和不信任的态度,他认为大部分人都是虚伪和自私的。
他对学校同学和老师的看法都非常负面,认为他们都是做作和虚伪的。
叛逆与成长:《麦田里的守望者》中的霍尔顿形象剖析
叛逆与成长:《麦田里的守望者》中的霍尔顿形象剖析一、《麦田里的守望者》简介《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家J·D·塞林格创作于1951年的小说,被誉为20世纪最重要的作品之一。
小说以第一人称叙述方式呈现,主要讲述了十六岁少年霍尔顿·考菲尔德在纽约度过一个周末,并且揭示了他对社会虚伪和人性善恶的思考。
二、霍尔顿·考菲尔德的叛逆性格1. 反对社会假象霍尔顿对社会虚伪深感厌恶,他嘲笑那些为了个人利益而丧失真实自我的人。
他反抗着虚伪面具所代表的成熟和冷漠,代表着对荒谬行为及其动机达到极限情绪。
> "呆板如石英钟机,设法享有一点私下空间;但你知道老子病毒已感染社会——尤其是市场松复时期、“国家安全(显然是指第二次洲际战争)”百廷争议节。
“ (《麦田里的守望者》)2. 对成人世界的不认同霍尔顿排斥成人世界,认为他们无法理解年轻人内心的真实感受。
他对家长、老师以及社会阶层有非常负面的看法,他无法适应这个伪善与冷漠并存的世界,因此努力寻找一个发泄自我的出口。
> "同时我幻想荒谬无厘头事、踏足外地;新地方、孤独美好。
某些时候我想沿途找个远远离开人类完全见识个反脱离,住农场或训练角斗士。
”(《麦田里的守望者》)3. 保护天真与纯洁霍尔顿认为儿童是纯洁无邪的,他试图将这种纯真保留下来,并愿意为此付出努力。
他认为自己有责任站出来保护那些即将失去天真童真的孩子们。
> “当你跑到在馆员前敏捷婴琵琶声飞,而又知道:完犊子!你傻了。
- 而这短促落胎期。
(《麦田里的守望者》)三、霍尔顿·考菲尔德的成长过程1. 寻找自我认同在矛盾与反叛中,霍尔顿不断尝试寻找自己的定位和认同。
他试图通过观察别人和推敲事物来理解自己。
这个过程是艰难且充满挫折的,但也逐渐帮助他建立了清晰的价值观。
> “其积极与阴暗演技操遥控大有真意之来源_起重机作工需要如果所题材支撑范围召任[边界具备请博格对你拉链扣环采伏共染窗户测试问造}`《麦田里的守望者》)2. 学会接纳现实经历一系列挫折和成长后,霍尔顿逐渐认识到无法永远保持理想与天真童心。
浅析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的矛盾性格
浅析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的矛盾性格《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家塞林格的代表作。
小说的主人公霍尔顿是一个十七岁的男孩,他经常表现出一种矛盾的性格特征,同时展现出强烈的反叛心态和孤独感。
本文将从以下几个方面对霍尔顿的矛盾性格做一浅析。
一、寻求真实和追求虚幻的矛盾霍尔顿一方面非常珍爱真实,憎恶虚伪,他认为社会上的许多人都是虚伪的,带着面具生活。
但另一方面他也会逃避现实,通过想象来逃避现实,他幻想着有一个神秘的地方,人们在那里不受批判地做自己想做的事情。
这种寻求真实和追求虚幻的矛盾使霍尔顿陷入了孤独和尴尬的境地。
二、爱恨交加的矛盾霍尔顿对周围的人经常表现出爱恨交加的情绪。
他对他的妹妹菲茨刻意保护,但是又不能忍受她成长为一个女人。
他对弟弟艾伦的死感到非常难过,但是又因为父母的反应而感到非常愤怒和失望。
而且,尽管霍尔顿在社会上表现得非常反叛,但他却表现出极度的渴望被别人关心和爱护的渴望,这种矛盾情感也反映了霍尔顿极端复杂内心。
三、明白人和愚蠢人的矛盾霍尔顿非常鄙视那些他认为愚蠢的人,他对他所见到的一些方面的愚蠢的现实表示出强烈的不满和反感。
然而,霍尔顿又非常看重那些他认为是聪明而有才智的人,他喜欢那些独立思考的人,而且往往对那些发现了自己矛盾的人给予极度的尊重。
这种矛盾表明霍尔顿有着相对固定的价值观同时又有许多无法理解和理解的结构和信仰。
“麦田里的守望者”是一本描绘成长期间的人性与社会现实交汇的小说,通过描绘霍尔顿的性格矛盾,展现了一个孩子心态与现实间的巨大裂缝。
霍尔顿内心深处所面对的矛盾,反映人生本身就是一个充满矛盾的过程,是我们从无知到理智,从稚嫩到成熟自我认知的过程。
《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的精神悲剧成因探析
《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的精神悲剧成因探析作者:孙珊来源:《黑龙江教育学院学报》2014年第12期摘要:《麦田里的守望者》是20世界美国最为著名的小说之一,小说中主人公霍尔顿以第一人称的口吻对自身精神崩溃的全过程进行了讲述,深刻地反映了当时的社会背景和人物的精神面貌。
基于此,主要从霍尔顿自身的因素、社会因素以及家庭因素等方面,探讨其精神悲剧产生的主要原因,以期帮助读者更加全面、深刻地理解小说塑造的人物形象。
关键词:《麦田里的守望者》;米尔顿;精神悲剧;成因中图分类号:I106.4文献标志码:A文章编号:1001-7836(2014)12-0120-02杰罗姆·大卫·塞林格是20世纪美国著名的作家之一,他的小说《麦田里的守望者》一经问世便在美国引起了巨大反响,深受广大青少年的喜爱,同时也是成年人了解青少年内心世界的绝佳读本,这部作品在世界文坛也享有盛誉,影响深远,被公认为是20世纪美国文学的经典之作。
小说的主人翁霍尔顿因为学习成绩太差,第四次被学校开除,在与同学打架之后离校,但他不敢贸然回家,便在纽约城游荡了一天两夜,在纽约的经历使得他看透了世间的各种虚假与欺骗,对他的精神世界产生了极大的影响。
他挣扎着想要逃离令他厌恶的环境,去做“麦田的守望者”,和孩子们在一起,不让他们掉入万恶的悬崖。
但现实和理想之间的矛盾最终使得他的愿望变成了泡影,在一系列的打击之下霍尔顿的精神彻底崩溃了,最终住进了精神病院。
《麦田里的守望者》对霍尔顿精神世界的各个方面都进行了揭示,写出了他受环境影响没落和颓废的一面,也写出了他淳朴和善良的一面,叙述了霍尔顿自身精神崩溃的全部过程,详细地展示了当时美国青少年一代的精神危机。
本文结合对于小说的理解,从不同角度对造成霍尔顿精神悲剧的原因进行了分析。
一、家庭因素对于霍尔顿精神悲剧的影响霍尔顿所处的家庭是加重其心理负担的重要因素。
霍尔顿是一个16岁的少年,正处在人生发展最为美好的青春期,这一阶段是人生观、价值观形成的关键时期,需要来自家庭的温暖和关怀,这对于青少年的成长至关重要。
浅析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的矛盾性格
浅析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的矛盾性格《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家J·D·塞林格的一部经典小说,主角霍尔顿·考尔菲尔德是一个充满矛盾性格的人物。
本文将从叙述霍尔顿的性格特点、分析其矛盾行为的表现以及探讨对其矛盾性格的原因等方面,对霍尔顿的矛盾性格进行浅析。
霍尔顿的性格特点可以归纳为两个方面:一是情感敏感,容易感到孤独和失落;二是反叛、叛逆。
他对社会普遍价值观和现实不满,反感虚伪、假装和不真实的社交场合。
因此,他渴望真实和纯粹的情感,但与此同时,他又有一种懒惰、自私和悲观的情绪,不知道如何让自己脱离心理上的孤独和痛苦。
在小说中,霍尔顿的矛盾性格通过他的行为表现得淋漓尽致。
首先,在社交场合下他表现出了矛盾的心态。
他看不起那些爱慕虚荣的人,但自身却也有虚荣心,一方面拒绝与人交往,另一方面却又不离不弃地留在一个一直拒绝他的姑娘身边。
此外,霍尔顿深知自己孤独,但又不愿尝试去改变这种状态,因为他认为人与人之间的联系往往都是虚假、假装。
其次,霍尔顿的矛盾性格在他的价值观和行为之间的冲突上表现得特别突出。
他对诚实真实的东西充满热情,但却常常撒谎和隐藏真相;反感被动消极,却又不肯主动采取行动去扭转自己的局面。
他反对机械化的思维和生活,希望保有个性自由,但他自己却常常被极端思想所左右,失去了理性判断和独立思考的能力。
针对霍尔顿矛盾性格的原因,可能涉及到身世、成长环境、人格、爱情等多个方面的原因。
从身世和成长环境方面来看,霍尔顿的家庭离异,父母缺席,失去妹妹后他更感孤独,因此在一定程度上影响了他的心理健康和社会交往能力。
另外,霍尔顿的人格有些极端,情感上善感多虑,青春期的年龄阶段常伴随着情绪波动,使他更容易出现矛盾情绪和行为。
最后,爱情对霍尔顿来说是显而易见的,他对同龄女孩有着强烈的欲望和情感需求,但在实际交往过程中阻碍了他实现自己的价值观和理想。
总的来说,霍尔顿的矛盾性格是一种复杂和多面性格,它既高度表现了主人公的独立和反叛,又体现出了他对社会的不满和对现实与理想的落差感知。
揭秘《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的心理变化
揭秘《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的心理变化简介《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家J.D.塞林格的经典小说之一,出版于1951年。
该小说以主人公霍尔顿·考菲尔德为视角,描绘了他在纽约离校前的三天生活,以及他对社会和成长问题的独特看法。
本文将揭秘霍尔顿在小说中经历的心理变化。
霍尔顿的初始状态1.孤独感:霍尔顿在学校中常常被孤立,感觉与周围环境格格不入。
2.对虚伪和冒充感到厌恶:霍尔顿对社交场合中那些虚伪和冒充自己的人感到厌恶。
3.渴望保护纯真:霍尔顿忧心忡忡地想要保护那些纯真无邪的孩子,让他们远离世俗污染。
触发点:弟弟阿利迪斯的死亡1.震撼与失落:阿利迪斯去世让霍尔顿感到巨大失落,他对自己的无能为力感到沮丧。
2.对现实的逃避:霍尔顿试图通过逃离现实来摆脱痛苦,他选择了离开学校,不再回家。
纽约之旅:迷茫与反叛1.反复的寻找:在纽约,霍尔顿表现出对真实性和真相的渴望,他试图通过与各种人交流和观察社会现象来寻找答案。
2.对社会的失望:在和不同人接触后,霍尔顿逐渐失去对社会的信任感。
他看到虚伪、冷漠和堕落,并对这些问题感到愤怒。
3.渐入孤独:霍尔顿意识到自己与其他人格格不入,无法找到归属感。
这种孤独使他越来越封闭,并产生了对人际关系的敌视态度。
心灵启示:回忆中带来的理解1.回忆阿利迪斯:回忆起与弟弟阿利迪斯共度时光让霍尔顿重新审视自己。
他开始珍惜那些纯真和美好的时光。
2.对逝去无法挽回的事物的悔恨:霍尔顿意识到自己曾经不珍惜的东西,特别是失去阿利迪斯后才懂得珍惜。
理解与成长1.感受到温暖:霍尔顿逐渐体会到热情和善意,感受到一丝人性的温暖。
2.足够强大面对现实:霍尔顿逐渐接受现实,并且学会勇敢地面对自己内心的恐惧和痛苦。
3.接受变化与希望:最终,霍尔顿开始接受生活中的变化,寻找新的希望和出路。
虽然他还保持着一份特殊的抵触情绪,但同时也拥有了积极向前看的态度。
结论《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿经历了一番心理上的变化,从初始状态中孤独而反叛,到在纽约之旅中认识到真相却感到失望与无奈,再到通过回忆与思考中获得心灵启示和理解,最终接受现实并迎向未来的希望。
浅析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的矛盾性格
浅析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的矛盾性格《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家J·D·塞林格的代表作之一,书中的主人公霍尔顿·考尔菲尔德被认为是一个充满矛盾性格的人物。
霍尔顿既渴望表现出自己的成熟和坚定,又将自己隐藏在反叛和冷漠的外表之下。
这种矛盾性格使得霍尔顿成为一个备受争议的人物,在文学界和读者中引发了许多的讨论。
霍尔顿具有一种反叛的本性,他不愿意遵从任何规则和约束。
在书中,霍尔顿对学校和社会的规矩表示了极大的反感,他认为这些规矩都是虚伪的和无聊的。
他对校长、老师和同学都怀有敌意,对于他们的做法和说辞都持有怀疑和鄙视的态度。
这种反叛的本性在霍尔顿的言行中表现的淋漓尽致,他总是试图挑战既定的秩序和权威,甚至不惜为此付出代价。
与此霍尔顿的反叛也暴露出他内心深处的渴望被理解和被认同的渴望。
霍尔顿的矛盾性格还表现在他对生活的态度上。
他在书中经常表现出一种悲观和消极的情绪,对人生的意义和目标并没有一个明确的认识。
他对周围的环境和人际关系都持有极大的怀疑和不信任,似乎对一切都持有消极的看法。
当他谈到自己的妹妹菲莉丝时,霍尔顿的态度却又截然不同。
他对菲莉丝有一种特殊的情感,他对她充满了关爱和呵护的情感,希望她永远保持着纯真和善良。
这种对菲莉丝的独特感情暴露出了霍尔顿内心深处的渴望被爱和被理解的心理需求。
霍尔顿在言行中还表现出矛盾的幼稚和成熟。
他经常表现出一种孩子气的面孔,对于现实和未来都抱有一种天真的想法。
他容易感到孤独和虚弱,经常陷入消沉和自怜之中。
与此他又有着一种成熟和坚定的一面,面对生活的困难和压力时,他能够保持镇定和坚强,以一种超出年龄的方式面对挑战和困难。
这种幼稚和成熟的矛盾性格使得霍尔顿成为一个富有争议的人物,在读者中引发了广泛的讨论。
霍尔顿的矛盾性格使得他成为一个备受争议的人物,他的言行在某种程度上反映了现代青少年的内心挣扎和矛盾。
他对规则的反叛、对生活的悲观和对自我的矛盾,都具有一种现实意义。
《麦田守望者》主人公霍尔顿人物形象分析
《麦田守望者》主人公霍尔顿人物形象分析《麦田守望者》主人公霍尔顿人物形象分析黑体小二号居中,单倍行距摘要霍尔顿是塞林格著名的文学作品《麦田里的守望者》里的小主人公,也是当时美国年轻人的代表人物。
显而易见,形象鲜活的霍尔顿给各个时代的读者都带来了深深地震撼。
本文将着重分析研究霍尔顿的个性特征。
主人公所处的现实社会是矛盾的、对立的。
“假模假样”是这部小说中的一个经典词语,也是主人公常用的词语。
本文将从霍尔顿矛盾性格对立的角度,对他的两方面个性特征进行分析,包括其个性中的反叛性以及其坚守纯真,追求幸福的崇高愿望。
同时探究主人公霍尔顿矛盾性格形成的成因,从社会环境和教育环境两个维度来解读,以期能探索其性格形成的根源。
为了让读者能够更深入的了解主人公和第二次世界大战后美国的社会现状,及作品背后蕴藏的深意,本文对霍尔顿这个具有代表性的人物形象作了深刻的剖析。
关键词: 纯真;性格分析;假模假样;反叛Abstract Holden is the youngprotagonist of the famous literary w orks “The Catcher in the Rye“, which is written by Salinger. At the same time, Holden also represents the youth of American at that time. It is obvious that the vivid image of Holden profoundly impacts all its readers. This thesis will focus on analyzing the personality characteristics of Holden. The real society in which the protagonist lives is contradictory and antagonistic. “Phony“ is a classic words in the novel, and it is also commonly used by the protagonist. It vividly described social hypocrisy and ugliness in the eyes of Holden. This article will analyze Holden’s contradictory character from two aspects, including the rebelliousness in his personality and his noble ideals of defending for purity and chasing happiness. Meanwhile, this paper also explores causes that formed Holden’s contradictory personality by analyzing social and environmental factors, aiming to find out the root of his character. In order to give the reader a deeper understanding on the protagonist, the social situation of the United States after in the Second World War, and the profound meaning behind the works, this article makes a profound analysis on the representative image of Holden. Key words: Purity; personality analysis; phony; rebel Contents 摘要ⅰAbstract ⅱContents ⅲChapterOne Introduction 2 1.1 Holden Caulfield 2 1.2 The Author and the Significance of the Novel 2 Chapter Tow Holden—the Innocent image in The Catcher in the Rye 2 2.1 Holden — A Young Man Loving Pure Childhood Time 2 2.2 Holden--A Patron God for Children 2 2.2.1 The Ideal Eden 2 2.2.2 A Catcher 2 Chapter Three A Rebel Resenting the World 2 3.1 A Rebel against Mundane Affairs 2 3.1.1 A Rebel against the School 2 3.1.2 A Symbol for the Rebel— Red Hunter Cap 2 3.2 Evading in the Revolt 2 3.3 Growing in the Revolt 2 Chapter Four The reasons of Contradictory character 2 4.1 The social environment 2 4.2 The education environment 2 Chapter Five Conclusion 2 Bibliography 2 Acknowledgements 21Chapter One Introduction 1.1 Holden Caulfield The hero in The Catcher in the Rye, Holden Caulfield, was a middle school student, who was born in a rich middle-class family. He was only 16 years old, but he was taller than normal teenagers of the same age. He always wore a cap and trench coat every day. Holden did not like studying at school, and was expelled from school three times. Although he was expelled for failing four of his five subjects at the end of one semester, he didn't feel sorry. After fighting with his classmates, he didn’t dare to go home. Then he found a smallhotel to live in for one day. And he saw some men and women with disordered life there. There was a man who wore women clothes; each of his postures made Holden feel sick. He would hang out in clubs every time he felt bored. He was annoyed when returning back to the hotel. So he agreed with Maurice’s advice to work as an elevator worker, since Maurice would find a prostitute for him. But when the prostitute came, he felt nervous and scared, and finally had to give five dollars to the prostitute. The next day, Holden donated $10 to two nuns while wandering in the street. Holden went skating with his girlfriend Sally after watching a match. When he saw Sally’s insincerity, Holden felt bad. Holden didn’t want to go home or continue to go to school. Therefore, he decided to make a living in the west and pretended to be a deaf and dumb to live his rest life. But before leaving, he would like to see his sister. So he called her. Having waited for her for a long time, he saw his sister Phoebe arrived dragging a big suitcase full of her clothes. She was determined to go with her brother to the west. Finally, because of his sister’s persistence, he had to give up his plan to the west.1.2 The Author and the Significance of the Novel The Catcher in the Rye is one of the greatest works of modern literature. The author, Jerome David Salinger, wrote this novel whilingpublishing some short novels. However, it had made significant impact on the society and literature of America. The Catcher in the Rye was popular among American teenagers, because it reflected their inside feeling. Critics believed it was the best “initiation novel”. They considered that the novel had some similarities with Huckleberry Finn, a masterpiece of Mark Twain. After it published, The Catcher in the Rye directly influenced creating novels of this kind. “I just wanted to be a catcher in the rye” is its symbolic image, representing the whole meaning of the novel. Salinger hoped to have such a dream that he could accompany the growth of children. Holden’hunter red hat, another profound meaning of the image, consistently existed through the whole novel. The hero would like to be “the catcher in the rye” and then he would be responsible for the safety of children and alert like a hunter. His hat stood for his ideal and responsibility and also the harbor of body and mind. Later he gave the hat to his most beloved sister hoping that she could approve with his thoughts and actions. Chapter Two Holden—the Innocent Image in The Catcher in the Rye 2.1 Holden — a Young Man Loving Pure Childhood Time It can be known from the novel that Holden did not like the hypocrisy of society, and looked forwards to chase the purity of childhood.As long as purity is mentioned, it will make the pure world occur to our mind. In this novel, the pure world was demonstrated by the representative characters. The first one was Alley who was Holden's younger brother. He loved Alley for the reason that Alley was his brother as well as because his chasteness and wisdom. As Holden remembered, he slept in the carbarn at the time when Alley died. So he always thought that he should be responsible for Alley’s death. Because he was particularly sad, his fists fiercely broke the glass window. Additionally, he also had the mind that he would die, too. There is another detail that also could found he loved Alley very much: he had been keeping Alley’s baseball glove. As Stradlater's request Holden created an article whose content is concerning about the gloves. He often talked to Alley, and it seemed that his younger brother still stayed beside him. As Phoebe asked Holden about what kind thing and person he liked, it often easily made hime to has his cute brother in mind. He knew that Alley had died, but he was the symbol of purity in his heart. Holden exerted all his energies to conrcern with Phoebe when faced her. He looked forward to defend her innocent and pure heart. As he was swallowed by the hypocritical people as well as society, and even as he almost lost hope for everything, then he enteredPhoebe’s room. He told her that he was afraid he would not have an opportunity to see her any more before his death. At the time he made up his mind to go to the West, he said goodbye to Phoebe. He was almost insane when he found the obscene words on the her school walls. It was very has for him to imagine that if students see these kinds of words, what would appear in their mind. Phoebe had expressed her willing to company with him, but he refused frankly. He looked forward her keeping a positive and optimistic attitude towards her life. One time she just said a simple words “shut up”, which surprised him a lot. In Holden's mind, when encounter troublesome things, he would think the little girls wearing skating shoes wew very lovable. Here, the word “lovable“ was employed to describe the world in opposition to “hypocritical”. As to the meaning of “lovable“, it contained the quality of sincerity and innocent, and all of them were illustrated by children. Holden had encountered two nuns, both of them were quite nice because they put all their heart and soul to help others, which was different to his aunts who would not do good things. In addition, his aunt would never appear before the public without making up. However, the nuns were not do the same, so they were the symbol of adult's purity. What's more, there werea lot of other things occured in his mind every now and then, for example his girlfriend Jane, Richard who spoke unconstrainedly in oral class, the changeless duck, the fish in lake, as well as the relic in museum, and even a hunter's red cap, all of which transmitted intrinsic signals in his sub-consciousness. In “Survey of Contemporary American Novel” proposed by Huang Tiechi who argued that the signals just keeps two information: the first one is that Holden loves purity and keeps chasing it, and also looks forward to keep innocence as children; the other is changeless and freezing things, and they all demonstrate his intelligence and dignity. (Huang, 2000: 7). 2.2 Holden--A Patron God for Children As Holden had fight against the ugly world, he felt quite tired, and he had disappointment about the corruption and mendacity in the society. He desired to run into the real Eden, at which place he could live with purity and honesty. 2.2.1 The Ideal Eden As to Holden, the ideal Eden was a pure and innocent place for children. Holden agued the world he lived in were full of wicked and brutal things, and the people were all lousy. Therefore, he preferred to isolate himself from the hated world and people. Different with the inveracious and wicked adult world, children's simplicity made him be pleased and comforted. To him, together with childrenwas very important to him, as well as his dream about childhood was significant to him. The children world was as clear as crystal, and it was a world filled with love, and warm could be found everywhere. Holden kept the ideal it s hould protect children from disturbing, so that they can keep the pure and real nature of human. It is the ideal Eden that made Holden to become a protector to protect the good nature of children. In the adult world, dismay and corruption were here and there. So, in Holden’s mind, the single thing that worth him to do is to make all his effort to protect children from not to be influenced, and try his best to maintain their innocent nature. “Anyway, I keep picturing all these little kids playing some game in this big field of rye and all. Thousands of little kids, and nobody’s around-nobody big, I mean-except me. And I’m standing on the edge of some crazy cliff. What I have to do, I have to catch everybody if they start to go over the cliff-I mean if they’re running and they don’t look where they’re going I have to come out from somewhere and catch them. That’s all I’d do all day. I’d just be the catcher in the rye and all.”His biggest wish was to defend purity and children. He believed that people were naive and pure when they were children before decaying by adult. There was no doubt that the ideal Eden was equivalentto a faultless Holy Land. 2.2.2 A Catcher Holden created by the author was test himself and his life concept again. Finally, Holden started to clearly make up his thoughts—a bit incoherently, it was true—concerning the thing he was willing to do in h is life. His hope is to be the “catcher”, who can defend children and their purity. He struggled to protect naive children from being disturbed by decadent adult world. He thirsted for philosophical meaning of his life, which keeps a primary moral aim overpassing the reality and practice. The task was as important as a savior. He didn’t mean to be sacrilegious intent, but his only hope was to keep human away from wickedness. The point of view of Holden was that all the unhappy features of a child were because he or her touch the adult world too early. Therefore, he longed for children to maintain purity, and never involving in adult world. Therefore, Holden preferred to become a catcher in the rye, so that he could save a lot of pure and naive children from the edge of cliff. It can be seen from the novel The Catcher in the Rye that the author assure us that Holden has the noble dream to seek for universal fraternity and spirit. He acted as a mutineer to the society, what’s more, he also manifested as a “catcher” protecting purity and children from the evil adult world. In addition, the purity that the childrenowned was one of the most distinguished nature of human. Holden’s career was significant, because it was good for children as well as for the whole world. It was no doubt that Holden should get the greatest compliment to some extent. Chapter Three A Rebel Resenting the World 3.1 A Rebel against Mundane Affairs From the novel, it can be recognized that people had the right to obtain education right. For the purpose of achieving success, all people tried their best to pursue knowledge. He despised those around him, for example his father, his brother and others. Here giving an example to illustrate, “The father who is making a lot of dough and plays golf and plays bridge and buys cars and drinks Martinis and looks like a hot-shot.”. His brother was quite clever, D. B, he chose the way to Hollywood, and looked forward to earn money by creating scripts. In addition, Anto Nepali married a old woman who had a lot of treasure. Holden hated all things like those. Therefore, he started to fight against the real world, and hoped to have a wonderful life as he want. 3.1.1 A Rebel against the School In the first part of the novel, it described that Holden was weeded out of Pencey because he fail one course out of five ones. However, he hadn’t as the school’s stipulated time, in fact, he left school in advance, which was hisown way to revolt against the school. On his own initiative, he left school because of his own willing, but not because of outside driving. He was reluctant to make effort to learn, which clearly demonstrated he revolted against the educational system at that time. From some details in the story, they could also manifest Holden’s rebellion characters. Here giving an example, once he had visited his teacher Mr. Antolini, who compared and analyzed the difference between immature and mature man, and gave him the significant suggestions, but not suicidal suggestion.What was Holden’s response to the sincere advice? He had no interests in listening to suggestions of the teacher, since he only cared for himself. Holden didn’t accept the roles in the world by the constructive way, on the contrary, he rebelled against the school and the family, even the world with the immature attitude. Additionally, he displayed the revolt mood through the words of counter-legitimate and counter-cultured. For instance, it appeared frequently in his words “damn, goddamn, ass, old and so on.” These words appeared with extremely high frequency. It seemed as if Holden was degenerating. The implied meanings in these words are his attitude to the society, and they also expressed he was disgruntled and sad. His weird words and action made him outof the standards rule of society. 3.1.2 A Symbol for the Rebel—Red Hunter Cap As to the red hat from a hunter, it was an unique symbol of the whole novel. The cap stood for Holden’s passive attitude and quality towards a lot of unhappy things in life. He bought it at the time he was repelled in school, and he had mentioned that if he did not want unhappy things to happen, he would wear it. The hunter cap had particular meaning in his dormitory. He said he knew it was hateful to wear the peak to back, but he liked to do it like that.After struggling with Stradlater, he displayed his behavior in an idiosyncratic way again. When he left Pencey, he wore the cap again and place the peak behind, which manifested his joyfulness and deliberateness. He often explained that he liked it that way, and highlighted that he just liked to do as that, from which it could be seen that demonstrated his choice explicitly, and also displayed that he rebelled against the social rule and norm. He made effort to express his wish by unnormal way. He looked forward to be himself, and had to manifest him in the hypocritical and insincere world. Generally speaking, the action of rebellion had agitative feature. It was no doubt that this kind of behavior had unique and particular meaning. Therefore, when recognizing the real society was impacted by decadentthings, Holden revolted at once. While, his defiance was too negligible, hard and slow to be caught in mire. The more he rebelled, the deeper he would be caught, until to be swallowed.3.2 Evading in the Revolt There was such a description in the novel. Holden wandered outside for three days and nights, observing and found the adult world was filled with wickedness, insincerity and evil. He was sensitive, but was not recognized by the society. He did not wants to live lonely, and hoped to get understand from the noisy world, therefore he tried to employ adult communication mode to talk with other people. It was the fact that he was eager to be understood and loved. Holden still kept an overwhelming dream, like a lot of children as well as adult, and need to pay attention. Holden usually appeared in a lot kinds of public places, and used phone to invited peoples including taxi driver and strangers. However, the results are usual out of his expectation, because he was refused or had no common words. Here, giving an example from the novel to demonstrate. After leaving hometown, Holden met Mrs. Morrow. He used lie to make her laugh, but they were glad. The other example was about a prostitute. He called her, but never felt any sexual desire. In fact, his three days experience was the effort he made to try to be understood and to acquire communication. Heoften looked forward to talk with people, because he was too lonely, and desired and catched all opportunities to communicate. With the more unpleasant communication, the more he was dissatisfied. He intended to revolt, however the fact was that he had no choice but to accept the world, but try to escape from it, however, he had to compromise once again. He even kept the mind that he was a man who could not hear and speak because he could not communicate with others in a long time. The world was repelling him, and there was full of loneliness in his heart, which alert him must be phony as others, as well as doing phony things. He made planed for his future life: he imaged he would do a work in gas station where he does not need to think about the type of work or nobody know him; where he does not need to hear and speak, but just get information from the customer’s piece of paper. So, it can be easily found that his decision and action had very closely relationship with the real life and world, despite he could not found hope in the society he lived in. Analyzing from this aspect, it could be seen that he accept and understand about the real world, and it was reasonless to escape from the society. He finally went to a distant place in silent. He had no other choice but to do like that. Holden's final purpose was not to keep away from people andlive in a distant place. The truth was that he experieced had fight between the idal and reality for the aim to find a suitable place. But, after encountering more and more failure, he recognized that no matter what he did, it would be no use. There was no such an ideal place in real world. Wang Lihong was a famous reviewer, and he once said Holden just had two choice, one was to accept the real society, the other was to be insane. In the real world, he had no choice but to accept the reality. Wang also gave an example to argue his point of view: Holden went back to school in Sept. and attempted to integrate i nto the society again. (Wang, 2006:180) As Wang's opinion, he chose to compromise totally. 3.3 Growing in the Revolt In his novel, J.D had created two lovely roles who were Holden and Phoebe, and they two were like angles. They possessed good qualities like kindness, honesty and courage. They had sympathy with others, and in particular, had the character of rebellion. They also get rid of the common norms of the society, and finally developed their own thought. His younger sister, Phoebe was the only one who Holden could talk about his ideal with. It was also Phoebe roused Holden’s heart by her loveliness and wisdom. Holden had experienced three days and nights seeking for communication, from which knew how torevolt against reality as well as recognized the important meaning of growth. There was detail description in 25th chapter of his book: Holden sat on a bench, and after a while, he watched his little sister riding wooden horse and playing with other children. Meanwhile, the children revolved again along with music. And he thought that they all were making effort to get the gold ring, including Phoebe, he worried she may fall off, but he still kept silence and did nothing. . At the beginning Holden took care of Phoebe as parents, however he recognized that the best parents should allow kids to do something they want, and try to take adventure. Therefore, Holden believed it was important for children to attempt to tough new things, which may have some risk. After realizing that, he just watched Phoebe grabbing the golden horse by herself tightly, and did not disturbed her. Here, the character’s conflict was manifested, that is to say, he reluctant to accept the adult life, but he had to grow up and learned to be mature. He was not a child any more, and would be adult soon, even though he thought the adult world were decadent. If he want to grow up quickly, he had to take adventure with enough courage. Then, he made effort to know the world and to accept it. This was a very necessary course he had to learn. He finally knew that if there was happiness, therewas also sorrow, and the same as beauty and ugliness, which he learned from Phoebe. So, he believed that if the children wanted to grab the gold ring, adult should allow them to do and just keep silence; they may fallen off, but it was not good for adults to stop them . (Salinger,1951:211). Since then, he had been more and more mature. The merry-go-round was like life, as it revolved, the life also continued. Every body was revolved around the center axis. There was a academic article about this novel, and it made conclusion that Holden was not the only man who doubted and dissatisfied with real society, but if the jockey could follow the rules and adjust himself, then he/her would be safe on the wooden horse, in spite of everything outside. (Kong, 2001: 72) Time after time, Holden finally recognized that he longed for peace and solitude. Chapter Four The Reasons of Contradictory characters 4.1 Social Environment Holden met his brother’s ex-girlfriend when he drank in Greenwich Village and talked with his brother about who was a talented writer. His brother had published a good short story. But later he began to write some vulgar plays for Hollywood because of money. The ex-girlfriend pleased Holden and wanted to make up his brother. Holden felt disgusted and depressed about his brother, who was full of wit, submitted to the lure of money. Noordinary people would like his brother’s ex-girlfriend nor would artists like his brother who worked for money. The whole society was full of materialism. Even the art was filled with the worship of money. Holden’s disgust and frustration showed his contempt of adult world which was mired in materialism. Holden met Sarne at the night of his traveling. He sympathized with Sarne who gave in herself to vice due to the burden of life. Sarne was confused, angry with him, beating him and even ransacking him. She was the image of a social victim. Though, she had accepted the rules of the society where people were only interested in their own interests without caring about others as much as themselves. Holden had sympathy for her. He once again felt the indifference of society and the distortion of human nature. Therefore, every time Holden approached to people, he could not build an effective communication with them. Holden was banished from the world before he refused the world. So he expressed himself in a distorted way. He was cynical, sarcastic, liking lying, speaking nonsense, teasing, and even insulting others. He often felt that he was a terrible liar, a madman, and a fool. After he gained insight of the distortion of the adult world and also his own spiritual distortions, it seemed that escape was the only choice for Holden. However reality let him know that“you will never find a comfortable, quiet pl ace, because there is no place like this”. 4.2 Educational Environment The school where Holden studied had a high reputation in the educational field, which should provide a good education and healthy growth for students. On the contrary, there were a lot of unhealthy social trends. Everyone around Holden was “a hypocrite”. Reading books and learning knowledge were only to “get advanced in the society so that in the future they can buy a goddam Cadillac”. What students did was “talking about women, alcoho l and sex”. Obviously, such school was not an ideal place for Holden. He looked down upon those hypocrites who were senior students and hated those classmates who followed them, which made him unfit to the surroundings. No one could really understand his rebellious character. Andolini is one of the most important figures whom Holden visited after he left school. He used to be Holden’s teacher. Holden considered him as the best teacher he had in his life, and respected his brave and righteous deeds. Therefore, after Holden suffered a series of defeat, he came to Antonelli’s apartment with confidence and imagined to get understanding and consolation. But the teacher who once left him a good impression told his students: “the sign of an immature man is that he is willing to die bravely for hiscause”, and his mark a mature man with difference that he prefers to live humbly for his cause. It was clear that Holden was “immature” in his mind, and he himself was “mature”. From the perspective of the adult world, the advice Antonelli gave to Holden might make sense. But it couldn’t release Holden’s confusion. He was lonely and painful because he didn’t want to live humbly like most people. Even his most respected and trusted teacher educated him to be a person like that. He was very confused, very disappointed, especially when he woke up from his sleep and found that his teacher might be a gay. He then immediately found an excuse and escaped away from Antonelli’s house. All his hopes vanished; what the world gave him was only despair.Chapter Five Conclusion In the novel, the author showed us a subtle, rebellious and quite self-conscious teenager who found his own identity from the external society, however, in which he found him was inconsistent with the society in reverse. In the novel, Holden stood for a revolt to real society, and stood in the opposite position to combat mendacity and smuttiness. He was tired of and even and dismayed about the decadence and fraud. In the process of rebelling the already built life values in the adult society, he recognized the real meaning and significance oflife. As a representative young man, he loved and had a sensitive feeling for the modern world. Meanwhile, he was an adolescent, concatenating these in childhood and adulthood. Therefore, he manifested naivety, sincerity and honesty were needed. In his heart, Childhood was the most wonderful time in his life. What’s more, he desired enter a real Eden at that place all people could pursue naive and genuine life. His willi ng is to become “a catcher in the rye.” Without any doubt, it was a particular noble work for him. Generally speaking, in this novel, Holden was designed as rebellion to the society and dream pursuer at the same time. In a word, through depicting Holden Caulfield’s feeling to the society, the author vividly presented social problems at that time. At the same time, Holden is a typical adolescent of the time in America. No matter in the past or at present, his particular figure brings people to have a deep thought about their life and society. Bibliography Geismar,Maxwell. American Moderns:From Rebellion to Conformity. New York: Hill and Wang, 1998. Hassan, Ihab. Radical Innocence: Studies in the Contemporary Novel. New Jersey: Princeton University, 1997. Salinger, J.D.. The Catcher in the Rye. Boston (Little, Brown and Company edition), 1951. Peter Shaw. New Essays on The Catcher in the Rye.。
浅析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的矛盾性格
浅析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的矛盾性格《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家 J.D. Salinger 的代表作之一,讲述了主人公霍尔顿的故事。
霍尔顿是一位矛盾而多面的人物,他的性格充满了矛盾和复杂性。
在小说中,霍尔顿经历了许多令人震惊和深思的事件,他的矛盾性格也在这些事件中得到充分展现。
本文将就霍尔顿的矛盾性格进行浅析,探讨其内心世界及其行为所展现出的矛盾之处。
首先要了解的是,霍尔顿的矛盾性格体现在他对世界的看法上。
他常常对周围的人和事物感到厌烦和失望,却又对人性充满了信任和渴望。
霍尔顿看似冷漠和鄙视一切,但其内心深处却有一种渴望与纯真的情感。
他看到社会的虚伪和世俗,对此感到愤慨和不满,同时又羡慕和追求真诚和纯真。
他犹豫不决和自相矛盾的行为正是他内心矛盾的折射。
霍尔顿的矛盾性格还表现在他对世界的态度和行为上。
他总是表现出一种不屑一顾和自以为是的态度,看似对一切都没有太大的兴趣。
然而在他的行为和语言中却又流露出对世界的渴望和对情感的追求。
他追求真理和真实,却又在现实中显得孤僻和消极。
他张扬和傲慢,然而又表现出对世界的纯真和对人性的渴望。
这种矛盾的态度和行为正是霍尔顿复杂心理的体现。
霍尔顿的矛盾性格还表现在他与周围人的关系上。
他常常表现出对家人和朋友的冷漠和疏远,然而在紧要关头又总是会伸出援手和关怀他人。
他对周围人和社会的失望和愤慨,但又在关键时刻表现出对人性的信任和渴望。
他在寻找纯真和真诚的又在与家人和朋友的交往中显得孤独和无奈。
这种矛盾的关系表明了霍尔顿内心深处的纠结和挣扎。
霍尔顿的矛盾性格体现在他对世界的看法、态度和行为以及与他人的关系中。
他对世界的厌倦和失望,却又对真理和情感的追求展现出一个内心复杂、矛盾多面的形象。
这种矛盾性格使霍尔顿成为一个备受矛盾和困扰的人物,也为读者呈现了一个丰富多彩的精神世界。
《麦田里的守望者》正是通过对霍尔顿这一多面性格的描绘,带给人们对内心世界的深刻思考和感悟。
《麦田里的守望者》主人公霍尔顿的反叛方式及原因
小说《麦田里的守望者》的主人公霍尔顿是一个不折不扣的“反英雄”式代表。
他厌倦、痛恨成人世界的假恶丑,却无力改变这种现状,于是,他只得选择放纵、堕落、自暴自弃,以“虚伪”和“撒谎”的方式去反抗现实社会的虚伪和“假模假式”,在绝望之余,他选择了逃避现实,皈依自然。
霍尔顿“反英雄”式反叛方式所蕴含的内涵对于当今社会具有深刻的启迪意义1951 年问世的《麦田里的守望者》是杰罗姆·戴维·塞林格一生中最富代表性的一部长篇小说,它虽然只有十几万字,却在美国产生了巨大的影响,被许多文学评论家誉为反叛迂腐与虚伪的“现代经典小说”。
作者通过细腻而深刻的语言,以第一人称叙述形式描绘了一个十六岁少年在离开学校和家庭的三天中,独自闯荡成人世界的心路历程,小说塑造的主人公霍尔顿以其圣洁天真的本能和敏感对成人世界的虚伪、欺诈、堕落、无知、冷漠表现出了极大的反感与反叛,是一个孤独的桀骜不驯的具有强烈鲜明反抗性格的当代美国青年形象,它“几乎大大地影响了好几代美国青年”。
①正如美国文艺评论家大卫·盖洛威所说,“霍尔顿是西方现代社会的代表,同时也是现代社会的批评者”,他所表现出的强烈的反抗情绪更是一个不折不扣的“‘反英雄’的代表”。
[ 1 ]一、霍尔顿的反叛方式( 一) 以“自暴自弃”方式反叛现实社会。
按照传统的世俗观点,主人公霍尔顿其言语谈吐、行为举止、服饰着装都近乎一个十足的“疯子”。
他身穿晴雨两用风衣,头戴一顶红色鸭舌帽,还把鸭舌转到脑后。
他满嘴脏话,全是“他妈的”、“混账”、“杂种”等词语。
他挥金如土、大手大脚,如小说所说,“我在约莫两个混账星期里已经花掉了一个国王的收入”,“一点不假,我天生是个败家子。
有了钱不是花掉,就是丢掉。
有多半时间我甚至都会在饭馆里或夜总会里忘记拿找给我的钱”。
更疯狂的是,十六岁的霍尔顿酗酒抽烟,“一天里约莫抽了整整三条烟”,乃至“有点儿喘不过气来,呼吸短得要命”,他还得一个劲地抽。
麦田里的守望者人物性格分析
麦田里的守望者人物性格分析摘要杰罗姆大卫塞林格是美国现代文学史上杰出的小说家,他在小说《麦田里的守望者》中形象的刻画了主人公霍尔顿考尔菲德叛逆的形象。
这部小说,通过霍尔顿向我们叙述了二战后美国青少年的生活及物质的丰富与精神的匮乏之间的矛盾。
这一形象在霍尔顿身上尤为明显。
本文从四部分写霍尔顿的性格和造成的社会原因以及对现当代我们的启示。
小说中主人公霍尔顿厌恶现实世界的虚伪,并设法逃离,但是由于自身性格的原因而失败以至于最后精神的崩溃。
这是那个时代的悲剧,在特定的国家和特定的时期中的悲剧。
故事的结尾写了主人公想要作为一名麦田里的守望者,守护那些纯真的孩子免受现实的摧毁。
关键词反英雄懦弱善良目录摘要一.主人公的人物性格分析(一)主人公的颓废、懦弱(二)主人公的善良(三)人物性格总结二.社会原因三对现当代的启示一.主人公的人物性格分析在《麦田里的守望者》中,主人公霍尔顿是一个性格比较复杂的人。
他具有反英雄形象,具有着懦弱、善良的色彩。
(一)霍尔顿的颓废、懦弱霍尔顿菲尔德经常带着他钟爱的鸭舌帽,游游荡荡,不愿读书。
他对学校里的一切一一老师、同学、功课、球赛都烦透了,三次被学校开除。
又一个学期结束了,他又因为在五门功课中四门不及格而被校方开除。
但他一点也不难受,他觉得这一切都是很让他看不惯的。
在和同房间的同学打了一架后,他深夜离开学校,回到纽约城,当天深夜住进了一家小旅馆。
他无聊至极,便去夜总会厮混了一阵。
回旅馆时,心里仍觉得十分烦闷,糊里糊涂答应电梯工毛里斯,让他叫来了一个妓女(十五块钱到第二天,五块钱一次)。
他一看到妓女又紧张害怕,给了妓女五块钱打发她走了,可妓女要十块钱。
后来妓女找毛里斯来找事,毛里斯把霍尔顿打了一顿,拿走了他们要的另外五块钱。
接着霍尔顿独自去看了场电影,又到酒吧里和一个老同学一起喝酒,喝得酩酊大醉。
这些都写了霍尔顿的颓废。
被学校开除,叫妓女,去酒吧等都颓废。
在学校离开时,被同学打,后来被妓女和电梯工打,他不敢去反抗,去斗争,这体现了他的懦弱。
对《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的性格分析
文学评论·外国文学对《麦田里的守望者》中霍尔顿的性格分析丁爽文 吉林大学公共外语教育学院摘 要:《麦田里的守望者》是由美国作家赛林格所著,在此文章中着重塑造了霍尔顿叛逆的青少年形象,讲述了他所经历的精神危机以及痛苦,细致的描写了他的孤独,无比纠结的心理状态。
本篇文章将对霍尔顿的性格进行细致的解读,进而揭示二战后美国青年崩塌的精神状态。
关键词:性格特征;心理状态;《麦田里的守望者》作者简介:丁爽文(1995.2-),女,汉族,吉林省吉林市人,硕士学历,吉林大学公共外语教育学院学生,研究方向:外国语言学及应用语言学。
[中图分类号]:I106 [文献标识码]:A[文章编号]:1002-2139(2019)-14-126-01引言:《麦田里的守望者》中的主人公霍尔顿,是正值青春期大好时光的青少年,是三观逐渐形成的关键时期,此时他刚刚经历了弟弟的去世,正处于悲痛之中,而与此同时,由于缺乏朋友的关心理解、年长的人的关爱和关照,他感到十分的痛苦不安、各种焦躁焦虑的情绪笼罩着他,他无处发泄,也无法适应以这样的心理状态生活下去。
在纽约生活的那段日子,他经历了很多事情,被欺骗,被欺负,他看透了成人性格里的自私自利,对这个社会单纯美好的幻想早已消失在霍尔顿的脑海中。
霍尔顿在经历这一系列不能理解的事情后精神崩溃,在医院接受治疗,他慢慢变得不像原来那样单纯了,也开始重新审视这个让他觉得陌生而又可怕的社会。
在此篇文章中我将尝试分析霍尔顿的性格特点以及他面对周遭变化的心理状态,从而能够进一步了解物质生活丰富却与此同时精神生活贫乏的美国战后青少年的心理活动。
一、霍尔顿的性格叛逆二战后的美国经济空前繁荣,但事实上这是一场假象,美国人民的精神世界受到了极大的冲击。
霍尔顿精神上十分叛逆,对成人世界极度厌恶,认为他们见利忘义,毫无尊严道德可言。
他看透了社会的虚假,阴暗,丑陋,但又无能为力,所以只能做一些消极的无谓的反抗。
周围的种种让他受到了巨大的精神冲击,他不知道自己未来的人生规划,也不知道所谓的正确方向是什么。
麦田里的守望者
霍尔顿人物形象分析一:霍尔顿形象特征1外在特征:霍尔顿出生在一个中产阶级家庭里,年纪才16却比平常人高出一个头,,整日穿着风衣,戴着猎帽,游游荡荡,不愿读书。
在读者心中留下深刻印象的应该是他那顶红色的猎人帽。
霍尔顿表面看起来是一个讲粗话、抽烟、喝酒、乱谈恋爱甚至找妓女,简直就是个糟糕透顶“坏孩子”1.1戴红色猎人帽的男孩:红色猎人帽是塞林格用来刻画人物的而一个重要手段,霍尔顿对红色猎人帽情有独钟,随身携带,爱不释手,戴上摘下。
猎人帽已成为霍尔顿的一个重要标志。
据统计,红色猎人帽在书中出现里十四次,从这可以看出作者对猎人帽的独具匠心。
从红色猎人帽象征着霍尔顿有着三重身份即:叛逆者、遁世着、守望者。
主人公爱在冬天穿风衣时,倒戴鸭舌帽,这样显示了他的与众不同,帽子不仅作为装饰物还赋予了它新的武器,抵御社会的侵袭,此处暗指了霍尔顿是一个叛逆者的形象。
倒戴鸭舌帽就体现出了霍尔顿是个胆小、懦弱的人,在他的舍友公然约他的女朋友,他也无可奈何,这就体现了霍尔顿消极的逃避现实。
红色意味着警示之意,霍尔顿曾说他想做一个麦田里的守望者,当孩子们在麦田里游戏,有可能跌落山崖的时候,就把他们抓住【略论-麦田里的守望者红色猎人帽的象征意义。
王丽巢湖学院外语系】1.2 沾染社会恶习的坏学生:霍尔顿是一个出身在富裕中产阶级家庭的十六岁少年。
他的父母按照成人世界的价值观将他送到收费昂贵的潘西预科学校读书。
但在霍尔顿看来,潘西“确实是个阴森可怕的”、“糟糕透顶的学校”。
校长是最“假仁假义”的杂种,教职员也都是“假模假式”的伪君子。
他的同学要么是整天只知道追逐女性、疯狂酗酒的浪荡子,要么就是难得涮牙、指甲随处剪的邋遢鬼。
生活在这个环境里,霍尔顿“真是苦闷极了”,“寂寞得要命”。
学习成绩因此也一塌糊涂,除英文外,其余四门功课均不及格,落得个第四次被开除的结局。
【来自网友的分析】2 内在特征:霍尔顿表面看起来是一个“坏孩子”的形象,但是他其实也有纯朴、善良的一面。
浅析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的矛盾性格
浅析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的矛盾性格《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家J·D·塞林格的代表作,其主人公霍尔顿是一位充满矛盾性格的角色。
在小说中,霍尔顿半途辍学,游荡在外,对生活感到迷茫,同时又有着强烈的责任感和道德观念。
本文将从霍尔顿的自私和孤独、责任感和道德观念、性格发展及其内心的矛盾冲突等方面进行分析。
一、霍尔顿的自私和孤独霍尔顿是一个极具自私和孤独感的人。
他常常把自己封闭在自己的世界里,不肯与其他人分享内心的想法和感受。
他对更年长的女性有着一种使她们满意的才艺,但却拒绝他们的亲近,显得异常孤独。
霍尔顿对自己的未来很悲观,不喜欢学校生活,却也不愿意回家。
这种自我放逐的行为让他失去了跟父亲和妹妹的交往,这让他显得更加不快乐和孤独。
二、责任感和道德观念除了自私和孤独之外,霍尔顿还表现出对社会和对他人的责任感和道德观念。
他认为世界太糟糕了,总想去改变它。
小说中,霍尔顿对于那些他认为在人类心灵深处造成危险的事物非常敏感,例如文学中或电影中的暴力和偏见。
他批评电影《死亡谷》中的暴力,觉得它在引导人们去制造暴力。
这种责任感和道德观念体现了霍尔顿的主人公人格。
三、性格发展的矛盾冲突霍尔顿的性格发展有着明显的矛盾冲突。
他表现得既成熟又幼稚,既清晰又混乱,既有责任感又有放纵。
他在情感上也是矛盾的,既渴望人与人之间的联系,又拒绝与他人建立情感联系。
在小说中,霍尔顿对于堕落的世界非常敏感,但他却无法找到改变这个世界的方法。
面对自己的无能和矛盾情况,霍尔顿反而更加失落和困惑。
总之,霍尔顿的矛盾性格深深地影响了他的人生经历。
他既具备责任感和道德观念,又表现出自私和孤独。
他既渴望与人建立关系,又拒绝与他人建立情感联系。
这种内心矛盾让他无法摆脱人生的枷锁,时常陷入困境之中。
从这个角度看,霍尔顿的故事也提醒我们应该认识到自己的矛盾,同时关注和理解其他人的情感需求,寻找合适的方式处理我们的内心矛盾。
《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的性格特点分析
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麦田里的守望者霍尔顿个性及其成因分析
值得一提的是, 霍尔顿最终还是意识到自己失败了, 主义的价值观的最无情的揭露.他看不惯周围的一切,想 无法成为守望者。当他去给他妹妹留便条时, 发现了墙 上的脏话,便将其擦掉,而当他发现有的脏话是用刀刻 的,根本无法擦掉时,他才意识到自己的想法完全破灭 了。分析起来, 是一名刻脏话的小孩和他妹妹对他逃离 现实的挑战使他回到了现实中。 当他告诉妹妹不能逃走 时, 他也意识到自己也不能逃走, 因为世界上并没有一个 完美的地方。小说最后提到“所有的孩子都想抓住那只 金圈儿, 菲必也一样, 我很怕她会丛那匹马上掉下来, 可 我什么也没说, 什么也没做。 孩子们的问题是, 如果他们 想伸手去抓金圈儿,你就得让他们抓去,最好什么也别 说。 他们要是摔下来, 可别说什么话去阻拦他们, 那是不 好的。 这时, ” 霍尔顿意识到成为一名 “守望者” 不现实。 金圈儿其实并非金的, 而是镀铜的铁。作者用 “金圈” 来 比喻和讽刺外表套着光环, 内在却很腐朽的社会。霍尔 顿理解到他无力不让小孩堕入尘埃, 要变质的终究还是 要变。而这种意识也导致了他最终的崩溃。 二、 霍尔顿性格的形成原因 妹妹菲必的纯真和弟弟艾里的完美成为了霍尔顿心 中的标榜, 在他心中, 任何人都无法与他们相提并论。 而 家庭的不温暖, 老师和同学的势力和不理解则使他感到 绝望。 被父母寄予很大希望的霍尔顿接二连三地遭学校 开除, 但他的父母从未细探其原委, 更没有给予正确的教 育与指导。一句话, 他们从来没有真正进入霍尔顿的内 心世界,去理解他的困惑与烦恼,他们只会因 “被开除” 这 个结果 “气得流泪”甚至 , “要他的命” 。对爱的渴望和生 活中缺乏爱的现实使得他生活在极度的痛苦中。 理想与现实的冲突以及霍尔顿对生活的失控使得他 选择逃避。 大部分的时候他都充当着一个非常可怜的角 色, 无法融入社会。学校里的老师大部分是势利的伪君
《麦田里的守望者》主人公霍尔顿的反叛方式及原因
小说《麦田里的守望者》的主人公霍尔顿是一个不折不扣的“反英雄”式代表。
他厌倦、痛恨成人世界的假恶丑,却无力改变这种现状,于是,他只得选择放纵、堕落、自暴自弃,以“虚伪”和“撒谎”的方式去反抗现实社会的虚伪和“假模假式”,在绝望之余,他选择了逃避现实,皈依自然。
霍尔顿“反英雄”式反叛方式所蕴含的内涵对于当今社会具有深刻的启迪意义1951 年问世的《麦田里的守望者》是杰罗姆·戴维·塞林格一生中最富代表性的一部长篇小说,它虽然只有十几万字,却在美国产生了巨大的影响,被许多文学评论家誉为反叛迂腐与虚伪的“现代经典小说”。
作者通过细腻而深刻的语言,以第一人称叙述形式描绘了一个十六岁少年在离开学校和家庭的三天中,独自闯荡成人世界的心路历程,小说塑造的主人公霍尔顿以其圣洁天真的本能和敏感对成人世界的虚伪、欺诈、堕落、无知、冷漠表现出了极大的反感与反叛,是一个孤独的桀骜不驯的具有强烈鲜明反抗性格的当代美国青年形象,它“几乎大大地影响了好几代美国青年”。
①正如美国文艺评论家大卫·盖洛威所说,“霍尔顿是西方现代社会的代表,同时也是现代社会的批评者”,他所表现出的强烈的反抗情绪更是一个不折不扣的“‘反英雄’的代表”。
[ 1 ]一、霍尔顿的反叛方式( 一) 以“自暴自弃”方式反叛现实社会。
按照传统的世俗观点,主人公霍尔顿其言语谈吐、行为举止、服饰着装都近乎一个十足的“疯子”。
他身穿晴雨两用风衣,头戴一顶红色鸭舌帽,还把鸭舌转到脑后。
他满嘴脏话,全是“他妈的”、“混账”、“杂种”等词语。
他挥金如土、大手大脚,如小说所说,“我在约莫两个混账星期里已经花掉了一个国王的收入”,“一点不假,我天生是个败家子。
有了钱不是花掉,就是丢掉。
有多半时间我甚至都会在饭馆里或夜总会里忘记拿找给我的钱”。
更疯狂的是,十六岁的霍尔顿酗酒抽烟,“一天里约莫抽了整整三条烟”,乃至“有点儿喘不过气来,呼吸短得要命”,他还得一个劲地抽。
浅析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的矛盾性格
浅析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的矛盾性格《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家J.D.塞林格的经典之作,小说通过主人公霍尔顿的视角,描述了一个叛逆的青少年在成长过程中所经历的痛苦和挣扎。
霍尔顿是一个充满矛盾性格的人物,他的思想和行为常常令人难以捉摸。
本文将从不同角度分析霍尔顿的矛盾性格,并探讨其背后的原因。
霍尔顿的反叛与对责任的负荷之间的矛盾。
在小说中,霍尔顿对周围的世界产生了强烈的反感和反叛心理,他认为这个世界充满了虚伪和不公。
与此霍尔顿又感到对家庭和社会的责任,他对妹妹菲荷的关心和对虐待者的愤怒正是这种责任感的体现。
这一矛盾性格表现在霍尔顿拒绝融入现实社会的又对自己的家人和被虐待的孩子产生情感上的关注。
这种矛盾性格源自于霍尔顿对生活的深刻认识,他认为这个世界不公,但又无法完全摆脱对家庭和社会的责任。
霍尔顿的孤独与对人际关系的渴望之间的矛盾。
霍尔顿是一个极度孤独的人,他对自己的感受和内心世界极为敏感,但又无法与他人建立起真正的情感联系。
他对友情和爱情的渴望与对社会虚伪和肤浅的厌恶形成了强烈的对比。
在小说中,霍尔顿对友情和爱情的追求常常表现为一种矛盾的心理,他时而渴望接近他人,时而又本能地疏远他人。
这种矛盾性格来源于霍尔顿对外部世界的不信任和对自己内心的渴望,他感到孤独,但又无法打破自己的防线去接近他人。
霍尔顿的自私与对他人的关怀之间的矛盾。
在小说中,霍尔顿表现出一种自私的心理,他常常只顾自己的感受而忽视他人,甚至有时会做出伤害他人的行为。
与此霍尔顿又对他人产生了一种关怀和保护的情感,这种矛盾性格表现在他不断想要逃避社会责任和对个人利益的追求。
霍尔顿的这种矛盾性格来源于对自己和他人的矛盾感受,他虽然对他人有一定的关怀,但又不愿意去承担社会的责任和个人的义务。
霍尔顿的矛盾性格体现了他心理世界的复杂性和对外部世界的不信任。
这种矛盾性格既是霍尔顿对自己内心的挣扎,也是对周围社会的无法容忍。
霍尔顿是一个叛逆的青少年,他对周围社会的不满和对自己内心的迷茫构成了他独特的矛盾性格。
《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿心理透视-精品文档
《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿心理透视《麦田里的守望者》是在上世纪中期出版的小说,其作者在第二次世界大战中被称为最有名的美国小说家之一,而《麦田里的守望者》则被誉为“现代经典”的称号。
在当时的青少年中盛行一时。
小说中的主角霍尔顿被学者们评论为是不适应环境的故事人物。
与环境无法相容的原因简析霍尔顿在小说中是被描述为一个有钱商人的儿子,在一所学费很高的大学读书,可是他却整天闷闷不乐。
他经常觉得自己是孤独的,心情总是处于低落的状态,甚至想自己可以死去。
他无法和他周边的环境相融合,甚至可以说是相互矛盾的,不愿意遵守成人世界各种各样的规定和要求。
他的这种心理状态主要是由下面几个方面造成的。
1.自身特有的个性霍尔顿在平时表现得自暴自弃:他的考试经常是不合格的、说话粗俗没礼貌、吸烟喝酒而且喜欢和他人讨论关于性的事情。
可是在他落拓不羁的表面下却藏着一个敏锐、特有的心。
霍尔顿个性上的特点主要表现在他可以又快又准地看出别人的心思和内心活动,有时候会因为别人处于困境难处或者是和自己完全没有关系的失误而心情低落。
就拿他和他历史老师的那段故事来说,他在没考试之前就觉得自己的历史会不及格,他为了让老师不要因为他的考试不及格而感到尴尬,就在考卷上面写上了一封信来缓解老师的心理压力。
可是历史老师却在霍尔顿去拜访他的时候,把霍尔顿对的考卷和附夹的那封信读给霍尔顿听,这样,霍尔顿的幼小心灵和成人世界的漠视就出现了冲突,成人的不理解和漠视与孩子内心的体贴和敏感之间的矛盾对霍尔顿的心理造成了很大的影响。
2.透彻的观察力霍尔顿虽然具有令人反感的各种特质,可是由于他透彻的观察力使他并没有让别人觉得讨厌。
霍尔顿敏锐的个性中透露出他锋利的眼光,他可以用自己的眼光看穿那些掩藏在表象下面的真相,同时能够找出问题的关键之处。
从这个方面来看,霍尔顿是有一定智慧的。
这样的霍尔顿能够对外部世界有自己不同的认识,导致霍尔顿在要求事物完美的基础上与世界变得格格不入,让他无法适应到周围的环境当中。
浅析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的矛盾性格
浅析《麦田里的守望者》霍尔顿的矛盾性格《麦田里的守望者》是美国作家 J.D. 塞林格的代表作之一,作品以青少年霍尔顿·考尔菲尔德为主角,围绕着他内心的矛盾性格展开。
霍尔顿是一个复杂的人物,他充满了矛盾和冲突,深受读者的喜爱和关注。
本文将对霍尔顿的矛盾性格进行浅析,试图揭示他内心的复杂情感和思想。
霍尔顿展现出一种孤独的一面。
在整个小说中,霍尔顿几乎都是一个孤独的人。
他对自己的家庭和学校都感到不满,对于这个世界充满了深深的悲观情绪。
他常常感到孤独无助,甚至产生了一种自我保护意识,试图远离这个虚伪的世界。
同时霍尔顿也渴望能够找到一个可以倾诉的对象,渴望能够有人听他倾诉。
他曾在小说中表达出对他心仪的老师密斯·弗莱表达了非常深切的向往,希望她能够成为心灵上的依靠。
这种内心的矛盾表明了霍尔顿复杂的性格,既蔑视社会的虚伪和假面具,又渴望获得真诚的关爱和依靠。
霍尔顿展现出一种善良的一面。
虽然霍尔顿对社会的虚伪感到深深的厌恶,但是他内心依然怀有一颗善良的心。
他对弱者的保护欲望和对真诚的向往都表现了他内心的善良与真诚。
在小说中,霍尔顿对自己的妹妹菲尼的关心和保护非常明显,他对菲尼有一种特殊的感情,对菲尼的失去也使得他陷入了深深的悲伤之中。
他对那些受到伤害的弱者都表现出关心与保护的一面,他渴望能够捍卫弱者的尊严和权益。
这种善良与保护欲望与他对社会的冷漠和叛逆相互对比,表现了他内心的复杂性和矛盾性格。
霍尔顿展现出一种对成长的矛盾的一面。
《麦田里的守望者》以霍尔顿的成长为主线,多次呈现他内心的矛盾和挣扎。
在整个小说中,霍尔顿常常表现出对成长的反感和彷徨。
他对成长的防范态度深深地折射了他对社会的反感和对虚伪的厌恶。
同时霍尔顿也渴望能够摆脱自己的叛逆和孤独,渴望能够找到一个真正属于自己的位置。
在小说的结尾,霍尔顿重新走回家中,似乎表明了他对成长和对现实的重新接受和理解。
这种对成长的矛盾与和解展现了霍尔顿内心的复杂性和矛盾性格。
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由于他懦弱和逃避现实的性格, 他并没有选择面对和解 决这一切, 只是把所有的怨气都积压在心头。他甚至经 常在不开心时戴上颇具象征意义的红色猎人帽。 它的外 观独特, 强调了霍尔顿强烈的个性和他不愿接触社会的 性格。 通过幻想逃避现实的个性在霍尔顿玩抚他的红色 猎人帽时得以继续。 当阿克莱打断了他的阅读而质问他 有关丢失的击剑器材时,他非常恼怒,并用帽子盖住了 脸。 他假装双目失明, 大声呼唤着母亲, 请她伸出援之
但不体贴他紧张的情绪, 反而还都冲着他喊 “离题了!” 当他和修女一起吃早餐时, 。 他说自己感到沮丧因为讨厌 霍尔顿对亲情的话题很感兴趣:只要是有人跟你谈起他 “ 舅舅, 这就很有意思。很明显, ” 资本主义的教育信条让霍 尔顿感到十分失望, 他无法接受。 (二) 霍尔顿的正直, 善良和对美好精神生活的向往 通常,10 多岁的青少年都被认为是处于困惑的, 自我 矛盾的状态。 在 《麦田里的守望者》 这本书中, 霍尔顿的 人物性格是了美国当时青少年性格的典型代表, 只是他 是个极端的例子。与其他青少年一样, 霍尔顿讨厌这个 浮华的社会——只有金钱,名利,地位似乎才是最重要 的, 然而这一切对于他来说都太虚假。他能看穿虚假表 象下隐藏的丑陋。 他认为同学都是伪君子因为他们读书 只是为将来可以买辆混帐凯迪拉克提供必要条件。 而霍 尔顿则更加热爱生命, “宁可买一匹混帐的马” 他 。因为 “马至少是动物。在他心中, ” 读书的目的应该是追求更加 高尚的目标, 而不是沉溺于物质的享受。 当菲必问霍尔顿最喜欢的东西时, 他首先想到的是 修女和他的同学詹姆士。 修女们并未成为实利主义这一 错误哲学的受害者, 她们代表着一种自我牺牲的尺度, 而 这种自我牺牲远远超过了被霍尔顿认为是基于自我放纵 的 “社会慈善事业” 的范畴。在他看来, 一种慈善行为只 有在施善者放弃了自己所珍视的某种东西且得不到任何 回报时才配被称之为善举。例如, 奥森贝格捐款给潘西 中学的举动便不是慈善行为。 他的名字因为留在了公寓 自己吃者咸肉和鸡蛋而别人却只吃烤面包片和咖啡。 在 他自身非常拮据的情况下, 捐了十块钱给, 她们走后霍尔 顿觉得很忐忑不安,后悔只捐了十块钱给她们。他说, “他妈的金钱, 到头来它总让你难过得要命。在霍尔顿看 ” 来, 钱是对真爱的阻碍。 (三) 霍尔顿对自然, 纯真和永恒的热爱和执著 霍尔顿喜欢博物馆, 喜欢那里的气味, 遥远, 古朴和 永恒。博物馆是个神殿, 是他过去的常去之地也是他的 精神寄托之一, 美好的回忆让他感到无比温暖。塞林格 在描写博物馆里各种陈列品从无变化这一令人宽慰的事 实而霍尔顿对菲必和自己每次去都有所不同感到不愉快 时, 进一步阐述了对霍尔顿对稳固不变的向往。 变化, 或 者说是易变性, 是一种客观事实。 生活在继续, 霍尔顿却 无法接受自己和菲必都已经长大这一现实:有的事物应 “ 该保持老样子。你应该把它们搁进大玻璃柜里, 别去动 它们, 我知道这是不可能办到的, 不过这照样是件很糟糕 的事。 ” 他还喜欢雪景, 喜欢打雪仗。不难看出他喜欢一切 自然, 稳固不变的东西。 当妹妹骑木马时, 霍尔顿很喜欢 那里的音乐: “木马转台就是这一点好, 它们奏来奏去总 是那几个老曲子。 ”木马转台是孩子们骑的, 它象征着童 年的纯真。霍尔盾让妹妹骑木马, 表明他希望妹妹能够 将童年的纯真不断延续下去, 不要受自己的麻烦事的影
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《麦田里的守望者》 霍尔顿个性及其成因分析
◎黄影秋
(吉林大学珠海学院 广东・珠海 519041)
摘 要 《麦田里的守望者》以第一人称的方式讲述了主人公霍尔顿被学校开除后的经历和感受。通过运用各种象征物 如红色猎人帽, 博物馆陈列物, 木马转台等, 成功的反应了霍尔顿懦弱, 消极被动, 逃避现实,纯真善良和追求永恒的个性特 征。而二战后的时代背景, 学校资本主义化的教条, 周围的人对他的不理解, 以及所有的这一切与弟弟妹妹的完美形成的 反差则是他个性的形成原因。 关键词 霍尔顿 懦弱 消极 正直 善良
2007 年第
1期
安徽文学
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学校里 “一天到晚干的, 就是谈女人, 酒和性。另外, ” 他的 口头表达课不及格, 是因为他违反了 “口头表达” 不能离 题的规则。而他一点也不为之懊恼, 因为他喜欢离题。 为一种自我满足之举。相比之下, 霍尔顿对修女崇高的 思想境界表现出深深的敬仰。另外, 霍尔顿对同学詹姆 士表示出真心同情。瘦弱的詹姆士不肯收回实话, 被同
“离题了倒更有趣。他认为谈话是一个不断发现的过程, 学欺负而被逼得跳楼, ” 迫害他的同学并没有进监牢, 只是 通过发现, 谈话自然而然的会谈到爱和有人情味的话题 上来: “不过我的意思是说, 很多时候你简直不知道自己 对什么最感兴趣, 除非你先谈起一些并不太感兴趣的事 情。 在他看来, ” 学校制定的种种规则都不利于学生的心 理健康发展, 是对个性的一种压抑。而老师和同学也似 乎漠视在他看来能触人心弦的感人事物。他的同学理 查. 金拉斯的例子证明了这一点。 理查很容易紧张, 有一 次他做一个关于农庄的口头表达, 中间他突然从农庄转 到他舅舅怎样不愿意看到他身上绑着支架。 班上同学不 被开除出学校。 而他摔死后, 人们甚至都不敢走进他, 这 也反映了人们对正义的麻木, 资本主义社会中人间的冷 漠, 霍尔盾对这一切感到无奈。这一切都反映出霍尔顿 的正直, 他对事物有自己的看法和主见而不随波逐流, 不 同于大多数的势力者。霍尔顿想改变这一切却没有能 力, 这也是他痛苦, 逃避, 不合群的主要原因之一。 霍尔顿虽然是富家子弟, 却一点也不势力, 非常同情 和乐意帮助弱者, 把对人的关心永远放在第一位。 例如, 他移动自己的高档手提箱好让同学不产生自卑感; 另外,
楼上而将永远流传, 或者不如说在他看来是这样。 因此, 响。当然, 他最喜欢的是孩子和童真的世界。死去的弟 他不过是在做一笔不折不扣的买卖而已。 那慈善举动的 背后的利己主义摧毁了这一行为本身的价值, 使之降低
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弟艾里, 活着的小精灵菲必和幻想中那麦田里的孩子, 构 成了他爱的风景线。当他遇到不开心的事情时, 他经常
2007 年第
1期
安徽文学
文 学 评 论
会想到艾里或是叫着他的名字, 因为这能使他得到安慰。 子, 连他起初所唯一敬佩的一位老师后来发现也可能是 他还关爱一切自然, 弱小的生命, 多次思索和询问中央公 园浅水湖鸭子冬天的去向, 隐含着他对无辜的, 成长中的 生命的担忧, 这也与结尾处他想成为一名麦田里的守望 者形成对应。麦田里的孩子们象征着纯真和自由, 当他 们长大染上社会一些不正之风时, 霍尔顿想拯救他们。 这体现了霍尔顿强烈的道德感。事实上, 他周围的人都 已长大成熟, 而霍尔顿却不愿接受现实, 并想竭力的阻止 这种过程甚至想逆转它, 其实是在跟自然规律作斗争, 加 上他的懦弱, 这注定了他的努力要以失败告终。 个搞同性恋的,而这位老师对他说: 一个不成熟男子的 “ 标志是他愿意为某种事业英勇的死去,一个成熟男子的 标志是他原为某种事业卑贱的活着.”老师的谆谆教导 却是一条渗透着浓厚利己主义和功利主色彩的资本主 义信条, 这令霍尔顿感到非常困惑。 生活在这样的环境 里霍尔顿不能找到可贵的精神寄托或崇高理想。他之 所以孤独, 消极, 就是因为他不愿意象大部分人那样卑 贱的活着, 不愿意与他们同流合污。自然, 他也无法好 好读书, 他的不用功表面是颓废, 沉沦, 实质上是对资本
值得一提的是, 霍尔顿最终还是意识到自己失败了, 主义的价值观的最无情的揭露.他看不惯周围的一切,想 无法成为守望者。当他去给他妹妹留便条时, 发现了墙 上的脏话,便将其擦掉,而当他发现有的脏话是用刀刻 的,根本无法擦掉时,他才意识到自己的想法完全破灭 了。分析起来, 是一名刻脏话的小孩和他妹妹对他逃离 现实的挑战使他回到了现实中。 当他告诉妹妹不能逃走 时, 他也意识到自己也不能逃走, 因为世界上并没有一个 完美的地方。小说最后提到“所有的孩子都想抓住那只 金圈儿, 菲必也一样, 我很怕她会丛那匹马上掉下来, 可 我什么也没说, 什么也没做。 孩子们的问题是, 如果他们 想伸手去抓金圈儿,你就得让他们抓去,最好什么也别 说。 他们要是摔下来, 可别说什么话去阻拦他们, 那是不 好的。 这时, ” 霍尔顿意识到成为一名 “守望者” 不现实。 金圈儿其实并非金的, 而是镀铜的铁。作者用 “金圈” 来 比喻和讽刺外表套着光环, 内在却很腐朽的社会。霍尔 顿理解到他无力不让小孩堕入尘埃, 要变质的终究还是 要变。而这种意识也导致了他最终的崩溃。 二、 霍尔顿性格的形成原因 妹妹菲必的纯真和弟弟艾里的完美成为了霍尔顿心 中的标榜, 在他心中, 任何人都无法与他们相提并论。 而 家庭的不温暖, 老师和同学的势力和不理解则使他感到 绝望。 被父母寄予很大希望的霍尔顿接二连三地遭学校 开除, 但他的父母从未细探其原委, 更没有给予正确的教 育与指导。一句话, 他们从来没有真正进入霍尔顿的内 心世界,去理解他的困惑与烦恼,他们只会因 “被开除” 这 个结果 “气得流泪”甚至 , “要他的命” 。对爱的渴望和生 活中缺乏爱的现实使得他生活在极度的痛苦中。 理想与现实的冲突以及霍尔顿对生活的失控使得他 选择逃避。 大部分的时候他都充当着一个非常可怜的角 色, 无法融入社会。学校里的老师大部分是势利的伪君
愤怒,同时向往做一个麦田里的守望者挽救孩子的纯真。 手。 可以看到, 霍尔顿已被套住, 并陷入他自己假想的游 他的性格和行动使得自己带入孤独与绝望, 无路可走。 在小说结尾, 霍尔顿经历矛盾、 抗争, 最终回到社会。尽 管他付出了惨重的代价—精神崩溃, 但他最终认清了人 生成长的历程, 适应了社会。本文将通过各种对小说中 各种象征物及情节的分析来阐述霍尔顿的三大个性特征 及其形成原因。 一、 霍尔顿的个性特征 (一) 霍尔顿的懦弱, 消极被动和不愿面对现实 霍尔顿的懦弱体现在他的社会交往的失败。 他不被 同学, 老师, 甚至家人理解, 甚至有时还倍受欺凌。不管 是老毛里斯向他勒索, 还是斯特阿拉德对他拳脚相加, 他 都没有过多的反抗, 每次都以受伤告终。他感觉到自己 很弱小, 无法击败一些邪恶分子, 所以多次想象着自己会 中子弹死掉, 以死来逃避这一切。然而这一切都只是想 象而已, 他没有勇气选择这条路以显示自己的现实的反 抗。 另外, 小说中几处提到霍尔顿想打电话给琴, 却迟迟 没有行动。他无法与琴谈话,因为在他心中,琴是个纯 真, 完美的女子, 是他很在乎的人。 而他很气愤琴有可能 已经被斯德阿拉特带坏了, 他不愿听到, 看到这一点, 而 戏当中。 读书的时候, 他把帽子的鸭舌转到脑后, 算是强 调了他的个性。因此, 那顶帽子也就变成了他在阅读时 所走进的幻想世界的一部分, 同时暗示着他个人对友谊 的 “追猎” 和寻找。这种友谊可以指与书的友谊, 也可以 指与真正的人的友谊。 那顶猎人帽代表了他对生活中的 许多令人不快的方面的消极抵抗和逃避。更进一步说, 它同时象征了他对生活的求索和生活对他的纠缠。 霍尔 顿是在同学们排斥他的时候把帽子买下的; 并且, 每当他 想避开不愉快的事情时都会把他戴上。 霍尔顿并不在乎 戴上帽子后别人怎么看待他, 他认为别人都是些伪君子。 小说高潮, 当霍尔顿屡屡受挫, 觉得自己无力反抗时, 他 甚至想到要放弃一切理想, 逃到西部, 过着隐居的生活。 无论霍尔顿遇到什么违背他意愿的事情, 他总是以 逃避或不屑一顾的方式来对待, 从来没有想过要积极的 处理任何问题。霍尔顿因 4 门功课不及格而被学校开 除, 其实, 他早已厌倦了潘西中学那种虚假, 僵化的教育 模式,是他自愿的逃离。他多次讲到 “我周围全都是伪君 子” 没有见过任何优秀的, , “ 有脑子的人” 他不屑于 。 “出 人头地, 以便将来可以买辆混帐凯迪拉克” 更看不惯在 ,