2014年10月18日托福阅读真题及答案解析

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2014.托福写作真题

2014.托福写作真题Grandparents have no use for their grandchildren because the world changed a lot during the past 50 years.2014.1.1.17 北美Do you think classmates or colleagues should work on project in person or by e-mails. Why?2014.1.18In times of economic crisis, local governments often reduce the money they spend in some areas. In your opinion, if a local government is facing economic problems, which of the following areas should it spend less money on? Libraries, public transportation, police.2014. 2.22People who develop many different skills are more successful than people who focus on one skill only.2014.3.1It is often not a good idea to move to a new city or a new country because you will lose old friends.2014.3.2Society has created too many rules for young people.2014.3.15Which do you think is the best way for a student to make friends: joining a sports team, participating in community activities or traveling?2014.3.16It is easier for people to get educated nowadays than in the past.2014.3.22 两套题Younger school children (aged from 5 to 10) should berequired to study art and music in addition to math, language, science and history.Young people are less dependent on their parents than in the past.2014.3.23Students should take at least one year to work or travel before they go to universities? 2014.4.5 北美People in the past are more interested in improving their neighborhood (the area where they live ) than now.2014.4.12 两套题It is more important to have more facilities rather than hire more teachers.The opinions of celebrities, such as entertainers and athletes, are more important to the younger people than they are to the older people.2014.4.19For many businesses to be successful, it must spend a lot of money on advertising. 2014.4.27Your job has more effects on your happiness than your social life does.2014.5.11Spending a lot of time watching sports on TV and following their favorite team will have negative impact o n one’s life.It is better to relax by a movie or reading a book than doing physical exercise. 2014.5.24It is important for government to provide money for things that are beautiful not just for things that are practical.2014.5.25Parents must have strict rules to help their children to be successful.2014.5.31 北美Children are benefited in important ways by taking care of pets.2014.6.14 北美Should government cover the internet fee or should individual pay the internet fee? 2014.6.15Some people prefer to buy new technological devices immediately when they become available. Others prefer to wait until many people have adopted them. Which way do you prefer?2014.6.29To remain happy and optimistic when you fail is more important than achieving access.2014.7.6People should take time to relax with hobbies or physical activities that are different from what they do at work.2014.7.12People should take several different kinds of job before they take a career in a long term.2014.8.16The most important investment for a big company is to improve the efficiency and proficiency of its employees.2014.8.23Young people today are more likely to invest their time and effort on improving the world than young people in the past.2014.8.30The ability to maintain a small number of friends for a long time is more important to happiness than the ability to make new friends easily.2014.9.14Younger school children should be required to study art andmusic in addition to study math, language, science, and history 2014.9.21It is often not a good idea to move to a new city or a new country because of the loss of old friends.2014. 9.27 两套题Visiting museum is the best way to learn about the country.Universities should require all students to learn about foreign cultures as well as their own culture.2014. 10.11Modern agriculture damage the environment, but providing food for the growing population around the world is more important than protecting the environment. (2013.3.22 NA) 2014.10.18It is important to know the events happened around the world even if it is not likely to have an effect on your daily life. (2012.4.28 ML)2014.10.26Because the world is too complex, it is essential for young people to have the ability to plan and organize.2014.11.2People often buy products not because they really need them but because other people have them. (2013.5.11) 2014.11.8 两套题It is important that families regularly eat meals together.Getting advice from friends who are older than you is more valuable than getting advice from friends of your own age. (2009.11.1 CN)2014.11.9Which one influences you most when you make a major purchase? 1. Recommendations from your friends or colleagues.2. Information from media (TV, newspaper, magazine).3. Salesman in the market.4. Decide all by your self without other information.2014.11.15Rather than help their children with schoolwork, parents should encourage children to work independently.2014.11.23Your job has more effect on your happiness than social life does.2014.11.29Some people like to record their experiences by uploading pictures and other information on social-networking websites. Others do not like to create such records. Which way do you prefer? (2013.8.10 NA)2014.12.6The best way for a teacher to help students interested in a subject is to explain that subject will help them outside school.2014.12.13Students nowadays are more interested in politics than in the past.2014.12.14The way a person is dressed in is a good indication of his/her personality.2014.12.21When vote for the leader of student organization or club, honesty is the most important consider. (2013.10.25 NA) 2014.12.27Young people today are more likely to help others than young people in the past. (2013.1.26 CN)2014.12.28It is important for government to provide money for things that are beautiful not just for things that are practical. (2014.5.24 CN)。

托福真题2014-10-18Reading写作起源+Soil Fertilization+玛雅的衰落(词句默写版)

The Origins of WritingWords & Phrases1.The Egyptians were not far behind in developing writing, but we cannot followthe history of their writing in detail because they used a perishable writing material写出以下单词的意思：Perishable：2.and from the papyrus reeds the Egyptians made a form of paper, it wasexcellent in quality but, like any paper, fragile写出以下单词的意思：a form of paper：in the form of：fragile：3.Mesopotamia’s rivers boasted no such useful reeds, but its land did providegood clay, and as a consequence the clay tablet became the standard material.写出以下单词的意思：Boast：As a consequence:4.So when a conqueror set a Mesopotamian palace ablaze, he helped ensurethe survival of any clay tablets in it写出以下单词的意思：Conqueror：Conquer：v.Conquest：n.clay tablets：5.inevitably, literacy was largely limited to a small professional class, the scribes写出以下单词的意思:inevitably：literacy：scribe：n.6.primitive form of bookkeeping：7.to be available for reference：8.Now and then：Syntax1.The batches, some of which contain thousands of tablets, consist for the mostpart of documents of the types just mentioned: bills, deliveries, receipts, inventories, loans, marriage contracts, divorce settlements, court judgments, and so on.Which指代对象的确定；固定搭配的短语出现开端consist就要期待后文ofSoil Fertilization（较简单）Words & Phrases1.Fertilizers partially restore plant nutrients lost by erosion, crop harvesting, andleaching.写出以下单词的意思Fertilizers：n.Fertile：adj.Restore：v.Erosion：n.Erode：v.Leaching：n.2.stimulates beneficial soil bacteria and fungi写出以下单词的意思stimulate：v.beneficial：adj.bacteria and fungi:3.Green manure is fresh or growing green vegetation plowed into the soil toincrease the organic matter and humus (degraded organic matter) available to the next crop写出以下单词的意思Plow：v.Available to:4.It is produced when microorganisms in soil (mostly fungi and aerobic bacteria)break down organic matter such as leaves, food wastes, paper, and wood in the presence of oxygen.写出以下单词的意思Microorganism：n.Organism: n.organ：n.organic：adj.tissue：n.aerobic bacteria：break down organic matter：post is a rich natural fertilizer and soil conditioner that aerates soil,improves its ability to retain water and nutrients, helps prevent erosion, and prevents nutrients from being wasted by being dumped in landfills.写出以下单词的意思aerates soil：retain water and nutrients：6.decompose plant and manure layers:写出以下单词的意思decompose：v.compose：v.7.Corn, tobacco, and cotton can deplete the topsoil of nutrients, especiallynitrogen, if planted on the same land several years in a row.写出以下单词的意思Deplete…of…:8.crop rotation：9.The resulting plant nutrient enrichment causes algae blooms that use upoxygen dissolved in the water, thereby killing fish.写出以下单词的意思Algae：n.Bloom: v.Dissolve：v.The Collapse of the MayasWords & Phrases1.populations unprecedented both in their size and density写出以下单词的意思unprecedented：adj.2.societies developed various intensive agricultural methods, includinglarge-scale irrigation and hill-slope terracing (the cutting of horizontal ridges into hillsides so they can be farmed)写出以下单词的意思intensive agricultural methods：hill-slope terracing：3.increase yields from a given area：写出以下单词的意思：yield：4.Thus, the argument is that because of their size and ever more intensiveagriculture, the Mayan and other ancient state societies were fundamentally unsustainable.写出以下单词的意思fundamentally unsustainable：5.came upon the Mayan cities：6.they were struck by the sight of tall pyramids and elaborately carved stonesamong luxuriant forest growth写出以下单词的意思were struck by：elaborately carved stones：luxuriant：7.the archetypal picture of a great lost civilization写出以下单词的意思archetypal: adj.8.Interstate rivalry：9.These exerted a powerful mediating effect on the way the Maya endeavoredto cope with their difficulties.写出以下单词的意思exerted a powerful mediating effect on：exert：v.mediate: v.endeavor: v.10.subsistence capacity：Syntax1.It was not just the number of people that lived in the Mayan city-states butalso the relatively small area into which they were concentrated.介词+which，which指代介词前面的名词，对该名词做修饰2.The raised-field system of intensive cultivation (created by diggingsurrounding elevate the fields forsoil nutrients that erode into the drainage ditches dug around the raised fields, nutrients that are then collected and replaced.3.Had population levels been lower, the impact of the drought may not havebeen catastrophic, as it was.If条件句虚拟语气，省略if，提前助动词had。

2014年10月18日托福阅读真题及答案解析

2014年10月18日托福阅读真题及答案解析
2014年10月18日托福阅读真题及答案解析
第一篇：
版本一：Writing的发展。

开始讲专家们主要分析的都是苏美尔人的文字，虽然说埃及人有文字，但是是写在纸上的，不易保存。

但是苏美尔人用clay。

虽然不方便带但是能够保存时间长(有题)，而且在大火的适合不会坏，不像纸和皮(有题)。

之后说他们的楔形文字很棒，很简单的符号但是组合起来有很多文字。

有题考到楔形文字的特点，包括只有很少的人会用(因为太难了)。

后来别的文化页借鉴传承了楔形文字，给文字赋予了自己文化的含义，还有读音…后面的记不清了，记得考了一个词汇virtue
最权威的国际教育服务平台
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最权威的国际教育服务平台
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最权威的国际教育服务平台
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最权威的国际教育服务平台
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最权威的国际教育服务平台
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资料来源：教育优选/。

托福阅读TPO14（试题+答案+译文）第1篇：儿童与广告

托福阅读TPO14(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:儿童与广告推荐文章老托福阅读真题及答案：PASSAGE30 热度：老托福阅读100篇passage33试题及答案热度：老托福阅读真题及答案：PASSAGE2 热度：老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE27 热度：老托福阅读试题及答案：PASSAGE30 热度：为了帮助大家备考托福阅读，提高成绩，下面小编给大家带来托福阅读TPO14(试题+答案+译文)第1篇:儿童与广告，希望大家喜欢!托福阅读原文【1】Young children are trustingof commercial advertisements in the media, and advertisers have sometimes beenaccused of taking advantage of this trusting outlook. The IndependentTelevision Commission, regulator of television advertising in the United Kingdom,has criticized advertisers for "misleadingness"—creating a wrongimpression either intentionally or unintentionally—in an effort to controladvertisers' use of techniques that make it difficult for children to judge thetrue size, action, performance, or construction of a toy.【2】General concern aboutmisleading tactics that advertisers employ is centered on the use ofexaggeration. Consumer protection groups and parents believe that children arelargely ill-equipped to recognize such techniques and that often exaggerationis used at the expense of product information. Claims such as "thebest" or "better than" can be subjective and misleading; evenadults may be unsure as to their meaning. They represent the advertiser'sopinions about the qualities of their products or brand and, as a consequence,are difficult to verify. Advertisers sometimes offset or counterbalance anexaggeratedclaim with a disclaimer—a qualification or condition on the claim.For example, the claim that breakfast cereal has a health benefit may beaccompanied by the disclaimer "when part of a nutritionally balancedbreakfast." However, research has shown that children often havedifficulty understanding disclaimers: children may interpret the phrase"when part of a nutritionally balanced breakfast" to mean that thecereal is required as a necessary part of a balanced breakfast. The authorGeorge Comstock suggested that less than a quarter of children between the agesof six and eight years old understood standard disclaimers used in many toyadvertisements and that disclaimers are more readily comprehended whenpresented in both audio and visual formats. Nevertheless, disclaimers aremainly presented in audio format only.【3】Fantasy is one of the morecommon techniques in advertising that could possibly mislead a young audience.Child-oriented advertisements are more likely to include magic and fantasy thanadvertisements aimed at adults. In a content analysis of Canadian television,the author Stephen Kline observed that nearly all commercials for charactertoys featured fantasy play. Children have strong imaginations and the use offantasy brings their ideas to life, but children may not be adept enough torealize that what they are viewing is unreal. Fantasy situations and settingsare frequently used to attract children's attention, particularly in foodadvertising. Advertisements for breakfast cereals have, for many years, beenfound to be especially fond of fantasy techniques, with almost nine out of ten includingsuch content. Generally, there is uncertainty as to whether very young childrencan distinguish between fantasy and reality in advertising. Certainly, rationalappeals in advertising aimed at children arelimited, as most advertisementsuse emotional and indirect appeals to psychological states or associations.【4】The use of celebrities suchas singers and movie stars is common in advertising. The intention is for thepositively perceived attributes of the celebrity to be transferred to the advertisedproduct and for the two to become automatically linked in the audience's mind.In children's advertising, the "celebrities" are often animatedfigures from popular cartoons. In the recent past, the role of celebrities inadvertising to children has often been conflated with the concept of hostselling. Host selling involves blending advertisements with regular programmingin a way that makes it difficult todistinguish one from the other. Host selling occurs, for example, when achildren's show about a cartoon lion contains an ad in which the same lionpromotes a breakfast cereal. The psychologist Dale Kunkel showed that thepractice of host selling reduced children's ability to distinguish betweenadvertising and program material. It was also found that older childrenresponded more positively to products in host selling advertisements.【5】Regarding the appearance ofcelebrities in advertisements that do not involve host selling, the evidence ismixed. Researcher Charles Atkin found that children believe that the charactersused to advertise breakfast cereals are knowledgeable about cereals, andchildren accept such characters as credible sources of nutritional information.This finding was even more marked for heavy viewers of television. In addition,children feel validated in their choice of a product when a celebrity endorsesthat product. A study of children in Hong Kong, however, found that thepresence of celebrities in advertisements could negatively affect thechildren's perceptionsof a product if the children did not like the celebrityin question.托福阅读试题1.Which of the following is NOT mentioned in paragraph 1 as being a difficult judgment for children to make about advertised toys?A.How big the toys are?B.How much the toys cost?C.What the toys can do?D.How the toys are made?2.The word “verify” in the passage is closest in meaning toA.establish the truth of.B.approve of.C.understand.D.criticize.3.In paragraph 2, what is one reason that claims such as “the best” or “better than” can be misleading?A.They represent the opinions of adults, which are often different from those of children.B.They generally involve comparisons among only a small group of products.C.They reflect the attitudes of consumer protection groups rather than those of actual consumers.D.They reflect the advertiser's viewpoint about the product.4.Cereal advertisements that include the statement “when part of a nutritionally balanced breakfast” are trying to suggest thatA.the cereal is a desirable part of a healthful, balanced breakfast.B.the cereal contains equal amounts of all nutrients.C.cereal is a healthier breakfast than other foods are.D.the cereal is the most nutritious part of the breakfast meal.5.According to paragraph 2, all of the following are true of disclaimers made in advertisements EXCEPTA.They are qualifications or conditions put on a claim.B.They may be used to balance exaggerations.C.They are usually presented in both audio and visual formats.D.They are often difficult for children to understand.6.The word “adept”(Paragraph 3)in the passage is closest in meaning toA.responsible.B.skillful.C.patient.D.curious.7.Paragraph 3 indicates that there is uncertainty about which of the following issues involving children and fantasy in advertising?A.Whether children can tell if what they are seeing in an advertisement is real or fantasy.B.Whether children can differentiate fantasy techniques from other techniques used in advertising.C.Whether children realize how commonly fantasy techniques are used in advertising aimed at them.D.Whether children are attracted to advertisements that lack fantasy .8.Which of the sentences below best expresses the essential information in the highlighted sentence(Paragraph 3)in the passage? Incorrect choices change the meaning in important ways or leave out essential information.A.Rational appeals in advertising are certainly limited bychildren's emotional immaturity and the indirect nature of their associations.B.Indirect appeals to children's psychological states or associations can limit the effectiveness of rational appeals in advertising.C.Rational appeals play a much smaller role in advertisements for children than emotional appeals and psychological associations do.D.Rational appeals in advertising aimed at children should certainly be limited until the children are emotionally and psychologically ready.9.The word "attributes" (Paragraph 4)in the passage is closest in meaning toA.evaluations.B.attitudes.C.actions.D.characteristics.10.In paragraph 4, why does the author mention a show about a cartoon lion in which an advertisement appears featuring the same lion character?A.To help explain what is meant by the term "host selling” and why it can be misleading to children.B.To explain why the role of celebrities in advertising aimed at children has often been confused with host selling.C.To compare the effectiveness of using animated figures with the effectiveness of using celebrities in advertisements aimed at children.D.To indicate how Kunkel first became interested in studying the effects of host selling on children.11.The word "credible"(Paragraph 5)in the passage is closestin meaning toA.helpful.B. believable.C.valuable.D.familiar.12.According to paragraph 5, what did a study of children in Hong Kong show about the use of celebrities in advertisements aimed at children?A. It is most effective with children who watch a lot of television.B. It has little effect if the celebrities are not familiar to most children.C. It is more effective in marketing cereals and food products than in marketing other kinds of products.D. It can have a negative effect if the celebrities are not popular with children.13. Look at the four squares [■] that indicate where the following sentence could be added to the passage. Where would the sentence best fit? Another aspect of advertising that may especially influence children is fantasy.■【A】Fantasy is one of the more common techniques in advertising that could possibly mislead a young audience. ■【B】Child-oriented advertisements are more likely to include magic and fantasy than advertisements aimed at adults. ■【C】In a content analysis of Canadian television, the author Stephen Kline observed that nearly all commercials for character toys featured fantasy play. ■【D】Children have strong imaginations and the use of fantasy brings their ideas to life, but children may not be adept enough to realize that what they are viewing is unreal. Fantasy situations and settings are frequently used to attractchildren's attention, particularly in food advertising. Advertisements for breakfast cereals have, for many years, been found to be especially fond of fantasy techniques, with almost nine out of ten including such content. Generally, there is uncertainty as to whether very young children can distinguish between fantasy and reality in advertising. Certainly, rational appeals in advertising aimed at children are limited, as most advertisements use emotional and indirect appeals to psychological states or associations.14. Directions: An introductory sentence for a brief summary of the passage is provided below. Complete the summary by selecting the THREE answer that express the most important ideas in the passage. Some sentences do not belong in the summary because they express ideas that not presented in the passage or are minor ideas in the passage. This question is worth 2 points.Advertisers sometimes use strategies that can mislead children.A.Advertisements can be misleading to children when the advertisements use audio and visual formats that are especially appealing to children.B.Children may not be able to interpret exaggerated claims made by advertisers or understand the disclaimers used to offset claims.C.Although the use of celebrities is not necessarily effective in advertisements aimed at children, there is evidence that host selling can positively affect their views of a product.D.Studies show that misleading tactics are used most often in commercials for breakfast cereals, with toy commercials using such tactics only slightly less frequently.E.The use of fantasy is especially common in advertisements for children, but children may not be able to distinguish fantasy from reality.F.Very young children are particularly influenced by host selling, while slightly older children are more readily misled by seemingly rational claims such as “the best.”托福阅读答案1.EXCEPT题，排除法，所有答案都集中在最后一句，A的big对应size，正确，不选;B的cost没有对应，错，选;C的do对应performance，正确，不选;D的made对应construction，正确，不选。

托福阅读TPO14答案解析

托福阅读答案1.prestige威望，声望，所以B的status正确。

原句说在很多地方马已经成为了什么的象征，后面一个让步说尽管牛羊也很重要，应该是说马更重要才对，所以兴趣的动物，利益的动物和要求的动物都不对。

2.以most mobile and most militarilistic做关键词定位至倒数第三句，说以马匹做运输工具和福利使得Inner Eurasia pastoralism最mobile，答案是B，C虽然提到了welfare，但不是 borrow的，所以不选。

3.profound深远的，所以答案far-reaching正确，选D。

原句说pastoralism的出现和发展对欧亚大陆内部有什么样的影响，后面又加了这个区域之外的欧洲和亚洲，所以应该是影响范围广大，所以答案是D。

C说反，后面都说了indirect；A奇特的B正面的没说。

4.首先找到对比，本段前两句分别说了游牧民族和定居民族的特点，一是依靠动物及其食物，一是驯养动物。

紧接着说了这种对比的结果，也就是作者做这个对比的目的。

游牧民族就像食肉动物一样，在食物链中占据了较高的等级，所以需要更多地盘。

所以对比的目的就是解释为什么游牧民族需要占领更多地方，答案是A。

此题特殊，修辞目的在修辞点所在句子后面，需要多加注意。

5.问题当中关键词难找，但可以从上题pastoralist和agriculturalist的对比，也就是本段的第一二两句中得出答案D，说游牧民族经常四处游走。

A和C原文都没说，B项与原文说反，原文第四句说游牧民族必须四处走以保证同样量的food and clothing，所以B错。

6.首先以Eastern Europe和Mongolia做关键词定位至第四句，原句单纯讲述了一个例子，所以往前看，前句说由于游牧民族的存在，出现了很大一块地域范围内共享相似的生态上的，文化上的甚至语言上的特点。

紧接着就说了语言上的一个例子，所以语言的这个例子是为了证明前文的，答案是D。

10月18日托福真题：口语(新东方)

10月18日托福真题：口语（新东方）2014年10月18日托福真题：口语（新东方）Task 1: Talk about a style of clothing you like the most, explain in details why you like wearing it.SampleI like sportswear the most. Brands like NorthFace and Columbia are my favorite. First, they are made to last forever. They are tough, well made, well thought out. They might not be the prettiest, but boy do they last! I have a few jackets that were bought many years ago that are still in near perfect condition. I’ve never really taken good care of them. I usually just toss them in the washer right after exercising or hiking. Years later, every button and zipper still works perfectly! Second, they are perfect for outdoor activities which I love the most. They keep me warm and dry no matter how horrible the weather gets.相关推荐：2014年10月托福考试时间相关推荐：2014年10月托福报名时间相关推荐：2014年10月托福成绩查询时间。

老托福阅读真题及答案：passage14

老托福阅读真题及答案：PASSAGE 14Television has transformed politics in the United States by changing the way in which information is disseminated, by altering political campaigns, and by changing citizen's patterns of response to politics. By giving citizens independent access to the candidates, television diminished the role of the political party in the selection of the major party candidates. By centering politics on the person of the candidate, television accelerated the citizen's focus on character rather than issues.Television has altered the forms of political communication as well. The messages on which most of us rely are briefer than they once were. The stump speech, a political speech given by traveling politicians and lasting 11/2 to 2 hours, which characterized nineteenth-century political discourse, has given way to the 30-second advertisement and the 10 second "sound bite" in broadcast news. Increasingly the audience for speeches is not that standing in front of the politician but rather the viewing audience who will hear and see a snippet of the speech on the news.In these abbreviated forms, much of what constituted the traditionalpolitical discourse of earlier ages has been lost. In 15 or 30 seconds, a speaker cannot establish the historical context that shaped the issue in question, cannot detail the probable causes of the problem, and cannot examine alternative proposals to argue that one is preferable to others. In snippets, politicians assert but do not argue.Because television is an intimate medium, speaking through it require a changed political style that was more conversational, personal, and visual than that of the old-style stump speech.Reliance on television means that increasingly our political world contains memorable pictures rather than memorable words. Schools teach us to analyze words and print. However, in a word in which politics is increasingly visual, informed citizenship requires a new set of skills.Recognizing the power of television's pictures, politicians craft televisual, staged events, called pseudo-event, designed to attract media coverage. Much of the political activity we see on television news has been crafted by politicians, their speechwriters, and their public relations advisers for televised consumption. Sound bites in news and answers to questions in debates increasingly sound like advertisements.1.What is the main point of the passage(A)Citizens in the United States are now more informed about political issues because of television coverage.(B)Citizens in the United States prefer to see politicians on television instead of in person.(C)Politics in the United States has become substantially more controversial since the introduction of television.(D)Politics in the United States has been significantly changed by television.2.The word "disseminated" in line 2 is closest in meaning to(A)analyzed(B)discussed(C)spread(D)stored3.It can be inferred that before the introduction of television, political parties(A)had more influence over the selection of political candidates(B)spent more money to promote their political candidates(C)attracted more members(D)received more money4.The word "accelerated" in line 5 is closest in meaning to(A)allowed(B)increased(C)required(D)started5.The author mentions the "stump speech" in line 7 as an example of(A)an event created by politicians to attract media attention(B)an interactive discussion between two politicians(C)a kind of political presentation typical of the nineteenth century(D)a style of speech common to televised political events6.The phrase "given way to" in line 10 is closest in meaning to(A)added interest to(B)modified(C)imitated(D)been replaced by7.The word "that" in line 12 refers to(A)audience(B)broadcast news(C)politician(D)advertisement8.According to the passage , as compared with televised speeches, traditional political discourse was more successful at(A)allowing news coverage of political candidates(B)placing political issues within a historical context(C)making politics seem more intimate to citizens(D)providing detailed information about a candidates private behavior9.The author states that "politicians assert but do not argue" (line 18) in order to suggest that politicians(A)make claims without providing reasons for the claims(B)take stronger positions on issues than in the past(C)enjoy explaining the issue to broadcasters(D)dislike having to explain their own positions on issues to citizens10.The word "Reliance" in line 21 is closest in meaning to(A)abundance(B)clarification(C)dependence(D)information11.The purpose of paragraph 4 is to suggest that(A)politicians will need to learn to become more personal when meeting citizens(B)politicians who are considered very attractive are favored by citizens over politicians who are less attractive(C)citizens tend to favor a politician who analyzed the issue over one who does not(D)citizens will need to learn how to evaluate visual political images in order to become better informed12.According to paragraph 5, staged political events are created so that politicians can(A)create more time to discuss political issues(B)obtain more television coverage for themselves(C)spend more time talking to citizens in person(D)engages in debates with their opponents13.Which of the following statements is supported by the passage(A)Political presentations today are more like advertisements than in the past.(B)Politicians today tend to be more familiar with the views of citizens than in the past.(C)Citizens today are less informed about a politician's character than in the past.(D)Political speeches today focus more on details about issues than in the past.正确答案： DCABC DABAC DBA外朗教育精品课程。

托福IBT考试2014年真题4_真题-无答案

托福IBT考试2014年真题4(总分120,考试时间90分钟)SPEAKINGSpeaking Question 1You will now be asked a question about a familiar topic. After you hear the question, you will have 15 seconds to prepare your response and 45 seconds to speak.1. What kind of clothing do you usually wear, and why? Please include specific details in your explanation.Speaking Question 2You will now be asked a question about a familiar topic. After you hear the question, you will have 15 seconds to prepare your response and 45 seconds to speak.2. Do you agree or disagree with the following statement? Young people today know more about the world events than their parents did before.Speaking Question 3You will now read a short passage and then listen to a talk on the same topic. You will then be asked a question about them. After you hear the question, you will have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.3. A Proposal of the Restriction on Campus GarbageThe students of the Western University have been neglecting to throw away their own trashes, causing a messy campus. Students are constantly reminded by the school to throw their trashes into the appropriate bins, however, there are still wastes such as empty lunch trays, soda bottles and other garbage being left all over the school. Instead of allowing this problem to continue, a message written by a student in the school newspaper suggests that the security officers should stop those littering on the campus and charge a 15 dollars penalty. The proposal is clear: if students don't clean up their trashes, then they will suffer the consequences.Now hear a conversation about the same topic.The woman expresses her opinion of the proposal to restrict throwing garbage on campus. State her opinion and explain the reasons she gives for holding that opinion.Speaking Question 4You will new read a short passage and then listen to a talk on the same topic. You will then be asked a question about them. After you hear the question, you will have 30 seconds to prepare your response and 60 seconds to speak.4. Assimilation and AccommodationThe term "assimilation" means: a new idea is assimilated into knowledge similar to our existing knowledge. When an **es into one's sight for the first time, the information is processed and assimilated into people's brains. Accommodation is another approach applied by humans to process information. It is when **e across new information, they accommodate in order to process this new data, expanding their knowledge in the process. The difference between the two is simple: to assimilate is to absorb new information into existing knowledge, to accommodate is to receive new information by modifying or expanding our existing knowledge base.Now hear a talk on the some subjectThe professor takes an example to illustrate the difference between assimilation and accommodation. Explain how the example relates to the reading passage.Speaking Question 5You will now listen to a conversation. You will then be asked a question about it. After you hear the question, you will have 20 seconds to prepare your response end 60 seconds to speak.5. The man discusses two possible solutions to the woman's problem. Describe the problem and the two solutions. Then state which of the two solutions you prefer and explain why.Speaking Question 6You will now listen to part of a lecture. You will then be asked o question about it. After you hear the question, you will have 20 seconds to prepare your response end 60 seconds to speak.6. Using the points and examples from the lecture, explain how people make flood irrigation beneficial to agriculture.。

10月11日托福阅读真题

2014年10月11日托福阅读真题智课网整理机经词汇：conceive（=imagine）V.构思，想象stationary（=fixed ）V稳定的，固定的unrivaled（=unequaled）a.无可匹敌的，无与伦比的drawback（=faults）n.弱点respective（=separate）a.分开的，各自的steadily（=continual）a.持续的第一篇：花粉传播版本1: 主要讲的是花粉传播。

先讲花粉传播是繁殖基础。

很多是通过动物传粉的，但是还有很多用风力，原因是范围更广。

风力有缺点，不够准确，而且需要更多的花粉。

一般在温带的森林里，植物品种少，会选择风力传粉，而热带地区种类多，就更多选择动物传粉，更有针对性。

举了个例子，是站在屋顶上把要给朋友的信折起来之后扔出去，接不接得到。

(有题)然后讲风力传粉的植物，花更小，不起眼，花粉很多。

(有题)接着是说风力传粉的限制和要求颇多，比如风要够大，天气要干燥(不下雨)。

花粉的位置也很重要，在top，有举一种树。

版本2：关于用风来传播种子。

一些高纬度和温带地区用风传播种子。

温带地区树种少，而且都是单一品种。

所以风的传播怎么的都能到。

就好像寄信给朋友，你朋友在山的那边的村庄，你爬上悬崖撒一把信下去，你朋友总会收到一封。

但是热带地区的树种多而且分布广，就必须依靠动物进行特定方向的传播。

靠风传播的话植物就不需要类似明亮的颜色或者大的花朵之类的来吸引动物。

有些花粉长在最高的枝上和叶上这样才能被风吹走。

还说温带落叶的只有风大的时候植物才会产生花粉。

有些花粉小所以才能被吹得更远，但是也有可能卷入植物花粉接收部位附近的风里而不能被植物接收。

解析：本文属于生物类里的植物类主题。

本文以一个主题(花粉传播)展开数个并列的子主题（不同情况下的花粉传播），每段讲述不同的气候与地理位置的花粉传播的方法。

段落结构清晰，主题明确，对背景的描述会比较详尽，不会出现因为背景知识的生疏而严重影响对于文章理解的情况。