下语法--不定式和动名词

动词不定式和动名词都是非 谓语动词，即在句中不是作 谓语的动词形式。
不定式作主语
• To grow trees is very important. • It is very important to grow trees.
to do 作主语,常放句尾,用 it 作形式主语.
1. It be adj. to do sth. 2. It takes sb. some time to do sth. It takes me half an hour to come to school every day.
出来。
too Li Ming was _____ excited to say a word ______________ . so Li Ming was ____ excited that ____ he couldn’t say a word. __________
• 这箱子太沉了,他抬不起来.
• They began to read and write. 不定式放在及物动词后, 用作宾语.
接不定式作宾语的动词有:
want to do wish to do learn to do plan to do refuse to do
hope to do need to do agree to do decide to do
• 他有一台电视要修。
to repair He has a TV set________ .
• 我没什么可担心的。
to worry I have nothing ________ ______ . about
• 他是一个值得信赖的人。 to believe in He is a man ___________ .
不定式作状语 (adverbial)
The boy was too frightened to move. (结果) I’m sorry to trouble you. I am glad to see you.
（原因）
（原因）
不定式回答 why…?的提问
• Why did he stay home?
疑问词 + 不定式
I don’t know what to do. He can tell you where to get the book. (宾语补足语) The question is who(m) to ask. (表语)
(宾语)
比较（Compare） I don’t know what to do. I don’t know how to do it. I don’t know what to do about it.
3. It be + adj. + of sb. to …
您能帮助我, 真是太好了。 It is very kind of you to help me. =You are very kind to help me. 4. It be + adj. + for sb. to…
It is easy for him to speak English.
too The box is _____ heavy for to lift him______ .
so heavy The box is _________ that he __________ . can’t lift it
不定式作定语 (Attribute)
不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系.
Have you got anything to say? Give me something to drink.
again (by me.)
比较：
• I heard her singing in the next room. • I heard her sing in the next room.
(强调“我听见她正唱歌"这个动 作)
(强调“我听见她唱歌了"这个事
• 昨天我看见他在花园里干活了。 I saw him work in the garden yesterday.
接不定式作宾补的动词有:
want sb to do wish sb to do get sb to do order sb to do find sb to do like sb to do would like sb to do help sb to do
不定式作宾语补足语
不定式作宾语补足语不带 to 的情况: • Let me do it. • I saw him cross the street. • He made me laugh.
Because he was sick.
• Why did you go there?
To study English.
(表示原因)
(表目的)
She runs ________________ fast enough to get there first.
She runs _______ that she so fast _______ there first. can get
不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。 若是不及物动词，介词不能省略
I don’t have a pen to write with. The ice is hard to skate on.
完成句子 我有许多书要看。
to read I have many books _______ .
她有几个问题要问。
She has a few questions to ask ________.
(强调"我看见了"这个事实) • 昨天我见他正在花园里干活。
I saw him working in the garden yesterday.
（强调"我见他正干活"这个动作）
完成句子
• Lucy告诉他不要哭。
not to cry Lucy told him ____________.
•吉姆告诉李明由衷地祝福每个人.
It is necessary for us to study hard.
完成句子
跳舞非常有趣。
To nce ________ is a lot of fun.
种些植物是非常有必要的。
It is a lot of fun to dance. To grow plants _____________ is very important.
接不定式作宾语的动词有:
begin / start to do try to do stop to do forget / remember to do like to do go on to do
完成句子
他想借用我的录音机。
to borrow my radio He wants _________________.
过了。
你做那样的事是对的。
to say It was clever of him _______ good-bye. _________.
不定式作表语
• My dream is to be a doctor. • His work is to clean the room every day. 不定式放在be动 词 后作表语
完成句子
我的梦想就是成为一名科学家. to be My dream is _______ a scientist. 最上策的计划就是马上离开这儿.
to leave The best plan is ________ at once.
不定式作宾语
• She likes to play soccer.
She has no clothes to wear ?
不定式作定语 (Attribute)
不定式与被修饰词有动宾关系。 若是不及物动词，介词不能省略
He bought a toy to play with. He asked for a room to live in.
不定式作定语 (Attribute)
_______ .
• 老板迫使他工作了一整夜。 The boss made him work _____ whole the _______ night.
He came to show me his new CD player.
(目的)
不定式作状语 (adverbial)
I went there to see my teacher. (目的) She came back to get her English book. (目的)
不定式作宾补不带to 的动词有:
let, make, have 感官动词: see, watch, hear, feel, listen to, feel, look at
使役动词:
但是在被动语态中,则to不能省掉.
在被动语态中, to不能省掉.
• I saw him dance. • He was seen to dance. • I made the baby cry again. • The baby was made to cry
他们开始读和写。
to read and write They began_______________ .
• I want you to go there. • I would like you to help me.
• Tell her to turn it down.
不定式放在宾语后,作 宾语补足语.
Jim told Li Ming __________hisbest to give wishes
_______ to everybody.
• 他让我再做一次。
do it He let me ________ again.