不定式与v-ing分词用法区别

请先阅读讲义“不定式与v-ing分词用法区别”

主语表语定语宾语宾补状语

不定式⎫⎫⎫⎫⎫⎫

-ing ⎫⎫⎫⎫⎫⎫

一、不定式与-ing都可作以上句子成分，其区别如下：

1、主语

"使用不定式：it作形式主语，多用不定式，置语句末）

It is hard to find a true friend.

It is impolite to talk with your mouth full.

"使用-ing

(1) 在句首时

Shopping is her best way to relax herself.

Missing the train means waiting for another hour.

Developing the economy and protecting the environment can be possible at the same time.

(2) 前有所有格修饰时

Her swimming has improved quickly since she started training every day.

The president’s attending the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.

（3）在以下固定句型中（虽以it做形式主语,也用-ing））

It is no good/use persuading him to change his mind.

It is worth reading all the Chinese famous novels.

2、表语

" My job is to teach you English.

=My job is teaching you English.

"The news is exciting/surprising/shocking……

3、定语

"使用不定式：

（1）在以下句型中, 常用不定式表将来（主动形式表被动意义）

We still have a long way to go. (have sth to do)

There is a long way to go. (there be… to do)

With a lot of homework to do, I have to stay home all day. (with sth to do) （2）有序数词first, second,…last 修饰的名词后

He was determined not to be the first one to voice opinions.

"使用-ing：

（1）表____________

a developing country the fast-growing economy a sleeping boy the rising sun

Do you know the person talking to the headteacher now?

= Do you know the person who are talking to the headteacher now?

（2）表_____________

Those wishing to join this club should sign here.

= Those who wish to join this club should sign here.

Everyone attending the meeting agreed to the plan.

= Everyone who attended the meeting agreed to the plan.

（3）表_____________

an interesting story exciting news puzzling lights confusing

rules disappointing results

（4）表_____________

a swimming pool a walking stick a writing desk a smoking area a changing room

4、宾语

"使用不定式：在某些动词后

He wishes to sleep at least for 8 hours every day.

My father promised to buy me a cellphone if I got straight A in SAT.

He pretended to be asleep when I approached her.

后接不定式作宾语的动词还有：

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ __________________________________

"使用-ing

（1）在某些动词后

He is considering changing for a new job.

后接-ing作宾语的动词还有：

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ __________________________________

（2）在介词后

She relaxes herself by shopping。

Look forward to seeing you again.

to 是介词的词组还有：

______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ __________________________________

"使用不定式和-ing意义不同