专八人文知识必背

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专八人文知识

专八人文知识

专八英国概况考点之英国地理
• 12. The Tweed, the Tyne, the Tees and the Thames Rivers on the ea st coast all face the North Sea ports on the European continent.
• 东海岸的邓恩河,泰河,迪斯河和泰晤士河都面临欧洲大陆上 的北海各港口。
• 唐人街是许多中国人生活、居住的地区,那里有许多中国店铺、 饭店、夜总会。两条最重要的唐人街分别在纽约和旧金山。
• Indian Reservation印第安保留地:It refers to the barren desert regions where only Indians live exclusively.
印度和巴基斯坦。
专八人文知识之 美国地理概况
专八人文知识之美国地理概况
• The Fall Line瀑布线:A point where water-falls or rapids suddenly drop from a higher level to the lower one.
• 瀑布线指的是瀑布急速地从高处向低处流泻的点。 • The Appalachian Range阿巴拉契亚山脉:1200 miles long,
• 13. The longest river in Britain is the Severn River. The most importa nt river is Thames River. River Clyde is the most important river in Sc otland.

专八人文知识(文学常识)

专八人文知识(文学常识)

英美文学知识练习1.Beowulf is considered as the greatest epic in ________.

A.Anglo-Saxon times

B.The Roman Occupation

C.The Middle Ages

D.The renaissance

2. _______ is considered as “the Father of English Poetry”.

A. Geoffrey Chaucer

B. William Shakespeare

C. John Milton

D. Edmund Spenser

3. Which of the following is Not an author of the English Renaissance?

A. Sir Thomas More

B. Christopher Marlowe

C. Francis Bacon

D. Geoffrey Chaucer

4. Which of the following is Not considered as one of Shakespeare’s four greatest tragedies?

A. Hamlet

B. Romeo and Juliet

C. King Lear

D. Macbeth

5. Portia is the famous character in Shakespeare’s play_______.

A. Hamlet

B. Merchant of Venice

专八人文知识英国概况

专八人文知识英国概况

专八人文知识英国概况

专八人文知识英国概况(一)

概述

1. Introduction (简介)

1)Official Name (官方国名)

The United Kingdom of Great Britain and Northern Ireland (大不列颠及北爱尔兰联合王国)

2)Location (地理位置)

Britain is an island country surrounded by the sea. It lies in the North Atlantic Ocean (北大西洋)off the north coast of Europe. It is separated from the rest of Europe by the English Channel (英吉利海峡)in the south and the North Sea (北海)in the east. (英国是一个岛国。它位于大西洋北部,与欧洲大陆的北海岸隔海相望。南面的英吉利海峡和东面的北海将它与欧洲其他部分隔开。)

2.Ethnic Groups (少数民族)

The population of Britain is made up mainly of the English (英格兰人), the Scottish (苏格兰人), the Welsh (威尔士人), the Irish (爱尔兰人), the Northern Irish (北爱尔兰人)and other peoples.

The English are Anglo-Saxons (盎格鲁-撒克逊人)and they have many differences in regional speech. The Scots, Welsh and Irish are Celts (凯尔特人).

专八人文知识文学背诵系列

专八人文知识文学背诵系列

英国文学~

《贝奥武甫》(The story of Beowulf)

代表着古英语的最高成就,是英国文学中现存的最古老的头韵史诗(alliterative epic),是一首异教诗(pagan poem),展现了部落社会(tribal society)的景象

威廉.朗格拉(William Langland)

主要描写下层人民生活,

《耕者皮尔斯》(Piers the Plowman)--与《坎特伯雷故事集》并称为早期英国文学的两大巨作

杰弗里.乔叟(Geoffrey Chaucer)

被誉为;“英国诗歌之父”(the father of English Poetry)“英国小说之父”(th father of English Fiction)

《坎特伯雷故事集》(The Canterbury Tales)--未完成,只有24个故事

托马斯.怀亚特(Thomas Wyatt)

他是第一个将十四行诗(sonnet)引进英国文学的人.

埃德蒙.斯宾塞(Edmund Spenser)

被誉为“诗人中的诗人”(The poets’poet),并有“桂冠诗人”(Poet Laureate)的称号《牧羊人日记》(The Shepherd's Calendar)

《新婚喜歌》(Epithalamion)

《仙后》(The Faerie Queene)--开创了“斯宾塞诗体”(Spenserian Stanza)

托马斯.莫尔(Thomas More)

《乌托邦》(Utopia)--为其代表作

弗朗西斯.培根(Francis Bacon)

专八人文知识

专八人文知识

钢琴: 《Kiss The Rain 雨的印记》(Yiruma) 《Tears眼泪》(The Daydream) 《YOU&ME》(The Daydream) 《天空之城》钢琴版 Carrying You 《Merry Christmas》 wrence(坂本龙一)《流动的城市》林海 《月光边境》林海《迷失》林海 《远方的寂静》林海 《Canon In D》帕海贝尔 《鸟之诗》钢琴版 小提琴: 《流浪者之歌》萨拉萨蒂 《天空之城》久石让 《小百合》(《云之彼端 约定的地方》中的曲子) 《Ave Maria圣母颂》舒伯特 《D大调卡农》帕海贝尔 《斗牛士之歌》萨拉萨蒂 《D大调第一华丽波兰舞曲》维尼亚夫斯基 《24首随想曲》帕格尼尼 《G小调恰空》维塔利 大提琴: 《天鹅》圣桑 (优雅的天鹅) 《G大调第1号无伴奏大提琴组曲之前奏曲》巴赫(很经典) 《降B大调第九大提琴协奏曲》博凯里尼 《西西里舞曲》福雷(非常有旋律性,好听的曲子啊) 单簧管: 《单簧管波尔卡》波兰民谣 《浪漫曲》圣桑(温柔的) 小号:《亚麻色头发的少女》德彪西 《双鹰旗下进行曲》瓦格纳(进行曲) 《阿莱城的姑娘之法朗多尔》比才(较有气势) 《行星组曲之木星》霍尔斯特(温馨,却又有点忧伤的感觉) 《小夜曲》舒伯特(小夜曲,浪漫啊) 《歌之翼》门德尔松(充满着阳光的味道) 长笛: 《a小调无伴奏长笛组曲》巴赫(这首曲子被认为是最不像长笛组曲的长笛组曲) 《沉思》马斯涅(浪漫的法国风格) 《培尔·金特组曲之第一组曲晨景》格里格(清新优美的小品) 《阿尔比诺尼柔板》阿尔比诺尼(忧伤、沉重) 英语专业八级考试建议阅读参考书目【文学类】一、 英国文学 Kingsley Amis Lucky Jim Jane Austen Pride and Prejudice Arnold Bennett The Old Wiveds’Tale Elizabeth Bowen The Death of the Heart Charlotte Bronte Jane Eyre Emily Bronte Wuthering HGeights Anthony Burgess A Clockwordk Orange Samuel BVutler The Way of All Flesh A.S.Byatt Possession Lewis Carroll Alice’s Adventures in Wonderland Angela Carter The Com pany of Wolves Agatha Christie Mdurder on the Orient Express Ivy Compton-Burnett A Fdamily and a Fortune Joseph Conrad Heart of Darkness, Lord Jim Daniel Defoe Robinson Crusoe Charles Dickens David Copperfield Sir Arthur C. Ddyle Adventure of Sherlock Holmes Margaret Drabble The Waterfall Daphne Du Maurier Rebecca George Eliot Middlemarch E.M.FGorster Howards End, A Passage to India John Fowles The French Lieutenant’s Woman John Galsworthy The Man of Property William Golding Lord of the Flies Graham Greene The Human Factor

专八人文知识总结

专八人文知识总结

英国文学

一、古英语时期的英国文学(499-1066)

1、贝奥武夫(发生在斯堪地亚半岛)

2、阿尔弗雷德大帝:英国散文之父

二、中古英语时期的英国文学

1、allegory体非常盛行

2、Romance开始上升到一定的高度

3、高文爵士和绿衣骑士

4、Willian Langlaud 《农夫皮尔斯的幻象》

5、乔叟坎特伯雷故事集(英雄双韵体)

6、托马斯.马洛礼《亚瑟王之死》

三、文艺复兴时期的英国文学(伊丽莎白时代)(14-16世纪)

1、托马斯.莫尔《乌托邦》

2、Thomas Wyatt 和Henry Howard引入sonnet

3、Philips Sidney 《The defense of Poesie》《阿卡迪亚》描述田园生活;现代长篇小说的先驱

4、斯宾塞《仙后》诗人中的诗人;斯宾塞体诗节;

5、莎士比亚:长篇叙事诗:《维纳斯和阿多尼斯》、《露克丝受辱记》

四大悲剧:哈姆雷特、李尔王、奥赛罗、麦克白

7、本.琼森风俗喜剧(comedy of manners)《人性互异》

8、约翰.多恩“玄学派”诗歌创始人9、George Herbert 玄学派诗圣

10、弗朗西斯.培根现代科学和唯物主义哲学创始人之一《Essays》英国发展史上的里程碑《学术的推进》和《新工具》

四、启蒙时期(18世纪)

1、约翰、弥尔顿:《失乐园》、《为英国人民争辩》

2、约翰、班扬:《天路历程》religious allegory

3、约翰、德莱顿:英国新古典主义的杰出代表、桂冠诗人;《论戏剧诗》

4、亚历山大.蒲柏:英国新古典主义诗歌的重要代表;英雄双韵体的使用达到登峰造极的使用;《田园组诗》是其最早田园诗歌代表作

英语专八人文知识考试总结

英语专八人文知识考试总结

英语专八人文知识考试总结

1 专八考试人文知识考试内容总结

其中英美文学包括英国文学和美国文学。英国文学主要分为六个时期:

1. Old and Medieval English Literature(中古英国文学)。

2. The Renaissance Period(文艺复兴时期)。

3. The Neoclassical Period(新古典主义时期)。

4. The Romantic Period(维多利亚时期)。

5. The Victorian Period(维多利亚时期)。

6. The Modern Period(现代时期)。

美国文学主要分为四个时期:

1. The Literature Around the Revolution of Independence

(独立革命前后的文学)。

2. American Romanticism(美国浪漫主义文学)。

3. American Realism(美国现实主义文学)。

4. American Modernism(美国现代主义文学)。

语言学,考生不光要知道语言的本质还要掌握语音学,音位学,形态学,句法学,语义学和语言学的知识。

关于英语国家概况,英语专业的学生都会开设英美概况这门课程,但是专八考试的中需要考生了解的是英语国家概况,不光包括英国和美国,还有其他一些说英语的地区,包括爱尔兰概况,加拿大概况,澳大利亚概况和新西兰概况。

3专八人文知识:英国地理概况

the english channel: the channel is a narrow sea passage which separates england and france and connects the atlantic ocean and north sea.

英语专八人文知识汇总

英语专八人文知识汇总

美国概况

练习题:

1 _____is the largest city and the chief port of the United States.

A Washington D.C.

B Los Angeles

C San Francisco

D New York City

2 _____ enjoys the worst social and economic conditions.

A Blacks

B Hispanics

C Indians

D Asian Americans

3 Washington D.C. is named after___________.

A the U.S. President George Washington

B Christopher Columbus

C both George Washington and Christopher Columbus

D none of them

4 American and British English are two_____ of the English language.

A varieties

B elements

C parts

D form

5 The first American president to be elected from the Republican Party was______.

A Thomas Jefferson

B James Monroe

C James Madison

D Abraham Lincoln

6 Of the fifty states, the smallest state in area is_____.

专八人文知识

专八人文知识

练习题:

1、T he traditional dividing line in America between "east” and "west” is the Mississippi River.密西西比河是美国传统的东方和西方的分界线。

2、T he earliest part in America to be found and taken over by early settlers is The Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Plain. 最早被早期定居者发现和占领的地方是大西洋及其沿岸平原。

3、T he largest racial group in the whole population of U.S.A is Non-hispanics white.非西班牙裔的白人是美国最大的种族群体。

4、B efore 2000, the largest minority group in the United States is African Americans. 2000 年以前非裔美国人是美国最大的少数民族群体。2000年以后,拉丁裔美国人的人数超过了非裔美国人的人数,成为美国第一大少数民族群体。

5、A merica has the world’s oldest written constitution and political party.美国拥有世界上最古老的宪法和政党。

6、T he economic problem caused by the depression in 1929 was eventually solved by World War II.第二次世界大战的爆发帮助美国走出了经济困境。

英语专八人文知识汇总-

英语专八人文知识汇总-

o Geography

Great Britain America Canada Australia New Zealand

mountain Ben Nevis(Highest mountain)

Scafell(highest peak)

The Pennies(mountain chain)

Rocky Mountains(‘backbone

‘or ‘continental divide’)

The great central plain

The Appalachian mountains

Mount Logan(highest peak)

Mount cook(highest peak)

Mount ruapehu(highest hill in

north island)

river Severn River(longest)

Thames River(most important) the Mississippi river(‘father

of waters,’ old man river’)

Ohio river(‘American Ruhr’)

St. Lawrence(most important)

the Mackenzie(longest)

The Murray river(longest and

Biggest)

Lake Taupo(largest)

lakes Lough Neigh(largest)

Loch Lomond(largest in Scot)

Windermere(largest in England)

专八人文知识

专八人文知识

(一)重要文学术语

诙谐短诗(Epigram):诙谐短诗短小机智,表达一个耐人寻味的简单思想或观察。奥斯卡·王尔德(Oscar Wilde)以他的诙谐短诗著称。

An epigram is a brief,clever,an usually memorable statement

现实主义(Realism):现实主义指艺术或文学中客观地将事物、行为或社会状况按照现实的本来情况进行表述,而不是用抽象的或者理想化的形式来表现。

Realism sought to portray familiar characters,situations,and settings in a realistic manner.This was done primarily by using an objective narrative point of view and through the buildup of accurate detail.

(二)名家名作

查尔斯·狄更斯(Charles Dickens,1812-1870)

狄更斯是19世纪最伟大的小说家,批判现实主义的杰出代表。

其作品广泛而深刻地描写社会生活的各个方面,鲜明而生动地刻画了各阶层的代表人物的形象。狄更斯作品的广度和深度远远超过了同时代的任何文学作品。马克思将狄更斯列在英国19世纪批判现实主义小说家的首位。

在初期作品中,狄更斯对许多社会问题的解决还抱着比较乐观的态度,认为资本主义社会中的那些罪恶是可以补救的。

Sketches by Boz《波兹特写》

专八人文知识汇总

专八人文知识汇总

专八人文知识汇总

人文知识涵盖了人类文化、历史、语言、艺术等各个领域的综合知识。对于参加专业八级考试的考生来说,掌握人文知识非常重要。本文将为大家汇总专八人文知识的要点,帮助考生进行复习和备考。

一、文学与艺术

文学与艺术是人类创造力的表达形式,对于理解人类文化和思想有着重要作用。以下是一些著名文学家和艺术家的作品和代表作。

1. 文学

- 威廉·莎士比亚:代表作《哈姆雷特》、《罗密欧与朱丽叶》等;

- 弗朗茨·卡夫卡:代表作《变形记》、《审判》等;

- 陈寅恪:代表作《论辛亥革命》、《两千年中国的奴隶制》等。

2. 绘画

- 文森特·梵高:代表作《向日葵》、《星夜》等;

- 达·芬奇:代表作《蒙娜丽莎》、《最后的晚餐》等;

- 巴士奇亚·加拉赞诺:代表作《熔岩淹没的城市》、《无题》等。

3. 音乐

- 贝多芬:代表作《第九交响曲》、《命运交响曲》等;

- 莫扎特:代表作《第四十交响曲》、《婚礼进行曲》等;

- 珍妮佛·刘易斯:代表作《想你的春天》、《无与伦比的你》等。

二、历史与哲学

理解历史和哲学可以帮助我们认识社会发展和人类思想的演进。以下是一些重要历史事件和哲学思想的概括。

1. 历史

- 法国大革命(1789年):标志着封建制度的终结和资本主义的崛起;

- 二战(1939-1945):导致国际政治力量重新分配,出现了冷战格局;

- 五四运动(1919年):标志着中国的现代化运动开始,倡导民主与科学;

2. 哲学

- 柏拉图的理念论:认为真理存在于理念中,物质世界只是理念的投影;

- 休谟的经验论:认为人的认知来源于经验,否定了先天知识的存在;

专八人文知识之英国文学

专八人文知识之英国文学

专⼋⼈⽂知识之英国⽂学

专⼋⼈⽂知识之英国⽂学

引导语:下⾯是应届毕业⽣培训⽹整理⽽成的,关于专⼋考试⼈⽂知识的⽂章,谢谢您的阅读

⼀、古英语时期的英国⽂学(499-1066)

1、贝奥武夫 Beowulf (公元⼋世纪):是迄今为⽌发现的英国盎格鲁—撒克逊时期最古⽼、最长的⼀部较完整的⽂学作品,也是欧洲最早的⽅⾔史诗。

2、阿尔弗雷德⼤帝 Alfred the Great :英国散⽂之⽗Father of English Prose

⼆、中古英语时期的英国⽂学

1、暗讽体allegory⾮常盛⾏:这是⼀种源于希腊⽂的修辞法,意为"换个⽅式的说法".它是⼀种形象的描述,具有双重性,表层含义与真正意味的是两回事.

2、Romance 开始上升到⼀定的⾼度

3、⾼⽂爵⼠和绿⾐骑⼠Sir Gawain and the Green Knight:反映了骑⼠制度chivalry的理想,是中世纪封建贵族⽂化的精髓。

4、威廉·兰格伦 Willian Langlaud :著有《农夫⽪尔斯的幻象》Piers Plowman

5、乔叟Geoffrey Chaucer:坎特伯雷故事集(英雄双韵体) The Canterbury Tales 。在英国⽂学史上,他是第⼀个使⽤⼗⾳节“双韵体”的诗⼈,这个诗体后来在他⾸创下,演化成了“英雄双韵体”,“英雄双韵体”为以后的英国诗⼈所⼴泛采⽤。他也因此被誉为“英国诗歌之⽗”Father of English poetry。

6、托马斯.马洛礼 Sir Thomas Malory 《亚瑟王之死》The Death of King Arthur

专八人文知识

专八人文知识

--4. the third largest city in Canada , is well known as Ice-Free Harbor.
A. Montreal B. Quebec C. Toronto D. Vancouver
D
7
4. A. Montreal(蒙特利尔)是加拿大第二大城市、 魁北克省最大城市。该市是典型的英法双语城市, 被认为是北美的“浪漫之都”。 B. Quebec(魁北克省)是加拿大的经济政治和社会 生活中心,是加拿大面积最大的省,人口数量位居 全加拿大第二位
C. Toronto 是加拿大最大的城市,世界主要的金融 中心之一,被称为“公猪之城”和“雾都”。加拿 大国家电视塔是多伦多的标志性建筑。 D. Vancouver是加拿大第三大城市和工商业中心, 也是不列颠哥伦比亚区的最大城市,加拿大西海岸 的主要港口和横贯加拿大全景铁路线的终点。此外, 8 它还是一个天然良港,冬天不结冰。
3.B.“唐宁街10号”(Downing Street)位于伦敦中部, 是英国首相的官邸,内阁会议一般在这里召开。“唐宁街” 和“唐宁街10号”已经成为英国政府的代名词 A.“华尔街”(Wall Street)是美国金融,股市的代名词 C.“舰队街”(Fleet Street)是伦敦市内一条著名的街 道,依邻近的舰队河命名,是英国报业的代名词 D.“白金汉宫” (The Buckingham Palace)是英国 皇室的官邸,建造在威斯敏斯特城内,位于伦敦詹姆士公 园(St. James’ Park)的西边,1703年为白金汉公爵 所建而得名,最早称白金汉屋,意思是“他人的家”。 6

专八人文知识总结

专八人文知识总结

专八人文知识总结

专八人文知识总结

英国概况专八人文知识

英格兰面积最大

苏格兰,爱丁堡为首府

威尔士,加的夫,Cardiff为首府

北爱尔兰,贝尔法斯特Belfast为首府

伦敦,UK首都,皇家法庭royal courts of justice 及圣保罗大教堂st paul’s cathedral 在这里。威斯敏斯特westminster,伦敦市的一个行政区,也叫西敏寺,这里有议会houses of parliament,包含大钟楼big ben,白厅whitehall即英国政府,白金汉宫buckingham palace即英国皇宫,还有st james’ hall 圣詹姆斯宫。

The great charter in 1215,1215年大宪章,亦称the great charter or Magna Charta,确保一些平民的政治权利与自由,保障教会不受国王的控制,改革了法律和司法,限制国王及王室官员的行为。

议会雏形,1265年,Simon de Montford 召集the Great Council在西敏寺开会,就是最早的议会,后来发展了House of Lords上议院,House of Commons下议院。

玫瑰战争和英国宗教改革:

Richard 三世和Henry Tudor都铎(duduo)打了玫瑰战争,都铎胜利,终成五代都铎王朝。

亨利八世进行宗教改革,想切断英国教会与罗马教皇的关系,使英国教会独立起来。宗教改革的真正进行是在亨利八世的儿子爱德华时期,新教是Protestant,即基督教,改革叫做“The Refor mation”。伊丽莎白一世时期,伊丽莎白为女王统治英国,她是基督教徒,大力推行新教,从此英国都是信奉新教。

专八人文知识讲义

专八人文知识讲义

Unit One English Literature and American Literature

Section One English Literature

1. The Renaissance is actually a movement stimulated by a series of historical events, such as the rediscovery of ancient Rome and Greek culture, new discovery in geography and astrology and the religious reformation and the economic expansion.

2. The Pilgrim’s Progress(天路历程)is regarded as the most successful religious allegory in the English language.

3. Among the representatives of the Enlightenment, Alexander Pope (蒲柏)was the first to introduce rationalism to England.

4. Generally speaking, the Renaissance refers to the period between the 14th and mid-17th centuries, its essence is humanism.

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专八人文知识必背
1. A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens.
2. Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation. 音位学; 在语言或一门语言中,对有关其分类和模式以及为大家所默认的发音规则的研究音韵学, 音系学
3. Syntax: The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences. 句法,研究词或其它句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科
4. Semantics: The study or science of meaning in language forms.语义学,以语言形式表示意思的研究或科学
5. acronym : 首字母组合词,首字母缩略词,比如,NATO, UNESCO, BASIC,它们可以连拼,但VOA是 Initialism。
6. Metonymy: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power. 换喻或转喻,一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法,如用华盛顿代替美==或用剑代替军事力量,对面来了三个“红领巾”也是,以红领巾指代少先队员。
7. Simile: A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduced by like or as, as in How like the winter hath my absence been or So are you to my thoughts as food to life (Shakespeare).明喻, 一种修辞手法,把两种基本不相像的东西进行比较,通常在由 like或 as引导的短语中,如 “我的离开好象是冬天来临”或“你对我的思想就象食物对于生命一样重要”(莎士比亚)
8. Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison, as in a sea of troubles or All the world's a stage(Shakespeare) 隐喻一种语言表达手法,通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物,从而暗示它们之间的相似之处,如 “忧愁之海”或“整个世界一台戏”(莎士比亚) the ship of desert 沙漠之舟
9. Oxymoron: A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined, as in a deafening silence and a mournful optimist. 矛盾修饰法, 一种把互相矛盾或不调和的词合在一起的修辞手法,如在 震耳欲聋的沉默和悲伤的乐观 cruel kindness
10. The affection name given to the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament, Westminster is Big Ben.
11. John Milton the poet wrote of Adam and Eve’s expulsion from the Garden of Eden in Paradise Lost. Paradise Regained was also written by him.
12. Sonnet: A 14-line verse form usually having one of several conventional rhyme schemes. 十四行诗体, 一种由十四

行组成的诗歌形式,通常有一种传统的押韵形式, 莎士比亚用过此诗体。
13. Slang: A kind of language occurring chiefly in casual and playful speech, made up typically of short-lived coinages and figures of speech that are deliberately used in place of standard terms for added raciness, humor, irreverence, or other effect. 俚语主要出现在非正式的、游戏性的话语中的一种语言,基本由存在时间很短的派生词和修辞构成,它们被故意地用来取代标准的词语以达到生动、幽默、无礼或其它效果
14. Catch Phrase: A phrase in wide or popular use, especially one serving as a slogan for a group or movement. 警句,妙句,吸引人的词句广泛使用的或流行的用语,尤指用作集团或运动的口号的用语。
15. Jargon: The specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar group. 行话, 一个行业、职业或类似的团体中使用的专业的或技术的语言.
16. Platitude: A trite or banal remark or statement, especially one expressed as if it were original or significant. 陈腔滥调, 陈腐的或平庸的评论或陈述,尤指某人表述它时好象它是新颖的或有意义的
17. Hyperbole: A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect, as in I could sleep for a year or This book weighs a ton. 夸张法,一种比喻,使用夸张来强调或产生某种效果,比如在我能睡一年或这书有一吨重
18. onomatopoeia: The formation or use of words such as buzz or murmur that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to. 象声词, 词的构成或用法,例如 buzz或 nurmur模仿事物或行动的声音.
19. hypotaxis: 从属关系
20. parataxis: 并列结构,指 短语或分句间不用连词, 如:I came, I saw, I conquered.
21. Transcendentalism: A literary and philosophical movement, associated with Ralph Waldo Emerson and Margaret Fuller, asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and scientific and is knowable through intuition. 超验主义, 一种文学和哲学运动,与拉尔夫?沃尔多?爱默生和玛格丽特?富勒有关,宣称存在一种理想的精神实体,超越于经验和科学之处,通过直觉得以把握
22. Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote the Scarlet Letter. 美国
23. Morphology: The study of the structure and form of words in language or a language, including inflection, derivation, and the formation of compounds.词法,词态学,形态音位学, 语言或某一语言中对于单词的结构和形式的研究,包括词尾变化、派生和合成词的构成
24. affricate: A complex speech sound consisting of a stop consonant辅音 followed by a fricative摩擦; for example, the initial sounds of child and joy. 塞擦音由闭塞音伴随着摩擦音而形成的复杂的语音;例如 child和 joy的

第一个音Also called: affricative.
25. Vanity Fair 名利场 was written William Makepeace Thackray
1. A Tale of Two Cities was written by Charles Dickens.
2. Phonology: The study of speech sounds in language or a language with reference to their distribution and patterning and to tacit rules governing pronunciation. 音位学; 在语言或一门语言中,对有关其分类和模式以及为大家所默认的发音规则的研究音韵学, 音系学
3. Syntax: The study of the rules whereby words or other elements of sentence structure are combined to form grammatical sentences. 句法,研究词或其它句子成分如何联合起来形成合乎语法的句子规则的学科
4. Semantics: The study or science of meaning in language forms.语义学,以语言形式表示意思的研究或科学
5. acronym : 首字母组合词,首字母缩略词,比如,NATO, UNESCO, BASIC,它们可以连拼,但VOA是 Initialism。
6. Metonymy: A figure of speech in which one word or phrase is substituted for another with which it is closely associated, as in the use of Washington for the United States government or of the sword for military power. 换喻或转喻,一种,一个词或词组被另一个与之有紧密联系的词或词组替换的修辞方法,如用华盛顿代替美==或用剑代替军事力量,对面来了三个“红领巾”也是,以红领巾指代少先队员。
7. Simile: A figure of speech in which two essentially unlike things are compared, often in a phrase introduced by like or as, as in How like the winter hath my absence been or So are you to my thoughts as food to life (Shakespeare).明喻, 一种修辞手法,把两种基本不相像的东西进行比较,通常在由 like或 as引导的短语中,如 “我的离开好象是冬天来临”或“你对我的思想就象食物对于生命一样重要”(莎士比亚)
8. Metaphor: A figure of speech in which a word or phrase that ordinarily designates one thing is used to designate another, thus making an implicit comparison, as in a sea of troubles or All the world's a stage(Shakespeare) 隐喻一种语言表达手法,通常用指某物的词或词组来指代他物,从而暗示它们之间的相似之处,如 “忧愁之海”或“整个世界一台戏”(莎士比亚) the ship of desert 沙漠之舟
9. Oxymoron: A rhetorical figure in which incongruous or contradictory terms are combined, as in a deafening silence and a mournful optimist. 矛盾修饰法, 一种把互相矛盾或不调和的词合在一起的修辞手法,如在 震耳欲聋的沉默和悲伤的乐观 cruel kindness
10. The affection name given to the clock tower of the Houses of Parliament, Westminster is Big Ben.
11. John Milton the poet wrote of Adam and Eve’s expulsion from the Garden of Eden in Paradise Lost. Parad
该文章转载自无忧考网:/show.asp?id=383688&Page=1

dise Regained was also written by him.
12. Sonnet: A 14-line verse form usually having one of several conventional rhyme schemes. 十四行诗体, 一种由十四行组成的诗歌形式,通常有一种传统的押韵形式, 莎士比亚用过此诗体。
13. Slang: A kind of language occurring chiefly in casual and playful speech, made up typically of short-lived coinages and figures of speech that are deliberately used in place of standard terms for added raciness, humor, irreverence, or other effect. 俚语主要出现在非正式的、游戏性的话语中的一种语言,基本由存在时间很短的派生词和修辞构成,它们被故意地用来取代标准的词语以达到生动、幽默、无礼或其它效果
14. Catch Phrase: A phrase in wide or popular use, especially one serving as a slogan for a group or movement. 警句,妙句,吸引人的词句广泛使用的或流行的用语,尤指用作集团或运动的口号的用语。
15. Jargon: The specialized or technical language of a trade, profession, or similar group. 行话, 一个行业、职业或类似的团体中使用的专业的或技术的语言.
16. Platitude: A trite or banal remark or statement, especially one expressed as if it were original or significant. 陈腔滥调, 陈腐的或平庸的评论或陈述,尤指某人表述它时好象它是新颖的或有意义的
17. Hyperbole: A figure of speech in which exaggeration is used for emphasis or effect, as in I could sleep for a year or This book weighs a ton. 夸张法,一种比喻,使用夸张来强调或产生某种效果,比如在我能睡一年或这书有一吨重
18. onomatopoeia: The formation or use of words such as buzz or murmur that imitate the sounds associated with the objects or actions they refer to. 象声词, 词的构成或用法,例如 buzz或 nurmur模仿事物或行动的声音.
19. hypotaxis: 从属关系
20. parataxis: 并列结构,指 短语或分句间不用连词, 如:I came, I saw, I conquered.
21. Transcendentalism: A literary and philosophical movement, associated with Ralph Waldo Emerson and Margaret Fuller, asserting the existence of an ideal spiritual reality that transcends the empirical and scientific and is knowable through intuition. 超验主义, 一种文学和哲学运动,与拉尔夫?沃尔多?爱默生和玛格丽特?富勒有关,宣称存在一种理想的精神实体,超越于经验和科学之处,通过直觉得以把握
22. Nathaniel Hawthorne wrote the Scarlet Letter. 美国
23. Morphology: The study of the structure and form of words in language or a language, including inflection, derivation, and the formation of com
该文章转载自无忧考网:/show.asp?id=383688&Page=2pounds.词法,词态学,形态音位学, 语言或某一语言中对于单词的结构和形式的研究,包括词尾变化、派生和合成词的构成

24. affricate: A complex speech sound consisting of a stop consonant辅音 followed by a fricative摩擦; for example, the initial sounds of child and joy. 塞擦音由闭塞音伴随着摩擦音而形成的复杂的语音;例如 child和 joy的第一个音Also called: affricative.
25. Vanity Fair 名利场 was written William Makepeace Thackray

该文章转载自无忧考网:/show.asp?id=383688&Page=326. Neil Armstrong was the first person to walk on the moon. Edwin Aldrin, Michael Collins
尼尔.阿姆斯特朗、埃德温.奥尔德林、迈克尔.柯林斯
27. The title of the national anthem 国歌 of Canada is O Canada. 此种类型题同学们可自己多找几个国家。
28. Henry David Thoreau’s work, Walden, has always been regarded as a masterpiece of New England Transcendentalism.
29. etymology: the history of a word. 词源学
30. The dominant accent in the United States is General American. 除纽约市、南方、新英格兰
31. John Lennon is a member of the band of Beatles 披头士或甲壳虫乐队in the 1960s.
32. In Gulliver’s Travels格列佛游记, Jonathan Swift describes the island of the Houyhnhnms as the world’s most perfect society. 有理智和人性的马 Houyhnhnms are horses in fact.
33. Ceoffrey Chaucer wrote Canterbury Tales in fourteenth century.
34. morpheme: A meaningful linguistic unit consisting of a word, such as man, or a word element, such as -ed in walked, that cannot be divided into smaller meaningful parts. 词素, 一种含有一个单词的有意义的语言单位,如 -ed在单词 walked中,不能被划分为更小的有意义单位
35. The name of the famous stadium露天体育场 in the north of London is Wembley.
36. Wimbledon温布尔登[英国英格兰东南部城市](位于伦敦附近, 是著名的国际网球比赛地)
37. Toad in the hole is a Traditional English recipe食谱, originating from Yorkshire, a county in the north of England. 烤面拖牛肉,,面拖烤香肠
38. Boycott: To act together in abstaining from using, buying, or dealing with as an expression of protest or disfavor or as a means of coercion(强制). 联合抵制, 联合起来拒绝使用、购买或经销以示抗议、不满或作为强制的手段
39. Segregation: The policy and practice of imposing the social separation of races, as in schools, housing, and industry, especially so as to practice discrimination against people of color in a predominantly white society. 种族隔离, 强制实行种族的社会分离政策及实践,如在学校、居住和工业中,尤指在白人居多的社会中实行有色人种歧视的政策
40. Apartheid: An official policy of racial segregation practiced in the Republic of South Africa, involving political, legal, and economic discrimination against nonwhites. 种族隔离制, 南非共和国实行的一种

官方的种族隔离政策,包括在政治、法律和经济诸方面对非白色人种的歧视.
41. Integration: The bringing of people of different racial or ethnic groups into unrestricted and equal association, as in society or an organization; desegregation. 种族或宗教融合, 在社会或组织中,使不同的种族或宗教派别的人处于无限制的平等的关系中;取消种族隔离
42. The majority of French-speaking Canadians live in Quebec.
43. Sir Thomas More coined the word “Utopia”, it means nowhere land in Greek.
44. The Hemingway Code heroes are best remembered for their indestructible spirit.
45. Phoneme: any one of the set of smallest distinctive speech sounds in a language that distinguish one word from another 音位,音素, 语言中最小的语音单位,如英语里 mat中的 m和 bat中的 b
46. polysemy: 一词多义
47. patron saint:保护圣徒, 守护神
48. Parentese: 父母语
49. back formation: 逆构词 脱落一词的词缀以构成新词 typewriter → typewrite
50. allomorph: Any of the variant forms of a morpheme. For example, the phonetic s of cats, z of dogs, and z of horses and the en of oxen are allomorphs of the English plural morpheme. 语素变体, 语素的一种变体形式,如语音学的中之 s在 cats中,z在 dogs中,和 iz在 horses中,还有 en在 oxen中都是英语复数语素的语素变体.

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