高三复习导学案 虚拟语气

平度九中高二英语导学案虚拟语气的用法审核：赵晓峰执笔人：王旭东学习目标：1.掌握虚拟语气的基本结构和用法2. 尝试使用虚拟语气的句子教法：讲练结合试刀翻译I wish you were more careful ____________________If I had more money, I would buy a bigger apartment.___________1. 虚拟语气可以表示过去，现在和将来，时态的基本特点是时态退步有时，主句与从句的动作发生在不同的时间，主句从句谓语动词的虚拟语气形式因时间不同而不同，这种条件句叫做混合条件句If you had asked him yesterday, you would know what to do now. 如果你昨天问过他，今天就知道做什么了。

（从句与____事实相反，主句与____事实相反。

）(1) If it had rained last night, it would be very cold today）-._____________________________________。

(2) If you‟d listened to me , you wouldn‟t be in such trouble now ._____________________________________________(3) If the doctor had come in time , Any would still be alive .____________________________________________4.介词及介词短语but that, as（if）though, once , but for, without , with , under , under…condition , supposing , suppose , on condition that 等(1)________his pension , he would starve .要不是有养老金，他都要饿死了(2)Without your help , _______________ all this .要不是有你帮助我不会取得这些成就With his aid , you would succeed .__________________________Plants would die without water on the earth . _________________5. 连词otherwise, or, but(1)He would have given you more help , but he has been so busy ._________________________________________________________________(2)Seize the chance , _________ you would regret it . 如果不抓住这个机会，你会后悔的。

He felt very tired yesterday , _____________________ . 他昨天觉得很累，不然会帮你的6. 通过分词短语表示条件Given more time, we could have done it better. ____________________________(译)7、虚拟语气在宾语从句中的运用1. 虚拟语气用在would rather，would prefer（希望）等后接的宾语从句中。

意指某人宁愿让另一个人做某事，其后的宾语从句的谓语动词需用虚拟语气。

若表示现在或将来要做某事，从句谓语动词需用一般过去时，表示过去已经做的事，从句谓语动词用过去完成时。

To be frank，I'd rather you were not involved in the case.(译)_______________________________________I'd rather you didn't make any comment on the issue for the time being．_______________________________________。

【点拨】①若某人愿自己做某事，would rather后用动词原形___________________________________（我宁可呆在家里）② would rather．．．than．．．中用动词原形____________________________________(我宁可呆在家里不出去)2. 在表示命令、建议、要求等一类动词后面的从句中，像order, suggest, propose, require, demand, request, insist, command,insist + （should）doI suggest that ________________________ 我建议下周召开个会议。

He insisted that ____________________ there.他要求被派到那儿去。

【点拨】如suggest, insist不表示"建议" 或"坚持要某人做某事时"，即它们用于其本意"暗示、表明"、"坚持认为"时，宾语从句用陈述语气。

3. wish的用法I wish __________________________________________.我希望和你一样高He wished _____________________________________. 他希望他没讲过那样的话I wish that _____________________________________________ . 要是雨停就好了（选学）8、虚拟语气用在表语从句或同位语从句中当某些表示建议、请求、命令等主观意向的名词作主语时，其后的表语从句或同位语从句需用虚拟语气，其表达形式为should ＋动词原形或直接用动词原形。

这类名词常见的有：advice，suggestion，proposal，order，demand，desire，request，requirement，aim , wish , plan，idea，等。

(1)We are all for your proposal that the discussion______________________．我们都赞成你提出的将讨论延期的建议。

Any proposals that John should be dismissed must be resisted .___________________________________________________（选学）九、在主语从句中的应用It is / was + necessary + that + 主语+ should + 加动词原形，should 可省略，表示建议、命令、请求、道歉、怀疑、惊奇等可用的词有important, necessary, natural, strange , a pity, a shame, no wonder , essential （必要的）, vital (重要的、至关重要的), fitting（合适的、适宜的）, better , best , appropriate , recommended …It is vital that enough money be collected to fund the project．_________________________________________________。

十、虚拟语气在其他状语从句中的使用1. 虚拟语气用在目的状语从句中在由lest（唯恐，以免）, for fear that , in order that , in case of 等引导的目的状语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“以防，以免”等意思，其谓语动词多由should / could / might + 动词原形构成，should也可省略。

He was punished lest he should make the same mistake again．________________________________________________I will not make a noise for fear that _________________________.我不会出声的，以免打扰他He put his coat over his son in case he should catch cold .________________________________________________2. 虚拟语气在方式状语从句中在as if（as though）引导的方式状语从句中，常用虚拟语气，表示…似乎，好象‟的意思，其动词形式与wish后接宾语从句中的形式相同。

Alan talked about Rome as if he were a Roman．___________________________________________I feel ___________________ younger . 我觉得我仿佛年轻了10岁He talks about pyramids as though ___________ them himself . 他谈起金字塔来，就好象亲眼见过似的十一、虚拟语气的其他形式1.在书面语中，如果条件从句含有were, had, should，可将连词if 省略，再将were, had 或should 移至句首，构成非真实条件句的倒装语序Were I not busy, I would have come. 假如我不忙，我就会来了。

（更好的），probable（可能的），strange（奇怪的），urgent（紧迫的），vital（极为重要的）。

Had__________________________________________________________。

2. 虚拟语气用在It is（about ／high）time ＋that定语从句中在It is（about／high）time ＋that定语从句中需用虚拟语气，表示“该做……的时候了”，其动词形式用一般过去时或should ＋动词原形It's already 5 o'clock now,Don't you think it's about time _________________---？已经5点钟了，你不认为我们应该回家了吗？3. 比较if only与only ifonly if表示"只有"；if only则表示"如果……就好了"。