On the Translation Techniques of English Attributive Clause
12.被动语态的译法
（一） 把被动语态译成汉语被动句
6. 使用“（遭）受”字样 The American scholars were given a hearty welcome in Tsinghua University. 这些美国学者在清华大学受到热烈欢迎。 She was not affected by the noise outside and was absorbed in reading her novel. 她不受外面嘈杂声的影响，完全沉浸在她的小说中。 Our foreign policy is supported by the people all over world. 我们的外交政策受到全世界人民的支持。
（一） 把被动语态译成汉语被动句
2. 在谓语前面省略“被”字 在行为主体没有出现的汉语被动句中，当其被动意义非常明 显时，汉语习惯上不使用“被”字。 This kind of instrument must be handled with great care. 这种仪器操作要非常小心。 All these factors ought to be taken into consideration. 所有这些因素都应当考虑。 So far no conclusion has been arrived at. 到目前为止还没有得出结论。 In this sense, bad things can be turned into good things. 从这一点上来说，坏事也可以变成好事。
有了钱，就会以钱谋权。
（三） 把被动语态译成汉语无主句 If water is heated, the molecules move more quickly.
如果把水加热，水分子就运动得更快。
Care should be taken at all times to protect these sophisticated instruments from dust and damp.
翻译论文选题方向汇总
The Characteristics of Athletic English and Its Translation 体育英语的特点及翻译翻译？The Semantic Contrast of Color Words between English and Chinese and their T r a n s l a t i o n 中英颜色词的语义对比及翻译翻译？Chinese Reduplicated Words and their Translation into English 汉语叠词及其英译翻译？B r a n d T r a n s l a t i o n 商标翻译翻译？On Translating Methods of Numerals between Chinese and English中英数字的翻译方法翻译？Literal and Free Translation in the Translation of Advertisement Headlines a n d S l o g a n s 广告用语的直译和意译翻译？O n t h e T r a n s l a t i o n o fC h i n e s e T r a d e M a r k i n t o E n g l i s h 中文商标的英译翻译？C u l t u r eD i f f e r e n c e s a n d T r a n s l a t i o n文化差异和翻译翻译？C h a r a c t e c i s t i c s a n d T r a n s l a t i o n o f A d v e n t i s e m e n t 广告英语的特征及其翻译翻译？P r i n c i p l e s a n d M e t h o d s o n B r a n d-T r a n s l a t i o n 商标翻译的原则和方法翻译？The Study on Features of Advertising and its Translation 广告语的点及其翻译翻译？Non-Correspondence in English-Chinese Translation of Color Words中英文翻译中颜色词的非对应翻译？A S t u d y o n t h e T r a n s l a t i o n o f M o v i e T i t l e s 电影片名的翻译翻译？On the Cultural Signification of Animal Idioms and Translation 动物俚语文化含义与翻译翻译？T h e T r a n s l a t i o n o f C o l o r T e r m s 试论颜色词的翻译翻译？A comparative Study of the Old Man and the Sea---Concerning the Perfection i n L i t e r a r y T r a n s l a t i o n《老人与海》译文比较－谈影响文学翻译完美性的因素翻译？On the Translation of Advertisement ――From the Perspective Of F u n c t i o n a l i s t T h e o r y 从功能派理论角度看广告翻译翻译？Influence of Cultural Differences on Translation of Idioms文化差异与习语翻译翻译？Foreignizing and Domesticating Translations in Cross-cultural Vision 跨文化视野中的异化和归化翻译翻译？The S ub jec t an d To pi c in Ch in e se-En gl ish T ra n sla ti on Sh ift 汉译英中的主位与话题翻译？The Loss of Affective Meaning in Translatio n ―from the Perspective of C u l t u r a l D i f f e r e n c e s 从文化差异的角度看翻译中情感意义的丢失翻译？On the Explicitness and Implicitness of Conjunctions in English-Chinese T r a n s l a t i o n P r o c e s s 论连词再英汉翻译中的显性和隐性存在翻译？Approaching Domestication and Foreignization in Translation from a F u n c t i o n a l P e r s p e c t i v e从功能翻译角度看归化与异化翻译？O n T r a n s l a t i o n o f I d i o m s？论习语的翻译翻译？Translation of Chinese Receipts and the Differences of Cookery Culture b e t w e e n C h i n e s e a n d E n g l i s h-s p e a k i n g C o u n t r i e s 中餐菜谱的英译及中西饮食文化差异翻译？O n t h e U n t r a n s l a t a b i l i t y d u e t o C u l t u r a l D i f f e r e n c e s 不可译现象在中英文化差异中的体现翻译？E x t r a-l i n g u i s t i c C o n t e x t a n d T r a n s l a t i o n 非语言语境与翻译翻译？C o m p a r i s o n a n d T r a n s l a t i o n o f C h i n e s e a n d E n g l i s h I d i o m s 汉英习语对比与翻译翻译？On Translation of Chinese and English Idioms from Cultural Perceptives 从文化的角度谈英汉习语的翻译翻译？Cultural Differences Between English and Chinese Idioms And Translation 中英文习语翻译中的文化差异比较翻译？Impact of Culture Differences on Brand Translation of Trademarks 文化差异对商标翻译的影响翻译？C u l t u r a l C o n t e x t a n d T h e T r a n s l a t i o n o f M e t a p h o r s 文化语境和隐喻的翻译翻译？Conversion of Part of Speech in English-Chinese Translation 英译汉中词类的转换翻译？Foreignizing and Domesticating strategies in Cross-cultural Translation 跨文化翻译中的异化与归化策略翻译？A Study of the Chinese-English Translation of Trademarks 浅谈商标的汉英翻译翻译？How To deal with culture-loaded words in idiom s translation 习语翻译中文化词的处理翻译？C u l t u r a l C o n n o t a t i o n a n d T r a n s l a t i o n f o r C o l o r W o r d s 颜色词的文化内涵与翻译翻译？T h e T r a n s l a t i o n o f E n g l i s h L o a n w o r d s i n t o C h i n e s e 英语外来词汉化的基本途径翻译？When in Rome do as the Romans do——On translation of Chinese trademarks i n t o E n g l i s h？入乡随俗——论中文商标的英译翻译？Cultural differences and Translation between Chinese and English Idioms 汉英习语的文化差异与翻译翻译？F o r e i g n i z a t i o n I n T r a n s l a t i o n i n t h e21s t i n C h i n a 21世纪中国的异化翻译翻译？The Transfer of Culture Image and of English and Chinese Idioms in T r a n s l a t i n g 论英汉习语翻译中的文化意象的转化翻译？Basic Strategy for Advertisement Translation-Target-language Oriented S t r a t e g y？广告翻译的基本策略－－以目的语言为取向的翻译策略翻译？Lexical Rhetorical Devices in English-Chinese Translation？英汉翻译中的词义修辞格翻译？T h e C r i t e r i a o f t h e T r a n s l a t i o n o f C o m p u t e r E n g l i s h 计算机英语的翻译标准翻译？C o m p r e h e n s i o n:A V e r y I m p o r t a n t P a r t o f T r a n s l a t i o n 理解：翻译中不可或缺的一部分翻译？T h e T r a n s l a t i o n o f t h e B r a n d N a m e？商标名称的翻译翻译？S t r a t e g i e s f o r T r a n s l a t i o n g E n g l i s h S l a n g i n t o C h i n e s e 英语俚语汉译的技巧翻译？C u l t u r a l F a c t o r s i n t h e T r a n s l a t i o n o f P o e m s 诗歌翻译中的文化因素翻译？C u l t u r a lD i f f e r e n c e s a n d t h e T r a n s l a t i o n o f B r a n d N a m e s 文化差异与商标翻译翻译？C u l t u r a lD i f f e r e n c e s a n d U n t r a n s l a t a b i l i t y 文化差异和不可译性翻译？C u l t u r a lD i f f e r e n c e s a n d V o c a b u l a r y T r a n s l a t i o n 文化差异及词汇翻译翻译？T h e A p p l i c a t i o n o f F u z z i n e s s i n t h e T r a n s l a t i o n 翻译中的模糊语现象翻译？Translator as Artist -Translator's Individuality in Literary Translation 译者作为一位艺术家--论文学翻译中的译者个性翻译？T h e T r a n s l a t i o n o f M o v i e T i t l e s电影名的翻译翻译？Translating the English Verbs into Chinese 英语动词的汉译翻译？C o l o u r W o r d s a n d t h e T r a n s l a t i o n 颜色词及其翻译翻译？D o m e s t i c a t i o n a n d F o r e i g n i z a t i o n i n T h e B o o k o f S o n g s 诗经翻译的归化和异化翻译？C u l t u r a l C o m p a r i s o n a n d I d i o m s T r a n s l a t i o n 文化对比与习语的翻译翻译？Social-cultural Context and the Translator’s Choice of Words ——A C o m p a r i s o n o f T w o C h i n e s e V e r s i o n s o f J a n e E y r e 社会文化背景和译者的选词——对简爱两种译本的比较翻译？T h e E f f e c t T h a t N o n-l i n g u i s t i c C o n t e x t H a s o n T r a n s l a t i o n 非语言语境在翻译中的作用翻译？C u l t u r a l G a p s b e t w e e n E n g l i s h a n d C h i n e s e I d i o m s a n d T h e i r T r a n s l a t i o n英汉习语的文化差异及其翻译翻译？W o r d s T r a n s l a t i o n b e t w e e n D i f f e r e n t C u l t u r e s 不同文化中词汇的翻译翻译？O n C u l t u r a l D i f f e r e n c e s a n d I d i o m T r a n s l a t i o n 文化差异与习语翻译翻译？On Translation of English Trademarks Into Chinese----On Beauty In Sense S o u n d A n d F o r m 浅谈英文商标的汉译－－意美、音美、形美翻译？S o m e o f t h e W a y s t o I d i o m T r a n s l a t i o n习语翻译法翻译？Paralanguage and Literature Translation -With Reflections on the Version o f D r e a m o f R e d M a n s i o n s？副语言与文学翻译－－对《红楼梦》译本的思考翻译？Methods of Translating Color Words Based on Cultural Differences between C h i n e s e a n d E n g l i s h翻译？C u l t u r e-g a p W o r d s a n d t h e T r a n s l a t i o n 文化空缺词及其翻译翻译？U n d e r s t a n d i n g-t h e K e y t o T r a n s l a t i o n理解是翻译的关键翻译？A Brief Talk about Two Approaches to the Translation of Metaphor浅谈隐喻翻译的两种方法翻译？A G l i m p s e o f E n g l i s h F i l m T i t l e T r a n s l a t i o n？英语电影名翻译一瞥翻译？Social-cultural Differences and the Translator’s Choice of Words 社会文化差异与译者的选词翻译？The Application of Domestication and Foreignization in the Translation of C u l t u r e？文化翻译中归化与异化的应用翻译？C u l t u r a lD i f f e r e n c e s a n d U n t r a n s l a t a b i l i t y 文化差异与不可译性翻译？T h e C o n t e x t i n R e l a t i o n t o T r a n s l a t i o n 语境与翻译翻译？F e m a l e a n d T r a n s l a t i o n？女性与翻译翻译？Effects of Difference between the Chinese and Western Cultures on T r a n s l a t i o n？中西文化差异对于翻译的影响翻译？The Cultural Differences and Translation of English and Chinese Idioms？英汉习语的文化差异与翻译翻译？C u l t u r a l G a p s a n d T r a n s l a t i o n L i m i t a t i o n 文化差异与翻译局限翻译？The Approaches to Proverb Translation in Cultural Context从文化语境谈谚语翻译翻译？A l l u s i o n T r a n s l a t i o n i n S o n g P o e m s 宋词典故的翻译翻译？B l i n d S p o t s i n E n g l i s h P r o v e r b s T r a n s l a t i o n 英谚汉译中的盲点的探讨翻译？A d v e r t i s e m e n t T r a n s l a t i o n？广告翻译翻译？Differences Between Chinese Headline and English Headline aswell as Their T r a n s l a t i o n？论中英文新闻标题的差异与翻译翻译？O n t h e M i s t r a n s l a t i o n o f I d i o m s 习语的误译翻译？The influence of Culture onthe Translation of Advertisements 文化对广告翻译的影响翻译？O n E n g l i s h I d i o m s a n d T h e i r T r a n s l a t i o n 英语习用语的翻译翻译？O n t h e T r a n s l a t i o n S t r a t e g y o f C h i n e s e C l a s s i c s ----With Special Reference to Arthur Waley’s English Version of THE A N A L E C T S 浅谈中国典籍的翻译策略----从阿瑟威利的《论语》译本悟其翻译之道翻译？C u l t u r a lD i f f e r e n c e s a n d U n t r a n s l a t a b i l i t y 文化差异与不可译性翻译？Unveil the Cultural Elements of English --On the Translation of English I d i o m s 揭开英语中文化因子的面纱——浅谈英语习语的翻译翻译？A d a p t a t i o n A n d A l i e n a t i o n i n I n t e r c u l t u r a l T r a n s l a t i o n 跨文化翻译中的归化与异化翻译？C u l tu r al Co n no ta t i on an d T r an sl a t io n o f E-C An i m al Wo r ds？英汉动物词的文化内涵及翻译翻译？A B r i e f T a l k o n T r a d e m a r k s T r a n s l a t i o n 浅谈商标翻译翻译？On the Translation of English and Chinese Proverbs from the Perspective of I n t e r c u l t u r a l C o m m u n i c a t i o n 从跨文化交际角度谈英汉谚语翻译翻译？Cross-cultural Awareness in Translating Tourist Materials from Chinese into E n g l i s h 中文旅游资料英译的跨文化意识翻译？Connotative Comparison and Translation of Chinese “Hong” and English “R e d”？论中英文红色内涵意义对比及其翻译方法翻译？On the Principles of Equivalence in the Translation of English Idioms into C h i n e s e a n d T h e i r P r a c t i c a l A p p l i c a t i o n英语成语翻译中的对等原则及具体应用翻译？T r a n s l a t i o n o f A n i m a l W o r d s？动物词语的翻译翻译？On Cultural Factors in English and Chinese Trademark Translation and Four T r a n s l a t i o n M e t h o d s 英汉商标翻译中的文化因素及四种翻译方法翻译？O n t h e C o m p r e h e n s i o n a n d T r a n s l a t i o n o f E n g l i s h P r o v e r b s 论英语谚语的理解与翻译翻译？T h e I n f l u e n c e o f C h r i s t i a n C u l t u r e o n T r a n s l a t i o n？基督教文化对翻译的影响翻译？C u l t u r a lD i f f e r e n c e s a n d I d i o m T r a n s l a t i o n 文化差异和成语翻译翻译？The Subjectivity of the Translator in Literary Translation？文学翻译中的译者主体性翻译？How to Teach English in Communicative Way in Middle School 交际法教学在中学英语课堂中的运用翻译？C u l t u r a lD i f f e r e n c e s a n d T r a n s p l a n t a t i o n i n T r a n s l a t i o n文化差异和翻译中的文化移植翻译？Translation of English Advertisement under Aesthetic Principles of R h e t o r i c？英语广告翻译与修辞格美学原则翻译？A S t u d y o n t h e T r a n s l a t i o n o f t h e E n g l i s h I d i o m s 关于英语习语翻译的研究翻译？T h e I n f l u e n c e o f F e m i n i s m o n T r a n s l a t i o n 女性主义对翻译的影响翻译？On the Role of Context in Literal Translation and Free Translation谈语境在直译和意译中的作用翻译？The Cultural Differences and Translation of English & Chinese Idioms英汉习语的文化差异与翻译翻译？On the Differences between Eastern and Western Cultures Viewed From Proverb Translation？从英汉谚语翻译看东西方文化的差异翻译？Idioms’ Practice and Translation in Advertising？习语在广告中的应用与翻译翻译？On Translating English Movie Titles into Chinese浅谈英语电影片名的汉译翻译？Application of Functional Equivalence in Translating English Humor？功能对等理论在翻译英语幽默中的运用翻译？On the Impact of Translation on Chinese Culture？--- To Cherish Chinese Culture翻译对中国文化的影响 --- 保护中国文化翻译？On the Role of Negation in Translation正反表达在翻译中的作用翻译？The Importance of Cultural Factors in Translation翻译中文化因素的重要性翻译？Probing the Translation of Classical Chinese Poems from the Perspective of "Three Beauties"从＂三美＂的角度探究中国古典诗歌之英译翻译？Cultural Differences and Translation of English Idioms？文化差异与英语习语的翻译翻译？Cultural Strategies for CE/EC Proverb Translation: Domestication and Foreignization英汉谚语互译的文化策略：归化与异化翻译？A Comparative Study of Two English Versions of One of Tao Yuanming’s Set Poems Drinking Wine？对陶渊明《饮酒》组诗之一的两个英译本的比较研究翻译？A Brief Discussion Of the Active Role of the Translation Subject 翻译主体能动作用简析翻译？Cultural Aphasia in C-E Translation of Brand Names？商标英译中的文化失语现象翻译？A Brief Talk about Some of the Skills Used in Advertisement Translation？浅谈广告翻译中的某些技巧翻译？Strategies for Movie Subtitling电影字幕翻译的策略翻译？On the Transplantation and Translation of Brand Name from Chinese into English中文商标英译的文化移植翻译？The Characteristics, Culture Differences of Idioms and the Translation？习语的特点和文化差异及其翻译翻译？Intercultural Communication in Translation of Brand Names商标翻译中的跨文化交流翻译？On the Thranslation of English Set Phrases with Cultural Features into Chinese论带有文化特征的英语成语的翻译翻译？The Translation of Chinese Idioms into English？汉语习语的英译翻译？The Effect of Different Culture on IdiomTranslation文化差异对习语翻译的影响翻译？On The Translation Of Tourist Brochures -----From The Perspective Of Skopos Theory？目的性理论与旅游手册的翻译翻译？Public Visual Threshold’s Limitation to Translation公共视域对翻译解释的限制性翻译？Translating the Style of Literary Works – A Preliminary Study of Dong Qiusi’s Version of David Copperfield？文学作品的风格翻译–董秋斯译〈大卫科波菲尔〉初探翻译？On Culture Differences in English-Chinese Translation？论英汉翻译中的文化差异翻译？On the Cultural Differences in Translation Viewed from Tourist Text从旅游文本探究翻译中的中西文化差异翻译？Metaphor Phrase -- Culture Factors and Translation隐喻性词语的文化因素及其翻译翻译？A Brief Talk about Chinese Body-related idioms and Their Translation？浅谈含人体部位词的成语翻译翻译？A Brief Talk about the Relationship between Hypotaxis and Parataxis in Translation浅谈翻译中形合与意合的关系翻译？Analysis on the translation of polysemous words 论翻译中一词多义翻译？Chinese-English Translation of Public Signs from the Perspective of Skopostheorie从目的论角度看公示语的汉英翻译翻译？Cultural Default and Translation？文化缺省与翻译翻译？Cultural Factors in Translation and Their Negative Transfer翻译中的文化因素及其负迁移翻译？Non-equivalence at Word Level and Strategies For Translation？英汉互译中的词汇不对等及其翻译策略翻译？Lin Yutang’s Views on Translation 论林语堂的翻译观翻译？Non-equivalence at Word Level and Strategies For Translation？英汉互译中的词汇不对等及其翻译策略翻译？On Application of Skopostheories in Film Title Translation 目的论在电影名翻译中的运用翻译？On comprehension and translation of the figurative versions论英译汉中英语比喻的理解与翻译翻译？On Cultural Context and Translation？文化语境与翻译翻译？On Cultural Features in Costume Advertisement Translation论服装广告翻译中的文化特征翻译？On Features and Translation of English News Headline英语新闻标题的特点与翻译翻译？On Free Translation Used in Film Caption 论影视字幕翻译中的意译翻译？On Linguistic and Cultural Factors Affecting Comprehension in Translation？论翻译中影响理解的语言和文化因素翻译？On the Adaptation and Alienation of the Idiom Translation？论习语翻译中的归化和异化翻译？On the Alienation in Translation论翻译中的异化翻译？On the Character and Translation of News Headlines 新闻标题的特点与翻译翻译？On the English Versions of Some of Li Bai’s Poems 评李白诗歌英译翻译？On the Linguistic Features of Long Sentences in EST and Translation Techniques论科技英语长句的语言特征及翻译技巧翻译？On The Role Of Word Conversion In Translation 论翻译中词类转换的作用翻译？On the Strategies of Translating English Passive Sentences into Chinese 英语被动句的汉译策略翻译？On English Translation of Public Signs谈公示语的英语翻译翻译？On Translating the Allusions in Six Chapters of a Floating Life: an Intertextuality Approach从互文性角度看《浮生六记》中的典故翻译翻译？On Word Class Conversion in EST Translation科技英语翻译中的词类转换翻译？Syntactical Differences Between English and Chinese and Techniques for Translating English Lengthy Sentences into Chinese英汉句法差异和英语长句的汉译翻译？The Cultural Connotation of Numbers and Translation Strategies论数字的文化内涵与翻译策略翻译？The Effect of Readers on Translation读者在翻译中的作用翻译？The Principles and Strategies of Advertising Translation 广告翻译的原则与策略翻译？The Proper Disposal of News Translation from Chinese to English 汉语新闻英译的适当处理翻译？Translation and Ethical Norms翻译与伦理规范翻译？The Application and Translation of Figure of Speech in English Advertisement 广告中的比喻及其翻译翻译？The Affirmation and Negation in English-Chinese Translation？英汉互译中的正译和反译翻译？On Untranslatability between English and Chinese and Strategies for Their Transformation to Translatability英汉互译中的不可译性及其转化策略翻译？On the Semantic Gaps between English and Chinese and Their Translating Strategies英汉语义空缺现象及其翻译策略翻译？On the Usage of Negation in E-C Translation论英译汉中反译法的使用翻译？A Tentative Study on The Translation of English Movie Titles？经典英文电影片子名翻译翻译？Person and tense in translation of Ancient chinese poems and lyrics？中国古诗词英译中的人称和时态翻译？On the Translation of Numeral Fuzziness翻译中数词的模糊性翻译？The Translation of Names of Places in English and Chinese Idioms浅谈英汉俗语中的地名翻译翻译？Translation of Scientific and Technical Termologies科技术语的翻译翻译？Pragmatic Failure in Advertising Translation and Countermeasures广告翻译的语用事物及其对策翻译？Sino-us culturaldifferences and festival translation？中美文化差异与节日翻译翻译？On Translation of Idioms from the Perspectives of Processing Images 从形象处理角度看习语的翻译翻译？A Study of Translations of Product Instruction产品说明书翻译的研究翻译？Trademark Translation - a Functionalist Approach商标翻译－功能翻译论翻译？Metaphorical Interpretationof English Allusion？英语典故的隐喻阐释翻译？Language Features of Public Speech and Its Translation演讲语言特点及其翻译翻译？The Application of Skopostheorie in Hotel Introduction Translation 目的论在酒店简介翻译中的运用翻译？The Treatment of Cultural Differences in the Translaiton of the Introduction to Scenic Spots旅游景介翻译中文化差异的处理翻译？On functional-equivalence in Advertisement Translation浅析功能对等原则在广告翻译中的运用翻译？The Disposal of Cultural Differences in the English Version of Fortress Beisieged<<围城>>英译本中对文化差异的处理翻译？The Textual Conjunction Types of News English and Their Translation报刊新闻英语篇章连接成分的类型及其翻译翻译？The Features of Public Signs and theStrategies of Their Translation公示语的特点及翻译策略翻译？Critical Comments on the Translation and Retranslation of Gone with the Wind 《飘》的译文与重译文的翻译评论翻译？On the Translation of Animal Words Viewed from the Cultural Differences between English and Chinese？从英汉文化差异看动物词汇的翻译翻译？On the Relationship between Denotation and Connotation in Diction in Translation论翻译中选词的指称意义与蕴涵意义间的关系翻译？The Impact of Cultural Differences on C-E Translation of Public Signs文化差异对公示语汉英翻译的影响翻译？On the Relationship between Diction and Context in Translation论翻译中选词与语境的关系翻译？Attributive Clauses in Translation Viewed from the Relations between Structures and Functions从结构与功能的关系看定语从句的翻译翻译？The Translation of Cosmetic Instruction from the Perspective of Text Typology Theory从文本类型理论角度看化妆品说明书的翻译翻译？A Brief Talk about Some of the Aspects to Avoid Mis collocation in Translation？浅谈翻译中避免词语搭配错误的若干方面翻译？On the Significance of Context in Translation from the Perspective of Mistranslation从误译看语境在翻译中的重要性翻译？Domestication and Foreignization in the Two Versions of Hong Lou Meng 论<<红楼梦>>翻译中的归化和异化翻译？Nonstandard English and Translation论非标准英语的翻译策略翻译？Analysis of Linguistic and Stylistic of two？Chinese Versions of Jane Eyre《简爱》两个中译本语言及文体分析翻译？The Culture-loaded Lexis of the Folk Customs in Chinese History and Translating Strategies中国历史民俗文化负载词及其翻译策略翻译？On the Importance of Diction Viewed from the Approaches to the Character “Chi” in Translation从“吃”的翻译看选词的重要性翻译？On Some of the Cultural Value Differences Between China and Western Countries Reflected in Translation？论中西方文化价值观在翻译中的体现翻译？The C-E Reproduction of Tang Poems Imagery: Strategies and Methods唐诗英译中的意象再现：策略与方法翻译？A Brief Talk on the Application of China English in Translation浅谈中国英语在翻译中的运用翻译浅谈英译汉文学作品翻译的归化与异化英语广告修辞与翻译奈达与纽马克的翻译理论对比英汉文化差异对习语翻译的影响翻译的方法——试谈翻译实践中的几点体会论资源环境科技英语特点及翻译成语翻译中的文化差异从《红楼梦》的两个英译本窥析文化构架下的翻译翻译理论研究的重点：从语言转换到文化审视再到源语、目的语间的平衡品牌名的翻译原则及翻译方法科技英语翻译亦需“雅”浅谈文化差异与英汉成语翻译浅析异化法和归化法在颜色词翻译中的应用西方服饰品牌中的中国传统服饰文化元素的可译性与不可译性文化词汇的重新分类及相应的翻译方法论法律英语的特征及翻译论影响译作的因素翻译中的文化差异与词义偏离新闻翻译中的美学标准与功能翻译理论从信、达、雅看翻译方法论影视剧片名的翻译翻译中的“不可译”现象注重文化差异，巧译英语习语试析心理文化差异与英汉互译从跨文化的角度论广告翻译的策略从法律术语的特征来看法律翻译的准确性原则浅谈英语电影片名的翻译原则英汉翻译中的等效原则应用翻译研究——如何使英文译文更地道英汉语言中颜色词的文化差异及翻译电影标题的交际翻译特性与翻译三原则——从纽马克的交际翻译理论谈起归化和异化：翻译中文化差异的处理创造性在翻译中存在的必然性与价值文化词语的重新划分——浅谈宗教文化词语的翻译语义翻译与交际翻译的区别与应用直译、意译与译者主体性商标名称翻译初探论科技翻译标准多元化英语文化词语的翻译最适合读者的翻译法——根据译作的功能来决定语义翻译和交际翻译方法在实际中的应用翻译理论中的美浅谈语义翻译与交际翻译的区别及运用。
《英汉翻译理论与实践》课程练习及答案
一．英汉翻译理论与实践课程之教案目录第1讲“翻译”溯源第2讲翻译的本质第3讲翻译的标准第4讲翻译面面观第5讲翻译必有“失”/ 失于此而得于彼（两讲合并）第6讲翻译与联想第7讲翻译与语法第8讲翻译与语体第9讲翻译与语篇第10讲英汉十大差异第11讲形合与意合第12讲代词的困惑第13讲Connotation的翻译第14讲翻译与词典第15讲以“模糊”求精确第16讲落笔知轻重译文讲分寸第17讲翻译最难是口吻第18讲翻译与形象思维第19讲翻译与灵感思维第20讲英语修辞的翻译（包括连接三讲）第21讲翻译中的文化冲击第22讲思维是语言的脊梁（两讲合并）第23讲翻译美学之思考（两讲合并）二．汉英翻译理论与实践课程之教案目录第1讲汉译英呼唤文字功力第2讲语篇与翻译第3讲：英汉语美感比读（两讲合并）第4讲：理性概译：翻译之坦途第5讲：英语句式的亮点：非人称主语句（两讲合并）第6讲：汉译英有用的句型（两讲合并）第7讲：类析汉译英常见拙译（三讲合并）第8讲：从“湖光山色”的英译说开去（两讲合并）第9讲：Denotation和Connotation（两讲合并）第10讲：翻译，你的本质是什么？第11讲：归化与异化----汉语习语的英译一．英汉翻译理论与实践课程之练习第1讲“翻译”溯源试将下列文字译成汉语：1/ Translation consists in reproducing in the receptor language the closest natural equivalent of the source language, first in terms of meaning and secondly in terms of style. (Eugene A. Nida & Charles R. Taber: The Theory and Practice of Translation, 1969)2/ Translation may be defined as follows:The replacement of textual material in one language (SL) by equivalent textual material in another language (TL)3/ A translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work. The style and manner of writing should be of the same character as that of the original. A translation should have all the ease of the original composition. (A. F. Tytler: Essay on the Principles of Translation. 1791)参考译文1/ 所谓翻译，是在译语中用最切近的自然的对等语再现原语的信息，首先是意义，其次是文体。
科技英语的翻译技巧PPT课件
对于长句中的修饰语，可以根据中文的表达 习惯调整其顺序，以使译文更加通顺和自然 。
04
Translation Techniques for Scientific
English Discourse
Cultural background considerations
了解源语言和目标语言的文化背景
Translation techniques(里面包含增译法,减译法,转译法,重复译法)
Examples
这种人闹什么东西呢?闹名誉,闹地位,闹出风头。 What are they after? They are after name, after position, and they want to cut smart figure. 大(家庭)有大(家庭)的难处。 A large family has its difficulties. 天苍苍,野茫茫,风吹草低见牛羊。 The sky is blue, blue; And the steppe wide, wide; Over grass that the wind has battered low; Sheep and oxen roam.
II. Questions for discussion
1. What is domesticating? What is foreignizing?
Explain them through examples.
2. How do you understand the relationships between “free translation and literal translation” and “domesticating and foreignizing”? How do you use them in your translation practice?
Translation Techniques
Teaching Plan
Teaching Contents:
1. Introduction to the functions of translation techniques
On the Subjectivity of the Translator
1. Introduction
• As a result, translators should try their best to avoid their subjective involvement and reproduce in the target language the closest correspondence of the source-language message, first in terms of meaning and second in terms of style.
On the Subjective of the Translator 译者的主体性
Contents
• 1. Introduction • 2.The Translator's Role in Traditional Chinese and Western Translation Studies • 3. The Subject of the Translation
•
They have oriented from the source text and tended to consider the “faithfulness”忠实as the standard in the judgment and evaluation of a translation work.
• 二千多年来，中外出现了诸多关于译者的比喻说法，诸如“舌人”、 “媒婆”、“译匠”、“一仆二主”之“仆人”、“叛逆者”、“戴 着镣铐的舞者”、“文化搬用工”、“翻译机器”等等，构成了丰富 的译者形象谱系。
2.The Translator's Role in Traditional Chinese and Western Translation Studies
Study_on_the_English_Translation_of_Guwen_Guanzhi_
Study on the English Translation of Guwen Guanzhi by Luo Jingguo from the Perspective of Functional EquivalenceXin LiuJiangxi University of Science and Technology school of foreign languages, 330044ABSTRACTGuwen Guanzhi is a selected collection of notable essays in Chinesehistory. Among the English version of many essays selected in this book,one of the most famous versions is that of Luo Jingguo. This paper isbased on the Functional Equivalence Theory and 4 selected representativeessays in English version of Guwen Guanzhi translated by Luo Jingguoincluding The Snake-Catcher, The Second Ode on the Red Cliff, MasterFive Willow and Feasting in the Peach-plum Garden in Spring Night. Thepaper analyzes how Luo deals with the words with Chinese characteristicskeeping all the connotation of source language intact and in what way heimproves the communication of traditional Chinese culture and realizesthe Chinese academic discourse.KEYWORDSGuwen Guanzhi; Functional equivalence; Luo JingguoDOI: 10.47297/wspiedWSP2516-250001.20220611Guwen Guanzhi contains 222 essays written from Qin Dynasty to the late Ming Dynasty. The English translation of Guwen Guanzhi by Luo Jingguo is of great importance to the diffusion of Chinese culture. It is impossible to find totally equivalent pairs between two languages due to linguistic and cultural differences. Each nation has her own emphases in daily life and her own way of thinking, which pose many difficulties in communication across cultures. It is strongly emphasized in Functional Equivalence Theory that both the source-language readers and target-language readers should have similar response(Nida, 1982). By analyzing Luo’s translation strategies, firstly, we can draw on some translation methods and strategies which can be applied in other translation works of ancient essays. Secondly, by employing these translation strategies, Luo improved the readability, which can give us aspiration on the diffusion of Chinese culture. Thirdly, these strategies will shed light on the education of translation and the training of translators.1 Analysis of Luo’s Translation(1) Lexical level1) Analysis of the meaning of wordsIn many cases one word in Chinese, especially in ancient Chinese works, can be translated into several English words in order to keep the meaning intact.Ex 1: “huán dǔ xiāo rán ，bú bì fēng rì 。
英语专业英译汉第五章翻译技巧
术语或专业名词解释
In cases where the original text contains technical terms or specialized vocabulary, additional translation can clarify their meanings.
补充信息
Additional translation can also be used to provide supplementary information that is not directly related to the main content of the original text, such as biographical notes or background stories.
Scope of application of provincial translation
When dealing with provincial terms, translators should first understand the cultural and historical background of both languages, as well as the professional knowledge of the subject matter. Only in this way can they correctly understand the meaning of the source text and convey it accurately in the target language.
Notes on literຫໍສະໝຸດ l translation02
Free translation techniques
Translation Techniques
2.He has a good head for mathematics.
3.The dinner cost 5 ＄a head. 4.Lets discuss the question under 5 heads.
Choice of words meaning
Pragmatic (connotative / associative /symbolic ) meaning is built on the relationship of the sign and interpretant.
pragmatic meaning reflects the sign user„s attitude or emotions towards the sign they use.
Approach /method /technique
Approach
Method 1Method 2
Et c.
T Technique Aechnique B
Approach /method /technique
Therefore we have a hierarchical system from which it follows that different approaches may share the same techniques and even the same methods ; and different methods may share the same techniques.
Translation techniques
• • • • • • Diction遣词用字 Repetition重译法 • Amplification增译法• Omission 减译法 • Conversion 转化法 •
研究生英语读写译第二版1-7课练习参考答案和参考译文
《研究生英语读写译教程》（第二版）练习参考答案及参考译文（注：第二版只有第六单元为全新单元，其余单元只是有些调整。
）各单元练习答案UNIT ONE STAY HUNGRY. STAY FOOLISH. COMPREHENSION1 He dropped out of Reed College because he did not see the value of it. (The answer to the second part of the question is open.)2 Life was tough –he slept on the floor in friends’ rooms, he returned coke bottles and he walked 7 miles to get one good free meal…3 He cited the example to demonstrate that what he had learned in his calligraphy class worked when designing the first Macintosh computer.4 Jobs’ first story tells that the dots will somehow connect in your future. (What you have learned/experienced might help in your future career.)5 He was publicly out. (The company that he and Woz established dismissed him.) The fact that he still loved what he did made him start over again.6 He has learned a good lesson from his failure.7 Do the things we love to do.8 Open.9 Open.10 Open. (We should always want more, never be content and when we want to do something that others say is foolish, do it anyway.)VOCABULARY AND STRUCTUREA1 naively2 curiosity3 combination4 let down5 vision6 baton7 creative8 mirror9 trap 10 inventionB1 drowned out2 tuition3 Commencement4 deposit5 typography6 make way for7 animation8 intuition9 destination 10 divergeC1 follow: orders, rules, advice, fads, an ideal, one’s instinct2 trust in: honesty, the Lord, power, intuition, sixth sense3 wear out, fade out, put out, make out, get out, break out4 play writer/playwright, speedwriter, blog writer, letter writer, editorial writer5 habitual, textual, accentual, sexual, spiritual, conceptual6 shocking, stunning, eye-catching, astonishing, striking, dazzlingSPEAKING: Open.TRANSLATIONA1热烈的鼓掌2波涛汹涌的海面3熟睡4烟瘾大的人5油腻而难消化的食物6烈酒7悲痛的消息8沉闷冗长的读物9〈化〉重水10他在一家法国银行拥有外国人账户。
标准大学英语第四册综合教程课后翻译-Transla
Removing unnecessary or redundant words from the translation can enhance clarity and consensus It is important to ensure that the essential meaning of the source text is not lost during the procurement process
Addition and subtraction of words
Addition
Adding words to the translation can be necessary to clarify or expand the meaning of the source text It can also be used to introduce cultural or contextual elements that are not present in the source text
02 Translation skills
Literal translation and free translation
Literal translation
This method aims to confirm the original text's exact meaning and style, while maintaining the original text's form and structure It emphasizes accuracy and faithfulness to the source text
After class translation of the comprehensive course of the fourth volume of quasi college English
Essay on the principles of translation 泰勒的翻译三原则
Essay on the principles of translation 泰勒的翻译三原则Essay on the principles of translationAlexander Fraser TytlerLord WoodhouseleeFirst Edition, 1791The impulse for the essay certainly does not seem to have come from any preoccupation with theoretical statements about the translation process, for Tytler appears to have had a rather spotty and accidental knowledge of that tradition. Instead, he seems to have been moved to write on translation by reading, in his voracious but rather unsystematic manner, a wide variety of literature in the original and translation, and by his own efforts as a translator of Petrarch and Schiller.Third Edition, 1813Tytler had, too, become somewhat more overt about his philosophical foundations, claiming for the first time that his principles were “founded in nature and huamansense”. He notes that what he feels to be a lack of decent commentary on the process translation, even among the ancient authors. Tytler’s approach is that of theantiquarian, reading whatever comes readily to hand, rather than that of te though scholar seeking copiousness. There was before him notreatise that discussed at length the problems of and solutions to the translation dilemma and the more interesting od the explicit statements on the questions scattered about in the introductions to the various translations.While such has been our ignorance of the principles of this art, it is not at all wonderful, that a midst the numberless translation which everyday appear, both of the works of the ancients and the moderns, there should be so few that are possessed of real merit. The utility of translations is universally felt, and therefore there is a continual demand for them. But this very circumstance has thrown the practice of translation into mean and mercenary hands.(7-8)General law of translationIt is the duty of a translator to attend only to the sense andspirit of his original, to make himself perfectly master of hisauthor’s ideas, and to communicative them inthose expressions which he judges to be best suited to convey them. It has, on the other hand, been maintained, that, in order to constitute a perfect translation, it is not only requisite that the ideas and sentiments of the original author should be conveyed, but likewise his style and manner of writing, which, it is supposed, cannot be done with a strict attention to the arrangement of his sentences, and even totheir order and construction. According to the former idea of translation, it is allowable to improve and to embellish; according to the latter, it is necessary to preserve even blemishes and defects; andto these must likewise be superadded the harshness that must attend every copy in which the artist scrupulously studies to imitate the minutest lines or traces of his original. (14-15)Tytler claims to choose a middle position.He then supplies a characterization of what he considers a good translation to be: that. In which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language, as to be distinctly apprehended, and as strongly felt, by a native of the country to which that language belongs, as it is by those who speak the language of the original work. (15-16)Three general law:1) That the translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.2) That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original.3) That the translation should have all the ease of the original composition.The translator’s privilege to alter the originalThe issue to which Tytler devotes the majority of his discussion and the one for which many reviewers took him to task is the question of the translator’s liberty to add to,delete from, or in other ways alter the character of his original. Suppression is deemed proper when there is a careless inaccurate expression of the original, where that inaccuracy seems materiallyaffect the sense. (54) and when something offends against the dignity of the native. (55)“An ordinary translator sinks under the energy of his original: of man of genius(42) frequently rises above it”Evaluation and ConclusionAs a result, we cannot expect to find his principles set into afully articulated general framework, whether rhetorical or linguistic. In another way, however, the essay is a modern book, for we find in it no slavish adherence to a classical theory or ancient authority, nor is there a mere categorization on the model of the encyclopedia. Tytler seems to have felt no need to discover a tradition, a usable past which must be assumed as a foundation for a workable present.。
Essayontheprinciplesoftranslation泰勒的翻译三原则
Essay on the principles of translation 泰勒的翻译三原则Essay on the principles of translationAlexander Fraser TytlerLord WoodhouseleeFirst Edition, 1791The impulse for the essay certainly does not seem to have come from any preoccupation with theoretical statements about the translation process, for Tytler appears to have had a rather spotty and accidental knowledge of that tradition. Instead, he seems to have been moved to write on translation by reading, in his voracious but rather unsystematic manner, a wide variety of literature in the original and translation, and by his own efforts as a translator of Petrarch and Schiller.Third Edition, 1813Tytler had, too, become somewhat more overt about his philosophical foundations, claiming for the first time that his principles were “founded in nature and huamansense”. He notes that what he feels to be a lack of decent commentary on the process translation, even among the ancient authors. Tytler’s approach is that of theantiquarian, reading whatever comes readily to hand, rather than that of te though scholar seeking copiousness. There was before him notreatise that discussed at length the problems of and solutions to the translation dilemma and the more interesting od the explicit statements on the questions scattered about in the introductions to the various translations.While such has been our ignorance of the principles of this art, it is not at all wonderful, that a midst the numberless translation which everyday appear, both of the works of the ancients and the moderns, there should be so few that are possessed of real merit. The utility of translations is universally felt, and therefore there is a continual demand for them. But this very circumstance has thrown the practice of translation into mean and mercenary hands.(7-8)General law of translationIt is the duty of a translator to attend only to the sense andspirit of his original, to make himself perfectly master of hisauthor’s ideas, and to communicative them inthose expressions which he judges to be best suited to convey them. It has, on the other hand, been maintained, that, in order to constitute a perfect translation, it is not only requisite that the ideas and sentiments of the original author should be conveyed, but likewise his style and manner of writing, which, it is supposed, cannot be done with a strict attention to the arrangement of his sentences, and even totheir order and construction. According to the former idea of translation, it is allowable to improve and to embellish; according to the latter, it is necessary to preserve even blemishes and defects; andto these must likewise be superadded the harshness that must attend every copy in which the artist scrupulously studies to imitate the minutest lines or traces of his original. (14-15)Tytler claims to choose a middle position.He then supplies a characterization of what he considers a good translation to be: that. In which the merit of the original work is so completely transfused into another language, as to be distinctly apprehended, and as strongly felt, by a native of the country to which that language belongs, as it is by those who speak the language of the original work. (15-16)Three general law:1) That the translation should give a complete transcript of the ideas of the original work.2) That the style and manner of writing should be of the same character with that of the original.3) That the translation should have all the ease of the original composition.The translator’s privilege to alter the originalThe issue to which Tytler devotes the majority of his discussion and the one for which many reviewers took him to task is the question of the translator’s liberty to add to,delete from, or in other ways alter the character of his original. Suppression is deemed proper when there is a careless inaccurate expression of the original, where that inaccuracy seems materiallyaffect the sense. (54) and when something offends against the dignity of the native. (55)“An ordinary translator sinks under the energy of his original: of man of genius frequently rises above it” (42)Evaluation and ConclusionAs a result, we cannot expect to find his principles set into afully articulated general framework, whether rhetorical or linguistic. In another way, however, the essay is a modern book, for we find in it no slavish adherence to a classical theory or ancient authority, nor is there a mere categorization on the model of the encyclopedia. Tytler seems to have felt no need to discover a tradition, a usable past which must be assumed as a foundation for a workable present.。
英汉互译简明教程Translation Techniques
Choice of Word Meanings
n
Choice of Word Meanings According to Their Parts of Speech
n
Choice of Word Meanings According to Different Collocation.
n
Choice of Meaning Shifts Between the Abstract and the Concrete.
country. (save food: “把食物放起来”)
改译：
They live frugally to accumulate more funds for the state .
Note:不要进行字对字的死译。要考虑中英文的真正含义。
10
2021/7/17
10
II. Choice of Word Meanings According to Different Collocation.
fields of discourse. Therefore, a translator should try to find it
contextual meaning in TL. For example:
His eyes were warm and fierce and bright and his moustache was
Frozen（拘谨）
Formal（正式） Consultative（商议）
Casual （随意） Intimate （亲密）
For example:
Linguistic Terms
Sample Words
Frozen
Quaff
Book 7 Translation English Assignment
evaluation.
02
Purpose of the book
The book aims to provide readers with a thorough
understanding of the translation process and the skills needed
to become a successful translator.
• Critical thinking: Translating a text requires students to engage in critical thinking, as they need to analyze the source text, understand its meaning and intent, and then find ways to convey that meaning in their native language.
02
Translation Theory and Methods
Overview of Translation Theory
Definition of Translation
Branches of Translation Theory
Translation is the process of converting written or spoken text from one language to another, while preserving the original meaning and context.
• Free Translation: A more flexible approach that allows translators to adapt the source text to the target language and culture, sacrificing strict adherence to the original form for readability and naturalness.
英语翻译部分辅导
Each word in a sense has a specific function It is essential to analyze the function of each word, including its part of speech, its role in the presence, and its meaning
Literal translation and free translation: Literal translation focuses on maintaining the form and expression of the original text, while free translation focuses more on conveying the meaning and spirit of the original text.
Cultural sensitivity
When translating, cultural differences should be taken into consideration to ensure that the cultural connotations of the original text are appropriately expressed in the target llection and Determination
Expansion of lexical meaning
In the translation process, sometimes it is necessary to expand the meaning of vocabulary to more accurately convey the meaning of the original text. This requires a deep understanding of common collocations and usage of English words.
英语句子翻译技巧
Literal translation emphasizes fidelity to the original text, striving to not change the sentence structure, wording, and meaning of the original text during the translation process, while maintaining the style, tone, and rhetorical features of the original niques for Long Sentences
03
The Handling of Cultural Factors in Translation
Introduction to Cultural Background
The cultural background of a language refers to the sum of the knowledge, beliefs, values, conditions, and other elements that shape the culture of a society It is essential to understand the cultural background of the source language to accurately translate English sentences into other languages
Preserve inverted sentence structure
For some English inverted sentences that cannot be adjusted in word order, their inverted sentence structure can be retained and Chinese inverted markers such as "instead" and "however" can be added.
On the Techniques of Translating English Long Sentences
B.A. ThesisOn the Techniques of Translating English Long SentencesB.A. Candidate: Luo LuAdvisor: Li WeihongForeign Language DepartmentJiaying UniversityJune 5, 2008AcknowledgementsI would like to take this chance to express my gratitude to many people who have helped me with the completion of this paper.My sincere thanks and appreciation first of all go to Prof. Li Weihong , my supervisor, who has taken much time and trouble instructing me in my paper. It has been a great privilege and joy to work under her guidance. Her valuable suggestions and unwavering support have helped me overcome many difficulties. Without her insightful criticisms and suggestions, the completion of this thesis would be impossible.In addition, I deeply appreciate the contribution to this thesis made in various ways by my friends and classmates Ma Shuxiao and Lan Huiliang. They gave me a lot of suggestions，provided some good materials，and helped me to correct some errors or mistakes.AbstractTranslation is the most important means of communication between different countries and cultures，in which sentences are the basic units of translation and discourse. Proper sentence translation may lay a good foundation for the translation of a text and is the essential qualification of a translator.Nowadays, all the books on the English translation are concerned with the long sentence translation. Long sentence translation has always been an important and difficult part of English-Chinese translation. The previous studies on the translation of English long sentences are mainly concerned with techniques of transferring the English long sentence.，but they are only introductory and limited to a few basic general rules. Long sentence translation is an area that demands more in-depth and comprehensive studies and that is what the paper aims at.To study translation of long sentences from English to Chinese，by exemplifying，many Chinese and English sentences and their translated versions are introduced. The paper firstly introduces the present circumstances of English long sentences translation. And then，based on the standard of English long sentences translation，and thecharacteristics of English and Chinese languages and comparison between them，the paper discusses the factors effecting English long sentences translation and the basic processes and commonly-used skills of translating long sentences from English into Chinese.In the end, it is pointed out that the translator should try to finda suitable method to translate long sentences from English to Chinese with view to the differences after comprehending the original correctly. Andit also puts forward that there are more issues worth studying and this dissertation is just the beginning to probe into the techniques of long sentence translation from English to Chinese.Key Words:translation English long sentences characteristics methods摘要翻译是国际及各种不同语言文化间交流的最重要的手段，而句子是翻译的基本单位，也是语篇的基本单位。
A Study on the Translation Techniques of English
A Study on the Translation Techniques of English Movie Titles from the Perspective of Intercultural Communication学位论文作者声明本人郑重声明：本人所呈交的学位论文是在导师的指导下通过独立研究所取得的研究成果。
文中除了特别加以标注引用的内容外，本论文不包含任何其他个人或集体已经发表或撰写的成果作品。
本人完全了解有关学位论文保障与使用的相关规定，同意学校保留或向有关学位论文管理机构送交论文的复印件和电子版。
同意本论文被纳入有关数据库进行检索和查阅。
本学位论文内容不涉及任何国家机密。
论文题目：实习单位：作者签名：指导老师：AcknowledgementsAbstract: As an English film, the first thing that attracts the attention of Chinese audience is the name of the film. Therefore, the translation of film titles is of great significance. The differences between Chinese and English languages as well as between Chinese and Western cultures have a direct impact on the translation of film titles, or even cause great obstacles to the translation of English film titles. Therefore, the translation of film titles belongs to a special cross-culturalcommunication activity. By comparing the differences between Chinese and English language and culture, this paper expounds the characteristics of Chinese and English film titles, and sums up how to translate English film titles into Chinese in the cross-cultural context.Key words: English movie titles; translation; cross-culture摘要：作为一部英文影片，吸引中国观众眼球的首先是影片的名称，因此，电影片名翻译具有重要的意义。
Chapter 2 Translation Techniques(Division and Combination)
Division--1. Picking Out of Words
Try to translate: 6) At present people have a tendency to choose the safety of the middle-ground reply. 如今，人们倾向于采取不偏不倚的态度回答问题，因为这样安全，不 招风险。 7）I shall be glad of your company on the journey. 如果你能陪我一块儿去，我会很高兴。 8）He filled neatly two columns of the single-sheet issue with his article. 小报只有一单张，他的文章却整整占了两栏的篇幅。 9）She had seen the dictionary, flying over the pavement of the little garden, fall at length at the feet of the astonished Miss Jemima. 她眼看字典飞过小花园的甬道，最后掉在吉米玛小姐的脚边，吓了她 一大跳。
Division
If we follow the original sentence structure in translation, we may find it hard to reproduce the original thought. Besides other ways to deal with this case, we may divide such a sentence into two or more parts by picking out those words, phrases or clauses which are “hard nuts to crack” and making them into Chinese word-group, clauses or sentences, coordinate or subordinate. In division, we have to determine where to divide, how to divide, what the subject or the predicate of the new clause or sentence should be, and how to rearrange various parts of the original sentence. These may involve such techniques as Conversion, Addition and Inversion.
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本栏目责任编辑：梁书翻译研究The attributive clause is frequently used in English,and it not only modifies the nouns,but also conveys the reason,transi -tion and result in a sentence.Therefore,we should make the proper choices in the process of translation.Firstly,put the at -tributive clause before the antecedent if possible in its sentence position.If not,just put it at the back or make it a single sen -tence.Secondly,express the deep meanings (e.g.time,result etc.)clearly.Because the Chinese attributive structure that has to be followed by the “的”and key words,making it not like the Eng -lish one which can be put freely and with attributes and adver -bials etc.,it is so limited that the attributive clause is of great difficulty on the English –Chinese translation,when translating the attributive clauses,especially the complicated ones,the sim -plest way is to release the whole sentence from the grammatical structure.We should figure out more and better expressions of Chinese in order to be faithful to the meaning and writing styles of the original texts,making the translation more accurate and flexible.Do not translate it into equal Chinese structure,but in -stead put it into single Chinese units.In other words,just sepa -rate the attributive clause from the original texts,making it ex -press what it means alone.In English,the attributive clause,long or short in length,easy or difficult in structure,is a common grammar tool.It can have the meanings of reason,result,concession,purpose,condi -tion and so on.During translating,do not use the same methods.Please refer to the several followings:1With “的”Attributive PhrasesIn some short attributive clauses,the relationship between the attributive clause and the antecedent has something to do with the comprehension of the original sentence meaning.Ac -cording to the Chinese attributive structure,this kind of attribu -tive clauses is better to be translated into With “的”AttributivePhrases.If the structure and the meaning of an attributive clause ap -pear simple and short,translate it into With “的”Attributive Phrases and put it before the antecedent,by which can make the translation much proper and nicer.The attributive clause is so close to the key word that it will have a totally different meaning of the sentence if translated separately.During English –Chinese translation,avoid using the other methods if With “的”Attributive Phrases is suitable.With “的”Attributive Phrases is also suitable for some non-restrictive attributive clauses,which are short and simple in structure,or just close to the antecedents in relation -ship,or just loose in structure after using Separation Method,but it's not so common with the restrictive ones.e.g.(1)Every mascot that has symbolized the Olympics is linked to the city and the country hosting the Games.（每个象征奥林匹克运动会的吉祥物都和奥运会举办城市和国家有联系。
）(2)The river,which forms the eastern boundary of our farm,has always played an important part in our lives.（作为我们农场东边界限的这条河流，对于我们的生活始终都起着重要的作用。
）2Merging the Main Clause with the Attributive ClauseBesides,some restrictive attributive clauses are very close to the main clauses,and they both aim to stress the key points of the whole sentence.Relatively,the main clause only works in structure;however,it doesn't have an outstanding meaning.After Merging the Main Clause with the Attributive Clause,we are able to convert the sentence into a single one.The non -restrictive attributive clause is to extra -illustrate the antecedent of the sentence,but not to embellish and limit it.And even,it can be left out.In this situation,we need to trans -收稿日期：2010-04-04修回日期：2010-05-06作者简介：蔡瑞芳（1963-），女，硕士，毕业于广州外国语学院，现广东白云学院应用外语系教师，主要研究方向为功能语言学和语篇翻译。
On the Translation Techniques of English Attributive Clause蔡瑞芳（广东白云学院，广东广州510450）Abstract:Translation is the use of one language to another language;this is expressed by the contents of the re-express.For the English –Chinese translation,the attributive clause translation is the most important.However,the English attributive clause is divided into restrictive and non-restrictive attributive clauses.In the translation process,it should be based on its structure and meaning.To take appropriate trans -lation,get rid of restrictions on sentence structure so that the translation is equal to the original as much as possible.In this paper,the trans -lation skills and samples have been used to further express the attributive clause to the readers.Key words:English;attributive clause;translation skills中图分类号：H315文献标识码：A文章编号：1009-5039(2010)07-0150-03150Overseas English 海外英语翻译研究本栏目责任编辑：梁书2010年7月late the attributive clause into a single sentence,making it and the main clause a compound sentence.e.g.(1)I don't know any parent who would choose the word fun to describe raising children.（在我认识的为人父母中，没有谁认为抚养小孩好玩。