四级考试概述revised

四级考试简介陈武10-2010距2010-12-18大学英语四级考试还有22天CETclose essay translationcapability evaluation testC-ConfidenceE-EfficiencyT-AttitudeConfidence in yourselfisthe first step to achieve success!Pygmalion effect皮格马利翁效应There can be miraclewhen you believe!---Mariah Careynow we are not afraidalthough we know there's much to fearwe were moving mountains longbefore we know we couldthere can be miracleswhen you believethough hope is frailit's hard to killwho know what miracleyou can achievewhen you believesomehow you willyou will when you believeAttitude is everything!态度决定一切四级考试六大题型写作快速阅读听力理解阅读理解完形填空翻译（中译英）听力理解时间35分钟，包括两个部分：听力对话占15%，含8个短对话共8道多项选择题和2个长对话共7道多项选择题；听力短文占20%：含3篇短文理解共10道多项选择题和一篇短文复合式听写共8词3句。

听力理解占总分的35%，合计249分。

阅读理解时间40分钟，分为两个部分：仔细阅读理解时间25分钟，占25%，含两个小部分(篇章阅读理解包括2篇文章10道多项选择题；篇章选词填空是一篇文章，考法是15选10的选词填空)；快速阅读理解时间15分钟，占10%，包括是非判断7题及句子填空3题。

阅读理解占总分的35%，合计149分。

完形填空15分钟，1篇文章，20道多项选择题，占总分的10%，合计70分。

写作和翻译时间35分钟，分为两个部分：写作时间30分钟，占15%，共106分；中译英时间5分钟，占5%，共36分。

合计20%，142分。

本次考试时间大学英语四级（2010.12.18）9：00-11：20注意事项上午考试8：45开始入场，入场开始15分钟后禁止入场。

不得携带通讯工具、涂改液进场；考生参加考试时需携带准考证以及有效身份证件；考生参加考试需携带2B铅笔、黑色字迹签字笔、橡皮；答题卡一定不要折叠，考生中途离开考场以作弊论处。

四级考试流程8：50---9：00试音时间9：00---9：10播放考场指令，发放作文考卷9：10取下耳机，开始作文考试9：35发放含有快速阅读的试题册(但9：40才允许开始做)9：40---9：55做快速阅读9：55---10：00收答题卡一(即作文和快速阅读)9：55---10：00重新戴上耳机，试音寻台，准备听力考试10：00开始听力考试，电台开始放音听力结束后完成剩余考项。

11：20全部考试结束。

四级核心考点词汇语法句法结构英语思维阅读和翻译阅读能力，写作能力，听说能力英美概况词汇英语词汇的记忆可以说是整个英语学习的基础，没有词汇量就不可能有高水平的外语能力1 词汇书记忆法简单的词汇书,只有单词,音标, 不超过5个的解释越是痛苦的努力带来的越是终身受用的享受，越是享受的惰性带来的越是终身遭受的痛苦。

2 阅读记忆法3 间隔反复记忆法（50）4 联想记忆法insult consult5 巧计妙喻记忆法In-no-cent 、fi-er-ce 、gr-easy 、f-a-m-i-l-y 、to-get-her 、dili-gen-t6 生词记忆的量以每天50-100词为宜,即使你有很多时间,也不要一天背太多,以免互相干扰.总结:1.不要用太厚的单词书.2.循始渐进的背单词.3.要及时复习.4.随身带着你要背的单词书,学累了就看单词.5.背的时候,不要记单词的用法,光记释义,且不要记太多,一个两个就足够了.6,要有紧迫感,比如说,一定要在某某天之前背完.语法结构1 主谓一致2 定语从句3 虚拟语气4 非谓语动词5 倒装句6 强调句7 名词性从句8 英语时态9 独立主格结构10强调句、11情态动词12 非谓语动词13 It的用法、14 省略语15 插入语英美文化四级听力短对话听力的一些原则1．推理原则：一般需对对话进行推理，故直接在对话中听到的一般不是正确答案。

2．挫折原则：通常要办的事情都是不顺利的（如买东西买不到，订房间客满等）3．男女原则：一般男生比较衰，女生比较牛。

男生提出的观点女生都是不同意或有不同看法的，反之女生提出的观点男生都是同意和赞赏的。

男生的特征：脏、乱、差、浪费、穷、小气、不良习惯、迟钝、不顾家女生的特征：爱干净、节约、富有、好学、能干、聪明、大度、耐心、恋家、除数理化外成绩都很好4．父母一般只有一个作用教育子女好好学习5．除了父母教育子女外，家里（包括朋友家，阿姨家等等）发生的事情一般是不考的。

6．四级听力短对话只考日常生活学习中遇得到事情，问题，故如果选项中出现一些日常生活中不太可能发生或很少发生的事情一般不会是正确选项7 善于用场景词汇猜测对话发生场景及对话者关系及身份短对话的常见场景1.学校场景professor 教授cut a class 逃课semester 学期2.交通运输场景licence 驾照rush hours 高峰时间traffic jam 交通堵塞3.电话场景hold on 不要挂断，稍等take/leave a message 留言hang up / get off 挂断4.机场场景timetable 时间表destination 目的地confirm the flight 确认航班check in 登记boarding card 登机牌security check 安检5.公司场景interview 面试work experience 工作经验vacation 休假annual leave 年假6.租房场景for sale 可销售的房子furnished 配家具land lord 房东land lady 房东太太tenant 房客roommate 室友7.医院场景physician 内科医生surgeon 外科医生dentist 牙医make an appointment 预约emergency 急诊8.宾馆场景make a reservation 预订房间confirm a reservation 确认预订cancel a reservation 取消预订reception 前台9.邮局场景mail 信10.饭店场景waiter / waitress 服务员menu 菜单order 点菜语段题常考的八种文章1．学校题材（剑桥大学，斯坦福大学等）重点：学校的地理位置，资金来源，校园环境，师生情况，课程情况，图书馆，课外活动，学校特色2．机构介绍（监狱，图书馆等）重点：地点，规模，制度，专业3．社会热点重点：轰动效应，背景（产生的原因），大众观点，作者态度4．灾难题（毒品，车祸等）重点：问题类型，起因，危害，解决方法（尤其是科学家、研究人员提出的事实、观点、方法、结论）5．新闻题重点：when where who why which(what) how6．人物题重点：生卒年月、出生地、成就（贡献）、坎坷遭遇、结局7．科普题（太阳风等）重点：物体特征、形成原因、分类、最新研究发现和初步结论8．故事重点：主人公遭遇、变故、主人公做的决定、原因、结局语段题10大解题原则1．听即原则：所听即所得，听到什么就选什么（正好与短对话相反，短对话时听到的一般不选）2．重读原则：某单词被反复读到或是在语音上加以重读，因引起重视如果选项中出现很可能是正确答案3．顺序原则：出题顺序一般与行文顺序相同除了主题题和部分说明文4．主题原则：主题一般出现在段落的头尾部分，所以要集中精力听清前三句话和最后两句话5．原因原则：凡出现表示原因，目的的很有可能是考点如：because so as 等词前后要着重听6．转折原则：凡出现表示转则的词如：but however yet 等，后面的句子往往是考点，要引起重视7．光明原则：事情一般都是向着好的方面发展的，主人公多数是大难不死的，事情总是逢凶化吉，绝处逢生的8．男女原则：同短对话9．穷学生原则：学生一般都是比较穷的，不能继续学业一般都是因为经济原因，喜欢让人打折10．偏怪小原则：一般故事总是稀奇古怪的，经过总是曲折离奇的，结局总是出人意料的。

宗旨就是意料之外、情理之中十大类标志词（很重要）据研究有90%以上的考点都是由标志词引话提示的，因此在语段听力中听到下列标志词时要引起高度的重视，集中注意力听清标志词前后的句子。

1．最高级标志词形容词、副词最高级、most / chief / primary / main / leading / essential、critical……2．唯一级标志词only / unique / prefer / every / one / of all / perfect / ……3．因果项标志词cause / lead to / contribute to / thanks to / owing to / question / answer / why / reason / 其他形式的问句/ ……4．转折项关键词despite / in spite of / instead / while / from ~ to ~ / although ~ （yet）~ / not only ~ but also ~ / ……5．序数项标志词所有的序数词（first , second）/ another / the other / next / last / in addition / on the other hand / ……6．时间项标志词when / how / today / as / before / after / since / then / until / ……7．解释项标志词or / namely / in other words / that is / that is to say / ……8．目的项标志词to / for / ……9．总结项标志词a ll in all / in brief / to conclude / at last / in summary / in short / ……10．强调项标志词副词：especially / particularly / almost / always / usually / ……动词：show / remember / note / notice / say / pronounce / ……阅读理解快速阅读真题HighwaysEarly in the 20th century, most of the streets and roads in the U.S. were made of dirt, brick, and cedar wood blocks. Built for horse, carriage, and foot traffic, they wereusually poorly cared for and too narrow to accommodate(容纳)automobiles.With the increase in auto production, private turnpike(收费公路)companies under local authorities began to spring up, and by 1921 there were 387,000 miles of paved roads.Many were built using specifications of 19th century Scottish engineers Thomas Telford and John Mac Adam(for whom the macadam surface is named), whose specifications stressed the importance of adequate drainage. Beyond that, there were no national standards for size, weight restrictions, or commercial signs. During World War I, roads throughout the country were nearly destroyed by the weight of trucks. When General Eisenhower returned from Germany in 1919, after serving in the U.S. Army’s firsttranscontinental motor convoy(车队)，he noted:“The old convoy had started me thinking about good, two-lane highwa ys, but Germany’s Autobahn or motorway had made me see the wisdom of broader ribbons across the land.”It would take another war before the federal government would act on a national highway system. During World War II, a tremendous increase in trucks and new roads were required. The war demonstrate how critical highways were to the defense effort.Thirteen per cent of defense plants received all their supplies by truck, and almost all other plants shipped more than half of their products by vehicle. The war also revealed that local control of highways had led to a confusing variety of design standards. Even federal and state highways did not follow basic standards. Some states allowed trucks up to 36,000 pounds, while others restricted anything over 7,000 pounds. A government study recommended a national highway system of 33,920 miles, and Congress soon passed the Federal-Aid Highway Act of 1944, which called for strict, centrally controlled design criteria.The interstate highway system was finally launched in 1956 and has been hailed as one of the greatest public works projects of the century. To build its 44,000-mile web of highways, bridge, and tunnels, hundreds of unique engineering designs and solutions had to be worked out.Consider the many geographic features of the country: mountains, steep grades, wetlands, rivers, desserts, and plains. Variables included the slope of the land, the ability of the pavement to support the load, the intensity of road use, and the nature of the underlying soil. Urban areas were another problem. Innovative designs of roadways, tunnels, bridges, overpasses, andinterchanges that could run through or bypass urban areas soon began to weave their way across the country, forever altering the face of America.Long-span, segmented-concrete, cable-stayed bridges such as Hale Boggs in Louisiana and the Sunshine Skyway in Florida, and remarkable tunnels like Fort McHenry inMaryland and Mt, Baker in Washington, met many of the nation’s physical challenges.Traffic control systems and methods of construction developed under the interstate program soon influenced highway construction around the world, and were invaluable in improving the condition of urban streets and traffic patterns.Today, the interstate system links every major city in the U.S. and the U.S. with Canada and Mexico. Built with safety in mind, the highways have wide lanes and shoulders, dividing medians or barriers, long entry and exit lanes, curves engineered for safe turns, and limited access. The death rate on highways is half that of all other U.S. roads (0.86 deaths per 100 million passenger miles compared to 1.99 deaths per 100 million on all other roads).By opening the North American continent, highways have enabled consumer goods and services to reach people in remote and rural areas of the country, spurred the growth of suburbs, and provide people with greater options in terms of jobs, access to cultural programs, health care, and other benefits. Above all, the interstate system provides individuals with whatthey cherish most personal freedom of mobility. The interstate system has been an essential element of the nation’s economic growth in terms of shipping and job creation: more than 75 percent of the nation’s freight deliveries ar rive by truck; and mostproducts that arrive by rail or air use interstates for the last leg of the journey by vehicle.Not only has the highway system affected the American economy by providing shipping routes, it has led to the growth of spin-off industries like service stations, motels,restaurants, and shopping centers. It has allowed the relocation of manufacturing plants and other industries from urban areas to rural.By the end of the century there was an immense network of paved roads, residential streets, expressways, and freeways built to support millions of vehicles. The highway system was officially renamed for Eisenhower to honor his vision and leadership. The year construction began he said: Together, the united forces of our communication and transportation systems are dynamic elements in the very name we bear—United States.Without them, we would be a mere alliance of many separate parts.”注意：此部分试题请在答题卡1上作答。