大学英语跨文化交际教程Case Analysis27
跨文化交际案例分析
Case 1: She Has Three HandsIn the following scenario, a Chinese doctor, a patient and a physiotherapist interact.A female neurologist from Beijing was working on a research project in a Toronto hospital. She shared a small office with a young Canadian male from a large family, who loved peanut butter. He was so fond of peanut butter that he kept a jar in the office. One day he came into the office and exclaimed, “Who took my peanut butter?” But the Chinese woman immediately felt accused. After all, there were only two of them in the office.She was deeply distressed, but true to her learned cultural behavior of never showing anger in public, she said nothing. Later that day she was working in a room where the physiotherapist was treating a patient who suffered paralysis of his legs and arms from a motorcycle accident. The physiotherapist moved one of the patient’s legs in a way that caused him pain.“Ouch!” he cried.“Oh, I didn’t do that,” said the physiotherapist. “It was that doctor over there,” and he pointed to the Chinese woman.“How could she have done it since she’s on the other side of the room?” the patient pointed out.“Ah, she has three hands.” the physiotherapist replied.At these words the Chinese doctor became even more upset. She was so disturbed that she behaved in a way uncharacteristic of her culture. She waited until the patient had gone, and then said to the physiotherapist, “I’m very upset by what you said.” The physiotherapist was taken aback. “What had I said?”“You said I had three hands,” the Chinese doctor finally choked. “You think I took the peanut butter.”Answer the following questions:1.How do you understand the phrase “to have three hands”? (3分)2.What caused their communication conflicts?（7分）Case 1:This case can reflect the different communication styles between Chinese and Canadians. In western cultures, communication is the means of transmitting ideas. Western people usually communicate directly with each other. That is why the Canadian in this case says what is in his mind directly in front of the Chinese woman without hiding anything. While Chinese culture stresses harmony and emphasizes the relationships between the communicators. Chinese people view communication as a process where all parties are searching to develop and maintain a social relationship. So the Chinese woman in this case tries not to argue with the Canadian face to face to keep the“harmonious relationship”between them.Case 2: Left in the ColdKatherine came to Beijing in 1998 and found a job as an English teacher in a foreign language institute. Soon after her classes began she found that her students showed no interest in her teaching style. Quite a few of them avoided attending her class. She was feeling quite upset and discouraged so she decided to ask the Director, Prof. Wang for help. Prof. Wang reviewed his timetable and suggested they meet at ten o’clock on Thursday morning. When Thursday came, Katherine arrived at Prof. Wang’s office at the exactly ten o’clock finding him talking with another teacher in Chinese. Seeing that she had come, Prof. Wang smiled and gestured her to sit down. Katherine sat down and the professor excused himself and continued to talk with the other teacher. After five minutes, he finished his conversation, and apologized to Katherine, and began to focus his attention on her situation. Prof. Wang showed great concern and asked her what the problem was. Just as she was discussing her problem, another Chinese teacher interrupted, with a form that required the Director’s signature. The Director smiled, apologized to Katherine again, and turned to talk with the Chinese teacher in Chinese. Katherine became impatient, and wondered why their discussion should be interrupted since she had made an appointment. Also, she was upset and frustrated that they continued to speak Chinese in front of her. Although their talk continued, she was apparently unhappy about what had happened.Answer the following questions:1.How would you explain the Director’s behavior toward Kathrine?（5分）2.How would you make the Director understand why Katherine felt frustrated and angry? （5分）Case 2:CommentThis is a typical cultural clash between Chinese and Westerners. There is a great difference in the concept of appointment and its behavior pattern in different cultures. To Americans, an appointment is a confirmation to meet at a precise time. If an appointment is scheduled, both parties should respect the appointment time. For example, if a professor makes an appointment with a student at a certain time, it should not be interrupted by other things or people. In addition, Westerners are good timekeepers; they adhere strictly to schedules. However, Chinese view appointments in a more flexible manner. They are more casual about commitments. This difference in attitudes toward appointment was the root of Katherine’s unhappiness. Since the Director made an ten a’clock appointment, he should have tried to avoid any interruption. However, when Katherine arrived on time, the Director was still talking with another teacher. When their meeting finally began, it was interrupted again. There is no wonder Katherine became frustrated and angry.Case 3: Personal SpaceMark had recently moved from Denmark to Sydney to work as a salesperson for a large Australian company. After three weeks, he was invited to join a local club. During the first few weeks at the club, Mark would either stand in the corner talking with someone or sit on a sofa listening to other people talk and chat. As time went by, he came to know most of the club members and seemed to enjoy talking with them. One day, at an evening party one of the female members approached him. Mark immediately showed his interest by talking about the atmosphere of the party. At first, the conversation between them seemed to go quite smoothly, but as it progressed the lady seemed to step further and further away from Mark as he had been gradually moving closer to her. The lady obviously seemed uncomfortable. As Mark was about to ask her questions regarding Australian social customs, another man standing nearby directed a glance toward the lady. She excused herself and went to talk with that man, leaving Mark standing alone and wondering why their conversation had come to such a sudden stop.Answer the following question1. Why did that woman suddenly stop talking with Mark and turned to another man? （10分）Case 3:This is a typical case of misunderstanding caused by different perceptions abut body distance.There is a lot of evidence to show that body distance varies with different people, different circumstances, and different cultures. In Denmark, at a formal event, the intimate space is usually between 20 to 30 centimeters; while in Australia such an occasion requires a body distance of 40 to 50 centimeters. Therefore when a Dane talks with an Australian, the problem arises: the Dane is accustomed to a close distance while the Australian is comfortable with a great distance.In this case, Mark, by trying to establish his normal intimate space, infringed on the Australian lady’s space. Because of this, she felt somewhat threatened and lost her sense of comfort. At that moment, the nearby man offered her the opportunity to excuse herself from Mark. If Mark had had some knowledge about the expected personal space for Australians, the encounter might have been totally different.Case 4Li Ming, a male Chinese graduate student, studied in the United States. He shared a room with his American classmate Tony in a residence hall. At the very beginning, Li Ming found it easy and enjoyable to get along with Tony, for he was an open-minded person and sometimes he could give Li Ming quite a lot of helpful advice. But later,Li Ming felt it really hard to do the real effective communication. For example:One day Tony went into the bathroom and completely shaved his head. Li Ming easily discovered this fact when he himself visited the bathroom and saw the hair everywhere. He returned to his room and said to Tony, “You’ve shaved your head.” Tony replied, “Yeah, I did.”Li Ming waited a while, then said, I discovered you’d shaved your head when I went into the bathroom and saw the hair. “Yeah.” Tony confirmed. Li Ming was at a loss. He believed he had communicated in the strongest possible language his wish that the American would clean up the mess he’d made in the bathroom. But Li Ming was very much disappointed at his roommate Tony!Later he discussed the surprising episode with some Chinese friends who told him, “Listen, with Americans you actually have to say: Clean up the bathroom!” Li Ming believed his message had been very clear. However, he was relying on the context of the communication for the message to be understood: hair was all over the bathroom, and his roommate now was bare-headed.Questions:1. Why do you think the American student Tony failed to understand what his Chinese roommate Li Ming had wanted to say?2. Suppose the main characters in the story are two Chinese studentsor two American students, in what way will they deal with the matter?Case 7 (P30)Case analysis: Cultural differences decide the two students are going to communicate in different ways. 案例分析:文化差异决定这两个学生要沟通的方式不同。
大学英语跨文化交际案例分析
大学英语跨文化交际案例分析Case 2 （P8)White Dress女王的白色长裙：Case analysis: The Indian women might think the wedding ceremony is a funeral if they see the western bride in white gown. The case reflects the similes and metaphors in the text。
案例分析:印度女人可能觉得婚礼是一个葬礼，如果他们看到西方的新娘的白色礼服。
这个案例反映了明喻和隐喻在文本。
Culture is like an iceberg: we can identify the color of the dress worn by women in different cultures, but we do not know the values underneath。
Culture is like the water a fish swims in: people wear dress of different colors for different context but they usually take it for granted and never ask why。
文化是像冰山：我们可以辨认颜色衣服的妇女所穿不同的文化,但我们不知道下面的值。
文化是像水鱼游在:人们穿不同颜色的衣服为不同的上下文,但他们通常是理所当然的,从不问为什么。
Case 4 （P18)Coconut-skating椰子—溜冰：Case analysis: The case reflects the characteristics of culture. We can tell from the case that culture is pervasive and it’s learned.案例分析：这个事件反映了文化的特点.我们可以告诉从案件,文化是普遍的，这是学习.People may invent different ways for things even as simple as the issue of floor moping. The Philippine woman must have learned this way of mopping from her own culture。
大学英语跨文化交际案例分析
大学英语跨文化交际案例分析Case2(P8)WhiteDress女王的白色长裙:Caseanalysis:TheIndianwomenmightthinktheweddingceremonyisafuneralifth eyseethewesternbrideinwhitegown.Thecasereflectsthesimilesandmetaphorsin thetext.案例分析:印度女人可能觉得婚礼是一个葬礼,如果他们看到西方的新娘的白色礼服。
这个案例反映了明喻和隐喻在文本。
Cultureislikeaniceberg:wecanidentifythecolorofthedresswornbywomenindiff erentcultures,butwedonotknowthevaluesunderneath.Cultureislikethewateraf ishswimsin:peopleweardressofdifferentcolorsfordifferentcontextbuttheyus uallytakeitforgrantedandneveraskwhy.文化是像冰山:我们可以辨认颜色衣服的妇女所穿不同的文化,但我们不知道下面的值。
文化是像水鱼游在:人们穿不同颜色的衣服为不同的上下文,但他们通常是理所当然的,从不问为什么。
Case4(P18)Coconut-skating椰子-溜冰:Caseanalysis:Thecasereflectsthecharacteristicsofculture.Wecantellfro mthecasethatcultureispervasiveandit’slearned.案例分析:这个事件反映了文化的特点。
我们可以告诉从案件,文化是普遍的,这是学习。
Peoplemayinventdifferentwaysforthingsevenassimpleastheissueoffloormopin g.ThePhilippinewomanmusthavelearnedthiswayofmoppingfromherownculture.人们可能发明东西甚至不同的方式为这样简单的问题的地板闷闷不乐。
跨文化交际电影案例分析(全英文版)(文化沟通课程论文)
Case Analysis of Cross-cultural Communication Film [Abstract]：With the advent of the 21st century, the degree of globalization continues to strengthen,and the communication between regions and countries becomes more and more frequent. As is known to all, the cultures of different nationalities have their own characteristics, and it is precisely because of these multi-ethnic cultures that our colorful world is made up of. However, it is undeniable that the existence of cultural differences leads to constant conflicts in the process of cultural exchanges. Crash and Scrapping two movies, for example, this paper tells the conflict phenomenon in cross-cultural communication and on the causes of these problems, puts forward some constructive Suggestions.[keywords]：Intercultural communication，Cultural differences, cultural consensusCross-cultural communication refers to the information transfer and communication between different cultural units. It is the communication between people in different cultural backgrounds. Due to the cultural differences between different countries, communicators often cause conflicts in communicative activities such as language blending and cultural integration due to different cultural backgrounds. Through watching relevant films, the paper discusses and studies the causes of problems in cross-cultural communication, and puts forward ways to alleviate conflicts, promote harmonious and friendly communication between regions, and promote the prosperity and progress of world culture.I.Analyze the problems in cross-cultural communication（I）Interpersonal relationship differences -- take film scrapping as an example As we all know, Western culture tend to be individualist. Westerns tend to view individualism as a good thing and believe that people should rely on themselves as much as possible ——and they usually expect other people to do the same. As mentioned in the scrapping film, Xu datong succeeded through his own efforts and finally changed his social status and situation. Even the Chinese people still won the respect and admiration of the americans at that time.Westerns generally feel that the rights of individuals should not be subordinated to the needs of large group, or at least that individuals should have the right to decide for themselves whether to sacrifice their personal benefit for the sake of group.However, in the face of the facts, the Chinese people, the more important. Although in fact is the father for the son scraping, but Xu datong still take the initiative to take the responsibility to protect his father. Although he knew it was illegal to leave the child alone at home, xu datong still went to pick up his father after receiving a call from the police. It is because of the culturaldifferences between the two sides that led to the tragedy of the life of Xu datong's family.Westerns tend to believe that individuals should make decisions for themselves, and that individual should take credit and responsibility for what they have personally done.In the film, a colleague of Xu datong, instead of helping him escape unwarranted charges under the law, testifies in court that he abused his son. One of the important reasons why this happened is that americans advocate individualism, law and facts, and colleagues do not know about scrapping and saw Xu datong beat his son, which led to the tragedy in the movie.（II）Conflicts caused by cultural differences -- take movie Crash as an example Does a white farmer in Illinois have so much in common with a black banker in New York that what we say they all belong to the same culture?Obviously there will be many difference between these two people ——they live in different regions, have different jobs, have different ethnic background, and so forth .Throughout the movie, I'm impressed with the two black brother, came out from the coffee shop, one of the black has been complaining about discrimination against blacks, whites and another black didn't think so, but in the black complain, another black gradually produced a strong sense of identity, so they conducted armed robbery, hit-and-run, and so on a series of bad things.In fact, this story can reflect the parents' teaching to their children, whether white or black, if parents teach them from an early age that white is noble, will not swear, will not do wrong, black is rude, uncivilized, always doing wrong. Then the idea will be rooted in the idea of children, then white and black children can never be friends, the misunderstanding between white and black people will be deeper, the conflict between the two sides will become more and more fierce, I believe if things go on for a long time, will eventually lead to the inevitable riots.However, most likely there are many things that they share in common. For example, the schools they went to probably taught roughly the same kinds of courses, they probably watch many of the same TV programs, they live under the same government and legal system ,and they probably all speak the same language.As a result, even if these people look different on the outside, the ideas and information in their heads will have much in common. You should say that they are many different brands of computers that look different on the outside, but have a lot of the same software and data. It is these shared ideas that make a grou p of people into a culture , in fact, you should say that a “culture ”is essentially a group of people who carry many of the same ideas in their heads.Most modern societies believe that equality is a virtue.But there's no denying that every society still has hierarchy to some degree. In other words, some people have higher and more power than others. Thisinjustice is mainly reflected in the racial discrimination in the United States. In the movies, white people always have a higher status than black people, and black people are not respected by white people.Preserving good relationship and harmony between people, especially among one's ingroup and circle of acquaintance, is generally considered very important. so people generally try to avoid direct confilt. Therefore, in order to avoid conflicts, every one of us should master certain methods when conducting cross-cultural communication, so as to consciously carry out correct cross-cultural communication and promote the formation of a beautiful and harmonious society.II solutions to cross-cultural communication problems（I）Strengthen cross-cultural communication and learn from western culture Peace and good relation between nations, people and cultures need to be beased on mutual understanding. As you study English, you are learning how to be an ambassador who can serve as a bridge between China and the world, a translator who can help people of China and other countries better understand each other. The more you understand about intercultural communication, the more effectively you can serve as an ambassador for your own culture and as a bridge between your culture and others.When you are new to Chinese culture, this made it harder for you to understand why the other people acted as they did. When you really didn't understand what was happening, you should consider other possible explanations for the Chinese students' behavior instead of jumping to negative conclusions. To communicating with local people, you 'd better to improve the local language and learn as much as possible about local culture. Of course, you also need to learn something about intercultural communication and learned how to be a more effective intercultural communicator.As you learn about other culture there are two good habit you should cultivate right from the start. First, build the habit of consciously making an effort to avoid stereotypes. second, build the habit of making a conscious effort not to judge other cultures too quickly. one of the best way to manage our tendency to judge negatively is by cultivating the habit of describing things instead of evaluating them.（II）Interpreting what foreigners mean“Interpretation ”the process of deciding what foreigners' words and action mean and why they do what they do. However when you interpret the behavior of foreigners, you don't have so much cultural background information to help you understand their behavior, so you have to guess and use your imagination much more. If you interpret their behavior quickly, without thinking carefully and getting asmuch information as possible, it is very likely that your Interpretation will be at least partially wrong.The same three habits will help you be a more effective intercultural communication. First, get into the habit of consciously noticing that you are entering an intercultural encounter. Second, get into the habit of interpreting intercultural encounters more slowly, rather than jumping to conclusion quickly. The last but not least, get into the habit of thinking more consciously and carefully about the situation.（III）To become a good intercultural communicatorThere is no doubt that you will probably have to speak in English when you are interacting with Westerners .In fact, when people from two different cultures try to communicate with each other, at least one of them will almost certainly have to speak in some language other than his native tongue. Therefore to avoid the language gap problem and become a good intercultural communicator, you need to be aware of how speaking in a foreign language affect you and make a special effort not to let these negative affect how you interpret the words and actions of others.III.The conclusionAs I talk about culture in this passage, my goal is not to say that one culture is better or worse than another. Instead, our goal is to describe differences between culture,and try to come to a better understanding of Western and Chinese culture. Before one can evaluate a culture, one must understand it.Reference:I: A Book called Encounters With WesternersII: A Film called CrashIII: A Film called Scrapping。
大学英语跨文化交际案例分析
大学英语跨文化交际案例分析Case 2 （P8）White Dress女王的白色长裙：Case analysis：The Indian women might think the wedding ceremony is a funeral if they see the western bride in white gown. The case reflects the similes and metaphors in the text.案例分析：印度女人可能觉得婚礼是一个葬礼，如果他们看到西方的新娘的白色礼服。
这个案例反映了明喻和隐喻在文本。
Culture is like an iceberg：we can identify the color of the dress worn by women in different cultures，but we do not know the values underneath。
Culture is like the water a fish swims in: people wear dress of different colors for different context but they usually take it for granted and never ask why.文化是像冰山：我们可以辨认颜色衣服的妇女所穿不同的文化，但我们不知道下面的值。
文化是像水鱼游在:人们穿不同颜色的衣服为不同的上下文，但他们通常是理所当然的，从不问为什么.Case 4 （P18）Coconut-skating椰子-溜冰:Case analysis：The case reflects the characteristics of culture. We can tell from the case that culture is pervasive and it’s learned。
大学英语跨文化交际所有CASE答案汇编
大学英语跨文化交际所有CASE答案！！！是WORD格式不是PDF格式的！！！Case 1:An Interview in IndiaCase analysis: The case is about an interview between an American program host and anIndian interviewee. They talk about some aspects of Indian culture and the changes occurred these years. The case reflects some basic cultural elements people may find in all cultures: language, family pattern, marriage, wedding ceremony, food and the way to eat food, etc. From this case, guide the students in culture study and culture comparison. The students should realize that there are both similarities and differences in culture. Culture is in fact very dynamic and pervasive. Case 2:White DressCase analysis: The Indian women might think the wedding ceremony is a funeral if they seethe western bride in white gown. The case reflects the similes and metaphors in the text. Culture is like an iceberg: we can identify the color of the dress worn by women in different cultures, but we do not know the values underneath. Culture is like the water a fish swims in: people wear dress of different colors for different context but they usually take it for granted and never ask why.Case 3:The French in North AmericaCase analysis: The French were able to see Indian behavior only in the light of their own hierarchical social system, where it is natural for the few to command and the many to obey. Social systems that worked on other principles were literally unimaginable.Case 4:Coconut-skatingCase analysis: The case reflects the characteristics of culture. We can tell from the case that culture is pervasive and it’s learned. People may invent different ways for things even as simple as the issue of floor moping. The Philippine woman must have learned this way of mopping from her own culture.Case 5:A Black Girl’s IdentityCase analysis: Although we may say that identities are constituted by our communication, itis obvious from the case that we cannot simply choose at any moment what our identity will be regardless of the context. First, we often do not share the recipe for certain identities with others even if we belong to the same ethnicity, gender, or nationality. Understanding this can help us avoid some of the broad assumptions made about groups of people based on the reflective way of thinking. Second, as we learned in the very first chapter, all meaning in communication is to some extent situational. Thus, the context mediates what identities we can choose. Sometimes things one may have no control over, such as age or skin color, are seen as essential parts of how one communicates an identity.Case 6HippiesCase analysis: Hippies could be defined as a subgroup, as the hippies culture tends to be temporary. In modern American society, hippies culture could also find traits, but it has wide spread influence on American value system.Case 7Clean up the Bathroom!Case analysis: Cultural differences decide the two students are going to communicate indifferent ways. The Chinese student wants the American student to understand the underlying means of his words, but the American student is used to the direct style of communication. This is decided by culture. In Chinese culture, people want to save face of both themselves and others, so they would not express their ideas directly. However, in the United States, unless you express yourself clearly and directly, the others cannot understand you.Case 8:She Has Three HandsThis case can reflect the different communication styles between Chinese and Canadians. In western cultures, communication is the means of transmitting ideas. Western people usually communicate directly with each other. That is why the Canadian in this case says what is in his mind directly in front of the Chinese woman without hiding anything. While Chinese culture stresses harmony and emphasizes the relationships between the communicators. Chinese people view communication as a process where all parties are searching to develop and maintain a social relationship. So the Chinese woman in this case tries not to argue with the Canadian face to face to keep the “harmonious relationship” between them.Case 9:A Piece of CakeThis case wants us to recognize some components of communication. Sender/source refers tothe person who transmits a message. Receiver is any person who notices and gives some meaning to a message. Context refers to a setting or situation within which communication takes place. In this case, Marilyn and Richard are simultaneously the senders and receivers. And their room, where the communication event happens and which makes the couple feel comfortable and relaxed, is just the context.Case 10:The Place to Have LunchThis case reflects that communication is contextual, which means that communication doesnot happen in isolation and it must happen within a setting or context. Whether this context is quiet or noisy is important to the smoothness of communication. When the communication event is disturbed by noise, the communication can not go smoothly. In this case,Case 11:Making an AppointmentThis case can reflect how culture affects its communication style. Each culture encourages a particular communication style expected within it. This implies not only using correct symbols,but also applying the appropriate communication style for the occasion. Communication styles include mannerisms, phrases, rituals, and communication customs appropriate for various situations in a culture. In this case, knowing the communication style of the Americans which is characterized by direct, exacting and instrumental, the exporter manager fulfills his job successfully.Case 12:Why Don’t You Eat the Pizza?This case can reflect the problems appearing during intercultural communication and how ignoring cultural differences can affect communication. In Malaysia, where most people areMuslims, people think the left hand is used only for cleaning the body and thus it is dirty and cannot be used to pass food. Knowing nothing about the cultural difference, the American studentputs himself in an embarrassing situation.Case 13:We and They?This case reflects that in intercultural communication, people always regard themselves as thebest group in the world. This is actually inappropriate and should be avoided.Case 14:Perception of WarThis case can reflect different cultures can give different influences on human perception.People can have very different perceptions even on the same object or phenomenon because they have different cultures and are living in the different social realities. In this case, Jim and Olgahave very different attitudes and perceptions towards historical events because their nations’different experiences and histories.Case 15:Observations on a SoldierThis case can reflect the basic model of human perception. Human being is equipped to sensethe outside stimuli and perceive the outside world. And the perception follows a certainmodel—after being gained through the five basic senses, information is processed through selection, organization and interpretation. In this case, Sherlock Holmes and Mycroft did observations on the soldier according to the basic model of human perception. They selected some useful information which they gained from outside world through their five basic senses,organized it in a reasonable logic and then attached meanings to it.Case 16:Different Responses to NoiseThis case can reflect different culture can give different influences on human sensation. No two of people can assume that their sensations are the same, especially when they come from different cultures. Different social reality and living conditions can equip them with different way to sense the world. So it is very common for them to have totally different sensations even towards the same condition. In this case, the German professor and Japanese professor have very different response to the noise producedby the same motor for the heating system because of their cultures and living habits.Case 17:What Is Black?This case can reflect we have some barriers to accurate perception in intercultural communication. We have the ability to perceive the outside world, but we cannot always get the accurate perceptions, especially when we do the perception on other cultures, we often give the inaccurate and negative perceptions. In this case, on discussing the impersonal color “black”, wegive so many bad and negative meanings while black pupils can give some objective descriptionsand associations about the color. The barriers can include ignoring details, over-generalizing,holding on to preconceptions and stereotypes imposing consistency, preconnecting causes and effects, preferring simple explanations, ignoring circumstances, crediting irrelevant information and focusing on the negative.Case 18:Are Perceptions Always Right?This case can reflect our perceptions on outside world are not always right, especially whenwe do perceptions on other cultures. We usually perceive others according to our own culture.This can lead to ineffective intercultural communication. In this case Pat and Chris gaveinaccurate and negative perceptions on Akira and Michiko just because of theirIrresponsible judgment and they also gave completely positive perceptions on Marie just becauseof their simple expectations. In order to avoid the inaccurate perceptions, we need some skills, including increase your understanding of the perceptual process; increase your observational acuity; recognize the elements to which you attribute meaning; check your perceptions; increase your Awareness of perceptual inaccuracies and compensate for them ;increase your awareness of others’ perceptionsof you; and develop social decentering, empathy, and other-orientation.Case 20:Chinese Hospitality — OverdoneThis case reflects that sometimes people unconsciously assume that people from anotherculture may behave in a way which is similar to theirs. The Chinese usually attach a lot of importance to taking care of their guests. When it comes to a foreign visitor, Chinese hospitality is usually more than what can be understood by a Westerner, who is uncomfortable when he isalways surrounded by people attempting to be kind. Concerning this case, Hong tried to respecther traditions and her friend by doing more than she could really afford to do for Joe's visit, havingno idea that Joe ended up feeling frustrated.Case 21:A Danish Woman in New YorkThis case can reflect assuming similarity instead of difference. When communicating withpeople from another culture, one is likely to regard and treat other people as “his people” and to assume there must be only one way of doing things: that is “his way”. In this case, the Danish woman assumes that her behavior of leaving the baby alone, which is common in Denmark, is also appropriate in New York. Here, she assumes what is suitable in her own culture is alsoindisputable in another culture. That is why the small conflict happens.Case 22:Ambiguous TimeThis case can reflect ethnocentrism. Cultures train their members to use the categories oftheir own cultural experiences when judging the experiences of people from other cultures. Theywill believe that their culture is the center of the world and their standard should be the role modelfor the rest of the world. Concerning this case, somehow Chinese people have habitually referred12:00 a.m. as the time around lunchtime, making 12 : 00 p.m. midnight. Fortunately, the way theytell other times are the same as that used in the States, so there's usually no misunderstanding between people from the two cultures. However, there is this one difference and Fan learns it by paying a fine since she may hold that her culture is the center of the world.Case 23:Girl-nessThis case can reflect one of the translation problems: the lack of conceptual equivalence,which refers to abstract ideas that may not exist in the same fashion in different languages.Different cultures may attach different meanings to the same thing or person. Concerning this case,we should know what young females call themselves is very different in China from the States. In China, "girl" means someone who is young and single. In a way, it makes a female sound moredesirable to be called a girl rather than a woman. For most people, "woman" means someone who is married and who probably is not young. In fact, most single Chinese females, such as university students, would be insulted to be called "women". While in the West, in formal, public settings, itis customary to call any woman who is past puberty a woman, even though she may not be legally old enough to vote, marry, purchase alcoholic beverages, drive a car, or sign a contract. This terminology became widespread during the "women's liberation movement in the 1960s". The term "'girl" is sometimes interpreted to be demeaning or disrespectful.Case 24:An Unfair DecisionThis case reflects prejudice, which involves an unfair, biased, or intolerant attitudetowards another group of people. In this case, Mr. Bias decided to select someone else, instead of applicant from the country Levadel, for the position. That is just because he holds prejudice towards people from the country Levadel.Case 25:Success StoryOne of the sources of the frustration and misunderstandings that occurred in this case was different notions of what was verbally relevant. In this case, Mary was expecting a much more direct response to her question. Ms. Goshima, however, was uncomfortable with the question and felt her response should be very indirect and establish a proper sense of modesty before revealing the answer to the question. If Mary had been more patient, she would have eventually heard the answer to her question, but she was not really paying attention when it finally came because she felt that Ms. Goshima's comments weren't really relevant to her query.Case 26:Slogans and the Importance of LanguageThe intercultural encounters we experience are not only influenced by language and perceptual differences, and language choice based on restricted and elaborated social situations, but also on language and how it is translated for members of a culture. For many reasons linguistic interpretation and semantics provide the source of numerous misunderstandings. For instance, an insurance company discovered that fires inadvertently occurred because warehouse employees acted carelessly around "empty" barrels of gasoline, although they previously had exercised great caution around "full" drums of gasoline. The terms full and empty seem to mask the real danger in working with gasoline drums. Empty drums are extremely combustible, while full drums pose far less threat. The linguistic perception of the word empty in the general culture signified null or void, but in the work culture of volatile products like gasoline the semantic "interpretation" was disastrous. A story is told of a Christian Scientist who refused to take vitamins, since the recommender described them as "medicine." However, the same person gladly took the vitamins when he was told they were "food."Case 28:Two Different Communication StylesThe dialogue takes place between a young couple who have been dating for a short time. The man is a U.S. student, and the woman is from an Asian culture. Note the misunderstanding that results as a consequence of the use of direct and indirect modes of communication.In all likelihood, Jim is not going to get much of an answer from Michiko. She continues throughout the dialogue using rather general answers to Jim's very specific and direct questionsabout her feelings toward the United States. Michiko might believe that Jim is being far too direct and invading her privacy. Besides, the fact that she has traveled halfway around the world should lie indicative of her desire to be here, right? There must he something about the United States that attracted her. Michiko cannot possibly say something critical about the United States because she would lose face, as would Jim, as a native. She relies on imprecise and indefinite answers.Case 29:MisunderstandingIdioms are simply statements that are not strictly true, but their meaning is understood by a group of people. If you ask what happened to Martha and people say, "She kicked the bucket," it does not mean that she literally did this; it means she died. Just like in the case my student's friend did not literally mean that Shang should get out of the apartment. Idioms are common in all cultures, but when used in intercultural settings they can create a lot of confusion. One potential area of misunderstanding related to idioms is when to use them and with whom. For example, I would not use the "kick the bucket" idiom just any setting or with just any person. If I am talking with my grandmother and I am going to tell her about someone who has died, I may use what is often perceived as a gentler idiom and say the person has "passed away." Understanding the context of when an idiom is appropriate or sensible is part of intercultural knowledge.Case 31:Going Out to EatIn the interaction, Jim is a student at a local university. He was born and raised in the United States. Akira is an exchange student from Japan. Jim and Akira are eating dinner together in a local restaurant. They have known each other for only a short time. Not only is Jim's style of communication overtly personal, but he's also quite direct.Jim is trying to involve Akira in the conversation by relating to him his personal experiencesand preferences. Jim uses the first person "I" no fewer than eleven times and even refers to Akira as "Buddy." Akira never refers to himself in the first person; Akira generally defers to Jim and says little, even addressing Jim as "Mr. Jim." As a foreigner, Akira probably sees Jim as socially superior and uses a formal title. Moreover, rather than talking about his personal preferences, Akira mentions that Japanese people enjoy restaurants.Case 32:What Is Wrong with the Interaction?This case can reflect different nonverbal communication patterns exist in the actualintercultural communication. Nonverbal communication differs according to different cultures. People might have different opinions about the proper space, time, body language and paralanguage. If we don’t pay attention to intercultural nonverbal communication, we will have some misunderstanding and conflict. In this case, Jim (an American), Mitsuko and Akira (two Japanese) belong to totally different cultures; they have very different opinions about the space and body languages. Therefore, Mitsuko and Akira felt uncomfortable when Jim gave some exaggerated body language and kept close space distance in communication.Case 33:Are Americans Indifferent?This case can reflect different nonverbal communication patterns exist in the actualintercultural communication, especially facial expression differ according to different cultures. Compared to most Chinese, Americans like to smile a lot and to have causal and rich facial expressions in their daily lives, even though they have some misfortune. In this case, because of the different opinions about facial expressions in intercultural communication, the American lady talked about her father’s sickness and death in a smiling way to show she still has the optimistic way to treat the future life, which is misunderstood as being indifferent and selfish by the Chinese. Case 34:What Is Sue’ s Problem？This case can reflect nonverbal intercultural communication should be according to thedifferent context, too. Context refers to the actual setting when communication occurs and is also important in nonverbal communication. In this case, Sue knew how to wai and she knew that bowing was generally important in the Thai culture, but, as is so easy to do in a new environment, she forgot to consider the context. Relational hierarchy is very important in Thailand. Sue’s deferential actions may have appropriate in certain settings, but given her status of elder visitor such actions directed toward the children were extremely confusing and uncomfortable for the students and teachers alike.Case 35:A QuarrelThis case can reflect the different use and understanding of silence can influence the actual intercultural communication. Different culture might have different interpretations to the silence. The Eastern culture usually attaches more meanings to silence, while the most western cultures consider silence to be absence of communication and most rude communicative behavior. In this case, Li Hua wanted to provide the opportunity for them to calm down and think about the matters carefully and so she kept silence, while this silence was misunderstood by Smith as the absence of communication and he might think Li Hua looked down upon him and became angrier.Case 36:Don’t Put Your Hand on My ArmThis case can reflect different cultures have different opinions to spatial relations. Different cultures have very different opinions about an individual’s unconsciously structuring the microspace immediately surrounding the physical body. Some cultures can have relatively close distance when communicating while other cultures cannot. Some western cultures consider body touch between people of the same gender to be cultural taboo and a symbol of being homosexual. In this case, Sam is from western cultures and knows the social taboo of body touch very clearly, so he wouldn’t let others misunderstand Mark’s close body distance and touch with him, even though Mark from Chile doesn’t know the cultural taboo at all.Case 37:What’s wrong?This case can reflect different gestures can represent different meanings in different culturesand misuse of some gestures can lead to ineffective intercultural communication. For example, the common “OK” gesture means being good and friendly in some western countries such as USA, while in Latin America it represent something dirty and obscene. Therefore, in this case, the gesture of the American politician is really a disaster and it hurt the people in this Latin American country and also made himself to be unwelcome person.Case 38:An American Librarian’s PuzzleThis case can reflect the meanings shown by facial expressions and gestures differ accordingto different cultures in intercultural communication. For example, the smile in China can convey lots of meaning, such as being friendly and attentive and nodding one’s head in China is not always to say “yes”, sometimes it is just to say “I’m listening.” While in USA, nodding one’s head and smiling is usually to say “yes” and show agreement. Therefore, in this case, the American Librarian misunderstood the Chinese student Zhu Xiaohua’s facial expression and gesture–nodding and smiling and felt quite puzzled.Case 39:Marriage and Social StatusShaheed was disappointed, but he understood the problem and accepted the situation. However, in part because of different worldviews, this story really bothers .many Americans.How many differences in worldviews did you recognize in this experience? I count at leastfive. For example, an American would have felt that the hierarchical nature of the situation that helped to establish the concern in the first place was inherently wrong. Shaheed and thewoman would be seen as equals. In addition, if there were to be any differences betweenthe two, they should have been determined by achievement, not ascribed to the individualsby birth. Third, the decision to go with what is wanted by the families or groups involved is inline with a collectivistic approach rather than an individualistic approach, which would have encouraged each person to do what was best for him- or her-self. Fourth, Shaheed'smother's understanding of the meaning of being served bananas at tea depended entirely onlhe context rather than the verbal message. Many Americans who hear this story worry,about whether Shaheed's mother got the right message. Finally, Americans would tend towant to discuss the issue more, asking, "Why won't this work?" and trying to convincethe young woman's mother that it is okay. This orientation is grounded in using communication primarily as an information source rather than as a social lubricant, which Shaheed's mother did by not threatening the face of the other person or the status quo of the current relationship.Case 40:How Can We Lend Money to Her?It is not unusual for married couples to come into conflict over money or how they relate toin-laws, but in this case it is complicated because there are cultural differences in what is good and bad and what is morally appropriate in this situation. In Germany there are strong norms against borrowing unless you absolutely have to, and then you borrow from a bank and pay it back as quickly as you can. Except for very rare occasions in which a child must borrow from a parent, you would never borrow from family members, because they have enough problems of their own. In contrast, Lao borrowing norms indicate that borrowing is a natural and ongoing part of life. No one has everything they need, so everyone will need to borrow at some time. Buddha has said, "Do good and good will be done to you," so loaning is an honor. Finally, borrowing from an institution is frowned upon because you will not get a good deal and it will look like your family does not care about you.Case 41:Getting FrustratedJay was frustrated in large part because many of the norms he was used to didn't apply inSaudi Arabia, and many Saudi norms did not make sense to him. Much of the business done in Saudi Arabia depends on baksheesh, a type of kickback to a middleman (and it is a man), who facilitates contacts between potential business partners. The middleman is doing a service and expects to get paid for it. The more baksheesh the person gives, the more likely it is that the person will succeed, because the middleman will be sure to treat him very well. Giving baksheesh is a norm in the Saudi business community. In addition, Saudis believe that God gave us multifunctional hands and that the hand is our best tool for eating. However, they are also concerned with hygiene. They reserve the left hand for cleaning themselves and use the right hand for eating. Saudis have a number of norms related to restricting male and female interaction that, within the context of their religious beliefs, make perfect sense but would be very inappropriate to most Westerners.Case 42:Wrong Signal?Ning Tong was not observing the house rules for watching TV, which was probably why he eventually stopped saying anything in the argument. Usually, when a Chinese chooses not to say any more things in an argument, it would mean one or both of the following: the person feels that he/she is wrong; the person wants to stop the argument by not talking any more. The latter would often mean tolerance as one has to resist the impulse of reasoning with the other, especially when one feels he/she is right. When Ning Tong became quite, he was hoping that his silence could stop Tom since Tom would not have anything to respond to.Tom was clearly frustrated at not being able to relax and enjoy some programs connectedwith what is happening back home. Tom probably thought Ning Tong’s decision to stop arguing was “passive aggression”--- making the other person look bad by pretending to be mild-mannered or even not interested---yet not yielding in an argument.Case 43:The Improvement Does Not WorkFollowing their individualistic orientations, Mr. Patterson and Mr. Wyman were perfectly comfortable with the idea of creating team leaders within the individual sales groups. However, as Park Young Sam mentions, doing so upset the harmony of the groups, which in turn led to poor performance. In the United States, workers are often motivated by the opportunity for promotion and advancement as this serves the individualistic drive for individual achievement. In collectivistic cultures, however, workers may be motivated by being a part of a cohesive and productive team.Individualism and collectivism are terms that describe whole cultures. But cultures are notpure. Members of collectivist cultures may practice individualistic tendencies while members of individualist cultures may value collectivist ideals. For example, Denmark is a country with both collectivistic and individualistic tendencies. In Denmark, individual freedom is nurtured through a devotion to established traditions and customs. Regarding income and social rank, Danes are staunchly egalitarian. At the same time, however, Danes consider themselves free to be nonconformist and to stand out from the group. In this way, Danes may be at the theoretical midpoint of the individualism and collectivism cultural continuum.Case 44:When Shall We Meet For Dinner?Uncertainty avoidance orientation can be seen in this case. In the dialogue presented below,。
大学英语跨文化交际案例分析
大学英语跨文化交际案例分析Case 2 P8White Dress女王的白色长裙:Case analysis: The Indian women might think the wedding ceremony is a funeral if they see the western bride in white gown. The case reflects the similes and metaphors in the text.案例分析:印度女人可能觉得婚礼是一个葬礼,如果他们看到西方的新娘的白色礼服;这个案例反映了明喻和隐喻在文本;Culture is like an iceberg: we can identify the color of the dress worn by women in different cultures, but we do not know the values underneath. Culture is like the water a fish swims in: people wear dress of different colors for different context but they usually take it for granted and never ask why.文化是像冰山:我们可以辨认颜色衣服的妇女所穿不同的文化,但我们不知道下面的值;文化是像水鱼游在:人们穿不同颜色的衣服为不同的上下文,但他们通常是理所当然的,从不问为什么;Case 4 P18Coconut-skating椰子-溜冰:Case analysis: The case reflects the characteristics of culture. We can tell from the case that culture is pervasive and it’s learned.案例分析:这个事件反映了文化的特点;我们可以告诉从案件,文化是普遍的,这是学习;People may invent different ways for things even as simple as the issue of floor moping. The Philippine woman must have learned this way of mopping from her own culture.人们可能发明东西甚至不同的方式为这样简单的问题的地板闷闷不乐;菲律宾女人必须学习这种方式从她自己的文化的拖地;Case 7 P30Clean up the Bathroom清理浴室:Case analysis: Cultural differences decide the two students are going to communicate in different ways.案例分析:文化差异决定这两个学生要沟通的方式不同;The Chinese student wants the American student to understand the underlying means of his words, but the American student is used to the direct style of communication. This is decided by culture. In Chinese culture, people want to save face of both themselves and others, so they would not express their ideas directly. However, in the United States, unless you express yourself clearly and directly, the others cannot understand you.中国学生想要美国学生理解底层的手段,他的话,但是美国学生用来直接的交流方式;这是由文化决定的;在中国文化中,人们想要挽回面子的两个自己和他人,所以他们不会直接表达自己的想法;然而,在美国,除非你清楚地表达自己,别人不能直接理解你; Case 8 P34She Has Three Hands她有三个指针:This case can reflect the different communication styles between Chinese and Canadians. In western cultures,communication is the means of transmitting ideas. Western people usually communicate directly with each other. 这种情况下可以反映出不同的沟通方式在中国和加拿大人;在西方文化中,沟通是传播方式的想法;西方的人们通常直接彼此通信;That is why the Canadian in this case says what is in his mind directly in front of the Chinese woman without hiding anything. While Chinese culture stresses harmony and emphasizes the relationships between the communicators. Chinese people view communication as a process where all parties are searching to develop and maintain a social relationship. So the Chinese woman in this case tries not to argue with the Canadian face to face to keep the “harmonious relationship” between them.这就是为什么加拿大在这种情况下说什么是在他的脑海里的正前方的中国女人没有隐瞒任何事;虽然中国文化强调和谐,强调了沟通者之间的关系;中国人民视图通信作为一个过程,各方正在寻求开发和维护一个社会关系;所以中国女人在这种情况下努力不认为与加拿大面对面保持“和谐关系”他们;Case 12 P57Why Don’t You Eat the Pizza你为什么不吃比萨饼:This case can reflect the problems appearing during intercultural communication and how ignoring cultural differences can affect communication. 种情况下可以反映了跨文化交际过程中出现的问题以及如何忽视文化差异会影响通信;In Malaysia, where most people are Muslims, people think the left hand is used only for cleaning the body and thus it is dirty and can not be used to pass food. Knowing nothing about the cultural difference, the American student puts himself in an embarrassing situation.这在马来西亚,大多数人是穆斯林,人们认为左手仅用于清洗身体,因此它是脏的,不能被用来传递食物;并不知道其中的文化差异,美国学生把自己放到一个尴尬局面;Their communication belongs to Interracial Communication.他们的通信属于人种间的通信;Case 21 P107A Danish Woman in New York一个丹麦妇女在纽约:This case can reflect assuming similarity instead of difference. When communicating with people from another culture, one is likely to regard and treat other people as “his people” and to assume there must be only one way of doing things: that is “his way”. 这种情况下可以反映相似而不是差异;假设与人交流时从另一种文化,一种可能的方面和治疗别人为“他的人”,认为只能有一个做事的方式:这是“他”;In this case, the Danish woman assumes that her behavior of leaving the baby alone, which is common in Denmark, is also appropriate in New York. Here, she assumes what is suitable in her own culture is also indisputable in another culture. That is why the small conflict happens.在这种情况下,丹麦妇女假设她让孩子一个人呆着的行为是很常见的,这在丹麦,也适用于纽约;在这里,她认为什么是适合自己的文化也无可争辩的另一种文化;这就是为什么小冲突发生;Case 23 P123Girl-ness姑娘冲突:This case can reflect one of the translation problems: the lack of conceptual equivalence, which refers to abstract ideas that may not exist in the same fashion in different language;这种情况下可以反映一个翻译问题:缺乏概念等价,这指的是抽象概念可能不存在的相同的方式在不同的语言;Case 41 P213Getting Frustrated越来越沮丧:Jay was frustrated in large part because many of the norms he was used to didn't apply in Saudi Arabia, and man y Saudi norms did not make sense to him.周杰伦是沮丧在很大程度上是因为许多规范他是用于不适用于沙特阿拉伯,和许多沙特规范没有意义的他;Cultural patterns’ components--norms文化模式的组件——规范Case 43 P226The Improvement Does Not Work改善不工作:Following their individualistic orientations, Mr. Patterson and Mr. Wyman were perfectly comfortable with the idea of creating team leaders within the individual sales groups, which is typical in the United States.他们的个人主义的方向后,帕特森先生和奥先生都完美舒适的想法创造团队领导在个人销售组织,这是典型的在美国; In collectivistic cultures, however, workers may be motivated by being a part of a cohesive and productive team.在集体主义的文化,然而,工人们可能出于作为一个有凝聚力的一部分和有生产力的团队;This case reflects the conflict between individualism and collectivism.这个案例反映了个人主义和集体主义之间的冲突;Case 44 P236When Shall We Meet For Dinner我们什么时候见面吃饭吗:Uncertainty avoidance orientation can be seen in this case. In the dialogue presented below, Kelly and Keiko are interacting about a dinner invitation. Kelly, from the United States, possesses a relatively low uncertainty avoidance index, while Keiko, from Japan, comes from a culture with a relatively high uncertainty avoidance index.不确定性规避取向中可以看到这种情况;下面的对话,凯利和凯科是关于晚餐邀请交互;凯利,来自美国、拥有一个相对较低的不确定性规避指数,而来自日本,Keiko也来自一个文化与一个相对较高的不确定性规避指数;Case 25 P131Success Story一个人的成名史:One of the sources of the frustration and misunderstandings that occurred in this case was different notions of what was verbally relevant, which reflects different verbal communication styles—direct and indirect styles, self-enhancement and self-effacement styles其中一位消息人士的挫折和误解,发生在本例中是不同的概念是口头相关,这反映了不同的言语交际风格直接和间接风格,自增强和谦逊的风格Case 33 P169Are Americans Indifferent是美国人冷漠:This case can reflect different nonverbal communication patterns exist in the actual intercultural communication, especially facial expression differ according to different cultures, which implies the Kinesics.这种情况下可以反映出不同的非语言沟通模式存在于实际的跨文化交流,尤其是面部表情不同根据不同的文化,这暗示了身势;Case 36 P182Don’t Put Your Hand on My Arm不要把你的手放在我的手臂:This case can reflect different cultures have different opinions to spatial relations. Different cultures have very different opinions about an individual’s unconsciously structuring the microspace immediately surrounding the physical body, which implies Proxemics.这种情况下可以反映出不同的文化有不同的意见,空间关系;不同的文化有不同的看法,一个人的无意识地构建microspace立即周围物理身体,这意味着亲近性;Case 48 P257Gift from a Chinese礼物从中国:Chinese people love giving gifts. Usually, the value of the gift is an indication of how important the receiver is in the sender’s eyes. Most people giving gifts are concerned about whether the gift will be seen as valuable enough. An inexpensive gift means a loss of face. North American companies do occasionally receive gifts out of appreciation for the friendship and assistance the manager may provide. Such gifts are treasured; however, the value usually is fairly small, a bottle of wine, a music CD, a small book, or other tokens.中国人喜欢送礼物;通常,礼物的价值是表明重要接收者在发送者的眼睛;大多数人送礼担心是否会被视为有价值的礼物不够;一个便宜的礼物意味着丧失了脸;北美公司偶尔会收到礼物表达对友谊和协助经理可以提供;这样的礼物是珍贵的,然而,这些值通常是相当小的,一瓶酒,一个音乐CD,一个小的书,或其他标记;Case 50 P269Refuse to Be Treated拒绝治疗:In the case just described, the . American medical team system for making sense of the situation demanded that people be seen in order of the seriousness of their injuries or illness. However, the cultural system working for those on the Virgin Islands demanded that elders be seen and treated first. So the case reflect the different roles of family and gender in the health care context in different cultures.刚刚描述的情况下,美国美国医疗团队体系以使意义上的形势要求人们看到订单的严重性,他们的伤害或疾病;然而,文化系统工作对于那些在维尔京群岛要求长老被看到和治疗第一;因此,该案件反映出不同的角色,家庭和性别在医疗保健环境不同的文化;Case 54 P291A Fish out of Water离水之鱼:This case reflects that the boy is experiencing culture shock, which may bring him some psychological symptoms. 这个案例反映了,那个男孩正在经历文化冲击,这可能会给他一些心理症状;Case 55 P299Missing China失踪的中国:This case can reflect reverse culture shock. When people return home after an extended stay in a foreign culture, they experience another round of culture shock in their native culture and they must proceed through the four stages of the U-curve pattern once again, which is known as W-curve pattern.这种情况下可以反映出逆向文化冲击;当人们回家经过一段呆在一个外国文化,他们体验另一轮的文化冲击在他们的本土文化,他们必须继续通过四个阶段的u形曲线模式再次,这被称为w曲线模式;Case 19 P98Who Is the Most Beautiful Woman谁是最漂亮的女人Summary: Manuel was a Philippine lecturer and Fred was a consultuant from another culture. They have totally different idea about who is the most beautiful woman in the reception.摘要:曼纽尔是菲律宾讲师和弗雷德是一个consultuant从另一种文化;他们有完全不同的看法关于谁是最漂亮的女人的接待;Theory: Power distance理论:权力距离Explanation: What is Power distance解释:什么是权力距离Relating: Philippine is a high power distance country where people believe in hierachy. A waitress cannot enjoy the same right as the upper class women. Philippine people accept this inequality with no problem.相关:菲律宾是一个高权力距离的国家,人们相信层次;一个女服务员不能享受同样的权利的上层阶级的女性;菲律宾人接受这种不平等,没有问题;Evaluation: People should know the distribution of power in different cultures might be quite different. This may influence the communication process.评价:人们应该知道的权力分配不同的文化可能相当不同;这可能影响交流过程;Case 58 P310What's the Matter with the Gift什么事的礼物呢Theory: This case can reflect the relationship conflicts in intercultural communication. 理论:这个案例可以反映在跨文化交际的关系冲突;Explanation: Intercultural communication competence is an integrated and complicated competence. In order to have intercultural communication competence, we need to pay attention to every element among it. Relationship conflict is one of them. Some relationship conflicts involve threats to an established relationship. 解说:跨文化交际能力是一个集成的和复杂的能力;为了获得跨文化交际能力,我们需要注意每个元素在它;关系冲突就是其中之一;一些关系冲突涉及威胁建立关系Relating to the case: In this case, the woman in Nukualofa became very angryand shouted the author out because of the rare gift the author sent to her, in fact, the woman’s extreme behavior is because the author‘s behavior of sending the gift has put herself into a position of superiority over the woman, which is a really threat to established relationship—the woman can be a good helper and teacher of the author. The change in established relationship made the woman quite angry. 有关的例子:在这种情况下,女人在努库阿洛法非常生气,大声作者因为罕见的天赋作者发送到她,事实上,女人的极端行为是因为作者的行为发送礼物已经将自己变成一个位置优势的女人,这是一个真正威胁建立关系的女人可以成为一个好帮手和老师的作者;建立关系的变化使女人非常生气;Case 60 P316Demographic Analysis in USA.在美国人口分析;Demographic analysis in this case can reflect that USA is a multicultural society with cultural diversity. Multicultural society refers to the society where there is ethnic diversity within it. And this tendency is more and more universal all over the world. 人口分析在这种情况下可以反映出,美国是一个多元文化的社会与文化的多样性;多元文化的社会是指社会哪里有种族多样性它;和这种趋势越来越普遍世界各地;This case can reflect that culture is are constantly changing over time.这种情况下可以反映出文化是动态的;文化是随着时间不断变化;In this case, the distribution of population is changing all the time, with the decrease of European Americans and the increase of Asian Americans. This change of propotion will lead to the change of cultural phenomenon.在这种情况下,人口分布状况正在改变所有的时间,减少欧洲的美国人,亚裔美国人的增加;这种变化的propotion将导致文化现象的变化;The multicultural society requires a heightened emphasis on intercultural competence. 多元文化社会需要高度重视跨文化能力;Case 64 P345Jane Martin’s Problem 简·马丁的问题This case can reflect intercultural competence is relatively complicat ed and integrated competence, we should take every element influencing intercultural communication into consideration in accentual communica tion. 这种情况下可以反映出跨文化能力相对复杂的和集成的能力,我们应该把每一个元素影响跨文化沟通考虑在重音的通信;In this case, Jane Martin is good at training but is not familiar with new environment –the Korean culture, which is totally different from American culture. Her gender, age, lack of knowledge on the Korean language and culture can be barriers to her effective intercultural communication and good work performance. To Jane Martin, she never sensed it is an intercultural communication and never aware of the future difficulties she will face. Without preparations, it’s hard to her to do intercult uralcommunication. 在这种情况下,简马丁擅长训练但不熟悉新环境——韩国文化,这是完全不同于美国文化;她的性别、年龄、缺乏知识在朝鲜的语言和文化障碍,她可以有效的跨文化沟通和良好的工作表现;简·马丁,她从来没有感觉到这是一个跨文化交流和从来没有意识到对未来将面临的困难;没有准备,很难去做跨文化交流;To guarantee the sucess of intercultural communication, we should take every element influencing intercultural communication into consideration in actual communication.保证成功的跨文化交流,我们应该把每一个元素影响跨文化沟通考虑在实际通信;。
新编跨文化交际英语教程 Case 27
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Question 2
• 2. What do you think was wrong with Hong's arrangement for Joe?
• We Chinese people usually attach great importance to taking good care of our guests to make a guest feel comfortable, and our kindness when it comes to a foreign visitor. But in western, people are usually trained to spend time alone and to do things for themselves when they are still very young. Therefore, they may feel uncomfortable when they are always surrounded by people attempting to be kind to them. Hospitality itself may be something universal, but the form and amount of hospitality differ greatly from culture to culture.
Question 1
• 1. Why did Joe sometimes feel like a prisoner when he was in visiting in China?
跨文化交际-案例分析Case-analysis.ppt
teachers. Maggy looks surprised and thinks,” Am I really so old?"
ko
Case analysis: a poor example
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Case analysis: a better example
To avoid miscommunication, Li Hong and Maggy should learn more about each other’s culture and adjust their behaviors accordingly. When Maggy complimented Li on her sweater and herself, Li could simply reply “thank you”. She could use her nonverbal language to show her respect to Maggy, for instance, with a smile, a handshake, etc. (2 points) As to Maggy, she could use fewer complimentary words or more objective questions to reduce Li’s nervousness. She should also understand that one of the key values in collectivism is deference paid to experience and old age.
大学英语跨文化交际案例分析
⼤学英语跨⽂化交际案例分析⼤学英语跨⽂化交际案例分析Case 2 (P8)White Dress⼥王的⽩⾊长裙:Case analysis: The Indian women might think the wedding ceremony is a funeral if they see the western bride in white gown. The case reflects the similes and metaphors in the text.案例分析:印度⼥⼈可能觉得婚礼是⼀个葬礼,如果他们看到西⽅的新娘的⽩⾊礼服。
这个案例反映了明喻和隐喻在⽂本。
Culture is like an iceberg: we can identify the color of the dress worn by women in different cultures, but we do not know the values underneath. Culture is like the water a fish swims in: people wear dress of different colors for different context but they usually take it for granted and never ask why.⽂化是像冰⼭:我们可以辨认颜⾊⾐服的妇⼥所穿不同的⽂化,但我们不知道下⾯的值。
⽂化是像⽔鱼游在:⼈们穿不同颜⾊的⾐服为不同的上下⽂,但他们通常是理所当然的,从不问为什么。
Case 4 (P18)Coconut-skating椰⼦-溜冰:Case analysis: The case reflects the characteristics of culture. We can tell from the case that culture is pervasive and it’s learned.案例分析:这个事件反映了⽂化的特点。
大学英语跨文化交际案例分析
大学英语跨文化交际案例分析Case 2 （P8)White Dress女王的白色长裙：Case analysis: The Indian women might think the wedding ceremony is a funeral if they see the western bride in white gown. The case reflects the similes and metaphors in the text。
案例分析:印度女人可能觉得婚礼是一个葬礼，如果他们看到西方的新娘的白色礼服。
这个案例反映了明喻和隐喻在文本。
Culture is like an iceberg: we can identify the color of the dress worn by women in different cultures, but we do not know the values underneath。
Culture is like the water a fish swims in: people wear dress of different colors for different context but they usually take it for granted and never ask why。
文化是像冰山：我们可以辨认颜色衣服的妇女所穿不同的文化,但我们不知道下面的值。
文化是像水鱼游在:人们穿不同颜色的衣服为不同的上下文,但他们通常是理所当然的,从不问为什么。
Case 4 （P18)Coconut-skating椰子—溜冰：Case analysis: The case reflects the characteristics of culture. We can tell from the case that culture is pervasive and it’s learned.案例分析：这个事件反映了文化的特点.我们可以告诉从案件,文化是普遍的，这是学习.People may invent different ways for things even as simple as the issue of floor moping. The Philippine woman must have learned this way of mopping from her own culture。
[实用参考]大学英语跨文化交际教程案例分析双语答案.doc
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Case2:WhiteDressCaseanalPsis:TheIndianwomenmightthinktheweddingceremonPisafuneralifthePseethewestern brideinwhitegown.ThecasereflectsthesimilesandmetaphorsintheteGt.Cultureislikeaniceberg:wecani dentifPthecolorofthedresswornbPwomenindifferentcultures,butwedonotknowthevaluesunderneath. Cultureislikethewaterafishswimsin:peopleweardressofdifferentcolorsfordifferentconteGtbutthePus uallPtakeitforgrantedandneveraskwhP.白色的裙子案例分析:印度女人可能认为婚礼是一个葬礼,如果他们看到西方新娘白色礼服。
案例反映了明喻和隐喻的文本。
文化就像一座冰山:我们可以识别妇女所穿的衣服的颜色在不同的文化,但是我们不知道下面的值。
文化就像水中的鱼游:人们穿着不同颜色的不同的背景,但他们通常是理所当然,从不问为什么。
Case4:Coconut-skatingCaseanalPsis:Thecasereflectsthecharacteristicsofculture.Wecantellfromthecasethatcultureispe rvasiveand it’s learned.PeoplemaPinventdifferentwaPsforthingsevenassimpleastheissueoffloormopi ng.ThePhilippinewomanmusthavelearnedthiswaPofmoppingfromherownculture.Coconut-skating案例分析:这一事件反映出文化的特点。
跨文化交际_案例分析Case_analysis
A case
Situation
Li Hong is a new teacher in a middle school. One day, one of her Chinese colleague Yang Zhen introduces her to their middle-aged foreign teacher Maggy.
Case analysis:
As a young and new teacher, Li Hong showed her respect to Maggy with a formal greeting. When Maggy complimented Li on her sweater and herself, Li reacted in a typical Chinese way by overusing modesty in front of a teacher older than her. She displayed her humbleness by saying that her sweater was an old one and she should learn from Maggy, an old teacher. Li’s responses are perfect between Chinese people but terrible in cross-cultural situations like this. She did not realize that her expression of respect could be translated into offence since individualistic cultures do not associate as much deference with age as collectivistic cultures do. Therefore, Maggy, coming from an individualistic culture, was surprised when Li called her “old teacher”. Maggy did not understand that the word “old” here meant as a compliment, meaning that she had richer teaching experience. Both Li Hong and Maggy communicated only from their cultural perspectives and thus caused miscommunication.
跨文化交际case答案解析
Case 1In this case, there seemed to be problems in communicating with people of different cultures in spite of the efforts made to achieve understanding.在这种情况下，尽管人们努力去理解，但在与不同文化背景的人交流时似乎出现了问题。
We should know that in Egypt as in many cultures, the human relationship is valued so highly that it is not expressed in an objective and impersonal way. While Americans certainly value human relationships, they are more likely to speak of them in less personal, more objective terms.我们应该知道，在埃及，就像在许多文化中一样，人际关系被看得如此重要，以至于无法以客观和非个人的方式表达出来。
虽然美国人的确重视人际关系，但他们更倾向于用不那么个人化、更客观的方式来谈论人际关系。
In this case, Richard‘s mistake might be that he chose to praise the food itself rather than the total evening, for which the food was simply the setting or excuse. For his host and hostess it was as if he had attended an art exhibit and complimented the artist by saying, ―What beautiful frames your pictures are in.在这种情况下，理查德的错误可能是他选择赞美食物本身，而不是整个晚上，因为食物只是设置或借口。
大学英语跨文化交际案例分析
大学英语跨文化交际案例分析Case 2 （P8)White Dress女王的白色长裙：Case analysis: The Indian women might think the wedding ceremony is a funeral if they see the western bride in white gown. The case reflects the similes and metaphors in the text。
案例分析:印度女人可能觉得婚礼是一个葬礼，如果他们看到西方的新娘的白色礼服。
这个案例反映了明喻和隐喻在文本。
Culture is like an iceberg: we can identify the color of the dress worn by women in different cultures, but we do not know the values underneath。
Culture is like the water a fish swims in: people wear dress of different colors for different context but they usually take it for granted and never ask why。
文化是像冰山：我们可以辨认颜色衣服的妇女所穿不同的文化,但我们不知道下面的值。
文化是像水鱼游在:人们穿不同颜色的衣服为不同的上下文,但他们通常是理所当然的,从不问为什么。
Case 4 （P18)Coconut-skating椰子—溜冰：Case analysis: The case reflects the characteristics of culture. We can tell from the case that culture is pervasive and it’s learned.案例分析：这个事件反映了文化的特点.我们可以告诉从案件,文化是普遍的，这是学习.People may invent different ways for things even as simple as the issue of floor moping. The Philippine woman must have learned this way of mopping from her own culture。
跨文化CASE
大学英语跨文化交际所有CASE答案Case 2:White DressCase analysis: The Indian women might think the wedding ceremony is a funeral if they seethe western bride in white gown. The case reflects the similes and metaphors in the text. Culture is like an iceberg: we can identify the color of the dress worn by women in different cultures, but we do not know the values underneath. Culture is like the water a fish swims in: people wear dress of different colors for different context but they usually take it for granted and never ask why.案例2：白连衣裙案例分析：印度妇女可能会认为，如果他们看到了西方白色礼服的新娘在婚礼仪式的葬礼。
情况反映了明喻和隐喻在文本中。
文化就像一座冰山：我们可以找出不同文化背景的女性在穿着的礼服的颜色，但我们不知道下面的值。
文化就像是一条鱼游在水：人们穿的礼服不同的颜色，不同的背景，但他们通常把它视为理所当然，从来不问为什么。
Case 4:Coconut-skatingCase analysis: The case reflects the characteristics of culture. We can tell from the case that culture is pervasive and it’s learned. People may invent different ways for things even as simple as the issue of floor moping. The Philippine woman must have learned this way of mopping from her own culture.案例4：椰子-滑冰（用椰油保养地板的方法）案例分析：情况反映了文化的特点。
大学英语跨文化交际案例分析
大学英语跨文化交际案例分析Case 2 (P8) White White Dress Dress 女王的白色长裙:Case Case analysis: analysis: The The Indian Indian Indian women women women might might might think think think the the the wedding wedding ceremony is a funeral if they see the western bride in white gown. The case reflects the similes and and metaphors metaphors metaphors in in in the the the text.text. 案例分析:印度女人可能觉得婚礼是一个葬礼,如果他们看到西方的新娘的白色礼服。
这个案例反映了明喻和隐喻在文本。
Culture is like an iceberg: we can identify the color of the dress worn by women in different cultures, but we do not know the values underneath. Culture is like the water a fish swims in: people wear dress of different colors for different context but they usually take it for granted and never ask why .文化是像冰山:我们可以辨认颜色衣服的妇女所穿不同的文化,但我们不知道下面的值。
文化是像水鱼游在:人们穿不同颜色的衣服为不同的上下文,但他们通常是理所当然的,从不问为什么。
Case 4 (P18) Coconut-skating 椰子-溜冰:Case :Case analysis: analysis: analysis: The The The case case case reflects the reflects the characteristics characteristics of of of culture. culture. culture. W W e can tell from the case that culture is pervasive and it‘s learned. 案例分析:这个事件反映了文化的特点。
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Case Analysis
CASE 27
亚马逊地区从不下雨，因此在该地区， 当地的词汇中没有关于雪的。雪根本 没有出现过。然而，爱斯基摩人关于 雪的词汇过百，差不多和英语词语中 包含的有关“雪”的词语一样多。
Q1：What can be reflected concerning intercultural communication in the case above? Environment can be reflected concerning intercultural communication in the case above. Q2：How does this relate to the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis? The condition of the climate determines culture and the expression. Culture is controlled by and controls language. Eskimo live in the snowy environment for a long time, and they are accustomed to live with snow. So their language are full of words and sentences about“snow”. Snow as part of their life. In the same way, Amazon is tropical rainy climate. It never snows in the area. So they don`t need some words to explain snow and some weather about snow.
Q3：Can you find some similar example in your mother tongபைடு நூலகம்e?
Some Chinese native words such as “功夫”, “太极”, “ 阴阳” which foreign country don`t have. And foreigners can`t translate these words directly, so they only translate by Chinese pronounce like “Kongfu”, “Taiji”, “Yinyang”.