2020届甘肃省镇原县屯字中学0910学年高一下学期期末试题
甘肃省2020版高一下学期期末数学考试试卷(I)卷
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甘肃省2020版高一下学期期末数学考试试卷(I)卷姓名:________ 班级:________ 成绩:________一、选择题 (共10题;共20分)1. (2分)设等差数列的前项和为,且满足,则下列数值最大的是()A .B .C .D .2. (2分) (2016高一下·安徽期中) 已知点A(1,﹣1),B(4,0),C(2,2),平面区域D是所有满足=λ +μ (1<λ≤a,1<μ≤b)的点P(x,y)组成的区域.若区域D的面积为4,则ab﹣a﹣b=()A . ﹣1B . ﹣C .D . 13. (2分) (2019高二下·蒙山期末) 已知的三边满足条件,则()A .B .C .D .4. (2分) (2020高一下·哈尔滨期末) 已知,,则的最小值为()A . 8B . 6C .D .5. (2分) (2016高三上·集宁期中) 设实数x,y满足,则的取值范围是()A .B .C .D .6. (2分) (2016高一下·天水期末) 已知点G是△ABC的重心,且AG⊥BG, + = ,则实数λ的值为()A .B .C . 3D . 27. (2分) (2016高一下·武邑期中) 在等差数列{an}中,an>0,且前10项和S10=30,则a5a6的最大值是()A . 3B . 6C . 9D . 368. (2分)在△ABC中,若,则B的值为().A . 30°B . 45°C . 60°D . 90°9. (2分) (2017高一下·衡水期末) 已知等差数列前n项和为Sn .且S13<0,S12>0,则此数列中绝对值最小的项为()A . 第5项B . 第6项C . 第7项D . 第8项10. (2分)若16﹣x2≥0,则()A . 0≤x≤4B . ﹣4≤x≤0C . ﹣4≤x≤4D . x≤﹣4或x≥4二、填空题 (共5题;共5分)11. (1分) (2016高二下·辽宁期中) 观察下列式子:1+ <,1+ + <,1+ + +<,…,根据以上式子可以猜想1+ + +…+ <________.12. (1分) (2017高二下·普宁开学考) 已知正数x,y满足x+y﹣xy=0,则3x+2y的最小值为________.13. (1分)(2017·桂林模拟) 设实数x,y满足约束条件,目标函数z=3x﹣2y的最小值为﹣4,则z的最大值为________.14. (1分) (2019高二上·增城期中) 已知的内角、、所对的边分别为、、,若,则等于________.15. (1分) (2016高一下·高淳期末) 已知2x+2y=6,则2x+y的最大值是________.三、解答题: (共4题;共35分)16. (10分)(2015·岳阳模拟) 已知数列{an}前n项和Sn满足:2Sn+an=1.(1)求数列{an}的通项公式;(2)设,数列{bn}的前n项和为Tn ,求证:Tn<2.17. (5分)已知二次函数f(x)=ax2﹣(a+2)x+1(a∈Z),若二次方程ax2﹣(a+2)x+1=0在(﹣2,﹣1)上只有一个实数根,解不等式f(x)>1.18. (10分) (2019高一下·宁江期末) 如图,在四边形中,,, .(1)若,求的面积;(2)若,,求的长.19. (10分)已知函数.(1)若,且,求的最大值;(2)当时,恒成立,且,求的取值范围.四、解答题 (共3题;共17分)20. (1分) (2019高一上·潍坊月考) 已知,则的值域为________.21. (1分)已知在锐角△ABC中,已知∠B=, |﹣|=2,则的取值范围是________22. (15分) (2019高三上·新洲月考) 有人玩掷均匀硬币走跳棋的游戏,棋盘上标有第0站(出发地),在第1站,第2站,……,第100站. 一枚棋子开始在出发地,棋手每掷一次硬币,这枚棋子向前跳动一次,若掷出正向,棋子向前跳一站,若掷出反面,棋子向前跳两站,直到棋子跳到第99站(失败收容地)或跳到第100站(胜利大本营),该游戏结束. 设棋子跳到第站的概率为 .(1)求,,;(2)写出与、的递推关系);(3)求玩该游戏获胜的概率.参考答案一、选择题 (共10题;共20分)答案:1-1、考点:解析:答案:2-1、考点:解析:答案:3-1、考点:解析:答案:4-1、考点:解析:答案:5-1、考点:解析:答案:6-1、考点:解析:答案:7-1、考点:解析:答案:8-1、考点:解析:答案:9-1、考点:解析:答案:10-1、考点:解析:二、填空题 (共5题;共5分)答案:11-1、考点:解析:答案:12-1、考点:解析:答案:13-1、考点:解析:答案:14-1、考点:解析:答案:15-1、考点:解析:三、解答题: (共4题;共35分)答案:16-1、答案:16-2、考点:解析:答案:17-1、考点:解析:答案:18-1、答案:18-2、考点:解析:答案:19-1、答案:19-2、考点:解析:四、解答题 (共3题;共17分)答案:20-1、考点:解析:答案:21-1、考点:解析:答案:22-1、答案:22-2、答案:22-3、考点:解析:。
镇原中学高一期末考试卷
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镇原中学高一期末考试卷一、语文(共120分)1. 阅读理解(40分)(1)请阅读以下文章,并回答下列问题。
[文章内容省略]问题1:请概括文章的主旨大意。
(5分)问题2:分析文中主人公的性格特点。
(5分)问题3:文中使用了哪些修辞手法?请举例说明其作用。
(10分)2. 古诗文默写(20分)请根据题目要求,默写以下古诗文的指定段落或句子。
3. 作文(60分)题目:《我眼中的家乡》要求:结合自己的实际经历,描述家乡的自然风光、人文景观或社会变迁,表达对家乡的热爱和思考。
不少于800字。
二、数学(共120分)1. 选择题(30分)[选择题题目省略]2. 填空题(20分)[填空题题目省略]3. 解答题(70分)(1)根据题目所给条件,证明一个几何定理。
(15分)(2)解决一个代数问题,包括方程的求解和函数的分析。
(20分)(3)应用数学知识解决实际问题,如统计分析、概率计算等。
(35分)三、英语(共120分)1. 听力(30分)[听力材料及问题省略]2. 阅读理解(40分)[阅读材料及问题省略]3. 完形填空(20分)[完形填空材料及问题省略]4. 翻译(10分)将下列句子从中文翻译成英文。
5. 写作(20分)题目:《我的高中生活》要求:描述你的高中生活,包括学习、课外活动和个人感受。
不少于120字。
四、物理(共100分)1. 选择题(30分)[选择题题目省略]2. 填空题(20分)[填空题题目省略]3. 计算题(50分)(1)根据题目所给物理情景,计算物体的运动状态。
(20分)(2)分析电路问题,包括电阻、电流和电压的计算。
(30分)五、化学(共100分)1. 选择题(30分)[选择题题目省略]2. 填空题(20分)[填空题题目省略]3. 实验题(20分)描述一个化学实验的过程和结果,并解释实验现象。
4. 计算题(30分)解决化学平衡、化学反应速率和物质的量计算问题。
六、生物(共100分)1. 选择题(30分)[选择题题目省略]2. 填空题(20分)[填空题题目省略]3. 简答题(20分)回答关于生物体结构和功能的问题。
甘肃省镇原县镇原中学2024届化学高一第二学期期末综合测试模拟试题含解析
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甘肃省镇原县镇原中学2024届化学高一第二学期期末综合测试模拟试题考生请注意:1.答题前请将考场、试室号、座位号、考生号、姓名写在试卷密封线内,不得在试卷上作任何标记。
2.第一部分选择题每小题选出答案后,需将答案写在试卷指定的括号内,第二部分非选择题答案写在试卷题目指定的位置上。
3.考生必须保证答题卡的整洁。
考试结束后,请将本试卷和答题卡一并交回。
一、选择题(每题只有一个选项符合题意)1、俄罗斯科学家最近合成第114号元素的原子,该原子的质量数为289,存在时间达到30秒,这项成果具有重要意义.该原子的中子数与质子数之差是( ) A .175 B .114 C .61 D .2892、下列说法正确的是( )A .某物质在熔融态下能导电,则该物质中一定含有离子键B .2CaCl 中既有离子键又有共价键,所以2CaCl 属于离子化合物C .2N 和2CS 两种分子中,每个原子的最外层都具有8电子稳定结构D .二氧化硅和干冰都是共价化合物,其溶于水的过程中均只需克服分子间作用力 3、下列有关苯、乙酸、乙醇说法正确的是 A .都不易溶于水B .除乙酸外,其余都不能与金属钠反应C .苯能与溴水在铁作催化剂下发生取代反应D .乙醇与乙酸都能发生取代反应4、把0.6mol 气体X 和0.4mol 气体Y 混合于2L 的密闭容器中,发生反应:3X(g)+Y(g) ⇌nZ(g)+3W(g),测得5min 末W 的浓度为0.1mol·L -1,又知以Z 表示的平均反应速率为0.02mol·L -1·min -1,则n 值是 A .2B .3C .4D .65、下列过程的能量变化符合下图所示的是A .酸碱中和反应B .CH 4在O 2中燃烧C.NH4Cl晶体与Ba(OH)2・8H2O晶体混合搅拌D.CaO溶于水生成Ca(OH)26、下列元素中金属性最强的是A.F B.Na C.K D.Cl7、下表是部分短周期元素的原子半径及主要化合价,根据表中信息,判断下列叙述正确的是A.Q+与T2-的核外电子数相等B.L与T形成的化合物不可能含非极性键C.最高价氧化物对应水化物的碱性:Q<MD.R2-的还原性小于T2-的还原性8、分子式为C5H10O3的有机物与NaHCO3溶液反应时,生成C5H9O3Na,而与钠反应时生成C5H8O3Na2。
甘肃省镇原县镇原中学高一下学期期末考试化学试题
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甘肃省镇原县镇原中学2020-2021学年高一下学期期末考试化学试题学校:___________姓名:___________班级:___________考号:___________一、单选题1.下列试剂中,能用于检验酒精中是否有水的是()A.金属钠;B.浓硫酸C.CuSO4·5H2O D.无水硫酸铜2.一次性餐具中,目前最具有发展前景的是:()A.淀粉餐具B.纸木餐具C.塑料餐具D.瓷器餐具3.难溶于水且密度比水小的含氧有机物是()①硝基苯②苯③溴苯④植物油⑤乙醇⑥乙酸乙酯⑦乙酸A.①②③B.①②③④⑤C.④⑥ D.②④⑥4.我们食用的大豆最终水解、补充给人体的主要成分是( )A.氨基酸B.糖类C.蛋白质D.油脂5.下列事实不能用原电池理论解释的是()A.铝片不用特殊方法保存B.生铁比纯铁易生锈C.制氢气时用粗锌而不用纯锌D.工程施工队在铁制水管外刷一层“银粉”6.已知反应A+B==C+D的能量变化如图所示,下列说法正确的是()A.该反应为放热反应B.该反应为吸热反应C.反应物的总能量高于生成物的总能量D.该反应只有在加热条件下才能进行7.下列互为同系物的物质组是()A.12C和13C B.O2和O3C.C2H5OH和CH3OCH3D.CH4和异丁烷8.下列关于糖类、油脂和蛋白质是的说法中,正确的是()A.葡萄糖和蔗糖都能发生水解反应B.油脂有油和脂肪之分,但都属于酯C.糖类、油脂、蛋白质都是由C、H、O、N四种元素组成D.淀粉与纤维素的分子式同为(C6H10O5)n,两者互为同分异构体9.下列有关石油和煤的叙述中,不正确的是( )A.煤的干馏就是将煤隔绝空气加强热使之分解的过程,属于化学变化B.煤的液化就是将煤转化成甲醇、乙醇等液态燃料的过程C.煤的气化就是将煤在高温条件下由固态转化为气态的物理变化过程D.通过催化裂化和裂解,可以获得汽油等的轻质液态油及多种气体化工原料10.下列各组物质的性质比较中,正确的是()A.酸性:HNO3>H2CO3>H2SiO3B.稳定性;H2S>H2O>HFC.还原性:Cl->Br->I-D.碱性:NaOH>Mg(OH)2>Ca(OH)211.“可燃冰”的组成可表示为CH4·(H2O)n,经研究测定,1m3的可燃冰可释放出200m3的CH4气体。
甘肃省镇原县屯字中学高一下学期期末考试试题(英语).doc
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甘肃省镇原县屯字中学高一下学期期末考试试题(英语)I语音(5分)1 .manageA. classicalB. majority C .total D .package2. varyA. material B .Cairo C. measure D. dare3. incredibleA. mirrorB. compassC. repeatD. native4.contactA .suitcase B. match C. situation D. global5. foldA .tobaccoB .golden C. proverb D .cottageII.单项选择(15分,每小题1分,满分15分)从A、B、C、D西个选项中,选出可以填入空白处的最佳选项。
6.Finally,we _______ escape from the fire,though there was heavy smoke.A.tried to B.managed to C.succeeded to D.failed to7.We all think that her blue dress ______the colour of her skin.A.equals B.suits C.fits D.matches8.“I _______awake all night thinking of you,”he ______ to me.A.1ied;lay B.1ay;lay C.1ied;lied D.1ay;lied9.All the names of the guests are ______in the list. I didn’t forget any of them.A.contained B.included C.appeared D.formed10.He has ______ the habit of taking notes while listening in class.A.made B.organized C.formed D.collected11.That piece of music _____ like the singing of many birds.A.sounds B.hears C.looks D.appears12.Since his house was not big enough,he had to____ his study the lab for his experiment.A.find B.turn C.make D.change13.Soon after we left the shop,we got ______ by large crowds of people.A.divided B.separated C.lost D.missing14.Every two months the father asked his son to visit the museum in order to_____ his interest in science.A.develop B.grow C.build D.make15.The English teacher keeps advising us ______ more.A.to practise speaking B.practicing to speakC.to speak practicing D.practicing speaking16.The knowledge we have learnt is growing_______.A.day by day B.day after day C.day in day D.day and day17.Tom used to_______ a difficult person to get along with, but recently he has got used to _____withothers in a friendly way.A.be;work B.be;working C.being;work D.being;working18.Rather than _____ on a crowded bus,he always prefers ______ a bicycle.A.ride;to ride B.to ride;to ride C.ride;ride D.to ride:ride19.“Do you think the weather is good enough for a field trip?’’“Yes.You couldn’t hope for ____day at this time of the year.A.the nice B.the nicest C.a nicer D.a nicehe scientists are _______ a research _____the cause of heart diseases.A.carried out;on B.carrying out;intoC.performing;in D.performed;of第二节完形填空(共;每小题1.5分,满分30分)Tolstoy,the great Russian writer,liked to walk about in the station near his home.One day when he was walking up and down as 21 ,looking at people go on and off the 22,he heard a lady 23 after him.“Hey,you old fellow,go and fetch my handbag in the 24 room which I 25 there.”Tolstoy 26 there.He 27 the bag up and walk quickly along the platform.28 the same time the lady was waiting beside the carriage,looking 29. When at 30 the old man gave the bag to her,she opened it to 31 sure nothing was 32 .“Good,old man,”said the woman.“You are just as quick as I can 33.Here you are.”She gave a coin to him.Tolstoy 34 the coin and put it into his pocket with a smile.But the woman was very 35 when she heard that he was Tolstoy,the author of the great novel War and Peace.She 36 to Tolstoy and said.“Oh.excuse me,how silly I was to 37 you for a porter(搬运工).Please throw back that coin 38 you forgive(原谅)me.”“Oh,madam,why? You have done 39 wrong.”Tolstoy laughed.“The coin is given for my job,so I’ll 40 it.Thank you,madam!”21.A.possible B.often ual D.well22.A.trains B.cars C.planes D.bikes23.A.talking B.speaking C.telling D.shouting24.A.next B.meeting C.waiting D.dining25.A.went B.forgot C.1eft D.bought26.A.passed B.jumped C.went D.entered27.A.1ifted B.gave C.picked D.took28.A.At B.In C.For D.By29.A.happy B.back C.well D.worried30.A.first B.1ast C.end D.sight31.A.make B.do C.take D.get32.A.losing B.inside C.missing D.wrong33.A.expect B.run C.do D.walk34.A.showed B.watched C.accepted D.pecked35.A.angry B.surprised C.happy D.worried36.A.returned B.changed C.said D.turned37.A.pay B.take C.have D.search38.A.unless B.if C.because D.until39.A.something B.everything C.anything D.nothing40.A.throw B.remain C.keep D.stay第三部分阅读理解(共,每小题2分,满分40分)。
甘肃省镇原县镇原中学2020学年高一英语下学期期末检测试题
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甘肃省镇原县镇原中学2020学年高一英语下学期期末检测试题时间:100分钟满分:120分第一部分阅读理解(共两节,满分40分)第一节(共15小题;每题2分,满分30分)A Healthy Habits, Healthy BodyFeel tired lately? Has a doctor said he can't find anything wrong with you? Perhaps he sent you to a hospital, but all the advanced equipment there shows that there is nothing wrong with you.Then, consider this: you might be in a state of subhealth(亚健康).Subhealth, also called the third state or gray state, is explained as a borderline state between health and disease.According to the investigation by the National Health Organization, over 45 percent of subhealthy people are middleaged or elderly. The percentage is even higher among people who work in management positions as well as students around examweeks.Symptoms(症状) include a lack of energy, depression(压抑), slow reactions, insomnia(失眠), agitation, and poor memory. Other symptoms include shortness of breath, sweating and aching in the waist and legs.The key to preventing and recovering from subhealth, according to some medical experts, is to form good living habits, alternate work and rest, exercise regularly, and take part in open air activities.As for meals, people are advised to eat less salt and sugar. They should also eat more fresh vegetables, fruit and fish because they are rich in nutritional elements—vitamins and trace elements that are important to the body.Nutrition(营养) experts point out that it is not good to eat too muchat one meal because it may cause unhealthy changes in the digestive tract(消化系统). They also say that a balanced diet is very helpful in avoiding subhealth.1.It may be easy for middleaged people to be in a state of subhealth because________.A.they have used up their energyB.they have lost their living hopesC.they have more pressure in life and workD.they begin to get older2.As for food, experts suggest that________.A.we should never eat meatB.we should have a variety of foodC.we should eat less than usualD.we should have meals without salt and sugar3.The underlined word “alternate” in this passage is closest in meaning to________.A.arrange by turns B.cause to take placeC.keep up D.take upBOnce there was a poor farmer and his farm belonged to(属于) a rich man. One day he brought a basket of apples to the rich man’s house. On the door steps, he met two monkeys dressed like children. They jumped onto the basket to eat the apples and threw some on the ground. The farmer politely took off his hat and asked the monkeys to get off. They obeyed(服从) and the farmer went into the house. He asked to see the rich man. A servant took him to the room where the rich man was sitting."I have brought you the basket of apples you asked for," he said."But why have you brought a half-empty basket?" the rich man asked. "I met your children outside, and they stole(偷) some of the apples."4. Why did the farmer bring apples to the rich man? BecauseA. he was poorB. he liked the rich manC. his farm belonged to the rich manD. the rich man’s children liked apples5. What did the monkeys do when the farmer was on the doorsteps?A. They jumped and jumped.B. They played.C. They ran away.D. They ate some of the apples.6. The monkeys left the basket becauseA. they had thrown apples on the groundB. the farmer had politely asked them to get offC. they were afraid of the hatD. the farmer was angry with them7. How did the rich man feel when he saw the basket? He feltA. pleasedB. unhappyC. excitedD. movedCI have a neighbor we call “Happy”. I have never seen her angry at anything and never heard her say a harsh (苛刻) word to anyone or about anyone. Happy and her husband Ben, 70, have a huge garden. They spent many happy hours together working on it. Most of the neighbors watched interestingly as Ben doubled the size of their garden. As the cost of food climbed faster than Ben’s beans, we all wished we also had such a large garden. As the restof us spent our dollars at the market, Happy could be seen picking beans in her back yard.Last month, Happy and Ben invited most of the neighborhood over for an “all-d ay food fest”. We were told to bring gloves and arrive very early in the morning. We didn’t know what was about to take place.By 9:00 am, there were nine of us in the garden picking tomatoes, beans, okra, and squash. By 10:00 am, there was lots of laughter. We shared a lot of stories. By five o’clock, everyone was a little drunk from the wine and beer. After dinner, we played games. As we were leaving, Happy and Ben handed each of us a shopping bag filled with the bounty(收成)of the day, already packaged and frozen. What a delightful gift!Well, the point wasn’t so much about the food. The true gift was a day of friends enjoying one another’s company. None of it would have happened if it had been for Happy and Ben’s garden. Now they have a blog about gar dening in case we decided to plant a garden. And I am so proud of my tomato plants!8. We can infer that Happy and her husband Ben_______.A. don’t like spending time with othersB. sometimes quarrel with each otherC. live on the food they grow in their gardenD. are a generous and warm-hearted couple9. According to paragraph 2, people wish they also had a garden so that_______.A. they didn’t have to spend so much money on foodB. they could grow vegetables and sell at the marketC. they could invite their neighbors and hold parties in itD. they could spend happy times together with their family in it10. For what purpose did Happy and Ben invite the neighbors to their garden?A. To ask them to attend a birthday partyB. To help them get to know each other.C. To let them enjoy what they grew in the garden.D. To ask them to share some interesting stories.11. What did the writer most probably think of the time he sp ent in the garden?A. It was too longB. It was wonderful.C. It was not as good as he thought.D. It was too terrible.D How to Become ClevererOnce a boy came to ask a fisherman how to become cleverer, because his mother always called him “foolish boy”.“That’s easy,” answered the fisherman.“I know one way to make you become cleverer.”“Really?”“Of course. It is said a fish head is good for brain. If you eat one, you’ll become cleverer indeed. Pay only three pounds for one fish head.” The boy paid him three pounds and the fisherman cut off a fish head and handed it to him.A raw fish head is not good—not even for a hungry boy to eat but the boy ate it up in two gulps.“Do you feel anything?” asked the fisherman.“Not in my head,” said the boy.The boy lay on the ground and thought. “One whole fish costs only two pounds. I had paid him three pounds for the fish head. Why couldn’t I have the whole fish for soup, a head for brain and one pound left over?” He jumped up and shouted at the fisherman. “You thief! You are fooling me!” The fisherman laughed, saying, “The fish head works now, you see.”12. The boy ate up the raw fish head only in two gulps, because he __________.A. enjoy itB. wanted to taste itC. took it as a good medicineD. was a foolish boy13. The boy came to the fisherman in order to __________.A. buy a fish headB. ask the fisherman a questionC. buy a whole fishD. A and C14. The boy paid three pounds. He should have had __________.A. a whole fishB. a fish head and one pound backC. a whole fish and one po und backD. a whole fish, a fish head and one pound back15. __________ helped the boy become cleverer.A. A good mealB. The raw fish headC. NothingD. What had happened第二节七选五(共5小题;每小题2分,满分10分)What is a big dream ? (16) Or , is a big dream something that provides only entertainment? Children dream big dreams, but there are three barriersto realizing dreams. They often kill them before they ever have a chance to grow.The SelfImmediately following the birth of a big dream, a negative self-talk takes over and gives all the reasons why it cannot happen. This inside voice isthe ego(自我). It’s there for protecting and sho uld be listened to. (17) Most people are influenced by the inside voice. That’s why only a handfulof people make their dream come true.(18)Family and friends are a lot like the ego. They want to protect those theylove, so they will ofte n list all the reasons why the big dreams won’t come true. Sometimes, family and friends destroy dreams of those they love most,out of their own fear of being left behind.The WorldIf one gets past the first two barriers, one has to face the world. (19) In the past, big dreamers were locked up and sometimes even killed when they were shown to the world. Fortunately, in most of the world today, big dreamersjust get laughed at.The way to realize a big dream is with confidence and action. When children have confidence and then take action, they will be ready to accept any failure. The truth is that every great dreamer whose dreams have never seen the lightof success knows failure well.(20)A.Family and FriendsB.How Big Dreams Die?C.Does a b ig dream show one’s future ?D.They simply fail until they succeed.E.It is the last and the most terrible barrier.F.Sometimes it is right, but more often it is wrongG.And their big dream is to be a rock star or a famous artist.二.完形填空(共20小题;每小题1.5分,满分30分)At the beginning of 20th century, medical scientists made an interesting discovery:we are built not just of flesh and blood but also of time. Theywere__1__to show that we all have a “body clock”__2__us, which controlsthe__3__and fall of our body energies,__4__us different from one day to the next.The__5__of a “body clock” should not be too__6__since the lives of most living things are controlled__7__the 24hour nightandday cycle. Wefeel__8__and fall asleep at night and become__9__and energetic during the day. If the 24hour cycle is__10__, most people experience unpleasant__11__. For example, people who are not__12__to working at night can find that__13__of sleep causes them to__14__badly at work.__15__the daily cycle of sleeping and__16__, we also have other cycles which__17__longer than one day. Most of us would__18__that we feel good on some days and not so good on__19__;sometimes our ideas seem to flow and at other times, they__20__do not exist.1. A. anxious B.ableC.careful D.proud2.A. inside B.aroundC.between D.on3.A. movement B.supplyC.use D.rise4.A. showing B.treatingC.making D.changing5.A. invention B.opinionC.story D.idea6.A. difficult B.excitingC.surprising D.interesting7.A. from B.byC.over D.during8.A. dull B.tiredC.dreamy D.peaceful9.A. regular B.excitedC.lively D.clear10.A. disturbed B.shortenedC.reset D.troubled11.A. moments B.feelingsC.senses D.effects12.A. prevented B.allowedC.expected D.used13.A. miss B.noneC.lack D.need14.A. perform B.showC.manage D.control15.A. With B.As well asC.Except D.Rather than16.A. working B.movingC.living D.waking17.A. repeat B.remainC.last D.happen18.A. agree B.believeC.realise D.allow19.A. other B.the otherC.all other D.others20.A .just B.onlyC.still D.yet三.语法填空(共10小题,每小题1.5分,满分15分)Everyone had a childhood. And childhood experiences are often very funny. Children often make us 1 (laugh).It's true 2 children brighten up a home. They never turn off the lights.I often recall my childhood,the years 3 many interesting things happened. When I was a twoyearold child,both my parents were always verybusy with their work. My mother worked 4 a sales manager in a company while my father served in 5 army. So I lived with my grandma in a village.I was always waiting for my parents at home. Once my father 6 (send) us a photo of his in a soldier's uniform, 7 was posted on the table reminding me of him.Once my mother came to see me and we went 8 (shop) together. On the way we saw a group of soldiers. And when I saw them,I became very 9 (excite).I said in a ringing voice pointing to 10 ,“This is my father,and this is my father,and that is my father,too!”My mother said she would remember that moment all her life.第四部分写作(共两节,满分35分)第一节短文改错(共10小题;每小题1分,满分10分)文中共有10处语言错误,每句中最多有两处。
甘肃省镇原县镇原中学2020-2021学年高一物理下学期期末检测试题(含解析)
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甘肃省镇原县镇原中学20212021学年高一物理下学期期末检测试题(含解析)一、单项选择题:1. 做平抛运动的物体,在水平方向上通过的最大距离取决于A. 物体的高度和重力B. 物体的重力和初速度C. 物体的高度和初速度D. 物体的重力、高度和初速度【答案】C【解析】由平抛运动规律可知:在竖直方向上,水平方向,联立解得水平方向通过的最大距离;故A、B、D错误,C正确。
【点睛】本题要紧考查,对平抛运动分运动的明白得及运动学公式的熟练应用。
2. 关于物体的动能,下列说法正确的是A. 质量大的物体,动能一定大B. 物体的质量不变,速度变为原先的两倍,动能将变为原先的四倍C. 速度方向变化,动能一定变化D. 速度大的物体,动能一定大【答案】B【解析】依照可知,质量大,动能不一定大,可能速度专门小,速度大,动能也不一定大,可能质量专门小,AD错误;依照可知,变为原先的4倍,B正确;速度方向改变,大小不一定边,动能不一定改变,如匀速圆周运动,C 错误.3. 一薄圆盘可绕通过圆盘中心且垂直于盘面的竖直轴OO′转动,如图所示。
在圆盘上放置一小木块。
当圆盘匀速转动时,木块相对圆盘静止。
关于木块的受力情形,下列说法正确的是A. 由于木块做匀速圆周运动,因此,除了受到重力、支持力、摩擦力外,还受向心力B. 由于木块相对圆盘静止,因此不受摩擦力C. 由于木块运动,因此受到滑动摩擦力D. 木块受到圆盘对它的静摩擦力,方向指向圆盘中心【答案】D【解析】物体做匀速圆周运动,合力提供向心力,指向圆心;木块和圆盘相对静止,有相对运动趋势,故受到的摩擦力为静摩擦力,方向指向圆心,因此物体受重力、支持力、静摩擦力,其中重力和支持力二力平稳,静摩擦力提供向心力,向心力是合力,不能说成物体受到向心力,D正确.【点睛】静摩擦力的方向与物体的相对运动趋势方向相反,本题中静摩擦力指向圆心,说明物体相对圆盘有向外滑动的趋势!4. 放在光滑水平面上的物体,在两个互相垂直的水平力共同作用下开始运动,若这两个力分别做了6J和8J的功,则该物体的动能增加了A. 10JB. 48JC. 14JD. 2J【答案】C【解析】运用动能定理,因此该物体的动能增加了14J,C正确.5. 汽车在平直公路上行驶,它受到的阻力大小不变,若发动机的功率保持恒定,汽车在加速行驶的过程中,它的牵引力F和加速度的变化情形是A. F逐步增大,也逐步增大B. F逐步减大,也逐步减小C. F逐步增小,逐步减小D. F逐步减小,逐步增大【答案】C6. 由于某种缘故,人造地球卫星的轨道半径减小了,那么卫星的A. 速率变大,周期变小B. 速率变小,周期不变C. 速率变大,周期变大D. 速率变小,周期变小【答案】A【解析】试题分析:依照公式可得,故半径减小,速率增大,依照可得,故半径减小,周期减小,A正确;考点:考查了万有引力定律的应用【名师点睛】在万有引力这一块,涉及的公式和物理量专门多,把握公式在做题的时候,第一明确过程中的向心力,然后弄清晰各个物理量表示的含义,最后选择合适的公式分析解题,另外这一块的运算量一是专门大的,因此需要细心运算二、双项选择题:7. 物体在地面邻近绕地球做圆周运动时的速度就叫做第一宇宙速度。
甘肃省庆阳市镇原中学最新高一物理下学期期末考试试题含解析
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9.77m/s2
[2]小球水平方向匀速运动,因此有
v0=Tx
=1.25l T
=1.251.25102 m 0.04s
0.39m/s
12。 利用图甲装置做“验证机械能守恒定律”实验.
(1)为验证机械能是否守恒,需要比较重物下落过程中任意两点间的________. - 10 - / 17
物理精品资料
故选 ACD.
二、实验题(共 20 分)
11。 如图所示为小球作平抛运动的闪光照片,图中每个小方格的边长都是 1.25cm,照片与实际长
度的比例为 4:5,已知闪光频率是 25Hz,则当地重力加速度的值为_______m/s2(保留两位小数),小球
初速度大小为______m/s(保留两位小数)。
- 9 - / 17
g GM G 4 πr
r2
3
星球的表面重力加速度是地球表面重力加速度的 2 倍,所以星球的半径也是地球的 2 倍,由
M 4 πr3 可知,星球质量是地球质量的 8 倍 3
故选C。
7. 如图所示,两根长度相同的细线分别系有两个完全相同的小球,细线的上端都系于 O 点,设法让两个
小球均在水平面上做匀速圆周运动.已知 L1 跟竖直方向的夹角为60°,L2跟竖直方向的夹角为 30°,下
vT
2πv
C。 行星运动的轨道半径为 ﻩD。 行星运动的加速度为
2π
T
- 7 - / 17
物理精品资料
【答案】ACD
【解析】
【详解】AC.设恒星的质量为 M,行星绕恒星运动的半径为 r,行星质量为 m,则:
G
Mm r2
m
v2 r
vT 2πr
解得
r vT 2π
数学卷_届甘肃省镇原县屯字中学0910学年高一下学期期末试题
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屯字中学2010学年度第二学期高一数学期末试卷(考试时间:120分钟 满分150分).选择题(本大题共12小题,每小题5分,共60分)1•已知a,b 都是单位向量,则下列结论正确的是()A. (-8,1);B. (8,-1);33C. — JD. (1,i);11 ........3. arcsin( ——)+arccos(—)的值为(2 2兀兀A.—B.23Tt4.函数 y=2sin(2x+-)的一个对称中心是nJIA.(,,0) B.( —, 0)126兀2兀C.D.23( )2 二C.(,0)D. ( —, 0)3331 3TJ —5. 当一一w x w —时,函数 f (x ) =sin x + ■ 3 cos x 的( )2 26. 在 L ABC 中,已知 sinC=2sin(B+C)cosB,A.等腰直角三角形E.等腰三角形C.直角三角形D.等边三角形7. 已知a 丄b, a =2, b =3,且3a +2b 与—b 垂直,则实数 扎的值为( )八 33+3 彳A. ;B. ;C. ;D. 1;2 2 28. 若向量 a =(1,1),b =(1,T ),c =(T,2),则 c =( )A. a b =1;c. a//b= a =b;D. a b = 0;2.已知 M (3,-2), N(-5,-1),若 MP =1MN ,则P 点的坐标为(2A.最大值是1,最小值是—1C.最大值是2,最小值是—21B.最大值是1,最小值是—一2D.最大值是2,最小值是—1 那么ABC --定是 (A1-3 - 厂1-3 - ^3-1-A. - a b;B. a - b;C. a - b; 2 2 2 2 2 29.函数y=log _.cosx 的单调递减区间为()tan 36A . 2k ,2k:「: (k Z )B. 2k 二,2k 二云(k Z )C. 2k ^ - ^,2k 二】(k Z )11 .已知O 为原点,点A , B 的坐标分别是(a,0),(0,a ),其中常数a 7 ,点P 在线AB 上,且AP =t ・AB (0乞t 乞1),贝U OA*OP 的最大值为( )12. 已知A 、B 、C 三点共线,O 是这条直线外一点,设0A 二a,OB 二b,OC 二c, 且存在实数m ,使ma - 3b • c 二0成立,则点A 分BC 的比为(C.屯字中学2010学年度第二学期高一数学期末答题卷D.D.JI2k ,2k二2(k Z )\ 1… /、10.若 sin——CC1 = 一,cos ——+2。
甘肃省镇原县屯字中学09-10学年高一下学期期末考试(语文)
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屯字中学高一语文下学期期末考试题说明:本试卷分为第I卷和第II卷两部分,共150分,考试时间150分钟第I卷(选择题42分)一、(18分,每小题3分)1、下列句中加点词的注音正确的一项是()A、氓隶(máng)瞋目(chēn) 朱拓(tà)游目骋怀(chéng)B、参乘(chéng) 窈窕(yǎo) 谬种(miào)切而啖之(dàn)C、修禊 (qì) 逡巡(shuō) 执拗(niù)度长絜大(d ù)D、流憩(qì) 鞭笞(chī) 玷辱(diàn)飨士卒(xi ǎng)2.下列词语中,有两个错别字的一组是( )A.卓尔不群出其不意兵荒马乱名副其实B.毕恭毕敬垂拱而治世外桃源题纲挈领C.挥洒自如剽窃成果耳懦目染揠苗助长D.未竟事业名门旺族积重难返座无虚席3.依次填人下列各句横线处的词语,最恰当的一组是 ( )①伴随着工业化的进程,________ 我国面临着资源缺乏和环境恶化的双重压力,然而坚定的走新型工业化道路不容置疑。
②本报________以民为本、善于监督、勇于维护公民权益的宗旨,为广大读者提供详尽、实用的新闻资讯与法律服务。
③市妇联、市体育局决定即日起在全市_________巾帼体育健身志愿者,以便更好地在全市推广科学、文明的体育健身活动。
A.尽管秉承招募 B.不管继承招聘C.不管秉承招聘 D.尽管继承招募4.下列各句中加点的熟语的使用,恰当的一句是()A.他凭借良好的身体素质历经层层筛选,终于走到了飞行员选拔的最后一关,同来的二十多人只剩下他一人,这时已是成也萧何、败也萧何了。
B.小张,我劝你不要挖空心思赚黑钱,俗话说输钱只为赢钱起,你就不怕报应?C.桃李不言,下自成蹊,这件丑事即使不宣传,也会有人知道的。
D.做生意应讲诚信。
像那种“人凭一张嘴,货卖一张皮”的投机取巧的做法,靠蒙骗顾客赚钱是极其愚蠢的。
镇原中学高一期末考试卷
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镇原中学高一期末考试卷以下是镇原中学高一期末考试卷,请同学们认真答题:
一、选择题(每题1分,共20分)
1. 8的3次方等于多少?
A. 24
B. 64
C. 512
D. 1024
2. 中国的首都是?
A. 上海
B. 广州
C. 北京
D. 深圳
3. 5+7的结果为?
A. 11
B. 10
C. 12
D. 13
4. 地球上最大的洲是?
A. 欧洲
B. 亚洲
C. 非洲
D. 大洋洲
5. 计算:12% × 250 = ?
A. 25
B. 30
C. 35
D. 40
二、填空题(每题2分,共10分)
6. 3 × 4 + 5 = ?
7. 58 ÷ 2 = ?
8. 中国最长的河流是()河。
9. 著名诗人杜甫的字是()。
10. 我们生活在一个()的时代。
三、简答题(每题5分,共15分)
11. 什么是水的三态?请简要描述。
12. 请列举一些你知道的动物。
13. 你最喜欢的科目是什么,为什么?
四、综合题(共15分)
14. 如果有一天你发现一只受伤的小鸟,你会怎么去帮助它?请写下你的做法和原因。
15. 请你简要描述一下你对未来的规划和目标。
答题完毕,请同学们按照规定的时间认真答题,祝各位同学考试顺利!。
2024届甘肃省庆阳市镇原县镇原中学高一化学第二学期期末联考试题含解析
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2024届甘肃省庆阳市镇原县镇原中学高一化学第二学期期末联考试题请考生注意:1.请用2B铅笔将选择题答案涂填在答题纸相应位置上,请用0.5毫米及以上黑色字迹的钢笔或签字笔将主观题的答案写在答题纸相应的答题区内。
写在试题卷、草稿纸上均无效。
2.答题前,认真阅读答题纸上的《注意事项》,按规定答题。
一、选择题(每题只有一个选项符合题意)1、在0.1 mol·L-1的NaHCO3溶液中,下列关系正确的是A.c(Na+)>c(HCO3-)>c(H+)>c(OH-)B.c(Na+)=c(HCO3-)>c(OH-)>c(H+)C.c(Na+)+c(H+)=c(HCO3-)+c(OH-)+2c(CO32-)D.c(Na+)+c(H+)=c(HCO3-)+c(OH-)+c(CO32-)2、如图是化学课外活动小组设计的用化学电源使LED灯发光的装置示意图。
下列有关该装置的说法正确的是()A.铜片为负极,其附近的溶液变蓝,溶液中有Cu2+产生B.其能量转化的形式主要是“化学能→电能→光能”C.如果将锌片换成铁片,电路中的电流方向将改变D.如果将稀硫酸换成柠檬汁,LED灯将不会发光3、有些古文或谚语包含了丰富的化学知识,下列解释正确的是A.“日照香炉生紫烟”是因为发生了碘的升华现象B.“熬胆矾铁釜,久之亦化为铜”该过程发生了置换反应C.“冰,水为之,而寒于水”说明相同质量和温度的水和冰,冰的能量高D.“玉不琢不成器”,“百炼方能成钢”发生的均为化学变化4、下列说法正确的是A.石墨和金刚石互为同素异形体B.与互为同分异构体C.H2O、D2O、T2O互为同位素D.CH3OH和 HOCH2CH2OH互为同系物5、在焊接铜器时可用NH4Cl溶液除去铜器表面的氧化铜以便焊接,其反应为:CuO+NH4Cl → Cu+CuCl2+N2↑+H2O(未配平)。
下列说法正确的是A.反应中被氧化和被还原的元素分别为Cu和NB.反应中氧化剂和还原剂的物质的量之比为3∶2C.反应中产生0.2 mol气体时,转移0.6 mol电子D.该反应中被还原的CuO占参与反应CuO的1 26、设N A为阿伏加德罗常数的值,下列叙述中正确的是A.常温常压下,22.4LCO2中所含的分子数为N AB.标准状况下,3.6gH2O所占的体积为4.48LC.常温常压下,28gN2中所含氮原子数为2N AD.2.4g金属镁变为镁离子时,失去的电子数为0.1N A7、下列叙述正确的是A.I A族元素都是金属元素B.在第三周期主族元素中Na的原子半径最大C.焰色反应是一种复杂的化学变化D.碱金属元素的化合物焰色反应均显黄色8、已知相同条件下,物质具有的能量越低,物质越稳定。
2020届甘肃省镇原县屯字中学0910学年高一下学期期末试题
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2020届甘肃省镇原县屯字中学0910学年高一下学期期末试题一•选择题〔此题共15小题,共45分。
每题给出的四个选项中至少有一个选项正确,多项选择、错选不得分,少选得1分,选对得3分〕1 •以下四组物理量中全部属于矢量的是A.力、位移、质量、时刻 E.力、位移、速度、加速度C.质点、质量、时刻、时刻D.时刻、质量、功、功率2. 以下讲法正确的选项是A.物体从高处开释,物体在下落过程中不再受重力的作用E.水面上的物体由于受浮力作用,重力将减小C.物体间存在弹力作用那么物体一定是相互接触的D.当动摩擦因数一定时,物体所受的重力越大,它所受的滑动摩擦力也越大3. 以下讲法正确的选项是A.平均速度也确实是速度的算术平均值 E.物体所受合力为零时,它一定处于静止状态C.作用力与反作用力有时是不同性质的力D.物体速度变化越快那么加速度就越大4. 关于作曲线运动的物体,以下讲法正确的选项是A.速度率一定发生改变 E.所受合外力一定不为零C.速度方向与合外力方向有时就在一条直线上D.合外力一定要做正功5. 小球沿水平桌面以不同速率滑落到地面,以下判定中正确的选项是A.小球在空中的飞行时刻相同 E.小球离开桌面时速率越大,那么飞行时刻越长C.小球离开桌面时速率越大,那么合外力做功越多D.小球离开桌面时速率越小,那么合外力做功越少6. 如图为常见的自行车传B轮与车轴相连,C为车轮。
当动示意图。
A轮与脚登子相连,人登车匀速运动时,以下讲法中正确的选项是A.A轮与B轮的角速度相同B.A轮边缘与B轮边缘的线速度相同C.B轮边缘与C轮边缘的线速度相同D.A轮与C轮的角速度相同7. 关于对功、能概念的明白得,那么以下讲法中正确的选项是A.没有将桌子推动,这是推力做功少,桌子动能没有改变E.铅球推出后在空中飞行,人对铅球一直在做功C.拉着重木箱在地板上滑动,人对木箱作正功D.跑步下楼梯,由于人对自己作正功,因此人的重力势能增大&关于机械能守恒,以下讲法中正确的选项是A.物体做匀变速运动机械能一定不守恒B.物体做匀速直线运动时机械能一定守恒C.掉进水中的物体,在水中下落过程中机械能守恒D.物体作曲线运动时,机械能可能守恒9. 物体由静止动身从光滑斜面顶端自由滑下,当所用的时刻是下滑到低端所用时刻的一半时,物体的动能与势能〔以斜面低端为零势能参考平面〕之比是10. 地球质量大约是月球质量的81倍,一个飞行器在地球与月球之间,当地球对它的引力和月球对它的引力大小相等时,那个飞行器距地心距离与距月心距离之比是A.9:1B.1:9C.27:1D.1:2711. 两颗人造地球卫星绕地球做匀速圆周运动,率之比分不是A.R A:R B=4:1v A:v B=1:2B. .RC.R A:R B=1:4v A: v B=1:2D.R 周期之比T A:T B=1:8,那么轨道半径和运动速A:R B=4:1v A: v B=2:1A:R B=1:4v A: v B=2:112•如图,光滑的斜面放在光滑的水平地面上,质量为静止,那么以下判定中正确的选项是A.斜面一定水平向左运动B.斜面不可能相对地面静止C.斜面所受外力的合力一定水平向左D.斜面所受外力的合力一定水平向右13.人造地球卫星沿圆形轨道绕地球运动时的速度的选项是A. m是地球的质量B. m是卫星的质量m的小球放在斜面上且与斜面相对v .. :m,对该式中的物理量明白得正确C. r是地球的半径D. r是卫星的半径14.如下图,光滑轨道AB、AC与水平方向的夹角分不为不沿AB、AC滑到地面时,以下判定中正确的选项是A. 小球从轨道顶端滑到底端时,时刻相同B. 小球从轨道顶端滑到底端时,速度相同C. 小球从轨道顶端滑到底端时,重力做功相同D. 小球从轨道顶端滑到底端时,重力做功的功率相同30。
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2020届甘肃省镇原县屯字中学0910学年高一下学期期末试题一.选择题〔此题共15小题,共45分。
每题给出的四个选项中至少有一个选项正确,多项选择、错选不得分,少选得1分,选对得3分〕1.以下四组物理量中全部属于矢量的是A.力、位移、质量、时刻B.力、位移、速度、加速度C.质点、质量、时刻、时刻D.时刻、质量、功、功率2.以下讲法正确的选项是A.物体从高处开释,物体在下落过程中不再受重力的作用B.水面上的物体由于受浮力作用,重力将减小C.物体间存在弹力作用那么物体一定是相互接触的D.当动摩擦因数一定时,物体所受的重力越大,它所受的滑动摩擦力也越大3.以下讲法正确的选项是A.平均速度也确实是速度的算术平均值B.物体所受合力为零时,它一定处于静止状态C.作用力与反作用力有时是不同性质的力D.物体速度变化越快那么加速度就越大4.关于作曲线运动的物体,以下讲法正确的选项是A.速度率一定发生改变B.所受合外力一定不为零C.速度方向与合外力方向有时就在一条直线上D.合外力一定要做正功5.小球沿水平桌面以不同速率滑落到地面,以下判定中正确的选项是A.小球在空中的飞行时刻相同B.小球离开桌面时速率越大,那么飞行时刻越长C.小球离开桌面时速率越大,那么合外力做功越多D.小球离开桌面时速率越小,那么合外力做功越少6.如图为常见的自行车传动示意图。
A轮与脚登子相连,B轮与车轴相连,C为车轮。
当人登车匀速运动时,以下讲法中正确的选项是A.A轮与B轮的角速度相同B.A轮边缘与B轮边缘的线速度相同C.B轮边缘与C轮边缘的线速度相同D.A轮与C轮的角速度相同7.关于对功、能概念的明白得,那么以下讲法中正确的选项是A.没有将桌子推动,这是推力做功少,桌子动能没有改变B.铅球推出后在空中飞行,人对铅球一直在做功 C.拉着重木箱在地板上滑动,人对木箱作正功D.跑步下楼梯,由于人对自己作正功,因此人的重力势能增大 8.关于机械能守恒,以下讲法中正确的选项是A.物体做匀变速运动机械能一定不守恒 B.物体做匀速直线运动时机械能一定守恒C.掉进水中的物体,在水中下落过程中机械能守恒 D.物体作曲线运动时,机械能可能守恒9.物体由静止动身从光滑斜面顶端自由滑下,当所用的时刻是下滑到低端所用时刻的一半时,物体的动能与势能〔以斜面低端为零势能参考平面〕之比是 A .1:4 B.1:3 C.1:2 D1:110.地球质量大约是月球质量的81倍,一个飞行器在地球与月球之间,当地球对它的引力和月球对它的引力大小相等时,那个飞行器距地心距离与距月心距离之比是 A.9:1 B.1:9 C.27:1 D.1:2711.两颗人造地球卫星绕地球做匀速圆周运动,周期之比T A :T B =1:8,那么轨道半径和运动速率之比分不是A.R A :R B =4:1 vA : vB =1:2B. .R A :R B =4:1 vA : vB =2:1C.R A :R B =1:4 vA : vB =1:2D.R A :R B =1:4 vA : vB =2:112.如图,光滑的斜面放在光滑的水平地面上,质量为m 的小球放在斜面上且与斜面相对静止,那么以下判定中正确的选项是A.斜面一定水平向左运动B.斜面不可能相对地面静止C.斜面所受外力的合力一定水平向左 D.斜面所受外力的合力一定水平向右 13.人造地球卫星沿圆形轨道绕地球运动时的速度rGmv ,对该式中的物理量明白得正确的选项是A.m 是地球的质量 B.m 是卫星的质量 C.r 是地球的半径 D.r 是卫星的半径14. 如下图,光滑轨道AB 、AC 与水平方向的夹角分不为30°和60°,质量为m 的小球分不沿AB 、AC 滑到地面时,以下判定中正确的选项是A .小球从轨道顶端滑到底端时,时刻相同B .小球从轨道顶端滑到底端时,速度相同C .小球从轨道顶端滑到底端时,重力做功相同D .小球从轨道顶端滑到底端时,重力做功的功率相同15.如图,小物块下端连接一轻弹簧。
将小物块从某一高度自由下落,那么以下讲法中正确的选项是A.从弹簧与地面接触起,小物块的动能就开始减少 B.从弹簧与地面接触起,小物块的动能先增加后减少 C.小物块从最低点上升到最高点的过程中机械能不守恒 D.小物块从最低点上升到最高点的过程中合外力的功为零二.填空题〔此题包括3小题,16.17题每空2分,18题每空3分,共17分〕16.在«验证机械能守恒定律»的实验中:〔1〕除了装置图中所提供的器材和所必须的电源外,还需要A .直尺B .天平C .弹簧称〔2〕在实验中发觉个不纸带第一、二点间接近2㎜,这是因为A .这条纸带所受阻力最小B .打这条纸带时打点计时器架的最稳C .这条纸带是在打第一个点的瞬时开始下落的17、在研究弹簧的形变与外力的关系的实验中,将弹簧水平放置测出其 自然长度,然后竖直悬挂让其自然下垂,在其下端竖直向下施加外力F , 实验过程是在弹簧的弹性限度内进行的.用记录的外力F 与弹簧的形变 量x 作出的F -x 图线如下图,由图可知弹簧的劲度系数为 . 图线只是原点的缘故是由于 。
18.在«研究平抛物体运动»的实验中,某同学只记下了竖直方向而没有记录小球开始作平抛运动的O 点,他利用所描画的轨迹做了图中所示的处理。
图中P 、M 、N 为轨迹上的三点,PB 为水平方向,PD 为竖直方向, AM ∥BN ∥PD ,CM ∥DN ∥PB ,测得s AB PA ==,1h PC =,2h CD =。
由此可得:〔1〕小球从P 到M 的时刻为1t ,从M 到N 的时刻为2t ,那么1t 2t 〔填〝大于〞、〝等于〞或 〝小于〞〕 〔2〕小球做平抛运动的初速度为 。
〔3〕小球通过M 点时竖直方向分速度为 。
[注:〔2〕〔3〕要求用s 、1h 、2h 、g 表示]三.运算题〔此题包括4小题,共38分〕解承诺写出必要的文字讲明、方程式或重要演算步骤19. (6分) 质量为m 的物体,初速度为1v ,在与运动方向相同的水平恒力作用下发生一段位移S ,速度增大到2v 。
试依照牛顿运动定律和运动学公式推导动能定理 。
〔只写动能定理结论不得分〕PMNh 1h 2DBA C v 1v 2mF20. (10分) 继〝两弹一星〞、载人航天之后,深空探测比如月球探测工程将成为中国航天史上的第三大里程碑,〝嫦娥一号〞成功进入月球卫星工作轨道后,将会实现对月球的探测打算。
假设〝嫦娥一号〞的轨道半径为r ,地球质量为M ,地球半径为R ,地球表面重力加速度为g ,月球的质量约等于地球质量的1/81,咨询〝嫦娥一号〞绕月球运行的周期将为多少?21. (10分) 质量1=m Kg 的铁块放在水平桌面上,铁块与桌面间的动摩擦因数2.0=μ。
施加在铁块上的水平拉力随时刻规律如下图。
〔g 取10m/s 2〕 〔1〕铁块在4s 内的位移为多大?〔2〕画出铁块在10s 内速度随时刻的变化图线。
22. (12分) 光滑的固定轨道ABC 如下图,其中水平轨道AB 与半径为R 的半圆形圆弧轨道BC 相连接,AB 与圆弧相切于B 点。
质量为m 的小物块静止在水平轨道的P 点, R BP 2=。
现用水水平恒力推动小物块,当小物块运动到B 点时,赶忙撤去推力。
〔小物块可视为质点〕要使小物块沿圆弧轨道上升后能到达最高点C ,咨询推力F 至少为多大?OFCRP BA三、运算题19. (6分)解:设物体的加速度为a依照牛顿第二定律:ma F = 由运动学公式:aS v v 22122=- FS W = av v maW 22122-= 21222121mv mv W -=20. (10分) 解:设〝嫦娥一号〞质量为m 、绕月球运行的周期为T ,月球质量为m 'r Tm r m Gm 2224π='①……………(3分) g RGM=2②……………(3分)由①②得:gr R m g R Mr T 323182ππ='=……………(2分) 22. (10分) 解: 〔1〕设铁块在0-2s 内的位移为1S 、加速度为1a 、2s 初的速度为1v ,2-4s 内的位移为2S 、加速度为2a 。
在0-2s 内:11ma mg F =-μ①……………(1分)21121at S =②……………(1分) 111t a v =③……………(1分)在2-4s 内:2ma mg =μ④……………(1分)22221221t a t v S -=⑤……………(1分) 由①②③④⑤得:铁块在4s 内的位移为2021=+S S m ……………(2分) 〔2〕 (3分)物块从P 点运动到B 点由牛顿第二定律:ma F =②……………(2分)由运动学公式:aR v B42=③……………(2分) 物块从B 点运动到C 点 由动能定理:mgR mv mv B C2212122-=-④……………(2分) 由①②③④得:mg F 45=……………(2分) 解二:设小物块到达C 点时最小速度为C v小物块到达最高点C 的速度最小时,所加推力F 也最小……………(2分)小物块沿圆弧轨道能到达最高点C ,那么有R v m mg C2=①……………(2分)物块从P 点运动到C 点 由动能定理:mgR FR mv C22212-=②……………(4分) mg F 45=……………(4分)。