2013年中考初三语法复习(直接引语与间接引语)
2013中考初中英语语法------直接引语与间接引语教学课件
１）人称的变化 一随主，二随宾，三不变
口诀 说明
引号内的第一人 称变间引后与主 句主语的人称保 持一致 引号内的第二人 称变间引后与主 句宾语的人称保 持一致
直接引语
间接引语
一 随 主
二 随 宾 三 不 变
She said,“ I like She said that she liked tennis Tennis.” He said to Lily, He told Lily that “ you must get she must get up up early” early
特殊疑问句
原来的疑问词作为间接引语的连词，主 句的谓语动词用ask(sb. )来表达，语序 改为陈述句语序
• He said to me，“What's your name?” • He asked me what my name was. • He asked us, “How many car factories have been built in your country?” • He asked us how many car factories had been built in our country.
1.The teacher said to the students, “The earth is round.” The teacher told the students that the earth is round. 2. My father said to me, “I was born in 1961.” My father told me that he was born in 1961.
初中英语知识点归纳直接引语和间接引语
初中英语知识点归纳直接引语和间接引语直接引语（Direct Speech）和间接引语（Indirect Speech）是英语语法中重要的知识点。
在日常交流和书面表达中，人们经常使用直接引语和间接引语来引述他人的话语内容。
本文将对直接引语和间接引语进行归纳总结，帮助读者更好地理解和运用这两种引语形式。
一. 直接引语（Direct Speech）直接引语是将别人的原话直接引述出来的表达方式。
它通常使用引号将原话包裹起来，并在引号前后使用逗号或句号作为标点符号。
直接引语的语气直接、生动，可以准确地传递原始信息。
1. 表达方式：Tom said, "I like chocolate."2. 特点：- 使用引号标注原话；- 使用逗号或句号标点；- 保留原话的时态、人称和语气。
3. 例句：a) She asked, "What time is it?"b) He shouted, "Stop!"二. 间接引语（Indirect Speech）间接引语是将别人的话转述成自己的话的表达方式，同时改变动词的时态、人称以及其他相关的语言表达手法。
与直接引语相比，间接引语更加客观，不再保留原始语气和说话者的个人情感。
1. 表达方式：Tom said that he liked chocolate.2. 特点：- 去除引号，没有标点符号的限制；- 改变动词的时态、人称和语气；- 可能需要改变疑问句的语序。
3. 例句：a) She asked what time it was.b) He shouted to stop.三. 直接引语转换为间接引语的规则1. 时态转换：- 一般现在时变为一般过去时；- 现在进行时变为过去进行时；- 一般过去时变为过去完成时；- 现在完成时变为过去完成时；- 将来时变为将来过去时。
2. 人称变化：- 第一人称变为第三人称；- 第二人称不变化；- 第三人称根据实际情况变化。
中考英语直接引语和间接引语复习试题
直接引语和间接引语直接引述别人的话，叫“直接引语〞。
用自己的话转述别人的话，叫“间接引语〞。
间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。
直接引语一般前后要加引号，间接引语不用引号。
Eg: He said, "I like English."〔直接〕> He said (that) he likes English.〔间接〕一．直接引语假如是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that 引导〔口语中常略〕，从句中的人称、时态、指示代词、时间是状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
1.人称的变化：Eg:(1) Tom asked me, "Can you help me ?">Tom asked me if I could help him.(2) "I'm going to invite my friends to have dinner." Jane to ld me on the phone.>Jane told me on the phone she was going to invite her friends to have dinner.(3) The teacher said, "John, you must bring your book to the class. ">The teacher told John that he must bring his book to the class .(4) He said to me, "Can I use your bike?">He asked me if/whether he could use my bike.(5) She asked him, "Would you like to go shopping with me?">She asked him if/whether he would like to go with her.2.时态的变化：假如主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，直接引语变间接引语时，从句的谓语动词在时态上要作相应的变化。
中考英语复习：直接引语与间接引语
中考英语复习：直接引语与间接引语直接引语和间接引语属于宾语从句范畴。
直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语;用自己的话转述别人的话，或引用自己说过的话，叫间接引语。
下面就是小编给大家带来的关于直接引语和间接引语的复习方法，希望能帮助到大家!1. 直接引语和间接引语的转换方法① 间接引语语序改为陈述句语序陈述句用 that 引导，口语中常省略 She said，例：“I am going to the cinema. ”→ She said (that) she was going to the cinema.② 一般疑问句用if/whether连接，例：“Have you ever travelled by plane?” she asked me.→ She asked me if / whether I had travelled by plane.③ 反意疑问句用if/whether连接，例：He asked，“You are a doctor，aren’t you?”→ He asked (me) if / whether I was a doctor.④ 特殊疑问句由原疑问词连接(如疑问代词是主语，不要改变语序)，例：He asked, “Who will come to help us?”→ He asked who would come to help them.She said, “Where have you been，Simon?”→ She asked Simon where he had been.⑤ 选择疑问句由whether…or 引导，例：Eddie said, “Is this a TV set or a computer?”→ Eddie asked (me) whether that was a TV set or a computer.⑥ 祈使句用“tell /ask /order someone (not) to do something” 结构，将动词原形变为动词不定式，例：“Put up your hands，” said the teacher.→ The teach er told them to put up their hands.“Don’t play football on the street，” the policeman said.→ The policeman ordered us not to play football on the street.。
中考英语复习专题：直接引语和间接引语
直接引语和间接引语知识点：定义：直接引用别人的原话，放在引号内，叫作直接引语，用自己的话转述别人的话，被转述的话不放入引号内，叫作间接引语。
一、直接引语和间接引语的特点引语特点直接引语被引用的话放在引号内直接引语被引用的话是原话，不作任何改动被引用的话之前用“，”或“：”被引用的话结束后，常用“.”“！”“？”等表示句子结束的标点符号常用的引述动词有ask,cry,order,say,add,shout等间接引语在引述动词和被引用的话语之间不用逗号、冒号、引号等有时态的变化有人称、时间、地点等的变化常用的引述动词有ask,cry,order,say,shout,tell 等如：She said,“The sad movie made me cry. ”（直接引语）She said that the sad movie made her cry.(间接引语)二、直接引语和间接引语的转换直接引语在很多情况下可以转换成间接引语，间接引语多以宾语从句的形式表现出来。
转换时应注意句式、人称、时态、指示代词、时间状语和地点状语的变化，同时还应注意方向性动词和句式的变化。
1.人称的变化直接引语在变为间接引语时，人称代词的变化通常遵循“一随主、二随宾，第三人称不更新”的原则。
“一随主”原则：直接引语中的第一人称代词（I，we)变为间接引语时，须与引述动词的主语在人称和数上保持一致。
直接引语：“It was exactly what I needed,"he said.间接引语：He said that it was exactly what he needed.他说这正是他所需要的。
（He为引述动词的主语）“二随宾”原则：直接引语中的第二人称代词(you）变为间接引语时，须与引述动词的宾语在人称和数上保持一致。
直接引语：My teacher told me," You should be on time next time."间接引语：My teacher told me that I should be on time next time.我的老师告诉我下次应该准时。
初三英语专题 直接引语和间接引语讲解及练习
直接引语和间接引语直接引述别人的原话,叫直接引语。
用自己的话转述别人的话,叫间接引语。
例: “I remember I had seen you.” I said.“What’s you name?” she asked.Mary said she had already seen the film.He replied that he was going by train.将直接引语变为间接引语时要做一些相应的变化, 主要有以下几种情况。
1. 时态的变化一般现在时→一般过去时一般将来时→过去将来时现在进行时→过去进行时一般过去时→过去完成时现在完成时→过去完成时例:He said: “I came to help you.” ” He said that he had come to help me.*直接引语如果是客观真理,变间接引语时,时态不变。
例:He said: “Light travels much faster than sound.”He said that light travels much faster than sound. 2. 时间状语的变化n ow → then last month→ the month before today → that night today → that daythree days ago → three days before tomorrow → the next daythis week → that week next month → the next month yesterday → the day beforethe day after tomorrow→ in two days例:She sai d, “I went there yesterday.” She said that she had gone there the day before.3. 指示代词的变化this → that these → those She said: “I will come this morning.” She said that she would go that morning.4. 地点状语的变化here → thereHe said, “My sister was here three days ago.” He said that his sister had been there three days before.5. 谓语动词的变化come → goShe said, “I will come here tomorrow.”She said that she would go there the next day. 6. 人称的变化直接引语变间接引语相当于把直接引语变为宾语从句。
中考英语直接引语和间接引语讲解
2 时态的变化
但是如引述动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词时态一般要作相应的变化
直接引语 一般现在时 现在进行时 一般将来时 将来进行时 一般过去时 将来完成（进行）时 现在完成（进行）时 过去完成（进行）时
间接引语 一般过去时 过去进行时 过去将来时 过去将来进行时
过去完成时 过去将来完成（进行）时 过去完成（进行）时 过去完成（进行）时
4 指示代词的变化
指示代词的变化、地点状语的变化
this that
these those
“You may have this book for one week,”said the librarian. The librarian said that I might have that book for one week.
Direct speech and indirect speech
（直接引语和间接引语）
概念
直接引语 ：直接引述别人的话。一般前后要用引号。 间接引语：用自己的话转述别人的话。不用引号。 间接引语在多数情况下构成宾语从句。
直接引语与间接引语可以相互转换。直接引语转换成间接引语时， 要考虑直接引语含有的四种情况：陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问 句、祈使句。同时，直接引语转换成间接引语时，直从句中有六个 方面要作相应的变化：人称的变化、时态的变化、时间状语的变化、 指示代词的变化、地点状语的变化、动词的变化。
Lucy said: “We will start tomorrow.” Lucy said they would start the next day.
My father asked me,” Are you reading this novel? ” My father asked me if/whether I was reading that novel. （个人补充：并不是在任何句子中都要变化的，主要根据句意来理解）
直接引语和间接引语知识点详解(初中英语专项复习)8
直接引语和间接引语知识点详解（初中英语专项复习）一、直接引语和间接引语的概述在直接引用别人的原话时，被引用的句子称为直接引语。
在用直接引语时，引语前后都要加引号。
引导引语的动词称为引用动词，如：say, ask, answer, reply等。
引用动词多数放在后面，有时放在前面，间或插在引语中间。
在把引用动词放在后面时，有时主语和动词位置可以颠倒(特别是主语较长时)。
【例】“Who is it?” Ann shouted.“I never eat meat,” she explained.“Sit up,” he commanded, “and hold out your hands.”当用自己的话转述别人的话时，被转述的部分称为间接引语。
这时被引语部分常常是引用动词的宾语。
在多数情况下，引语都由连词that引导，但在say, tell等词后可以省略。
【例】He said (that) he had lost the bag.Tell her I am out.二、把直接引语变成间接引语时，要改变的内容1.要根据意思改变人称。
2.要根据时态呼应的原则把时态加以调整。
3.指示代词、时间状语、地点状语和动词也需要作必要的变动。
三、各种句式变间接引语时要发生的变化1.陈述句直接引语如果是陈述句，变为间接引语时，用连词that引导(that可省略)。
【例】Tony said to me, “ I will leave this book in your desk.”→Tony told me (that) he would leave that book in my desk.如果直接引语是表示建议、要求、推测、判断的陈述句，变为间接引语时，可以变为动词不定式、V-ing形式或含虚拟语气的宾语从句。
【例】Jane said to Tony, “You’d better ask your friends for some advice.”→Jane advised Tony to ask his friends for some advice.→Jane suggested Tony asking his friends for some advice.→Jane advised/suggested that Tony (should) ask his friends for some advice.2.一般疑问句、选择疑问句和反意疑问句直接引语是一般疑问句，变为间接引语时，要用连词whether或if引导，同时把原来的疑问句语序变为陈述句语序。
直接引语和间接引语知识点详解(初中英语专项复习) 1
直接引语和间接引语知识点详解（初中英语专项复习）
直接引语：直接引述别人的话，用引号“”括示；间接引语：转述别人的话，不用引号“ ”括示。
直接引语改为间接引语时，如引述动词为过去时，间接引语中的动词、时间、时态、地点、人称等一般要作相应的变化。
应遵循下列规律：
1.各种句型的直接引语改成间接引语时的相应变化：
2.直接引语变间接引语时，几种时态不变的特殊情况：
3.指示代词、时间、地点、时态、少数动词以及人称等一般要作相应的变化。
二重点难点必记（一）使用宾语从句应注意的几个问题。
(全)中考英语复习-直接引语和间接引语
中考英语复习-直接引语和间接引语语法要点：直接引语和间接引语属于宾语从句范畴。
直接引述别人的原话，叫直接引语;用自己的话转述别人的话，或引用自己说过的话，叫间接引语。
由于时间、地点以及人物都有可能起变化，所以间接引语中的时态、人称、语序、指示代词、时间状语、地点状语等要作相应的变化。
1. 直接引语和间接引语的转换方法①间接引语语序改为陈述句语序陈述句用that 引导，口语中常省略She said，例：“I am going to the cinema. ”→She said (that) she was going to the cinema.②一般疑问句用if/whether连接，例：“Have you ever travelled by plane?”she asked me.→She asked me if / whether I had travelled by plane.③反意疑问句用if/whether连接，例：He asked，“You are a doctor，aren’t you?”→He asked (me) if / whether I was a doctor.④特殊疑问句由原疑问词连接(如疑问代词是主语，不要改变语序)，例：He asked, “Who will come to help us?”→He asked who would come to help them.She said, “Where have you been，Simon?”→She asked Simon where he had been.⑤选择疑问句由whether…or 引导，例：Eddie said, “Is this a TV set or a computer?”→Eddie asked (me) whether that was a TV set or a computer.⑥祈使句用“tell /ask /order someone (not) to do something”结构，将动词原形变为动词不定式，例：“Put up your hands，”said the teacher.→The teacher told them to put up their hands.“Don’t play football on the street，”the policeman said.→The policeman ordered us not to play football on the street. 词语辨析1.in front of, in the front ofin front of的意思是“在……前面”?如:There is a tree in front of the house。
初三英语直接引语与间接引语知识精讲
初三英语直接引语与间接引语知识精讲直接引语与间接引语（一）概念介绍：直接引语是直接引述别人的原话。
间接引语是转述别人所说的话。
eg .He said , “I am glad to have a chance to talk with you . ”（直接引语）He said that he was glad to have a chance to talk with me .（间接引语）（二）转换方法：A. 直接引语是陈述句时，改成间接引语要作人称、时态、时间状语、地点状语、指示代词、动词、呼语等方面的变化。
1. 人称的变化，包括人称代词、物主代词、反身代词等。
eg .He said , “I’ve left my book in your room . ”他说：“我把我的书落在了你的房间。
”He told me that he had left his book in my room . 他告诉我他把他的书落在了我的房间。
She said , “He will be busy . ”她说，“他将很忙。
”She said that he would be busy . 她说他将很忙。
2. 时态变化：如果主句的谓语动词是一般过去时，若将直接引语变成间接引语，时态则有如下变化。
直接引语间接引语一般现在时一般过去时现在进行时过去进行时现在完成时过去完成时一般过去时过去完成时过去完成时过去完成时（不变）一般将来时过去将来时eg .（1）He said , “I usually do sport in the morning . ”他说，“我经常在早晨锻炼身体。
”He said that he usually did sport in the morning . 他说他经常在早晨锻炼身体。
（2）Tom told me , “I am playing computer games now . ”汤姆告诉我，“我现在正在打电子游戏。
直接引语和间接引语知识点详解(初中英语专项复习) 2
直接引语和间接引语知识点详解（初中英语专项复习）直接引语和间接引语：在陈述句中,直接引用说话人原来的语句,称为直接引语。
在书写时,直接引语用引号。
用自己的词语来转述表达原来说话人说的内容,称为间接引语。
直接引语改变为间接引语：应注意以下各点A.连接词直接引语如果是陈述句, 用连接词that,但有时可省略直接引语如果是一般疑问句, 、选择疑问句或反意疑问句,变为间接引语时,需用从属连接词whether或if引导, 语序要用陈述语序,词序要改变。
如：Lin Tao said to Miss Green, "Is it made in China?”→Lin Tao asked Miss Green if it was made in China.直接引语如果是特殊疑问句,变为间接引语时, 仍用原来的疑问词引导，,词序是：连词+主语+谓语。
如：Lucy said to me, “How can I help?” →Lucy asked me how she could help. d.直接引语如是祈使句,变间接引语时,须将祈使句变为动词不定式,并在动词不定式前用tell, ask, order.advise,request等He said to the little boy,“ Come here, young man! ”→He asked the little boy to go there. 如：He says,“Close the door.”→He asked you to close the door.“Don’t go out,”she says to me.→She told me not to go out.B.时态a.主句里的动词如果是过去时,间接引语中的时态一般应作相应改变：一般现在时变一般过去时；一般将来时变过去将来时；现在进行时变过去进行时；现在完成时变成过去完成时；一般过去时变成过去完成时；但一般过去时如与一个具体的过去时间连用,则时态不变（1）一般现在时变为一般过去时。
语法直接引语和间接引语的区别
语法直接引语和间接引语的区别引语是表达他人观点、说话或思想的一种方式。
在使用引语时，我们常常会遇到两种形式：直接引语和间接引语。
这两种形式之间有一些区别，本文将分别介绍并比较语法直接引语和间接引语的不同之处。
一、语法直接引语语法直接引语是将他人的原文或原话通过引号直接表达出来，以准确地传达他们的观点。
使用直接引语时，我们需要将原话用引号括起来，并用逗号、冒号或者引号引入。
直接引语的一个常见例子是：他说:“我喜欢吃苹果。
”在这个例子中，直接引语是使用引号将原话包围起来，用于明确标示他的话语。
直接引语的特点是原话非常直接，准确地反映了原作者的语言和思想。
直接引语在写作中常常用于引述他人观点、对话或者述说他人直接的语言表达。
二、语法间接引语语法间接引语是将他人的原文或原话通过自己的语言进行传达。
以间接引语的形式来表达他人的观点或者说话风格。
使用间接引语的时候，我们需要转述他人的原意和观点，通过动词如“表示”、“说”、“告诉”等将原话引入。
间接引语的一个例子是：他说他喜欢吃苹果。
在这个例子中，间接引语是作者自己转述他人的话语，而不是直接引用原话。
间接引语的特点是作者对原话进行了转述，并可能对内容进行了适当的概括和调整。
间接引语常常用于叙述他人观点、引述他人的讲话或证词等。
三、两种形式的区别虽然语法直接引语和间接引语都是引用他人的观点或话语，但它们在使用和表达上有以下几点区别：1. 格式不同：直接引语使用引号括起来，而间接引语不使用引号。
2. 使用动词的差异：直接引语中的动词常为“说”、“写”等与语言直接表达相关的动词。
而间接引语中的动词常为“表示”、“说”、“告诉”等形容态度或者传递信息的动词。
3. 用词和句法结构的变化：直接引语尊重原话的语言风格和用词，而间接引语则以转述者（作者）的语言风格为准，可能对原话进行调整和概括。
4. 引入方式的不同：直接引语常常使用冒号、引号或者逗号等进行引入，以明确标示原话。
初三英语语法(直接引语和间接引语)
初三英语语法直接引语边间接引语（一）、概念：直接引语是直接引用别人的原话, She said, “ I like singing.”间接引语是用自己的话转述出来，She said (that) she liked singing. （二）、直接引语改为间接引语的步骤、方法及注意问题1. 引导词：1）直接引语是陈述句用that(可省)；2）一般疑问句用if或whether;3）特殊疑问句用疑问词注意：祈使句改为间接引语用ask/tell sb. (not)to do sth.2. 语序要用陈述句语序主语+谓语+-------3. 从句中的时态要作相应变化。
1). 如果主句时态是一般现在时态，直接引语原来是什么时态就用什么时态2). 如果主句时态是一般过去时态，间接引语（即宾语从句）要用相对应的过去时态。
4.指示代词：this –that, these ---those 时间状语: today---that day, tonight---that night，now---then, yesterday---the day before, last week---the week before, tomorrow---the next day，next week---the next week. 地点状语：here---there练习一：( )1. I didn’t know _____ they could pass the exam or not.A .that B. what C. which D. whether.( )2. The teacher asked me ________ I hadn’t done my homework.A. how B what C why D if( )3. Nobody knows ____ he was after he graduated from Beijing University.A. what B who C where D how.( )4. Do you want to know ______ in the future?A. What you will look likeB. what will you look like.C. how do you look likeD. how you look like.( )5. Mike ,go and see who _______ football on the playground.A. is playingB. plays C played D were playing.( )6. --Could you tell me __tomorrow morning ?---Well ,it will start at 9:00 o’clock.A. when the meeting will startB. where will the meeting startsC. where the meeting startsD. When the meeting would start. ( )7. We didn’t know when she ___.A .will come B. comes C. came D. come ( )8.When do you think _____ visit her uncle.?A. She was going to B she will go to C. will she go D will she go to. ( )9. The teacher told us the earth ________ round the sun.A. goB. goesC. wentD. would go( )10. We are not sure if it____ tomorrow. If it ____, our sports meeting will be put off.A. will rain, rainsB. rains, will rainC. will rain, rainD. rains, rain ( )11. ---What did her father ask? ---He asked _____yesterday.A. where did she goB. when she goes to schoolC. how does she go to schoolD. if she went to school( )12. There is a new dictionary on the desk. I wonder______.A. whose dictionary is itB. it is whose dictionaryC. whose dictionary it isD. is it whose dictionary( )13.Do you know_______?A. what day is it todayB. how is the weather tomorrowC. who are theyD. where he is( )14. Can you tell me_____ on the Internet?A. how can I use QQB. where can use QQC. how I can use QQD. whether can I use QQ练习二：1. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that _________ never _________ meat.2. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun _____ in the east and _____ down in the west. 3. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked.He asked ________ ________ knew where she ________.4. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said.He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise.5.“Don’t tell him the news.” she said.She told me _______ ______ ______ him the news.6.“Where have you been these days?” he asked.He asked me _______ _______ _______been _______ days.7. “I never eat meat.” he said. He said that ______ never _______ meat8. The teacher said, “The sun rises in the east and goes down in the west.”The teacher said that the sun ______ in the east and ______ down in the west.9. “Do you know where she lives?” he asked. He asked __ __knew where she __.10. “Stop making so much noise, children.” he said.He ______ the children ______ ______ making so much noise.。
中考复习必备 直接引语与间接引语 精心排版 方便打印
直接引语与间接引语1直接引语与间接引语直接引语：用引号原封不动地把某人说的话引述下来间接引语：不用引号转述某人说的话四种不同类型1. 陈述句以“that”引导；例：“Ｉam a doctor.” he says. ∙He says (that) he is a doctor.2. 一般/反意/选择疑问句以“whether”或“if”引导:例：“Have you finished your work?” he asked me. ∙He asked me if /whether I had finished my work.“Do you like the red one or the blue one?” he asked me.∙He wondered whether I liked the red one or the blue one. (wonder=want to know)3. 特殊疑问句以原疑问词引导；例：“What are you doing?” he asked. ∙ He asked what I was doing.4. 祈使句以不定式作复合宾语（宾语补足语）。
例：“Be careful!” he said to me. ∙ He told me to be careful.“Don’t look out of the door.” mother said to him. ∙ Mother asked/told him not to look out of the door.注意：1．由let开头的祈使句，变间接引语时，选用suggest+动名词或+that引导的宾语从句。
例：“Let's go skating for a while,”he said to me.∙ He suggested our going skating for a while.∙ He suggested that we should go skating for a while.Our teacher said, “Let's go boating together.”∙Our teacher suggested going boating together. ∙Our teacher suggested that we should go boating together.2.“Would you like to…？”和“Would you please…？”表示的是请求，变为间接引语时，常用不定式形式。
中考专项复习-直接引语和间接引语
Step 2 间接引语的构成要素
1、不要逗号、冒号、引号。 2、要考虑到人称的变化。 3、要考虑到时态的变化。 4、要考虑到时间状语、地点状语和指
示代词的变化。 My brother said to me ，“I read the book yesterday. My brother told me he had read the book the day before.
Step 3 直接引语转换为间接引语
1、人称的变化 ———— 一主二宾三不 变 2、时态的变化
专 项 复习
集安二中 孙永杰
直接引语和间接引语
当我们引用别人的话时，我们可 以用别人的原话，也可以用自己 的话把别人的意思转述出来。如 果引用原话，被引用部分就是直 接引语，如果是转述原话，则是 间接引语。
Step 1 直接引语的构成要素
1、只须将原话放在引号之中，不作任何变动。 2、没有时态呼应的问题。 3、引用原话前可以用逗号，也可以用冒号。 4 、第二个引号之前，亦即重述的话之末,按
He asked us if /whether we were going away the next day. (如果原句没有间接宾语，可以加一个宾语 him , us,her ,me等）
2 .She said，“I miss you very much .” She told us that she missed us very much.
Step 5 Practice Do some exercises of Direct Speech and Reported Speech (决胜中考 Page 85 )
中学英语语法直接引语和间接引语
中学英语语法直接引语和间接引语引述或转述别人的话称为“引语”。
直接引用别人的原话，两边用引号“ ”标出，叫做直接引语；用自己的语言转述别人的话，不需要引号这叫做间接引语，实际上间接引语大都是宾语从句，其中由祈使句转换的间接引语除外，其转换后是不定式。
那么直接引语为陈述句、一般疑问句、特殊疑问句和祈使句，转换为间接引语时，句子的结构，人称、时态、时间状语和地点状语等都要有变化，如何变化呢?(一)人称的转变1. 直接引语中的第一人称，一般转换为第三人称，如：He said，“I am very sorry. ”He said that he was very sorry.2. 直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对转述人说的，转换为第一人称，如：“You should be more careful next time, ”my father told me.My father told me that I should be more careful the next time.3. 直接引语中的第二人称，如果原话是针对第三人称说的，转换成第三人称。
如：She said to her son, “I'll check your homework tonight. ”She said to her son that she would check his homework that night.4. 人称的转换包括人称代词、物主代词和名词性物主代词等，如：He asked me, “Will you go to the station with me to meet a friend of mine this afternoon?”鯤e asked me whether I would go to the station with him to meet a friend of his that afternoon.总之，人称的转换不是固定的，具体情况，具体对待，要符合逻辑。
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2013中考初三语法复习（直接引语与间接引语）一．概念------引用别人的原话是直接引语。
引用转述了的话是间接引语。
The man asked, “who knows the victim?” =The man asked who knew the victim.二．连词。
1. 引用陈述句时，要在间接引语前加连词that（无意义，可以省略）,并根据意思改变人称，时态“I’m frightened,” said the witness.= The witness said _________________________.2. 引用一般疑问句时，要在间接引语前加连词if/whether(表示“是否”)“Does he know the victim? ”I asked.= I asked _________________________________.3. 引用特殊疑问句时，疑问词就是连词。
She asked “Where is the body?”= She asked ____________________________.4. 引用祈使句时，常用“ask/tell/order+sb.+(not)to do sth.”He said, “Please come here earlier.”= He _______ me_____________ earlier.The teacher said, “Don’t do that again, Tony.”=The teacher ____________________________________.二. 语序------间接引语中使用陈述语序（主语+谓语）I asked, “Who did you wait for yesterday, Tom?”=I asked Tom _________________________________.He asks me , “Will you do the housework ?”= He asks me ___________________________________.The stranger asked，“Which is the way to the railway station?”= The stranger asked me _________________________.三. 时态（1）主句是现在时态，间接引语的时态根据实际情况而定。
（2）主句是过去的时态时，间接引语中要对应改为过去的某一时态一般现在时→一般过去时/现在进行时→过去进行时/现在完成时→过去完成时/一般过去时→过去完成时/一般将来时→过去将来时Mr Wu said, “I heard about the case.” = Mr Wu said that ______ _______ _______ about the case.“The thief is running away,” said Mr. Ma= Mr Ma said that the thief _______ _______ away.(*但客观事实或真理不变化)Mr Wu said, “The sun rises in the east.”= Mr Wu said that the sun _______ in the east.四直接引语变为间接引语时某些指示代词，地点状语，时间状语或动词等做相应的变化指示代词this→that these→those 地点状语here→there 动词come→go bring→take时间状语now→then today→that day yesterday→the day before last month(year, week…)→the month(year, week…)before two days（…）ago→two days(…)before tomorrow→the next daytomorrow morning(afternoon,evening)→the following/next morning(afternoon,evening) tonight→that night next week(…)→the next week(…) this morning→that morningThe man said，“I was not there at that time yesterday”=The man said that he hadn’t been there at that time _____________________.宾语从句一．概念------用在动词（如think,know, believe等）或形容词(如sure, certain等)后，作宾语的句子叫宾语从句。
二．宾语从句的连接词1.当由陈述句充当宾语从句时，使用连接词that（无意义,在口语或非正式文体中常被省略）We all know (________) Earth is becoming more and more crowded and polluted.Many people believe （_______）robots will do most of our work.2.当由一般疑问句充当宾语从句时，使用连接词if或whether（表示“是否”）。
No one is sure _______/_______ these planets could produce enough water.We are wondering _______/________ we can grow planets on Mars.*（注意）以下情况只用whether不用if：（1）We don’t know _______ he is coming the day after tomorrow or not.I wonder ______ he went to Beijing or Shanghai during the past holiday.(2) The little girl can’t decide _______ to buy the book written by Michelle.(3) I am really interested in _______she will come here on time.*I don’t know ______ (是否)he will come tomorrow. ______(假如) he comes, please call me as soon as you can.3.当由特殊疑问句充当宾语从句时，特殊疑问词（who, whom, whose, why, where, how等）就是连接词He no longer knew ________________________（他该怎样处理）the robot.三．宾语从句的语序------陈述句语序一般疑问句以及特殊疑问句构成宾语从句时要注意使用陈述句语序。
Will he come tonight? I’m not certain.=I’m not certain____________________________.What’s Millie’s e-mail address? Do you know?=Do you know_______________________________？*但疑问词做主语的特殊疑问句不要改语序。
Could you tell me __________________________________(昨天谁借了我的字典？)？I don’t know __________________________________(我的电脑出了什么问题？).There are so many people there. I’m wondering_________________________.(发生了什么事情？)四．宾语从句的时态问题（1）主句是现在时态，宾语从句的时态根据实际情况而定。
I remember that I _______(return)it to him already （2）主句时过去的时态时，宾语从句一定要用过去的某种时态He told me that he ________(come) to the party if he was invited.She said that she _________(see) the film, so he didn’t want to see it again.* 宾语从句表示客观事实或真理时，仍使用一般现在时。
He told me that the earth ________(travel) around the sun.She said that many hands ________(make) light work.(人多力量大)五．否定转移主句是第一人称，谓语动词是think, believe, suppose等时，从句中的否定要前移到主句中_______________________________________(我认为潜水不如爬山有趣。
)六．宾语从句的简化I hope that I can receive your letter.(同义句)I hope _______ _______ your letter.She doesn’t know what she should do with the problem. = She doesn’t know _______ _______ _______ with the problem. Exercises：( )1.He asked me _________ we could go to Beijing to watch the game by plane.A. thatB. ifC. how D what( )2.Can you tell me _________?A. what are they dong that forB. why they are doing forC. why are they doing forD. what they are doing that for ( )3. The small girl didn’t know ________ waiting for.A. whom they areB. who are theyC. whom they wereD. who were they( )4. ---- Could you tell me________? --- Yes. They ________ to the museum.A. where the girls are, have goneB. where were the girls, have beenC. where are the girls, have goneD. where the girls were, have been( )5. They said they________ to visit the Summer Palace the next week.A. will visitB. was goingC. had goneD. would go( )6.The young soldier really doesn’t know _______ to stop the baby from crying.A. what to doB. how to doC. when to doD. where to do( )7. ---Let’s go fishing if it _______ this weekend.----But no one knows if it ________.A. is fine, will rainB. will be fine, rainsC. is fine, rainsD. will be fine, will rain( )8. He hasn’t decided ________ to go by bus or by train. A. if B. whether C. how D. that( )9. Could you tell me ________, please?A. how I could get to the Huaihai RoadB. how could I get to Huaihai RoadC. how I can get to Huaihai RoadD. how can I get to Huaihai Road( )10.Which of the following sentences is wrong?A. Could you tell me what has happened toyou?B. Could you tell me what’s wrong with you?C. Could you tell me who did you help?D. Could you tell me who helped you?( ) 11.---A Chinese is coming to work in our school next term. Can you tell me______? ---He will teach us Chinese.A. whose Chinese he will teachB. who he will teach ChineseC. whose Chinese will he teachD. who will he teach Chinese.。