名词与主谓一致

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高中英语语法名词和主谓一致

高中英语语法名词和主谓一致Chapter 1 名词和主谓一致一、名词 1、名词的分类1）专有名词 2）个体名词 3）集体名词 4）物质名词 5）抽象名词*抽象名词具体化（见附1）2、名词的数1）不可数名词 2）可数名词 3）集体名词的数①可表单可表复②只能表示复数4）只有复数形式的名词 5）单复数意义不同的词3、名词的格1）’s所有格的构成 2）of所有格的构成 3）双重所有格*易混名词辨析（见附2）二、主谓一致 1、主谓一致的三原则1）语法一致原则：主单谓单，主复谓复 e.g. The number of mistakes is surprising.They are praised by us.2）意义一致原则：着眼于内在含义而非外在语法形式 e.g. Three months has passed since you left. The old are very well taken care of in our city.3）就近原则：谓语动词和离他近的主语保持人称一致Or, either…or, neither…nor, not only…but alsoe.g. Not only we but also the little girl is fond of the game. Either I or they are responsible for the result of the matter.2、主语的形式1）不定代词作主语①独立的不定代词作主语不定代词either \\neither\\ each\\ one\\ the other\\ another\\ someone\\ anyone\\ somebody\\something\\ anybody\\ anything\\ everyone\\ everybody\\ everything\\nobody\\ no one\\ nothing等作主语时，谓语动词常作单数 e.g. No one likes to belaughed at.Someone is waiting for you at the school gate.②neither\\ either of…作主语+复数名词，谓语动词可单可复 e.g.Either of thetwo films are\\is interesting. ③all作主语主语指人时用复数，指全部事情时用单数 e.g. All are present at the meeting. All is going on very well. ④each⑤such作主语：根据其意义定e.g. Such are the films that we are interested in.Such is Stephen Hawking, who has suffered a great deal but achieved somuch 2）集合名词作主语3）以复数形式结尾的特殊名词作主语①以-ics结尾的表学科的词作主语，谓语动词用单数：mathematics，physics ②形式上是复数的专有名词作主语，谓语动词用单数：the United States③以-s结尾的海峡、山脉、群岛等作主语，谓语动词用复数：the Philippines, the Humalayas 4）单复同形5）含有修饰语的名词作主语①量词修饰的：看量词e.g. This pair of glasses is very expensive. Those packets of sweetsbelong to him.②a group of和a couple of修饰的，谓语动词用复数e.g. A group of students are going to take the bus to school. ③quantity修饰的可数和不可数名词a quantity of 单数 A large quantity of story books has been bought forthe children. quantities of 复数 Quantities of money are needed to equip theschool. ④more(…) than oneMore than one+可数名词单数尽管意义上是复数，但因其中心词是单数，所以谓语动词用单数e.g. More than one person has made the suggestion. More+可数名词复数+than one 谓语动词用复数 e.g. More students than one are against the proposal.⑤many a修饰：形单意复Many a scientist has been trying to research into the SARS vaccine.⑥one(…) or twoone or two 后接可数名词复数，谓语动词用复数 e.g. One or two hours are enough for this work.a\\an +可数名词单数+or two，谓语动词用单数 e.g. One tear or two rollsdown her face.⑦百分数：看被修饰的词 6）the+形容词作主语表一类人，用复数 The injured have been sent to the hospital.表个别或抽象概念，用单数 The new is sure to take the place of the old. 7）非谓语动词形式、从句作主语①非谓语动词形式作主语A.单独的不定式、动名词作主语，谓语动词用单数To prevent the air from being polluted is what we are now researching.B.多个非谓语动词连在一起表达同一概念，谓语动词用单数；表达不同概念，谓语动词用复数。

名词所有格与主谓一致

一、名词所有格1、表示有生命的名词的所有格(1)一般情况，在名词后加“’s ”。

例如：My brother’s bag , the boy’s mother(2)以-s或-es结尾的复数名词，在名词右上方加“’”。

例如：The workers’ club , the birds’ song(3)复合名词的所有格，在该复合名词词尾加“’s ”。

例如：Her son-in-law’s photo(4)如果一样东西为两个人共有，则只在后一个名词后加上“’s ”；如果不是共有，两个名词后面都要加上“’s ”。

例如：Jane and Mary’s father （共有）Jane’s and Tom’s fathers （不共有）(5)在表示“某人家”、“店铺”的名词所有格后面，一般省略它所修饰的名词。

例如：At Mr. Green’s 在格林先生家to my uncle’s 到我叔叔家At the tailor’s 在裁缝店at the doctor’s 在诊所2、表示无生命的名词的所有格(1)通常采用“of+名词”结构来表示名词的所有关系。

例如：The gate of the school, the window of the roomThe contribution of science and technology(2)有些表示时间、距离、国家、城市、团体、机构等无生命东西的名词，也可以加“’s ”来构成所有格。

例如：Today’s newspaper ten minutes’ walkChina’s industry the station’s waiting room3、名词作定语修饰名词有些名词没有相同意义的形容词形式，起修饰作用时也不表示所有关系，此类作定语的第一个名词大部分是对第二个名词进行分类，或是对第二个名词的属性，来源，时间，地点加以说明，这时可以用“名词(单数)+名词”构成。

例如：A flower garden a kitchen table a tooth brushA time table the room number a shoe shopA fashion magazine a trouser pocket a scissor sharpener4、双重所有格(1)双重所有格的结构将of属格和’s属格结合起来表示所有关系。

名词、代词及主谓一致

名词、代词及主谓一致主谓一致通常遵循三条原则，即语法一致，意义一致和就近一致原则。

1．语法一致原则即按主语的语法形式（单复数）确定谓语的形式。

1）单数主语后面跟由with，along with，together with，except引导的介词词组时，谓语用单数形式。

例如：The actress, along with her manager and somefriends, is going to a party tonight.2）在either，neither，one，each，every+n.，everyone，everybody，no one，nobody，anyone，someone，somebody，many a，more than one，one of等后面动词应用单数。

例如：One of my friends has a fine collection of stamps ofevery kind and design.If either of you takes a vocation now, we’ll not beable to finish the work.注意在“one of those who/that”结构中，who/that从句后面的动词应用复数。

而在“the only one ofthose who/that”结构中，who/that从句后面的动词应用单数，例如：One of the patients that were operated on has aninfection.She is the only one of those girls who likes football inour class.2. 意义一致原则即按意义而不按形式来确定主语的单复数以及谓语动词的单复数。

1）集合名词表一个整体时，谓语动词用单数。

常见的有：committee, team, club, crowd, family, group, board, firm, jury, troop, government, army, class, staff, party, union, organization, audience 等。

名词做主语时的主谓一致

• 10)复数形式的单复数同形名词做主语时，按意义一致的原则，用作单数意义时，谓语用单数，反之，谓语用复数。 • 这类名词有:means（方法）works（工厂） species（种类, Chinese, Japanese等。如 :The (This) glass works was set up in 1980. 这家玻璃厂建于1980年。 • The (These) glass works are near the railway station.这些玻璃厂在火车场附近。 • 当他们面前有a，such a，this，that修饰时，谓语用单数；有all，such，these，those修饰时，谓语用复数，但means，no means，the means等词前没有以上修饰词时，可用作单数，也可用作复数。
4)名词所有格之后的名词被省略，这种情况一般只指商店，工厂，住宅等作主语时，谓语动词一般用单数。例如：The doctor’s is across the street.
常见的省略词有the baker’s ,the carpenter’s, the Zhang’s等表示店铺的名词，一般作集体名词看待，但用作主语时，谓语动词往往用复数。
8)一些有两个部分构成的名词表示衣物或工具作主语时，谓语动词通常用复数形式. 例如： glasses ,clothes ,trousers ,shoes ,
compasses ,chopsticks ,scissors 等
但如果主语用“a kind of ,a pair of ,a series of 等+名词”构成时，谓语动词一般用单数形式。
crew, enemy, crowd, government, group, party,词的使用情况类似。“a group (crowd）of+复数名词”等短语之后的谓语动词也同样可用单数或复数，前者强调整体，后者强调各个部分。

名词和主谓一致

高考英语名词与主谓一致的测试热点提示高考英语名词的命题趋势是：在可数名词与不可数名词的辨析及名词的所有格测试基础上，加大了对近义词辨析的考查力度。

主谓一致的命题趋势是：要求考生正确判定常常被其他成份所修饰的句子主语。

考生应重点记住常见的不可数名词，如furniture, nature, space, wealth, information, news, knowledge, traffic等，同时要记住只能修饰不可数名词的数量词（如a great deal of, too much, a large amount of等）；对名词复数形式考生应先记住特殊的情形，如中学英语中以结尾变复数时加es 的名词一样只有以下四个，如negro, hero, tomato, potato.考生只要只要记住如此一个句子就能够够了：the negro hero plants tomatoes and potatoes.(黑人英雄种西红柿和马铃薯)；名词的所有格测试热点是名词修饰名词，一样来讲直接修饰就能够够了，如tea cup.名词复数的测试热点是两个名词连历时是不是同时变复数，一样来讲，变最后一个名词就能够够了，如girl students, 可是man, woman 是特例，前后都变复数，如men doctors, women teachers.主谓一致的测试热点是判定句子的主语及其单、复数形式，尤其是有as well as, together with修饰主语时，尽管翻译成中文主语是复数，但英文中主语仍然为单数时，谓语动词只能是单数形式；另外，有时主语尽管是复数，但在句中表示一个整体概念，谓语也得用单数形式，如A thousand dollars is a big number.有时一个名词做主语，即可表示单数，也可表示复数，要依照上下文意思判定，如family, rest, class等。

1 Professor Smith, along with his assistants, on the project day and night to meetthe deadline .A workB workingC is workingD are workingC professor Smith是句子的真正主语，短语along with his assistants是主语的修饰语，因此谓语要用单数第三人称。

2023年初中英语语法学习之主谓一致高频考点

2023年初中英语语法学习之主谓一致高频考点主谓一致无疑是初中阶段的英语语法学习中的重要语法项目之一，再说从近年的中考来看主谓一致也是一个非常容易考试的知识点。

所以无论是从想要学习好英语的角度还是应对考试的角度来说，掌握主谓一致的知识都是很有必要的。

所谓主谓一致简单说就是，谓语受主语支配，须和主语在人称和数上保持一致。

主谓一致一般遵循三条原则：语法一致原则，意义一致原则和就近一致原则。

名词与主谓一致1.如果主语名词是单数或不可数名词，谓语要用单数形式。

如:Rice is mainly grown in the south of China.水稻主要种植在中国的南方。

My father has a car.我爸爸有辆车。

The weather changes quickly here.这儿的天气变化多端。

2.如果主语是可数名词的复数形式，谓语动词则要用第三人称单数。

如:The flowers come out when spring comes.春天来临时百花盛开。

The students are having English class now.学生们正在上英语课。

3. there be句式中的be动词形式根据be后的第一个名词的数而确定用单数还是用复数形式。

如:There is a pen and some books on the desk.书桌上有一支钢笔和几本书。

There are two pandas and a tiger in this zoo.这个动物园有两只熊猫，一只老虎。

4.如果由and连接的两个做主语的单数名词指的是同一个人或物的时候，谓语动词要用单数形式。

如:The singer and actor, Hu Ge, is very handsome.歌星兼演员的胡歌好帅。

The science and technology plays an important part in China.科学技术在中国扮演着重要的角色。

英语的名词主谓一致性

英语的名词主谓一致性名词的主谓一致性是什么样子的呢?大家知道吗?接下来，小编给大家准备了英语的名词主谓一致性,欢迎大家参考与借鉴。

英语的名词主谓一致性1. 并列结构作主语时与谓语的一致关系a) 由and连接两个名词或者代词作主语时A and B分为以下四种情况：i. A、B表示不同的人、物或者观念的时候，谓语动词要用复数形式Li Ming and Zhang Hua are good students.Both the parents and the children are here.ii. A、B表示同一个人、物或者观念的时候，谓语动词要用单数形式A journalist and author lives in the sixth flat.The turner and fitter is under twenty-five.iii. And连接几个单数主语，主语由each、 every、 no、 many a等词修饰的时候，谓语动词要用单数Each boy and each girl is invited.Every boy and girl is invited.No boy and no girl is there now.iv. A、B为两个不可分的东西时，谓语动词用单数A law and rule about protecting environment has been drawn1 up.Bread and butter is nutritious2.b) 由or, not only… but also …, either… or …, neither… nor …连接主语时，谓语的人称和数与靠近的主语一致(注意，叙述句和疑问句随语序不同而不同)Either you or I am mad.Neither you nor he is naughty.Not only the farmer but also his family were friendly to me.c) 当主语后跟有with, along with, together with, besides, except, like, including, as well as, rather than等词的时候，谓语动词不受词组的影响，仅和主语保持一致All but one were here just now.A library with five thousand books is offered to nation as a gift.2. 单一主语的情况a) 以复数形式结尾的统称名词作主语时，例如physics, maths, economics3, news, means4, works5, 等一般在谓语动词中用单数形式, 当然，若表示复数的意思则另当别论Physics is very important.Every means has been tried.b) 当由至少两个部分组成的工具的名称，或者衣服的名称等作主语时，例如trousers/pants, shoes, glasses, scissors6, goods, clothers等，谓语用复数形式;如果这些词由Pair(suit, piece, series,kind)+ of修饰的时候，谓语动词要用单数My trousers are white and his clothes are black.A pair of scissors is lying in that drawer.但是在these/those pairs (…) of + 复数名词之后，谓语动词则用复数形式These kinds of glasses are popular this summer.3. 动名词，不定式，从句作主语的时候，谓语动词一般要用单数To see is to believe.Swimming is a good way to keep health.Who is her father is not known1.4. 集体名词作主语时a) mankind/humanity/man(人类)作主语的时候，谓语动词一般用单数形式Only man knows how to cook.b) 由people, police, cattle2, youth等集体名词作主语的时候，谓语动词用复数形式The cattle are grazing3 in the field.c) Family, croud, class, public, enemy等集体名词作主语的时候i. 若当整体看，则谓语动词用单数形式Our class is very diligent4.ii. 若他们表示的人或者事物当作若干个个体来看，谓语动词则用复数形式When I came into the room, his family were watching TV.iii. A family/group/class作主语时，谓语动词用单数families/groups/classes作主语时，谓语动词用复数A group is coming to the zoo.5. 其他情况a) 主语为表示距离、时间、长度、价值、金额、重量等复数名词的时候，谓语动词用单数形式3 kilometers is not very far.Three times three makes nine.b) one, every/each one, each, anyone, either, neither + of + 复数名词谓语动词一般用单数形式，因为of之后的复数名词不是主语而是介词of的宾语，of前面的one, every one … 才是主语Neither of them is right.Each of them has a slide.c) none of + 不可数名词——谓语动词用单数形式none of + 可数名词——谓语动词单复均可None of that money in the desk is his.None of his classmates knows the truth.d) 分数或百分数 + of + 词组分数或百分数+ of +词组作主语时，谓语动词的数取决于of后的名词或者代词的数;若名词或代词是复数，谓语动词用复数，若名词或代词是单数，则谓语动词用单数Three-thirds of the surface of the earth is sea.Tens of tons of waste goes into the air with the smoke every day.e) more than one +(单数名词)+单数动词more than two +(复数名词)+复数动词More than one white rose has bloomed.More than two white roses have bloomed.f) a (great) number of + 复数名词——用复数动词the number of + 任何名词——用单数动词A great number of tourists have been to the Great Wall.The number of students in the computer class is limited to ten.g) the + 形容词，表示一类人——谓语动词用复数the + 形容词，表示一类物——谓语动词用单数The rich are for the decision but the poor are against it.The beauty is here.h) every, any, some, no 构成的复合词someone, somebody, something ，no one, nobody, nothing everyone, everybody, everything anyone, anybody, anything这些复合词作主语的时候，谓语动词用单数形式Everyone in the class was surprised at the news.Listen, someone is knocking at the door.。

主谓一致应该注意的10个问题

初中英语语法_主谓一致应该注意的10个问题耀华中学程岗1.某些集体名词如果作为一个整体来看待，谓语动词用单数形式，如果表示集体中的个体成员，谓语动词就要用复数形式。

这类集体名词包括：audience(观众)，class(班级)，club(俱乐部)，company(公司)，crowd(人群)，government(政府)，group(团队)，team(队伍)等。

如：My fa mily is a small one with three people.但people，police，cattle等，只能按照复数对待，谓语动词必须用复数。

如：The people around us are all friendly and helpful.2.当名词词组的中心词表示时间、距离、书名、金额等复数名词时，把这些复数名词看作一个整体，谓语动词用单数形式。

如：Ten years for them was so long because they led a working but hard life.3.由“a pair(a kind，a bottle…)+of+复数名词”作为主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式，但由“pairs( kinds，bottles…)+of+复数名词”作为主语时，谓语动词要用复数形式。

如：This pair of shoes is very nice but expensive.4.不定代词each，every，no所修饰的名词即使以and或逗号连接成多主语时，谓语动词仍用单数形式。

如：Each boy and each girl was given a new book.5.某些只有复数形式的名词(glasses，clothes，trousers，shoes，chopsticks，s cissors等)，谓语动词用复数形式。

如：Those shoes are put under the desk.6.and或both…and连接并列主语，谓语动词通常用复数形式。

英语语法名词做主语时的主谓一致原则

名词做主语时的主谓一致原则一、如果主语是不可数名词,动名词,不定式或从句的时候,谓语动词用单数.Smoking is not a good habit.To live happily needs a lot of things.What I said is true.二、如果由and连接的两个做主语的单数名词指的是同一个人或物的时候,用单数动词.The singer and songwriter is dead.The science and technology plays an important part in China.Bread and butter(=buttered bread) is a good food for patients.“War and Peace” is the best book I have ever read.如果由and连接的两个或更多的主语之前有each, every, many a/an, no的时候用单数名词.Every boy and girl in the class works very hard.Each minute and second is valuable to us.三、主语是单数, 后面跟有with, along with, together with,besides, as well as, but, except, no less than,rather than, more than, like, including, in addition to 的时候, 谓语动词用单数.Jack with his family wants to go to China.He, as well as you, is very honest.No one but I is a student.Her brother, together with his wife and children, was killed in the accident.The father, rather than the brothers, is responsible.四、由some, any, no, every构成的复合代词(sb,sth---)和each, either, neither, one, the other, another, little, a little, much, no one, nothing做主语的时候,谓语动词用单数.Each of you is cleverer than me.Neither student has passed the exam.Is anybody here?五、both, few, a few, several, many以及others做主语的时候,永远用复数动词.Several friends were invited to the party.Both books are sold out.六、all, none, any, some, more和most要是修饰单数名词,谓语动词用单数; 若是修饰复数名词,就用复数动词.Most of the apple is bad.Most of the apples are bad.None of this money is yours.None of the people here are teachers.七、由or连接的两个以上主语时,动词和最接近的主语一致.You or he is wrong.Are you or he wrong?由either…or, neither…nor, not only…but also连接的两个以上主语时,动词和最近的主语一致.Either he or you have to tell the truth.Neither my brother nor his friends are over 18 years old.Not only the basketball players but also the coach was very nervous.八、若主语的复数名词表示的是”一段时间”, “一笔钱”, “一段距离”, “一个数量”, “一个面积”的时候用单数谓语动词.Two weeks is to enough for me to finish it.Five thousand dollars is too much.Ten kilometers is too long for me to run.九、people(人民), police, cattle(牛群)等常用复数动词. 有一些集体名词,如果表示的是整体就用单数动词, 如果表示的是其中的个体就用复数谓语动词.这样的词常见的有family, class, audience, public, team等等.His family are all singers.His family is very large.十、关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，谓语动词与先行词一致。

英语语法系列讲座之一—名词与主谓一致

语法系列讲座之一名词与主谓一致I．名词的数名词可分为可数名词和不可数名词，可数名词有单复数形式。

名词的复数形式有两种，一种是规则复数，即在名词原形之后加-s或-es构成，如chairs, classes, stomachs, churches等；另一种是不规则复数，即不是在词尾加-s或-es构成复数，而是通过内部元音变换或其他方式构成，如tooth—teeth, woman—women, ox—oxen, mouse—mice等。

常用的单复数形式相同的名词：deer, means（方式，手段）, Chinese, Japanese, series（系列）, sheep, species（物种，种类）, works（工厂）, jin（斤）, li（里）, yuan（元）等。

应注意复合名词的复数：looker-on—lookers-on, grown-up—grown-ups, man (woman) servant—men (women) servants等。

总是表达复数概念的名词有：people（人们）, police, poultry（家畜）, cattle（畜群）, mankind, womankind。

常见的不可数名词有：advice（建议）, baggage, bread, cash（现金）,equipment（设备，装备）, furniture（家具）, information, knowledge, luggage, money, news, traffic, trouble, work 等。

II．限定词与名词的搭配关系III．名词所有格的形式和用法名词所有格一般是在词尾加’s构成，如：the boy’s bag, my sister’s husband, our teacher’s room等。

如果原词已经有复数词尾-s则仅仅加一个（’）即可，如：boys’ school, students’ reading room等。

【高中英语语法】名词和主谓一致

①Youth is beautiful.②H e is a youth of twenty①They ha ve achieved remarkable success in their work.②—How about the Christmas evening party?—I should say it was a success.①I bough t a chicken this morning②Please help yourself to some chicken①—I’d like______information about the management of your hotel,please.—Well, you could have____word with the manager. He might be helpfulA.some,aB.an,someC.some,someD.an,a②They sent us word of the latest happenings. 消息（抽象名词）A.aB.anC./D.the③Could we have word before you go to the meeting? 话（个体名词）A.aB.anC./D.the类例：have a dream/a rest/a smoke/a swim/a trip/a wash/a discussion/a lookcustoms(海关), forces(军队), times(时代), sp papers(文件报纸), manners(礼貌), looks(外由连接词and或both…and连接起来的主语后面，要用复数形式的谓语动词。

但若所连接的两个词是指同一个人或物时，它后面的谓语就用单数形式。

由and 连接的并列单数主语前如果分别有no, each, every 或more than a (an)/one,many a (an) 修饰时，其谓语动词要用单数形式。

名词的主谓一致规则

名词的主谓一致规则
名词的主谓一致规则主要涉及三方面原则：语法一致原则、意义一致原则和就近一致原则。

语法一致原则：主语和谓语在语法形式上取得一致，即主语是单数形式，谓语也采取单数形式；主语是复数形式，谓语亦采取复数形式。

意义一致原则：谓语动词要和主语意义上的单复数保持一致。

例如，某些集体名词如team、family等作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。

就近一致原则：当连词or、not...but...、either ...or ...、neither ...nor ...、not only ...but (also) ...等连接两个名词或代词作主语时，谓语动词的形式一般与最靠近的词语保持一致。

此外，还有一些特殊情况需要注意：
代词each以及由every、some、no、any等构成的复合代词作主语时，谓语需用单数。

但each若放在主语后作同位语时，谓语动词用复数形式。

many a或more than one所修饰的短语作主语时，谓语动词多用单数形式。

不可数名词作主语时，谓语动词用单数形式。

并列结构作主语时，需要根据并列项的实际情况选择适当的谓语动词形式。

以上规则需根据实际情况灵活运用，以确保主谓一致。

名词性从句的主谓一致和时态的正确使用

名词性从句的主谓一致和时态的正确使用名词性从句是句子中的一个名词性成分，可以作为主语、宾语、表语或同位语等。

在使用名词性从句时，需要注意主谓一致和时态的正确运用，以确保句子的逻辑关系和语法结构的准确性。

一、名词性从句作主语时的主谓一致名词性从句作主语时，需要注意主谓一致的原则。

即从句中的谓语动词应该与主句中的主语在人称和数上保持一致。

例1：What he said is true.他说的是真的。

例2：Who is responsible for this mess has not been determined yet.谁对这个混乱负有责任还没有确定。

例3：Where the meeting will be held depends on the availability of the conference room.会议将在哪里举行取决于会议室的可用性。

二、名词性从句作宾语时的主谓一致名词性从句作宾语时，有时需要根据从句的内容决定主谓一致的形式。

例1：I don't know what she wants.我不知道她想要什么。

例2：He realizes that he needs to work harder.他意识到他需要更加努力工作。

例3：The teacher asked whether we had finished the assignment.老师问我们是否完成了作业。

三、名词性从句作表语时的主谓一致名词性从句作表语时，谓语动词通常与连系动词的主语保持一致。

例1：The important thing is that you understand the concept.重要的是你理解这个概念。

例2：The problem seems to be that we don't have enough resources.问题似乎是我们没有足够的资源。

例3：His dream is to become a successful entrepreneur.他的梦想是成为一个成功的企业家。

名词和主谓一致讲解

名词和主谓一致讲解一、命题趋势1.名词：（1）语法填空主要考察考生对句子结构的理解，根据名词的地位和作用，对所给单词进行名词或名词的格的转换；根据数量要求，考察名词的单复数形式。

（2）短文改错主要考察名词的单复数形式或名词的格的转换。

2.主谓一致：（1）在语法填空中要求根据主语的情况正确使用动词的形式，主要考察主谓一致的原则及对句子结构的理解能力。

（2）短文改错中要求考生根据句子结构及主语的情况对谓语形式进行判断，改正错误。

二、考纲内容1.名词：掌握常考的名词词义及其单复数形式；掌握名词的所有格的表达方法；明确哪些名词属于不可数名词，了解不可数名词的性质；熟悉包含名词的固定短语和搭配，并能在具体语境中灵活运用。

2.主谓一致：熟知主谓一致三原则，尤其注意主谓的意义一致。

三、名词（一）名词的分类名词按照词汇意义可分为普通名词和专有名词。

1.普通名词（1）可数名词a.个体名词指作为个体二存在的人或东西，可以指具体的人或物。

例： book; gun; countryb. 集体名词指由个体组成的集体例：army; audience; committee; enemy; family; government（2）不可数名词a.物质名词指无法分为个体的东西例：air; sand; water; oilb.抽象名词例：peace; anger; freedom; confidence2.专有名词用来专门指代某人、某物、某地点、某机构、某组织等的名词，首字母一般要大写。

例：the Changjiang River; English; Saturday; WHO （二）名词的数1.可数名词复数的变化(1)可数名词规则复数变化a.一般情况加-s例：students; teachers; doctors; tablesb.以s, x, ch, sh结尾的单词加-es例：glasses; dishes; boxes; watchesc.以“辅音字母+y”结尾的单词需变y为i，在加-es例：families; babies; armies; bodiesd.以“元音字母+y”结尾的单词，直接加-s例：boys; toyse.以fe/f结尾的单词，大都变f/fe为v，在加-es例：thieves; wives; knives; shelves; lives少数直接加-s例：beliefs; proofs; roofs; chiefsf.以o结尾的单词，通常加-s例：radios; videos; zoos; tobaccos有的单词加-es例：heroes; potatoes; tomatoesg.合成名词把中心词变为复数例：passers-by; story-tellers; housewives;sisters-in-law(2)可数名词不规则复数变化man→men; woman→women; tooth→teeth; foot→feet; child→children; goose→geese; mouse→mice; ox→oxen; bacterium→bacteria; crisis→crises; criterion→criteria; datum→data; emphasis→emphases; medium→media; phenomenon→phenomena2.常以复数形式出现的名词clothes衣服; glasses眼镜; chopsticks筷子; trousers 裤子; goods货物; contents目录; sands沙滩; woods森林; times时代; lines台词; surroundings环境; belongings财产; earnings收入; arms武器; manners礼貌; forces军队; savings存款3.有两种复数形式的名词（1）people人民； peoples民族（2）fish鱼（条数）；鱼（种类）fishes4.集体名词的数（1）只表示复数意义的集体名词people人、人们； police警察； cattle牛（2）侧重成员时表示复数意义，侧重整体时表示单数意义的集体名词（这类名词侧重于成员时，表示复数意义，不再变复数形式；侧重整体时表示单数意义，表示多个这样的整体时有复数变化形式）class班级; family家庭; team队; public大众; army军队; government政府5.单复数同形的名词sheep绵羊; deer鹿; works工厂; means方式; series系列; species种类6.名词的数量修饰语（1）只修饰可数名词many; few; several; many a (后接可数名词单数)；a number of; quite a few; dozens of(几十)； scores of（许多，大量）(2)只修饰不可数名词a little; much; a bit of; a great deal of; a large amount of; a sum of(3)修饰可数名词与不可数名词均可some; any; enough; plenty of; a lot of; a mass of; a quantity of; quantities of; most; all（三）名词的所有格1.’s所有格表示人或其他有生命的东西的名词常在词尾加“’s”或“’”，表示所有关系。

主谓一致的10种情况

主谓一致的1０种情况１、集体名词group, class, family, army, enemy,government, 作主语时，如果看成一个整体，谓语用单数；如果看成一个个的个体，谓语用复数。

My family is a large one.我的家庭是一个大家庭。

All my family love music.我的家人都喜欢音乐。

２、当people, police, cattle 等集体名词作主语时，谓语通常用复数。

The police are running after a thief.警察在追赶一个小偷。

３、在there be 句型中，以及由either---or--- ; neither---nor--- ; notonly---but also--- 连接并列主语时，谓语与邻近主语一致。

Either he or his sister takes care of the old man every day.每天要么他要么他的妹妹照顾那个老人。

４、表示时间、长度、距离、重量、容积、价值等复数名词作主语时，常作为一个整体看待，谓语用单数。

Twenty years is a long time.二十年是一个很长的时间。

５、由each, either, neither或由some, any ,no, every 构成的合成代词作主语时，谓语用单数。

Neither of them is interested in maths.他们两人都对数学不感兴趣。

Someone is looking for you.有人在找你。

６、在四则运算中，谓语用单数或复数都可以。

One and three is/are four.一加三是四。

Two times three is/are six.二乘以三是六。

７、当maths, news, physics 等单数概念、复数形式的名词作主语时，谓语用单数。

The news is bad.消息很糟糕。

名词和主谓一致强化训练

一、名词和主谓一致强化训练题1. The number of college students in our country ____ increasing year after year.A. areB. isC. beD. was2. ____ a hardworking race.A. Chinese areB. Chinese isC. The Chinese areD. The Chinese is3. English, as well as Chinese, ____ not easy to master.A. isB. areC. both areD. was4. Wang's family ____ rather big, with 12 people in all.A. isB. areC. beingD. were5. The class ___ divided in ____ opinions on this issue.A. were, itsB. were, theirC. was, itsD. was, their6. “News of victories ____ pouring in as our army advances.” the company commander said.A. keepB. keepsC. keptD. have kept7. John is one of the boys who ___ French quite well.A. speakB. speaksC. spokeD. has spoken8. John is the only one of the boys who ___ French well.A. speakB. speaksC. spokeD. has spoken9. Each of them ___ an English story book.A. have gotB. has gotC. is going to beD. are going to have10. They each ___ an English story book.A. have gotB. has gotC. is going to beD. are going to have11. There ___ nothing but some desks and chairs in the room.A. isB. areC. beD. have been12. ___ number of students ___ swimming in the pool.A. One, areB. A, areC. Great, isD. The, is13. ___ to go there after school.A. No every student wantsB. No every student wantC. Not every student wantsD. Not every student want14. Every means ___ tried since then.A. has beenB. have beenC. areD. is15. Two-thirds of the area ___ by trees now.A. are coveredB. is coveredC. have coveredD. has covered16. Half of the plays put up recently __ funny and interesting.A. isB. areC. beD. have17. The rich ___ not always happy.A. isB. hasC. haveD. are18. The number of the workers in our factory ___ in yours.A. is more than thatB. are more than thoseC. is larger than thatD. are larger than those19. It ___ Jones and Mary that often ___ me with my English.A. is, helpsB. are, helpC. is, helpD. are, helps20. Mr Brown, together with his wife, ___ to the party.A. have invitedB. has invitedC. have been invitedD. has been invited21. Food and clothing _____ everyday necessities (必需品) for the people.A. isB. areC. wereD. was22. Thirty-seven years ___ not very long in the history of mankind.A. isB. areC. wereD. has being23. Johnny or his parents ___ going to visit the Wilkens' next Sunday.A. isB. wereC. areD. was24. His family ___ all football fans.A. isB. has beenC. are beingD. are25. What we need here ___ doctors.A. areB. isC. has beenD. have been26. Each man and each woman ____ to help in the work.A. has askedB. are askedC. askD. is asked27. Either the shop assistants or the manager in the shop ___kind to the customers.A. areB. willC. may beD. is28. Not only Mr and Mrs White but also their daughter ___ Chinese very well.A. speakB. speakingC. speaksD. spoken29. All the students need ____ .A. have doneB. has doneC. have been doneD. has been done30. All ___ except Xiao Wan.A. are presentB. is presentC. have been presentedD. has been present31. Neither of them ___ to stop to take a rest.A. wantB. wantsC. is wantingD. have wanted32. Growing vegetables ____ constant watering.A. needB. are neededC. is neededD. needs33. Thirty percent of the clerks ____ from Hunan province. The rest ___ from Sichuan and Jiangxi.A. are, areB. is, isC. are, isD. is, are34. I have had my coffee. The rest in the pot ___ for you.A. areB. has beeC. isD. have been35. Do you know what the population of China ____?A. wereB. areC. wasD. is36. Over 80 percent of China's population ___ peasants.A. areB. isC. wasD. be37. Many a revolutionary ___ his life for the cause of the revolution.A. have lied downB. have laid downC. has lain downD. has laid down38. Neither he nor his children _____.A. have arrivedB. has arrivedC. have been arrivedD. has been arrived39. ─ Can you lend me a few dollars to buy a dictionary?─ There ___ only two dollars in my pocket. Will you take the money?─ No, thanks. I don't thi nk two dollars ___ enough.A. are, areB. is, mayC. are, isD. is, are40. Everyone in the class ____ the exam, which ___ the teacher very much.A. have passed, delightsB. have passed, delightC. has passed, delightsD. has passed, delight41. What I say and what I think _____ my own affair.A. isB. wereC. areD. was42. What I say and think ____ no business of yours.A. isB. areC. wereD. both A and B43. A great quantity of apples ___ here every year.A. is producedB. is producingC. are producingD. are produced44. Where ____ my knife and fork? I can't find it in the cupboard.A. isB. areC. wasD. were45. Bread and butter ___ very popular in western countries.A. areB. isC. would beD. had been46. You and I _____ in the same training class.A. amB. isC. beD. are47. The students or the teacher ____ repaired the desks.A. hasB. haveC. isD. are48. His “selected works” ____ first published in 1965.A. wereB. wasC. has beenD. have been49. _____ of the street ____ terribly dirty.A. Every sides, areB. Both sides, isC. Either sides, areD. Either side. is50. When and where to hold the sports-meet _____ yet.A. has not decidedB. are not decidedC. have not decidedD. is not decided历届高考题1. On the wall ___ two large portraits. (‟1985)A. hangsB. hangC. hangedD. hanging2. ____ turn green in spring. (‟1986)A. LeafB. LeafsC. LeaveD. Leaves3. Nobody but Jane ___ the secret. (‟1986)A. knowB. knowsC. have knownD. is known4. All but one ___ here just now. (‟1987)A. isB. wasC. has beenD. were5. Not only I but also Jane and Mary ___ tired of having one examination after another. (‟1989)A. isB. areC. amD. be6. A library with five thousand books ___ to the nation as a gift. (‟1990)A. is offeredB. has offeredC. are offeredD. have offered7. When and where to build the new factory ___ yet. (‟1991)A. is not decidedB. are not decidedC. has not decidedD. have not decided8. The number of people invited __ fifty, but a number of them ____ absent fordifferent reasons.(…1996)A. were, wasB. was, wasC. was, wereD. were, were9. He dropped the ____ and broke it.(…1993)A. cup of coffeeB. coffee‟s cupC. cup for coffeeD. coffee cup10. He gained his ___ by printing ____ of famous writers.(1995)A. wealth, workB. wealths, worksC. wealths, workD. wealth, works11. Every possible means _____ to prevent the air pollution, but the sky is still not clear. (2000上海春)A. is usedB. are usedC. has been usedD. have been used12.The _____ is just around the corner and you won‟t miss it. (2001上海春)A. bicycle‟s shopB. bicycle shopC. bicycles shopD. bicycles‟ shop13.As a result of destroying the forest, a large _____ of desert ____ covered the land. (2001上海)A. number, hasB. quantity, hasC. number, haveD. quantity, have14. He is the only one of the students who a winner of scholarship for three years.A. isB. areC. have beenD. has been (2002上海春)15. When and where to go for the on-salary holiday ___________ yet．(2003上海春)A．are not decided B．have not been decidedC．is not being decided D．has not been decidedKeys:强化训练题1-5 BCAAB 6-10 BABBA 11-15 ABCAB 16-20 BDCCD 21-25 BACDA 26-30 DDCDA 31-35 BDACD 36-40 ADACC 41-45 CDDAB 46-50 DABDD 高考题1-5: BDBDB 6-10: AACDD 11-15 CBBDD。

解析初中语法中的名词性从句与主谓一致总结

解析初中语法中的名词性从句与主谓一致总结初中语法中的名词性从句与主谓一致总结名词性从句是指在句子中充当名词的从句，常见的名词性从句包括主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

与之相对应的，主谓一致是指主语与谓语在人称、数和时态上保持一致。

在初中语法学习中，理解名词性从句的特点和主谓一致的规则是非常重要的。

本文将对初中语法中的名词性从句与主谓一致进行解析和总结。

一、名词性从句的基本概念和分类名词性从句是指在复合句中作主语、宾语、表语或同位语的从句，它由引导词引导，整个从句在句子中充当名词的成分。

名词性从句根据引导词的不同，可以分为主语从句、宾语从句、表语从句和同位语从句。

1. 主语从句主语从句作为句子的主语，通常由连词“that”引导，也可由疑问词“what”、“who”、“which”引导。

例如：That he is coming is good news.（他来是一个好消息。

）What she said is true.（她说的是真的。

）2. 宾语从句宾语从句作为句子的宾语，通常由连词“that”引导，也可由疑问词“what”、“whether”、“if”引导。

例如：I know that she is happy.（我知道她很快乐。

）He asked me if I could help him.（他问我是否可以帮助他。

）3. 表语从句表语从句作为句子的表语，通常由连词“that”引导，也可由疑问词“what”、“who”、“which”引导。

例如：The fact is that she succeeded.（事实是她成功了。

）What matters is whether you are happy or not.（重要的是你是否快乐。

）4. 同位语从句同位语从句用来解释说明前面的名词或代词的内容，通常由连词“that”引导。

例如：The news that he won the award made us happy.（他获奖的消息让我们开心。