科技英语练习及答案

科技汉英翻译练习题（一下练习题为课下巩固作业）

一、被动态被动语态在汉英翻译中的应用

翻译下面具有被动态特征的句子：

1.对待检流感病毒样品进行了逆转录和扩增、荧光标记、杂交和扫

描分析。（reverse transcription, amplification, fluorescent dye labeling, hybridization and scanning)。

2.所有含氯氟烃（CFCs）或类似物质的产品必须一律贴上标签，

而且禁止使用一切消耗臭氧的非必需品。

3.风速是用米/秒来表示的。

4.这种肺炎是由病毒和真菌引起的。

5.虽然病原体（pathogens)表现出惊人的对抗主体防御的能力，但

是它们之间的斗争可以看做是一场无休无止的军备竞赛。

6.因此，这种机制可理解为变构调节( allosteric regulation )。

7.人的免疫系统(innate immune system)一直被认为是“低技术含量

的免疫系统”。直到现在我们才理解先天免疫力具有重要的分子特性。

8.目前已分离出的H5N1病毒是否保留了这个特性还有待证实。

9.据估计，人的疾病有40%是由细菌感染引起的。

10.他们声称这种DNA聚合酶(DNA polymerase)的持续合成能力

(processivity)的提高使反应时间大大缩短。(allow)

二、用分词或分词短语翻译划线部分。

(1) 氢是已知元素中最轻的。

Hydrogen is the lightest element ___________.

(2) 这个问题一直没有得到解答。

The question remains ___________________.

(3) 晶体管体积小、重量轻，优于真空管。

___________, transistors have advantages over vacuum tubes.

(4) 速度等于距离除以时间。

Speed equals distance ____________.

(5) 电压等于电流乘以电阻。

V oltage equals current_____________.

(6) 这个力很小，可以忽略不计。

__________, this force can be neglected.

(7) 若用公式来表示,欧姆定律可写成V=IR。

________, Ohm’s law can be w ritten as V=IR.

(8) 水能和许多物质结合形成水合物。

Water combines with many other substances, _____________.

(9) 空气阻力随速度的增加而增加。

The resistance of air increases _____________.

(10) 我们还比较了先前报道的有关金星的研究成果。Comparisons are also made _______________.

三、将下面划线部分翻译成名词化词组。

1）电视通过无线电波发射和接收各种活动物体的图像。

2）运用世界领先技术可以使中国摆脱贫困

3）正确设计和选择产品及其参数对于生产中成功地应用HERF工艺是重要的。

参考答案：被动语态在汉英翻译中的应用

一、1. Influenza virus sample was treated for reverse transcription,

amplification, fluorescent dye labeling, hybridization and scanning.

2. Warning labels must be placed on all products containing CFCs or

similar substances and non-essential uses of ozone-depleting products are prohibited.

3. The speed of wind is expressed in meters by second.

4. This kind of pneumonia is caused by viruses and fungi.

5. Although pathogens display a remarkable ability to outmaneuver

host defenses, this struggle has been described as a never–ending arms race.

6.This mechanism could therefore be interpreted as an allosteric

regulation.

7.The innate immune system had always been vi ewed as the “low-tech

immune system”. Only now do we understand that innate immunity has significant molecular specifity.

8. Whether currently isolated H5N1 viruses have retained this property

remains to be determined/ seen/analyzed.

9. It was estimated that forty percent of human diseases are the result

of infection by bacteria.

10. They claimed that the increased processivity of this DNA

polymerase allows reaction times to be reduced.

答案：二、用分词或分词短语翻译划线部分。

(1) Hydrogen is the lightest element known.

(2) The question remains unanswered.

(3) Being small in size and light in weight, transistors have advantages

over vacuum tubes.

(4) Speed equals distance divided by time.

(5) V oltage equals current multiplied by resistance.

(6) Being very small, this force can be neglected.

(7) Expressed in a formula, Ohm’s law can be written as V=IR.

(8) Water combines with many other substances, therefore forming

hydrate.

(9) The resistance of air increases with the increased/increasing speed.

(10) Comparisons are also made with results previously reported for

Venus.

答案：三、将下面划线部分翻译成名词化词组。

1）Television is the transmission and reception of images of moving objects by radio waves.