句子成分
句子成分——精选推荐
句⼦成分句⼦成分 在平⽇的学习、⼯作和⽣活⾥,⼤家都听说过或者使⽤过⼀些⽐较经典的句⼦吧,从表达的⾓度说,句⼦是最基本的表述单位。
你所见过的句⼦是什么样的呢?以下是⼩编帮⼤家整理的句⼦成分,欢迎⼤家分享。
句⼦成分1 ⼀、句⼦成分 句⼦成分分为六种:主谓宾定状补 主语:说明是谁或什么 谓语:说明主语是什么或怎么样 宾语:是谓语的⽀配成分。
举个最简单的例⼦:我喝⽔。
“我”是主语,“喝”是谓语,“⽔”是宾语。
定语:是修饰句⼦中名词中⼼语的,在名词中⼼语前⾯。
状语:是修饰句⼦中动词或形容词的,在动词或形容词前⾯。
补语:是补充说明谓语的,在动词或形容词后⾯。
举个简单的例⼦,7班的同学正在上张⽼师的语⽂课,同学们听得很认真。
“7班的”“张⽼师的”就是定语。
“正在”就是状语。
“很认真”就是补语。
此外,划分句⼦成分还有两个万能公式: 公式⼀:【状语】,(定语)主语‖【状语】谓语中⼼词+(定语)宾语中⼼语 公式⼆:【状语】,(定语)主语‖【状语】谓语中⼼词+(定语)宾语中⼼语+〈补语〉 掌握以上⼏点,我相信同学们再遇到句⼦成分之类的判断题,就会迎刃⽽解了。
⼆、短语结构类型 短语结构类型分为五种:并列、偏正、动宾、后补、主谓短语。
并列短语:词与词之间是并列关系。
主要类型有名+名,动+动,形+形。
词与词中间常⽤“和、及、⼜、与、并“等连词。
偏正短语:前词为偏,起修饰作⽤。
后词为正,是词组的重⼼。
动宾短语:格式为动词+动词⽀配的对象。
动词⽀配的对象为宾语。
后补短语:格式为动词或形容词+起补充作⽤的成分。
起补充作⽤的成分是补语。
常有“得“作为标志。
主谓短语:格式为主语+谓语。
即“谁或什么”+“是什么或怎么了”。
掌握以上⼏点,判断短语结构类型也不是什么太困难的事。
句⼦成分2 1、他⾮常诚恳的征求⼤家的意见。
2、秋天⽐春天更富有欣欣向荣的景象。
3、张思德同志永远是我们学习的榜样。
4、汽车在望不到边际的⾼原上奔驰。
句子成分
宾语补足语:位于宾语之后对宾语作出 宾语补足语 位于宾语之后对宾语作出 说明的成分。 说明的成分。 1. 名词 代词宾格 + 名词: 名词/代词宾格 名词: The war made him a soldier. 2. 名词 代词宾格 + 形容词: 名词/代词宾格 形容词: Please keep the room clean. 3. 名词/代词宾格 + 介词短语: 名词 代词宾格 介词短语: I often find him at work.
表语 1. 表语是表述主语的特征、状态或身份 表语是表述主语的特征、 等。 2. 表语位于连系动词之后,二者构成系 表语位于连系动词之后, 表结构, 表结构,即合成谓语 3. 表语由名词、形容词或相当于名词或 表语由名词、 形容词的词、短语或句子等充当。 形容词的词、短语或句子等充当。
Her brother is a driver.(名词 名词) 名词 Are you ready?(形容词 形容词) 形容词 We were at home last night.(介词 介词 短语) 短语 This book is mine, not yours.(代词 代词) 代词 The film is exciting.(现在分词 现在分词) 现在分词
状语 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句, 状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句 说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、 说明方式、因果、条件、时间、地点、 让步、方向、程度、目的等。 让步、方向、程度、目的等。用作状语 的通常是副词。 的通常是副词。 1)副词 (短语 作状语: 短语) 副词 短语 作状语: The boy needs a pen very much. (程 ` 程 度状语) 度状语 The boy, now, needs a pen.(时间状语 时间状语) 时间状语
句子成分
1.His father named him Xiaoming. (名词) 2.They painted their boat white. (形容词) 3.Let the fresh air in. (副词) 4.You mustn’t force him to lend his money to you. (不定式短语) 5.We saw her entering the room. (现在分词) 6.We found everything in the lab in good order. (介词短语) 7.We will soon make our city what your city is now. (从句)
1.Our teacher of English is an American. (名词) 2.Is it yours? (代词) 3.The weather has turned cold. (形容词) 4.The speech is exciting. (分词) 5.Three times seven is twenty one? (数词)
(六)宾语补足语
宾语补足语(Object
Complement), 用于补充说明宾语的动作,一般位于宾 语之后,宾语与宾语补足语一起构成复 合宾语。需接复合宾语的动词有:tell, let,help,teach, ask,see,have, order,make等。“宾补”一般可由名 词、形容词、副词、不定式、分词、介 词短语和从句充当。例如:
(八)状语
修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明
动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语 (Adverbial)。可由以下形式表示 : 1.Light travels most quickly.(副词及副词性词组) 2.He has lived in the city for ten years.(介词短语) 3.He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination. (不定式短语)
什么是句子成分
什么是句子成分
句子成分是指句子的组成成分,它们按照一定的结构规律构成了句子。
常见的句子成分包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语等。
1. 主语:主语是句子的主要成分,通常位于句首,表示句子要陈述的对象或行为主体。
2. 谓语:谓语是对主语进行陈述或描述的部分,通常位于主语之后,表示主语的状态或行为。
3. 宾语:宾语是句子中的受事者,即主语行为或动作的对象,通常位于谓语之后。
4. 定语:定语是修饰名词或代词的成分,通常位于被修饰词之前,用于限定或描述该词的范围或属性。
5. 状语:状语是修饰动词、形容词或整个句子的成分,通常位于被修饰词之前,用于描述该词的时间、地点、方式等属性。
6. 补语:补语是对动词、形容词等词进行补充说明的成分,通常位于被修饰词之后,用于补充描述该词的程度、结果等属性。
以上是常见的句子成分及其作用,不同的句子成分在句子中有着不同的作用和位置,共同构成了句子的完整意义。
句子成分
补语:
1、定义:谓语后面的附加成分,对谓语起补充说 明作用,回答“怎么样”、“多久”、“多少” (时间、处所、结果)之类问题的语言单位。 2、 特点:A、经常由动词、形容词副词充当。B、一 般补语与中心词之间有“得”字连接。3、符号: 单书名号〈 〉。 一般完整的句子成分的排列为: 定语(修饰主语)主语 状语 谓语 补语 定语 (修饰宾语)宾语 句子成分符号:主语 = 谓语 - 宾语 ~ 定语 ( ) 状语 [ ] 补语 < >
5. 一斤苹果五角钱。
6. 小李这个人性格非常好。
7. 爷爷一句话都没说。
答案:
1.一切生物都离不开食物。 ( ) [ ] [ ] ﹋﹋ 2.会变色的花很多。 ( ) [ ] 3.石拱桥在世界桥梁史上出现得比较早。 [ ] ﹤ ﹥ 4.统筹方法,是一种安排工作进程的数学方法。 ( ) ( ) ﹋﹋ 5.一斤苹果五角钱。 ( ) 6.小李这个人性格非常好。
划分句子成分
句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、 宾语、定语、状语、补语六种
主语:
1、定义:主语是句子中的陈述对象,说明是 谁或什么。2、特点:A、经常由名词、代词、 名词性短语充当。B、一般表示谓语所说的是 “谁”或“什么”。3、符号:双行线:
谓语:
1、定义:用来说明陈述主语。2、特点:A、 经常由动词、形容词充当。 B、一般表示主语 “怎么样”或“是什么”。3、符号:单行线:
[ ][ ] [ ]
(2)爱祖国、恨敌人是战士们的共同特点。
( ) (
(3)他的魁梧的身形,温和的脸,明净的额,
( ) ( ) ( ) ( )
) ﹋﹋
(
慈祥的目光,时时出现在会场上,课堂上,
杨家岭的大道边。 ﹥ (4)它用自己的爪子把脸都抓破了。
九大句子成分
九大句子成分:组成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分。
句子的组成部分,包括主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、表语、补语、同位语和独立成分9种。
主语是句子叙述的主体,可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词和主语从句等来承担。
谓语说明主语所发出的动作或具有的特征和状态。
谓语由动词来承担。
宾语是动作的对象或承受者,常位于及物动词或介词后面。
宾语可由名词、代词、数词、名词化的形容词、不定式、动名词、宾语从句等来担任。
除少数句子(如祈使句和感叹句等)外,一句话必须同时具有主语和谓语所表达的意思才能完整。
主语是针对谓语而言的,是一句话的主题,谓语用来说明主语的情况,为主语提供信息。
例如:They are working.主语是they(他们),那么他们在做什么呢?看来没有谓语are working 是不行的。
在正常情况下,英语的主语和谓语的位置与汉语一致,也就是说主语在前,谓语紧跟其后。
定语用于描述名词,代词,短语或从句的性质,特征范围等情况的词叫做定语,定语可以由名词,形容词和起名词和形容词作用的词,短语担任。
如果定语是单个词,定语放在被修饰词的前面,如果是词组,定语放在被修饰词的后面。
状语说明事情发生的时间,地点,原因,目的,结果方式,条件或伴随情况,程度等情况的词叫状语。
状语一般由副词、介词短语、分词和分词短语、不定式或相当于副词的词或短语来担当。
其位置一般放在句末,但也可放在句首或句中,修饰动词、形容词、副词等.补语的作用对象是主语和宾语,具有鲜明的定语性描写或限制性功能,在句法上是不可或缺的。
补语是起补充说明作用的成份。
最常见的是宾语补足语。
名词、动名词、形容词、副词、不定式、现在分词、过去分词都可以在句子中作宾补。
表语是用来说明主语的性质,身份,特征和状态。
表语须和系动词一起构成句子的复合谓语。
表语一般放在系动词之后。
表语可以由名词,形容词或起名词和形容词作用的词和短语担任。
同位语当两个指同一事物的句子成分放在同等位置时,一个句子成分可被用来说明或解释另一个句子成分,前者就叫做后者的同位语.这两个句子成分多由名词(代词)担任,同位语通常皆放在其说明的名词(代词)之后。
句子成分
句子的成分句子成分包括:主语、谓语、表语、宾语(直接宾语、间接宾语)、补足语(主语补足语、宾语补足语)、定语和状语。
主语和谓语是句子主体部分(在英语中一般的句子必须有主语和谓语)主语:动作的执行者。
谓语:主语发出的动作。
宾语:动作涉及的对象。
表语:系动词后面的词一般就是表语。
定语:对修饰词进行限定。
补足语:对词进行补充。
状语:表示时间、地点、状态、原因、方式、结果等(如果删去,不影响句子完整)例如:We should keep the nice room clean today.主语:We谓语:should keep (是主语we发出的动作)宾语:the nice room (是谓语涉及的对象)定语:nice (修饰room)宾语补足语:clean (对nice room进行补充说明房子干净)状语:today (表示时间)主语(the subject)主语表示句子所说的是什么人或什么事。
To teach them English is my job.不定式作主语时,常用形式主语it句型,因此可变为:It is my job to teach them English.练习:找出下列句子的主语。
1、The boy comes from America.2、He usually goes to school alone.3、Studying English is very important.4、To teach him a lesson seems quite necessary.5、That he won the prize excited everyone.6、It is important for us to have our dreams.7、It is obvious that he was wrong.8、It is no use crying over spilt milk.归纳:主语一般由名词、____,或者相当于名词的词、短语或从句充当(包括____、____还有____)。
八大句子成分
八大句子成分
1. 主语:主语是句子中的核心成分,它通常是动作的执行者或
者是被描述的对象。
例如,“小明”、“猫”、“大雨”等都可以作
为主语。
2. 谓语:谓语是句子中表达动作或状态的核心成分,它通常包
含一个动词。
例如,“跑”、“吃”、“睡觉”等都可以作为谓语。
3. 宾语:宾语是句子中动作的承受者或者是受到描述的对象,
它通常位于谓语的后面。
例如,“苹果”、“书”、“电影”等都可
以作为宾语。
4. 定语:定语是句子中修饰名词或代词的成分,它通常位于名
词或代词的前面。
例如,“红色的”、“漂亮的”、“新的”等都可
以作为定语。
5. 状语:状语是句子中修饰动词、形容词、副词等成分的成分,它通常位于谓语或者句子的其他位置。
例如,“慢慢地”、“非常好”、“在学校里”等都可以作为状语。
6. 表语:表语是句子中说明主语属性或状态的成分,它通常位
于谓语的后面。
例如,“是学生”、“感到高兴”等都可以作为表语。
7. 同位语:同位语是句子中对名词或代词进行补充说明的成分,它通常位于名词或代词的后面。
例如,“我的朋友,一位医生”中的“一位医生”就是同位语。
8. 独立成分:独立成分是句子中没有与其他成分构成语法关系
的成分,它通常可以独立成句。
例如,“天啊!”、“不错呀!”等
都可以作为独立成分。
句子成分
4)方式状语 ) She put the eggs in to the basket with great care. He has greatly improved his spoken English by this means. 5)目的状语 ) In order to catch up with the others, I must work harder. Bring it closer so that I may see it better. 6)结果状语 ) He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately(马上 马上). 马上 He is so good a teacher that the students love him. 7)比较状语 ) I am taller thБайду номын сангаасn he is. 8)让步状语 ) Childe as he is , he can take care of himself.
2.谓语 谓语 谓语和主语一样,是一个句子的主干部分之一, 谓语和主语一样,是一个句子的主干部分之一,表 示主语所做的动作,具有的特征及所处的状态, 示主语所做的动作,具有的特征及所处的状态,通常由动 词充当,动词常分为实义动词,连系动词, 词充当,动词常分为实义动词,连系动词,情态动词以及 助动词.情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语, 助动词.情态动词和助动词不能单独充当谓语,它们必须 和实义动词或连系动词一起构成谓语. 和实义动词或连系动词一起构成谓语.实义动词包括及物 动词和不及物动词, 及物动词后面要带宾语. 动词和不及物动词, 及物动词后面要带宾语.通常情况 下, 谓语位于主语之后. 谓语位于主语之后. 例如: 例如: They work very hard. (不及物动词) 不及物动词) 及物动词) She bought a new house last year. (及物动词) We can speak English very well.(情态动词 实义动词) 实义动词) (情态动词+实义动词 (连系动词 实义动词) They are playing over there.(连系动词+实义动词) 实义动词 He doesn't like fishing. (助动词 实义动词) 助动词+实义动词 实义动词)
八种句子成分
句子成分一.定义定义构成句子的各个部分叫做句子成分主要成分主语和谓语次要成分宾语、表语、定语、状语、补足语和同位语二.八种成分的用法主语主语定义主语是一个句子所叙述的主体.主语位置一般位于句首.但在there be结构、疑问句当主语为疑问词时和倒装句中,主语位于谓语、助动词或情态动词后面哪些词可以作主语名词,代词,数词,不定式,动名词,名词化的形容词,短语,句子The village is very beautiful.名词Who is speaking,please电话中问对方是谁代词Two will be enough.数词To translate this ideal into reality needs hard work.不定式Skating is good exercise.动名词The blind and the lame are well cared for in our country.名词化的形容词How to do well is an important question.短语What has happened proves that our policy is right.句子谓语谓语定义谓语说明主语所做的动作或具有的特征和状态.动词在句中作谓语谓语位置一般放在主语之后.谓语的构成如下:1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语构成.如:He practices running everymorning.2、复合谓语:1由情态动词或其他助动词加动词原形构成.如:You may keep the book for two weeks. He has caught a bad cold.2由系动词加表语构成.如:We are students.宾语宾语定义宾语表示动作的对象或承爱者宾语位置一般位于及物动词和介词后面哪些词可以作宾语名词,代词,数词,名词化的形容词,不定式,动名词,动名词短语,句子She is doing her homework now.名词I like it very much.代词How many dictionaries do you have I have five.数词They helped the old with their housework yesterday.名词化形容词He likes to play basketball.不定式I like swimming.动名词We enjoy listening to the music.动名词短语He told me that he was a teacher before.句子宾语种类1双宾语间接宾语+直接宾语例如:Lend me your dictionary, please.2复合宾语宾语+宾补例如:They elected him their monitor.定语定语定义修饰名词或代词的词、短语或从句称为定语定语位置被修饰的词前或后哪些词可以作定语名词,代词,名词或代词所有格,数词,形容词限观形龄色国材,分词,动名词,不定式,介词短语,句子可以作定语.Guilin is a beautiful city.形容词China is a developing country; America is a developed country.分词There are thirty women teachers is our school.名词His rapid progress in English made us surprised.代词His son needs Tom’s pen.代词和名词所有格Two boys need two pens.数词Our monitor is always the first to enter the classroom.不定式短语The teaching plan for next term has been worked out.动名词He is reading an article about how to learn English.介词短语The boy who is tall is my brother.句子状语状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子,说明动作或状态特征的句子成分,叫做状语状语位置句首,句中,句尾哪些词可以作状语名词,数词,形容词,副词,副词性词组,介词短语,不定式,分词,句子.Wait a minute.名词I’ve done it hundreds of times.数词I got home,tired and thirsty.形容词Light travels most quickly.副词Generally speaking,when taken according to the directions,the medicine hasno side effect.副词性词组He has lived in the city for ten years.介词短语He is proud to have passed the national college entrance examination.不定式短语They came out of the classroom,talking and laughing.现在分词Mr Black came back drunk that night.过去分词Once you begin, you must continue.句子状语种类时间状语,地点状语,原因状语,条件状语,方式状语,比较状语,让步状语,目的状语,结果状语,伴随状语How about meeting again at six时间状语Last night she didn’t go to the dance party because of the rain.原因状语I shall go there if it doesn’t rain.条件状语Mr Smith lives on the third floor.地点状语She put the eggs into the basket with great care.方式状语She came in with a dictionary in her hand.伴随状语In order to ca tch up with the others, I must work harder.目的状语He was so tired that he fell asleep immediately.结果状语She works very hard though she is old.让步状语I am taller than he is.比较状语宾语补足语宾语补足语定义英语中有些及物动词,除有一个直接宾语以外,还要有一个宾语补语,才能使句子的表语同位语was a clone”直接引语The girl were surprised at the fact that ocean ships can sail up the Greatlakes.句子大展身手1. ____ will leave for Beijin g.A. Now there the manB. The man here nowC. The man who is here nowD. The man is here now2. The weather ____.A. wet and cold B. is wet and co ldC. not wet and coldD. were wet and cold3. The apple tasted ____.A. sweets B. sweetly C. nicely D. sweet4. He got up ____ yesterday morning.A. lately B. late C. latest D. latter5. The actor ______at the age of 70.A. dead B. died C. dyed D. deaded6. ____ were all very tired, but none of ____ would stop to take a rest.A. We, usB. Us, weC. We, ourD. We, we7. He found the street much ______.A. crowd B. crowding C. crowded D. crowdedly8.I think _____necessary to learn English well.A. its B. i t C. that D. that is9. The dog ____ mad.A. looks B. is looked C. is being looked D. was looked10.I will never forget the day ______I joined the army.A. that B. when C. in which D. Where Keys:1-5 CBDBB 6-10 ACBAB。
句子成分的划分
句子成分的划分主干:主,谓,宾分枝:定状补,表语,同位语,独立成分1.主语:是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、不定式或动名词等充当。
如:The car is running fast.(名词)We are students.(代词)One of my classmates is from Shanghai.(数词)Eating too much is bad for your health.(动名词)【注意】若不定式短语作主语常用it作形式主语,而把真正的主语(不定式短语)放在句后。
It's bad manners to spit in public places.(不定式)2.谓语:说明主语的动作或状态,也是句子的主体部分,一般由动词充当。
动词分为实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词。
实义动词单独作谓语,连系动词与表语一起构成谓语,情态动词与省略to的不定式构成合成谓语,助动词与动词原形共同构成谓语部分。
如:【注意】谓语与主语在人称与数方面要相互照应。
He works in a factory.(实义动词)I felt cold.(系动词+表语)How can I get to the station?(情态动词+实义动词)They are working in a field.(助动词+实义动词)3.宾语:是及物动词所涉及的对象,一般由名词、代词、不定式及动名词等充当。
如:He is doing his homework.(名词)They did nothing this morning.(代词)She wants to go home.(不定式)We enjoy playing football.(动名词)①有的动词可接双宾语,间接宾语指人,直接宾语指物。
这类动词常见的有:give,buy,lend,pass,tell,leave等。
如:He bought me a book.Pass me the ball,will you?(间宾+直宾)直接宾语一般放在间接宾语之后,但若把直接宾语放在前面,则要在间接宾语前加适当的介词如to或for(make, do, buy)等。
句子成分有六种
句子成分有六种——主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。
基本成分主谓宾,附加成分定状补:
定语必居主宾前, 谓前为状谓后补.
宾语只受谓支配,的定地状得后补。
标点符号歌诀:
逗冒顿分用句中,句叹问号句末停;并列词语用顿号,并列分句才用分;
确数定要用顿号,概数之间不用顿;选择问,倒装问,全句末尾才用问;
某某说,要注意,前冒中逗后用句:引用之语能独立,末尾点号引号里;
点号放在引号外,引用之语不独立;转折解释破折号,表示注释加括号;
标点符号很重要,牢记规则别忘掉。
唐宋八大家:韩柳三苏欧阳修,安石曾巩八大家。
名著歌诀:
东西三水桃花红,官场儒林爱金瓶;
三言二拍赞古今,聊斋史书西厢镜。
(《东周列国志》、《西游记》、《三国演义》、《水浒传》、《桃花扇》、《红楼梦》;《官场现形记》、《儒林外史》、《金瓶梅》、《警世通言》、《喻世明言》、《醒世恒言》、《初刻拍案惊奇》、《二刻拍案惊奇》、《古今奇观》;《聊斋志异》、《史记》、《西厢记》、《镜花缘》)。
句子成分有六种
句子成分有六种——主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。
第一部分一、主语、谓语1、主语多表示人或事物。
作为被陈述的对象,在句首能回答“谁”或者“什么”等问题。
例如:(1)今天晚上‖特别冷。
主语(偏正短语)谓语(2) [明天这个时候],我们‖就可以走出戈壁滩了。
状语(时间)主语(代词)谓语以动作、性状或事情做陈述的对象的主语句。
例如:(1)笑‖是具有多重意义的语言。
主语(动词)谓语(2)公正廉洁‖是公职人员行为的准则。
主语(形容词联合短语)谓语2、谓语是对主语的叙述、描写或判断,能回答主语“怎么样”或“是什么”等问题。
(1)动词性词语经常做谓语。
例如:他‖[只]答应了<一声>。
主语谓语(状语+动词+补语)南海一中‖留下<过>(许多人)的梦。
主语谓语(动词+补语+定语+宾语)我‖[最近]去<了><一趟>北京。
主语谓语(状+动+补+宾)(2)形容词性词语也经常做谓语。
例如:太阳‖热烘烘的。
主语谓语(形容词+的)人参这种植物,‖娇嫩<极了>。
主语谓语(形容词+补语)说话‖[要]简洁<些>。
主语谓语(状语+形容词+补语)(3)主谓短语做谓语。
例如:这件事‖大家都赞成。
主语谓语(主谓短语)任何困难‖她都能克服。
主语谓语(主谓短语)大家的事情‖大家办。
主语谓语(主谓短语)(4)名词性词语做谓语。
这种情况很少见,有一定的条件限制。
可参考文言文中的判断句。
例如:鲁迅‖浙江绍兴人。
主语谓语(名词短语)明天‖教师节。
主语谓语(名词)她‖大眼睛,红脸蛋。
主语谓语(定中短语,表容貌)二、动语、宾语1、动语动语和宾语是共存的两个成分,没有宾语,就无所谓动语,动语又决定宾语的性质。
动语由动词性词语构成。
例如:他终于露出了笑容。
(中补短语作动语)你们要学好用好祖国的语言文字。
(联合短语作动语)山坡上下来两个人。
(不及物动词作动语)他昨天哭湿了一个枕头。
(中补短语作动语)2、宾语(1)名词性宾语。
句子成分
He has lived in the city for ten years.(介 词短语)
How about meeting again at six?(时间状 语)
Mr Smith lives on the third floor.(地点状 语)
判断下列句子否正确?
1. I’d be glad that if you could come. 2.It was about noon we arrived at the foot of the
mountain..
3.She has two sons , one of them is a doctor. 4. I invited Mike , he promised to go camping
4. My son decided to take them to the little house next door _____ an elderly woman lived by herself and didn’t seem to have much company 。
填谓语还是…?)
1. I suggest we ___ _____(take) a tent as well. 2. When ______(plant) a bunch of flowers one
5. What he said at the meeting is very important,
• 英语五大基本句型如下:
1. S V
(主+谓)
2. S V O (主+谓+宾)
3. S V P (主+系+表)
4. S V o O (主+谓+间宾+直宾)
句子成分
1、简单谓语:由一个动词或动词短语
构成。如: He practices running every morning. The plane took off at ten o’clock.
2、复合谓语: (1)由情态动词加动词原形构成。如:
You may keep the book for two weeks. (2)由助动词加动词原形,现在分词,过去分词构 成。如: Do you speak English? They are working in a field. He has caught a bad cold. (3)由系动词加表语构成。如: We are students. 注意:谓语与主语在人称与数方面要保持一致。
句子成分
一、句子成分
(一)句子成分的定义: 构成句子的各个部分叫做句子
成分。
句子成分有主要成分和次要成分;
主要成分有主语和谓语;
次要成分有表语、宾语、定语、
状语、补足语、同位语和插入语。
二、 主语
主语
(Subject)
是句子要说明的人或事物,是句子 的主体,一般由名词、代词、数词、 不定式或动名词等充当。
They
4.They helped the old with their housework yesterday. (名词化形容词,名词) She wants to go home。
(不ing to music.
(动名词短语)
7.I think(that)he is fit for his office.
1. They are workers.(名词) 2.Is it yours? (代词) 3. The story is very interesting.(形容词) 4.The speech is exciting.(分词) 5. Two and three is five.(数词)
句子成分
II、句子类型(按句子结构分)
简单句、并列句、复合句、
并列复合句
1、简单句 只包含一个主谓结构,个个 成分都是单词或短语的句子。
All roads lead to Rome. Don’t be shy. Have a try.
2、并列句 包含两个或两个以上的独立的主 谓结构或简单句的句子,叫并列 句。这些分句,在形式上处于平 等的,互不依存的并列地位,但 是这些独立的句子往往在意义上
句 子 成 分
(二)谓语 谓语说明主语的动作、行为或所 处的状态。通常由动词的各种形式来 充当。并且和主语在人称和数上保持 一致。谓语有广义与狭义之分,广义 的谓语指主语以外包括动词在内的部 分,狭义的谓语仅仅指动词,这里我 们讨论的是广义上的谓语。
句 子 成 分
1.一般谓语都是由一个动词或动词 短语来充当 She got here at six.
What a good time we had last night! How foolish she is!
5、 There-be存在句
There is certain to be a heavy rain tonight. There seems to be some misunderstanding. There is a baby crying in the next door.
3、复合句 复合句由一个主句和 一个或一个以上的从句构 成。主句和从句都具有完 整的主谓结构,但主句是全句 的主体,从句只是全句中的一 个成分,不能独立存在。从句 通常是用引导词来引导的。在 这里引导词还起联系从句和主 句的作用。
(1)名词性从句 主语从句、宾语从句、表 语从句和同位语从句统称为名 词性从句。 宾语从句注意事项:引导词、 语序、时态呼应、语态。 主语/表语/同位从句注意事项: 引导词、语序、语态。
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D 1.The person we spoke to ___no answer at first. A. make B. making C. makes D. made C 2.Who do you think ___us a talk this afternoon? A. to give B. gave C. will give D. giving C 3、The days we look forward to ____at last. A. comes B. to come C. came D. coming C 4.Time should be made good use of ___our lessons well. A. learning B. learned C. to learn D. learns A him. 5.We should do all we can ___ A. to help B. help C. helping D. helps
主语:是句子要说明的人或物,可以作主语的成 分有名词,代词和数词,主语一般在句首。注 意可数名词单数形式常和冠词不分家!
1)
Mr. Lee is a well-known scientist. A boy is standing in front of me. 2) He reads newspapers every day. 3) Two and ten is twelve. 4) Smoking is harmful to your health. 5) To swim in that pool is a great pleasure. 6) What we shall do next is not yet decided.
9).
It was a pity that you didn’t watch that wonderful football match. 10) I think it is necessary for us to learn English. 11) I think it necessary for us to learn English. 12) Many accidents which occur in the streets could be prevented if we were more careful. 13) The watch which her mother gave it to her works very well. 14)His delay of an hour is due to the fact that the train met with a minor accident.
用符号标出下列句子的成分:
1) I saw your uncle in the shop yesterday. 2) Her father became a Party member in 1950. 3) To sleep on a spring bed is very comfortable. 4) Mr. Hopkins teaches Mary English. 5) She knows how to teach English properly. 6) The next morning, we found him lying in bed, dead. 7) Being Chinese, we care much about how many gold medals the Chinese team has got. 8). Who are you looking for?
宾语补足语:在宾语后面补充说明 宾语 的动作,状态,特征.
1) we elected him monitor of our class. 2) I don’t believe the story true. 3) You should put your things in order. 4) The doctor advised her to stay in bed for a week. 5) We saw the pupils playing basketball.
Correcting:
1. It made our school looks liked a school. 2.Everywhere have green trees and flowers. 3.There are many trees are growing in our school. 4. We found him was having an English lesson. 5. I’ll spend the whole day reading and prepare for it . 6. The children went away laughed. 7.The church burned down yesterday date from the 18th century. 8.It’s not good to keep children busily with their studies all day long. 9. Play football not only makes us grow up tall and strong but also give us a sense of fair play and team spirit.
1)
表语:是谓语的一部分,它位于系动 词如be之后,说明主语身份,特征, 属性或状态。
1)Wang’s father is a doctor./ Oh, it’s you! 2) He is always careless. 3) The basketball match is on. 4) All the pupils are on the playground now. 5) Our aim is to win more medals. 6) His work is teaching French. 7) The question is who can really repair the machines.
状语:状语修饰动词、形容词、副词或全句, 说明方式、原因、条件、时间、地点、让步、 方向、程度、目的等。 1) She sings quite well. 2) On Sundays, there is no student in the classroom. 3) He sits there, asking for a pen. 4) The boy needs a pen to do his homework. 5) If I have some spare time, I will take up German. 6) Come this way, please.
复合宾语
有些及物动词,除了有宾语外,
还须加上宾语补足语,句子的意 思才完整.宾语和宾语补足语一 起构成复合宾语.
定语:是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、 短语或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
Tom is a handsome boy. The two boys are students. His boy needs Tom's pen. The boy in the classroom needs a pen of yours. There are six women teachers in this office. The best boy here is Tom. I have a letter to write today. The smiling boy needs a pen bought by his mother. This is the new dictionary which I bought yesterday.
宾语:指的是及物动词涉及到的人或物,是动作 的承受者,动词宾语一般放在及物动词之 后.介词之后的名词或代词称为介词宾语. 1) Wang Ling lent me a novel to read in the bus. 2) The medicine is good for a cold. 3) Did you see him yesterday? 4) My little sister always likes to ask questions. 5) Would you mind coming earlier tomorrow? 6) He asked me what I was going to do tonight
英语句法
英语句子的特征
我是一个中学生,每天都上学, 必须有完整的意思,一定的语法结构和语调。 学习语文,数学,英语和其他 开头第一个字母必须大写 几门课程。
句子末尾句号是“.” I am a middle-school student. 句子和句子之间很少用逗号(与汉语不同)
I go to school every day.
Analyze the sentences:
1.The students often keep their classroom clean and tidy. 2.We find it impossible to finish the task in such short time. 3.The question being discussed seemed important. 4.The town towards which we are moving is the one I used to live in. 5.Hearing that his son was badly wounded, he hurried to the hospital to see him. 6.We heard a warning on the radio that a hurricane is on its way.