2012年北京交通大学英语翻译基础357考研真题
2014年北京交通大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2014年北京交通大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解Part A Terminology and phrase translationSection One:Translate the following translation-related terms into Chinese(15 points,1point each)1.WHO【答案】世界卫生组织(World Health Organization)2.IOC【答案】国际奥委会(International Olympic Committee)3.IPR【答案】知识产权(intellectual property rights)4.CPA【答案】注册会计师(Certified Public Accountant)5.CPI【答案】居民消费价格指数(Consumer Price Index)6.OTC【答案】非处方药(over the counter)7.Skopos theory【答案】翻译目的论8.Poly system theory 【答案】多元系统论9.cultural pluralism 【答案】文化多元论10.Hermeneutic school 【答案】阐释学派11.catering industry 【答案】餐饮业12.balance sheet【答案】资产负债表13.deluxe suit【答案】豪华蜜月套系14.force majeure【答案】不可抗力15.opinion poll【答案】民意测验Section Two:Translate the following terms or phrases into English(15points,1 point each)1.第三产业【答案】tertiary industry2.母校【答案】Alma Mater3.京都协议书【答案】Kyoto Protocol4.国债【答案】national debt;government loan5.论语【答案】The Analects of Confucius十万种考研考证电子书、题库视频学习平台圣才电子书6.不良贷款【答案】non-performing loan7.软着陆【答案】soft landing8.不再生资源【答案】Non-renewable Resources9.秒杀【答案】flash sale10.学分【答案】academic credit11.国民待遇【答案】national treatment12.新华社【答案】the Xinhua News Agency13.保税区【答案】bonded area14.社会保障【答案】social security15.针灸【答案】AcupuncturePart B Translation between English and Chinese.(60points)Section A English to Chinese Translation(20points for each passage)Passage OneIt is usual to arrange for a delay of a few seconds between the release and the cutting-off of the current and the brake application;this gives the driver the opportunity of crossing quickly to the opposite side of his cab(驾驶室),as he may need to do momentarily for look-out purposes,without stopping his train by so doing.【参考译文】（驾驶火车的时候）通常在列车开口和切断当前运行系统、制动刹车系统之间会留出几秒的缓冲时间，这是让列车司机有机会迅速穿到驾驶室的另一边，因为他需要马上看一下目标物，这样就不用把火车停下来了。
2012年翻译资格考试笔译综合能力试题(3)
2012年翻译资格考试笔译综合能力试题(3)Part 3 Error CorrectionThis part consists of 15 sentences; in each sentence there is an underlined part that indicates an error. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked by letters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase that can replace the underlined part so that the error is corrected. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.36. Not much people realize that apples have been cultivated for over 3,000 years.A. Not manyB. Not enoughC. Without manyD. No many37. The eastern bluebird is considered the most attractive bird native of North America by many bird-watchers.A. nativeB. native withC. native byD. native to38. All living creatures pass on inherited traits from one generation to other.A. the otherB. anotherC. othersD. other one39. Furniture makers use glue to hold joints together and sometimes to reinforce it.A. itsB. fastC. hardD. them40. The hard, out surface of the tooth is called enamel.A. outsideB. appearanceC. outerD. hiding41. The earliest form of artificial lighting was fire, which also provided warm and protection.A. hotB. sunshineC. warmthD. safe42. All mammals have hair, but not always evident.A. but it is notB. but it isC. but they are notD. but they are43. A professor of economic and history at Atlanta University, W.E.B. Du Bois, promoted full racial equality.A. economyB. economicsC. economicalD. economic44. Machines that use hydraulic pressure including elevators, dentist chairs, and automobile brakes.A. excludeB. excludingC. includeD. are included45. The first recorded use of natural gas to light street lamps it was in the town of Frederick, New York, in 1825.A. wasB. isC. it isD. were46. Although the social sciences different a great deal from one another, they share a common interest in human relationship.A. moveB. differC. changeD. varies47. Unlike competitive running, race walkers must always keep some portion of their feet in contact with the ground.A. runB. runnerC. runnersD. running race48. A promising note is a written agreement to pay a certain sum of money at some time future.A. time futuresB. futuresC. futures timeD. future time49. New York City surpassed the other Atlantic seaports in partly because it developed the best transportation links with the interior of the country.A. partB. partialC. partnerD. parting50. All root vegetables grow underground, and not all vegetables that grow underground are roots.A. butB. orC. asD. thusSection 2: Reading Comprehension (55 points)In this section you will find after each of the passages a number of questions or unfinished statements about the passage, each with 4 (A, B, C and D) choices to complete the statement. You must choose the one which you think fits best. Then blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 75 minutes.Phyllis Wheatley is regarded as America's first black poet. She was born in Senegal, Africa, about 1753 and brought to America aboard a slave ship at about the age of seven. John and Susannah Wheatley bought her for three pounds at a slave auction in Boston in 1761 to be a personal servant of Mrs.Wheatley. The family had three other slaves, and all were treated with respect. Phyllis was soon accepted as one of the family, which included being raised and educated with the Wheatley's twin 15-year-old children, Mary and Nathaniel. At that time, most females, even from better families, could not read and write, but Mary was probably one of the best educated young women in Boston. Mary wanted to become a teacher, and in fact, it was Mary who decided to take charge of Phyllis's education. Phyllis soon displayed her remarkable talents. At the age of twelve she was reading the Greek and Latin classics and passages from the Bible. And eventually. Mrs. Wheatley decided Phyllis should become a Christian.At the age of thirteen Phyllis wrote her first poem. She became a Boston sensation after she wrote a poem on the death of the evangelical preacher George Whitfield in 1770. It became common practice in Boston to have "Mrs. Wheatley's Phyllis" read poetry in polite society. Mary married in 1771, and Phyllis later moved to the country because of poor health, as a teacher and caretaker to a farmer's three children. Mary had tried to interest publishers in Phyllis's poems but once they heard she was a Negro they weren't interested.Then in 1773 Phyllis went with Nathaniel, who was now abusinessman, to London. It was thought that a sea voyage might improve her health. Thirty-nine of her poems were published in London as Poems on Various Subjects, Religious and Moral. It was the first book published by a black American. In 1775 Phyllis wrote a poem extolling the accomplishments of George Washington and sent it to him. He responded by praising her talents and inviting her to visit his headquarters. After both of her benefactors died in 1777, and Mary died in 1778, Phyllis was freed as a slave. She married in 1778, moved away from Boston, and had three children. But after the unhappy marriage, she moved back to Boston, and died in poverty at the age of thirty.51. What does the passage mainly discuss?A. Slavery and the treatment of the black people in America.B. The Wheatley family, including their slaves.C. The life of America's first black poet.D. The achievements of Phyllis Wheatley.52. The underlined word "respect" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.A. considerationB. disregardC. punishmentD. behavior53. According to the passage, how many slaves did the Wheatley's have?A. One.B. Two.C. Three.D. Four.54. According to the passage, an unusual feature of Mary was that she ______.A. was not much older than PhyllisB. wanted to become a teacherC. was comparatively well educatedD. decided to take charge of Phyllis's education55. The underlined word "eventually" in Paragraph 1 is closest in meaning to ______.A. ultimatelyB. slowlyC. reluctantlyD. gradually56. Which of the following is NOT true about Phyllis in the early 1770s?A. She wrote her first poem when in her teens.B. She married in 1771.C. She became a teacher.D. She was able to get her poems published.57. The underlined word "they" in Paragraph 2 refers to ______A. publishersB. poemsC. childrenD. black people58. It can be inferred that Phyllis's trip to England with Nathaniel in 1773 ______A. did not improve her healthB. was for business reasonsC. led to books of her poems being available in AmericaD. led to the publication of her poems because the English were more interested in religious and moral subjects59. The word "extolling" is closest in meaning to ______A. welcomingB. statingC. bemoaningD. praising60. Which of the following conclusions about Phyllis is supported by the passage?A. She would have been more recognized as a poet if she had not been black.B. She would have written poetry if she had stayed in Africa.C. She went unrecognized as a poet during her lifetime.D. She only wrote religious poetry.。
2012年中南大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2012年中南大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I.Directions:Translate the following words,abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively.There are altogether30items in this part of the test, 15in English and15in Chinese,with one point for each(30′)1.UNESCO【答案】联合国教科文组织2.APEC【答案】亚太经合组织3.UPU【答案】万国邮政联盟4.ASEAN【答案】东南亚国家联盟5.WIPO【答案】世界知识产权组织6.UNCF【答案】联合国儿童基金会7.OPEC【答案】石油输出国组织8.GNP【答案】国民生产总值9.NGO【答案】非政府组织10.quantitative easing monetary policy 【答案】量化宽松的货币政策11.securities margin trading【答案】证券信用交易12.disaster preparedness【答案】防灾13.credit risk【答案】信用危机14.structural imported inflation【答案】结构性、输入性通胀15.haphazard investment【答案】盲目投资16.朝阳产业【答案】sunrise industry17.风险防范机制【答案】risk prevention mechanism18.最低生活保障制度【答案】minimum living allowance system19.千人计划【答案】Thousand Talents Program20.生态移民【答案】ecological migration21.物联网【答案】Internet of Things22.节能减排【答案】energy saving and emission reduction23.探月工程【答案】lunar exploration program24.胶囊公寓【答案】capsule apartment25.阶梯计价【答案】tiered pricing26.农产品流通体系【答案】circulation system of agricultural products27.载人航天【答案】manned space flight28.放宽市场准入【答案】expand market access29.保税区【答案】bonded area30.文明联盟【答案】Alliance of CivilizationsII.Directions:Translate the following two source texts into their target!language respectively.(120′)Source Text1:It is becoming clear that a whole range of phenomena are transmitted through networks of friends in ways that are not entirely understood:happiness and depression,obesity,drinking and smoking habits,ill-health,the inclination to turn out and vote in elections,a taste for certain music or food,a preference for online privacy,even the tendency to attempt or think about suicide.They ripple through networks“like pebbles thrown into a pond”，says Nicholas Christakis,a medical sociologist at Harvard Medical School in Boston,who has pioneered much of the new work.At first sight,the idea that we can catch the moods,habits and state of health not only of those around us,but also those we do not even know seems alarming.It implies that rather than being in charge of where we are going in life,we are little more than back-seat drivers,since most social influence operates at a subconsciouslevel.But we need not be alarmed,says Duncan Watts,a sociologist at Columbia University,New York.“Social influence is mostly a good thing.We should embrace the fact that we’re inherently social creatures and that much of who we are and what we do is determined by forces that are outside the little circle we draw around ourselves.”What’s more,by being aware of the effects of social contagion we may be able to find ways to counter it,or use it to our own benefit.“There’s no doubt people can have some control over their networks and that this in turn can affect their lives,”says Christakis.To get an idea of what is going on,take Christakis’findings on the spread of happiness,which were published last month.His team looked at a network of several thousand friends,relatives,neighbors and work colleagues.They found that happy people tend to be clustered together,not because they naturally orientate towards each other,but because of the way happiness spreads through social contact over time,regardless of people’s conscious choice of friends.(337words)【关键词】inherently天性地，固有地contagion传染，传染病【参考译文】人们越来越清晰地认识到，一系列的现象以令人捉摸不透的方式在社交圈内传递：快乐和忧郁、肥胖症、饮酒和抽烟的习惯、不健康的身体状况、参加竞选投票的倾向、对某种音乐或食物的喜好、对网上隐私的偏好、甚至尝试或考虑自杀的倾向。
2012年考研英语翻译答案及解析
2012年考研英语（一）翻译部分答案及解析46）In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything — a single generative equation for all we see.46. 物理学中，有一种方法将这种对统一性的紧迫需求发挥到了极致，追求一种具有普遍意义的理论，即为我们所见之物寻求一种单一的生成公式。
47）Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification, for if all humans share common origins, it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings.47. 在此，达尔文似乎给出了合理化的解释，这是因为如果整个人类有相同的起源，那么我们就有理由认为，文化的多样性同样也可以追溯到更为具体的开端。
48）To filter out what is contingent and unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behaviour arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.48. 从共性中过滤出独特性，我们就可以明白文化行为起源的复杂性，以及文化行为在进化方面和认知方面的源动力。
49）The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality, identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many languages, which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraints.49. 第二个为此做出努力的人是约书亚·格林伯格，他采用经验主义的方法来研究普遍性，确认多种语言（尤其是语序方面的）共同特征，这些特征被认为是体现了由于认知局限性而带来的偏见。
2012年武汉大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2012年武汉大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解I. Put the Following Terms into Chinese. (15%)1. Localization【答案】本地化2. APEC【答案】亚太经贸合作组织3. MT【答案】机器翻译4. ATA【答案】大西洋公约协会（Atlantic Treaty Association）5. BRIC【答案】金砖四国（Brazil，Russia，India，China）6. Budget Deficit【答案】预算赤字7. Full Refunds【答案】全额赔偿8. Paternity Test【答案】亲权认定；亲子鉴定9. Price Ceiling【答案】价格上限；最高价10. Money Laundering【答案】洗钱11. Microblog【答案】微博12. Performance Appraisal 【答案】绩效考核13. Market Share【答案】市场占有率；市场份额14. Translation Shift【答案】翻译转移15. Subtitling【答案】配字幕II. Put the Following Terms into English. (15%)1. 实体经济【答案】entity economy；real economy；substantial economy2. 住房公积金【答案】house provident fund3. 房奴【答案】mortgage slave4. 不动产【答案】real property5. 债权人【答案】creditor6. 纯收入【答案】net income7. 欧债危机【答案】European debt crisis8. 增值税【答案】value-added tax9. 国际评级机构【答案】International rating agency10. 免税【答案】tax exemption11. 不可抗力【答案】force majeure12. 资产负债表【答案】balance sheet13. 醉驾【答案】drunk driving14. 转基因水稻【答案】transgenic rice15. 政府采购【答案】government procurementIII. Put the Following into Chinese. (60%)When Mary Lennox was sent to Misselthwaite Manor to live with her uncle everybody said she was the most disagreeable-looking child ever seen. It was true, too. She had a little thin face and a little thin body, thin light hair and a sour expression. Her hair was yellow, and her face was yellow because she had been born in India and had always been ill in one way or another. Her father had held a position under the English Government and had always been busy and ill himself, and her mother had been a great beauty who cared only to go to parties and amuse herself with gay people. She had not wanted a little girl at all, and when Mary was born she handed her over to the care of an Ayah, who was made to understand that if she wished to please the Mem Sahib she must keep the child out of sight as much as possible. So when she was a sickly, fretful, ugly little baby she was kept out of the way, and when she became a sickly, fretful, toddling thing she was kept out of the way also. She never remembered seeing familiarly anything but the dark faces of her Ayah and the other native servants. And as they alwaysobeyed her and gave her own way in everything, because the Mem Sahib would be angry if she was disturbed by her crying, by the time she was six years old she was as tyrannical and selfish a little pig as ever lived. The young English governess who came to teach her to read and write disliked her so much that she gave up her place in three months, and when other governesses came to try to fill it they always went away in a shorter time than the first one. So if Mary had not chosen to really want to know how to read books she would never have learned her letters at all.【参考译文】当玛丽·来诺克斯被送到美塞奥斯怀特庄园与她的姑父住在一起时，每个人都说她是他们所见过的模样最不讨人喜欢的孩子。
2012CATTI翻译考试笔译综合能力测试
20122012CATTICATTI 翻译考试笔译综合能力测试Section 1:English –Chinese Translation (英译汉)This section consists of two parts,Part A —“Compulsory Translation”and Part B —“Choice of Two Translations”consisting of two sections “Topic I”and “Topic 2”.For the passage in Part A and your choice of passage in Part B,translate the underlined portions,including titles,into Chinese.Above your translation of Part A,write “Compulsory Translation”and above your translation from Part B,write “Topic I”or “Topic 2”(60points,100minutes)Part A Compulsory Translation (必译题)(30points)Nowhere to GoFor the latest on the pursuit of the American Dream in Silicon Valley,all you have to do is to talk to someone like “Nagaraj”(who didn’t want to reveal his real name).He’s an Indian immigrant who,like many other Indian engineers,came to America recently on an H-1B visa,which allows skilled workers to be employed by one company for as many as six years.But one morning last month,Nagaraj and a half dozen other Indian workers with H-1Bs were called into a conference room in their San Francisco technology-consulting firm and told they were being laid off.The reason:weakening economic conditions in Silicon Valley,“It was the shock of my lifetime,”says Nagaraj.This is not a normal bear-market sob story.According to federal regulation,Nagaraj and his colleagues have two choices.They must either return to India,or find another job in a tight labor market and hope that the Immigration and Naturalization Services (INS)allow them to transfer their visa to the new company.And the law doesn’t allow them to earn a pay-check until all the paperwork winds its way through the INS bureaucracy.“How am I going to survive without any job and without any income?”Nagaraj wonders.Until recently,H-1B visas were championed by Silicon Valley companies as the solution to the region’s shortage of programmers and engineers.First issued by the INS in 1992,they attract skilled workers from other countries,many of whom bring families with them,lay down roots and apply for the more permanent green cards.Through February 2000,more than 81,000worker held such visas —but with the dot-com crash,many have been getting laid off.That’s causing mass consternation in U.S.immigrant communities.The INS considers a worker “out of status”when he loses a job,which technically means that he must pack up and go home.But because of the scope of this year’s layoffs,the ernment has recently backpedaled,issuing a confusing series of statements that suggest workers might be able to stay if they qualify for some exceptions and can find a new company to sponsor their visa.But even those loopholes remain nebulous.The result is thousands of immigrants now face dimming career prospects in America,and the possibilities that they will be sent home.“They are in limbo.It is the greatest form of torture,”says Amar Veda of the Silicon Valley-based Immigrants Support Network.The crisis looks especially bad in light of all the heated visa rhetoric by Silicon Valley companies in the past few st fall the industry won a big victory by getting Congress to approve an increase in the annual number of H-1B visas.Now, with technology firms retrenching,demand for such workers is slowing.Valley heavyweights like Intel,Cisco and Hewlett-Packard have all announced thousands of layoffs this year,which include many H-1B workers.The INS reported last month that only16,000new H-1B workers came to the United States in February—down from32,000in February of last year.Last month,acknowledging the scope of the problem,the INS told H-1B holders “not to panic,”and that there would be a grace period for laid-off workers before they had to leave the United States.INS spokeswomen Eyleen Schmidt promises that more specific guidance will come this month.“We are aware of the cutbacks,”she says.“We’re trying to be as generous as we can be within the confines of the existing law.”Part B Choice of Two Translations(二选一题)(30points)Topic1(选题一)What Is the Force of Gravity?If you throw a ball up,it will come down again.What makes it come down?The ball comes down because it is pulled or attracted towards the Earth.The Earth exerts a force of attraction on all objects.Objects that are nearer to the Earth are attracted to it with a greater force than those that are further away.This force of attraction is known as the force of gravity.The gravitational force acting on an object at the Earth’s surface is called the weight of the object.All the heavenly bodies in space like the moon,the planets and the stars also exert an attractive force on objects.The bigger and heavier a body is,the greater is its force of gravity.Thus,since the moon is a smaller body than Earth,the force it exerts on an object at its surface is less than that exerted by the Earth on the same object on the Earth’s surface.In fact,the moon’s gravitational force is only one-sixth that of the Earth.This means that an object weighing120kilograms on Earth will only weigh20 kilograms on the moon.Therefore on the moon you could lift weights which are six times heavier than the heaviest weight that you can lift on Earth.The Earth’s gravitational force or pull keeps us and everything else on Earth from floating away to space.To get out into space and travel to the moon or other planets we have to overcome the Earth’s gravitational pull.Entry into SpaceHow can we overcome the Earth’s gravitational pull?Scientists have been working on this for a long time.It is only recently that they have been able to build machines powerful enough to get out of the Earth’s gravitational pull.Such machines are called space rockets.Their great speed and power help them to escape from the Earth’s gravitational pull and go into space.RocketsThe powerful space rocket works along the same lines as a simple firework rocket.The firework rocket has a cylindrical body and a conical head.The body is packed with gunpowder which is the fuel.It is a mixture of chemicals that will burn rapidly to form hot gases.At the base or foot of the rocket there is an opening or nozzle.A fuse hangs out like a tail from the nozzle.A long stick attached along the body serves to direct the rocket before the fuse is lighted.When the gunpowder burns,hot gases rush out of the nozzle.The hot gases continue to rush out as long as the gunpowder burns.When these gases shoot downwards through the nozzle the rocket is pushed upwards.This is called jet propulsion.The simple experiment,shown in the picture,will help you to understand jet propulsion.Topic2(选题二)Basketball DiplomacyCHINA”S TALLEST SOLDIER never really expected to live the American Dream.But Wang Zhizhi,a7-foot-1basketball star from the People’s Liberation Army,is making history as the first Chinese player in the NBA.In his first three weeks in America the23-year-old rookie has already cashed his first big NBA check, preside over“Wang Zhizhi Day”in San Francisco and become immortalized on his very own trading cards.He’s even played in five games with his new team,the Dallas Mavericks,scoring24points in just38minutes.Now the affable Lieutenant Wang is joining the Mavericks on their ride into the NBA playoffs—and he is intent on enjoying every minute.One recent evening Wang slipped into the hot tub behind the house of Mavericks assistant coach Donn Nelson.He leaned back,stretched out and pointed at a plane moving across the star-filled sky.In broken English,he started singing his favorite tune:“I believe I can fly.I believe I can touch the sky.”Back in China,the nation’s other basketball phenom,Yao Ming,can only dream of taking flight.Yao thought he was going to be the first Chinese player in the NBA. The7-foot-5Shanghai sensation is more highly touted than Wang:the20-year-old could be the No.1overall pick in the June NBA draft.But as the May13deadline to enter the draft draws near,Yao is still waiting for a horde of business people and apparatchiks to decide his st week,as Wang scored13points in the Dallas season finale,Yao was wading through a stream of bicycles on a dusty Beijing street. Yao and Wang are more than just freaks of nature in basketball shorts.The twin towers are national treasures,symbols of China’s growing stature in the world. They’re also emblematic of the NBA’s outsize dreams for conquering China.The NBA,struggling at home,sees salvation in the land of1.3billion potential hoop fans. China,determined to win the2008Olympics and join the World Trade Organization, is eager to make its mark on the world—on its own terms.The two-year struggle to get these young players into the NBA has been a cultural collision—this one far removed from U.S.-China bickering over spy planes and trade liberalization.If it works out,it could be—in basketball parlance—the ultimate give-and-go.“This is just like Ping-Pong diplomacy,”says Xia Song,a sport-marketing executive who represents Wang.“Only with a much bigger ball.”Two years ago it looked more like a ball and chain.Wang’s Army bosses were miffed when the Mavericks had the nerve to draft their star back in1999.Nelson remembers flying to Beijing with the then owner Ross Perot Jr.—son of the eccentric billionaire—to hammer out a deal with the stone-faced communists of the PLA.“You could hear them thinking:‘What is this NBA team doing,trying to lay claim to our property?’”Nelson recalls.“We tried to explain that this was an honor for Wang and for China.”There was no deal.Wang grew despondent and lost his edge on court.This year Yao became the anointed one.He eclipsed Wang in scoring and rebounding,and even stole away his coveted MVP award in the Chinese Basketball Association league.It looked as if his Shanghai team—a dynamic semicapitalist club in China’s most open city—would get its star to the NBA first.Then came the March madness.Wang broke out of his slump to lead the Army team to its sixth consecutive CBA title—scoring40in the final game.A day later the PLA scored some points of its own by announcing that Wang was free to go West. What inspired the change of heart?No doubt the Mavericks worked to build trust with Chinese officials(even inviting national-team coach Wang Fei to spend the 1999-2000season in Dallas).There was also the small matter of Chinese pride.The national team stumbled to a10th-place finish at the2000Olympics,after placing eighth in1996.Even the most intransigent cadre could see that the team would improve only if it sent its stars overseas to learn from the world’s best players.keys：Part A无家可归这不是正常的有市场疲软而引发的悲剧故事。
2012年翻译资格考试笔译综合能力试题(一)
2012年翻译资格考试笔译综合能力试题（一）Section 1: Vocabulary and Grammar (25 points)This section consists of 3 parts. Read the directions for each part before answering the questions. The time for this section is 25 minutes.Part 1 Vocabulary SelectionIn this part, there are 20 incomplete sentences. Below each sentence, there are 4 choices respectively marked byletters A, B, C and D. Choose the word or phrase which best completes each sentence. There is only ONE right answer. Blacken the corresponding letter as required on your Machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.1. We have had to raise the prices of our products because of the increase in the cost of ______ materials.A. primitiveB. roughC. originalD. raw2. With an eighty-hour week and little enjoyment, life must have been very______ for the students.A. hostileB. anxiousC. tediousD. obscure3. Whenever the government increases public services,______ because more workers are needed to carry out these services.A. employment to riseB. employment risesC. which rising employmentD. the rise of employment4. Our flight to Guangzhou was ______ by a bad fog and we had to stay much longer in the hotel than we had expected.A. delayedB. adjournedC. cancelledD. preserved5. Container-grown plants can be planted at any time of the year, but ______ in winter.A. should beB. would beC. preferredD. preferably6. Both longitude and latitude ______ in degrees, minutes and seconds.A. measuringB. measuredC. are measuredD. being measured7. Most comets have two kinds of tails, one made up of dust, ______ made up of electrically charged particles called plasma.A. one anotherB. the otherC. other onesD. each other8. Good pencil erasers are soft enough not ______ paper but hard enough so that they crumble gradually when used.A. by damagingB. so thaat they damageC. to damageD. damaging9. The magician picked several persons ______ from the audience and asked them to help him with the performance.A. by accidentB. at randomC. on occasionD. on average10. On turning the comer, they saw the path ______ steeply.A. departingB. descendingC. decreasingD. degenerating11. English language publications in China are growing in volume and ______.A. circulationB. rotationC. circumstanceD. appreciation121. Hydroponics ______ the cultivation of plants without soil.A. doesB. isC. doD. are13. To impose computer technology ______ teachers is to create an environment that is not conducive to learning.A. withB. toC. inD. on14. Marketing is ______ just distributing goods from the manufacturer to the final customer.A. rather thanB. other thanC. bigger thanD. more than15. ______ a language family is a group of languages witha common origin and similar vocabulary, grammar, and sound system.A. What linguists callB. It is called by linguistsC. Linguists call itD. What do linguists call16. In the eighteenth century, the town of Bennington, Vermont, was famous for ______ pottery.A. it madeB. itsC. the makingD. where its17. ______ get older, the games they play becomeincreasingly complex.A. ChildrenB. Children, when theyC. As childrenD. For children to18. ______ of his childhood home in Hannibal, Missouri, provided Mark Twain with the inspiration for two of his most popular novels.A. RememberingB. MemoriesC. It was the memoriesD. He remembered19. Dust storms most often occur in areas where the ground has little vegetation to protect ______ of the wind.A. from the effectsB. it the effectsC. it from the effectsD. the effects from it20. Most nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are a ______.A. scarcityB. minorityC. minimumD. shortage。
2012考研英语(一)翻译真题及答案
Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written clearly on ANSWER SHEET 2. (10 points)Since the days of Aristotle, a search for universal principles has characterized the scientific enterprise. In some ways, this quest for commonalities defines science. Newton’s laws of motion and Darwinian evolution each bind a host of different phenomena into a single explicatory frame work.(46)In physics, one approach takes this impulse for unification to its extreme, and seeks a theory of everything—a single generative equation for all we see.It is becoming less clear, however, that such a theory would be a simplification, given the dimensions and universes that it might entail, nonetheless, unification of sorts remains a major goal.This tendency in the natural sciences has long been evident in the social sciences too. (47)Here, Darwinism seems to offer justification for it all humans share common origins it seems reasonable to suppose that cultural diversity could also be traced to more constrained beginnings. Just as the bewildering variety of human courtship rituals might all be considered forms of sexual selection, perhaps the world’s languages, music, social and religious customs and even history are governed by universal features. (48)To filter out what is unique from what is shared might enable us to understand how complex cultural behavior arose and what guides it in evolutionary or cognitive terms.That, at least, is the hope. But a comparative study of linguistic traits published online today supplies a reality check. Russell Gray at the University of Auckland and his colleagues consider the evolution of grammars in the light of two previous attempts to find universality in language.The most famous of these efforts was initiated by Noam Chomsky, who suggested that humans are born with an innate language—acquisition capacity that dictates a universal grammar. A few generative rules are then sufficient to unfold the entire fundamental structure of a language, which is why children can learn it so quickly.(49)The second, by Joshua Greenberg, takes a more empirical approach to universality identifying traits (particularly in word order) shared by many language which are considered to represent biases that result from cognitive constraintsGray and his colleagues have put them to the test by examining four family trees that between them represent more than 2,000 languages.(50)Chomsky’s grammar should show patterns of language change that are independent of the family tree or the pathway tracked through it. Whereas Greenbergian universality predicts strong co-dependencies between particular types of word-order relations. Neither of these patterns is borne out by the analysis, suggesting that the structures of the languages are lire age-specific and not governed by universals.翻译46. 在物理学领域，有一种方法将这种“万物归一的冲动”推向了极致，它试图探寻到能解释一切的，最底层的公式。
2013年北京交通大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2013年北京交通大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列短语译成汉语1.bailout【答案】紧急救助2.Ground Zero【答案】“爆心投影点”组织3.clean energy【答案】清洁能源4.administrative transparency【答案】政务透明5.healthcare reform package【答案】医改方案fortable Housing Project【答案】安居工程7.proactive fiscal policy【答案】积极的财政政策8.home appliances going to the countryside 【答案】家电下乡9.administrative accountability【答案】行政问责制10.disaster relief【答案】赈灾;灾难援助11.top legislative body【答案】最高立法机关12.defense expenditure【答案】国防支出13.rural left-behind population【答案】农村留守人口14.minimum living standard【答案】低保15.Pursue a realistic and pragmatic approach【答案】实事求是16.capacity for independent innovation【答案】自主创新能力17.the non-public sector of the economy【答案】非公有制经济18.the system of basic living allowances for urban and rural residents【答案】城乡居民基本生活保障制度19.the campaign to educate Party members in preserving/to retain their vanguard nature【答案】保持党员先进性教育活动20.the imbalance between urban and rural areas【答案】城乡发展不平衡二、将下列短语译成英语21.国有企业【答案】state-owned enterprise22.基本医疗体制【答案】basic medicine system23.扩大内需【答案】expand domestic demand24.政府工作报告【答案】Report on the Work of the Government25.基本医疗保险【答案】basic medical insurance26.全球变暖【答案】global warming27.社会福利制度【答案】social welfare system28.三险一金【答案】three insurances(endowment insurance，medical insurance，and unemployment insurance)and one fund(housing provident fund)29.气候变化【答案】climate change30.开幕式致辞【答案】opening speech31.党内民主【答案】inner-party democracy32.改革攻坚【答案】further reform in difficult areas 33.脱离实际、急于求成【答案】unrealistic pursuit of quick results34.诚信缺失【答案】lack of credibility35.和而不同【答案】harmony in diversity36.科学发展观【答案】Scientific Outlook on Development37.文化市场【答案】Cultural market38.文化扶贫计划【答案】Culture-aid Program39.事业编制【答案】staffing of government affiliated institutions40.国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要【答案】the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development三、将下列短文译成汉语In the United States,imports have dropped by half in the past couple of years. Domestic production is up,and consumption is down.(41)The administration uses this improvement to buttress its case for dissolving the Energy Department But the appearance of less vulnerability to supply interruptions is deceptive and dangerous.Some important changes in U.S.energy use have occurred.(42)The price of oil has been decontrolled.the strategic petroleum reserve is finally being filled,。
2012年考研英语阅读理解部分翻译
但为君故系列
各自的推理以及各自的推理概念。 31. 根据第一段，发现过程的特点是它的： A 不确定性和复杂性 B 错误的概念和欺骗 C 逻辑性和客观性 D 系统性和常规性 32.从第二段可以推知认证的过程需要： A 严格的审查 B 共同的努力 C 个人的智慧 D 不断的创新 33.第三段表明，科学的发现在它( A 吸引到大众的注意之后 B 被科学的机构检查之后 C 获得了编辑和审稿者的认同之后 D 被科学家同行经常引用之后 34. Albert Szent-Gy?rgyi 可能会最赞同下面的那个观点： A 科学的发现将经受住质疑 B 今天的发现将引起未来的研究 C 做出发现的努力被证明是合理的 D 科学的工作需要批判的头脑 35.下面那个是最好的标题： A 新颖是科学进步的引擎 B 科学发现中的集体审查 C 科学中认证(信任)的发展 D 在通往科学的大门口对于信任的质疑 )之后变得可信：
2
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说好的是不能改变的! 除非 Entergy 进行的交易。这个公司是新英格兰地区 主要的能源提供商，该公司引起了佛蒙特州人们的义愤，因为上周它宣称它不想 遵守严格的核能规定。 相反，该公司一直履行了它早先的承诺过不做的事情：即它不会因为想保持 其 Vermont Yankee 核电站持续经营，而要在联邦法院挑战该州相关规定的合法 性（宪法） 。现在这个做法让人震惊。 这个冲突始于 2002，当时该公司购买了佛蒙特州唯一一家核电站，其实是 一个位于 Vernon 的破旧反应堆。该交易为了获得州政府的批准，该公司同意一 个前提条件：即同意在 2012 年后征求州政府官员的同意继续经营。2006 年，州 政府又提出，该核电站能否延期经营要听从佛蒙特州立法机关的批准。当时，该 公司也无异议。 Entergy 从来没有打算要遵守这些承诺，也根本没有想过将来会发生什么。 一系列的事件，包括 2007 年冷却塔的部分崩溃，以及地下管道系统泄露的发现， 这些事使得人们严重怀疑 Vermont Yankee 电站的安全问题和 Entergy 的管理---2016 硕 士 研 究 生 入 学 考 试 但为君故
2012年青岛大学考研真题357英语翻译基础
青岛大学2012年硕士研究生入学考试试题科目代码：357 科目名称：英语翻译基础(共3页）请考生写明题号，将答案全部答在答题纸上，答在试卷上无效I. Translate the following words, abbreviations or terminology into their target language respectively. There are altogether 20 items in this part of the test, 10 in English and 10 in Chinese, with two points for each. (40 points)1.ACN2.BHC3.CBD4.CPI5.ETDZ6.suicide bombers7.Most-favored-nation Treatment8.water scarcity9.Pacific Fleet10.debt collection11.体育彩票12.网络犯罪13.国家公务员14.自助游15.经济适用房16.月光族17.假文凭18.按揭购房19.钉子户20.印花税II. Translate the following text into Chinese. (50 points)“The days that make us happy make us wise.”----John MasefieldWhen I first read this line by England’s Poet Laureate, it startled me. What did Masefield mean? Without thinking about it much, I had always assumed that the opposite was true. But his sober assurance was arresting. I could not forget it.Finally, I seemed to grasp his meaning and realized that here was a profound observation. The wisdom that happiness makes possible lies in clear perception, not fogged by anxiety nor dimmed by despair and boredom, and without the blind spots caused by fear.Active happiness---not mere satisfaction or contentment ---often comes suddenly, like an April shower or the unfolding of a bud. Then you discover what kind of wisdom has accompanied it. The grass is greener; bird songs are sweeter; the shortcomings of your friends are more understandable and more forgivable. Happiness is like a pair of eyeglasses correcting your spiritual vision.Nor are the insights of happiness limited to what is near around you. Unhappy, with your thoughts turned in upon your emotional woes, your vision is cut short as though by a wall. Happy, the wall crumbles.The long vista is there for the seeing. The ground at your feet, the world about you----people, thoughts, emotions, pressures---are now fitted into the larger scene. Everything assumes a fairer proportion. And here is thebeginning of wisdom.III. Translate the following text into English. (60 points)第二个人说：活腻味了。
2012年翻译资格考试笔译综合能力试题（三）
Electronic mail has become an extremely important and popular means of communication. The convenience and efficiency of electronic mail are threatened by the extremely rapid growth in the volume of unsolicited commercial electronic mail. Unsolicited commercial electronic mail is currently estimated to account for over half of all electronic mall traffic, up from an estimated 7 percent in 2001, and the volume continues to rise. Most of these messages are fraudulent or deceptive in one or more respects. The receipt of unsolicited commercial electronic mail may result in costs to recipients who cannot refuse to accept such mail and who incur costs for the storage of such mail, or for the time spent accessing, reviewing, and discarding such mail, or for both. The receipt of a large number of unwanted messages also decreases the convenience of electronic mall and creates a risk that wanted electronic mail messages, both commercial and noncommercial, will be lost, overlooked, or discarded amidst the larger volume of unwanted messages, thus reducing the reliability and usefulness of electronic mail to the recipient. Some commercial electronic mail contains material that many recipients may consider vulgar or pornographic in nature. The growth in unsolicited commercial electronic mail imposes significant monetary costs on providers of Internet access services, businesses, and educational and nonprofit institutions that carry and receive such mail, as there is a finite volume of mail that such providers, businesses, and institutions can handle without further investment in infrastructure. Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mail purposefully disguise the source of such mall. Many senders of unsolicited commercial electronic mall purposefully include misleading information in the messages' subject lines in order to induce the recipients to view the messages. While some senders of commercial electronic mail messages provide simpleand reliable ways for recipients to reject (or 'opt-out' of) receipt of commercial electronic mall from such senders in the future, other senders provide no such 'opt-out' mechanism, or refuse to honor the requests of recipients not to receive electronic mail from such senders in the future, or both. Many senders of bulk unsolicited commercial electronic mail use computer programs to gather large numbers of electronic mail addresses on an automated basis from Internet websites or online services where users must post their addresses in order to make full use of the website or service. The problems associated with the rapid growth and abuse of unsolicited commercial electronic mall cannot be solved by the government alone. The development and adoption of techno-logical approaches and the pursuit of cooperative efforts with other countries will be necessary as well. 91. According to the passage, efficiency of e-mail is threatened by ______ A. heavy e-mail traffic B. fraudulent e-mail messages C. large volume of messages D. increasing amount of unwanted e-mail 92. Which of the following is NOT true about unwanted e-mail? A. It costs money to receive them. B. It's free to store them. C. It takes time to access them. D. It takes time to throw them away. 93. Unwanted e-mail may ______ A. cause companies to fail in business B. cause wanted e-mail messages to lose C. damage the credit of a company D. do good to a small company 94. "Pornographic" in Paragraph 3 probably means ______A. decentB. instructionalC. sexualD. commercial 95. What does unwanted e-mail messages do to the providers of the Internet services? A. Raising their cost. B. Raising the Internet speed. C. Improving their business. D. Attracting investment. 96. "Disguise" in Paragraph 4 is closest in meaning to ______A. revealB. hideC. deliverD. post 97. The word "induce" in Paragraph 5 is closest in meaning to ______A. cheatB. introduceC. provideD. harm 98. "Opt-out" mechanism is probably ______ A. a machine that can be attached to your computer B. a button that you can make a choice to read or not to read C. a software that you can play a computer game D. an e-mail that says some good words to you 99. It can be inferred from Paragraph 6 that bulk unsolicited commercial e-mail will probably spread ______A. harmful virusB. unpleasant newsC. advertisementsD. adult jokes 100. The unwanted e-mail problem can be solved if ______ A. the government takes action B. a new technology is adopted C. more people are aware of the problem D. joint efforts are made and new technology is used Section 3: Cloze Test (20 points) In the following passage, there are 20 blanks representing words that are missing from the context. You are to put back in each of the blanks the missing word. Write your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. The time for this section is 20 minutes. Insurance is the sharing of (1) . Nearly everyone is exposed (2) risk of some sort. The house owner, for example, knows that his (3) can be damaged by fire; the ship owner knows that his vessel may be lost at sea; the breadwinner knows that he may die by (4) and (5) his family in poverty. On the other hand, not every house is damaged by fire or every vessel lost at sea. ff these persons each put a (6) sum of money into a pool, there will be enough to (7) the needs of the few who do suffer (8) , In other words the losses of the few are met from the contributions of the (9) . This is the basis of (10) . Those who pay the contributions are known as (11) and those who administer the pool of the contributions as insurer. The (12) for an insurance naturally depends on how the risk is to happen as suggested (13) past experience, ff thecompanies fix their premiums too (14) , there will be more competition in their branch of insurance and they may lose (15) . On the other hand, if they make the premiums too low, they will not have (16) and may even have to drop out (17) business. So the ordinary forces of supply and (18) keep premiums at a proper (19) to both insurers and those who (20) insurance.。
2012年郑州大学翻译硕士真题 357英语翻译基础
2012年郑州大学翻译硕士真题（357英语翻译基础）1.Directions: Translate the following words, abbreviations or terms into their target language respectively. There are altogether 30 items in this part of the test,15 in English and 15 in Chinese. (1 point for each,30 points)1.e-commerce2.bioengineering3.the Supreme Court4.trade deficit5.summit meeting6.air quality monitoring7.economic community8.third-party payment9.unconventional weapons10. The Caribbean11. Paralympic Games12. The wall Street Journal13. International Atomic nergy Agency14. MIT15. IMF16. 医保卡17. 法人代表18. 第三产业19. 市场调查20. 生态平衡21. 免税商品22. 可再生能源23. 社区卫生服务中心24. 国务卿25. 《新闻周刊》26. 世界银行27. 欧洲联盟28. 国际足联29. 世界卫生组织30. 全球定位系统II. Direction: Translate the following two source text into their target language respectively. (60 points for each.120 points)Source Text 1:Any science may be likened to a river, says a Johns Hopkins biologist, Professor Carl Swanson.”It has its obscure and unpretentious beginning; its quiet stretches as well as its rapids;its periods of drought as well as of fullness. It gathers momentum with the work of many investigators as it is fed by other streams of thought; it is deepened and broadened by the concepts and generalizations that are gradually evolved.”So it is with the science of biological control in its modern sense. In America it has its obscure beginnings a century ago with the first attempts to introduce natural enemies of insects that were proving troublesome to farmers, an effort that sometimes moved slowly or not at all, but now and again gathered speed and momentum under the impetus of an outstanding success. It has its period of drought when workers in applied entomology dazzled by the spectacular new insecticides of the 1940s turned their backs on all biological methods and set foot on” the treadmill of chemical control”. But the goal of an insect-free world continued to recede. Now at last, as it has become apparent that the heedless and unrestrained use of chemicals is a greater menace to ourselves than to the heedless and unrestrained use of chemicals is a greater menace to ourselves than to the targets, the river which is the science of biotic control flows again, fed by new streams of thought.【Key words】Johns Hopkins 霍普金斯Carl Swanson 卡尔.斯旺森momentum 动力；势头impetus 推动力；促进entomology 昆虫学treadmill 枯燥无味的工作biotic 生物的Source Text 2:由小学到中学，所修习的无非是一些普通的基本知识，就是大学四年，所授课业也还是相当粗浅的学识，世人常称大学为“最高学府”，这名称易滋误解，好像过此以上即无学问可言。
2012年北京邮电大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解【圣才出品】
2012年北京邮电大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解一、将下列缩略语、习语、术语和专有名词译成汉语，缩略形式还需写出英语全文。
（15分）l. CIA【答案】美国中央情报局（Central Intelligence Agency）2. LOHAS【答案】乐活族（Lifestyles of Health and Sustainability）3. AIDS【答案】艾滋病（Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome）4. ISSN【答案】国际标准连续出版物编号（International Standard Serial Number）5. Like father, 1ike son.【答案】有其父必有其子。
6. A word spoken is past recalling.【答案】一言既出，驷马难追。
7. antilock braking system【答案】汽车防抱制动系统8. a license-plate lottery system【答案】车牌摇号9. Asynchronous Transfer Mode【答案】异步传输模式10. botnets【答案】僵尸网络11. consultation program on students’ academic performance 【答案】学业会商制度12. credit bank【答案】信贷银行13. family/domestic violence【答案】家庭暴力14. government-funded public institution【答案】事业单位15. trade surplus【答案】贸易顺差二、将下列汉语译成英语，译成缩略语的需要写出缩略语英语全文。
（15分）1. 国内生产总值【答案】GDP(Gross Domestic Product)2. 石油输出国组织【答案】OPEC(Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries)3. 金砖国家【答案】BRICS(Brazil, Russia, India, China and South Africa)4. 自动取款机【答案】ATM(Automatic Teller Machine)5. 有钱能使鬼推磨。
(NEW)北京交通大学语言与传播学院《357英语翻译基础》[专业硕士]历年考研真题及详解
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目 录2012年北京交通大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解（完整回忆版）2013年北京交通大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2014年北京交通大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解2017年北京交通大学357英语翻译基础考研真题（回忆版）（含部分答案）2012年北京交通大学357英语翻译基础考研真题及详解（完整回忆版）Part A Terminology and phrase translationSection One: Translate the following translation-related terms into Chinese (15 points, 1 point each)1．Applied translation studies【答案】应用翻译研究2．Back translation【答案】回译3．Bilateral interpreting【答案】双边传译4．Communicative translation【答案】交际传译5．Stylistic translation【答案】文体翻译6．Contextual consistency【答案】语境一致7．Corpora【答案】语料库8．Covert translation【答案】隐性翻译9．Domesticating translation【答案】归化翻译10．Foreignizing translation【答案】异化翻译11．Free translation【答案】意译12．Literal translation【答案】直译13．Pragmatic translation【答案】实用翻译14．Source text【答案】原作15．Spark Program【答案】星火计划Section Two: Translate the following terms or phrases into English (15 points, 1 point each)1．高架铁路【答案】aerial rail way2．市区铁路【答案】urban railway3．铁路网【答案】railway network4．铁路运输【答案】railway transportation5．往返票【答案】round-trip ticket6．站台票【答案】platform-ticket7．客车站【答案】passenger station8．列车时刻表【答案】train schedule9．环形路线【答案】ring circuit10．换乘站【答案】transfer station11．土地承载能力【答案】land carrying capacity; land bearing capacity12．小产权房【答案】limited property house; houses with limited property rights 13．土豪【答案】Tu-hao; upstart; local tyrant14．胶原蛋白【答案】collagen15．经济适用男【答案】budget husband; economical and applicable manPart B Translation between English and Chinese.(60 points)Section A English to Chinese Translation (20 points for each passage) Passage 1China National Coal Industry Imp. & Exp. Corp. (CNCIEC) is a national mainstay enterprise in China’s coal industry specializing in foreign trade and economic cooperation. With a comprehensive advantage of combination of industry, technology and trade, CNCIEC is authorized to import and export coal in a unified way for China. Besides import and export of coal mining technology, machinery, electrical equipment and other mineral products, its business scope covers coalmine development and cooperation at home and abroad, international engineering projects and manpower supply for overseas projects and works. Abiding by the enterprise principle of “high prestige through quality products and service”, CNCIEC awaits with great enthusiasm people from all walks of life both at home and abroad coming for talks over business, investment, technical and economic cooperation.【参考译文】中国煤炭工业进出口总公司，简称中煤总公司，是中国煤炭行业从事对外经济和贸易的全国性专业化公司。
2013年北京交通大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2013年北京交通大学英语翻译基础真题试卷(题后含答案及解析) 题型有：1. 词语翻译 2. 英汉互译词语翻译英译汉1．bailout正确答案：紧急救助2．Ground Zero正确答案：“爆心投影点”组织3．clean energy正确答案：清洁能源4．administrative transparency正确答案：政务透明5．healthcare reform package正确答案：医改方案6．Comfortable Housing Project正确答案：安居工程7．proactive fiscal policy正确答案：积极的财政政策8．home appliances going to the countryside正确答案：家电下乡9．administrative accountability正确答案：行政问责制10．disaster relief正确答案：赈灾；灾难援助11．top legislative body正确答案：最高立法机关12．defense expenditure正确答案：国防支出；国防开支13．rural left-behind population正确答案：农村留守人口14．minimum living standard正确答案：最低生活标准；低保15．pursue a realistic and pragmatic approach正确答案：实事求是16．capacity for independent innovation正确答案：自主创新能力17．the non-public sector of the economy正确答案：非公有制经济18．the system of basic living allowances for urban and rural residents正确答案：城乡居民基本生活保障制度19．the campaign to educate Party members in preserving /to retain their vanguard nature正确答案：保持党员先进性教育活动20．the imbalance between urban and rural areas正确答案：城乡发展不平衡汉译英21．国有企业正确答案：state-owned enterprise22．基本医疗体制正确答案：basic medicine system23．扩大内需正确答案：expand domestic demand24．政府工作报告正确答案：Report on the Work of the Government25．基本医疗保险正确答案：basic medical insurance26．全球变暖正确答案：global warming27．社会福利制度正确答案：social welfare system28．三险一金正确答案：three insurances (endowment insurance, medical insurance, and unemployment insurance) and one fund (housing provident fund)29．气候变化正确答案：climate change30．开幕式致辞正确答案：opening speech31．党内民主正确答案：inner-party democracy32．改革攻坚正确答案：further reform in difficult areas33．脱离实际、急于求成正确答案：unrealistic pursuit of quick results34．诚信缺失正确答案：lack of credibility35．和而不同正确答案：harmony in diversity36．科学发展观正确答案：Scientific Outlook on Development37．文化市场正确答案：cultural market38．文化扶贫计划正确答案：culture-aid program39．事业编制正确答案：staffing of government affiliated institutions40．国家中长期科学和技术发展规划纲要正确答案：the National Program for Long-and Medium-Term Scientific and Technological Development英汉互译41．In the United States, imports have dropped by half in the past couple of years. Domestic production is up, and consumption is down. The administration uses this improvement to buttress its case for dissolving the Energy Department. But the appearance of less vulnerability to supply interruptions is deceptive and dangerous. Some important changes in U.S. energy use have occurred. The price of oil has been decontrolled, the strategic petroleum reserve is finally being filed, industry is using energy much more efficiently and the gas guzzler is an endangered species. But the price of natural gas is still artificially low, consumers still have no reliable source of help for reducing energy use in their homes, mass transit compared with of other advanced nations is terrible, and the lack of a substantial gasoline tax keeps that unchanged. Nevertheless, the Reagan administration argues that higher energy prices have led to energy conservation and that there is therefore no reason for further federal support of research and other conservation programs. But the real issue is how much of what would be economically beneficial is not happening, and will not happen, under current policies. Do most types of energy use technologies for supply and distribution, consumer information, manufacturing processes and the rest-reflect the reality of expensive energy or the history of cheap energy? The answer varies by sector. Large businesses with access to expertise and capital have adjusted well. Most other sectors have not in residential and commercial buildings, which consume a quarter of all the energy used in America. Only a tiny fraction of the economically desirable savings is being captured. In short, a good beginning has been made, but it is only a beginning. To abandon conservation programs and dismantle research efforts now is to save small amounts of federal dollars at a very large longer-range cost to the economy. And hopeful talk about the end of the energy crisis ignores the painful lessons of the past decade.正确答案：由于情况有了改善，政府就振振有词地主张撤销能源部。