TPO12 lecture词汇
TPO_1-23学术听力词汇整理资料
TPO 1 词汇整理Lecture 1 Contemporary art当代艺术exhibit 展览gallery 画廊，美术馆Realistic impressionism 现实印象派Realism 现实主义Impressionism 印象主义depict 描绘Landscape 风景Bleak 凄凉的，荒凉的Brushstroke 笔法，手法Blurry 不清楚的，模糊的Pinkish yellow 粉黄pumpkin 南瓜Chaotic 混乱的Vibrant 明亮的，充满活力的Illustration 阐述，阐释Portrait 肖像，画像FundamentalLecture 2 Geology地质学Geologic 地质学的geologic feature 地质特征Grand Canyon 大峡谷dating technique 年代测定技术solidify 固化；结晶Sandstone 砂岩Particle 微粒Zircon 锆石Granite 花岗岩，花岗石Lecture 3 archeology 考古学site 遗址Inhabitant 居民Neolithic 新石器时代的Stone age 石器时代obsidian 黑曜石Diagonal 斜的，对角线的Rectangular 长方形的hatchway 天花板Hearth 灶台，壁炉soot 烟尘Ancestor 祖先Artifact 工艺品excavation 挖掘Lecture 4 biology 生物学review复习，回顾case study 案例分析Behaviorally 行为地Adapt 适应Species 种类marmot 土拨鼠Rodent 啮齿动物squirrel松鼠habitat栖息地portion比例，部分Hibernate 冬眠observe观察Reside 居住，定居region地区，区域temperate 温和的Mate交配，n.配偶；同伴frost霜；霜冻vegetative植物的Herb 草本植物territorial 领土的，领地的Offspring 后代Mature 成熟Edible 可食用的Promissory notes 期票（a signed document containing a promise to paya stated amount of money before a particular date）Boom and bust 经济繁荣与萧条Dotcom 网络公司Craze 狂热，风行一时的东西TPO 2 词汇整理Lecture 1 ：philosophy 哲学英文词汇中文含义Make a distinction 区分Aim for 以。
托福36套词表汇总TPO (12)
n.似非而是的论点；悖论，反论；自相矛盾的人或事
perspective
n.透视图；远景；观点adj.透视的
phenomenon
n.现象；奇迹；杰出的人才
crescent
n.新月；新月状物；伊斯兰教的标记；土耳其的新月形国徽
strain
n.张力；拉紧；vi.拉紧；尽力vt.拉紧；竭力
flake
vi.剥落；成片状剥落vt.将…剥落n.小薄片；火花
conglomerate
vi.凝聚成团n.砾岩；聚合物vt.凝聚成团
engrave
vt.雕刻；铭记
furnish
vt.供应；提供；装备
tap
vt.轻敲；轻打；vi.轻拍；轻击n.水龙头；轻打
revitalize
vt.使…复活；使…复兴；使…恢复生气
overshadow
vt.使阴暗；使失色；遮阴；夺去…的光彩
desert
vt.遗弃；放弃n.沙漠；荒原；adj.沙漠的；荒凉的
recharge
vt.再充电；再袭击n.再袭击；再装填vi.再袭击
sandstone
n. [地质]沙岩；[化]砂岩
inche
n. [马来语]先生
periodization
n. [数]周期化；（历史等的）时期（或时代）划分
massifs
n.【地质学】山丘；地块；断层块；大楼，大厦
hemisphere
n.半球
inadequacy
n.不适当，不充分；不完全；不十分
division
leak
n.漏洞，裂缝；泄漏vt.使渗漏，泄露vi.漏，渗
spiral
n.螺旋；旋涡；adj.盘旋的vt.使成螺旋形；
托福听力LECTURE学术词汇
Lecture vocabularyAnthropology 人类学Anthropologist 人类学家Barbarism 野蛮状态Burial 埋葬Celebrate 庆祝Ceremony 仪式Charity 慈善团体Civilization 文明Conscience 良心Courteous 有礼貌的Demography 人口统计学Descendent 后代Dignity 尊严Divine 神的，神圣的Era 时代，年代Ethnic 种族的，部落的Ethnography 人种论Hereditary 世袭的，遗传的Hierarchy 等级制度Humane 仁慈的，人道的Magnificent 壮丽的，宏伟的Majestic 威严的Mercy 宽容，怜悯Moral 道德的Obedient 顺从的，服从的Pictograph 象形文字Rite 仪式，典礼Ritual （宗教）仪式Sedentary 作着的，（人群）固定不迁移的Sincere 真心实意的Solemn 庄重的，隆重的Splendid 壮丽的，辉煌的Status 状况，身份Sublime 超群的，令人赞叹的Subsistence 生计，生存Uprising 起义，暴动Virtue 美德，优点，长处Weave 编，织Worship 崇拜，崇敬Archaeology 考古学Aborigine 土著居民Animism 万物有灵论，泛灵论Artifact 人工制品，手工艺品Conservation 保存，保护Corpse 尸体Date 确定（或推定）。
的年代Excavate 挖出，发掘Extinct 灭绝的，绝种的Flourish 繁荣，兴旺Hominoid 人科的动物，类人动物Incise 雕Medieval 中古时期的，中世纪的Mural 壁画Prehistoric 史前的Preserve 保护，维持的Primeval 原始的Primitive 原始的，上古的Provenience 起源地，出处Radiocarbon dating 放射性碳年代测定Relic 遗迹，遗物Ruins （复数）废墟Specimen 标本Architecture 建筑学Abbey 大修道院，Antique 古董，古董的Arch 拱顶，拱形物Aisle 过道，通道Asymmetrical 不匀称的，不对称的Atrium （高楼大厦的）中庭，天井Blueprint 蓝图，计划Canopy 华盖Cellar 地下储藏室，地窖Column 柱，圆柱Crypt 教堂地下室Dome 圆屋顶Edifice 建筑（尤指宏伟的建筑）Engraving 雕刻工作Frame 框架，构架Landlord 房东Marble 大理石Monument 纪念碑Mosaic 马赛克Occupancy 占有，占用Pagoda 塔Patio 露台，平台Picturesque 生动的，风景如画的Pillar 柱子，房柱Property 财产，房地产Pyramid 金字塔Renovation 修复，装修Residence 居住，住宅Sanctuary 圣所，庇护所Spacious 宽敞的Spatial 空间的，关于空间的Specification 规格（说明），明细规范Sublime 超群的，令人赞叹的Symmetrical 对称的，匀称的Tenant 房客Urban 城市的Vault （教堂的）拱顶Zoning 分区制，分区布局Art 艺术Abstract 抽象的Abstract Expressionism 抽象表现主义Adorn 装饰Array 排列，陈列Artistic 艺术的Aspect 神态，面貌Authentic 真实的，可靠地Bead 水珠，珠子Carve 雕刻Cast 铸造Character 特征，性格Conspicuous 显眼的，显著地Counterfeit 防止，伪造，Craft 工艺，手艺Cubism 立体派（20世纪的一种艺术流派）Duplicate 复制Embed 把。
生词 Tpo12
petroleum[piˈtrəuliəm]n.石油resource[riˈsɔ:s]n.[ pl.]资源，财力；应付办法，谋略crude[kru:d]a.粗鲁(俗)的；天然的；简陋的，粗糙的marine[məˈri:n]n.海军陆战队士兵a.海(洋)的；海军(事)的sediment[ˈsedimənt]n.沉淀，沉渣，沉积(物)decay[diˈkei]vi.腐烂；衰落n.腐烂，腐朽；衰败状态deposit[diˈpɔzit]n.定金；存款；矿藏vt.使沉淀；寄存；储蓄bury[ˈberi]vt.埋葬，葬；掩埋，埋藏，掩藏squeeze[skwi:z]v./ n.挤；榨取；挤过；握(手)；拮据accumulate[əˈkju:mjuleit]vt.堆积，积累，积聚vi.累积，聚积dense[dens]a.密集的，稠密的，浓密的；密度大的drill[dril]n.钻头；操练v.钻(孔)，打(眼)；操练section[ˈsekʃ(ə)n]n.部分；章节；部门，科；截面，剖面pipe[paip]n.管子；烟斗[ pl.]管乐器vt.用管道输送control[kənˈtrəul]n.控制；自制；操纵装置vt.控制；克制refinery[riˈfainəri]n.精炼厂,提炼厂crude[kru:d]a.粗鲁(俗)的；天然的；简陋的，粗糙的fertilize[ˈfə:tilaiz]vt.使肥沃；使多产plastic[ˈplæstik]n.[ pl.]塑料(制品)；信用卡a.塑料的offshore[ˌɔfˈʃɔ:]a./ ad.离岸的(地)；近海的(地) submarine[ˈsʌbməri:n]n.潜水艇a.水底的，海底的significance[sigˈnifikəns]n.意义，含义；重要性，重大potential[pəˈtenʃəl]a.潜在的，可能的n.潜力，潜能forbid[fəˈbid]vt.不许，禁止drift[drift]vi.漂流(泊) n.漂流，漂流物；大意；趋势subside[səbˈsaid]vi.平静，平息；下沉，塌陷，沉降effect[iˈfekt]n.结果；影响[ pl.]个人财物vt.实现，引起fault[fɔ:lt]n.缺点；错误，过错；故障vt.挑剔，指责collision[kəˈliʒən]n.碰撞；冲突，抵触。
托福听力LECTURE学术词汇
Lecture vocabulary Anthropology人类学Anthropologist人类学家Barbarism野蛮状态Burial埋葬Celebrate庆祝Ceremony仪式CharityCivilizationConscienceCourteousDemographyDescendentDignityDivineEraEthnicEthnographyHereditaryHierarchyHumaneMagnificent MajesticMercyMoral Obedient PictographRiteRitual Sedentary SincereSolemn SplendidStatusSublime Subsistence UprisingVirtueWeaveWorship慈善团体文明良心有礼貌的人口统计学后代尊严神的，神圣的时代，年代种族的，部落的人种论世袭的，遗传的等级制度仁慈的，人道的壮丽的，宏伟的威严的宽容，怜悯道德的顺从的，服从的象形文字仪式，典礼（宗教）仪式作着的，（人群）固定不迁移的真心实意的庄重的，隆重的壮丽的，辉煌的状况，身份超群的，令人赞叹的生计，生存起义，暴动美德，优点，长处编，织崇拜，崇敬Archaeology考古学Aborigine土著居民Animism万物有灵论，泛灵论Artifact人工制品，手工艺品Conservation保存，保护Corpse尸体Date确定（或推定）。
的年代Excavate挖出，发掘ExtinctFlourishHominoidInciseMedievalMuralPrehistoric Preserve Primeval Primitive Provenience Radiocarbon dating RelicRuinsSpecimen Architecture AbbeyAntiqueArchAisle Asymmetrical AtriumBlueprint CanopyCellarColumnCryptDomeEdificeEngravingFrameLandlord灭绝的，绝种的繁荣，兴旺人科的动物，类人动物雕中古时期的，中世纪的壁画史前的保护，维持的原始的原始的，上古的起源地，出处放射性碳年代测定遗迹，遗物（复数）废墟标本建筑学大修道院，古董，古董的拱顶，拱形物过道，通道不匀称的，不对称的（高楼大厦的）中庭，天井蓝图，计划华盖地下储藏室，地窖柱，圆柱教堂地下室圆屋顶建筑（尤指宏伟的建筑）雕刻工作框架，构架房东Marble大理石Monument纪念碑Mosaic马赛克Occupancy占有，占用Pagoda塔Patio露台，平台Picturesque生动的，风景如画的Pillar柱子，房柱Property财产，房地产Pyramid Renovation Residence SanctuarySpaciousSpatial Specification Sublime SymmetricalTenantUrbanVaultZoningArtAbstractAbstract Expressionism AdornArrayArtisticAspectAuthenticBeadCarveCastCharacter Conspicuous CounterfeitCraftCubismDuplicateEmbedEminent金字塔修复，装修居住，住宅圣所，庇护所宽敞的空间的，关于空间的规格（说明），明细规范超群的，令人赞叹的对称的，匀称的房客城市的分区制，分区布局艺术抽象的抽象表现主义装饰排列，陈列艺术的神态，面貌真实的，可靠地水珠，珠子雕刻铸造特征，性格显眼的，显著地防止，伪造，工艺，手艺立体派（20世纪的一种艺术流派）复制把。
托福听力TPO12原文 Lecture 3-智课教育旗下智课教育
智 课 网 托 福 备 考 资 料托福听力TPO12原文 Lecture 3-智课教育旗下智课教育下面就让小编来为大家介绍一下托福听力TPO12原文中Lecture 3的文本内容吧，大家要好好把握，这些都是非常有价值的材料，同时，大家也可以登录智课教育论坛进行TPO练习辅导，希望能够给准备托福听力的同学带来帮助。
TPO 12 Lecture 3 Music historyProfessor：The word opera means work, actually it means works. It’s the plural of the word opus from the Latin. And in Italian it refers in general to works of art. Opera Lyric or lyric of opera refers to what we think of as opera, the musicaldrama.Opera was commonplace in Italy for almost thousands of years before it became commercial as a venture. And during those years, several things happened primarily linguistic or thematic and both involving secularization.Musical drama started in the churches. It was an educational tool. It was used primarily as a vehicle for teaching religion and was generally presented in the Latin, the language of the Christian Church which had considerable influence in Italy at that time. But the language of everyday life was evolving in Europe and at a certain point in the middle ages it was really only merchants, Socratics and clergy who can deal with Latin. The vast majority of the population used their own regional vernacular in all aspects to their lives. And so in what is now Italy, operas quit being presented in Latin and started being presented in Italian. And once that happened, the themes of the opera presentations also started to change. And musical drama moved from the church to the plaza right outside the church. And the themes again, the themes changed. And opera was no longer about teaching religion as it was about satire and about expressing the ideas of society your government without committing yourself to writing and risking imprisonment or persecution, or what have you.Opera, as wethink of it, is of course a rather restive form. It is the melodious drama of ancient Greek theater, the term ‘melodious drama’being shortened eventually to ‘melodrama’ because operas frequently are melodramatic, not to say unrealistic. And the group that put the first operas together that we have today even, were, they were…well…it was a group of men that included Gallo Leo’s father Venchesil, and they met in Florence he and a group of friends of the counts of the party and they formed what is called the Camarola Dayir Bardy. And they took classical theater and reproduced it in the Renaissance’s time. This…uh…this produced some of the operas that we have today.Now what happened in the following centuries is very simple. Opera originated in Italy but was not confined to Italy any more than the Italians were. And so as the Italians migrated across Europe, they carried theater with them and opera specifically because it was an Italian form. What happened is that the major divide in opera that endures today took place. The French said opera auto-reflect the rhythm and Kevin of dramatic literature, bearing in mind that we are talking about the golden age in French literature. And so the music was secondary, if you will, to the dramatic Kevin of language, to the way the rhythm of language was used to express feeling and used to add drama and of course as a result instead of arias or solos, which would come to dominated Italian opera. The French relied on that what is the Italian called French Word 1 or French Word 2 in English. The lyrics were spoken, frequently to the accomp**nt of a harpsichord.The French said you really cannot talk about real people who lived in opera and they relied on mythology to give them their characters and their plots, mythology, the past old traditions, the novels of chivalry or the epics of chivalry out of the middle Ages. The Italian said, no this is a great historical tool and what a better way to educate the public about Neo or Attallaor any number of people than to put them into a play they can see and listen to. The English appropriated opera after the French. Opera came late to England because alltheaters, public theaters were closed, of course, during their civil war. And it wasn’t until the restoration in 1660 that public theaters again opened and opera took off. The English made a major adjustment to opera and exported what they had done to opera back to Italy. So that you have this circle of musical influences, the Italians invented opera, the French adapted it, the English adopted it, and the Italians took it back.It came to America late and was considered to elites for the general public. But Broadway musicals fulfilled a similar function for a great long while. George Champon wrote about opera, “If an extraterrestrial being or two appear before us and say, what is your society like, what is this Earth thing all about, you could do worse than take that creature to an opera.” Because opera does, after all, begin with a man and a woman and any motion.《音乐史》教授：“歌剧”这个词的意思是“作品”。
TPO-12 听力解析(Lecture3-Opera)
TPO-12 Lecture3 Music History(Opera)要点归纳及讲座层次黄晓红 2010年12月Opera一词的来历和含义一、歌剧发展的初期：(1)最初：主要在教堂；作为传播宗教的手段；拉丁语形式。
然而，在中世纪的欧洲：日常用语产生，只有少数商人、贵族和牧师懂得拉丁语，大部分人用方言交流。
影响-->(2)歌剧发生变化：歌剧语言：开始用意大利语演唱，歌剧的主题也随之改变。
歌剧的主题：不再作为传播宗教的工具，而被用来表达对社会的看法。
二、歌剧的前身：古希腊戏剧；歌剧通常具有戏剧性、不切实际巴尔迪伯爵和他的朋友们的贡献：在文艺复兴时期，把古典戏剧改造为歌剧三、歌剧的传播概述：歌剧起源于意大利，但正如意大利人一样，它并没有被局限在那里。
歌剧随着意大利人的迁移而被传播到欧洲的各个地方。
1、歌剧内部分化的出现：（法国歌剧和意大利歌剧侧重点不同）（1）法国歌剧：认为歌剧应当反应戏剧文学的韵律和节奏；因此法国歌剧把音乐的重要性置于音韵优美的语言（表达情感，增加戏剧性）之后。
（2）因此，尽管咏叹调和独唱后来占据了意大利歌剧的一席之地；法国人依赖于采用吟诵调（歌词被朗诵出来，通常由大提琴伴奏）。
（3）在内容上：法国人还认为在歌剧中不能谈论现实人物，他们从神话故事中寻找可以用于歌剧创作的人物和情节。
（神话，田园牧歌传统，骑士小说，中世纪的骑士史诗）（4）意大利人则认为歌剧是最好的历史工具，可以用来教导公众，歌颂尼罗（古罗马皇帝）或者匈奴王的功绩。
2、英国继法国之后改造歌剧，然后又向意大利输出歌剧。
3、歌剧传播到美国比较晚，并且被看作是脱离大众的精英文化。
百老汇音乐剧扮演了和歌剧相似的角色。
小结：音乐影响的循环——意大利人发明了歌剧，法国人修改了歌剧，英国人吸收了歌剧，意大利人又回收歌剧。
四、引言及评价关于歌剧，John Jay Chapman写道，【引言】“如果一个或两个外星人出现在我们面前，问：你们的社会是什么样的，地球到底是个什么东西。
【可打印】托福听力 熟词僻义
托福听力熟词僻义要求：朗诵+记忆1.appropriate [ə'prəʊprɪeɪt] v. 擅用，挪用，占用，盗用；拨（专款等）The English appropriated opera after the French.——TPO 12 Lecture 3本句中该单词应该为哪个具体含义？____。
2.assume [ə'sju:m] v. 承担，担任；呈现，显露；假装，装作……的样子；采取……的态度The muscular system of the octopus enables it to be very flexible to assume all sorts of shapes and postures.——TPO 17 Lecture 4本句中该单词应该为哪个具体含义？____。
3.bark [bɑ:k] n. 树皮；狗叫声The birch tree has white bark, and this tough protective outer layer of the tree, this white bark, is waterproof.——TPO 7 Lecture 3本句中该单词应该为哪个具体含义4.bill [bɪl] n. 账单；议案，法案；（水禽等细长而扁平的）嘴Well, what I really need to know is how long till I get some money. I’m already a month behind in my bills and my tuition’s due soon.——TPO 12 Conversation 2本句中该单词应该为哪个具体含义？____。
So the company reintroduced the eco-light with a new message, one that emphasized cost savings, that the eco-light lowers electric bills and lasts for years.——TPO 26 Lecture 1本句中该单词应该为哪个具体含义？____。
TPO12词汇
第一篇:Which Hand Did They Use? (TPO12) palm [pɑ:m] n. 手掌, 掌状物versus['vɜrsəs ]prep.对; 与...相对dominance['dɒmɪnəns]n.优势; 支配, 统治stencil['stensl]n.模版, 蜡纸v.用模板印刷; 用蜡纸印shelter['ʃeltə(r)]n.遮盖物; 避难所; 躲避处; 掩蔽, 遮蔽v.掩蔽, 遮蔽; 保护; 庇护; 躲避; 避难vice[vaɪs]n.恶习; 坏脾气; 恶行prep.恶习; 坏脾气; 恶行predominant[prɪ'dɑmɪnənt /-'dɒ-]adj.优越的, 有力的, 卓越的furnish[fur·nish || 'fɜrnɪʃ /'fɜːn-]v.供应; 装备; 提供engraving[en'grav·ing || -vɪŋ]n.雕刻, 雕版, 镌版术depict[dɪ'pɪkt]v.描述; 描写clue[kluː]n.线索, 提示, 迹象#情节v.为...提供线索; 为...提供情况, 告知muscular['mʌskjələr /-jʊlə]adj.强壮的, 有力的, 肌肉发达的upper['ʌpə(r)]n.鞋帮, 上齿, 绑腿adj.上面的, 上级的, 较高的observation[‚ɑbzər'veɪʃn /‚ɒbzə-]n.观察; 观察力; 观测; 言论, 意见wounded[' wuːndɪd]n.受伤者; 伤兵adj.受伤的skeleton['skelɪtn]n.骨骼, 梗概, 瘦如柴的人adj.骨骼的; 概略的; 骨瘦如柴的; 最基本的skull[skʌl]n.头盖骨, 脑壳, 头脑rib[rɪb]n.肋骨, 肋状物v.嘲弄, 取笑; 用肋状物支撑tend[tend]v.走向; 倾向; 趋向; 易于; 照管, 照料; 管理; 护理; 照料以免纠缠; 服侍招待; 注意, 关心reveal[rɪ'vɪːl]v.露出, 透露, 显示indicate['ɪndɪkeɪt]v.指出; 象征; 显示rope[rəʊp]n.绳, 绞刑; 栏索; 一串v.捆, 缚, 扎; 用绳索套捉; 用绳捆起; 拧成绳状; 产生丝状黏质fiber['faɪbə(r)]n.纤维; 质地; 纤维物质, 纤维质料; 性格spiral['spaɪərəl]n.螺旋; 蜷线; 螺线; 螺旋形的东西v.盘旋; 螺旋形上升; 成螺旋形; 不断加剧地增加; 使成螺旋形; 使作螺旋形上升adj.螺旋的; 蜷线的; 螺线的; 盘旋的tress [tres] 卷(头发), 梳成一束, 打成辫子occasionally[ə'keɪʒnəlɪ]adv.偶尔, 间或assess[ə'ses]v.估定的价值; 对征税; 确定的金额; 处以罚金hammer['hæmə(r)]n.锤, 钉锤, 铁锤v.锤打, 钉, 敲打; 锤击; 敲打; 锤打; 反复强调rotate[rəʊ'teɪt]v.旋转, 转动; 轮换调防; 循环, 轮流; 使旋转, 使转动; 轮换; 使轮流; 把轮换调防flake[fleɪk]n.小薄片; 玉米片; 扁薄的一层; 火星, 火花#一卷绳索v.使成薄片; 像雪花般覆盖; 入睡; 离开; 昏倒; 消失applied[ap·plied || ə'plaɪd]adj.实用的; 应用的pebble[peb·ble || 'pebl]n.小圆石, 小鹅卵石v.用卵石铺; 在上印卵石花纹; 用卵石连续扔site[saɪt]n.位置, 地点, 场所v.为...选址; 设置; 决定...的场所identical[i'den·ti·cal || aɪ'dentɪkl]adj.同一的; 一卵的, 同卵的; 完全相同的, 完全相似的; 同源的mammal['mæml]n.哺乳动物preferential[ prefə'renʃl]adj.先取的, 选择的, 优先的crescent['kresnt]n.新月, 新月形之物cortex['kɔːteks]n.皮层; 树皮asymmetricaladj.不均匀的; 不对称的specimen| 'spesɪmən]n.范例, 样品, 标本cerebral| 'serɪbrəl]adj.脑的; 大脑的Most engravings, for example, are best lit from the left, as befits the work of right-handed artists, who generally prefer to have the light source on the left so that the shadow of their hand does not fall on the tip of the engraving tool or brush.The best lighting for most engrav ings suggests that they were made by right-handed people trying to aoid the shadow of their hands interfering with their work. Neanderthaladj.穴居人的n.尼安得特人befit| bɪfɪt]v.适合于, 对...适当quinan.金鸡纳树皮; 奎宁第二篇：Transition to Sound in Film(TPO12)transition| træn'sɪʃn ,-z-]n.转变, 过渡时期, 转换visible| 'vɪzəbl]adj.看得见的, 显然的, 明显的theatrical| θɪ'ætrɪkl]adj.剧场的, 戏剧性的, 夸张的watershedn.分水岭division| dɪ'vɪʒn]n.区分, 分开, 除法; 部门regard| rɪ'gɑrd /-'gɑːd-]=consideredn.关心, 尊敬, 注意; 考虑v.把...看作, 把...认为; 尊敬; 注重, 考虑, 注意; 看待;considered[con'sid·ered || -dəd]adj.考虑过的; 被尊重的invariably[in·var·i·a·bly || ɪn'verɪəblɪ /-'veər-]adv.不变地, 一定地inadequacy[in·ad·e·qua·cy || ɪn'ædɪkwəsɪ]n.不适当; 不充分; 不完全mute[mjuːt]n.哑子, 弱音器, 默音字母v.消除, 减轻; 使柔和adj.哑的; 沉默的; 无声的paradox| 'pærədɑks /-dɒks]n.似非而是的论点, 自相矛盾的话; 逆说, 悖论contradiction| ‚kɑntrə'dɪkʃn /'kɒn-]n.矛盾; 反驳; 否认; 抵触modest| 'mɑdɪst /'mɒ-]adj.谦逊的, 适度的, 羞怯的accompaniment| ə'kʌmpənɪmənt]n.伴随物; 附加物; 伴唱; 伴奏spectator| 'spekteɪtə /spek'teɪtə]n.观众, 旁观者, 目击者elaborate| ɪ'læbərət]v.精心制作; 详细阐述; 详细说明; 变得复杂; 详尽计划adj.精细的, 精心的, 详尽的aural| 'ɔːrəl]adj.耳的; 听到的; 听觉的#气味的presentation[prɪːzən'teɪʃn]n.介绍, 赠送, 陈述narrator| næ'reɪtə]n.解说员; 叙述者, 讲述者composition[kɒmpə'zɪʃn]n.写作; 作品; 作曲; 作文symphony['sɪmfənɪ]n.交响乐, 交响曲; 交响音乐会; 交响乐团, 交响乐队; 和声, 谐声orchestra[or·ches·tra || 'ɔrkɪstrə /'ɔːk-]n.管弦乐队, 乐队演奏处premiere[premɪə]n.初次的演出v.初次上演overshadow = distract fromv.遮阴, 使失色, 使阴暗distract from使从...分心aesthetic| iːs'θetɪk(l)]adj.美学的; 艺术的; 美的; 审美的simultaneouslyadv.同时地multiple['mʌltɪpl]n.倍数; 多路系统; 并联adj.复合的; 多人享有的; 多样的; 并联的convert| kən'vɜːt]n.皈依者, 改宗者v.使改变信仰, 倒置, 兑换; 转变, 变换; 改变信仰; 皈依suppressedadj.抑制的; 发育不全的retarded[rɪ'tɑrdɪd /-'tɑːd-]adj.智力迟钝的, 发展迟缓的Though it may be difficult to imagine from a later perspective, a strain of critical opinion in the 1920 s predicted that sound film would be a technical novelty that would soon fade from sight, just as had many previous attempts, dating well back before the First World War, to link images with recorded sound.novelty['nɑvltɪ /'nɒv-]n.新颖, 新鲜, 新奇fade[feɪd]v.褪色, 凋谢, 消失; 使褪色previous['prɪːvɪəs]adj.早先的, 过急的, 前面的assumption[ə'sʌmpʃn]n.设想, 假定; 承担; 担任; 夺取fragile['frædʒaɪl]adj.易碎的; 脆的amplification[æmplɪfɪ'keɪʃn]n.扩大; 振幅; 发挥, 详述; 放大率entertainment[entə(r)'teɪmənt]n.款待; 娱乐表演; 娱乐revitalize[rɪː'vaɪtəlaɪz]v.使恢复生气, 使复兴, 使复活collaboration[kə‚læbə'reɪʃn]n.合作; 勾结; 共同研究competition[kɒmpɪ'tɪʃn]n.竞争; 竞赛asset['æset]n.资产; 有用的东西dual['djuːəl]adj.两的, 双的; 双重的; 双倍的conversion| kən'vɜːʃnn.转变, 换位, 改宗prohibitive| prəʊ'hɪbətɪv /prə'hɪbɪ-]adj.禁止的, 抑制的; (指价格等)高得买不起的triumph| 'traɪəmf]n.凯旋, 欢欣, 胜利v.获得胜利; 欢庆胜利; 得意扬扬, 耀武扬威; 举行凯旋第三篇：W ater in the Desert (TPO12)define[dɪ'faɪn]v.定义; 详细说明annual['ænjʊəl]n.年鉴, 年刊; 一年生植物adj.每年的; 一年一次的; 一年生的flat[flæt]n.平面, 平坦部分; 浅滩; 沼地; 泄了气的轮胎#一层; 公寓大楼; 公寓房间adj.平的, 平坦的; 平伏的, 平卧的; 浅的; 泄了气的adv.平直地, 仰卧地; 恰恰, 正好; 以降调; 断然地feature[fea·ture || 'fɪːtʃə(r)]n.特征, 特色, 容貌; 全长胶片; 吸引; 报纸上的一般栏目; 程序的优点, 专长, 特点(计算机用语)v.是...的特色; 放映; 特写drastically = severelyadv.大大地; 激烈地; 彻底地severely| sɪ'vɪrlɪ /-'vɪə-]adv.严格地; 激烈地dweller| 'dwelə(r)]= inhabitantn.居民inhabitant| ɪn'hæbɪtənt]n.居民; 居住者fraction| 'frækʃn]n.分数, 破片, 小部分massif| 'mæsiːf]n.山丘evaporate[e·vap·o·rate || ɪ'væpəreɪt]v.使蒸发; 蒸发, 消失, 失去水分hydrologicaladj.水文学的extraction[ex'trac·tion || -kʃn]n.抽出, 抽出物, 取出vague[veɪg]adj.含糊的, 茫然的, 不清楚的extent[ɪk'stent]n.范围, 区域, 程度unevenadj.不平坦的, 不均匀的, 不平均的fracture['fræktʃə(r)]= crackn.破碎, 骨折v.使破裂; 使折断; 使断裂; 使骨折; 破裂; 折断; 断裂crack[kræk]n.裂缝, 爆裂声v.爆裂, 发出爆裂声, 裂开; 使爆裂, 使破裂; 强行进入; 砸开, 砰地一声打开; 使霹啪作响adj.最好的; 高明的saturated| 'sætʃəreɪtɪd]adj.饱和的, 深颜色的, 渗透的aquifer[‘ækwifə]n.含水土层, 地下蓄水层porous| 'pɔːrəs]adj.多孔的, 多孔性的, 有气孔的cavity['kævətɪ]n.洞; 腔; 空穴conglomerate| kən'glɒməreɪt]n.集成物, 砾岩, 集块v.使聚集; 凝聚成一团equilibrium[‚ɪːkwɪ'lɪbrɪəm]n.平衡; 均衡; 平静。
【托福听力备考】TPO12听力文本——Lecture 1
【托福听力备考】TPO12听力文本——Lecture 1众所周知，托福TPO材料是备考托福听力最好的材料。
相信众多备考托福的同学也一直在练习这套材料，那么在以下内容中我们就为大家带来托福TPO听力练习的文本，希望能为大家的备考带来帮助。
TPO12 Lecture 1 BiologyNarrator:Listen to part of a lecture in a Biology Class.ProfessorAs we learn more about the DNA in human cells and how it controls thegrowth and development of cells, then maybe we can explain a very importantobservation, that when we try to grow most human cells in a laboratory, theyseem programmed to divide only a certain number of times before they die.Now this differs with the type of cell. Some cells, like nerve cells, onlydivide seven to nine times in their total life. Others, like skin cells, willdivide many, many more times. But finally the cells stop renewing themselves andthey die. And in the cells of the human body itself, in the cells of everyorgan, of almost every type of tissue in the body, the same thing will happeneventually.OK, you know that all of a person’s genetic information is contained onvery long pieces of DNA called Chromosomes. 46 of them are in the human cells,that’s 23 pairs of these Chromosomes of various lengths and sizes.Now if you’ll look at this rough drawing of one of them, one Chromosomeabout to divide into two. You see that it sort of looks like, well actually it’smuch more complex than this, but it reminds us a couple of springs linkedtogether, two coiled up pieces of DNA. And if you stretch them out you will find they contain certain genes, certain sequences of DNA that help determine how the cells of the body will develop. When researchers look really carefully at the DNA in Chromosomes though, they were amazed, we all were, to find that only afraction of it, maybe 20-30%, converts into meaningful genetic information. It’sincredible; at least it was to me. But if you took away all the DNA that codes for genes, you still have maybe 70% of the DNA left over. That’s the so-called JUNK DNA. Though the word junk is used sort of tongue-in-cheek.The assumption is that even if this DNA doesn’t make up any of the genes, it must serve some other purpose. Anyway, if we examine these ends of these coils of DNA, we will find a sequence of DNA at each end of every humanChromosome, called a telomere.Now a telomere is a highly repetitious and genetically meaningless sequenceof DNA, what we were calling JUNK DNA. But it does have an important purpose; itis sort of like the plastic tip on each end of a shoelace. It may not help you tie your shoe but that little plastic tip keeps the rest of the shoelace, the shoe string from unraveling into weak and useless threads. Well, the telomeres at the ends of Chromosomes seem to do about the same thing--- protect the genes, the genetically functional parts of the Chromosome, from being damaged. Every time the Chromosome divides, every time one cell divides into two. Pieces of theends of the Chromosome, the telomeres, get broken off. So after each division,the telomeres get shorter and one of the things that may happen after a while isthat pieces of the genes themselves get broken off the Chromosomes. So the Chromosome is now losing important genetic information and is no longerfunctional. But as long as the telomeres are a certain length, they keep this from happening. So it seems that, when the, by looking at the length of the telomeres on specific Chromosomes, we can actually predict pretty much how long certain cells can successfully go on dividing.Now, there are some cells that just seem to keep on dividing regardless, which may not always be a good thing if it gets out of control.But when we analyze these cells chemically, we find something veryinteresting, a chemical in them, an enzyme called telomerase. As bits of the telomere break off from the end of the Chromosome, this chemical, thistelomerase can rebuild it, can help reassemble the protective DNA, the telomere that the Chromosome has lost. Someday we may be able to take any cell and keep it alive functioning and reproducing itself essentially forever through the use of telomerase. And in the future we may have virtually immortal nerve cells and immortal skin cells or whatever, because this chemical, telomerase, can keep the telomeres on the ends of Chromosomes from getting any shorter.希望这些对你的托福备考有帮助，预祝大家托福考试能取得理想成绩。
托福TPO12 口语文档材料
TPO-121.What is the most efficient type of transportation in your country? Explainwhy you think it is efficient. Include specific reasons or examples.2.Some people believe it's essential for a person's education to learn to playa musical instrument. Others don't believe music education is important.Which view do you agree with? Explain why.3.College Radio Station to Undergo Major Changes?The university is considering making major changes to the college radio station. Changes would include an expansion of the station's broadcasting range, which would allow the radio's programming to reach nearby towns. One goal of the plan is to attract more students to apply to its communications program. Another goal is to provide the university with an extra source of revenue. University officials expect the enhanced radio station to significantly increase the number of listeners, which will in turn encourage businesses to place commercials on the radio.The woman supports the proposal described in the article. Explain why she thinks it will achieve the university's goals.4.Subliminal PerceptionHumans are constantly perceiving visual and auditory stimuli. Sometimes our perception of these stimuli occurs consciously: we are aware of a stimulus and know that we are perceiving it. But our perception of a stimulus can also occur without our awareness: an image might appear and disappear before our eyes too quickly for us to notice that we saw it, or a sound might be too faint for us to realize that we heard it. This phenomenon—the perception of a stimulus just below the threshold of conscious awareness—is called subliminal perception. Experiments have shown that subliminally perceived stimuli can influence people's thoughts and attitudes.Describe what subliminal perception is and explain how the experiment discussed by the professor illustrates this phenomenon.5. The speakers discuss two possible solutions to the woman's problem. Briefly summarize the problem. Then state which of the solutions you recommendand explain why.6. Using the points and examples from the talk, explain how substitute goods and complement goods influence demand for a particular product。
新托福测试12年词汇辅导(33)
新托福测试12年词汇辅导（33）electric-discharge gas-dymanic laser 放电气动激光器electric-flash lamp 电子闪光灯electricity (1)电(2)电学electrification (1)起电(2)带电(3)电气化electrization 电气化electro-adsorption 电吸附electro-bath 电镀槽electro-coulogram 眼电图electro-deposition 电解淀积物electro-flash 电子闪光灯electro-fluorescence (1)电荧光(2)电致发光electro-optcial aberration 电光像差electro-optic crystals 电光光学晶体electro-optic modulators 电光调变器electro-optic optical deflectors/scanners 电光偏折/扫瞄器electro-optical beamsplitter 电光分束镜electro-optical ceramic storage 电光陶瓷存储 electro-optical chronography 电子光学定时法 electro-optical coefficient 电光系数electro-optical crystal 电光晶体electro-optical deflection 电光偏转electro-optical deflector 电光偏转器中华考试网electro-optical device 电光装置electro-optical diffraction 电光衍射调制器electro-optical display system 电光显示系统 electro-optical effect 电光效应electro-optical element 电光元件electro-optical image 电光图像electro-optical imaging 电光成像electro-optical modulation 电光调制electro-optical modulator 电光调制器。
托福听力LECTURE学术词汇
Lecture vocabulary Anthropology 人类学Anthropologist 人类学家Barbarism 野蛮状态Burial 埋葬Celebrate 庆祝Ceremony 仪式CharityCivilizationConscienceCourteous Demography DescendentDignityDivineEraEthnicEthnographyHereditaryHierarchyHumaneMagnificent MajesticMercyMoralObedient PictographRiteRitual Sedentary Sincere Solemn SplendidStatusSublime Subsistence UprisingVirtueWeave Worship 慈善团体文明良心有礼貌的人口统计学后代神的，神圣的时代，年代种族的，部落的人种论世袭的，遗传的等级制度仁慈的，人道的壮丽的，宏伟的威严的宽容，怜悯道德的顺从的，服从的象形文字仪式，典礼（宗教）仪式作着的，（人群）固定不迁移的真心实意的庄重的，隆重的壮丽的，辉煌的状况，身份超群的，令人赞叹的生计，生存起义，暴动美德，优点，长处编，织崇拜，崇敬Archaeology 考古学Aborigine 土著居民Animism 万物有灵论，泛灵论Artifact 人工制品，手工艺品Conservation 保存，保护Corpse尸体Date确定（或推定）。
的年代Excavate挖出，发掘ExtinctFlourishHominoidInciseMedievalMuralPrehistoricPreservePrimevalPrimitive Provenience Radiocarbon dating RelicRuinsSpecimen Architecture AbbeyAntiqueArchAisle Asymmetrical AtriumBlueprintCanopyCellarColumnCryptDomeEdificeEngravingFrameLandlord 灭绝的，绝种的繁荣，兴旺人科的动物，类人动物雕中古时期的，中世纪的壁画史前的保护，维持的原始的原始的，上古的起源地，出处放射性碳年代测定遗迹，遗物（复数）废墟标本建筑学大修道院，古董，古董的拱顶，拱形物过道，通道不匀称的，不对称的（高楼大厦的）中庭，天井蓝图，计划华盖地下储藏室，地窖柱，圆柱教堂地下室圆屋顶建筑（尤指宏伟的建筑）雕刻工作框架，构架Marble 大理石Monument 纪念碑Mosaic 马赛克Occupa ncy占有，占用Pagoda塔Patio 露台，平台Picturesque 生动的，风景如画的Pillar 柱子，房柱Property 财产，房地产PyramidRenovationResidenceSanctuarySpaciousSpatialSpecificationSublimeSymmetricalTenantUrbanVaultZoningAbstractAbstract ExpressionismAdornArrayArtisticAspectAuthenticBeadCarveCastCharacterConspicuousCounterfeitCraftCubismDuplicateEmbedEminent 金字塔修复，装修居住，住宅圣所，庇护所宽敞的空间的，关于空间的规格（说明），明细规范超群的，令人赞叹的对称的，匀称的房客城市的分区制，分区布局艺术抽象的抽象表现主义装饰排列，陈列艺术的神态，面貌真实的，可靠地水珠，珠子雕刻铸造特征，性格显眼的，显著地防止，伪造，工艺，手艺立体派（20 世纪的一种艺术流派）复制把。