Different Social Customs Between Americans and Chinese _0
中西方风俗习惯差异英文版
table etiquette difference
the arrangement of seats
reflection of cultural difference
classification
china: harmonious unified
Western customs ——European Festivals
中西方社交风俗差异 （ Social customs between China & West）
There are certainly many different social customs between China and Western countries to which we should pay much attention in communicating with the foreigners. Only those who have an awareness of the culture of another nation can have a better command of its Social customs, and will have Smooth and pleasant conversation with their people.
Hallo, I am Carol. It’s nice to meet you!
Hi, I am Carol. I am XX’s friend, and I am
from BJUT…
场景1:餐厅见面 （ Scene 1：First meet in the restraint）
Smile ,nod, shake hands if in very formal occasion.
道德与法律的关系（Therelationshipbetweenmoralityandlaw）
道德与法律的关系（The relationship between morality and law）The relationship between morality and lawTo analyze the relationship between law and morality, we must first understand the meaning of morality. Generally, the mention of morality, there is no doubt that people will associate it with kindness, beauty, justice, glory together, and law, but also as a way to adjust social relations, through social customs, people's beliefs to implement. Therefore, it is understood that morality is the sum of the norms of behavior that regulate the relationship between man and society. Morality is a complete concept, rooted in the customs and habits, in the primitive society, people living in a kinship based clan society, customs adjustment depends mainly on the clan members, concluded from the food distribution to the marriage, reflects the positive role of customs. However, with the complexity of social life, social relations become more complex, simply by the customs and habits have not completely adjusted, so the moral is generated, and so the moral is not abstract from people's heart, but not from religious theology, but on the basis of a certain material. On the moral philosophy as the superstructure, is to maintain the economic base class, with the development of productive forces, the customs and ethics to adjust all social relations has been impossible, the society need more powerful, more standards and norms to adjust, the law will be generated. The emergence of the law does not mean that the adjustment of social relations no longer depends on morality, and the law has its limitations in the way of adjustment and the scope of adjustment, and morality is still an important means of adjusting social relations. Both law and morality play an important role in the adjustment of socialrelations. Morality, as a way of adjusting social relations, is inseparable from its content and characteristics. In terms of its content, morality is valuable. Value, that is, goodness, beauty, justice, glory, justice, etc., is the highest level of morality, and also the highest standard of judging people's wishes and behaviors. [1]. School of natural law in the western jurisprudence, the value analysis method to study the law, explore the law, they will be more visible in connection with morality, moral evaluation of legal also has an important role, this is an important difference between moral and habits, to see whether the two value evaluation function. In addition to its value, morality has the following characteristics. First, morality has class nature. Different classes have different moral, for example, the American Declaration of independence expressed by the North American bourgeois moral criticism of British rule, the Communist Manifesto expressed by the working class of bourgeois moral criticism, deeply reflects the different class moral opposition. Second, the morality is material restriction, the aforementioned produce and material basis of morality is inseparable, it is decided by the material basis of society, change and development of material basis, the nature and content of moral development and change accordingly. Third, common morality is mainly reflected in the content, because of moral justice, goodness, beauty and other content accords with people's values, can be generally accepted by people, for example, respect for human dignity and equality, mutual respect, protect the environment, but not ignorant, help each other, as people in economic, political, cultural and other exchanges in various fields increasingly close, common morality will be more concentrated. Confucianism is the mainstream consciousness Chinese in traditional culture, theprocess of Chinese legal history is actually the process of Confucianism, therefore, the relationship between law and morality is embodied in Confucianism, the Confucian thought of "supplementing" concept is also reflected in the later Chinese law. For example, Confucius believes that good law embodies a spirit of benevolence, in addition, it must play a role in maintenance of filial piety, he said "the implicit father for the child, the father" is against the then implicate Kin inhumane legal principles, emphasizing the value of kinship and filial piety. Chinese law?? the provisions of "concealment", namely "father son for hidden moral law". Xunzi said: it is not indecent, too. (Xunzi? Slim?). Courtesy is the moral, meaning that does not conform to the ritual law is not a real law, that is to say the true law must reflect a moral spirit, the moral spirit is the "ceremony", so Chinese feudal legal system is a kind of etiquette. In the west, it is different from china. Chinese is a large agricultural country, self-sufficient, but western manynationalities, adjacent to each other, mainly rely on commercial relations with other countries, the western commodity economy is developed, so the adjustment of commercial economy in the field of private law is developed. People prefer to live freely in a free, equal and equitable environment. Therefore, morality, which is free, equal and fair, promotes the evolution of the law in this direction. For example, Bodenheimer, an American jurist, said: "in unfair competition.",Some reform in recent years, the courts and the legislature of, must be attributed to enhance and improve the moral sense, and thus the prevailing notion that commercial society must rely on more than moral condemnation means to effectively protectagainst some kinds of reprehensible without ethical business conduct. In addition, there have been some new developments in the area of fraudulent advertising, [2]. He believes that some business ethics should be given legal force. One of the basic principles of civil law or commercial law principle, a moral obligation into legal obligations, therefore, from the relationship between western law and morality, the law of evolution of the west is successful, so far as many Eastern countries for reference. In the front, we are talking about the development model of the relationship between law and morality in China and the West. Then what is the relationship between law and morality? The first performance in the consistency of law and morality, that is the same purpose, law and morality at the same time as the superstructure, is restricted by the economic basis, but also has a certain historical independence, they are to safeguard the interests of the ruling class, an important means of adjusting social relations. Secondly, law and morality complement each other in function, and law and morality belong to the category of social spiritual civilization. They are ways to adjust social relations, and they function differently in different environments. In our example, in times of peace, the rulers generally pay much attention to the role of morality, in effect ruled, however in the riots in the rulers will tend to use legal means to suppress opposition, we can see that the moral is the basis of law, the law is the moral barrier, the legal system is not perfect, social disorder that leads to moral decay, conversely, if the law justly, equality, can also promote the role of moral education, at the same time, the implementation of the law of morality also play a supporting role, through the public opinion and personal moral beliefs to ensure legal compliance,but also can promote the judicial and law enforcement justice. Morality is a means of crime prevention, punishment is afterwards punishment, and moral education publicity can also reduce crime rate. Generally speaking, some people who are guilty of crimes, although they have a weak sense of law, are more morally bankrupt, such as homicide, robbery, arson and other crimes, and most of them have no human rights concept. Most of the crimes of theft are intended for nothing, while corruption, dereliction of duty and so on are no social responsibility or professional ethics. The relationship between law and morality is also manifested in the convergence of content. The front has mentioned the earliest law by morality evolved, now, law and morality are mutually independent, but the law is still on the basis of ethic, legal moral norms into legal norms, the provisions of the positive values for the law should follow the guidelines. For example, the principle of good faith in civil law, and unfair competition principle, discuss business to hair in front of the principle of fairness, respect principle, so that the original is reflected in the moral obligation is realized through legislation. At the same time, the law will also be some negative moral obligations in the form of legislation prohibited, such as the prohibition of fraud, perjury, corruption and bribery, in violation of the moral, is a violation of the law. Therefore, ordinary people can know what crime is and what is not criminal behavior only by virtue of common sense. They can not always explain the cause of crime blindly, and most of them are morally bankrupt. On the other hand, some legal norms are, in turn, a new kind of moral norm. Such as "no red light running", "forbidden building", "adjacent relations" is also a social morality. The law prohibits black market trade, prohibits unfair competition,and prohibits the sale of fake and shoddy goods. It is also a business ethic to comply with these regulations. Although the law and morality are closely linked, is common even in some aspects, but two of them belong to different superstructure, can not be completely equal to the moral law, of course, can not replace the moral law, if the conversion of all moral principles for legal principles, then the code became a moral code, which is not conducive to the progress of mankind, so the law and morality are essentially different. First, the history and the way of law and morality which is different from the historical process, the view, law is the product of a certain historical stage of human society, primitive society without law, each historical period and social morality exists in human society, any society or moral behavior standard, in addition, with national, racial, religious, the custom is different, and the law in a country or a region, is unified, they produce from the way the law is through the national legislative amendment and repeal, only grasp the state power of the class, this class will be transformed into a national compulsory, universal binding law. And morality is transformed by people's long-term habits and customs, and the laws are enforced by national coercive power,And morality relies more on public opinion and the people's inner faith and conscience to comply with [3]. Second, the scope of law and morality, the law is divided into crime and non crime, legal and moral standards of the law, is the main distinction of good and evil, these two lines can overlap each other in a certain range, can be independent of each other, there are many kinds of situations: (1) the negative moral law is also prohibited. Such as homicide, arson, poisoning, and a seriesof criminal acts. (2) some moral standards do not deny, and the laws prohibit them. Negligent crime. (3) the moral standards are affirmed, and the laws are forbidden, such as the Hamlet character in the feudal society or the evil law against the ruling class. (4) morality does not promote, but the law permits, such as: divorce, but if a person has long been persecuted by domestic violence and divorce, modern law and morality are supported. To sum up, the legal and moral adjustment and scope, have overlapping part, there are conflicting, single and moral laws, this part is the "minimum moral", abide by the law, is at least a moral obligation, but the law does not intervene or not moral intervention intervention. In terms of personal integrity, quality, or interpersonal relationships, in this sense, morality is more applicable than law. Laws that have nothing to do with morality, which can be adjusted by morality, can only be adjusted by law. As the rise of economic law, administrative law, environmental law, some just procedural provisions, and less moral relationship, or Never mind, not only by these laws that criminal law moral can be judged, therefore, from this perspective, the scope of law than moral guangzhou. Of course, in regulating the laws of man and nature, such as environmental protection law, it is not entirely irrelevant to morality. As a result of environmental pollution and destruction of ecological balance, people's attitude towards nature is regarded as a new moral problem. Such as deforestation, air pollution and other acts must be punished by law, also condemned by the moral opinion. In a word, both the law and morality develop with the development of human life, and the scope of adjustment is expanding day by day. Finally, the consequences are different, but the illegal moral cause two consequences, one is the legal punishment, not only in theprimitive society, moral customs, primitive society, people naturally will form some tribal taboos, they regarded as the crime of violation of taboos, violators often to all kinds of punishment, such as confession, expulsion. Two, the condemnation of conscience and the pressure of public opinion, each person's ability to bear the conscience is not the same, if individuals do not exist such a conscience, and even ignore public opinion, then the moral norm is invalid. For example, in the face of a drowning man, a person has the ability to save without the rescue, and if he thinks his actions are not wrong, then morality is lost to him. Sometimes an individual's conscience fails to recognize that his actions are immoral, and in another period, and at another time, it is immoral to realize that his actions are immoral. But the law is different, it is backed up by the force of the country, when the implementation of the illegal behavior, does not need to consider the illegal subject capacity, only according to the standards applicable law, make the evaluation, in violation of the law should bear the legal consequences, subject to legal sanctions. The difference between morality and law is not entirely in the presence of coercion or morality, but it can compel the people to fulfill their moral obligations with the help of social invisible pressure. The difference between law and morality shows that law is not omnipotent, and the coercive means to ensure the enforcement of law are not omnipotent. The limitations and weaknesses of its inherent law, required by the moral support and supplement, we should make full use of the legal and moral two mechanisms to be adjusted to form and maintain an orderly and efficient justice of freedom and fraternity social life style [4]. People often think that the consistency of law and morality, individual in violation of thelaw is in violation of the moral, but the relationship between law and morality is not so simple, although they have many similarities, but after all, two different nature, affected by factors such as history, value conflict is the two most intense. From the China history, conflict of law and morality is particularly intense, and the solution of this conflict is often the legal and moral subject, recorded such a case in "Houhanshu", served as Prime Minister of Qi Yuan bridge, a dutiful son for father revenge and kill people, and prison prisoner in bridge yuan for that matter, touched by their filial piety, to be released, but not for the matter, the magistrate in charge of the case, according to the law of the murder of his Chicago road killed. Under the bridge in the county magistrate kill element, the reason is the official county magistrate cool storm, the case is really intriguing, in accordance with the law of the magistrate become criminals sentenced to death, and the murderer has become to forgive the dutiful son, received sympathy. On the scales of morality and law,The people obviously add emotional weight to the moral side. There is also a case, in the period of the Republic of China, Shi Jianqiao's father in a straight from the war, Sun Chuanfang was unfortunately captured by Sun Chuanfang, brutally murdered him. When he was twenty years old, the frail woman Shi Jianqiao determined to revenge, careful planning, and finally on 1935 in Tianjin Sun Chuanfang will be killed, and then calmly surrender. At that time the public sympathy for her actions, some celebrities such as Feng Yuxiang, Li Liejun, Yu have signed a letter asking the court to pardon her crime. It seems that the tradition of morality above law has been ingrained in china.Today, the "loyalty" case also reflects the moral conflict. In ancient times, this conflict does not exist today, the law does not allow the public, even so, the public is often judge sentencing discretionary lighter plot. In the west, however, sometimes the opposite is true. The people pursue the legitimacy of law more than morality and go to extremes. Such as the famous Simpson case, evidence and motive all can prove that Simpson did, because the police forensics illegal, illegal and criminal procedure law, gloves and Simpson found on the spot. The hand model is not the same, the court found guilty of "legal" although Xin, but for the society not moral. The conflict between law and morality is inevitable, and it is affected by many aspects. At the same time, the development of society, morality, Yi Suizhi, but the law is relatively backward, prone to conflict. Furthermore, his legal transplantation of a country, which is now in conflict with the original method, but after all I think of social morality, the legal and moral conflict, because the two are completely different social forms, they are consistent, but their value is not one-to-one, if is one-to-one correspondence so, there will be no difference between law and morality, as mentioned before, the code will become a moral code, no social force constraints into chaos. The conflict of value between law and morality is inevitable. Although this conflict can not be completely eliminated, it should be minimized. First of all, the construction of morality should be carried out simultaneously with the construction of the law. In the legislative reform, moral factors should be taken into consideration, so that the law will not deviate from the moral mainstream. Secondly, in the process of transplanting the law, attention should be paid to the national conditions of this country. Third, we should strengthen legal publicityso that people's thinking will rise from the moral level to the legal level. Therefore, how is the legal moralization, the moral legalization is most important. The morality embodied by law is accepted by the broad masses of the people, and morality has the nature of law and is complied with by the people. It is the most perfect interpretation of the relationship between law and morality.。
Americancharacterandhabits美国人性格与习惯
American character and habits[Abstract]Cultural differences, the first in customs. Culture shock is due to customs difference. Therefore, the United States to study cultural adaptation, the first to understand and adapt to American customs. Romans, can adapt to American culture, but also on various occasions that allow them to avoid making inappropriate moves, let you feel down or embarrassed. Arriving in the United States, nervous excitement is inevitable, and will be very excited; you hope to be able to quickly melt into American society. Asking someone else more for you to solve cultural barriers and see more and hear more can open imports to independent proactive attitude to overcome initial challenges. Make foreign friends, broaden their horizons, and improve English proficiency. The more opportunities to solve problems independently, English is also more rapid progress. Rights and obligations of the United States is a clear, customer-oriented society, and you try to express your displeasure, and correct their mistakes.[Key Words]American character; Habits; Get along with AmericanEvery nation has its own unique personality; people often talk about British modesty, French romance, Japanese Woman's supple, etc. Similarly, the American character has its distinctive features.Americans are generally cheerful, sociable, informal etiquette. The first meeting is not necessarily shake hands, sometimes just smile, and say "Hi" or "Hello" is even polite. Americans generally shake hands with women gently. In farewell, they just waved to you or said "goodbye", "See you tomorrow." But if others bow to them, they also use the appropriate etiquette, such as shaking hands, nodding, hugging, and salute and so on. When you first make an American friend, he will tell be talking with you even forever. More glances to strangers with no intention when you walk in the street, he might smiling nod to you, or call out "hello"; if your car broke down on the road, the enthusiastic people help you repair; if you got lost in the streets, and people were eager to help you.Americans do things fast-paced make visitors feel puzzled, and the first impression is probably all of them are Americans rush. It becomes very impatient even if they are blocking a moment, At first, you might think this is unfriendly to you. The bus drivers urge you; shop assistant hurried to treat you; Y ou buy something or go out to eat, no one told you joking greeting. Do not think that Americans are in such a hurry to you expressed unfriendly. Typically, outside the large cities have slower paceof life; in fact, other countries also have same phenomenon.They find out you were a stranger, most will be friendly and try to help you. If you need help or would like to ask what the problem is, you may find kind man, and say to him: "I was out of town, can you help me?"At this point, most people would stop and give you a smile pointing way or reply to your question. But you have to let them know you need help, otherwise they will probably come from your side. Occasionally you will encounter a hurry to act them too busy or can not help you. In such circumstances, you do not be discouraged, just get somebody else. Most Americans are willing to help foreign visitors.Americans do not like to be subordinated to others when dealing with each other and do not like people too polite to compliment yourself. Americans are worried about the entry of others deemed unapproachable been isolated which mean loneliness campaign failed to politicians.Therefore, Americans make friends and hope to give people a good impression, but can often lack the kind of heart-familiar.The second feature of the American character is independent and enterprising. They do not like to depend on others, do not like people dependent on them; develop independently from the urine of Americans struggle; do not rely on their parents. On the street, every morning you can see eleven-year-old boy delivering newspapers door to door regardless of wind and thunder rain.They will come up the social life of great benefits. the results obtained by their own scholarships or work part time earn tuition. They have to leave their parents live on their own when they are in adulthood;Once you get married, they even move about independently, rely on their own ability in the United States. Y oung couples have children and tend completely on their own instead of expecting grandmother or grandmother to take care of grandchildren. However, these independent spirits in the United States tend to become old tragedy.A third characteristic of the American character is pragmatic.They did not like the French like rambling fantasy, like the British did not speak panache to face.They admired the kind of savvy stronger than man. They can solve many things on their own. Most Americans know how to use the machine, repair of electrical equipment, furniture, paint and stucco walls. They believe that doing these menial jobs in life is granted. On the contrary, those nerds, fake gentleman, talkative short lines will be made fun of.American way of thinking has a big difference from which we had. English is this expression: 1) Like to be different; 2) Agree to disagree; 3) Everything is above board."Disabled priority, ladies first, the elderly priority, children first" is the American habit. Because they are vulnerable, people deserve health care. Americans do things all in regulations. Therefore, the queue becomes their established habits. Y ou have to wait until he or she calls you when it's your turn, and you can cross the yellow line toreceive services. Otherwise you will be criticized.Americans dressed very casually. They usually wear very little when the weather is hot, and a windbreaker or denim fabric is wrapped when it is cold. Only in formal occasion wear suits, skirts and other more formal clothes.Therefore, important events should pay attention to the dress code on the invitation. If you are unsure clothing requirements, they may first ask the other participants.Americans love to develop a healthy habit. Americans would say when you are walking on the streets in the United States for a week, and your shoes do not rub. Y ou go to school, and feel thirsty, you can drink tap water. After eating, the customer will consciously take home in doggy bags. And try not to make noise when eat dinner. No littering, spitting chaos.Americans use body potential language than we do. Shrug and face with unhappy expression expresses surprise and shrugging and smiling means sure. Thumb and forefinger form the number "6", which means "consent." Americans speak, move the body all the time, but without losing the sense of humor, you have to pay attention. Speech, the body can not give back, not too far away from the speaker should face each other. Thumb and index finger rubbing beep expresses encouragement, support, or having a new idea. Hands crossed together or on the waist pledge to fight pose. A palm facing up to greet people coming back and forth movement represents.With American friends shaking hands should be hard not too small, otherwise there is impolite suspected. The Americans are language-rich, sometimes hand catch to your shoulders, which means that affirmation and encouragement. Chinese people are more conservative character and difficult to greet strangers, but a greeting after he thought had friendship with each other. As everyone knows, the greetings and friendship between Americans is nothing. Americans understand this custom, on the one hand to learn their culture greetings, good morning, good afternoon, good night, thank you, I'm sorry all day. We must also recognize that the United States is owned greetings and friendship.Generally speaking, Americans do not receive gifts. Some receiving gifts often seem somewhat embarrassed. But birthdays, weddings or patient visits, gifts or inevitable.In addition, the Americans believe that the singular is auspicious. Sometimes only get three pears not feel happy, it is unlike the Chinese people pay attention to pairs. Americans received a gift, be sure to immediately open----at the front of the giver's face -----appreciate gift or sample and immediately thanks to the giver.In the United States, if you want to visit, you must first make a call the appointment. If the owner please resumes your seat, you not sit down immediately in order to express polite, but will make the owner feel uneasy, thinking chair unclean or other inconveniences. When a guest is not free to watch the master table of the wordof paper or read files. Do not fondle indoor antique curios, not to ask the price of indoor appliances.Do not smoke. If you want to smoke, you should first ask here whether they mind if the owner initiative to invite you to smoke, even if they have a smoke, has to accept the owner's smoke, rather than reject each other and suck their own. Otherwise, the owner will think that you are looking down on him and feel very happy.Do not leave immediately after a meal and the owner should have a chat for a while, and then leave. If it is someone's home to go to a couple of guests, leave to stand by his wife first. In more formal banquet, if more guests, you should wait a bit high elderly guests or important ladies first left after he will leave. If guests need something to go ahead, the owner should ask forgiveness before leaving. If you are not familiar with the owner, then a stranger after a call to the owner should be thanked, or write a "thank you" sent to the owner of the short Cambodia, so that the more comprehensive the courtesy.More open exchanges between American men and women. Dating men and women sometimes do not have other meanings, does not mean that will become a special partner. Therefore, if you want to meet someone to talk or watch movies, eat, in order to enhance mutual friendship and spend a pleasant time, as proposed initiative generous, both men and women can take the initiative to offer. Of course, there are some rules of dating American men and women, especially in the beginning stages. If you want to invite an American girl eating alone, please be sure to point the different meanings lunch and dinner.In general, the more casual lunch, easily accepted; dinner more seriously, after a meal may be further developed. So the first invitation, it is best to eat lunch as easily. Chinese female students as male students invited by the United States, also pay attention to different lunch and dinner. If you do not want to go to each other's appointments or make you uncomfortable with the move, you can kind but surely declined. In the United States, mutual respect is the basic principles of engagement, but also rights.The United States obey law, human rights in the country. Their values are equal and free. Therefore, marriage depends on the foundation that equality, mutual respect and preservation of privacy. Americans can have their marriage before several heterosexual friends, but after they get married to each other do not want to get involved in each of the opposite sex friends, once found, the divorce was inevitable. According to the U.S. habit, all important social events, banquets or parties held between friends, the couple attended together. I have found that American couples have a double into the right, very loving. However, the American divorce rate is high, which about 60% of the world's highest divorce rate in the country. It was the Americans marriage summarized twenty words: romantic teenager, passionate youth, middle-aged faithful, tragically old age.Of course, the white-collar marriage isrelatively stable.About money, Americans and the Chinese people have different attitude. Americans are generous to themselves, but to others, Americans are surprisingly careful, and don’t want to spend even a penny. On the contrary, the Chinese people liking to save are famous, and often conscious of their spending, but perhaps due to face relationship, a friend has been more generous. Together with the Americans to eat outside, pay each general account, even though they are women is also true.Even if the Americans propose to dinner, but also do not think that he or she is going to treat, and it is often still their pay. The Chinese people "who suggested who pays" habits are very different.In the U.S., it is best not to borrow money,even if you have to, because it is often denied. Of course, a little money can still be borrowed. However, Americans do have the habit of donations; many Americans donated large sums of money each year. This is very different from the Chinese people.Americans are also very pragmatic in terms of money. So they respect labor and remuneration calculation clearly. Friends went out to dinner, which is usually the payment of money;Tipping although the behavior of free evaluation of evidence, but there is the customary one, it is best to ask customs before entry. Generally speaking, tipping is about ten to fifteen percent or so in restaurant.But do not need to eat in the cafeteria to tip, if someone poured tea and inquired diligently demand, then according to the number of discretionary tip. Evening dining tip needed more than during the day. Tipping is an assessment of service quality; some waiters to will show particularly enthusiastic for tips. Remember never to penny tip, when the penny thrown on the table, even though you pay a lot of tips, is likely to be dissatisfied with the waiter misunderstood as their service is a humiliating manner.Unless the service is really bad, never be placed in the tip of any penny. Of course, if you pay by credit card, and the amount will be rounded tips and dining, it is not in this case.Americans see work as part of life. Despite they are wealthy; they have to have their own job. Their work is very professional, work efficiency is high. They think that wasting time is not idle. Working time and leisure time are entirely different. Americans like to talk about "the dignity of work".America's leading CEOs such a class may participate in any physical labor. They will be respected by others rather than look down.Americans work and rest time is very distinct. Business should be completed within the time at work.Americans prefer face to face or on the table in the negotiations finalized.Friday night is the night of friends get together, they can enjoy singing, dancing, drinking, playing games and other recreational activities. On Saturday, they took a family member or three or five friends drove to the outside world to play.Most shops open Monday through Saturday, half past nine or ten o'clock to 5:00pm, or about six. Some of the shops in the mall is open until nine p.m. Sunday will be open from noon until six later.Banking hours are relatively short, mostly Monday to Friday nine o'clock to 3:30 pm, some banks will extend the hours until Friday 6:00 pm Saturday morning. Regardless of companies and business firms, shopping centers, schools, generally there is no lunch break. The students have the habit of taking a nap are more difficult to adapt. Everyday life in the United States, Email has become the most practical, the most common means of communication. Communication between teachers and students in school, class, and usually use it to change jobs. Schools are used Email meeting notice.Major holidays: New Y ear's, Martin Luther King Jr. Day, Presidents' Day (Commemorating U.S. President George Washington and Abraham Lincoln's birthday), National Day (Independence Day), Labor Day, Columbus Day, V eterans Day, Election Day, Thanksgiving Day, Christmas Day.Generally they are willing to entertain guests in their own homes, rather than customary dinner in a restaurant.Do not like steamed and braised dishes. Do not like too hot dishes like salt taste, avoid salty taste, slightly to the sweet side as well. Like to drink Coca-Cola, beer, ice, mineral water, whiskey, brandy and so on. Do not like the people in their own meal dish leftover food, which is considered impolite. Like China's Jiangsu, Sichuan, Cantonese cuisine.Do not put blacks in the United States called "Negro", preferably use "Black". Blacks on this call will readily accept. Negro mainly refers to trafficking to the United States from Africa as slaves’blacks. Otherwise, blacks will feel indemnity for his contempt.Understanding the Americans customs need daily accumulation. American universities or student research group often hold communicative activities or picnics, graduate had been invited. But the Chinese students often do not participate actively. In fact, this is not only an understanding of professors and students opportunity, but also a good occasion to understand American customs.If it is possible, and try to attend these activities. If you live in the United States home, there are more opportunities to exchanges with the Americans, and have a deeper understanding of the American way of life, customs, habits and values.In order to save the money, Chinese students often shared with others, many of whom are American roommate. This is also a good way to understand American culture.People often say: "do as the Romans."In fact, it is quite difficult to do. Some people suggested that Chinese students lose their cultural baggage, and adapt to the American culture, social and educational environment. Indeed, the vast majority of Chinese students to the United States, more or less have to do some cultural adjustments to adapt to the United States learning and living environment. But adapting to American culture completely, and give Chinese culture up, and may alsohave to be carefully considered. In fact, more than twenty years of the Chinese student in the United States, it is difficult to give up Chinese culture. The correct attitude is a positive awareness and understanding of Americans and American society, and do not need to give up your culture. Y ou're still a Chinese person, but an understanding of the United States, to know how to live in the United States.[Reference Materials]1、国人的性格(2012-01-04 10:23:22) 美国人尼亚加拉大瀑布夏威夷岛性格杂谈2、美国习俗礼仪：生活礼仪 2008年09月18日新浪教育美国人的生活礼仪3、美国人的生活习惯/syy/yywh/201107/22676.html。
跨文化交际英美习俗不同(英文)
A Contrastive Study on English-Chinese Social Customs Abstract：The thesis employs the method of the hidden core of culture and social interaction customs to analyze in the different customs of different countries. It is also point out the problems of different customs and recounted some ensamples can easily understand, social customs are an important key to understanding a country’s culture. Knowledge and practice of these customs can spell the difference between a beautiful experience and being branded a rude guest. Difference in social customs can cause misunderstanding, unsatisfactory interaction and even unpleasant physical reaction. It is a common thing for a foreigner to get confused by the local social custom. To learn a foreign language is not enough to men to really understand a country’s conventions and customs. And solve the unbelievable embarrass from difference in social customs. We had a better understanding of this proverb and obeyed it strictly; we will adapt ourselves to the environment in which we are.Key words: Values; Custom; CommunicationNowadays, the whole world is in the process of globalization, the ability of successful communication is quite needed. However, what’s the skill of communication. To be polite is an important part of co mmunication’ especially when we talk to others. It’s natural to most people during communicating with others in the same culture to use their own language. But when speaking another language, especially in a different culture which you know not that much, it’s important for one to be aware of the different meanings of the same sentence, and this was mostly decided by customs.As we all know, social customs are very important part of culture .No communication is done without involving some custom rules. Customs vary of course from culture to culture. The incidents referred above shows how difference lies in cultural conversions. And it can lead to difficulties in the communication between people with different cultural backgrounds. Such difference can cause misunderstanding, unsatisfactory interaction and even a fight. And this is why sometimes words that mean to show politeness can make people feel very embarrassed, courteous behaviors can also be misunderstood as absurd and vulgar. Therefore, studying intercultural communication manners and know the differences between others is essential.The intercultural communication is not only important in people’s communication, but also essential in other area. For example, when we negotiate with client in business, i t’s important to find out the foreign client’s likes and expectations and it’s also important to avoid being offence to their visitor through ignorance or Assumptions. So learn to be polite in intercultural communication is very important.One might also say they are rules that define the behavior that is expected, required, oracceptable in particular circumstances. They are learned by interacting in society. Even though what members of a particular culture value and how they perceive the universe explain a lot why people behave the way they do, we shouldn’t try to connect every human behavior with a certain value.Thinking is greatly influenced by culture and other elements. China and The United States show us great differences in terms of thinking pattern, which results in their different ways of dealing with problems. The thinking patterns of the different peoples in different nations are quite different as well. While different thinking patterns are bound to cause differences in the way that people view things and cope with things. For example, Chinese thinking pattern is figurative, intuitive and synthetic while the American one is individual, abstract and unique. Chinese dialectical thinking was well interpreted by the “Golden Mean”, which tends to se ek compromise and balance. However, the American thinking reflects their innovation, tending to explore the nature of things.Due to the differences of political system, cultural background and the way of being educated, there is great difference between China and the US in custom. This difference is shaped during a long-term history, some of which is deep-rooted, though it didn’t follow the rule of law, it restricts people’ speech and action in certain areas.A social custom is an act whose utility to the agent performing it in some way depends on the beliefs or actions of other members of the community. Social customs are very important part of culture. No communication is done without involving some custom rules, explicit or implicit. Social customs also are closely related to the deep structure of a culture that determines how a person responds to events and other people.Great changes have brought about the “shrinkage” of the earth in effect which, as the Canadian writer Marshall McLuhan rightly prop osed in the 1960s, has become a “Global Village”. This miracle is mainly attributed to the amazing development of science and technology in transportation and communication systems. However, People live in different world sometimes can hardly communicate with each other because of different social customs. So learn some principle of different social customs is a necessary for us. Before really get to it, we need to know the importance of understanding foreign customs.Difference in greetingAn American friend has invited you to visit his family. You've never been to an American's home before, and you're not sure what to do. Should you take a gift? How should you dress? What time should you arrive? What should you do when you get there? Glad you asked. When you're the guest, you should just make yourself at home. That's what hospitality is all about: making people feel at home when they're not.The question of whether or not to bring a gift often makes guests squirm. Giving your host agift is not just a social nicety in some cultures-it's expected. But in American culture, a guest is not obligated to bring a present. Of course, some people do bring a small token of appreciation to their host. Appropriate gifts for general occasions might be flowers, candy or-if the family has small children-toys. If you choose not to bring a gift, don't worry. No one will even notice.American hospitality begins at home-especially when it involves food. Most Americans agree that good home cooking beats restaurant food any day. When invited for a meal, you might ask, "Can I bring anything?" Unless it's a potluck, where everyone brings a dish, the host will probably respond, "No, just yourself." For most informal dinners, you should wear comfortable, casual clothes. Plan to arrive on time, or else call to inform your hosts of the delay. During the dinner conversation, it's customary to compliment the hostess on the wonderful meal. Of course, the biggest compliment is to eat lots of food!When you've had plenty, you might offer to clear the table or wash the dishes. But since you're the guest, your hosts may not let you. Instead, they may invite everyone to move to the living room for dessert with tea or coffee. After an hour or so of general chit-chat, it's probably time to head for the door. You don't want to wear out your welcome. And above all, don't go snooping around the house. It's more polite to wait for the host to offer you a guided tour. But except for housewarmings, guests often don't get past the living room.Americans usually like to have advance notice when people come to see them. Only very close friends drop by unannounced. This is especially true if the guests want to stay for a few days. Here's a good rule of thumb for house guests: Short stays are best. As one 19th century French writer put it, "The first day a man is a guest, the second a burden, the third a pest." Even relatives don't usually stay for several weeks at a time. While you're staying with an American family, try to keep your living area neat and tidy. Your host family will appreciate your consideration. And they may even invite you back!Most Americans consider themselves hospitable people. Folks in the southern United States, in particular, take pride in entertaining guests. In fact, "southern hospitality" has become legendary. But in all parts of America, people welcome their guests with open arms. So don't be surprised to find the welcome mat out for you. Just don't forget to wipe your feet.The difference in New YearChinese New Year Celebration is the most important celebration of the year. Chinese people may celebrate the Chinese New Year in slightly different ways but their wishes are almost the same; they want their family members and friends to be healthy and lucky during next year. Chinese New Year Celebration usually lasts for 15 days. Celebratory activities include Chinese New Feast, firecrackers, giving lucky money to children, the New Year bell ringing and Chinese New Year Greetings. Most of Chinese people will stop the celebrating in their home on the 7th day of New Year because the national holiday usually ends around that day, howevercelebrations in public areas can last until the 15th day of New Year.House CleaningTo clean houses on the New Year Eve is a very old custom dating back to thousands of years ago. The dust is traditionally associated with “old” so cleaning their houses and sweeping the dust mean to bid farewell to the “old” and usher in the “new”. Days before the New Year, Chinese families clean their houses, sweeping the floor, washing daily things, cleaning the spider webs and dredging the ditches. People do all these things happily in the hope of a good coming year.House decorationOne of the house decorations is to post couplets on doors. On the Spring Festival couplets, good wishes are expressed. New Year couplets are usually posted in pairs as even numbers are associated with good luck and auspiciousness in Chinese culture.People in north China are used to posting paper-cut on their windows. When sticking the window decoration paper-cuts, people paste on the door large red Chinese character “fu”A red "fu"means good luck and fortune, so it is customary to post "fu"on doors or walls on auspicious occasions such as wedding, festivals.Waiting for the First Bell Ringing of Chinese New YearThe first bell ringing is the symbol of Chinese New Year. Chinese people like to go to a large squares where there are huge bells are set up on New Year’s Eve. As the New Year approaches they count down and celebrate together. The people believe that the ringing of huge bell can drive all the bad luck away and bring the fortune to them. In recent years, some people have begun going to mountain temples to wait for the first ringing. Hanshan Temple in Suzhou, is very famous temple for its first ringing of the bell to herald Chinese New Year. Many foreigners now go to Hanshan Temple to celebrate Chinese New Year.Staying up late ("Shousui")Shousui means to stay up late or all night on New Year's Eve. After the great dinner, families sit togeth er and chat happily to wait for the New Year’s arrival.New Year FeastSpring Festival is a time for family reunion. The New Year's Feast is "a must" banquet with all the family members getting together. The food eaten on the New Year Eve banquet varies according to regions. In south China, It is customary to eat "niangao" (New Year cake made of glutinous rice flour) because as a homophone, niangao means "higher and higher every year". In the north, a traditional dish for the feast is "Jiaozi" or dumplings shaped like a crescent moon.Setting FirecrackersLighting Firecrackers used to be one of the most important customs in the Spring Festival celebration. However, concerning the danger and the negative noises that lighting firecrackersmay bring, the government has banned this practice in many major cities. But people in small towns and rural areas still hold to this traditional celebration. Right as the clock strikes 12 o'clock midnight of New Year's Eve, cities and towns are lit up with the glitter from fireworks, and the sound can be deafening. Families stay up for this joyful moment and kids with firecrackers in one hand and a lighter in another cheerfully light their happiness in this especial occasion, even though they plug their ears.New Year Greetings(Bai Nian)On the first day of the New Year or shortly thereafter, everybody wears new clothes and greets relatives and friends with bows and Gongxi (congratulations), wishing each other good luck, happiness during the new year. In Chinese villages, some villagers may have hundreds of relatives so they have to spend more than two weeks visiting their relatives.On the first day of the new year, it’s customary for the younger generations to visit the elders, wishing them healthy and longevity.Because visiting relatives and friends takes a lot of time, now, some busy people will send New Year cards to express their good wishes rather than pay a visit personally.Lucky MoneyIt is the money given to kids from their parents and grandparents as New Year gift. The money is believed to bring good luck, ward off monsters; hence the name "lucky money". Parents and grandparents first put money in small, especially-made red envelopes and give the red envelopes to their kids after the New Year's Feast or when they come to visit them on the New Year. They choose to put the money in red envelopes because Chinese people think red is a lucky color. They want to give their children both lucky money and lucky color.Christmas is one of the most beautiful holidays of all time. It is the day when God's son was born on earth. Hence, this day is sacred for all Christians around the world. The Christmas season gives rise to a number of Christmas traditions that come along. Here are a few of them that are celebrated with zest and enthusiasm worldwide for centuries.Preparation of the Christmas cakeThis was an English tradition which started centuries ago. On Christmas eve, plum porridge was served to the people. As years passed, various other things like dry fruits, honey and spices were used. Soon this porridge got replaced with the Christmas cake. Christmas cakes are made using eggs, butter, confections, fruits, etc. Today a Christmas cake is an integral part of a Christmas menu.Sending gifts to loved onesThis tradition comes from the story of the three wise men who got gifts for baby Jesus on Christmas. Every Christmas, gifts are exchanged among loved ones, especially children. The story of Santa Claus also comes from this tradition.Decorating the Christmas treeThis refers to the tradition of decorating a pine tree using lights, tinsels, garlands, ornaments, candy canes, etc. Today, a Christmas tree is an indispensable part of Christmas celebration.Lighting up the Christmas candleThis refers to the tradition of placing a lighted candle outside houses during the Christmas season. A candle signifies hope as it brings light even to the darkest room. In the earlier times, when Christians were persecuted, they were not allowed to practice prayers. Hence, a single candle used to be placed outside the house as a sign that Christian prayers were being conducted inside.Singing Christmas carolsIt refers to the age-old custom of enchanting a number of traditional Christmas songs during the Christmas season. It adds to the joy and fun to the atmosphere. Different Christmas hymns or carols like The First Noel, Jingle Bells, Joy to the world, etc are sung every Christmas as a part of the Christmas celebration.Making of CribsThis is yet another age-old tradition of Christmas. A crib refers to the Nativity Scene that is prepared using small statues. The first crib ever was made outside a church of St. Francis of Assisi for children to show them how the Nativity scene was like. Since then, this tradition became very popular.Distributing Christmas candiesThis is one of the most wonderful traditions of all. Christmas candies are distributed to neighbors during the Yuletide season. On the day of Christmas, all misunderstandings and grudges are forgotten and the community comes together to celebrate the birth of Christ.These traditions have been carried out for decades, yet they are celebrated with more and more exuberance each year. The level of excitement has never gone down. It just keeps getting better and better with time.AnalysisSocial customs are very important part of culture, and communication with others as well, especially with people from distinct cultural background.Social customs are an important key to understanding a country’s culture. Knowledge and practice of these customs can spell the difference between a beautiful experience and being branded a rude guest. Difference in social customs can cause misunderstanding, unsatisfactory interaction and even unpleasant physical reaction. It is a common thing for a foreigner to get confused by the local social custom. To learn a foreign language is not enough to men to really understand a country’s conventions and customs.Both Chinese custom and American customs are essential for their peoples, and for thosewho want to have a better understanding of their cultures as well.There are to many differences between different countries. Sometimes it may cause unbelievable embarrass .However no one should be blamed, just because of the varied culture custom. As a saying from The Three char acter Classic goes “Human beings draw close to one another by their common nature, but habits and custom keep them apart.” The first part of the quotation means that humans are social animals and no one in normal circumstances can live without any contact with others .The second part tells us that there are differences in individuals and groups as well. These diverse habits and customs may cause problems in people’s communication, especially when this communication takes place between people with distinct cultural backgrounds. Therefore, to improve our intercultural communication competence, we need to understand differences regarding social customs. Social customs are closely related to the deep structure of a culture and that determines how a person deal with problem and get along with other people. So when communicating, we should others’ background, custom and their value. We shouldn’t try to connect every human behavior with certain value.Bibliography[1]Zuo biao. 2001. Lines and Circles, West and East culture education press.[2]Xu Lisheng.2004. Intercultural Communication in English. Shanghai: Shanghai Foreign Language Education Press.[3]汪德华.英汉文化差异及思维方式[J].西安外国语学院学报，2002.。
中西方风俗习惯差异(英文版)共35页文档
Refers to traditional fashion, etiquette habits of individuals or collectives .Is a specific social and cultural areas people abide by patterns of behavior or specifications at all times. Mainly includes the national customs, traditional festival custom, etiquette and so on. Custom formed by history. It Strongly restricts the behavior of social members .Customs is the basis of social morality and law
Then, Bunni Creole town residents and tens of thousands of volunteers all able to take advantage of the water tap is opened entirely, to invest in another battle - sweep the streets. About an hour later, the square and the streets were swept clean again, Bunni Creole town resumed usual quiet.
This time of year, tourists from around the world gathered in Bunol town，Here, tomatoes does not only bring the joy of harvest, as well as carnival fun.
中西方问候的方式差异英语作文
中西方问候的方式差异英语作文英文回答：Greeting customs vary significantly between Western and Eastern cultures, reflecting different social norms, values, and beliefs. In Western societies, greetings tend to bemore informal and casual, while in Eastern cultures, they are more formal and elaborate.In Western countries like the United States and the United Kingdom, the most common greeting is a handshake. A handshake is a firm, brief grasp of the other person's hand, usually accompanied by eye contact and a smile. Handshakes are typically used between people of the same or opposite sex, and they convey a sense of equality and respect.In some Western cultures, such as France and Italy, itis also common to greet people with a kiss on the cheek. This type of greeting is typically reserved for closefriends or family members, and it conveys a sense ofaffection and intimacy.In Eastern cultures, such as China and Japan, greetings are more formal and elaborate. The most common greeting in China is the bow. A bow is a slight bending of the head and body, usually accompanied by eye contact and a smile. Bows vary in depth depending on the level of respect that is being conveyed. A deeper bow is a sign of greater respect.In Japan, the most common greeting is the handshake. However, Japanese handshakes are typically much lighter and less firm than Western handshakes. Japanese handshakes also tend to be held for a longer period of time.In addition to the physical gestures involved in greeting, there are also verbal greetings that vary between Western and Eastern cultures. In Western cultures, the most common verbal greeting is "Hello." Hello can be used in a variety of situations, from formal to informal. Other common verbal greetings in Western cultures include "Hi," "Good morning," "Good afternoon," and "Good evening."In Eastern cultures, verbal greetings are typicallymore formal and respectful. The most common verbal greeting in China is "你好" (nǐ hǎo), which means "Hello." Nǐhǎo is typically used in formal situations. Other common verbal greetings in China include "早上好" (zǎoshànghǎo), which means "Good morning," and "下午好" (xiàwǔhǎo), which means "Good afternoon."In Japan, the most common verbal greeting is "おはようございます" (ohayo gozaimasu), which means "Good morning." Ohayo gozaimasu is typically used in formal situations. Other common verbal greetings in Japan include "こんにちは" (konnichiwa), which means "Hello," and "こんばんは" (konbanwa), which means "Good evening."The different greeting customs between Western and Eastern cultures reflect the different social norms, values, and beliefs of these cultures. Western greetings tend to be more informal and casual, while Eastern greetings tend tobe more formal and elaborate. These differences in greeting customs can be a source of confusion and misunderstanding when people from different cultures interact with eachother. However, by understanding the different greeting customs of different cultures, we can avoid misunderstandings and build stronger relationships.中文回答：东西方问候方式的差异体现了不同文化中的社会规范、价值观和信仰。
SocialCustomsandBehavior英语作文
SocialCustomsandBehavior英语作文•相关推荐
Social Customs and Behavior英语作文
Social customs and ways of behaving change. Things which were considered impolite many years ago are now acceptable. To see a woman smoking in public today is not surprising, nor is it always "ladies first" through doors, or on a crowded bus or train need the man give his seat to a woman. Customs also differ from country to country. The important thing to remember about social customs is not to do anything that might make other people feel uncomfortable, especially if they are your guests.
【参考译文】
社会习俗与行为方式变迁。
许多年前被认为不礼貌的'东西现在可以接受了。
今天看到一个女人在公共场所吸烟并不奇怪，也不是总是“女士优先”通过门，或在拥挤的公共汽车或火车上需要男人让座给一个女人。
各国的风俗也各不相同。
重要的是要记住的社会习俗是不要做任何可能使别人感到不舒服，特别是如果他们是你的客人。
高中英语人教版选择性必修第二册：UNIT 2 BRIDGING CULTURES-Section Ⅳ
Section ⅣWriting——出国留学的优缺点文体感知介绍出国留学的优缺点的文章属于议论文的范畴，在行文时一般分为三个段落：首段——提出需要讨论的话题；中段——正反观点，举例印证；尾段——发表个人观点。
增分佳句一、夺人眼球开头句1．Recent years, more and more Chinese people have chosen to study abroad.近年来，越来越多的中国人选择出国留学。
2．Different people have different opinions about going abroad to study.关于出国留学，不同的人有不同的观点。
二、亮点出彩篇中句1．Studying abroad is often considered as a great opportunity which will lead to bright future.出国留学往往被认为是一个好机会，它将带来美好的未来。
2．There is no better opportunity to improve a second language than studying abroad.留学是提高第二语言水平的最好机会。
3．Studying abroad, you will make memories that last a lifetime.在国外学习，你会留下终生难忘的回忆。
4．Living in a new environment can experience the new local conditions and customs, and broaden personal horizons.在一个新的环境里生活，可以体验全新的风土人情，拓宽自己的视野。
5．We will experience culture shock if we study abroad.如果我们在国外学习，我们将经历文化冲击。
中西方礼仪差异
The Difference of Etiquette between China and America Etiquette is the foundation of the social culture. Our China is a great state of ceremonies and famous for its 5000 long history. The whole world paid full attention to this capital of Eastern country, a country with much ceremony and splendid civilization. While nowadays the leading ceremony of the world is Western Etiquette. This phenomenon is not only because of the powerful economy, but also the unified value system of the Westerners. Although there are many commons, they are greatly different from each other.区别中国和美国之间的礼仪,礼仪的基础是社会文化。
我们中国是一个礼仪之邦，著名的5000个历史悠久。
全世界充分重视这一资本的东方国家，国家的许多仪式和灿烂文明。
而如今，世界领先的仪式是中西礼仪。
这种现象不仅是因为强大的经济，更统一的价值系统的西方人。
虽然有许多平民，他们是很大的区别。
Firstly, they have difference in interpersonal communication. Both these two culture are all focus on interpersonal communication. However, they are different in communicating ways. For example, it is a general idea to address somebody which can include many different meanings. The word of uncle can refers to many people in western, but only means the bother of somebody's father in Chinese. There is no clearly distinction between the relationships of these kinds of word. What's more, we address somebody Mr. only means he is a teacher or he is an admirable person in the old times, while it means he is a male in western. Thirdly, westerners seldom use the formal job title to address somebody. Oppositely, it means respectable to the person which you addressed. And it is the symbol of one person's status and social class. Last but not least, shake-hands etiquette is very different in America and China. Shake hands is not necessary when you meet someone in America. However, shake-hands etiquette include many manners, such as when people want to shake hands between female and male, female would stretch out her hand first. And both of them should take off their gloves and look at each others' eyes. On the contrast, shake-hands is the basic manners in China, but it isn't requires too much rules.首先，他们有不同的人际沟通。
人文英语4 形考任务 unit5单元自测 三套随机题 答案全
一、选择填空，从A、B、C三个选项中选出一个能填入空白处的最佳选项。
（每题10分）题目1正确获得10.00分中的10.00分未标记标记题目题干— What's the best way to get to the Empire Hotel from here?— _________________.选择一项：A. It's a twenty-minute walkB. It's five blocks awayC. Walking through the wood 正确反馈正确答案是：Walking through the wood题目2不正确获得10.00分中的0.00分未标记标记题目题干— How was the journey to London?— _________________.选择一项：A. I flew there 不正确B. It went very wellC. It was a nine-hour反馈正确答案是：It went very well题目3正确获得10.00分中的10.00分未标记标记题目题干_______ her and then try to copy what she does.选择一项：A. SeeB. Watch 正确C. Mind反馈译文：留心观察，然后照她的样子做。
正确答案是：Watch题目4不正确获得10.00分中的0.00分未标记标记题目题干The young ______ interested in pop music.选择一项：A. have 不正确B. areC. is反馈译文：年轻人对流行音乐感兴趣。
正确答案是：are题目5正确获得10.00分中的10.00分未标记标记题目题干_______ tomorrow's lessons, Frank has no time to go out with his friends.选择一项：A. Not having prepared 正确B. Not to prepareC. Not preparing反馈译文：没有准备好明天的课，弗兰克没有时间和他的朋友出去。
在聚会上中西方的差异英语作文
在聚会上中西方的差异英语作文Social gatherings are a window into the cultural norms and practices of a society. They reflect the values, behaviors, and etiquettes that are cherished and maintained by a community. The differences between Eastern and Western social gatherings can be quite pronounced, each following its unique set of traditions and expectations.In Western gatherings, particularly those in Europe and North America, there is a significant emphasis on individualism. Guests often arrive at a party with a bottle of wine or a small gift for the host as a token of appreciation. The atmosphere is typically informal, with guests mingling freely and initiating conversations with both acquaintances and strangers. The dress code can vary from casual to formal, depending on the occasion, but there is generally an acceptance of a wide range of attire.Conversations at Western parties may cover a broad spectrum of topics, from personal achievements and work-related discussions to politics and other global issues. It is not uncommon for debates to occur, as the exchange of diverse opinions is usually encouraged and seen as a way to stimulate intellectual engagement.In contrast, Eastern social gatherings, such as those in China, Japan, and Korea, place a greater emphasis on collectivism and harmony. The concept of 'face' or maintaining one's reputation and social standing is deeply ingrained in the social fabric. As such, guests are careful not to overshadow the host or other guests. Bringing a gift is also customary, often something that can be shared among all attendees, emphasizing the collective nature of the event.The formality of Eastern gatherings is more pronounced, with a clear hierarchy observed. Respect for elders and those of higher social status is paramount, and this is reflected in the language and body language used. For example, it is customary to greet the eldest or most senior person first.The topics of conversation tend to be more reserved in Eastern gatherings. Discussions about personal wealth or achievements are often considered boastful andimpolite. Instead, conversations may revolve around food, health, and family, which are considered safe and harmonious topics that promote group cohesion.Food plays a central role in both Eastern and Western gatherings, but the manner of its presentation and consumption differs. In the West, food may be served buffet-style, allowing guests to serve themselves and choose what they eat. In the East, dishes are typically shared, with communal plates placed at the center of the table, from which everyone takes a portion. This not only reinforces the sense of community but also allows the host to showcase a variety of dishes.Entertainment at social gatherings also varies. In Western parties, music and dancing are common, with guests often creating playlists or hiring DJs to enhance the lively atmosphere. In Eastern parties, entertainment may include karaoke or traditional performances, which, while still lively, are more structured and may involve audience participation in a different manner.In conclusion, social gatherings in the East and West are reflective of the underlying cultural values of individualism and collectivism, respectively. While Western gatherings focus on personal expression and open dialogue, Eastern gatherings emphasize group harmony and respect for social hierarchy. Despite these differences, the universal purpose of social gatherings remains the same: to bring people together, foster relationships, and share in the joy of community and celebration. Through understanding these cultural nuances, one can navigate and appreciate the rich diversity of social customs around the world. 。
The Differences between American English and British English
The Differences between American Englishand British EnglishNameNumberClassAbstractThrough the writing of this paper, we can know that there are some differences between British English and American English in political and economic duration, social life, national history, regional cultures and their respective specific cultural phenomena. And with the development of economy, differences between American English and British English will gradually reduce; the international Standard English will appear. And all of these can give us the enlightenment. Firstly, through the analysis of the two variants of English, we can realize some British and American culture characteristics, and know these features can help us better understand Britain and the United States; it is also very helpful for us to be more aware of the development of English. Secondly, through the analysis of the two variants of English, we can express English accurately, enrich English knowledge and improve the use of English. Finally, through the analysis of the two variants of English, it helps us to stimulate curiosity and creativity, cultivate the spirit of exploration and innovation. And the most important thing is that it is also beneficial for a second English learner to understand when there is British English there should not allowed to use American English. It is good for English learners to study English efficiently and communicate well. English as a major world-wide used language will constantly keep its position in the future international communication.Key words: American English British English Differences PronunciationV ocabulary中文摘要通过本文的写作，我们可以知道，英式英语和美式英语之间的分歧有一些存在在政治，经济，社会生活中，民族历史，地域文化和他们各自特有的文化现象里。
中国和西方文化礼仪的差异 The Differences between Chinese and Western Etiquette
中国和西方文化礼仪的差距摘要礼仪是人与人之间交流的规则是一种语言也是一种工具由于形成礼仪的重要根源――宗教信仰的不同使得世界上信仰不同宗教的人们遵守着各不相同的礼仪由于各国的历史和文化底蕴不同各国人民在进行礼尚交往时的习惯也有不少差异特别是中西方之间礼仪上的差异很大为了达到这种语言的共鸣中西方礼仪应该得到重视由此可见了解中西方交往的习惯差异是很有必要的往大处来说一个国家无论是在政治上还是在经济贸易中了解对方国家的礼仪习惯将有利于各国之间的交往随着中西方文化的不断发展中西方的礼仪正在相互融合西方人逐渐接受了中国文化中重情感等合理因素中国人也逐渐接受了西方文化中先进文明的礼仪和交往方式我们得承认当今国际通行的礼仪基本上是西方礼仪为此本文探讨研究了中西方礼仪的差异为了减少中西方文化礼仪上的差距使中西方人们之间的交往更加容易本文通过对中西方各个方面文化礼仪的不同展开讨论差距是有取其精华进行中外文化礼仪上的上的交流和沟通学习关键词：礼仪差异中国的礼仪西方的礼仪AbstractEtiquette is the rules of communication between people and it is a language but also a tool Since the formation of a major source of ritual –the difference of religious beliefs what making the world believe in different religions that people follow a different liturgical As different countries with different historical and cultural heritage Needless to say there are many differences in habits when people of all countries dealing during the ceremony Particularly in the etiquette between Western and Chinese is very large in order to achieve the resonance of the language the differences should be taken seriouslyThis shows that the habit of understanding between Chinese and Western communication is necessary Look at the big run a country both in politics or in economy and trade to understand the ritual habits of the other country it will be conducive to the exchanges between the countries With the continuous development of Chinese and western culture the Chinese and western etiquette is mutual confluence and westerners gradually accepted in Chinese culture such as heavy emotion and reasonable factors and the Chinese also gradually accepted the western culture advanced civilization etiquette and communication mode We must admit that todays international etiquette is basically the etiquette of western therefore this paper studied the differences between Chinese and western etiquette In order to reduce the gap between the Chinese andwestern culture etiquette make the interaction between Chinese and western people more easily This article discusses on various aspects of differences between Chinese and western culture etiquette Athough there are many differences and we should extrct its essence we can take a tall on chinese and wester cultural ceremonial exchanges and communication and learningKey words：Etiquette Differences Chinese etiquette Western etiquetteChapter one IntroductionEtiquette is people in social interactions as it is due to historical tradition customsreligious beliefs and the trend of The Times that the formation of the influence of such factors Both for people identity and for the people had to follow For the purpose of establishing harmonious relationsand the sum of the various line with the spirit and requirements of ritual code of conduct First we must understand the different etiquette is based on their cultural roots The Concept of Etiquette and the Reasons for Studying Etiquette Etiquette is the process and means to show waht respect to each other in interpersonal relationship Etiquette can be said to be a persons external appearance of inward cultivation and quality From the aspect of communication interpersonal etiquette can be regarded as a kind of art and a method of communication It is a common respect for person and a friendly practice in interpersonal relationshipsFrom the respect of transmitting interpersonal rituals can be roughly divided into chief etiquette business etiquette service etiquette social etiquette foreign etiquette and several other major branchesAn important reason that different countries have different histories and cultures there are a lot of differences in the habit of conducts and the ceremony especially between China and the West the jokes and the mistakes caused by misunderstanding is not unusual This shows that theunderstanding of the different etiquettes between Chinese and the Westerners is absolutely necessary In the office to understand each others customer will be conductive to the exchanges between the countries A person who understands others rituals and folk customs can be seen as respecting for others and can be easier to make a good impression on the other side Along with the constant development of Chinese culture and the Western culture Chinese ritual and the Western ritual are fusions The Westerners have accepted the reasonable factors in Chinese culture and other important feelings Chinese people have gradually accepted the advanced civilization of the Western culture and etiquette style However in real life the etiquettes impact due to cultural differences between China and the West still exists The paper explores the differences between Chinese etiquette and the Western etiquette to make Chinese communicate with the Westerners more easilyThe Origin of Chinese EtiquetteIn China etiquette is equal to courtesy and ceremony The essence of etiquette is the method of dealing with people and the belief in ghosts and spirits People consider that all things are controlled by the ghosts which can not be seen Therefore the etiquette is originated from the belief in ghosts and spirits as well as a special form of belief in ghosts and spirits China is a state of ceremonies Back to five thousand years ago etiquette used to be the core of traditional culture Up to now the etiquette has been really reformed Thusit becomes rituals of modern civilization Chinese etiquette in Chinese culture plays a quasi-legal role Etiquettes origins can be traced back to the early time of human beings It should be said that at the very beginning of the history of the Chinese nation etiquette was generated along with the human activities and with a primitive religion Etiquette is the system to deal with the three relationships among the people God and the ghosts It is said that there were five ceremonies in ancient China In fact etiquette can be divided into two main parts one is politics and the other is life Chinese legal system was bred during the establishment and implementation of the protocol The essence of etiquette is the way how to deal with people and the belief in ghosts and spiritsOur group culture attaches great importance to the family friends relationship regard it as of society cells But in western countries advocating independence self-improvement and self-reliance Chinese people value their traditional favorable king-subject honestly seniority hierarchical while in Anglo-American countries elders and junior dont dispute between equal status with young boundaries friends Chinese traditional ideas always advocating "four generations" "family reunion" has a "parents not in the words ancient preceptIn the Western countries the word etiquette used to mean keep off the grass Louis XIVs 路易十四gardener noticed that the aristocrats were walking through his gardens and then he put up signs etiquetteto warn them off The dukes and duchesses walked right past these signs Due to this blatant disregard the king of Versailles decreed that no individual was to go beyond the bounds of the etiquettes The meaning of etiquette would later include the ticket to court functions that lists the instructions on which a person would stand and what was to be done Etiquette like language has evolved but it still means literally keep off the grass Until the 1960s the importance of good manners was taught without question but with the liberated 70s it came a decline in the popularity of teaching proper etiquette In 2004 a new emphasis has been placed on returning to traditional values Proper etiquette and protocol have given children and adults a vital tool that provides not only a competitive edge but a sense of confidenceTravel" While in Anglo-American countries 18 children still lives at home depend on their parents life is incredible things they must rely on our own hands to live independently Similarly older parents even lost self-care ability general wont drag childrenThe Integration between Chinese and the Western EthicsIn modern society it seems that the world is getting smaller and smaller people are very active in frequent exchanges Human decency plays the basic role of social ethics It is the part which is the most straightforward and the easiest to operate during the process of globalization It has become a code of conduct guidelines and the ceremony together with the goal of establishing a harmoniousrelationship in social intercourse The international etiquette combines ritual characteristics of various countries and people and can be understood by the people of different countries and nations International etiquette can be shared by more and more different cultures and customs because etiquette itself is a cultural phenomenon Culture includes both ideas and customs and both spiritual habits and physical habits The etiquette obviously has the cultural identity which combines ideas and customs habits of mind and bodies It reflects the sense of the organic unity of moral and ethical behaviors Therefore many countries are paying great attention to combining international etiquette with national etiquette creatively Individual Freedom and TeamworkThe Westerners cherish individual freedom and independence They are not willing to be subjected to any limitation Chinese culture mostly emphasizes on collective interests They subordinate their personal interests to advocate collective interests They advocate unity cooperation and unisonThis means that etiquette in the Western and Chinese society is in a more appropriate locationChapter two Differences in several aspectThe differences of daily communicationDaily to greet Chinese people mostly used to say Did you eat " "Where are you going "etc It reflects the interpersonal kindness But for westerners this greeting will make them feel suddenly embarrassed even unhappy because westernerswill put this friendly greeting that just for Chinese to understand the "questioned" it means they are questioned because something and they feel others in their private lives In a word the behaviour make them feel uncomfortableIn the west daily to greet they only say "Hello" or due to the time saying "good morning" "Good afternoon" and"Good night" it is ok The Englishman meet you and he would say "it is a fine day today"If you are not very busy when you meet the people who are strangeryou can say "hello" and the answer to you should also be "hello" If someone want to shake hands with you of course you should shake hands with him and the same time you must remember to refuse to shake hands is very impolite Usually by older or the woman first give the hand On the appellation in Chinese only between several best friend and very closed people can directly call " first names" But in the west the rang of people directly call" first names" is wider than it in China In the west commonly used "sir" and "madam" represent the people who is a stranger you dont know the name You can call ten or twenties woman "young lady"and married women could be called "lady" etc Between family members it can absolutely regardless of degress generally can call the name each othe In the homethey can directly call father and mothers names For all the male elders they can call "uncle"and to all female elders they can call "aunt" It is in China is no good Chinese people mustdistinguish degress young and old otherwise they will be thinked of impoliteGenerally speaking you really cant accept the invitation you can politely declined to say you cant go and explain the reason Just say "I cant go to" or "I dont go to" is not polite Say "sorry" is not enough Just say "thank you" it can make the person puzzlinghe dont know you exactly mean wether you accept the invitation or decline the invitationWhen you meet people firstly you usually shake hands In addition long-lost friends when we meet and we usually shake hands However when they met and dont shake hands with a bow slightly bow and a smileit is also very politeChinese and western languages have many different farewell laguages If you farewell to patients Chinese people will say the word of"drink more water" "put on more clothes"and "sleep early" and so on to express the carefullness to patient But westerners never say that words such as "drink more water" because this words will be thought the backseat driver For example they will say "take care" or "I hope you will soon recover" etcDining etiquette differenceChinese people have a words that called "People regard food as their heave "民以食为天thus diet in the Chinese idea ia very important so Chinese people look the daily diet as their top thing Chinese dishes are exquisitely prepared deliciousChinese peoplepay more attation to food color smell taste shape meaning sometimes more than on nutrition to pay attention toBoth we think of foods delicious and beautifuland the nutrition is always be ignored Western diet attach importance to rang in food nutritions and absorptionit is a science diet idea Westerners pay more attention to the foods nutrition and neglect of the food color fragrance taste shape meaningTheir diet is to survive and health it seems does not important to tasteIn the dining atmosphereall of the Chinese like lively mood while their have a dinner Many people sit together to eat and drinkthey are talking and laughing Everybody together to build a kind of a warmly lively dining atmosphereExpect it is in a very formal banquets Chinese people have not very special etiquette on the table While the westerners in the dinner all of them like quiet and gracful environment They think they must pay attention to manners when they are on the table and not to lose courtesy For instance when they have a meal and can not with a very unpleasant soundWhen Chinese and western host a dinner it also has its own characteristics In China most of them base on the left for honour throughout the ages When fete guests we will firstly arrange the honorest guest seat on the left positionand arrange others in turn In the west right is for honour men and women seat interval and the couple also separatly seat Female guests seats is slightly more honour than male guests seatsfor the man he ready for the chair to the woman in his right is to show his respect In addition westerners have meal must sit upright they think bend down with the mouth gather to food is very rude but this is exactly the way Chinese people usually to eat Eatting western-style food owners do not advocate drink the more alcohol in Chinas table wine is essential thing With the wine drinking sometimes in order to show respect for each other and drinking the wine upChinese table is lively western table is quiet Chinese people want to use words and deeds to advised friends to drink and eat westerners just using the words to advise In the Chinese history Wine culture is regarded as business make friends and so on the social occasions essentials In the westpeople usually drink beer wine and they dont like urge others to drink In China the banquet demands to have dishes in a tablewhile westerners think it is not health practicing separate eating When Chinese banquetsthey toast each other and dance and sing Westerner requires less noise and less action and there is many dining programsDress etiquette differenceWestern man usually wear a conservative style suit in formal social occasions they wear white shirt and tie inside They like black so they usually wear black leather shoes Western lady usually wear a dress suits in formal occasions Another custom is woman wear earrings when they go out Western countries especially in the United States people like to wear leisure clothes at ordinary times such asT-shirts with jeansTodays Chinese dress increasingly westernized more and more people change their ideasjust as traditional qipao 旗袍and ZhongShanZhuang中山装and so on have withdrawn from the stage of history Formal occasions men and womens dressing have noting difference with the west In the usual civic lifeyou can see many people wear vest shorts and slipperswhich are not keep up with etiquette In all ages dress represents a kind of social culture which embodies a persons knowledge and aesthetics it is a persons identity temperament and the inherent quality wordless recommendation In a sense the dress is an art dress can convey emotion and meaning that isnt even use words can replace In different situations dressing oneself appropriately and moderately people give a person a favourable impression and dressing inappropriately then lower the ones identity and damage his own image In a social situation appropriate dress is a polite behavior to a certain extent it directly influences the interpersonal harmonyInflunce factors of the dressing effects the important one is to have a culture and elegant aesthetic ability the so-called "Knowledge makes a gentleman"腹有诗书气自华Second it has a sports bodybuilding quality Strong and handsome body is natural condition for dressing beauty Third is to grasp ordinary knowledge of dressing dress principle and dress etiquette knowledge this is indispensable conditions that reaching the inside and outsideharmonious and unified beautyWesterners pay attention to identity they ragard the clothes as the symbolwhile Chinese pay attention to lasting appeal 韵味If the western dress culture painstakingly pursue to performance beauty and totally ignore the dress ethics so China dress culture retains some moral systems more or less because it was affected by the traditional ethical values But the most representative dress is our countrys ZhongShanZhuang and western representative outfit is suitWearing the Maosuits 中山装not only we must buckle on all the buttons but also must be fastened collar button and rolling up sleeves is not allowed When wearing the double platoon suit you must buckle on all the buttons Wear single side three tablets buckle suit only can buckle up one button or two buttons that medium and first clasp Wear single side two claps suit only buckle up one button and dont allow to buckle on single-breasted suits all the button When wearing a suit the proper wear is white shirts and a tie the standard length of the tie is its foot arrive the straps bottomGenerally speaking Clothes makes the manand saddle makes a horse 人靠衣装马靠鞍Although judging a man only by his appearance is not pleasant 以貌取人不可取but in the modern life dress become an more and more important part of etiquette and dress properly or not not only is the embodiment of the individual grade more it can become the scale ofthe consideration that people to each other a of The great British author Shakespeare had said "A mans dress which is the most true portraiture of his upbringing grade and the status" 一个人的衣着是他的教养地位品味的最真实写照So in daily work and interactions especially in the formal occasions and dress is a problem that is more and more important and we are modern people pay more attentionBackground difference between China and WesternThe eastern civilization and western civilization is boring and developing in certain social historical conditions without which is excellent or worse The history of the west it is only 200 yearsa very short history and its people from various places and they came here to immigrateso many different nationalities and races got togetherThey embrace the oath "As long as what we can dream of what we will be able to realize 只要是我们能够梦想的我们都能实现" This is the western spirit which was built by the foundation of heroism and devotion With it just 200 years history could creat the splendid civilization in humans history the productive forces it have created highly more than all the productivity that all the past generation had created this is western charm What makes different of etiquette between Chinese and western is the eastern and western culture different environment and it is the root cause It makes the people of all countries have a totally different moral standards system and valuesThe difference between Chinese and western ideasEastern culture value collective and teamly spirit peoples dependence is very strong While western culture advocating independence and individual freedom For example China focus on cultivating individual moral characterrunning the family unisonmanage the nation in orderand peace will prevail throughout the universe 修身齐家治国平天下The personality is vital and this kind of personality is built on caring about the country love the collective harmonious family interpersonal harmony and so on basic thingsWhile people in the west their concept of legal system is stronger In this premise they advocate personal freedom and dont wish to be disturb from the government the church or other organizations they all like persist themselves old ways 我行我素In the family children were taught by concept that a infusion of self-reliance Young people are always hoped themselves can independent early and try to get rid of parents bundle they dont want to rely on family and parents otherwise they will lose freedom and lose others respect for them On this point Chinese culture is differentFamily is the most attentional collective life in China Parents cherish their children more than themselves lives and extremely want to ready everything and whatever they thought of for the children When children grew up and married parents would held a big wedding feast for theirchildren when the child has their own baby who is their grandson they will sacrifice their old ages to take care of her grandson namely they give all hope on their childrenand take care of the children over care is proved their children self-dependence ability is poor even in todays China which a planned economy to a market economy In the transition state-owned company worker extremely unwilling to loss the so called "iron rice bowl" 铁饭碗the dependence is the heritage of traditional Chinese culture The cultural differences between Chinese and western ideas which result in great difference between Chinese and western etiquette and there is a big foundamental differenceChinese and western to privacy different viewsIn the conversations remembering not to talk about personal business such as age marriage income religion etc Seeing that others buy things cannot ask its price If you see others return also cannot ask where he gone or where he is from otherwise they will disgust at you usually western use the sentence of "nose come into the somebodys private life " to express their disparagement to the people who askedWhile in China people take littal attention to boundaries of privacy people would not care about others in their own lives and not take any behavior to people who want to get a general understanding But between Chinese and American people Chinese always take very common words to ask each other familys life Americans might think you violated hisprivacy having a hidden purpose and a business would probably have be killedWhen Chinese people meet we often like noding heads and shaking hands or to salute with the hands folded 拱手致礼or slightly take a bow欠身then shake hands while the Westerners think the bow seemed inferior In the West especially in European and American countries hugging ritual is very common manners when you meet and leave kissing faces and kiss the hand ritual are also very common manners among westerners Shake hands date from western human half-barbaric half civilized period Today this habit gradually is regarded as meet and leaves shaking riyual and it have been accepted by most countries in the word In our country the handshake ritual not only it is often used when people meet and leave but also it is as a common behavior in congratulations and appreciate or encourage each other and so on some occasions So it is the most widely used etiquette in social communication The etiquette of meeting and leaving grandually evolve to today is "hello" and "goodbye" two phrases If we want to give more polite behavior we will shake hands again with each other In the disease popular today this habits of shaking hands which shows to us is more concise health and decent However in western countries meet will first touch the face kissing ritual and kiss the hand ritual this let us very uncomfortable and also cannot accept itDifferences in educationEtiquette education in China is deeply influenced by cultural and moral decency in the prominent position etiquette education in China emphasizes the moral law of etiquette education and the integration of practice etiquette education in China shows characteristics of a strong state intervention While in the west the combination of Etiquette Education and Moral Education of School Ceremonies can be found in moral education of the Western countries that etiquette is the major subject of moral education On the moral lesson in many countries people often teach students the etiquette knowledge in direct way The Western countries pay attention to comprehensive permeability of moral education rather than forcefully indoctrinate Etiquette education is not accepted They are generally not allowed to insist on instilling certain values They think the values of education can not be limited to a few hours teaching in a day but they pay attention to diversifying the form of moral education in schoolsIn educational culture there are many differences in various educational level between Chinese and western developed countries and responesd in different forms Untill today higher education of the differences between two countries is more and more wide In American universities according to the individual elective subjects the students can imply credit system 学分制Different subjects its credits is different as long as a student fufill enough credits who can graduate and get diplomasand degrees Previously we can see from relevant newspapers in the United States the student obtained several degrees this is normal Now we can understand American university system is very flexible college students studying at the college can learns a few professional course and just take enough credits they would be able to obtain the professional degreeWhile in Chinese universities where just confirmed professional direction a persons life his only lifetime is engaged in a profession it is possible to ignore his potentials in other respects And some aspects of language in Chinese education also different with westerns In China there are "差学生" but in America it is not this word they think it is considered bad mannersthis is a form of discriminationIn the thinking mode the Chinese thinking are abstract westerners is more specific The Chinese way of thinking from is from large to small such as address from a national provincial municipal and county township and village etc which embodies the overall thinking of the Chinese orders namely nature and human in a whole coexsitence of human and nature 天人合一world On the contrary westerners are from small to large from point to surface they think the whole is made up by parts The same way but not the same content and results which allows us to ponder Different of religionBuddhism佛教was introduced into China for more than a thousand years people believe in that there is "the Lord Buddha" 佛祖in the world and this related to many languages suchas 借花献佛"平时不烧香急来抱佛脚" etc The influence of religion in the western society is profound it involves in political economic social and all aspects of life especially of Christian cultures influence on English countries is more deep and rooted In in many western countries especially in Britain people believe in Christianity 基督教and they always says"God help me" They always get marrige in church Chapter three Theoritical Foundations1 Important Symbol of Human CivilizationProtocol is the product of the historical development of social etiquette It has distinctive characteristics of the times People have different understanding of the content of the protocol in different ages for different ethnic awareness The definition which is the origin of the earliest civilization culture is generally not in doubt Etiquette is the standard of human civilization It is also an important part of the community A nation which has a good quality of the nation is a polite and compliant one The formation of educational attainments is a gradual process Therefore every country in the world considers doing things properly as a symbol of civilization2 The Immortal Essence of the Western CivilizationModern etiquette is evolved from the traditional rituals The ceremony combines with criteria and become immoral essence of the Western civilization Along with the development of the times the nations and the。
Different Social Customs Between Americans and Chi
Different Social Customs Between Americans and Chi¡¡¡¡Social customs differ in different parts of the world. If we don't realize this, misunderstanding may arise between people that behave differently. In the United States, people are very informal in social situations. For example, they call each other by their given names when two people first meet. So do the young to the old. In China, it would be regarded quite impolite to do so.¡¡¡¡Another difference is about what can be talked about in a conversation. A Chinese thinks nothing of being asked how much his coat cost while Americans think it impolite to ask such a question. A Chinese woman doesn't care if she is asked about her age. Politics, religions, as well as incomes are often talked about among Chinese. But in the United States these kinds of subjects are usually avoided in conversation.¡¡¡¡Since there are many other different social customs between Americans and Chinese, the way that we behave and what we talk about requires our attention. If we keep these in mind, we will do it better and understand each other better.¡¡¡¡。
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Different Social Customs Between America（不同的社会习俗在美国）_400字Social customs differ in different parts of the world If we don"t realize this，misunderstanding may arise between people that behave differently In the United States，people are very informal in social situations For example，they call each other by their given names when two people first meet So do the young to the old In ，it would be regarded quite impolite to do soAnother difference is about what can be talked about in a conversation A Chinese thinks nothing of being asked how much his coat cost while Americans think it impolite to ask such a question A Chinese woman doesn"t care if she is asked about her age Politics，religions，as well as ines are often talked about among Chinese But in the United States these kinds of subjects are usually avoided in conversationSince there are many other different social customs between Americans and Chinese，the way that we behave and what we talk about requires our attention If we keep these in mind，we will do it better and understand each other better。
中西方社交礼仪差异英语作文
中西方社交礼仪差异英语作文英文回答：Cultural differences in social etiquette between the East and the West stem from a myriad of factors, including historical, geographical, and societal influences. These variations manifest across a wide range of social interactions, from greetings and introductions to dining customs and professional communication.Greetings and Introductions:In Western cultures, handshakes are the customary form of greeting upon meeting someone for the first time. However, in many Eastern societies, it is considered more respectful to bow or nod the head. Additionally, Westerners tend to greet acquaintances and friends with a handshake or a hug, whereas Easterners typically opt for a more formal bow or nod.Dining Customs:Table manners vary significantly between Eastern and Western cultures. In the West, it is common to use separate utensils for each type of food, while in the East, chopsticks are traditionally used for all dishes. Moreover, in Eastern cultures, it is considered rude to leave food on your plate, whereas in Western cultures, it is acceptable to finish only the amount you desire.Punctuality:Western cultures generally emphasize punctuality, valuing time as a precious commodity. In contrast, Eastern cultures tend to be more relaxed about timekeeping, allowing for a greater degree of flexibility in scheduling appointments and meetings.Conversation Style:Western conversations are often characterized by directness and self-expression. Individuals tend to speakopenly about their thoughts and feelings, even if they differ from those of others. In Eastern cultures, however, conversations are more indirect and circumspect. People are often hesitant to express their opinions directly and may use subtle hints or body language to convey their thoughts.Professional Communication:In professional settings, Western cultures tend to value assertiveness and self-promotion. Individuals are expected to articulate their ideas forcefully and strivefor recognition. Eastern cultures, on the other hand, emphasize humility and deference. Subordinates are expected to respect their superiors and demonstrate a willingness to learn and follow instructions.Personal Space:Western cultures generally prefer a greater amount of personal space than Eastern cultures. In Western cultures, it is considered impolite to stand or sit too close to someone you do not know well. In Eastern cultures, however,it is more common for people to stand or sit closer together, often as a sign of respect or familiarity.These social etiquette differences are rooted in the unique values and customs of each culture. It is important to be aware of and respectful of these variations when interacting with individuals from different backgrounds.中文回答：东西方社交礼仪差异。
南北差异 英语作文
In China,the cultural and lifestyle differences between the northern and southern regions are quite pronounced,and these distinctions are often a topic of interest and discussion.Here are some key points that highlight these differences:1.Cuisine:Northern Chinese cuisine is known for its hearty and substantial dishes,such as dumplings jiaozi and noodles,which are often served in larger portions.In contrast, Southern Chinese cuisine is characterized by its lighter and more refined flavors,with an emphasis on rice and a variety of seafood dishes.2.Climate:The climate in the north is generally colder,with harsh winters and hot summers,while the south enjoys a more temperate climate with milder winters and hot, humid summers.This climate difference influences not only the local cuisine but also the lifestyle and agricultural practices.nguage and Dialects:Mandarin is the official language spoken across China,but there are significant dialectal differences between the north and the south.Northern Mandarin is often considered more straightforward and easier for nonnative speakers to understand,while Southern dialects,such as Cantonese,are more complex and distinct from the standard Mandarin.4.Architecture:Traditional architecture in the north tends to be more robust,designed to withstand the harsher weather conditions.In the south,buildings are often more delicate, with features such as sloping roofs to manage the heavy rainfall and open spaces to promote ventilation.5.Economic Development:Historically,the southern regions of China have been more economically developed,particularly in areas such as Guangdong and Shanghai.The north,while rich in natural resources,has faced different economic challenges.6.Social Customs:There are also differences in social customs and festivals.For example,the MidAutumn Festival is celebrated with mooncakes in both regions,but the types of mooncakes and the way they are enjoyed can vary.7.Tea Culture:Tea is an integral part of Chinese culture,but the way it is consumed differs between the north and the south.Northerners often prefer their tea plain and strong,while southerners may enjoy it with milk or as part of a tea ceremony with a variety of flavors.cational Focus:There is a perception that the southern regions place a greater emphasis on education and academic achievement,which is reflected in the high numberof prestigious universities and the competitive nature of their entrance exams.9.Business Practices:Business practices can also differ,with the south often being seen as more entrepreneurial and open to foreign investment,while the north may have a more traditional approach to business.10.Transportation:The modes of transportation can also reflect regional differences, with the north historically having a stronger focus on land transportation due to its vast plains,and the south having a more developed maritime culture.Understanding these differences can provide a deeper appreciation of the rich tapestry of Chinese culture and the diversity within the country.It is important to note that while these generalizations can be helpful,they do not encompass the full range of experiences and practices found in each region.。
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Different Social Customs Between Americans and Chinese
¡¡¡¡Different Social Customs Between Americans and Chinese
¡¡¡¡Social customs differ in different parts of the world. If we don't realize this, misunderstanding may arise between people that behave differently. In the United States, people are very informal in social situations. For example, they call each other by their given names when two people first meet. So do the young to the old. In China, it would be regarded quite impolite to do so.
¡¡¡¡Another difference is about what can be talked about in a conversation. A Chinese thinks nothing of being asked how much his coat cost while Americans think it impolite to ask such a question. A Chinese woman doesn't care if she is asked about her age. Politics, religions, as well as incomes are often talked about among Chinese. But in the United States these kinds of subjects are usually avoided in conversation.
¡¡¡¡Since there are many other different social customs between Americans and Chinese, the way that we behave and what we talk about requires our attention. If we keep these in mind, we will do it better and understand each other better.
¡¡¡¡。