独立主格结构with复合结构
独立主格与with复合结构汇总
I. 独立主格结构的基本概念由一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成,这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常被称为独立主格结构。
独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词（副）词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。
该结构不是句子，也不是从句，所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化，它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导，常用逗号与其主句隔开。
独立主格结构主要起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,多用来表示行为、方式、伴随等情况,有时也可用来表示时一、独立主格结构的构成形式1、逻辑主语+V-ing : 逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者。
如：Time permitting, we can have a walk around the playground after supper.①.______no bus, we had to walk home. A. There being B. Being C. Having been D. There was②._______no bus, we had to walk home. A. As there being B. As there was C. Being D. There was③._______Sunday, the library doesn't open. A. Being B. There being C. It being D. Having been④.______Sunday, the library doesn't open. A. As it being B . Being C. It is D. As it isABCD2、逻辑主语+V-ed 该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。
如：The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report.①._____, the train started. A. The signal given B. Giving the signal B. The signal being given D. The signal giving②._____, the train started.A. After having given the signalB. After the signal givenC. Giving the signalD. After the signal was given③._________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. Explaining new wordsB. New words explainedC. Being explained new wordsD. Having explained new words④.______________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. When new words were explainedB. Explaining new words B. New words explaining D. Being explained new words ADBA3、逻辑主语+形容词（副词）该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”结构。
with的复合结构和独立主格结构
1. with+宾语+形容词。
比如：. The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫，颈部敞开，露出光光的胸膛。
Don’t talk with your mouth full. 嘴里有食物时不要讲话。
2. with+宾语+副词。
比如：She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头，跟在导游之后。
What a lonely world it will be with you away. 你不在，多没劲儿呀！3. with+宾语+过去分词。
比如：He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed. 他眼睛半闭着听音乐。
She sat with her head bent. 她低着头坐着。
4. with+宾语+现在分词。
比如：With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes. 冬天到了，该买些保暖的衣服了。
He soon fell asleep with the light still burning. 他很快就睡着了，（可）灯还亮着。
5. with+宾语+介词短语。
比如：He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。
The young lady came in, with her two- year-old son in her arms. 那位年轻的女士进来了，怀里抱着两岁的孩子。
6. with+宾语+动词不定式。
比如： With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film. 下午无事可做，我就去看了场电影。
Sorry, I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash. 很抱歉，有这么多盘子要洗，我不能出去。
高中英语语法——独立主格结构和with复合结构
Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children(=andmany of themwerechildren).
两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。
The boywentto the classroom,book in hand(=and a book was in his hand).那男孩手里拿着书去教室。
二．with复合结构
with复合结构也是一种独立主格结构，用法同独立主格结构。主要有以下两种情况：
1.with+名词(代词)+分词/不定式
More time given (=If more time is given),we will do it better.如果多给些时间，我们会做得更好。
Homework（having been）finished（=After homework had been finished）,the boy went out to play.做完作业后，这个男孩出去玩了。
He fell asleep with the windows open.他开着窗睡觉。
He came into the room,withhisdog out.他回到了房子里，他的狗在外面。
Ha large book under hisarm.他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆。
独立主格结构主要有以下两种情况：
1.名词(代词)+分词/不定式
（分词、不定式作状语时，其逻辑主语必须与句子的主语保持一致，如果不一致时，则分词、不定式需要带有自己的逻辑主语，构成独立主格结构。此结构在句中起原因、方式、时间、条件、伴随状语从句的作用。）
独立主格结构和with复合结构
(4)作伴随状语
Here are the first three volumes with the fourth one to come out next month.
=Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month.
理解并掌握非谓语动词各种形式的特点，
做起题来会很轻松。熟悉知道了非谓语 动词形式后，做题时可分四步分析。
• 一、分析句子结构 1. ________many times , but he still couldn't understand it . 2. ___many times , he still couldn't understand it .
A. There were; to go B. With; to go
C. I was; left
D. It had; left
2.The lady said she would buy a gift for her daughter with the __.
A.20 dollars remained B.20 dollars to remain
B. will permit
C. to permit D. permitting
Well
10.__ a rainy day, he didn`t go out fdoorne!a walk
as usual.
A. It was
B. It is
C. It being
D. Having been
独立主格及with复合结构
2,逻辑主语+V-ed 该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者.如: 1._________, the train started. A.The signal given B.Giving the signal B.The signal being given D.The signal giving 2.__________, the train started. A.After having given the signal B.After the signal given C.Giving the signal D.After the signal was given 3._________, the text became easier for us to learn. A.Explaining new words B.New words explained C.Being explained new words D.Having explained new words 4._________, the text became easier for us to learn.
二,独立主格结构在整句中可作以下成分: 1,原因状语 该结构在句中作原因状语时相当于一个原因状语从句. 如: 1.________ no bus, we had to walk home. A.There being B.As there was C.There was D.A and B 2._________Sunday, the library doesn't open. A.It being B.As it is C.Being D.A and B 3.____________, I had to ask for two days' leave. A.Mother being ill B.Mother ill C.As mother was ill D. A,B and C 4.____________, we have to work late into the night. A.The exam near B.The exam being near C.As the exam is near D. A,B and C
with 的复合结构和独立主格
1 With 的复合结构（with+ 复合宾语）with+ 复合宾语结构常作原因状语、伴随状语、定语等。
With + 名词/代词+名词With + 名词/代词+形容词With + 名词/代词+副词With + 名词/代词+介词短语With + 名词/代词+不定式（to do/ to be done 表示动作将要做 , 若句中主语发出动作，用to do , 若句中主语不发出这一动作，则用to be done With + 名词/代词+现在分词 (doing/ being done 表示动作与谓语动词同时进行，若是with 后的名词/代词发出动作，即所谓的主动，则用doing ; 若是被动，则用being done )With + 名词/代词+过去分词 (动作已结束，动词与前面名词/代词的关系是被动)He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul.She used to sleep with the windows open.She used to sleep with the light on.She came in, with a book in her hand.With all the work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out.With the boy leading us, we soon found the house.With the house being painted, we can’t move in.With everything I needed bought, I left the shop.2 独立主格结构一般来说，我们把With 复合结构中的with 去掉，就成了独立主格结构了。
如： She slept, the windows open.The prisoner stood there, his hands raised. ( 可以这样理解：hand 是被举起的，表示被动和完成)Time permitting, We ‘ll go for a picnic.(time和permit 是主动关系)She came in, book in hand. (注: book 和hand 之前不加任何代词或冠词，这与with 复合结构不同)还有不同的是，独立主格中出现了beingIt being a fine day, we decided to go swimming.There being no bus, I had to go home on foot.这两句话中的being 是由动词be 变来的，可以这样想：独立主格也是状语，所以不能使用谓语动词。
with的复合结构和独立主格的异同
with的复合结构和独立主格的异同with的复合结构和独立主格是英语中两种常见的短语结构，它们都可以用来表示伴随关系。
但是，它们在语法和用法上有着一些明显的异同点。
一、with的复合结构1. 语法结构with的复合结构由with引导，并且包括一个名词短语或代词作为宾语，后面跟着一个动词或动词短语。
例如：- She walked to the park with her dog.- He went to the concert with his girlfriend.2. 用法with的复合结构通常用来表示伴随关系，即两个行为同时发生或在同一时间内进行。
它还可以表示附加信息或补充说明。
例如：- With a smile on her face, she greeted me warmly.- He left the party early with a headache.二、独立主格1. 语法结构独立主格是指一个名词短语或代词加上一个动名词，它们之间没有任何连接词。
例如：- The sun having set, we made our way back home.- Me being sick, I couldn't go to work today.2. 用法独立主格也表示伴随关系，但它更侧重于描述先决条件或原因。
通常情况下，独立主格放在句子的开头，用逗号与主句分开。
例如：- The weather being nice, we decided to have a picnic.- Her parents having died, she was left alone in the world.三、异同点1. 语法结构with的复合结构和独立主格在语法结构上有很大的差别。
前者是一个介词短语加上一个宾语和动词，后者则是一个名词短语或代词加上一个动名词。
2. 用法虽然两种结构都可以表示伴随关系，但是它们在用法上有一些不同。
9-1-with-复合结构和独立主格
with的复合结构，是由with+复合宾语组成.常在句中做状语，表示谓语动作发生的伴随情况、时间、原因、方式等.其构成有下列几种情形：1。
with+名词（或代词)+现在分词此时，现在分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的主谓关系。
1)With prices going up so fast，we can't afford luxuries。
由于物价上涨很快，我们买不起高档商品。
（原因状语）2）With the crowds cheering, they drove to the palace.在人群的欢呼声中，他们驱车来到皇宫。
（伴随情况)2.with+名词(或代词）+过去分词此时，过去分词和前面的名词或代词是逻辑上的动宾关系。
例如：1）I sat in my room for a few minutes with my eyes fixed on the ceiling。
我在房间坐了一会儿，眼睛盯着天花板。
（伴随情况）2）She had to walk home with her bike stolen.自行车被偷，她只好步行回家。
（原因状语)3。
with+名词(或代词)+形容词1)I like to sleep with the windows open.我喜欢把窗户开着睡觉.(伴随情况)2)With the weather so close and stuffy，ten to one it'll rain presently.大气这样闷，十之八九要下雨。
（原因状语）4.with+名词(或代词)+介词短语1)With the children at school，we can't take our vacation when we want to。
由于孩子们在上学，所以当我们想度假时而不能去度假。
（原因状语）2)The soldier had him stand with his back to his father.士兵让他背朝着他的父亲站在那儿.（行为方式）5.with+名词（或代词)+副词1)He fell asleep with the light on.他睡着了，灯还亮着。
with 的复合结构和独立主格结构
1. with+宾语+形容词。
比如:。
The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his bare chest. 那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫，颈部敞开，露出光光的胸膛. Don't talk with your mouth full。
嘴里有食物时不要讲话.2. with+宾语+副词。
比如： She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头，跟在导游之后。
What a lonely world it will be with you away. 你不在，多没劲儿呀！3. with+宾语+过去分词。
比如： He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed。
他眼睛半闭着听音乐. She sat with her head bent。
她低着头坐着。
4。
with+宾语+现在分词。
比如：With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes。
冬天到了，该买些保暖的衣服了. He soon fell asleep with the light still burning。
他很快就睡着了，（可）灯还亮着. 5. with+宾语+介词短语。
比如：He was asleep with his head on his arms。
他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。
The young lady came in, with her two- year—old son in her arms. 那位年轻的女士进来了，怀里抱着两岁的孩子。
6。
with+宾语+动词不定式。
比如：With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film。
下午无事可做，我就去看了场电影。
Sorry, I can’t go out with all these dishes to wash。
with复合短语和独立主格结构的区别
一、 with结构的构成它是由介词with或without+复合结构构成，复合结构作介词with或without的复合宾语，复合宾语中第一部分宾语由名词或代词充当，第二部分补足语由形容词、副词、介词短语、动词不定式或分词充当，分词可以是现在分词，也可以是过去分词。
With结构构成方式如下：1. with或without-名词/代词+形容词；2. with或without-名词/代词+副词；3. with或without-名词/代词+介词短语；4. with或without-名词/代词 +动词不定式；5. with或without-名词/代词 +分词。
下面分别举例：1、 She came into the room，with her nose red.（with+名词+形容词，作伴随状语）2、 With the meal over ， we all went home.（with+名词+副词，作时间状语）3、The master was walking up and down with the ruler under his arm。
（with+名词+介词短语，作伴随状语。
） The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.4、He lay in the dark empty house，without a man ，woman or child to say he was kind to me.（with+名词+不定式，作伴随状语） He could not finish it without me to help him.（without+代词 +不定式，作条件状语）5、She fell asleep with the light burning.（with+名词+现在分词，作伴随状语）6. Without anything left in the cupboard， she went out to get something to eat.（without+代词+过去分词，作为原因状语）二、with结构的用法在句子中with结构多数充当状语，表示行为方式，伴随情况、时间、原因或条件（详见上述例句）。
with的复合结构和独立主格结构.docx
.1. with+ 宾语 +形容词。
比如： . The boy wore a shirt with the neck open, showing his barechest.那男孩儿穿着一件衬衫，颈部敞开，露出光光的胸膛。
Don ’ttalk with your mouth full. 嘴里有食物时不要讲话。
2.with+ 宾语 + 副词。
比如： She followed the guide with her head down. 她低着头，跟在导游之后。
What a lonely world it will be with you away.你不在，多没劲儿呀！ 3.with+ 宾语 + 过去分词。
比如： He was listening to the music with his eyes half closed.他眼睛半闭着听音乐。
She sat with her head bent.她低着头坐着。
4.with+ 宾语 + 现在分词。
比如：With winter coming, it’s time to buy warm clothes.冬天到了，该买些保暖的衣服了。
He soon fell asleep with the light still burning.他很快就睡着了，（可）灯还亮着。
5.with+ 宾语 + 介词短语。
比如： He was asleep with his head on his arms. 他的头枕在臂膀上睡着了。
The young lady came in, with her two- year-old son inher arms.那位年轻的女士进来了，怀里抱着两岁的孩子。
6.with+ 宾语 + 动词不定式。
比如： With nothing to do in the afternoon, I went to see a film.下午无事可做，我就去看了场电影。
独立主格结构和with复合结构
Withr a walk.
由于没有什么事情可做，他便到外面散步去了。
2. with+名词(代词)+形容词/副词/介词短语
The meeting over(=After themeetingwasover), they all went home.会议一结束，他们就都回家了。
Two hundred people died in the accident, many of them children(=andmany of themwerechildren).
两百人死于事故，其中有许多儿童。
The boywentto the classroom,book in hand(=and a book was in his hand).那男孩手里拿着书去教室。
二．with复合结构
with复合结构也是一种独立主格结构，用法同独立主格结构。主要有以下两种情况：
1.with+名词(代词)+分词/不定式
He fell asleep with the windows open.他开着窗睡觉。
He came into the room,withhisdog out.他回到了房子里，他的狗在外面。
He came out of the library,witha large book under hisarm.他夹着本厚书，走出了图书馆。
独立主格结构和with复合结构
一．独立主格结构
独立主格结构是由名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词、副词、名词、介词短语等构成的一种独立结构，用来修饰整个句子。这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词，如果有并列连词或从属连词，则用完整的谓语动词形式。
英语高考独立主格及with复合结构
独立主格及with的复合结构【考点概述】非谓语动词作状语时，其逻辑主语应和主句的主语保持一致。
但是有时非谓语动词带有自己的逻辑主语，在句中作状语, 用来表示行为方式、伴随情况或者时间、原因和条件等。
这种结构我们称之为独立主格结构。
独立主格结构的特点是：（1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
（2）名词或者代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓关系。
（3）独立主格结构后一般有逗号。
with 的复合结构是独立主格的一种特殊形式,是高考必考的考点。
【高考真题收集】1.(07,重庆卷)The children went home from the grammar school, their lessons ____ for the day.A. finishingB. finishedC. had finishedD. went finished2.(07,山东卷)The country has already sent up three unmanned spacecrafts, the most recent _______ at the end of last March.A. has been launchedB. having been launchedC. being launchedD. to be launched3.(05,湖南卷)I send you 100 dollars today, the rest _______ in a year.A. followsB. followedC. to followD. being followed 4.4. ( 05 ,北京卷) I couldn’t do my homework with all that noise ________ .A. going onB. goes onC. went toD. to go on5. (09 全国卷Ⅰ,35) Now that we’ve discussed our problem, are people happy with the decisions __________ ?A. takingB. takeC. takenD. to take6. (06 陕西卷) With no one to ________ in such a frightening situation, she felt very helpless.A. turn toB. turn onC. turn offD. turn over【考点扫描】考点一：独立主格结构的形式独立主格结构常见的构成形式有：1.名词或代词+ 现在分词如：Time (Weather) permitting, we shall have a picnic this weekend.Aluminium being very soft, we can press it easily into any shape desired.The decision having been made, the next problem was how to make a good plan.2.名词或代词+ 过去分词如：The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report.The job finished, we went home straight away.The sum added, we’ll have enough money for the trip.注意：用现在分词还是过去分词，要看前面的名词或代词与后面动词的关系。
独立主格结构与with复合结构
练手吧！
1. Darkness ______ in, the young people strolled on the streets. A. set B. setting C. has set D. was set 2. The production ______ steadily, the factory needs an everincreasing supply of raw material (原料). A. has gone up B. is going up C. having gone up D. being gone up 3. Father came home, _________. A. a dog following him B. a dog followed him C. being followed by a dog D. all the above 4.She stood there, _____ from her cheeks. A. tears' rolling down B. tears rolled down C. with tears rolled down D. tears rolling down
名词/主格代词+形容词
1）这么多人缺席，会议不得不取消。
So many people （being）absent, the meeting had to be called off.
2）那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。
An air accident happened to the plane, nobody（being） alive.
不同：with复合结构常用于日常生活中， 更口语化。而独立主格结构则多用于描绘 文字，即多用于文学中，使之所描绘的内 容更加生动有色
With复合结构与独立主格结构
一：With复合结构与独立主格结构with复合结构与独立主格结构是英语中常见的两种结构形式。
从某种意义上说，它们可以算作是非谓语动词用法的延伸。
它们都可以在句中作原因状语、伴随状况状语、条件状语、时间状语或结果状语用，一般也可以相互转换。
虽然它们的语法功能和意义相同，但其结构形式和名称却不相同。
抓住这一点，就可以把二者融会贯通，从而在阅读中减少不必要的理解障碍。
with复合结构的模式是：with+名词/代词（作逻辑主语）+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语（作逻辑谓语）独立主格结构的模式是：主格名词/代词（作逻辑主语）+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语（作逻辑谓语）请看下例：一、作时间状语1、With winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.=Winter coming on, the trees turn yellow and some birds fly south.2、With our work having been finished well, we went out for a holiday.=Our work having been finished well, we went out for a holiday. 3、With the traffic light green, the bus got moving.=The traffic light green, the bus got moving.4、With the wedding dinner party(being) over, we left the hotel.=The wedding dinner party(being) over, we left the hotel.二、作原因状语5、With it being Sunday, the library was closed.=It being Sunday, the library was closed.6、With the weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.=The weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves. 7、With us to care for the children you are able to be carefree away from home.=We to care for the children, you are able to be carefree away from home.（注意此处的we 不得改成us，用了us便不是独立主格结构了。
with 的复合结构和独立主格
1 With 的复合结构（with+ 复合宾语）with+ 复合宾语结构常作原因状语、伴随状语、定语等。
With + 名词/代词+名词With + 名词/代词+形容词With + 名词/代词+副词With + 名词/代词+介词短语With + 名词/代词+不定式（to do/ to be done 表示动作将要做, 若句中主语发出动作，用to do , 若句中主语不发出这一动作，则用to be doneWith + 名词/代词+现在分词(doing/ being done 表示动作与谓语动词同时进行，若是with 后的名词/代词发出动作，即所谓的主动，则用doing ; 若是被动，则用being done )With + 名词/代词+过去分词(动作已结束，动词与前面名词/代词的关系是被动) He left home, with his wife a hopeless soul.She used to sleep with the windows open.She used to sleep with the light on.She came in, with a book in her hand.With all the work to do, I don’t know if I’ll have time to go out.With the boy leading us, we soon found the house.With the house being painted, we can’t move in.With everything I needed bought, I left the shop.2 独立主格结构一般来说，我们把With 复合结构中的with 去掉，就成了独立主格结构了。
如：She slept, the windows open.The prisoner stood there, his hands raised. ( 可以这样理解：hand 是被举起的，表示被动和完成)Time permitting, We ‘ll go for a picnic.(time和permit 是主动关系)She came in, book in hand. (注: book 和hand 之前不加任何代词或冠词，这与with 复合结构不同)还有不同的是，独立主格中出现了beingIt being a fine day, we decided to go swimming.There being no bus, I had to go home on foot.这两句话中的being 是由动词be 变来的，可以这样想：独立主格也是状语，所以不能使用谓语动词。
独立主格结构和with复合结构
(5)名词／代词＋to do,强调逻辑主语与 不定式之间是主谓关系,且强调的是一次 性动作。 eg: We said goodbye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore.
二．With和without复合结构 （又叫独立主格结构）
◆作状语，表示时间、伴随、方式、原因、结果等 With/without + n. /pron. + n. With/without + n. /pron. + adj. with /without + n. /pron. + adv. with /without + n. /pron. + prep. with /without + n. /pron. + doing with /without + n. /pron. + being done with /without + n. /pron. + done with /without + n. /pron. + to do
With a lot of difficult problems __, the newly-elected president is having a hard time. A. settled B. settling C. to settle D. being settled
__ production up by 60%, the company has had another excellent year. A. As B. For C. With D. Through
1)with/without + n./pron. + n.
中考英语《句型结构》知识点：With的复合结构作独立主格
中考英语《句型构造》知识点：With的复合构造作独立主格中考英语《句型构造》知识点：With的复合构造作独立主格表伴随时，既可用分词的独立构造，也可用with的复合构造。
with +名词(代词)+如今分词/过去分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语举例: He stood there, his hand raised.= He stood there, with his hand raise.典型例题The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back。
A. being tiedB. having tiedC. to be tiedD. tied答案D. with +名词(代词)+分词+介词短语构造。
当分词表示伴随状况时，其主语常常用with来引导。
由于本句中名词“手”与分词“绑”是被动关系，因此用过去分词，选D.注意:1) 独立主格构造使用介词的问题：当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任何成分(如物主代词或冠词)，也不用复数。
但 with 的复合构造不受此限制A robber burst into the room, knife in hand.( hand前不能加his)。
2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时，及物动词用如今分词，不及物动词用过去分词。
He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.典型例题：Weather___, we'll go out for a walk.A permittedB permittingC permitsD for permitting答案B. 此题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不是并列句。
句中使用了逗号，且we 小写，可知其不是两个简单句。
可以这样使用的只有独立主格或with的复合构造。
高中英语语法通霸独立主格结构和with的复合结构
高中英语语法通霸独立主格结构和with的复合结构高中英语语法通霸3：独立主格结构和with的复合结构考点1.独立主格结构的构成A.独立主格结构可以看作是把一个分句破坏了谓语前面我们学过，两个分句放在一起而不用句子连词连接只以逗号隔开，这样的句子是错误的（参看P. 10考点5）。
His homework was finished, he went out to play.×这时，我们可以把一个分句的谓语破坏掉，把其谓语变成非谓语或不用动词。
上句可以变为：His homework finished, he went out to play.这样，这个分句被破坏后就成了独立主格结构。
独立主格结构可以使句子更简练，有利于表达复杂内容。
破坏谓语的方法：含有be的，把be去掉（主系表结构表原因的，be也可变为being）；不含be的，谓语和主语是主动关系的，把谓语变为现在分词；是被动关系的，把谓语变为过去分词；谓语表将来动作的，变为不定式。
练习：合并下列句子，把画线句子改为独立主格结构。
1.His wife was ill. He had to stay at home.2.He arrived at home. His face was red.3.My homework was finished. I went out to play footballwith my friends.4.I rode a bike along the street. My dog was following me.5.I had to stay at home. A lot of homework had to be done.6.It rained last Sunday. I had to stay at home.B.独立主格结构的构成①名词(代词)+现在分词（与前面构成主动关系）Weather permitting, we are going to visit youtomorrow.②名词(代词)+过去分词（与前面构成被动关系）The test finished, we began our holiday.③名词(代词)+不定式（表将来）He suggested going for a picnic, Mary to provide the food.④名词(代词)+副词The game over, the crowd rushed to the exit.⑤名词(代词)+形容词A hunter came in, his face red with cold.⑥名词(代词) +介词短语He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.⑦名词(代词) +名词The villagers, most of them women and children, were killed that night. 考点2.with的复合结构与独立主格结构的区别和联系看下面两个句子：①W ith the traffic light green, the bus got moving.（前面粗体部分是with的复合结构）②The traffic light green, the bus got moving.(前面粗体部分是独立主格结构)可以看出，作状语时，独立主格结构和with的复合结构在用法上是相同的，可以通过添、去with相互转换。
独立主格结构和with引导的复合结构
I．独立主格结构We already have 2.4 million people…, 412,000 of them locked away in a prison cell. (Lesson 3, Para. 1)（一）定义独立主格结构是由一个独立的主格名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个分词、形容词、副词、不定式或介词短语（作为逻辑谓语）构成。
其作用相当于状语，多用来表示原因、方式或伴随的情况，有时也用来表示时间和条件。
这种结构多用在书面语中。
（二）特点1．独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2．名词或代词与后面的分词、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语等是逻辑上的主谓关系。
3．独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
（三）几种常见的独立主格结构形式1. 名词（或代词）＋现在分词（或过去分词）。
如：The moon appearing, they decided to go on with their journey.All our savings gone, we started looking for jobs.2. 名词（或代词）＋形容词。
如：The weather hot, we all went swimming.3. 名词（或代词）＋不定式。
如：Some of the money to be paid by the thief, the police went.4. 名词（或代词）＋介词短语。
如：He climbed in, sword in hand.5. 名词（或代词）＋副词。
如：The meeting over, we left the room.II. With引导的复合结构With the average cost of prison construction running around $50,000 per bed, it would cost … (Lesson 3, Para. 9)（一）with复合结构的模式with+名词/代词+分词/形容词/副词/不定式/介词短语（二）with复合结构与独立主格结构它们都可以在句中作原因状语,伴随状语,条件状语,时间状语或结果状语用,一般也可以相互转换.如：With the weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.= The weather terribly cold, we entered the room to warm ourselves.但须注意的是：with复合结构可以作后置定语修饰名词,而独立主格结构则不可作后置定语修饰名词.Soon she arrived at a park with grass green and flowers in blossom.= Soon she arrived at a park where grass was green and flowers were in blossom.。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
3. Weather permitting, we are going to visit you tent home. 5. The meeting gone over, everyone tired to go home earlier. 6. He came into the room, his ears red with cold. 7. He came out of the library, a large book under his arm.
3.Time ____,we shall visit the zoo. A. been permitting B. permitting C. permitted D. having been permitted
4. ____, he put on his coat. A. It being cold B. It cold C. Being cold D. It having been cold
1. The test finished, we began our holiday. = When the test was finished, we began our holiday. 2. The president assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow. = After the president was assassinated, the whole country was in deep sorrow.
1.____, we went home. A. Our homework finished B. Our homework having been finished C. Our homework finishing D. Our homework been finished
2.The meeting ____, he went back to his company. A. over B. been over C. was over D. have been over
表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构， 表伴随时，既可用分词的独立结构， 也可用with复合结构。 with +名词 复合结构。 也可用 复合结构 名词 (代词 现在分词 过去分词 形容词 代词)+现在分词 过去分词/形容词 代词 现在分词/过去分词 形容词/ 副词/不定式 介词短语 副词 不定式/介词短语 不定式
5. He left the room ____. A. with the door closing B. with the door closed C. with the door being closed
（一）独立主格结构的构成： 独立主格结构的构成： 名词(代词 现在分词 过去分词； 名词 代词)+现在分词、过去分词； 代词 现在分词、 名词(代词 形容词； 名词 代词)+形容词 代词 形容词； 名词(代词 副词 名词 代词)+副词； 代词 副词； 名词(代词 不定式 名词 代词)+不定式； 代词 不定式； 名词(代词 介词短语构成 名词 代词) +介词短语构成。 代词 介词短语构成。
He stood there, his hand raised. = He stood there, with his hand raise. The murder was brought in, with his hands ___ behind his back. A. being tied C. to be tied B. having tied D. tied.
独立主格结构的特点： （二） 独立主格结构的特点： 1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的 ） 主语不同，它独立存在。 主语不同，它独立存在。 2）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词， ）名词或代词与后面的分词，形容词，副词， 介词等是主谓关系。 不定 式，介词等是主谓关系。 3）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。 ）独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
permitting 本题中没有连词，它不是复合句，也不 本题中没有连词，它不是复合句， 是并列句。 句中使用了逗号， 小写， 是并列句。 句中使用了逗号，且we 小写，可知其不 是两个简单句。 是两个简单句。能够这样使用的只有独立主格或 with的复合结构。据此判断，本句中使用的是独立 的复合结构。据此判断， 的复合结构 结构， 其结构为：名词+分词 由于permit在这里 分词。 结构， 其结构为：名词 分词。 由于 在这里 翻译为‘天气允许’ 表主动, 用现在分词，故选B。 翻译为‘天气允许’，表主动, 用现在分词，故选B。 如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式， 如果不会判断独立结构作状语的形式，不妨将句子 改为条件句，例如本句改为 改为条件句，例如本句改为If weather permits, we'll go out for a walk. 然后将 去掉，再将谓语动词改为 然后将if 去掉， 非谓语动词即可。 非谓语动词即可。
2) 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时， 当表人体部位的词做逻辑主语时， 不及物动词用现在分 词，及物动词用 过去分词。 过去分词。 He lay there, his teeth set, his hand clenched, his eyes looking straight up.
Weather ___, we'll go out for a walk. A. permitted B. permitting C. permits D. for
独立主格结构使用介词的问题： 独立主格结构使用介词的问题： 当介词是in时，其前后的两个名词均不加任 当介词是 时 何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复 何成分（如物主代词或冠词），也不用复 ）， 的复合结构不受此限制。 数。但 with 的复合结构不受此限制。 A robber burst into the room, knife in hand. ( hand前不能加 前不能加his) 前不能加