山东科技大学理论基础2017—2019年考研真题
山东科技大学英语综合考研真题2017—2019年
Part I LinguisticsI. Give the definitions of the following terms. (20 scores)1. code-switching2. arbitrariness3. morpheme4. parole5. assimilation6. concord7. register8. inflection9. deep structure10. indirect speech actⅡ. Choose the correct answers. (20 scores)1. The study of language development over a period of time is generally termed as_____linguistics.A. appliedB. diachronicC. comparativeD. synchronic2. Which of the following sounds is a low front lax spread vowel?A. [a]B. [æ]C. [i]D. [e]3. Transformational Generative Grammar was introduced by ________ in 1957.A. L. BloomfieldB. F. SaussureC. N. ChomskyD. M. A. K. Halliday4. The word “globalization” is created by the _____ process.A. inventionB. blendingC. derivationD. compound5. The semantic components of the word “girl” can be expressed as _________.A.＋human,＋male,－adultB.＋human,－male,－adultC.＋human,＋male,＋adultD.＋human,－male,－adult6. In “Please pass me the salt”, the predicate is a ______predicate.A. One-placeB. Two-placeC. Three-placeD. No-place7. Which of the following take the social context into consideration?A. Universal grammar.B. performanceC. functional grammarD. Nativist theory8. What kind of function does the sentence “Nice to meet you” have?A. DirectiveB. PhaticC. InformativeD. Evocative9. In “老师是园丁，桃李满天下”，there are_______conceptual metaphor(s).A. 1B. 2C. noneD.310.--Do you like cheese?-- Of course, and the cat likes carrot.The answer violates the maxim of ______.A. qualityB. quantityC. relevanceD. mannerIII. True or False questions. (10 scores)1. Allophones in complementary distribution are free allophones .2. Every speaker has his own preferred expressions and special ways of expressing hisideas in language. This variety of individual users is called social dialect.3. Animals cannot talk about the things except those about food, danger, enemy, etc.because the communicative signals of animals do not have the property ofdisplacement.4. Connotative meaning of the same word may vary from individual to individual.5. Perlocutionary act is the act of expressing the speaker’s intention.6. “He broke the window” entails “the window was damaged”.7. Pidgin is a kind of interlanguage.8. “Under the table" is a subordinate endocentric construction.9. The smallest free unit in English is morpheme .10. According to IC analysis, single words and complete sentences are constituents.IV. Answer the following questions. (30 scores)1. Why is there no direct relations between signifier and signified in the semantictriangle? (6 scores)2. Is it justified to say that the meaning of a sentence is composed only of word senseand grammatical sense? (6 scores)3. Explain with examples the different types of antonyms in English. (6 scores)4. Explain the difference between homograph and polysemy with examples. (6 scores)5. Analyze the following sentences with IC analysis (6 scores)The hunters shot the rabbit with guns.The boy might lose his way.The dog went down the stairs and out of the door.V. Discussion. (10 scores)Illustrate the Sapir-Whorf hypothesis with examples.Part Two LiteratureI. Matching (16 scores)Section A Match the authors in Column I with the works in Column II.(8 scores) Column I Column II1. Theodore Dreiser A. The Scarlet Letter2. Eugene O’Neill B. Sister Carrie3. Herman Melville C. Women in Love4. William Faulkner D. Light in August5. Virginia Woolf E. The Hairy Ape6. G. B. Shaw F. Tom Jones7. Joseph Heller G. Moby Dick8. D. H. Laurence H. To the LighthouseI. Mrs. Warren’s ProfessionJ. Catch-22Section B Identify the works from which the quotations are from. (8 scores)Column I Column II9. It is a truth universally acknowledged that A. The Portrait of a Ladya single man in possession of good fortunemust be in want of a wife. B. Hamlet10. A man is not made for defeat. A man can bedestroyed but not defeated. C. A Tale of Two Cities11. Two roads diverged in a yellow wood,and sorry I could not travel both. D. “The Road Not Taken” 12. I was on his grave, my friends, that I resolved,before God, that I would never own another E. “Stopping by Woods on a slave, while it is possible to free him; that Snowy Evening”nobody, through me, should ever run the riskof being parted from home and friends, and F. “Ode to the West Wind”dying on a lonely plantation, as he died.13. If Winter comes, can Spring be far behind. G. “Of Studies”14. Reading maketh a full man; conference a readyman; and writing an exact man. H. Uncle Tom’s Cabin15.To be, or not to be—that is the question.16. It was the best of times, it was the worst I. Pride and Prejudiceof times; it was an age of wisdom, it wasthe age of foolishness; it was the epoch of J. Tom Sawyerbelief, it was the epoch of incredulity. . .II. Explain the following literary terms. (20 scores)17. Expressionism18. The Beat Generation19. The Graveyard School20. Heroic Couplet21. Black HumorIII. Read the quoted passages and answer the questions following them. (24 scores)Passage 1Do you think I will stay to become nothing to you? Do you think I am an automaton? A machine without feelings? And can bear to have my morsel of bread snatched from my lip, and my drop of living water dashed from my cup? Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain and little, I’m soulless and heartless? You think wrong!I have as much soul as you, and full as much heart! And if God had gifted me some beauty and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you. I’m not talking to you now through the medium of custom, conventionality, nor even of mortal flesh; it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at the God’s feet, equal, as we are!Questions: From which work is the passage selected? And who is the author of this work? What are the names of the hero and heroine? What point of view is adopted in this novel? Please comment on the image of the heroine or the theme of the novel with feminism.Passage 2When I Heard the Learn’d Astronomerby Walt WhitmanWhen I heard the learn’d astronomer,When the proofs, the figures, were ranged in columns before me,When I was shown the charts and diagrams, to add, divide, and measure them,When I sitting heard the astronomer where he lectured with much applause inthe lecture-room,How soon unaccountable I became tired and sick,Till rising and gliding out I wander’d off by myself，In the mystical moist night-air, and from time to time，Look’d up in perfect silence at the stars.Questions: Manifest details of the astronomer’s lecture and the poet’s response to it. How is the poet’s view on stars different from that of the astronomer? Present various meanings they have about universe because of their different perspectives.Part I LinguisticsI.Give the definitions of the following terms(20points)nguage2.Cultural transmission3.Pidgin4.Phoneme5.Agreement6.Consonant7.Deep structurenguage transfer9.Indirect speech acts10.SemanticsII.Choose the correct answer(20points)1.The sense relation between the two words“died”and“killed”is__.A.synonymyB.polysemyC.hyponymyD.co-hyponymy2.The distinction between“langue”and“parole”was introduced by_____.A.BloomfieldB.F.SaussureC.N.ChomskyD.M.A.K.Halliday3.Which of the following is not a correct description of[f]?A.voicelessB.fricativeC.palatalbiodental4.The word“e-mail”is a________in terms of word-formation.poundB.borrowingC.inventionD.blending5.Every speaker has his own pet words and expressions and special way of expressing his ideas in language.This variety of individual users is called______.A.social dialectB.regional dialectC.temporal dialectD.ethnic dialect6.Utterances often influence the feelings or actions of the audience,which Austin calls the performance of a/an_________________.A.locutionary actB.perlocutionary actC.illocutionary actD.performative act7.What kind of function does the sentence“Stand up”have?A.directiveB.phaticrmativeD.evocative8.The underlined part in the word“submit”is a_____________.A.bound rootB.free morphemeC.suffixD.stem9.In“He has become a man”,what is communicated in the second“man”is called___________.A.connotative meaningB.social meaningC.affective meaningD.conceptual meaning10.The study of language development over a period of time is generally termed as _____linguistics.A.appliedB.diachronicparativeD.synchronicIII.True or false Questions(10points)1.In English,long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a longvowel such as/i:/,the larynx is in a state of tension.2.The smallest meaningful unit of language is morpheme.3.Metaphor and metonymy are two major ways for semantic broadening.4.There is no such a thing as category of aspect in Chinese.5.British English is standard dialect while American English is one regional dialect.6.“His daughter is a teacher”entails“He has a daughter”.7.“Kicking the ball”is an endocentric construction with“kicking”as its head.8.In English,we have five long vowels.9.Tenor is about the relations between the participants in the communication.10.Age,personality,motivation and attitude are all considered variables influencingSLA.IV.Answer the following questions briefly.(20points)1.Try to explain the semantic triangle.(5points)2.Explain with examples the various types of antonyms in English.(5points)3.Which version of the Sapir-Whorf Hypothesis do you agree with?Why?(5points)4.Analyze the following sentences with IC analysis.(5scores)The boy might take my advice.(2)The professor taught linguistics at this university.(3)V.Discussion(20points)1.Primates like Chimpanzees have been trained to communicate with human withbody gestures.What do you think are the differences between this kind of“language”and our language.(10)2.Analyze B’s answer in terms of Grice’s Cooperative Principle.(10)A:Tehran is in Turkey,isn’t it,teacher?B:Yes,dear.And London is in American,I suppose.Part Two LiteratureI.Matching(16points)Section A Match the authors in Column I with the works in Column II.(8points) Column I Column II1.Arthur Miller A.Lord Jim2.Henry James B.The School for Scandal3.James Fennimore Cooper C.Ivanhoe4.Richard Brinsley Sheridan D.Death of a Salesmanwrence E.The Wings of the Dove6.George Eliot F.Vanity Fair7.Joseph Conrad G.The Last of the Mohicans8.Jack London H.The Call of the Wilddy Chatterlay’s LoverJ.The Mill on the FlossSection B Identify the works from which the quotations are from.(8points)Column I Column II9.The curfew tolls the knell of parting day, A.The Pilgrim’s ProgressThe lowing herd wind slowly o’er the lea,The plowman homeward plods his weary way,And leaves the world to darkness and to me. B.Moby Dick10.As I walked through the wilderness of thisworld,I lighted on a certain place wherewas a den,and I laid me down in that place C.“A Valediction:to sleep;and,as I slept,I dreamed a dream.Forbidding Mourning”11.If they be two,they are two soAs stiff twin compasses are two;Thy soul,the fixed foot,makes no show D.“Elegy Written in aTo move,but doth,of th’other do.Country Churchyard”12.The artist is the creator of beautiful things.To reveal art and conceal the artist is art’s aim.13.We hold these truths to be self-evident, E.“Stopping by Woods onthat all men are created equal,that a Snowy Evening”they are endowed by their Creator withcertain unalienable Rights,that amongthese are Life,Liberty and the pursuit F.“The Road Not Taken”of Happiness.14.They were careless people,Tom andDaisy---they smashed up things andcreatures and then retreated back G.Uncle Tom’s Cabininto their money or their vast carelessnessor whatever it was that kept them together,and let other people clean up the H.“Declaration ofmess they had made.Independence”15.Whose woods these are I think I know.His house is in the village,though;He will not see me stopping here I.The Picture of Dorian Gray To watch his woods fill up with snow.16.Call me Ishmael.Some years ago--never mind how long precisely--J.The Great Gatsbyhaving little or no money in my purse,and nothing particular to interest me on shore,I thought I would sail about a little and seethe watery part of the world.II.Explain the following literary terms.(20points)17.Blank verse18.Neoclassicism19.The Lost Generation20.Local Colorism21.SoliloquyIII.Read the quoted passages and answer the questions following them.(24points)Passage1Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day?Thou art more lovely and more temperate.Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May,And summer’s lease hath all too short a date.Sometime too hot the eye of heaven shines,And often is his gold complexion dimm’d;And every fair from fair sometime declines,By chance or nature’s changing course untrimm’d;But thy eternal summer shall not fadeNor lose possession of that fair thou ow’st;Nor shall Death brag thou wander’st in his shade,When in eternal lines to time thou grow’st:So long as men can breathe or eyes can see,So long lives this,and this gives life to thee.Questions:Who is the author of this poem?What are the features of this kind of poem? Analyze its rhyme scheme and comment on its theme.(12points)Passage2It is a truth universally acknowledged that a single man in possession of a good fortune must be in want of a wife.However little known the feelings or views of such a man may be on his first entering a neighbourhood,this truth is so well fixed in the minds of the surrounding families,that he is considered as the rightful property of some one or other of their daughters.”Questions:What is the title of the novel?Who is the author?Summarize the story of the novel in brief language and comment the artistic features of this author.(12points)Part A LinguisticsI.Give the definitions of the following terms.(10points)1.Displacementpetence3.Minimal pairs4.Concord5.Diachronic linguisticsII.Choose the correct answers.(20points）1.Which of the following is a study of morphology?A.assimilationB.homonymyC.motivationD.inflection2.Which of the following is an initialism?A.UNESCOB.WI-FIC.APECD.VIP3.The function of the sentence“Nasty weather,isn’t it?”is______A.DirectiveB.PhaticrmativeD.interrogative4.Which of the following expressions is not derived from LOVE IS A WAR?A.情敌B.白头偕老C.赢得芳心D.你伤害了我，却一笑而过5.Which of the following sounds is a voiceless labio-dental fricative?A.[p]B.[k]C.[f]D.[v]6.Which design feature means language is learnt instead of being encoded in ourgenes?A.productionB.interchangeabilityC.cultural transmissionD.arbitrariness7．The difference between“老伙计”and“老朋友”lies in________.A.originB.collocationC.styleD.degree8.A female teacher speaks in different ways to her daughter and to her students.Thiscan be explained by___________.A.code-switchingB.registerC.bilingualismD.motivation9.“壁咚”is created from_________.A.blendingB.acronymC.borrowingD.Invention10.The relationship between the two words“residence”and“apartment”is_____.A.synonymyB.polysemyC.hyponymyD.co-hyponymyIII.True or False(10points)1.The study of language development over a period of time is generally termed assynchronic linguistics.2.Pragmatics is the application of linguistic theories to language teaching and learning.3.The root of unhappiness is happy.4.There are five long vowels in Englsh.5.“上级”and“下级”are complementary antonymy.6.The smallest unit in English is morpheme.7.Adjectives and complete sentences are all constituents.8.“I chased the dog”and“I am chasing the dog”are derived form the same deepstructure.9.“He is dead”presupposes“He was murdered”.10.Derivational morphemes are all bound morphemes.IV.Answer the following questions.(40points)1.Explain with examples the classification of antonyms in English.2.What is the problem with the referential theory?.3.Analyze the implicature in the following dialogue in terms of Grice’s CooperativePrinciple.Father:What are you eating?Mother(with the3-year-old daughter around):An I-C-E-C-R-E-A-M.4.What is the relationship between language and culture?5.Explain the ambiguity of the following sentence with IC analysis.The Seniors were told to stop demonstrating on campus.V.Discussion(10points)Is sign language(手语)a language?Part B LiteratureI.Matching(16points)Section A Match the authors in Column I with the works in Column II.(8points) Column I Column II1.Daniel Defoe A.Middlemarch:A Study of Provincial Life2.Oliver Goldsmith B.A Passage to India3.Oscar Wilde C.Invisible Man4.E.M.Forster D.Moll Flanders5.Henry James E.Emma6.Joseph Rudyard Kipling F.The Importance of Being Earnest7.Ralph Ellison G.Jude the Obscure8.Thomas Hardy H.The Golden BowlI.The Vicar of WakefieldJ.The Jungle BookSection B Identify the works from which the quotations are from.(8points)Column I Column II9.Can storied urn or animated bustBack to its mansion call the fleeting breath? A.The Great Gatsby Can Honour’s voice provoke the silent dustOr Flattert soothe the dull cold ear of Death?10.It beareth the name of Vanity Fair because the B.“My Last Duchess”town where it is kept is lighter than vanity;and also because all that there is sold,or thatcometh thither,is vanity.As is the saying of C.“Elegy Written in a the wise,“All that cometh is vanity.”Country Churchyard”11.My first quarter at Lowood seemed an age;andnot the golden age either;it composed an irksomestruggle with difficulties in habituating myself tonew rules and unwonted tasks. D.Jane Eyre12.I shall ever bear about me a memory of the manysolemn hours I thus spent alone with the master ofthe House of Usher.Yet I should fail in any attemptto convey an idea of the exact character of the E.Great Expectations studies or of the occupations,in which he involved meor led me the way.13.But all this part of it seemed remote and unessential.I found myself on Gatsby’s side,and alone.From F.Mrs Warren’s Professionthe moment I telephoned news of the catastrophe toWest Egg village,every surmise about him,and everypractical question,was referred to me.14.Oh sir,she smiled,no doubt,Whene’er I passed her;but who passed without G.“The Fall of the Much the same smile?This grew;I gave commands;House of Usher”Then all smiles stopped together.15.Most mighty Emperor of Liliput,delight and terror H.Robinson Crusoeof the universe,whose dominions extend fivethousand blustrugs(about twelve miles in circumference)to the extremities of the globe;Monarch of all Monarchs;taller than the sons of men;whose feet press down tothe center,and whose head strikes against the sun;at I.The Pilgrim’s Progress whose nod the princes of the earth shake their knees;pleasant as spring,comfortable as summer,fruitful asautumn,dreadful as winter.16.Then where are our relatives?My father?Our family friends?You claim the rights of a mother;the right to call me fooland child;to speak to me as no woman in authority over J.Gulliver’s Travels me at college dare speak to me;to dictate my way of life;and to force on me the acquaintance of a brute whom anyonecan see to be the most vicious sort of London man about town.II.Explain the following literary terms.(20points)17.Puritanism18.Theatre of the Absurd19.Metaphysical Conceit20.Romanticism21.Local ColorismIII.Read the quoted passages and answer the questions following them.(24points)Passage1Some say the world will end in fireSome say in ice.From what I’ve tasted of desire,I hold with those who favor fire,But if it had to be perish twice,I think I know enough of hateTo say that for destruction iceIs also great,And would suffice.22.Questions:What type of poem does this poem belong to?What is the symbolic meaning of the fire and ice?What is the possible way to solve the problem?Passage2I shall now therefore humbly propose my own thoughts,which I hope will not be liable to the least objection.I have been assured by a very knowing American of my acquaintance in London, that a young healthy child well nursed is at a year old a most delicious,nourishing,and wholesome food,whether stewed,roasted,baked,or boiled;and I make no doubt that it will equally serve in a fricassee or a ragout.I do therefore humbly offer it to public consideration that of the hundred and twenty thousand children,already computed,twenty thousand may be reserved for breed,whereof only one fourth part to be males,which is more than we allow to sheep, black cattle,or swine;and my reason is that these children are seldom the fruits of marriage,a circumstance not much regarded by our savages,therefore one male will be sufficient to serve four females.That the remaining hundred thousand may at a year old be offered in sale to the person of quality and fortune through the kingdom,always advising the mother to let them suck plentifully in the last month,so as to render them plump and fat for a good table.A child will make two dishes at an entertainment for friends，and when the family dines alone,the fore or hind quarter will make a reasonable dish;and seasoned with a little pepper or salt will be very good boiled on the fourth day,especially in winter.23.Questions:What is the author’s proposal?What do you think is his real idea behind it?What kind of tone is shown in the passage?Explain it with specific quotations from the passage.。
山东科技大学基础英语考研真题2017—2019年
PART I GRAMMAR & VOCABULARY (20 points)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this section. Beneath each sentence there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Choose one word or phrase that best completes the sentence.1. The final component in the involvement factor focuses broadly on worker attitudes in _____ to motivation.A. proportionB. relationC. responseD. addition2. Poor health and lack of money may both be _____ to educational progress.A. restraintsB. scarcitiesC. contemptsD. barriers3. By signing the lease you made a (n)_____ to pay $ 400 a month rent.A. responsibilityB. commitmentC. dutyD. action4. They have always been on good _____ with their next-door neighbors.A. friendshipB. relationshipC. termsD. connection5. Many people stood outside the church during the funeral to pay _____ to the late president.A. acknowledgmentB. forbearanceC. revenueD. respect6. The shortage of adult male laborers, who were needed for agriculture, contributed to the _____ of child laborers.A. exploitationB. explorationC. explosionD. exposition7. The students showed _____ when solving the difficult math's problems.A. validityB. purityC. ingenuityD. reliability8. Your kindness in giving _____ to the consideration of the above problem will be highly appreciated.A. advantageB. importanceC. accommodationD. priority9. The _____ at the Campus Motel were not only adequate but also inexpensive.A. registrationsB. accommodationsC. reservationsD. confirmations10. Such fine-tuned strategies can only bear _____ when countries are ready to take the first step by addressing deeply set biases in their societies.A. fruitB. resultC. influenceD. interest11. Enraged by the killing of two comrades in an ambush, Serbian attackers went on a rampage, _____ 12 people they captured.D.shearingshatteringA. slaughteringB. shiveringC.12. The company lost the contract for making the clothes and _____ half its workers.A. laid outB. laid offC. laid downD. laid into13. They should never be allowed to _____ their authority and position.A. abuseB. abaseC. clarifyD. clamp14. Because of lack of proper education, a lot of local people are _____; some of them can’t even write their own names.A. literaryB. literateC. illiterateD. literal15. People who think they’re always being _____ may be suffering from a mental illness.A. extendedB. exploredC. pinchedD. persecuted16. He is not to blame because he was _____ of the new rules which were passed during his absence.A. cautiousB. consciousC. ashamedD. ignorant17. I will join the research group, _____ that my husband joins it too.A. providingB. providesC. being providedD. to provide18. _____ conventional black ink costs newspapers about thirty cents a pound, most rub resistant inks add at least ten cents more per pound to the bill.WhileA. MeanwhileB. MoreoverC.Furthermore D.19. The physicians must deal with _____ an enormous variety of human ailments that much of the time they can only apply hundreds upon hundreds of rules learned mostly by rote.sincebecause D.A. suchB. althoughC.20. I won’t have a brandy, thank you. It is not that I don’t drink, _____that I don’t drink and drive.A. but alsoB. but ratherC. otherwiseD. but because21. The dispute between the administration and the faculty members was not resolved _____ the faculty members got better working conditions.A. whenB. untilC. asD. because22. The power of the tycoons is rooted in their ownership of the economy, _____ is the norm in most societies.A. asB. forC. sinceD. because23. We went home for a coffee,_____ Tom became violently ill with food poisoning.as C.whereuponyet D.B.A.since24. The view _____ man in any sense rules over nature inevitably presumes that nature is not itself divine.A. thatB. whichC. whatD. whether25. The Pope is, in Catholic belief, a direct successor of St. Peter’s, the rock on _____ Jesus Christ built his church.A. whatB. whichC. whoseD. whom26. _____ your request for a refund, we have referred the matter to our manager.A. In regard ofB. In regard forC. With regard forD. With regard to27. The children kept quiet, _____ consideration for their mother who had a stomachache.A. out ofB. forC. ofD. from。
山东科技大学艺术与设计学院《理论基础》历年考研真题汇编
目 录2018年山东科技大学《理论基础》考研真题2019年山东科技大学《理论基础》考研真题2018年山东科技大学《理论基础》考研真题一、名词解释（6小题，每题5分，共30分）1、工艺美术运动2、装饰艺术运动3、解构主义4、波普设计运动5、米斯的少即是多6、贝聿铭二、简答题（3小题，每题10分，共30分）1、何为系统设计？这种设计方法有什么益处?2、试分析国际主义风格和现代主义设计风格的联系与区别？3、包豪斯的历史作用及影响。
三、作品分析（在下面四个小题中自选2小题答题，每题20分，共40分）1、图一是斯堪的纳维亚国家的设计作品，请做简要设计分析，2、图二是约瑟夫,帕克斯顿的设计作品，请做简要设计分析。
3、图三是日本设计师福田繁雄的设计作品，请做简要设计分析。
4、图四是里特维斯的设计作品，请做简要设计分析.图一图二图三图四四、综合论述（在下面四个小题中自选2小题答题，每题25分，共50分）1、结合所学专业，试述“艺术”与“技术”在设计中的相互关系.2、论述当代设计的前沿思想与未来设计的发展趋势.3、论述乌尔姆设计学院的设计教育对其后世的影响。
4、从设计实例入手，分析消费与设计艺术的关系。
2019年山东科技大学《理论基础》考研真题一、名词解释（&题，每题5分，共30分）1、“装饰艺术”运动2、德国工业同盟3、有计划的废止制度4、人体工程学5、荷兰“风格派”运动6、新现代主义设计二、简答题（3题，每题10分，共30分）1、简述20世纪3。
年代，流线型运动在美国汽车制造业中的应用。
2、简述解构主义的形式实质。
3、简述“波普”设计运动的产生背景和表现形式，三、作品分析（在下面四个小题中选2题回答，每题20分，共40分）1、分折流水别墅的造型特征和建筑理念，2、分析德国AEG企业形象设计中的平面设计、产品设计和厂房设计。
3、分折巴特罗公寓中包含的设计元素及设计理念.4、从科学性与艺术性两方面分析PH系列灯具设计。
山东科技大学考研真题
Part I Reading Comprehension (2*25=50 points)Directions: There are five passages in this section. Each passage is followed by some questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Decide on the best choice.Passage 1Children learn almost nothing from television, and the more they watch the less they remember. They regard television purely as entertainment, resent programs that demand on them and are surprised that anybody should take the medium seriously. Far from being over-excited by programs, they are mildly bored with the whole thing. These are the main conclusions from a new study of children and television. The author——Cardiac Cullingford confirms that the modern child is a dedicated viewer. The study suggests that there is little point in the later hours. More than a third of the children regularly watch their favorite programs after 9 p.m. All 11-year-olds have watched programs after midnight.Apart from the obvious waste of time involved, it seems that all this viewing has little effect. Children don’t pay close attention, says Cullingford, and they can recall few details. They can remember exactly which programs they have seen but they can rarely explain the elements of a particular plot. “Reca ll was in reverse proportion to the amount they had watched”. It is precisely because television, unlike a teacher, demands so little attention and response that children like it, argues Cullingford. Programs seeking to put over serious messages are strongly disliked. So are people who frequently talk on screen. What children like most, and remember best, are the advertisements. They see them as short programs in their own right and particularly enjoy humorous presentation. But again, they react strongly against high-pressure advertisements that attempt openly to influence them.On the other hand, they are not emotionally involved in the programs. If they admire the stars, it is because the actors lead glamorous lives and earn a lot of money, not because of their fictional skills with fast cars and shooting villains. They are perfectly clear about the functions of advertisements; by the age of 12, only one in 10 children believes what even favorite ads say about the product. And says Cullingford, educational television is probably least successful of all in imparting attitudes or information.1. The study of children and television shows that_______.A. it is useless for television companies to delay adult viewing to the later hours.B. It is a waste of time for children to watch adult programs on TV.C. Children should not watch television programs late into the night.D. Children are supposed to learn a lot from television programs.2. “Recall was in reverse proportion to the amount they had watched” (in Para.2) has almost the same meaning as________.A. “the more they watch the less they remember”. (in Para. 1)B. “Programs seeking to put over serious messages are strongly disliked”. (in Para. 2)C.“They see them as short programs in their own right”. (in Para. 2)D. “educational television is probably least successful of all in imparting attitudes or information”. (in Para. 3)3. Which of the following is NOT true according to the new study of children and television?A. Some children stay up late to watch the programs they likeB. Children enjoy watching challenging programs.C. Children don’t like serious messages and high-pressured ads.D. Though children like watching ads, most of them don't believe what ads say about the product.4. Cullingford concludes that_______.A. children are excited when they watch TV.B. Watching TV has little real effect on children.C. Parents should spend less time watching TV.D. Parents should be worried about the effect of TV on children.5. Whom would the result of the new study upset?A. The advertisers.B. The children viewers.C. The movie stars.D. The educators.Passage 2Mrs. Lester kept on asking her husband to take her to the ballet. Mr. Lester hates the ballet, but when his employers invited him and his wife, he could not get out of it. As they drove to the theatre that evening, the fog got worse and worse. The traffic slowed down to a walking pace and almost stopped. When they eventually got to the theatre, the ballet was over. Mrs. Lester could not work out how it had taken them so long to get there, even taking the fog into account. The theatre was within walking distance of their house. It took her a long time to get over the disappointment.A month later, Mrs. Lester found out what had happened. Mr. Lester told a friend of his that he had taken wrong turning on purpose. This friend told his wife, and the wife immediately went around to tell Mrs. Lester. The two women began to plan revenge. One day, when Mr. Lester was not in, they broke into his study, which he always locked. His hobby was collecting old coins. Mrs. Lester had already worked out how much his collection was worth: $850! They were taking some coins out of the case when they heard a car pull upoutside the house. Mrs. Lester quickly switched the light off, and they waited, holding their breath. The front door opened and Mr. Lester came in. They heard him take his coat off. He walked towards the study door and opened it. There was no chance for the women to get away without being seen. Mr. Lester switched the light on and was astounded to see his wife standing there with a handful of valuable coins. It took both husband and wife a long time to get over this.6. Which of the following is correct?A. Mr. Lester likes to watch ballet.B. Mrs. Lester likes to watch ballet.C. Both of them like to watch balletD. Neither of them likes to watch ballet.7. It was quite ____when they drove to the theatre.A. rainyB. stormyC. cloudyD. foggy8. The theater is _____from Mr. and Mrs. L ester’s.A. an hour-drivingB. in the other side of the cityC. very nearD. half an hour of bicycle riding9. The wife of Mr. Lester’s friend is a_____.A. social workerB. house cleanerC. baby sitterD. gossip10. How many persons are mentioned in this story?A. ThreeB. FourC. FiveD. Six.Passage 3Educating girls quite possibly yields a higher rate of return than any other investment available in the developing world. Women’s education may be unusual terri tory for economists, but enhancing women’s contribution to development is actually as much an economic as a social issue. And economics, with its emphasis on incentives, provides guideposts that point to an explanation for why so many girls are deprived of an education.Parents in low-income countries fail to invest in their daughters because they do not expect them to make an economic contribution to the family: girls grow up only to marry into somebody else’s family and bear children. Girls are thus se en as less valuable than boys and are kept at home to do housework while their brothers are sent to school-the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling, trapping women in a vicious circle of neglect.An educated mother, on the other hand, has greater earning abilities outside the home and faces an entirely different set of choices. She is likely to have fewer but healthier children and can insist on the development of all her children, ensuring that her daughters are given a fair chance. The education of her daughters then makes it much more likely that the next generation of girls, as well as of boys, will be educated and healthy. The vicious circle is thus transformed into a virtuous circle.Few will dispute that educating women has great social benefits. But it has enormous economic advantages as well. Most obviously, there is the direct effect of education on the wages of female workers. Wages rise by 10 to 20 per cent for each additional year of schooling. Such big returns are impressive by the standard of other available investments, but they are just the beginning. Educating women also has a significant impact on health practices, including family planning.11. The author argues that educating girls in developing countries is _______.A. rewardingB. troublesomeC. expensiveD. labor-saving12. By saying “... the prophecy becomes self-fulfilling...” (Para. 2), the author means that __.A. girls will eventually find their goals in life beyond reachB. girls will be increasingly discontented with their life at homeC. girls will be capable of realizing their own dreamsD. girls will turn out to be less valuable than boys13. The author believes that a vicious circle can turn into a virtuous circle when _______.A. women care more about educationB. parents can afford their daughters’ educationC. girls can gain equal access to educationD. a family has fewer but healthier children14. What does the author say about women’s education?A. It has aroused the interest of a growing number of economists.B. It will yield greater returns than other known investments.C. It is now given top priority in many developing countries.D. It deserves greater attention than other social issues.15. The passage mainly discusses _______.A. unequal treatment of boys and girls in developing countriesB. the major contributions of educated women to societyC. the economic and social benefits of educating womenD. the potential earning power of well-educated womenPassage 4David Thomson is an electronics technician, trained by the U.S. Navy, who writes instruction books for complicated equipment. He believes that every person is surrounded by a force field that can broadcast emotions to other human beings. The ability to receive such fo rce fields, Thomson believes, explains how one can sense another’s fear, nervousness, aggression, panic, or friendliness.This theory of emotional communication occurred to Thomson when he told a psychiatrist, Dr. Jack Ward, that he was certain his own hypertension made those near him uncomfortable. To demonstrate the theory, Thomson constructed a transmitter capable ofgenerating an electromagnetic field similar to that of a man beset by hyper anxiety. For a year, with this in his pocket, Thomson made people miserable. He would find a hungry man delightedly preparing to eat a steak in a restaurant, turn on the transmitter, and watch as the man became tense and irritable and finally left with his steak uneaten. In another test, Thomson cleared a crowded room in fifteen minutes. Such an exodus could not be due, Thomson observed, to personality problems alone.Dr. Ward, who had become Thomson’s partner, insisted that there was already misery enough in the world. Thomson fashioned a “happiness transmitter,” which can duplicate the force field of a contented man. University psychologists in the United States report some encouraging results in current tests of the Thomson-and-Ward transmitter.The “happiness machine” has many possibilities. Thomson has speculated on its use near disturbed or anxious patients in hospitals, and in unruly crowds. Tranquility, like panic and violence, may be contagious.16. The theory is based on belief in the existence of______.A. complicated equipmentB. individual force fieldsC. nervousnessD. aggression17. The theory occurred to Thomson because he was convinced that people near him .A. could hypnotize himB. could make him feel uncomfortableC. were reading his thoughts D were affected by his hypertension18. For his first demonstrations, Thomson chose people who____.A. were in a happy moodB. seemed hyper anxiousC. were aggressiveD. Both B and C19. The Thomson-and-Ward transmitter was constructed because____.A. university psychologists suggested itB. the “misery machine” had not workedC. Dr. Ward felt there was misery enoughD. Police forces asked for it20. Thomson has speculated on_____.A. some helpful uses of a “happiness machine”B. possi ble wrongful uses of a “happiness machine”C. the disadvantages of a tranquil populationD. the final report on the psychologists’ testsPassage 5Does a bee know what is going on in its mind when it navigates its way to distant food sources and back to the hive, using polarized sunlight and the tiny magnet it carries as a navigational aid? Or is the bee just a machine, unable to do its mathematics and dance its language in any other way? To use Dondald Griffin’s term, does a bee have “awareness”, or to use a phrase I like better, can a bee think and imagine?There is an experiment for this, or at least an observation, made long ago by Karl von Firsch and more recently confirmed by James Gould in Princeton. Biologists who wish to study such things as bee navigation, language, and behavior in general have to train their bees to fly from the hive to one or another special place. To do this, they begin by placing a source of sugar very close to the hive so that the bees (considered by their trainers to be very dumb beasts) can learn what the game is about. Then, at regular interval, the dish or whatever is moved progressively farther and farther from the hive, in increments of about 25 percent at each move. Eventually, the target is being moved 100 feet or more at a jump, very far from the hive. Sooner or later, while this process is going on, the biologist shifting the dish of sugar will find the bees are out there waiting for them, precisely where the next position had been planned. This is an uncomfortable observation to make.21. The best title for the passage is_____A. Teaching the Bees to NavigateB. Testing the Awareness of BeesC. Navigational Techniques of BeesD. Behaviorists Versus Biologists: A Zoological Debate22. The word “awareness” in Paragrap h One appears in quotation marks in order to ____A. show the author’s preference for the termB. indicate that it is being used humorouslyC. acknowledge Donald Griffin’s previous use of the termD. point out that it was used differently earlier in the passage23. In the second paragraph Karl von Frisch is mentionedA. to introduce his observation on bee behaviorB. to contrast his theories with those of James GouldC. acknowledge Donald Griffin’s previous use of the termD. point out that it was used differently earlier in the passage24. According to the author, sugar was used in the study______A. to reward the bees for performing the experiment correctlyB. to train the bees to travel to a particular placeC. to ensure that the bees knew where the hive wasD. to ensure that the bees would obey the orders25. The result of the experiment explained in the passage seems to indicate that______A. research using bees is too dangerous to be conducted successfullyB. bees are unable to navigate beyond 100 feet their hiveC. scientists can teach bees to navigateD. bees are able to perform limited reasoning tasksPart II Vocabulary and Structure (0.5*40=20 points)Directions: There are 40 incomplete sentences in this part. For each sentence there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the ONE that best completes the sentence.1. If you lie once, people will think of you as a liar and interpret your remarks ______.A. certainlyB. accordinglyC. approximatelyD. appropriately2. The lightning flashed and thunder ______.A. bumpedB. struckC. collidedD. crashed3. Success in money-making is not always a good ______ of real success in life.A. essenceB. qualificationC. decreeD. criterion4. Because a circle has no beginning or end, the wedding ring is a symbol of ______ love.A. extravagantB. prominentC. eternalD. sincere5. This is a complete ______ for enforcing the new welfare regulations.A. legislationB. blueprintC. leaseD. penalty6. The policeman tried to ______ the teenage driver to obey the traffic laws rather than fine him directly.A. induceB. perplexC. indulgeD. lure7. He kept making ______ remarks instead of straight forward yes-or-no replies.A. opaqueB. ambiguousC. doubtfulD. oriental8. The managing director took the _____ for the accident, although it was not really his fault.A. guiltB. claimC. blameD. accusation9. There is something wrong with my TV set, I must have it ______.A. checkingB. checkC. to checkD. checked10. All flights ______ because of the storm, they decided to take the train.A. having cancelledB. were cancelledC. have been cancelledD. having been cancelled11. At last they succeeded ______ the job.A. to persuade him toB. in persuading him to takeC. to persuade him takingD. in persuading him taking12. The electric shaver ______ before it can be used.A. needs repairingB. requires to repairB. should be in repair D. has to be repairable13. You can fly to London this evening ______ you don’t mind changing planes in Paris.A. providedB. exceptC. unlessD. so far as14. The factory ______ next year will be one of the largest in this city.A. to buildB. to be builtC. being builtD. having been built15. Don’t say anything at the meeting unless ______.A. askingB. askedC. being askedD. to be asked16. There are several ______ leaves on the ground.A. fallingB. fallenC. to fallD. fell17. The price was very reasonable; I would gladly have paid ______ he asked.A. three times much asB. three times as many asC. as three times much asD. three times as much as18. We’d better wait ______, Peter and Tom will come very soon.A. a little longerB. more longerC. longD. as longer19. The doctors have tried ______ to save the life of the wounded soldier.A. everything possible humanlyB. humanly everything possibleC. everything humanly possibleD. humanly possible everything20. I was worried very muc h because I’ll miss my flight if the bus arrives ______.A. latelyB. lateC. latterD. more later21. It is ______ that I would like to go to the beach.A. so nice weatherB. such nice weatherC. so nice a weatherD. such a nice weather22. The reason why so many people sit before the television tonight is that there will be a______ show.A. livingB. liveC. aliveD. lived23. I ______ go to bed until I ______ finished my work.A. don’t/hadB. didn’t/haveC. didn’t/hadD. don’t/have24. The students in the classroom ______ not to make so much noise.A. needB. oughtC. mustD. dare25. The differences between ______ are gradually being eliminated.A. the town and the countryB. town and countryC. a town and a countryD. a town and the country26. We have produced ______ this year as we did in 1993.A. as much cotton twiceB. as twice much cottonC. much as twice cottonD. twice as much cotton27. ______ of the buildings were ruined.A. Three fourthB. Three fourC. Three-fourthsD. Three-four28. She went to the countryside ______.A. in the morning at nine / on June first, 1968B. on June first, 1968 / in the morning at nineC. at nine in the morning / on June first, 1968D. on June first, 1968 / at nine in the morning29. Three-fourths of the surface of the earth ______ covered with water.A. areB. isC. wereD. be30. The Olympic Games are held ______.A. every four yearsB. every four yearC. every fourth yearsD. every four-years31. ______, wherever he lives, a man belongs to some society.A. For shortB. In shortC. Of shortD. On short32. Tom has been sad recently, for his plan to go to college _____ at the last moment.A. fell outB. fell behindC. fell inD. fell through33. David likes country life and has decided to ______ farming.A. go in forB. go intoC. go throughD. go after34. Classroom testing, if well done, most certainly ___ a stimulus to study and real learning.A. acts forB. acts onC. acts asD. acts to35. The French pianist who had been praised very highly ____ to be a great disappointment.A. turned upB. turned inC. turned outD. turned down36. We regret to inform you that the materials you ordered are ______.A. out of workB. out of reachC. out of practiceD. out of stock37. A man who could ______ such treatment was a man of remarkable physical courage andmoral strength.A. bear uponB. insist onC. stand up toD. persist in38. Is his action consistent ______ his principles?A. withB. inC. ofD. by39. A foreign firm has bought more than half of the shares in his company and ______.A. got over itB. overtaken itC. taken it overD. overcome it40. Some animals will modify their behavior to ______ their environment.A. adapt toB. adopt toC. suit toD. conform toPart III Writing (30 points)Directions: For this part, you are to write a composition on the title of Sending Kids to Study Abroad.You should write at least 400 words and you should base your composition on the outline (given in Chinese) below.1．越来越多的家长把孩子送去国外读书2．这样做的好处和缺点3．我的观点。
山东科技大学708理论基础2017-2018年考研专业课真题试卷
一、名词解释（6小题，每题5分，共30分）
1、工艺美术运动
2、装饰艺术运动
3、解构主义
4、波普设计运动
5、米斯的少即是多
6、贝聿铭
二、简答题（3小题，每题10分，共30分）
1、何为系统设计？这种设计方法有什么益处？
2、试分析国际主义风格和现代主义设计风格的联系与区别？
3、包豪斯的历史作用及影响。
三、作品分析（在下面四个小题中自选2小题答题，每题20分，共40分）
1、图一是斯堪的纳维亚国家的设计作品，请做简要设计分析。
2、图二是约瑟夫·帕克斯顿的设计作品，请做简要设计分析。
3、图三是日本设计师福田繁雄的设计作品，请做简要设计分析。
4、图四是里特维斯的设计作品，请做简要设计分析。
图一 山东科技大学
2018年硕士研究生入学考试试题
考试科目：理论基础科目代码：708。
山东科技大学工程经济学考研真题2017—2019年
二、计算题（60 分） 1、年利率 12%，每半年计息一次，1024 元借款，15 年后的将来值是多少？（5 分） 2、年利率 12%，每月计息一次，为在 12 年后获得 120000 元款项，现在应存入银 行多少？（5 分） 3、某人每季度末借款 1200 元，年利率为 8％，每季度计息一次。第 16 年末借款为 多少？（5 分） 4、某厂欲积累一笔福利基金，用于 8 年后建造职工浴室，此项投资总额为 600 万元， 年利率 8%，每季度计息一次，每季度末应该存款多少？（5 分） 5、借款 280000 元，得到借款后的第一月月末开始归还，连续 5 年，分 60 次还清， 年利率 12%，每月计息一次，每月还款金额是多少？（5 分） 6、现在如果以年利率 12%投资，今后 6 年中把本利和在每年年末以相等的数额提 取 3000 元，每季度计息一次，那么现在应该投资多少？（5 分） 7、某人借了 10000 元，打算在 48 个月内以等额月末支付分期还款。在归还 20 次之 后，他想第 21 次一次支付立即归还余下借款，年利率为 12%，每月计息一次，问 此人归还的总金额为多少？（10 分） 8、小王大学毕业后攒钱买房。第一年年末存入 10000 元，第二年年末存入 12000 元，第三年年末存入 14000 元，第四年年末存入 17000 元，第五年年末存入 18000， 第六年年末存入 20000 元，第七年年末存入 22000 元。问：第七年年末小王能得到 多少钱？相当于每年存入多少钱？（年利率为 8%。）（10 分） 9、某人购买一套住房总价 120 万，其中 70%申请期限为 20 年、年利率为 5%的商 业抵押贷款，约定按月等额还款，每月还多少？这种贷款的年有效利率是多少？（10 分）
山东科技大学数学分析考研真题2017—2019年
2、证明：若 f (x) 在[a,b] 上连续，且 f (x) 0 ，则
ln 1
b f (x)dx 1
b
ln f (x)dx 。
ba a
ba a
五、定积分应用（共 15 分，第 1 题 7 分，第 2 题 8 分）
求由曲线 y x(1 x) 与 x 轴围成的区域 （1）绕 x 轴旋转一周所得旋
a
1 x
2、已知
x y
et et
cos t sin t
，求
d2y dx 2
。
三、计算下列积分（共 15 分，每题 5 分）
1、
e3x ex
1dx 1
，
2、 ln x 2dx ； x
n1
3、
1
ln[x]dx ，这里[x] 表
示不超过 x 最大整数。
四、证明不等式（共 15 分，第 1 题 7 分，第 2 题 8 分）
六、幂级数问题（共 12 分，第 1 题 8 分，第 2 题 4 分）
x
n 1
1、求幂级数
n1 n(n 1)
(1 x 1) 的和函数。
1
2、求级数
n1 n(n 1)2n
的值。
七、 多元函数的微分 (共 12 分) 已知函数
f
(x,
y)
x2y2
(x2
y2
3
)2
,
x2
y2
0
试证： f (x, y) 在 (0,0) 处连续且存在偏导数，
x2 y2 2z
z2
, 从 z 轴正向看去，取逆时针方向。
十一、曲面积分（共 12 分）计算第二型曲面积分
山东科技大学概率论与数理统计考研真题2017—2019年
一、（20分）在一天中进入某超市的顾客人数ξ服从参数为λ的泊松分布，而进入超市的每一个人以概率p 购买1件商品，以概率1A p -不购买商品，假设顾客是否购买商品是相互独立的，记A A η为一天中顾客在该超市购买商品的件数。
A 1、求η的概率分布；2、求条件概率{|}p l k ξη==，其中为非负整数； ,k l 二、（20分）设随机向量(,ξηy )的联合密度函数为,01,1(,)0,Axy x x f x y ≤≤≤≤⎧=⎨⎩其它 1、求常数；A 2、求,ξη的边缘密度函数，,ξη是否独立？为什么？ 3、求概率(1/2P )η<及概率(P 1)ξη+=的值； 11(|22P ηξ)<= 4、求条件概率),(ηξ三、（20分）设二维随机变量的联合分布函数为(1)(1),0,0(,)0x y e e if x y F x y else αβ--⎧-->=⎨⎩>其中0,0αβ>> 与η1、问ξ是否独立？为什么？ 2、 求),(ηξ的联合密度函数；(2)E ξη+、()E ξη及协方差cov(,)ξηξη-+3、 求数学期望；4、 若0αβ=>，试证明ξη+与/ξη独立。
四、（14分）假设(,)X Y 服从二元正态分布221(0,2;3,4;2N -，Z X Y =+//321、求数学期望，方差；EZ DZX 与Z 2、问是否相关？是否独立？为什么？服从参数为n p }{五、（16分）1、随机变量序列n ξn ξ相互独立，的贝努利分布，其中01n p <<，证明}{n ξ服从大数定律，即对任意0ε>有11{|()|)i i P p n ξ}0,(εni =n ->→→∞∑。
2、设随机变量n ξξξ,,,21 ,(2)=0.9775,Φ相互独立，且均服从均匀分布六、（20分）1、设(0.05,0.05)U -（注：(1)0.8Φ=，试利用中心极限定理求1i i = 的近似值。
山东科技大学材料科学基础考研真题2017—2019年
一、概念辨析(每题6 分，共30分。
任选5题，若多做只取前5题。
)1、“晶体结构”和“空间点阵”。
2、“配位数”和“致密度”。
3、“固溶体”和“化合物”。
4、“肖特基缺陷”和“弗伦克尔缺陷”。
5、“伪共晶”和“离异共晶”。
6、“可逆相变”和“不可逆相变”。
7、“稳定扩散（稳态扩散)”和“不稳定扩散(非稳态扩散）”；8、“初次再结晶”和“二次再结晶”。
二、填空题（每空1分，共20分。
任选20个空，若多做只取前20。
答案须注明序号）1、吉布斯相律的表达式f=C-P+2中，f代表（1），C代表（2），P代表（3）。
2、一级相变的典型特征为相变前后（4）和（5）发生突变。
3、按照溶质原子的位置，固溶体分为（6）型固溶体和（7）型固溶体。
4、晶界按照晶粒之间的夹角的大小来分可以分为 (8) 晶界和 (9) 晶界。
5、扩散的驱动力是（10），固体中扩散的主要机制是（11）和（12）。
温度对扩散系数的影响依赖关系式：（13）。
某晶体材料的扩散系数lnD与1/T关系曲线在不同温度区间出现了不同斜率的直线，这主要是由于(14)不同所致。
6、位错的两种基本类型为（15）位错和（16）位错。
（15）位错的伯氏矢量（17）于位错线的方向，（16）位错的伯氏矢量（18）于其位错线方向；（15）位错既能滑移又能攀移，而（16）位错不能（19）。
7、晶体塑性变形的基本方式为（20）和孪生。
8、铁在1000°C下是（21）结构，其致密度为（22），这类晶体结构中有（23）个八面体间隙。
9、若将离子晶体中的质点视为球体，则等径球的最紧密堆积方式有（24）和（25）两种，这两种堆积方式中都存在空隙，它们的空间利用率都为（26）。
10、晶体的基本性质有自限性、均一性、（27）_、对称性和稳定性。
11、熔体是物质在液相温度以上存在的一种高能量状态，在冷却的过程中可以出现（28）、（29）和（30）三种不同的相变过程。
三、简答题(每题10分，共40分。
山东科技大学概率论与数理统计考研真题2017—2019年
一、（20分）在一天中进入某超市的顾客人数ξ服从参数为λ的泊松分布，而进入超市的每一个人以概率p 购买1件商品，以概率1A p -不购买商品，假设顾客是否购买商品是相互独立的，记A A η为一天中顾客在该超市购买商品的件数。
A 1、求η的概率分布；2、求条件概率{|}p l k ξη==，其中为非负整数；,k l 二、（20分）设随机向量(,ξηy )的联合密度函数为,01,1(,)0,Axy x x f x y ≤≤≤≤⎧=⎨⎩其它 1、求常数；A 2、求,ξη的边缘密度函数，,ξη是否独立？为什么？3、求概率(1/2P )η<及概率(P 1)ξη+=的值；11(|22P ηξ)<= 4、求条件概率),(ηξ三、（20分）设二维随机变量的联合分布函数为(1)(1),0,0(,)0x y e e if x y F x y else αβ--⎧-->=⎨⎩>其中0,0αβ>> 与η1、问ξ是否独立？为什么？2、 求),(ηξ的联合密度函数；(2)E ξη+、()E ξη及协方差cov(,)ξηξη-+3、 求数学期望；4、 若0αβ=>，试证明ξη+与/ξη独立。
四、（14分）假设(,)X Y 服从二元正态分布221(0,2;3,4;2N -，Z X Y =+//321、求数学期望，方差；EZ DZX 与Z 2、问是否相关？是否独立？为什么？服从参数为n p }{五、（16分）1、随机变量序列n ξn ξ相互独立，的贝努利分布，其中01n p <<，证明}{n ξ服从大数定律，即对任意0ε>有11{|()|)i i P p n ξ}0,(εni =n ->→→∞∑。
2、设随机变量n ξξξ,,,21 ,(2)=0.9775,Φ相互独立，且均服从均匀分布六、（20分）1、设(0.05,0.05)U -（注：(1)0.8Φ=，试利用中心极限定理求1i i = 的近似值。
山东科技大学工程流体力学考研真题2017—2019年
一、简答题（共50分，1—3每题6分，4—7每题8分）1. 什么是连续介质模型？在流体力学中为什么要建立这一理论模型？2. 什么叫当量直径？为什么要引入当量直径？3. 为什么风吹电线会发出嘘嘘的声音？4. 气体和液体的粘度随温度的变化规律相反，原因是什么？5. 什么是系统？什么是控制体？二者分别有什么特点？6. 试述理想流体微元流束伯努利方程中各项的物理意义和几何意义，并说明方程的适用范围。
7. 以圆管内的流体流动为例，说明流体流动有哪两种典型的流动状态？分别具有什么流动特征？如何加以判别？二、（8分）有一平面流场，其速度分布为x v ky =-，y v kx =，求流线的方程。
三、（10分）如图1所示球形储水容器，下半球固定，上半球用螺栓和下半球固定在一起，球体的直径d =2m ，试求上半球体作用于螺栓上的力。
图1四、（12分）如图2所示，用双U 形管测压计测量两点的压强差，已知h 1=600mm ，h 2=250mm ，h 3=200mm ，h 4=300mm ，h 5=500mm ，ρ1=1000kg/m 3，ρ2=800kg/m 3，ρ3=13598kg/m 3，试确定A 和B 两点的压强差。
图2五、（15分）如图3所示，转轴直径d =0.4m ，轴承长度l =0.8m ，轴与轴承间的缝隙δ=0.2mm ，其中充满动力黏度μ=0.54Pa·s 的润滑油，轴的转速n =300r/min ，求克服油的黏性阻力所消耗的功率。
图3六、（15分）已知水作不可压缩平面流动，流函数2310=+-+xy x y ψ，问是否存在速度势函数？若存在，试求出速度势函数。
七、（20分）如图4所示，连续管系中的90°渐缩弯管放在水平面上，入口直径d 1=15cm ,出口直径d 2=7.5cm ，入口处水的平均流速v 1=2.5m/s ，计示压强p 1e =6.86×104Pa ，若不计阻力损失，试求支撑弯管所需的水平力。
山东科技大学普通化学考研真题2017—2019f年
（请选择以下各题中的正确答案，并将答案务必写在答题纸上。注意：只选一个答案，多选不得分）
1、用来描述气体状态的四个物理量分别是（用符号表示）（ ）
(A) n, V, p, T
(B) n, R，V, p
(C) n, V, R, T
(D) n, R, p, T
(B)当 cHI = (1/2)×CN2O5时， v2 = v1 (D)上述均对
24、有一反应A+B → C+D，在标准状态下，反应活化能是10.7 kJ.mol-1，标准反应热为-193.8 kJ.mol-1，
则逆反应活化能为（ ）
5、下列分子或离子中键长最短的是（ ）
(A) O4+
(B) O2
6、下列原子轨道重叠时，能形成π键的是（ ）
(C)N2 (C) O2-
(D) MgCO3 (D) O22-
(A)只有py与py
(B)只有pz与pz
7、H2O中O的杂化方式（ ）
(A) sp2
(B) sp 3
(C)只有dxy与py (C) d2 sp 3
(C)此反应的定容热Qv=133.9 kJ.mol-1 (D)升高温度将提高碳的转化率 11、没有其它已知条件，下列何种物理量增加一倍时，已知平衡的反应 3A(g)+2B(g) == 2C(g)+D(g) 的
平衡移动方向无法确定（ ）
(A)温度
(B)总压力
(C)物质A的分压
(D)物质D的分压
4
1
12、某温度时，反应
2、下列各分子中，是极性分子的为（ ）
(A)BeCl2
(Bቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ BF3
山东科技大学机械原理考研真题2017—2019年
G
E
F
C
D
A
B
二、（15 分）在图示机构中，构件 1 以等角速度 1 1 rad/s 逆时针转动，并且 绕固定铰链 A 转动；滑块 3 与 x 坐标轴之间的距离 l 400 mm，水平移动。当构 件 1 与 y 坐标轴之间的夹角 30 时，试以矢量方程图解法求滑块 3 的速度 v3 和加速度 a3 。
为了保证机构传力性能良好，应使最小传动角 min 40 ，校验该机构最小传
动角是否满足要求。
（a）
（b）
六、（20 分）已知一平底直动推杆盘形凸轮机构，凸轮逆时针方向转动，基圆
半径 ro 40 mm；推程中，凸轮推程运动角 180 ，推杆的运动规律按等加 速等减速运动规律上升，升程 h 30 mm；试绘制推程段直动推杆位移线图
连续传动的要求。
八、（15 分）在图示轮系中，已知：各齿轮齿数 z1 17 ， z2 z3 z3' 34 ， z2 16 ， z4 68 ， z4' 48 ， z5 16 ；齿轮 1 的转速 n1 600 r/min，试求 系杆 H 的转速 nH 以及转向。
一、（20 分）已知如图所示， lAB lCD lEF ， lAC lBD ， lAE lBF ，计算该
转角 = 局0°和 = ᚳ5°时，分别求出推杆的位移量 S 各是多少？
八、（15 分）在图示轮系中，已知：各齿轮齿数 = 局局，局 = 局5，局 = ᚳ局， = ᚳ， 5 = 局 ， 峠 = 峠 ；齿轮 1 的转速 = 嶀00 r/min，试求系杆 H 的转速 H，并 判断齿轮 1 与系杆 H 的转向是否相同。
八、（15 分）图示轮系为一大传动比减速器机构，动力由齿轮 1 输入，由系杆 H
山东科技大学机械原理考研试题2017-2019
y
B1
x
外 面
C1 B2 外面 C2
4
2019山东科技大学车辆工程考研试题-机械原理818
一、（20 分）分别计算下图所示机构的自由度。
（a）
（b）
二、（20 分）图示曲柄滑块机构中，曲柄 1 在驱动力矩 作用下等速逆时针转 动。已知移动副中的滑块摩擦系数 = 0. 5；曲柄长度 = 00 mm，连杆长 度 = 局50 mm。转动副摩擦、各构件的质量和转动惯量均忽略不计。当驱动 力矩 = 局0 N·m 时，试求机构在图示位置时，所能克服的有效阻力 局。
2
2018山东科技大学考研试题-机械原理818
传动角 最小？并求出该最小传动角 min ； （3）若取曲柄的长度 lAB 15 mm，该机构是否存在急回特性？试计算出行程速 比系数 K 。
C
γmin
A
B
D
六、（15 分）一对心直动尖顶推杆盘形凸轮机构中，凸轮的基圆半径 r0 30 mm, 凸轮以等角速度 逆时针方向转动。凸轮转角 0 ~ 120 时，推杆按等速 运动规律上升 16mm； 120 ~ 180 时，推杆远休止； 180 ~ 300 时， 推杆按等加速等减速运动规律下降 16mm； 300 ~ 360 时，推杆近休止。
一、填空题（每空 2 分，共 20 分）
1、
是机器加工制造的单元体，
是机器独立运动的单元体。
2、直齿外啮合圆柱齿轮正确啮合的条件是
和
分别相等。
3、行程速比系数是
和
之比。
4、范成法加工是利用
原理来切制齿轮的。
5、在汽车发动机的配气机构中，应用最多的是
机构。
6、机构具有确定的条件是
。
7、标准外啮合齿轮在标准安装时，齿轮的分度圆与节圆的关系为
山东科技大学遥感原理与方法考研真题2017—2019年
一、名词解释（每题5分，共50分）1、辐射亮度2、图像融合3、合成孔径雷达4、程辐射5、中值滤波6、像点位移7、瞬时视场角8、混合像元9、BRF10、大气窗口二、简答题（1、3题8分，2、4题12分，共50分）1、简述维恩位移定律的主要内容，并说明其在遥感中的应用。
2、简述地表反射的三种形式及发生条件。
3、什么是植被指数？为什么植被指数能够突出植被信息？4、遥感与常规手段相比有什么特点？5、分析监督分类与非监督分类的区别与特点。
三、论述题（每题25分，共50分）1、大气的散射现象有哪几种类型？根据不同散射类型的特点说明为什么微波具有穿云透雾的能力而可见光不能？2、什么是多源信息复合？说明多源信息复合有什么优势？（第1页/共1页）科目代码：812请在答题纸（本）上做题，在此试卷及草稿纸上做题无效！第1页共2页山东科技大学2018年招收硕士学位研究生入学考试遥感原理与方法试卷一、名词解释（每题4分，共40分）1、ISODATA 2、多角度遥感3、瞬时视场4、直方图匹配5、辐射定标6、地物波谱特征7、光谱反射率8、绝对黑体9、特征选择10、距离分辨力二、填空题（每空1分，共20分）1、遥感图像几何校正过程中重采样的主要方法有①、②和③。
2、灰度直方图是遥感数字图像处理中一个最简单、最有用的工具，它描述了一幅图④的内容。
3、斯忒藩-玻尔兹曼定律表明：黑体总辐射出射度和⑤呈正比。
4、在图像灰度的线性变换公式()fB D fA D f D A A B +⋅==中，当1>fA 时，输出图像的对比度将⑥；1=fA 且0≠fB 时，使输出图像中所有像素的灰度值⑦；当255,1=-=fB fA 时，输出图像的灰度⑧。
5、TM 图像缨帽变换后产生的三个主要具有明确物理意义的分量为⑨、⑩和湿度。
6、传感器接受的信号中，有一部分是未到达地表直接进入传感器的，这部分能量称为⑪。
7、遥感图像频率域增强，首先将空间域图像通过⑫变换为频率域图像，然后再进行后续处理的过程。