广播电视写作教程考试1
中国广电考试题库
中国广电考试题库1、广播电视节目按播出次数与内容的关系分为首播节目、重播节目和（）。
A.录播节目B.直播节目C.插播节目D.滚动节目2、新闻媒介的首要功能是()。
A.传播文化B.宣传政策C.提供信息D.娱乐大众3、“i”和“ü”的发音()相同，()不同A.舌位、唇形B.唇形、舌位C.舌位、气息D.气息、舌位4、社会主义经济制度是指()。
A.社会主义经济体制B.社会主义经济基础和上层建筑的统一C.社会主义生产方式D.社会主义生产关系的总和5、延安新华广播电台是中国共产党创办的第一座人民广播电台，()在延安开始播音，呼号XNCR，是中央人民广播电台的前身。
A.1939年12月30日B.1940年12月30日C.1945年12月30日D.1949年12月30日6、“新闻媒体依据一定的思想和立场，运用新闻手段引导社会舆论”指的是()。
A.新闻本源B.舆论导向C.媒介素养D.舆论斗争7、决定新闻事业性质和体制的因素是()。
A.媒介形态B.文化水平C.技术手段D.社会经济形态8、2009年11月，（）颁布新修订的《中国新闻工作者职业道德准则》。
A.新闻出版总署B.中华全国新闻工作者协会C.国家广播电影电视总局D.中国广播电视协会9、最能体现电视传播优势的新闻体裁是（）。
A.动态新闻B.连续报道C.口播新闻D.现场直播10、在社会主义市场经济条件下，我国的宏观调控要以()。
A.计划调控为主B.间接调控为主C.直接调控为主D.经济调控为主11、艺术作品的基本要求是()。
A.贴近实际、贴近生活、贴近群众B.弘扬主旋律C.强调为人民服务，为艺术服务D.思想性、艺术性、观赏性三者的统一12、《中国广播电视播音员主持人职业道德准则》要求播音员主持人要自觉追求()。
A.美好的形象B.德艺双馨C.艺术个性D.收视率13、党的新闻工作的根本指导思想是()。
A.传播信息B.宣传教育C.实事求是D.组织群众14、未经广电总局批准，不得在黄金时间段播出()。
广播电视写作(考试)
广播电视新闻写作（胡红梅）1：新闻采访的含义：新闻记者以自己主观认识客观，控制客观，掌握客观的过程，以客观事实为对象，以获取信息报道新闻为目的的专业性极强且特殊的调研活动。
2新闻采访的含义的要点：①主体：记者②客体：新闻事实③实质：调研活动④目的：收集信息，传播信息⑤特殊：一种人际交往的过程3：新闻采访的特点：①目的的差异性②时间的限制性（相对价值，绝对价值）③结果的公开性（受众的知情权和对报道的监督权）④采访的灵活性（a：新闻采访是随机的b：记者对采访材料的占有，使用的灵活性）⑤采访过程的持续性（a：在一段时间里有间隔有联系的开展采访活动b：面对一些重大新闻题材，从不同侧面，角度和地区持续采访）4：倒金字塔结构：一种倒序法，在导语里，要把重要的事实写出来，首先要报道最具有价值的信息，主体是导语扩充和补充。
5：记者的职责和使命：1：职责：①采写新闻，传播信息②反映情况③联系群众2：使命：①追求事实，献身真理②忠于事业，服务人民③维护利益，促进繁荣④伸张正义6记者的基础修养：（一）：政治修养：①明确政治立场②正确的政治观点③严厉的政治纪律④清晰，可坚持的政治远见（二）：理论修养：①从新闻业务的角度来看，理论修养可以提供一个采写业务的支援点②从新闻和社会的关系来看，理论修养的一个构成部分之一：社会政治，会影响新闻传播活动③从新闻和政治的关系来看，理论修养是培养其政治修养的基础。
新闻记者的理论修养是履行职责的要求，又是衡量专业水准高低的重要标志。
（三）：知识修养：主要包括文化和政治修养①有广博的知识②还应该是专家（对于某一领域，某一行业有比较精深的知识）7：记者的专业修养：以从事新闻传播工作的人应该具备专业修养和知识，包括理论修养和新闻业务修养，政策法规修养，道德修养，心理素养。
8：情感和情绪的区别：①情绪更多的是和生理需要相联系，而情感更多的是和人的社会需要相联系，情感是人类特有的，情绪是人和动物共有的②表现形态上，情绪发生的比较早，而且主体有明显的参与过程，情感则表现为人的内省和深沉，只有那些认识了的事物才能引起人们的真情实感，同时随着人们对事物认识的深化，情感也会变的更加情感③情绪具有冲动性和易逝性。
广播电视文稿写作
广播电视文稿写作复习题目——广播电视写作教程一、名词解释（20分）1、消息：指报道事情的概貌而不讲述详细的经过和细节，以简要的语言文字迅速传播新近事实的新闻体裁，也是最广泛、最经常采用的新闻基本体裁。
2、宣传片：是用制作电视、电影的表现手法对企业内部的各个层面有重点、有针对、有秩序地进行策划、拍摄、录音、剪辑、配音、配乐、合成输出制作成片。
3、栏目策划：从广播策划的角度，重点强调集多条展现途径和多种表现形式为一体的"广播专题式直播"方式，该方式以"广播直播"为核心，附以全面的专题围绕。
4、纪录片：纪录片是以真实生活为创作素材，以真人真事为表现对象，并对其进行艺术的加工与展现的，以展现真实为本质，并用真实引发人们思考的电影或电视艺术形式。
5、策划：即事先谋划某事物的程序和过程，策划的要素包括特定事项、创意设计、实施方案、预期目标等6、编导阐述：是编导对所制作的电视节目，在创作意图、完整构思等方面的文字说明和全面解释，也是编导对摄制组全体人员的指导性安排意见。
7、纪录片解说词（解说词）：解说词是对人物、画面、展品或旅游景观进行讲解、说明、介绍的一种应用性文体，采用口头或书面解释的形式，或介绍人物的经历、身份、所做出的贡献(成绩)、社会对他(她)的评价等，或就事物的性质、特征、形状、成因、关系、功用等进行说明。
8、拍摄提纲：为拍摄一部影片或某些场面而制定的拍摄要点。
二、简答（30分）1、广播电视消息语言的写作（特殊）要求P32（1）多用双音词，少用或不用单音词，以免造成误听。
如：已——已经、曾——曾经、虽——虽然（2）多用口语中的语气词，少用书面语的关联词（3）应特别注意同音不同义的次，以避免误解。
（4）注意用词的规范问题。
（5）注意标点符号在有声语言中的体现2、电视文本写作要建立哪些电视意识（1）建立扬式思维方式。
电视作品是由多种媒介元素组成的，其作用、发挥的程度要收多种因素制约（作品整体和谐美才是美；电视文体要服从节目主题、形式、风格等的总体构思要求）1）受作品的内容和风格的制约2）受编导的创作个性的制约（它直接决定着作品的风格）3）受思维媒介本身的表现力的制约（字幕擅长于表现抽象、哲理性的信息；画面擅长于形象直观展现事物的形象；音乐擅长于表现情感、情绪和连接画面）3、广播电视文本的写作主体(写作者)必须具备哪些撰稿条件？1）在确定主题和选择报道角度是坚持独立思考，排除各方干扰，不跟风，不跟钱；2）在报道内容方面坚持完整、平衡原则；3）陈述事实的情节和系结石严禁想当然4）培养之一意识，认真验证事实，核实引用的材料5）语言准确有分寸5）注明消息来源：交代消息提供者和英语陈述者4、广播电视频道策划书有哪些写作要点节目构想、节目名称、节目对象、节目类别、节目宗旨、节目长度、播出频率、播出时段、预期效果、经费预算、制作团队、主持人、节目内容（单元流程）、广播节目小样。
广播电视文稿写作试卷
《广播电视文稿写作》试题广播电视编导、广播电视学专业 90分钟一、填空题（每空一分，共15分。
）1、广播新闻写作的特点是（）、（）、（）、（）和适当重复。
2、广播媒体的传播方式决定了，（）、（）和效果音响成为广播文艺节目传递传递讯息、塑造形象的基本手段。
3、广播电视主持人必须具有较好的政治自觉性、快速反应能力、（）、（）、人格魅力、文化修养等。
4、优秀的解说词与画面之间的关系既要（），更要（），使之成为水乳交融的内在统一体。
5、纪录片“蓝本”写作从文本的结构方式来看，有列表式、（）、（）。
6、电视新闻的文体可以分为四大类，也就是消息类电视新闻、（）、（）和（）。
二、请将下面文字改成适宜广播电视播出的话语（每题15分，共30分。
）阅读下面两段文字，将它们改成适宜电视播出的话语，并说一说改稿原因。
1、如果说石头象征着先民们坚忍不拔的性格，在无声地诉说着古金陵的文明史，那么，静静的秦淮河，便是诞生这文明史的摇篮。
早在2400多年前的越城和后来的金陵邑城，就是依傍着这条河孕育发展起来的。
为了更好地了解它，我特地邀请了一位新闻界的老前辈姚老陪我同游。
2、在历时38天的空袭中，多国部队出动了9万架次飞机，扔了20万吨炸弹，发射了280枚巡航导弹，对伊拉克和科威特境内的伊拉克军事、经济、交通和通讯等设施进行连续不断的轰炸，使伊拉克彻底失掉了抽制空权和制海权，地面部队及装备受到重创，交通补给线基本瘫痪。
三、解说词改写（每题15分，共15分。
）写作解说词时，为了便于临时进行修改，应尽量写得有一定弹性，语句有可伸缩性。
请对“重庆是一座山城，从上到下，从下到上，层层叠叠，密密麻麻，山是一座城，城是一座山”进行改写。
1、当画面太长，解说分量不足支撑时，进行改写。
2、当画面不够，时间很紧，进行改写。
四、广播稿写作题：用下列素材，自选角度，自拟题目，写1则400字左右的广播评论稿。
（共40分）深圳部分外来劳务工劳动安全状况堪忧去年伤残万余人死亡八十多人本报讯为深圳的经济奇迹作出巨大贡献的外来劳务工，他们中的一部分人目前劳动安全状况令人忧虑。
写作教程(一)unit-1标准答案
写作教程(一)unit-1标准答案Unit 1PART Ⅱ FOCUSDenotation and ConnotationSuggested answer to the questionIf it is your teacher, most probably you will choose b, as the word portly has an implication of a more or less dignified and imposing appearance (e.g. an elderly gentleman, large and portly). However, if it is a doorkeeper, an amiable middle-aged woman, you may choose the word plump as it implies a pleasing fullness of figure (e.g. the plump goddesses of Renaissance paintings). From this exercise we can conclude that words that share the same denotative meanings can be diverse in their connotative meanings.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.father: the male parent. It connotes support and sternness; it also connotesprotection but in a serious fashion.wildflower: uncultivated plant; it connotes vitality and pleasantness.2.Word Denotation Connotation Sentencegold a precious yellow metal wealth, value,preciousness, etcSilence is gold.moon the natural body that moves around the earthonce every 28 days tranquility, purity,something out ofreach, etc.There’s no pointhoping for peace inthe country. It’s likeasking for the moon.ice water frozen so that it has become solid coldness,indifference, cruelty,death, etc.The ice in his voicewas only to hide thepain.blood red liquid flowing through the bodies ofhumans and animals family background,descent, race,temperament, etc.Blood is thicker thanwater.bravery, spirit, and toughness.b. Anyway, she has the characteristics of a woman, such as frailty anddelicacy.AttitudeReference for the Classroom Activities1.Favorable Neutral Unfavorableunique, quaint strange bizarre, abnormal resolute, steadfast stubborn, dogged pigheadedcompliment (v.) praise, commend, flatter lick one’s bootssenior citizen old person fossilbachelor girl single woman spinsterCollocationSuggested answers to the exercisea.do somebody a favorb.do somebody goodc.make a gestured.do evile.do harmf.make an effortReference for the Classroom Activities1.1) D 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) C 6) C 7) BFalse FriendsSuggested answers to the questionThe misunderstanding occurs due to the use of homonyms or false friends—flour or flower, ground (as the past participle of the verb grind) and ground (meaning the solid surface of the earth). In this excerpt, the use of false friends adds a humorous effect to the text.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.The false friends are lie meaning to keep one’s body in a flat position, andlie meaning to say something dishonest.2. a. Your fever rose yesterday.b. That racket is bad enough to make Aunt Ella’s eyebrows raised.c. Jack has been lying around all day.d. The soldiers laid aside their weapons.e. A heavy fog lay over the land.f. White stationery is always appropriate.g. Is that table stationary, or can it be moved to another corner of theroom?h. It is easier to talk about a principle than to live by it.i. Our principal played on the faculty football team against the schoolall-stars.3. Some other false friends:fair vs. fareIt’s not fair to put all the blame on him.Bus fares are going up again.passed vs. pastI passed the landlady on the stairs this morning.Several boys went past us on mountain bikes.intense vs. intensiveShe suddenly felt an intense pain in her stomach.He took an intensive course on English.farther vs. furtherThe fog’s so thick; I can’t see farther than about five meters.Every day she thinks further and further into depression.PART III GARMMARSubject-Verb AgreementWhen the subject is compoundReference for the Classroom ActivitiesSummary1. A compound subject with and takes a plural verb in most cases, but when itexpresses a singular meaning or when each of the singular subjects is considered individually, it takes a singular verb.2.After a compound subject with or, nor, either…or, neither…nor, not…but, theverb agrees in number and person with the nearer part of the subject.3.Intervening phrases or clauses not introduced by coordinating conjunctionsdo not affect the number of a verb. Such phrases are normally introduced by prepositions or prepositions or prepositional phrases such as as well as, asmuch as, rather than, along with, in addition to, together with, with, plus, and including.Reference for the Classroom ActivitiesSummary1.Nominal phrases of time, money, weight and measurement normally take asingular verb.2.Some words or phrases, such as all, most, half, the last, the rest, take asingular or plural verb, depending on the meaning of the noun or pronoun that follows.3.Phrases like l ots of, heaps of, loads of take singular or plural verbs dependingon the form of the nouns that follow.4.In sentences with more than one or many a modifying the subject noun, theverb should take a singular form though it is plural in meaning.Reference for the Classroom Activitiesa.He was one of the candidates who were able to carry out their campaignpledges.He was the only one of the candidates who was able to carry out his campaign pledges.b.What he wants is just a little love from his foster parents.What one thinks and says are not always the same.c.There is a cherry tree and several orchid flowers in the garden.There are hundreds of applicants on the waiting list for the job.Summary1.After a relative pronoun (who, which, that), the verb has the same person andnumber as the antecedent. (In the second sentence in Pair a, the antecedent is the only one, not the candidates.)2.After a what-clause, the verb is usually singular. But if the what-clause is in acompound structure plural in meaning, the verb is in plural form.3.In the there-be structure, the verb is singular or plural depending on thenumber of the subject. The singular there is may be used to introduce a compound subject when the first noun or nominal phrase is singular. Reference for the Classroom Activitiesa.Nobody in town admits seeing him.b.Does anyone want to go with me?c.Are any of you going to the exhibition?d.None works/work so hard as he does.e.Books are her chief source of enjoyment.f.The one thing you must be ready for is their attempts to break up themeeting.g.The jury is finally complete.h.The jury were divided in their opinions.i.New York Times is his bible.j.Semantics is the study of meanings.Summary1.Indefinite pronouns such as anybody, anyone, each, everybody, nobody, no one,and somebody generally require a singular verb.2.The pronouns any and none take either singular or plural verbs.3.The complement of the verb be does not affect its number.4. A collective noun takes a singular verb when the class it names is thought ofas a unit, but a plural verb when the members of the class are thought of as individuals.5.Titles of books, magazines, movies, newspapers, plays, and the like take asingular verb.6.Certain nouns which are plural in form but singular in meaning generallytake a singular verb. Some of these are physics, mechanics, news statistics, and whereabouts.Notes (I)Sample 1Suggested answers to the questions1.Notes are the simplest and shortest form of written communication and theyare quick, easy and convenient.2. A note has three essential components:--the addressee—the person(s) to whom the note is written;--the message;--the sender.3. Notes are characterized by their brevity, informality in style, and dedication toa single topic.Sample 2Suggested answers to the questions1.The date is put at the upper right-hand corner. Besides the date or weekday,you may, at times, need to state the hour or even the minute.2.You can add the word Dear before the addressee’s name and acomplimentary close.3. A complimentary close is put before your signature as the sample show. PART V FOLLOW-UP EXERCISESa. The little boy was chicken-hearted.b. The statesman is a respectable figure in the political arena.c. We sat down by the oak tree, enjoying the breeze coming from the lake.d. We need to drink the milk before it sours.e. The child had difficulty finding his way to school.f. The young woman received a lot of flowers and gifts.g. My father drew back the curtain a little lest I see him.h. Our university can accommodate 4000 students.i. Social customs vary greatly from country to country.2. The writer’s attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences.3. (1) experienced (2) elapsed (3) attempting (4) with(5) take up (6) made (7) endeavor (8) true4. a. The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.b. We suppose that a referee should be disinterested but not uninterested.c. Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.d. We must pursue this matter further.e. The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.f. All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditoriumfor the music contest.g. The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.h. The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.i. (correct)j. He was awaked to the risk.5. My sister Lulu accepted a scholarship to study in the UK. She had done very well in school and the principal thought that living with a British family would teach her a lot. Mother said she would let her go if she bought a box of stationery and promised to write home every week. She said that she would live up to her promise and she always does pretty well in living up to her principles. Soon after she arrived in the UK., she adapted to her new environment. Her new life did not affect her a great deal. She knew that as a student she had to be economical and she was not self-conscious of her poor clothing and strange accent. These were the things she was uninterested in; what fascinated her instead was the cultural differences between the two countries. She found people there liked to pay compliments and were more credulous to what she said. Of course, she never lied to them about her motherland. Though she experienced cultural shocks continually, she developed a fair attitude towards the other culture. In the proceeding years, she settled down in the UK. and became a person with an alternative cultural identity.6. a. Sixty hours is the amount of work time I contracted for.b. The jury is expected to reach its decision very quickly.c. Each of the candidates for the position has exceptionally high qualifications.d. Every boy and girl in the sixth grade was/is eager to win the contest.e. Corn bread and milk is a popular breakfast in the rural South.f. The instructor as well as the students was at fault.g. He is one of the students who plan to attend the speech contest.h. The jury are to be isolated in individual hotel rooms each night during the trial.i. Sam sprawled in the chair and knocked over one of the lamps which were on display.j. The symptoms of mercury poisoning vary with each individual case.k. He believes that athletics improves school morale.l. Up goes the starter’s gun, and each of the runners becomes tense.m. Either The Times or The Tribune is a reliable source of news.n. The first thing that catches your eye is the headlines.o. She is one of the women who have made this country what it is.。
广播电视业务相关练习题
广播电视业务相关练习题第一部分：广播电视基础知识练习题1. 广播电视的定义是什么？2. 请列举一些广播电视的具体形式和媒介。
3. 什么是广播电视节目？4. 广播电视编排的目的是什么？5. 广播电视编导的职责是什么？6. 请列举几个广播电视的技术术语。
7. 广播电视行业的主要发展趋势是什么？8. 广播电视的监管机构有哪些？9. 广播电视行业的市场竞争主要体现在哪些方面？10. 请列举几个广播电视的商业模式。
第二部分：广播电视节目制作练习题1. 广播电视节目制作的基本流程是什么？2. 广播电视节目的选择和策划的重点是什么？3. 广播电视节目的素材收集和整理的方法有哪些？4. 广播电视节目的脚本创作的要点是什么？5. 广播电视节目的导演工作职责是什么？6. 广播电视节目的后期制作流程包括哪些环节？7. 广播电视节目宣传和推广的策略有哪些？8. 广播电视节目的制作周期是多长？9. 广播电视节目制作中，如何评估节目的质量？10. 广播电视节目的版权保护措施有哪些？第三部分：广播电视市场营销练习题1. 广播电视市场营销的目标是什么？2. 广播电视媒体的定位和差异化竞争的重点是什么？3. 广播电视营销策略的核心是什么？4. 广播电视媒体的用户关系管理方法有哪些？5. 广播电视媒体的品牌建设和推广的策略有哪些？6. 广播电视媒体的收益模式有哪些？7. 广播电视媒体的市场调研和分析的方法有哪些？8. 广播电视媒体的合作与竞争的原则是什么？9. 广播电视媒体的危机管理策略有哪些？10. 广播电视媒体的社会责任和公共形象的建设方法有哪些？第四部分：广播电视产业政策和法规练习题1. 广播电视产业政策的目的是什么？2. 广播电视产业政策的主要内容包括哪些方面？3. 广播电视产业发展的主要法规有哪些？4. 广播电视产业的市场准入和监管条件有哪些？5. 广播电视产业的知识产权保护方法有哪些？6. 广播电视产业的国内外合作与竞争的规范有哪些？7. 广播电视产业的投资和融资方式有哪些？8. 广播电视产业的经营和管理的要求有哪些？9. 广播电视产业的税务和财务管理的规定有哪些？10. 广播电视产业的监督和执法措施有哪些？以上是一些与广播电视业务相关的练习题，希望能够帮助你更深入地了解广播电视业务的基础知识、节目制作、市场营销和产业政策等方面的内容。
《电视写作》期末复习题
《电视写作》期末复习题一、简答题（每小题5分，共20分）第一章电视媒介与电视写作1、电视写作包含哪些内容？电视选题报告、电视节目策划书、采访提纲、拍摄提纲、节目框架设计、编导阐述、拍摄脚本、串联词、解说词、编辑提纲、字幕等2、为什么电视写作要有“喉舌意识”？3、为什么电视写作者要具备法律意识？（1）电视写作要依法办事，要在法律允许的范围内进行；（2）电视写作者具有平等的法律地位；（3）电视写作这要用现有的法律维护自己的合法权益。
4、电视的传播特性有哪些？（1）视听兼备（2）直接感受性强（3）时效性强（4）转瞬即逝，保存性差（5）时序性的信息传播方式（6）互动性和参与性强（7）服务性5、电视写作的思维特征是什么？（1）思维媒介的多样性与和谐性（2）立体思维的综合性（3）编码方式的可操作性第二章电视策划文案的写作1、简述电视策划的特征。
（1）目标明确（2）创新性（3）可行性（4）竞争是产生策划的土壤（5）前瞻性（6）程序性2、电视策划的作用是什么？（1）促使节目创新，促进精品生产（2）提高业务素质，增强节目的竞争力（3）协调各项工作，保证运作顺利3、电视策划有哪些主要任务？（1）设定策划目标（2）深入调查研究（3）进行创意（4）精心编制方案（5）实施过程控制4、电视栏目的定位包含哪些内容？（1）栏目内容、形式的基本类型和特性的定位；（2）收视人群以及他们的性别、年龄、职业、收入等因素的定位；（3）栏目时长、时段、播出周期、成长周期设计、媒体环境要求、制作水准和制作规模原则要求等定位。
5、什么是栏目的样式和风格？样式和风格是一个栏目从形式上区别于其他栏目的标志，它包括是否由主持人，是室外节目还是演播室节目，演播室空间的处理，栏目呈现轻松的还是凝重的气氛等等。
6、简述栏目策划文案的写作要求。
（1）考虑到主持人的个性因素（2）注意与嘉宾的及时沟通（3）考虑到现场灯光、音响等其他方面的因素（4）突出对象感和交流感（5）凸显谈话的主题（6）结构脉络清晰，有节奏感（7）主持人语言要注意口语化和个性化（8）考虑到栏目的一贯风格及本次话题的特点（9）考虑到除“谈话”之外的多种表现形式7、谈话节目的分类、主题、嘉宾。
写作教程1答案
Unit OnePart V Follow-up Exercises1.a.mouse-hearted: →chicken-heartedb.politician: →statesmanc.wind:→breezed.utilize: →drinke.ascertaining: →findingf.was bombarded with→received a lot ofg.opened→drew backh.contain→accommodatei.habits→customs2. The writer’s attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences.3.(1)___(4) experienced, elapsed, attempting, with(5)___(8) take up, made, endeavor, true4. a. The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.b. We suppose that a feferee should be disinterested but not uninterested.c. Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.e. The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.f. All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.g. The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.h.The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.i.(correct)j. He was awake to the risk.5. The first line: principle→principalThe second line: stationary →stationeryThe fourth line: adopted →adaptedThe fifth line : effect →affectThe sixth line: economic →economical; self-conscience→self-consciousThe seventh line: disinterested→uninterestedThe ninth line: credible →credulousThe eleventh line: continuously →continually6. a. isb. is expectedc. hasd.was/ise. isf. wasg. planh. arei. werej. varuk.improvesl.becomesm. isn. iso. haveAnswer to Unit 22. Translate the following Chinese idioms into English and see if they are literally translateda. play a minor roleb. That’s Greek to me.c. belated action/adviced. Where there is smoke, there is fire.e. an evil creaturef. walk into the trapg. one’s face glowing with health3. Delete unnecessary words or repeated meaning in the sentences below and make improvemnents. Then compare the two versions and see how the two differ.a. We must practice economy. /We must reduce unnecessary expenditures.b. It is essential to control environmental pollution.c. We must arrive at the station on time.d. Financial wxpenditures should be arranged in order of priority.e. We should speed up constructions of urban housing so as to improve the housing condition.f. To be allowed to make profits, private capital has to meet two conditions：1) the profits must be legal, and 2)they must not be excessive.g. During the period of the Tenth Five-Year Plan we must never neglect grain production. Instead,m we must steadily increase it.4. Reference version|In feudal China, women had low social status, and were regarded as inferior to men. Thanks to the women’s liberationmovement, women have achieved equal status with men, which is establ ished by the law. But in fact, they still can’t enjoy equal rights with men.At home, wives are expected to do all the housework, which is obviously unfair.Husband and wife should share the housework and family responsibilities. But in some families husbands usually get angry when they find the cleaning or cooking unfinished by their wives. One can’t help wondering why they don’t it by themselves.I think women should be spiritually and financially independent if they want real equality. In order to do that , they have to learn as much as men so as to find a good job. Appearance is no longer important to women. It is their ability that can bring them a good job rather than their appearance. So I think the best way for women to win more rights is to receive good education.5. a._____e ：me, who, I, me/myselff._____j ：each other’s, who, us, whom, us, whom, Somek______n ：one’s, his, his; his, his6. a. We are all born into this world as equals, but for various reasons, not all of us are treated as equals. This inequality begins when we reach the age of five, for this is when we will enter elementary school. In school, we are no longer “Mommy’s little darling.” We now have to prove ourselves to the other children and also to our teacher., If we seemdifferent from the other students, we are treatred differently, and these differnces could be anything: pants, shoes, speech, religion and so forth. Rigtht from the start, we think that as long as we are different, there is something wrong with us.b. There are those who assume that since I can’t see, I obviously cannot hear.Very often people will talk with me at the top ot their lungs, uttering each word very carefully. On the other hand, people will also often whisper, assuming that sinc e my eyes don’t work, my ears don’t either. For example, when I go to the airport and ask the ticket agent for assistance to the plane, he or she will invariably pick ud the phone, call a ground hostess and whisper:“Hi, Jane, we’ve got a 76 here.” I have concluded that the word “ blind” is not used for one of two reasonsLeither they fear that if the dread word is spoken, the ticket agent’retina will detach, or they are reluctant to inform me of my condition of which I may not have been previously aware.Unit 3 Part V1. a. When I was aggigned a certain task, I did it to my best ability.b. Fog can cause blindness.c. Recently I joined a social club which raises money for the care of needychildren, and we meet every Wednesday afternoon.d. An essay should be understandable to the reader.e. Many items are expensive at discount stores.f. Bears that have just come out of hibernation are usually hungry and dangerous.g. The author should have shortened the story by half.h. The city’s enviromnmentalsurrou ndings are not the most comfortable.i. I learned certain facts that I believe are vital to every freshman.2. a. simmer: cook food fently at or just below boiling point.saute: fry quickly in a little hot fatbake: cook by using diret heat in an ovenb. Other verbs about cooking include roast, steam, braise, fry, dee-fry, boil, poach, scramble, grill, stew, curry, baste, barbecue.3. a. For dinner we had barbecued steaks and sweet corn.b. Last week my brother John joined an insurance company.c.He is not a friendly and easy-goibg colleague.d. Our view of the sea at sunset was splendid/breathtaking.e. It was a fine day to play outdoors.f. What impressed me most about the city was the hustle and buslte in the streets.4. There are seize, hurl, choke, blind,m leap, flee, etc.5.a. I admire Jenny’s long black glossy hair so much..b.The fearless explorer finally landed at the South Pole.c. Fast driving on a smooth road can be great fun.d. John and I often wrote each other long e-mails full of jokes.e. The pale skinny woman fainted suddenly.6. a. I invited the vistiting professor to the English Club.b. Shooting stars warn us of catastrophe.c. The deleted sentence was unnecessary.d. Stephanie tiptoed up the carpeted steps.e. The students attending the art school are highly active.f. The taped dollar bill split in half.g. Amy was the only winning contestant who was below 10.h. The freshly painted house shone in the sun.7. a. indescribably b. dark c. occasional d. steadily e. surely, bad f. terribly8. a. At his mother’s request, he agreed to wait at least a year before getting married.b.Half of the girls in town were in love with Ben, but he wanted to marry Christine only.c. Hohn hopes that in the years to come he can be as successful as hisfather has been.d. The winter of the contest ate almost three soxen frankfurters.e. Debbie knew that chicken when fried always please Ed.f. May could not resist the temptation to whisper in her fr iend’s ear about what she has seen.Unit 4 Part V Follow_Up Exercise1. a. I can see the Central Park frim my window..b. He insisted on seeing the manager, only to anger the saleswoman.c. I has to control my urge to laugh at his predicament.d. We m ust contimue measuring and assessing children’s performance.e. A presidential commission has already investigated the causes of the nuclear accident.f. Mary had to give up the plan to travel as far as Denver, because her money ran out while she was still in Chicago.2. At the sound of a bell, I entered the huge red building along with hundreds of others. Just inside the entrance, a mean-looking old lady was yelling instructions at us. I clutched my lunchbox, and followed a crowd of six-year-olds down a long hallway, up some steps, and downanother corridor. We were looking for Mrs. Nearing’s room. I knew we had reahed our destination when a tall, black-haired woman greeted me loudly. She asked me my name. Then she printed it on a sticky tag, pressed it to my chest. Inside the room I could see several other six-year-olds, some of them big. Finally Mrs. Nearing closed the classroom door and make a loud bang. A network of wires prevented the small pane of glass near the top from shattering. To my imagination, the wires looked like the bars in a prison. I was back in school.3. As Prime Minister of Britain from 1940-1945, Churchill led his country through Workd War II, but immediately after the war he was voted out of office. Later he regained his position as prime minister. After he left that offie in 1955, he enjoyed great popularity for the rest of his life, and when he died in 1965, he was acclaimed as a national hero.4. a. The trees stand nearly barren;their leaves lie on the ground.b. The actor opens the Bible and begins reading the Song of Solomon.c. The Puritans were in some ways severe, but they led lives of deep devotion to what they believed.d. That experience taught me that family ties are the most enduring.e. When their party came back to the camp site, ours had already arrived two hours earlier.f. It seems a long time since we last met.g. Sherry flew home, but her grandfather had already died.h.I will visit you whenever I get the chance.i. His mother insists that he return now.j. If Siberia were in a warmer region, its population would be larger.k. That bell sounds as though it were cracked.l. It is important that he find a suitable job.5. 1._____10 was attacked , robbed, was taken, released, spent, left, had promised, be, waswalking ,was attacked.11______20 described, took, containing, was (just) turning, occurred, saw, was happening, rushed , ran, warn21_______25 be , walk, had, commented, beUnit 5 Follow-up Exercises1. a. that her cat likes bestb. Who doesn’t like the seac. why we hate the writing classd. you bought him as his birthday presente.(No relative clause)f. which is a western way to entertain friends and relativeswho prefer the western life styleg. I should ask forh. where he was born 50 years agoI. (No relative clause)j.who was always telling me to be scrupulous2.a. June 19th, 1978 was the day on which Garfied was born..b.Mom’s kitchen was the place where Garfield was born.c. Pirate and Masked Avenger are some of the nicknames that his friends give him.d. Taking a long nap is the sport that Garfield kikes most.e. Garfield himself is the person that he likes most.f. Hunger is the pressure that Garfield hates most.g.His glass is the friend that Garfield likes best.h. Italian noodles are the food Garfield likes most.i. Monday is the day that Garfield hates most.j. Hotdog is the “dog” that Garfield likes most.k. Coffee is the drink that Garfield likes most.l.“There have never been Italian noodles that I don’t like”is a quotation that Garfield usesmost often.3.Reference version:But he didn’t like the big, deep pond. It was full of strange plants. The water- snails that were supposed to be polite were rude to him, and he was afraid of the ducks that always tried to swallow him. The fish which had been described as fine didn’t like him, and he was the smallest frog there. He found that he was living a lonely and unhappy life.He sat on a broad water-lily leaf and croaked sadly to himself, “I don’t like it here. I think I will go back to my lovely tittle pond tomorrow.”But just at this moment, a hungry heron flew down and swallowed him up for supper.4. a. the old lady’s five kittensb. her second marriagec. all her blue French crystal wine cupsd. those two large shining diamond rings of yourse. My three jazz records bought in the States/the three jazz records I bought in the Satesf. half the delicious Ferman chocolate in the cang. some Brazilian footballers playing abroad5. Reference VersionSecond, advertisements can improve the reputation ot the company. More and more companies have knoen that advertisements can hilp them, so they make use of advertisements. If everyone knows their products, the products will be very famous. More people will buy them and the company can get more money. If the products are really good, many people will use them and then this company will become famous. Therefore, advertisements can help the company get better reputation .答案Unit Six Follow-up Exercises1. a. missing, describing the boyb. (No descriptive participle in this sentence)c. holding , describing the magiciand.(No descriptive participle in this sentence)e. sleeping, describing shef. living, describing everybodyg.(No descriptive participle in this sentence)i. knowing, describing Ij. (No descriptive participle in this sentence)2.Excerpt Aa. bringing (describing a 23-year-old Korean woman) to 15 the death tollb. staying (describing a 47-year-old American man) in the southern port of BusanExcerpt Ba. with doors locked(describing doors) and windows barred (describing windows)b. turning (describing cafes) them into fire trapsc. aging (describing students) about 18 or 19Excerpt Cd. responding(describing 7,000 people) to a major surveye. released (describing the survey) at the international Aids conference in BarcelonaExcerpt Df. affecting (describing heavy downpours) more than 15 million peopleg. causing (describing flood) 22 deaths and 15,000 houses to collapse3. A Wolf who had a bone stuck in his throat hired a Crane, for a large sum, to put her head into his mouth and draw out the bone. When the Crane had extracted the bone and demanded the promised payment, the Wolf, grinning and grining his te eth, exclaimed, “Why, you have surel already had a sufficient recompense, in having been permitted to draw out your head in safety from the mouth and jaws of a wolf.”4. Important PointsSpiders destroy so many insects, and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race.We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders.Spiders never do the least harm to us or our belongingsThere were more than 2,250,000 spiders in one acre of grass field.Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insectsThe weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.Reference version (omitted)Unit 71. a.____________e. or; and; and; but; butf._____________j but; and; but; yet/but, so; and2. a. Many children spend a lot of tume watching TV, and (they) like to talk about TV programswhen they meet.b. History repeats itself; historians repeat each other.c. I like beer, but I never drink beer in the morning or when the temperature drops below 5 degrees.d. I looked for the paper in my office, and ( I ) searched for it in my bedroom, but I couldn’t fi nd it .e. You can not learn to write well unless you really want to write well, ( you) practice a lot, and (you) learn from your own mistakes.f. A money lender serves you in the present tense, lends you in the conditional mood, keeps you in the subjunctive mood, snd ruins you in the future tense.3. Paragraph1: (1)____________(5) either; or; and; or; and Paragraph2: (6)____________(10) and; and; and; and; butUnit 8Part V Follow-Up Exercises1. a. That you have to teach the same textbook ye ar after year doesn’t mean that you have to teach it in the same way year after year.b. I doubt that this machine can greatly improve your listening ability within a week.c. Whether the chicken appeared before the egg or the other way round is a question that has puzzled people for a long time.d. They still cannot find out why the professor failed them in the exam.e. What has been troubling me is whether universities should simply serve as career training places.2. a. The baby wouldn’t stop crying unl ess his mother held him in her arms.b. What I want you to explain is why your wallet is empty now.c. The boy talks as if he were the teacher.d. Whether I should find a job or go on studying for a master’s degree is hard to decide.e. I’ll also give you the number of his mobile phone in case he isn’t in his office.3. a. Although very common about five years ago, beepers have almost disappeared now.b. If having tried harder, you might have persuaded your boss to postpone the deadlines for your project.c. When studying in the States, she used to take every chance to travel.d. If produced on the same assembly line, these products probably have the same quality.e. After working for four hours without stop, Tom appeared exhausted.4. The tired hikers slept for almost ten hours in the trail shelter. ThenRick woke up and hurried out of his cot when, looking out of the corner of his eye, he saw a black spider. At this point, his brother Hal woke up with a start and sneezed several times.Because Hal was coming down with a cold, Rick agreed to prepare the breakfas. He first fetched a canteen of orange juice which had cooled overnight from a nearby stream. Next, he strted a fire and set about boiling water for coffee and frying up some bacon and eggs. Meanwhile, Hal, wearing a heavy sweatshirt and gloves, sniffled, sipped some orange juice, and waited by the fire for a cup of coffer. Afer both had eaten, Rich was ready to plan another day’s hiking. But Hal was interested only in hiking to the nearby highway, to the bus that could drop him a block from his house.5. For year, students have been using the same methods of cheating on exams. One tried-and-true technique is the casual glance. Pretending to stare thoughtfullly out of the window, peripheral vision will be used to look at another student’s paper. Another all-time favorite methos, the pencil or pen drop, requires a helper. Dropping a pen and the diving for it, “Number seventeen” (or the number of some other question ) is whispered. Then, making a similar pen drop, the answer is whispered by the helper. The most elaboraate system, though, is writing up cheat sheets. Tucked up a shirtsleeve, pages of textbook material are condensed into tiny scraps of paper. No matter how smooth a cheater’sstyle is , however, the time-tested methods are often ineffective. Having been a student at one time , the same ones are probably familiar to inspector.5. (omitted)Extra Exercisea. John Denver’s last album sold nearly five million copies.b. She sat there in her nightgown, waiting for the coffee.c. Duiring the National Day holiday, you can find in every travel agency plans for both short-distance and long-distance trips.d. During the National Day holiday, you may see different styles of celebrations which represent the local culture.e. Packed tightly in a small bag, the clothes are very hard (for me ) to take out.f. (correct)g. When trying to lose weight, you should avoid all types of snacks.h. While I was going in the street, a white car rushed at me.i. At the age of mine, he had already been accepted as talented by many people around him.j. Tired and sleepy, we had no interest in the supper at all.Unit 9Part V Follow-up Exercises1. Paragraph AAfter years of trial and error, Disney finally found the character he was looking for. This character, called “Mickey Mouse,” was first introduced in the carton Plane Crazy and later found ultimate fame in Steamboat Willie, the first sound cartoon ever made and a great achievement for Disney, By 1930, after his fame had spread all over the world, Mickey was established as the cinema’s most popular cartoon character. Because Mickey was a moralist with a sense of fun, he became a character loved by all ages. In him, Walt Disney reached his peak of success.Paragraph BEnviromental protection will benefit us a lot. First, by making our air purer and water cleaner, we can improve our living condition. As we all know, a healthful living condition is essentila to our work and study. Second, environmental protection does good for the younger generation. It not only improves our children’s health, but also teaches our children agood attitude toward the environment. Third, environmental protection saves our resources. Since we can recycle used materials instead of throwing them away, we can get more material but produce less waste.2. There is only one child in many families in China, so many parents and grandparents love the child to such an extent that they do not allow them to do anything when think there may be a slight chance of their child getting hurt. May parents escort thir chil to school every morning. Therefore, when the child grows up, he still can’t do anything.Look at the picture. The girl wants to learn to ride a bike, but her parents an d granparents wouldn’t let go. I think these parents should have let the girl ride the bike by herself.It is bad for parents to love their children too much. If they help their children in everything, their children will always be unable to do their own work. When they grow up, these children will find that things are totally different in their woeking place.Therefore , parents should let their children do things on their own.3. a. A boy wants something very special from his father.b. A favor may not be a favor at all.c. I do play roles.Unit 10 Part V Follow-Up Exercise1. a. Mr. Longman has played the cellow for many years, but he now conducts an orchestra.b. The grass was growing wildly, but the crop, unfortunately, was dyinng.c. As I turned around, I heard a loud noise, for the bookshelf had collapsed.d The house was clean, the table set, and the porch light on; everything was ready for the guests’ arrival.e. The computer could calculate much faster and better han man; however, it could not think.f. The blizzard continued for a week; subsequently, they began to run out of food.g. In the first place, it was too cold to travel at this time of year; in the second place, we had no money.h. Kunming is my favourite city; in fact, I plan to spend a month there this summer.i. The young couple worked day and night to pay off the loan; at least ,they thought they could do it.j. I had to complete the assignment by Friday; otherwise, I would have failed the course.2. a. Nevertheless, I do not want to see him.b. Having decided to reduce weight, she had to give up all of her favorite snacks.c. As the ship turned about, a soxen solphins began to follow it.d. (correct)e. As I have mentioned, the machine breaks down occasionally.f. To give Mary a warm welcome, the family has prepared for a whole week.g. The four boys in the band are John, Calvin, Henry, and Steve.h. (correct)i. (correct)3. a. John decided, nonetheless, not to buy the car.b. Sam, having forgotten to save his work, lost all of his revisions when his computer crashed.c. Did you know that James Lee, the novelist and essayist, was also an artcritic?d. Charm, the women’s fashion magazine, recently incorporated with She, another fashion journal.e. (No revision is needed)f. Oil, which is lighter than water, rises to the surface.g.(No revision is neede)h. My cousin, who is a surgeon, went to America last month.i. Mr. Peterson—later to be nominated for Chairperson of the Small Enterprise Committee— had been charfed with bribery.j. However, Bernard Shaw’s main purpose is not to show the tragedy of St. Joan(that is alredy quite evident), but to explain the character of St.Joan .k. He requested (actually he pleaded)that his name be withheld.l. There was only one thing to do—study till dawn.4. a. Quotation marks should be used honestly and sparingly, when there is agenuine quotation at hand, and it is necessary to be very rigorous about the words enclosed by the marks. If something is to be quoted, the exact words must be used. If part of it must be left out because of space limitations, it is good manners to insert three dots to indicate the omission, but it is unethical to do this if it means connecting two thoughts which the original author did not intend to have tied together.b. The old man was thrown into confusion. One eye? How am I to know? He tried to recall what his wife Zeinab looked like, with her long gown and black headdress, the veil, and sometimes the black covering enveloping her face and sometimes removed and lying on her neck. He could picture her as she walked and sat, chewing a morsel and then taking it out of her mouth so as to plae it in that of her first-born. Her children. One eye. How am I to know? He could picture her stretched out on the bed, her eyes closed. The old man was in confusion and found himself saying,“When I call her she will know my voice.”The nurse soubted whether he was in fact visiting his wife; however, giving him another glance, she laughed at her sus picions and asked him, “How long have the two of you been married?”Again he was confused as he said, “Allah knows best—thirty, forty years…”。
广播电视编辑记者考试综合材料（一）
广播电视编辑记者考试综合材料（一）第一篇：广播电视编辑记者考试综合材料(一)广播电视编辑记者考试综合材料（一）广播电视编辑记者考试综合材料（一）一、单选题1：我国的有关法律规定，公民具有政治上的行为的法定年龄是（十八）岁。
2：决定公民行为能力的主要因素是（智力是否正常、能否预见自己的行为后果）、3：现行宪法规定，中央军委主席向（全国人大及其常委会）负责。
4：公民权力和义务的平等性一方面表现为公民在法律面前一录平等，另一方面表现为（公民平等地享有宪法和法律赋予地权利和自由，也平等地承担和履行宪法和法律规定地义务）5：中国政协是（有广泛代表性地统一战线组织）6：甲、乙两企业签订购销合同，为保证合同履行，甲按约给付对方4万元定金，乙企业违约，甲方有权要求乙付给（8万元）7：“坐地日行八万里，巡天遥看一天河。
”，著名诗句所蕴含地哲理是（物质运动地绝对性和静止的相对性的统一）8：世界的真正统一性在于它的（物质性）9：事物发展的动力是（矛盾的同一性和斗争性相结合）10：马克思主义普遍原理同中国革命具体实践结合原则的理论基础是（矛盾普遍性和矛盾的特殊性相互关系的原理）11：绝对真理和相对真理是（同一真理的两重属性）12：17世纪加利略被宗教裁判所监禁，1980年落马教皇不得不公开为他平反，这说明（真理最终将战胜谬误）13：人类社会发展最普遍、最根本的规律是（生产力与生产关系的相互作用）14：历史观的基本问题是（社会存在和社会意识）15：衡量生产水平的客观尺度是（劳动工具的状况）16：人类与动物最根本的区别是（人类会制造使用工具从事生产劳动，动物不会）17：“三个有利于”标准中最根本、处于核心地位的是（生产力是否发展）18：劳动力市场是劳动力资源的（交易和分配的场所）19：社会主义经济在资源的配置上，最为有效的体制是（社会主义市场经济）20：社会保险不包括（破产保险）21：社会主义初级阶段的非公有制是（社会主义经济重要组成部分）22：党的十一届三中全会以来，我国的改革从（农村）开始23：与发展社会主义市场经济相适应，必须建立主要由市场形成价格的机制，因为只有这样的价格机制，才能（反映价值和供求的变化，引导资源合理配置）24：反对霸权主义和强权政治，维护世界和平，是（我国外交政策的根本目标）25：王某准备在一本专著中引用张某发表在某杂志的观点，对此，王某（不必经过张某同意，也不支付报酬）26：侵犯著作权的自然人最多会处于（7年）的有期徒刑27：为境外窃取、收买、非法国家秘密、情报的犯罪主体是（可能是中国人、也可能是外国人或无国籍的人）28：共产党的先进性具体表现在（立党为公、执政为民）29：我国全面建设小康社会的奋斗目标是（国内生产总值到2020年比2000年翻两番）30：我国在雅典奥运会上共获（32枚）金牌，在金牌榜名列（第二）31：2005年，中央一号文件关注的是（三农）问题 32：今年是国籍反法西斯战争胜利（60周年）33：广播电视在涉及民族宗教宣传上要注意，在宣传中华文明史时要多提（中华民族）概念34：《中国广播电视编辑记者证》有效期（2年）35：县级以上广播电台和电视台的播音员、节目主持人应达到（普通话一级）水平36：《国际歌》词、《复活》《家》《女神》作者分别是（欧仁鲍狄埃、列夫托尔斯泰、巴金、郭沫若）37：一下作品、作家、国别（或朝代）对应全部正确的一项（《西厢记》——王实普—元代、《唐璜》—拜纶—英国）38：下列作品、作家的表示、错误一项是（塞万提斯，西班牙，著有《鲁滨逊漂流记》）39：下列有文学常识的表述，正确的一项是（我国古代的诗歌有古体诗和近体诗的分别。
广播电视新闻采访与写作复习题
广播电视新闻采访与写作复习题一、填空题1、公元15世纪末到16世纪末，出现了一传递信息为主的_______、________。
2、18世纪中期到19世纪中期________诞生，标志记者职业大军形成。
3、_______是世界上第一个开办彩色电视的国家。
4、________、________、________三位名记者的采访活动，标志着中国职业记者采访活动的深入发展。
5、4C标准包括清楚、简洁、准确、_______。
6、图像新闻通常特指在现场画面形象的动态消息，早期称为__________。
7、消息的结构中最不能缺少的部分是________。
1、1981年的_______是建国以来我国新闻工作者第一个成文的记者职业道德守则2、采访的基本方法是__________和_________。
3、二战的广播报道以爱德华默罗__________________的广播最为著名。
4、1835年，世界上第一家通讯社_______________。
5、___________民国初期的名记者被称为“新闻界全才”。
6、电视口头报道与广播口头报道的最大区别是__________。
7、解说词的作用主要是________、_________、_________画面。
二.名词解释。
1.倒金字塔结构：也称“倒三角”结构，是消息写作中最常用的一种结构方式。
它起源于美国南北战争和电报的运用。
它把最重要、最新鲜的事实放在新闻导语里，导语中把最重要的事实放在最前边，导语以后各段按事情内容重要程度排列。
常用于事件性新闻。
（Ｐ３１８）２.隐性采访：是指在采访对象不知情的情况下，通过偷拍、偷录等方式，或者隐瞒记者的身份，获取已发生或正在发生的新闻素材的采访形式。
３.参与性非匿名观察（采访）：在这种观察采访中，记者同采访对象一道进行相同的活动，但是不是匿名的而是亮明身份一边体验感受一边观察。
（Ｐ１３０）４.新闻特写：把现实社会生活中发生的事件给予“放大”和“再现”，给人留下深刻的印象。
写作教程(一)unit 1标准答案
Unit 1PART Ⅱ FOCUSDenotation and ConnotationSuggested answer to the questionIf it is your teacher, most probably you will choose b, as the word portly has an implication of a more or less dignified and imposing appearance (e.g. an elderly gentleman, large and portly). However, if it is a doorkeeper, an amiable middle-aged woman, you may choose the word plump as it implies a pleasing fullness of figure (e.g. the plump goddesses of Renaissance paintings). From this exercise we can conclude that words that share the same denotative meanings can be diverse in their connotative meanings.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.father: the male parent. It connotes support and sternness; it also connotesprotection but in a serious fashion.wildflower: uncultivated plant; it connotes vitality and pleasantness.spirit, and toughness.b. Anyway, she has the characteristics of a woman, such as frailty and delicacy. AttitudeReference for the Classroom ActivitiesCollocationSuggested answers to the exercisea.do somebody a favorb.do somebody goodc.make a gestured.do evile.do harmf.make an effortReference for the Classroom Activities1.1) D 2) D 3) A 4) B 5) C 6) C 7) BFalse FriendsSuggested answers to the questionThe misunderstanding occurs due to the use of homonyms or false friends—flour or flower, ground (as the past participle of the verb grind) and ground (meaning the solid surface of the earth). In this excerpt, the use of false friends adds a humorous effect to the text.Reference for the Classroom Activities1.The false friends are lie meaning to keep one’s body in a flat position, and liemeaning to say something dishonest.2. a. Your fever rose yesterday.b. That racket is bad enough to make Aunt Ella’s eyebrows raised.c. Jack has been lying around all day.d. The soldiers laid aside their weapons.e. A heavy fog lay over the land.f. White stationery is always appropriate.g. Is that table stationary, or can it be moved to another corner of the room?h. It is easier to talk about a principle than to live by it.i. Our principal played on the faculty football team against the schoolall-stars.3. Some other false friends:fair vs. fareIt’s not fair to put all the blame on him.Bus fares are going up again.passed vs. pastI passed the landlady on the stairs this morning.Several boys went past us on mountain bikes.intense vs. intensiveShe suddenly felt an intense pain in her stomach.He took an intensive course on English.farther vs. furtherThe fog’s so thick; I can’t see farther than about five meters.Every day she thinks further and further into depression.PART III GARMMARSubject-Verb AgreementWhen the subject is compoundWhen the subject expresses quantityReference for the Classroom Activitiesa.He was one of the candidates who were able to carry out their campaign pledges.He was the only one of the candidates who was able to carry out his campaign pledges.b.What he wants is just a little love from his foster parents.What one thinks and says are not always the same.c.There is a cherry tree and several orchid flowers in the garden.Reference for the Classroom Activitiesa.Nobody in town admits seeing him.b.Does anyone want to go with me?c.Are any of you going to the exhibition?d.None works/work so hard as he does.e.Books are her chief source of enjoyment.f.The one thing you must be ready for is their attempts to break up the meeting.g.The jury is finally complete.h.The jury were divided in their opinions.i.New York Times is his bible.Notes (I)Sample 1Suggested answers to the questions1.Notes are the simplest and shortest form of written communication and they arequick, easy and convenient.2. A note has three essential components:--the addressee—the person(s) to whom the note is written;--the message;--the sender.3. Notes are characterized by their brevity, informality in style, and dedication to a single topic.Sample 2Suggested answers to the questions1.The date is put at the upper right-hand corner. Besides the date or weekday, youmay, at times, need to state the hour or even the minute.2.You can add the word Dear before the addressee’s name and a complimentaryclose.3. A complimentary close is put before your signature as the sample show.PART V FOLLOW-UP EXERCISESa. The little boy was chicken-hearted.b. The statesman is a respectable figure in the political arena.c. We sat down by the oak tree, enjoying the breeze coming from the lake.d. We need to drink the milk before it sours.e. The child had difficulty finding his way to school.f. The young woman received a lot of flowers and gifts.g. My father drew back the curtain a little lest I see him.h. Our university can accommodate 4000 students.i. Social customs vary greatly from country to country.2. The writer’s attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences.3. (1) experienced (2) elapsed (3) attempting (4) with(5) take up (6) made (7) endeavor (8) true4. a. The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.b. We suppose that a referee should be disinterested but not uninterested.c. Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.d. We must pursue this matter further.e. The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.f. All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.g. The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.h. The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.i. (correct)j. He was awaked to the risk.5. My sister Lulu accepted a scholarship to study in the UK. She had done very well in school and the principal thought that living with a British family would teachher a lot. Mother said she would let her go if she bought a box of stationery and promised to write home every week. She said that she would live up to her promise and she always does pretty well in living up to her principles. Soon after she arrived in the UK., she adapted to her new environment. Her new life did not affect her a great deal. She knew that as a student she had to be economical and she was not self-conscious of her poor clothing and strange accent. These were the things she was uninterested in; what fascinated her instead was the cultural differences between the two countries. She found people there liked to pay compliments and were more credulous to what she said. Of course, she never lied to them about her motherland. Though she experienced cultural shocks continually, she developed a fair attitude towards the other culture. In the proceeding years, she settled down in the UK. and became a person with an alternative cultural identity.6. a. Sixty hours is the amount of work time I contracted for.b. The jury is expected to reach its decision very quickly.c. Each of the candidates for the position has exceptionally high qualifications.d. Every boy and girl in the sixth grade was/is eager to win the contest.e. Corn bread and milk is a popular breakfast in the rural South.f. The instructor as well as the students was at fault.g. He is one of the students who plan to attend the speech contest.h. The jury are to be isolated in individual hotel rooms each night during the trial.i. Sam sprawled in the chair and knocked over one of the lamps which were on display.j. The symptoms of mercury poisoning vary with each individual case.k. He believes that athletics improves school morale.l. Up goes the starter’s gun, and each of the runners becomes tense.m. Either The Times or The Tribune is a reliable source of news.n. The first thing that catches your eye is the headlines.o. She is one of the women who have made this country what it is.。
写作教程1详细标准答案
Unit OnePart V Follow-up Exercises1.a.mouse-hearted: →chicken-heartedb.politician: →statesmanc.wind:→breezed.utilize: →drinke.ascertaining: →findingf.was bombarded with→received a lot ofg.opened→drew backh.contain→accommodatei.habits→customs2. The writer’s attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences.3.(1)___(4) experienced, elapsed, attempting, with(5)___(8) take up, made, endeavor, true4. a. The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.b. We suppose that a feferee should be disinterested but not uninterested.c. Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.e. The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.f. All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.g. The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.h.The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.i.(correct)j. He was awake to the risk.5. The first line: principle→principalThe second line: stationary →stationeryThe fourth line: adopted →adaptedThe fifth line : effect →affectThe sixth line: economic →economical; self-conscience→self-consciousThe seventh line: disinterested→uninterestedThe ninth line: credible →credulousThe eleventh line: continuously →continually6. a. isb. is expectedc. hasd.was/ise. isf. wasg. planh. arei. werej. varuk.improvesl.becomesm. isn. iso. haveAnswer to Unit 22. Translate the following Chinese idioms into English and see if they are literally translateda. play a minor roleb. That’s Greek to me.c. belated action/adviced. Where there is smoke, there is fire.e. an evil creaturef. walk into the trapg. one’s face glowing with health3. Delete unnecessary words or repeated meaning in the sentences below and make improvemnents. Then compare the two versions and see how the two differ.a. We must practice economy. /We must reduce unnecessary expenditures.b. It is essential to control environmental pollution.c. We must arrive at the station on time.d. Financial wxpenditures should be arranged in order of priority.e. We should speed up constructions of urban housing so as to improve the housing condition.f. To be allowed to make profits, private capital has to meet two conditions：1) the profits must be legal, and 2)they must not be excessive.g. During the period of the Tenth Five-Year Plan we must never neglect grain production. Instead,m we must steadily increase it.4. Reference version|In feudal China, women had low social status, and were regarded as inferior to men. Thanks to the women’s liberationmovement, women have achieved equal status with men, which is established by the law. But in fact, they still can’t enjoy equal rights with men.At home, wives are expected to do all the housework, which is obviously unfair.Husband and wife should share the housework and family responsibilities. But in some families husbands usually get angry when they find the cleaning or cooking unfinished by their wives. One can’t help wondering why they don’t it by them selves.I think women should be spiritually and financially independent if they want real equality. In order to do that , they have to learn as much as men so as to find a good job. Appearance is no longer important to women. It is their ability that can bring them a good job rather than their appearance. So I think the best way for women to win more rights is to receive good education.5. a._____e ：me, who, I, me/myselff._____j ：each other’s, who, us, whom, us, whom, Somek______n ：one’s, his, his; his, his6. a. We are all born into this world as equals, but for various reasons, not all of us are treated as equals. This inequality begins when we reach the age of five, for this is when we will enter elementary school. In school, we are no longer “Mommy’s little darling.” We now have to prove ourselves to the other children and also to our teacher., If we seemdifferent from the other students, we are treatred differently, and these differnces could be anything: pants, shoes, speech, religion and so forth. Rigtht from the start, we think that as long as we are different, there is something wrong with us.b. There are those who assume that since I can’t see, I obviously cannot hear.Very often people will talk with me at the top ot their lungs, uttering each word very carefully. On the other hand, people will also often whisper, assuming that since my eyes don’t work, my ears don’t either. For example, when I go to the airport and ask the ticket agent for assistance to the plane, he or she will invariably pick ud the phone, call a ground hostess and whisper:“Hi, Jane, we’ve got a 76 here.” I have concluded that the word “ blind” is not used for one of two reasonsLeither they fear that if the dread word is spoken, the ticket agent’retina will detach, or they are reluctant to inform me of my condition of which I may not have been previously aware.Unit 3 Part V1. a. When I was aggigned a certain task, I did it to my best ability.b. Fog can cause blindness.c. Recently I joined a social club which raises money for the care ofneedy children, and we meet every Wednesday afternoon.d. An essay should be understandable to the reader.e. Many items are expensive at discount stores.f. Bears that have just come out of hibernation are usually hungry and dangerous.g. The author should have shortened the story by half.h. The city’s enviromnmentalsurroundings are not the most comfortable.i. I learned certain facts that I believe are vital to every freshman.2. a. simmer: cook food fently at or just below boiling point.saute: fry quickly in a little hot fatbake: cook by using diret heat in an ovenb. Other verbs about cooking include roast, steam, braise, fry, dee-fry, boil, poach, scramble, grill, stew, curry, baste, barbecue.3. a. For dinner we had barbecued steaks and sweet corn.b. Last week my brother John joined an insurance company.c.He is not a friendly and easy-goibg colleague.d. Our view of the sea at sunset was splendid/breathtaking.e. It was a fine day to play outdoors.f. What impressed me most about the city was the hustle and buslte in the streets.4. There are seize, hurl, choke, blind,m leap, flee, etc.5.a. I admire Jenny’s long black glossy hair so much..b.The fearless explorer finally landed at the South Pole.c. Fast driving on a smooth road can be great fun.d. John and I often wrote each other long e-mails full of jokes.e. The pale skinny woman fainted suddenly.6. a. I invited the vistiting professor to the English Club.b. Shooting stars warn us of catastrophe.c. The deleted sentence was unnecessary.d. Stephanie tiptoed up the carpeted steps.e. The students attending the art school are highly active.f. The taped dollar bill split in half.g. Amy was the only winning contestant who was below 10.h. The freshly painted house shone in the sun.7. a. indescribably b. dark c. occasional d. steadily e. surely, bad f. terribly8. a. At his mother’s request, he agreed to wait at least a year before getting married.b.Half of the girls in town were in love with Ben, but he wanted to marry Christine only.c. Hohn hopes that in the years to come he can be as successful as his father has been.d. The winter of the contest ate almost three soxen frankfurters.e. Debbie knew that chicken when fried always please Ed.f. May could no t resist the temptation to whisper in her friend’s ear about what she has seen.Unit 4 Part V Follow_Up Exercise1. a. I can see the Central Park frim my window..b. He insisted on seeing the manager, only to anger the saleswoman.c. I has to control my urge to laugh at his predicament.d. We must contimue measuring and assessing children’s performance.e. A presidential commission has already investigated the causes of the nuclear accident.f. Mary had to give up the plan to travel as far as Denver, because her money ran out while she was still in Chicago.2. At the sound of a bell, I entered the huge red building along with hundreds of others. Just inside the entrance, a mean-looking old ladywas yelling instructions at us. I clutched my lunchbox, and followed a crowd of six-year-olds down a long hallway, up some steps, and down another corridor. We were looking for Mrs. Nearing’s room. I knew we had reahed our destination when a tall, black-haired woman greeted me loudly. She asked me my name. Then she printed it on a sticky tag, pressed it to my chest. Inside the room I could see several other six-year-olds, some of them big. Finally Mrs. Nearing closed the classroom door and make a loud bang. A network of wires prevented the small pane of glass near the top from shattering. To my imagination, the wires looked like the bars in a prison. I was back in school.3. As Prime Minister of Britain from 1940-1945, Churchill led his country through Workd War II, but immediately after the war he was voted out of office. Later he regained his position as prime minister. After he left that offie in 1955, he enjoyed great popularity for the rest of his life, and when he died in 1965, he was acclaimed as a national hero.4. a. The trees stand nearly barren;their leaves lie on the ground.b. The actor opens the Bible and begins reading the Song of Solomon.c. The Puritans were in some ways severe, but they led lives of deep devotion to what they believed.d. That experience taught me that family ties are the most enduring.e. When their party came back to the camp site, ours had already arrived two hours earlier.f. It seems a long time since we last met.g. Sherry flew home, but her grandfather had already died.h.I will visit you whenever I get the chance.i. His mother insists that he return now.j. If Siberia were in a warmer region, its population would be larger.k. That bell sounds as though it were cracked.l. It is important that he find a suitable job.5. 1._____10 was attacked , robbed, was taken, released, spent, left, had promised, be, waswalking ,was attacked.11______20 described, took, containing, was (just) turning, occurred, saw, was happening, rushed , ran, warn21_______25 be , walk, had, commented, beUnit 5 Follow-up Exercises1. a. that her cat likes bestb. Who doesn’t like the seac. why we hate the writing classd. you bought him as his birthday presente.(No relative clause)f. which is a western way to entertain friends and relativeswho prefer the western life styleg. I should ask forh. where he was born 50 years agoI. (No relative clause)j.who was always telling me to be scrupulous2.a. June 19th, 1978 was the day on which Garfied was born..b.Mom’s kitchen was the place where Garfield was born.c. Pirate and Masked Avenger are some of the nicknames that his friends give him.d. Taking a long nap is the sport that Garfield kikes most.e. Garfield himself is the person that he likes most.f. Hunger is the pressure that Garfield hates most.g.His glass is the friend that Garfield likes best.h. Italian noodles are the food Garfield likes most.i. Monday is the day that Garfield hates most.j. Hotdog is the “dog” that Garfield likes most.k. Coffee is the drink that Garfield likes most.l.“There have never been Italian noodles that I don’t like”is a quotation that Garfield usesmost often.3.Reference version:But he didn’t like the big, deep pond. It was full of strange plants. The water- snails that were supposed to be polite were rude to him, and he was afraid of the ducks that always tried to swallow him. The fish which had been described as fine didn’t like him, and he was the smallest frog there. He found that he was living a lonely and unhappy life.He sat on a broad water-lily leaf and croaked sadly to himself, “I don’t like it here. I think I will go back to my lov ely tittle pond tomorrow.”But just at this moment, a hungry heron flew down and swallowed him up for supper.4. a. the old lady’s five kittensb. her second marriagec. all her blue French crystal wine cupsd. those two large shining diamond rings of yourse. My three jazz records bought in the States/the three jazz records I bought in the Satesf. half the delicious Ferman chocolate in the cang. some Brazilian footballers playing abroad5. Reference VersionSecond, advertisements can improve the reputation ot the company. More and more companies have knoen that advertisements can hilp them, so they make use of advertisements. If everyone knows their products, the products will be very famous. More people will buy them and the company can get more money. If the products are really good, many people will use them and then this company will become famous. Therefore, advertisements can help the company get better reputation .答案Unit Six Follow-up Exercises1. a. missing, describing the boyb. (No descriptive participle in this sentence)c. holding , describing the magiciand.(No descriptive participle in this sentence)e. sleeping, describing shef. living, describing everybodyg.(No descriptive participle in this sentence)i. knowing, describing Ij. (No descriptive participle in this sentence)2.Excerpt Aa. bringing (describing a 23-year-old Korean woman) to 15 the death tollb. staying (describing a 47-year-old American man) in the southern port of BusanExcerpt Ba. with doors locked(describing doors) and windows barred (describing windows)b. turning (describing cafes) them into fire trapsc. aging (describing students) about 18 or 19Excerpt Cd. responding(describing 7,000 people) to a major surveye. released (describing the survey) at the international Aids conference inBarcelonaExcerpt Df. affecting (describing heavy downpours) more than 15 million peopleg. causing (describing flood) 22 deaths and 15,000 houses to collapse3. A Wolf who had a bone stuck in his throat hired a Crane, for a large sum, to put her head into his mouth and draw out the bone. When the Crane had extracted the bone and demanded the promised payment, the Wolf, grinning an d grining his teeth, exclaimed, “Why, you have surel already had a sufficient recompense, in having been permitted to draw out your head in safety from the mouth and jaws of a wolf.”4. Important PointsSpiders destroy so many insects, and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race.We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders.Spiders never do the least harm to us or our belongingsThere were more than 2,250,000 spiders in one acre of grass field.Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insectsThe weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.Reference version (omitted)Unit 71. a.____________e. or; and; and; but; butf._____________j but; and; but; yet/but, so; and2. a. Many children spend a lot of tume watching TV, and (they) like to talk about TV programswhen they meet.b. History repeats itself; historians repeat each other.c. I like beer, but I never drink beer in the morning or when thetemperature drops below 5 degrees.d. I looked for the paper in my office, and ( I ) searched for it in my bedroom, but I couldn’t find it .e. You can not learn to write well unless you really want to write well, ( you) practice a lot, and (you) learn from your own mistakes.f. A money lender serves you in the present tense, lends you in the conditional mood, keeps you in the subjunctive mood, snd ruins you in the future tense.3. Paragraph1: (1)____________(5) either; or; and; or; and Paragraph2: (6)____________(10) and; and; and; and; butUnit 8Part V Follow-Up Exercises1. a. That you have to teach the same textbook year after year doesn’t mean that you have to teach it in the same way year after year.b. I doubt that this machine can greatly improve your listening ability within a week.c. Whether the chicken appeared before the egg or the other way round is a question that has puzzled people for a long time.d. They still cannot find out why the professor failed them in the exam.e. What has been troubling me is whether universities should simply serve as career training places.2. a. The baby wouldn’t stop crying unless his mother held him in her arms.b. What I want you to explain is why your wallet is empty now.c. The boy talks as if he were the teacher.d. Whether I should find a job or go on studying for a master’s degree is hard to decide.e. I’ll also give you the number of his mobile phone in case he isn’t in his office.3. a. Although very common about five years ago, beepers have almost disappeared now.b. If having tried harder, you might have persuaded your boss to postpone the deadlines for your project.c. When studying in the States, she used to take every chance to travel.d. If produced on the same assembly line, these products probably have the same quality.e. After working for four hours without stop, Tom appeared exhausted.4. The tired hikers slept for almost ten hours in the trail shelter. Then Rick woke up and hurried out of his cot when, looking out of the corner of his eye, he saw a black spider. At this point, his brother Hal woke up with a start and sneezed several times.Because Hal was coming down with a cold, Rick agreed to prepare the breakfas. He first fetched a canteen of orange juice which had cooled overnight from a nearby stream. Next, he strted a fire and set about boiling water for coffee and frying up some bacon and eggs. Meanwhile, Hal, wearing a heavy sweatshirt and gloves, sniffled, sipped some orange juice, and waited by the fire for a cup of coffer. Afer both had eaten, Rich was ready to plan another day’s hiking. But Hal was interested only in hiking to the nearby highway, to the bus that could drop him a block from his house.5. For year, students have been using the same methods of cheating on exams. One tried-and-true technique is the casual glance. Pretending to stare thoughtfullly out of the window, peripheral vision will be used to look at another student’s paper. Another al l-time favoritemethos, the pencil or pen drop, requires a helper. Dropping a pen and the diving for it, “Number seventeen” (or the number of some other question ) is whispered. Then, making a similar pen drop, the answer is whispered by the helper. The most elaboraate system, though, is writing up cheat sheets. Tucked up a shirtsleeve, pages of textbook material are condensed into tiny scraps of paper. No matter how smooth a cheater’s style is , however, the time-tested methods are often ineffective. Having been a student at one time , the same ones are probably familiar to inspector.5. (omitted)Extra Exercisea. John Denver’s last album sold nearly five million copies.b. She sat there in her nightgown, waiting for the coffee.c. Duiring the National Day holiday, you can find in every travel agency plans for both short-distance and long-distance trips.d. During the National Day holiday, you may see different styles of celebrations which represent the local culture.e. Packed tightly in a small bag, the clothes are very hard (for me ) to take out.f. (correct)g. When trying to lose weight, you should avoid all types of snacks.h. While I was going in the street, a white car rushed at me.i. At the age of mine, he had already been accepted as talented by many people around him.j. Tired and sleepy, we had no interest in the supper at all.Unit 9Part V Follow-up Exercises1. Paragraph AAfter years of trial and error, Disney finally found the character he was looking for. This character, called “Mickey Mouse,” was first introduced in the carton Plane Crazy and later found ultimate fame in Steamboat Willie, the first sound cartoon ever made and a great achievement for Disney, By 1930, after his fame had spread all over the world, Mickey was established as the cinema’s most popular cartoon character. Because Mickey was a moralist with a sense of fun, he became a character loved by all ages. In him, Walt Disney reached his peak of success.Paragraph BEnviromental protection will benefit us a lot. First, by making our air purer and water cleaner, we can improve our living condition. As we all know, a healthful living condition is essentila to our work and study. Second, environmental protection does good for the younger generation. It not only improves our children’s health, but also teaches our children a good attitude toward the environment. Third, environmental protection saves our resources. Since we can recycle used materials instead of throwing them away, we can get more material but produce less waste.2. There is only one child in many families in China, so many parents and grandparents love the child to such an extent that they do not allow them to do anything when think there may be a slight chance of their child getting hurt. May parents escort thir chil to school every morning. Therefore, when the child grows up, he still can’t do anything.Look at the picture. The girl wants to learn to ride a bike, but her parents and granparents wouldn’t let go. I think these parents should have let the girl ride the bike by herself.It is bad for parents to love their children too much. If they help their children in everything, their children will always be unable to do their own work. When they grow up, these children will find thatthings are totally different in their woeking place.Therefore , parents should let their children do things on their own.3. a. A boy wants something very special from his father.b. A favor may not be a favor at all.c. I do play roles.Unit 10 Part V Follow-Up Exercise1. a. Mr. Longman has played the cellow for many years, but he now conducts an orchestra.b. The grass was growing wildly, but the crop, unfortunately, was dyinng.c. As I turned around, I heard a loud noise, for the bookshelf had collapsed.d The house was clean, the table set, and the porch light on; everything was ready for the guests’ arrival.e. The computer could calculate much faster and better han man;however, it could not think.f. The blizzard continued for a week; subsequently, they began to run out of food.g. In the first place, it was too cold to travel at this time of year; in the second place, we had no money.h. Kunming is my favourite city; in fact, I plan to spend a month there this summer.i. The young couple worked day and night to pay off the loan; at least , they thought they could do it.j. I had to complete the assignment by Friday; otherwise, I would have failed the course.2. a. Nevertheless, I do not want to see him.b. Having decided to reduce weight, she had to give up all of her favorite snacks.c. As the ship turned about, a soxen solphins began to follow it.d. (correct)e. As I have mentioned, the machine breaks down occasionally.f. To give Mary a warm welcome, the family has prepared for a whole week.g. The four boys in the band are John, Calvin, Henry, and Steve.h. (correct)i. (correct)3. a. John decided, nonetheless, not to buy the car.b. Sam, having forgotten to save his work, lost all of his revisions when his computer crashed.c. Did you know that James Lee, the novelist and essayist, was also an art critic?d. Charm, the women’s fashion magazine, recently incorporated with She, another fashion journal.e. (No revision is needed)f. Oil, which is lighter than water, rises to the surface.g.(No revision is neede)h. My cousin, who is a surgeon, went to America last month.i. Mr. Peterson—later to be nominated for Chairperson of the Small Enterprise Committee— had been charfed with bribery.j. However, Bernard Shaw’s main purpose is not to show th e tragedy of St. Joan(that is alredy quite evident), but to explain the character of St.Joan .k. He requested (actually he pleaded)that his name be withheld.l. There was only one thing to do—study till dawn.4. a. Quotation marks should be used honestly and sparingly, when there is agenuine quotation at hand, and it is necessary to be very rigorous about the words enclosed by the marks. If something is to be quoted, the exact words must be used. If part of it must be left out because of space limitations, it is good manners to insert three dots to indicate the omission, but it is unethical to do this if it means connecting two thoughts which the original author did not intend to have tied together.b. The old man was thrown into confusion. One eye? How am I to know? He tried to recall what his wife Zeinab looked like, with her long gown and black headdress, the veil, and sometimes the black covering enveloping her face and sometimes removed and lying on her neck. He could picture her as she walked and sat, chewing a morsel and then taking it out of her mouth so as to plae it in that of her first-born. Her children. One eye. How am I to know? He could picture her stretched out on the bed, her eyes closed. The old man was in confusion and found himself saying,“When I call her she will know my voice.”The nurse soubted whether he was in fact visiting his wife; however, giving him another glance, she laughed at her suspicions and asked him, “How long have the two of you been married?”Ag ain he was confused as he said, “Allah knows best—thirty, forty years…”版权申明本文部分内容，包括文字、图片、以及设计等在网上搜集整理.版权为个人所有This article includes some parts, including text, pictures, and design. Copyright is personal ownership.wq1Oh。
写作教程1 答案(整理).doc
Unit OnePart V Follow-up Exercises1.a.mouse-hearted: →chicken-heartedb.politician: →statesmanc.wind:→breezed.utilize: →drinke.ascertaining: →findingf.was bombarded with→received a lot ofg.opened→drew backh.contain→accommodatei.habits→customs2. The writer’s attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences.3.(1)___(4) experienced, elapsed, attempting, with(5)___(8) take up, made, endeavor, true4. a. The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.b. We suppose that a feferee should be disinterested but not uninterested.c. Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.e. The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.f. All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.g. The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.h.The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.i.(correct)j. He was awake to the risk.5. The first line: principle→principalThe second line: stationary →stationeryThe fourth line: adopted →adaptedThe fifth line : effect →affectThe sixth line: economic →economical; self-conscience→self-consciousThe seventh line: disinterested→uninterestedThe ninth line: credible →credulousThe eleventh line: continuously →continually6. a. isb. is expectedc. hasd.was/ise. isf. wasg. planh. arei. werej. varuk.improvesl.becomesm. isn. iso. haveAnswer to Unit 22. Translate the following Chinese idioms into English and see if they are literally translateda. play a minor roleb. That’s Greek to me.c. belated action/adviced. Where there is smoke, there is fire.e. an evil creaturef. walk into the trapg. one’s face glowing with health3. Delete unnecessary words or repeated meaning in the sentences below and make improvemnents. Then compare the two versions and see how the two differ.a. We must practice economy. /We must reduce unnecessary expenditures.b. It is essential to control environmental pollution.c. We must arrive at the station on time.d. Financial wxpenditures should be arranged in order of priority.e. We should speed up constructions of urban housing so as to improve the housing condition.f. To be allowed to make profits, private capital has to meet two conditions：1) the profits must be legal, and 2)they must not be excessive.g. During the period of the Tenth Five-Year Plan we must never neglect grain production. Instead,m we must steadily increase it.4. Reference version|In feudal China, women had low social status, and were regarded as inferior to men. Thanks to the women’s liberationmovement, women have achieved equal status with men, which is established by the law. But in fact, they still can’t enjoy equal rights with men.At home, wives are expected to do all the housework, which is obviously unfair.Husband and wife should share the housework and family responsibilities. But in some families husbands usually get angry when they find the cleaning or cooking unfinished by their wives. One can’t help wondering why they don’t it by themselves.I think women should be spiritually and financially independent if they want real equality. In order to do that , they have to learn as much as men so as to find a good job. Appearance is no longer important to women. It is their ability that can bring them a good job rather than their appearance. So I think the best way for women to win more rights is to receive good education.5. a._____e ：me, who, I, me/myselff._____j ：each other’s, who, us, whom, us, whom, Somek______n ：one’s, his, his; his, his6. a. We are all born into this world as equals, but for various reasons, not all of us are treated as equals. This inequality begins when we reach the age of five, for this is when we will enter elementary school. In school, we are no longer “Mommy’s little darling.” We now have to prove ourselves to the other children and also to our teacher., If we seemdifferent from the other students, we are treatred differently, and these differnces could be anything: pants, shoes, speech, religion and so forth. Rigtht from the start, we think that as long as we are different, there is something wrong with us.b. There are those who assume that since I can’t see, I obviously cannot hear.Very often people will talk with me at the top ot their lungs, uttering each word very carefully. On the other hand, people will also often whisper, assuming that since my eyes don’t work, my ears don’t either. For example, when I go to the airport and ask the ticket agent for assistance to the plane, he or she will invariably pick ud the phone, call a ground hostess and whisper:“Hi, Jane, we’ve got a 76 here.” I have concluded that the word “ blind” is not used for one of two reasonsLeither they fear that if the dread word is spoken, the ticket agent’retina will detach, or they are reluctant to inform me of my condition of which I may not have been previously aware.Unit 3 Part V1. a. When I was aggigned a certain task, I did it to my best ability.b. Fog can cause blindness.c. Recently I joined a social club which raises money for the care ofneedy children, and we meet every Wednesday afternoon.d. An essay should be understandable to the reader.e. Many items are expensive at discount stores.f. Bears that have just come out of hibernation are usually hungry and dangerous.g. The author should have shortened the story by half.h. The city’s enviromnmentalsurroundings are not the most comfortable.i. I learned certain facts that I believe are vital to every freshman.2. a. simmer: cook food fently at or just below boiling point.saute: fry quickly in a little hot fatbake: cook by using diret heat in an ovenb. Other verbs about cooking include roast, steam, braise, fry, dee-fry, boil, poach, scramble, grill, stew, curry, baste, barbecue.3. a. For dinner we had barbecued steaks and sweet corn.b. Last week my brother John joined an insurance company.c.He is not a friendly and easy-goibg colleague.d. Our view of the sea at sunset was splendid/breathtaking.e. It was a fine day to play outdoors.f. What impressed me most about the city was the hustle and buslte in the streets.4. There are seize, hurl, choke, blind,m leap, flee, etc.5.a. I admire Jenny’s long black glossy hair so much..b.The fearless explorer finally landed at the South Pole.c. Fast driving on a smooth road can be great fun.d. John and I often wrote each other long e-mails full of jokes.e. The pale skinny woman fainted suddenly.6. a. I invited the vistiting professor to the English Club.b. Shooting stars warn us of catastrophe.c. The deleted sentence was unnecessary.d. Stephanie tiptoed up the carpeted steps.e. The students attending the art school are highly active.f. The taped dollar bill split in half.g. Amy was the only winning contestant who was below 10.h. The freshly painted house shone in the sun.7. a. indescribably b. dark c. occasional d. steadily e. surely, bad f. terribly8. a. At his mother’s request, he agreed to wait at least a year before getting married.b.Half of the girls in town were in love with Ben, but he wanted to marry Christine only.c. Hohn hopes that in the years to come he can be as successful as hisfather has been.d. The winter of the contest ate almost three soxen frankfurters.e. Debbie knew that chicken when fried always please Ed.f. May could not resist the temptation to whisper in her friend’s ear about what she has seen.Unit 4 Part V Follow_Up Exercise1. a. I can see the Central Park frim my window..b. He insisted on seeing the manager, only to anger the saleswoman.c. I has to control my urge to laugh at his predicament.d. We must contimue measuring and assessing children’s performance.e. A presidential commission has already investigated the causes of the nuclear accident.f. Mary had to give up the plan to travel as far as Denver, because her money ran out while she was still in Chicago.2. At the sound of a bell, I entered the huge red building along with hundreds of others. Just inside the entrance, a mean-looking old lady was yelling instructions at us. I clutched my lunchbox, and followed a crowd of six-year-olds down a long hallway, up some steps, and downanother corridor. We were looking for Mrs. Nearing’s room. I knew we had reahed our destination when a tall, black-haired woman greeted me loudly. She asked me my name. Then she printed it on a sticky tag, pressed it to my chest. Inside the room I could see several other six-year-olds, some of them big. Finally Mrs. Nearing closed the classroom door and make a loud bang. A network of wires prevented the small pane of glass near the top from shattering. To my imagination, the wires looked like the bars in a prison. I was back in school.3. As Prime Minister of Britain from 1940-1945, Churchill led his country through Workd War II, but immediately after the war he was voted out of office. Later he regained his position as prime minister. After he left that offie in 1955, he enjoyed great popularity for the rest of his life, and when he died in 1965, he was acclaimed as a national hero.4. a. The trees stand nearly barren;their leaves lie on the ground.b. The actor opens the Bible and begins reading the Song of Solomon.c. The Puritans were in some ways severe, but they led lives of deep devotion to what they believed.d. That experience taught me that family ties are the most enduring.e. When their party came back to the camp site, ours had already arrived two hours earlier.f. It seems a long time since we last met.g. Sherry flew home, but her grandfather had already died.h.I will visit you whenever I get the chance.i. His mother insists that he return now.j. If Siberia were in a warmer region, its population would be larger.k. That bell sounds as though it were cracked.l. It is important that he find a suitable job.5. 1._____10 was attacked , robbed, was taken, released, spent, left, had promised, be, waswalking ,was attacked.11______20 described, took, containing, was (just) turning, occurred, saw, was happening, rushed , ran, warn21_______25 be , walk, had, commented, beUnit 5 Follow-up Exercises1. a. that her cat likes bestb. Who doesn’t like the seac. why we hate the writing classd. you bought him as his birthday presente.(No relative clause)f. which is a western way to entertain friends and relativeswho prefer the western life styleg. I should ask forh. where he was born 50 years agoI. (No relative clause)j.who was always telling me to be scrupulous2.a. June 19th, 1978 was the day on which Garfied was born..b.Mom’s kitchen was the place where Garfield was born.c. Pirate and Masked Avenger are some of the nicknames that his friends give him.d. Taking a long nap is the sport that Garfield kikes most.e. Garfield himself is the person that he likes most.f. Hunger is the pressure that Garfield hates most.g.His glass is the friend that Garfield likes best.h. Italian noodles are the food Garfield likes most.i. Monday is the day that Garfield hates most.j. Hotdog is the “dog” that Ga rfield likes most.k. Coffee is the drink that Garfield likes most.l.“There have never been Italian noodles that I don’t like”is a quotation that Garfield usesmost often.3.Reference version:But he didn’t like the big, deep pond. It was full of strange plants. The water- snails that were supposed to be polite were rude to him, and he was afraid of the ducks that always tried to swallow him. The fish which had been described as fine didn’t like him, and he was the smallest frog there. He found that he was living a lonely and unhappy life.He sat on a broad water-lily leaf and croaked sadly to himself, “I don’t like it here. I think I will go back to my lovely tittle pond tomorrow.”But just at this moment, a hungry heron flew down and swallowed him up for supper.4. a. the old lady’s five kittensb. her second marriagec. all her blue French crystal wine cupsd. those two large shining diamond rings of yourse. My three jazz records bought in the States/the three jazz records I bought in the Satesf. half the delicious Ferman chocolate in the cang. some Brazilian footballers playing abroad5. Reference VersionSecond, advertisements can improve the reputation ot the company. More and more companies have knoen that advertisements can hilp them, so they make use of advertisements. If everyone knows their products, the products will be very famous. More people will buy them and the company can get more money. If the products are really good, many people will use them and then this company will become famous. Therefore, advertisements can help the company get better reputation .答案Unit Six Follow-up Exercises1. a. missing, describing the boyb. (No descriptive participle in this sentence)c. holding , describing the magiciand.(No descriptive participle in this sentence)e. sleeping, describing shef. living, describing everybodyg.(No descriptive participle in this sentence)i. knowing, describing Ij. (No descriptive participle in this sentence)2.Excerpt Aa. bringing (describing a 23-year-old Korean woman) to 15 the death tollb. staying (describing a 47-year-old American man) in the southern port of BusanExcerpt Ba. with doors locked(describing doors) and windows barred (describing windows)b. turning (describing cafes) them into fire trapsc. aging (describing students) about 18 or 19Excerpt Cd. responding(describing 7,000 people) to a major surveye. released (describing the survey) at the international Aids conference in BarcelonaExcerpt Df. affecting (describing heavy downpours) more than 15 million peopleg. causing (describing flood) 22 deaths and 15,000 houses to collapse3. A Wolf who had a bone stuck in his throat hired a Crane, for a large sum, to put her head into his mouth and draw out the bone. When the Crane had extracted the bone and demanded the promised payment, the Wolf, grinn ing and grining his teeth, exclaimed, “Why, you have surel already had a sufficient recompense, in having been permitted to draw out your head in safety from the mouth and jaws of a wolf.”4. Important PointsSpiders destroy so many insects, and insects include some of the greatest enemies of the human race.We owe a lot to the birds and beasts who eat insects but all of them put together kill only a fraction of the number destroyed by spiders.Spiders never do the least harm to us or our belongingsThere were more than 2,250,000 spiders in one acre of grass field.Spiders are busy for at least half the year in killing insectsThe weight of all the insects destroyed by spiders in Britain in one year would be greater than the total weight of all the human beings in the country.Reference version (omitted)Unit 71. a.____________e. or; and; and; but; butf._____________j but; and; but; yet/but, so; and2. a. Many children spend a lot of tume watching TV, and (they) like to talk about TV programswhen they meet.b. History repeats itself; historians repeat each other.c. I like beer, but I never drink beer in the morning or when the temperature drops below 5 degrees.d. I looked for the paper in my office, and ( I ) searched for it in my bedroom, but I couldn’t find it .e. You can not learn to write well unless you really want to write well, ( you) practice a lot, and (you) learn from your own mistakes.f. A money lender serves you in the present tense, lends you in the conditional mood, keeps you in the subjunctive mood, snd ruins you in the future tense.3. Paragraph1: (1)____________(5) either; or; and; or; and Paragraph2: (6)____________(10) and; and; and; and; butUnit 8Part V Follow-Up Exercises1. a. That you have to teach the same textbook year after year doesn’t mean that you have to teach it in the same way year after year.b. I doubt that this machine can greatly improve your listening ability within a week.c. Whether the chicken appeared before the egg or the other way round is a question that has puzzled people for a long time.d. They still cannot find out why the professor failed them in the exam.e. What has been troubling me is whether universities should simply serve as career training places.2. a. The baby wouldn’t stop crying unless his mother held him in her arms.b. What I want you to explain is why your wallet is empty now.c. The boy talks as if he were the teacher.d. Whether I should find a job or go on studying for a master’s degree is hard to decide.e. I’ll also give you the number of his mobile phone in case he isn’t in his office.3. a. Although very common about five years ago, beepers have almost disappeared now.b. If having tried harder, you might have persuaded your boss to postpone the deadlines for your project.c. When studying in the States, she used to take every chance to travel.d. If produced on the same assembly line, these products probably have the same quality.e. After working for four hours without stop, Tom appeared exhausted.4. The tired hikers slept for almost ten hours in the trail shelter. ThenRick woke up and hurried out of his cot when, looking out of the corner of his eye, he saw a black spider. At this point, his brother Hal woke up with a start and sneezed several times.Because Hal was coming down with a cold, Rick agreed to prepare the breakfas. He first fetched a canteen of orange juice which had cooled overnight from a nearby stream. Next, he strted a fire and set about boiling water for coffee and frying up some bacon and eggs. Meanwhile, Hal, wearing a heavy sweatshirt and gloves, sniffled, sipped some orange juice, and waited by the fire for a cup of coffer. Afer both had eaten, Rich was ready to plan another day’s hiking. But Hal was interested only in hiking to the nearby highway, to the bus that could drop him a block from his house.5. For year, students have been using the same methods of cheating on exams. One tried-and-true technique is the casual glance. Pretending to stare thoughtfullly out of the window, peripheral vision will be used to look at another student’s paper. Another all-time favorite methos, the pencil or pen drop, requires a helper. Dropping a pen and the diving for it, “Number seventeen” (or the number of some other question ) is whispered. Then, making a similar pen drop, the answer is whispered by the helper. The most elaboraate system, though, is writing up cheat sheets. Tucked up a shirtsleeve, pages of textbook material are condensed into tiny scraps of paper. No matter how smooth a cheater’sstyle is , however, the time-tested methods are often ineffective. Having been a student at one time , the same ones are probably familiar to inspector.5. (omitted)Extra Exercisea. John Denver’s last album sold nearly five million copies.b. She sat there in her nightgown, waiting for the coffee.c. Duiring the National Day holiday, you can find in every travel agency plans for both short-distance and long-distance trips.d. During the National Day holiday, you may see different styles of celebrations which represent the local culture.e. Packed tightly in a small bag, the clothes are very hard (for me ) to take out.f. (correct)g. When trying to lose weight, you should avoid all types of snacks.h. While I was going in the street, a white car rushed at me.i. At the age of mine, he had already been accepted as talented by many people around him.j. Tired and sleepy, we had no interest in the supper at all.Unit 9Part V Follow-up Exercises1. Paragraph AAfter years of trial and error, Disney finally found the character he was looking for. This character, called “Mickey Mouse,” was first introduced in the carton Plane Crazy and later found ultimate fame in Steamboat Willie, the first sound cartoon ever made and a great achievement for Disney, By 1930, after his fame had spread all over the world, Mickey was established as the cinema’s most popular cartoon character. Because Mickey was a moralist with a sense of fun, he became a character loved by all ages. In him, Walt Disney reached his peak of success.Paragraph BEnviromental protection will benefit us a lot. First, by making our air purer and water cleaner, we can improve our living condition. As we all know, a healthful living condition is essentila to our work and study. Second, environmental protection does good for the younger generation. It not only improves our children’s health, but also teaches our children agood attitude toward the environment. Third, environmental protection saves our resources. Since we can recycle used materials instead of throwing them away, we can get more material but produce less waste.2. There is only one child in many families in China, so many parents and grandparents love the child to such an extent that they do not allow them to do anything when think there may be a slight chance of their child getting hurt. May parents escort thir chil to school every morning. Therefore, when the chi ld grows up, he still can’t do anything.Look at the picture. The girl wants to learn to ride a bike, but her parents and granparents wouldn’t let go. I think these parents should have let the girl ride the bike by herself.It is bad for parents to love their children too much. If they help their children in everything, their children will always be unable to do their own work. When they grow up, these children will find that things are totally different in their woeking place.Therefore , parents should let their children do things on their own.3. a. A boy wants something very special from his father.b. A favor may not be a favor at all.c. I do play roles.Unit 10 Part V Follow-Up Exercise1. a. Mr. Longman has played the cellow for many years, but he now conducts an orchestra.b. The grass was growing wildly, but the crop, unfortunately, was dyinng.c. As I turned around, I heard a loud noise, for the bookshelf had collapsed.d The house was clean, the table set, and the porch light on; everything was ready for the guests’ arrival.e. The computer could calculate much faster and better han man; however, it could not think.f. The blizzard continued for a week; subsequently, they began to run out of food.g. In the first place, it was too cold to travel at this time of year; in the second place, we had no money.h. Kunming is my favourite city; in fact, I plan to spend a month there this summer.i. The young couple worked day and night to pay off the loan; at least ,they thought they could do it.j. I had to complete the assignment by Friday; otherwise, I would have failed the course.2. a. Nevertheless, I do not want to see him.b. Having decided to reduce weight, she had to give up all of her favorite snacks.c. As the ship turned about, a soxen solphins began to follow it.d. (correct)e. As I have mentioned, the machine breaks down occasionally.f. To give Mary a warm welcome, the family has prepared for a whole week.g. The four boys in the band are John, Calvin, Henry, and Steve.h. (correct)i. (correct)3. a. John decided, nonetheless, not to buy the car.b. Sam, having forgotten to save his work, lost all of his revisions when his computer crashed.c. Did you know that James Lee, the novelist and essayist, was also an artcritic?d. Charm, the women’s fashion magazine, recently incorporated with She, another fashion journal.e. (No revision is needed)f. Oil, which is lighter than water, rises to the surface.g.(No revision is neede)h. My cousin, who is a surgeon, went to America last month.i. Mr. Peterson—later to be nominated for Chairperson of the Small Enterprise Committee— had been charfed with bribery.j. However, Bernard Shaw’s main purpose is not to show the tragedy of St. Joan(that is alredy quite evident), but to explain the character of St.Joan .k. He requested (actually he pleaded)that his name be withheld.l. There was only one thing to do—study till dawn.4. a. Quotation marks should be used honestly and sparingly, when there is agenuine quotation at hand, and it is necessary to be very rigorous about the words enclosed by the marks. If something is to be quoted, the exact words must be used. If part of it must be left out because of space limitations, it is good manners to insert three dots to indicate the omission, but it is unethical to do this if it means connecting two thoughts which the original author did not intend to have tied together.b. The old man was thrown into confusion. One eye? How am I to know? He tried to recall what his wife Zeinab looked like, with her long gown and black headdress, the veil, and sometimes the black covering enveloping her face and sometimes removed and lying on her neck. He could picture her as she walked and sat, chewing a morsel and then taking it out of her mouth so as to plae it in that of her first-born. Her children. One eye. How am I to know? He could picture her stretched out on the bed, her eyes closed. The old man was in confusion and found himself saying,“When I call her she will know my voice.”The nurse soubted whether he was in fact visiting his wife; however, giving him another glance, she laughed at her suspicions and asked him, “How long have the two of you been married?”Again he was confused as he said, “Allah knows best—thirty, forty years…”。
写作教程1 答案[优质文档]
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Unit OnePart V Follow-up Exercises1.a.mouse-hearted: →chicken-heartedb.politician: →statesmanc.wind:→breezed.utilize: →drinke.ascertaining: →findingf.was bombarded with→received a lot ofg.opened→drew backh.contain→accommodatei.habits→customs2. The writer’s attitude changes from negative to positive in each pair of sentences.3.(1)___(4) experienced, elapsed, attempting, with(5)___(8) take up, made, endeavor, true4. a. The state attorney said that the man would be prosecuted.b. We suppose that a feferee should be disinterested but not uninterested.c. Tony can hit a ball farther than I can.e. The principles behind our constitution are a principal reason for its astounding success.f. All the band instruments except the tuba will be carried to the auditorium for the music contest.g. The federal government comprises the legislative, judicial, and executive branches.h.The whole region was struck by an economic disaster.i.(correct)j. He was awake to the risk.5. The first line: principle→principalThe second line: stationary →stationeryThe fourth line: adopted →adaptedThe fifth line : effect →affectThe sixth line: economic →economical; self-conscience→self-consciousThe seventh line: disinterested→uninterestedThe ninth line: credible →credulousThe eleventh line: continuously →continually6. a. isb. is expectedc. hasd.was/ise. isf. wasg. planh. arei. werej. varuk.improvesl.becomesm. isn. iso. haveAnswer to Unit 22. Translate the following Chinese idioms into English and see if they are literally translateda. play a minor roleb. That’s Greek to me.c. belated action/adviced. Where there is smoke, there is fire.e. an evil creaturef. walk into the trapg. one’s face glowing with health3. Delete unnecessary words or repeated meaning in the sentences below and make improvemnents. Then compare the two versions and see how the two differ.a. We must practice economy. /We must reduce unnecessary expenditures.b. It is essential to control environmental pollution.c. We must arrive at the station on time.d. Financial wxpenditures should be arranged in order of priority.e. We should speed up constructions of urban housing so as to improve the housing condition.f. To be allowed to make profits, private capital has to meet two conditions：1) the profits must be legal, and 2)they must not be excessive.g. During the period of the Tenth Five-Year Plan we must never neglect grain production. Instead,m we must steadily increase it.4. Reference version|In feudal China, women had low social status, and were regarded as inferior to men. Thanks to the women’s liberationmovement, women have achieved equal status with men, which is establ ished by the law. But in fact, they still can’t enjoy equal rights with men.At home, wives are expected to do all the housework, which is obviously unfair.Husband and wife should share the housework and family responsibilities. But in some families husbands usually get angry when they find the cleaning or cooking unfinished by their wives. One can’t help wondering why they don’t it by themselves.I think women should be spiritually and financially independent if they want real equality. In order to do that , they have to learn as much as men so as to find a good job. Appearance is no longer important to women. It is their ability that can bring them a good job rather than their appearance. So I think the best way for women to win more rights is to receive good education.5. a._____e ：me, who, I, me/myselff._____j ：each other’s, who, us, whom, us, whom, Somek______n ：one’s, his, his; his, his6. a. We are all born into this world as equals, but for various reasons, not all of us are treated as equals. This inequality begins when we reach the age of five, for this is when we will enter elementary school. In school, we are no longer “Mommy’s little darling.” We now have to prove ourselves to the other children and also to our teacher., If we seem。
广播电视写作教程考试1
广播新闻标题：广播新闻提要，一句话新闻。
电视新闻标题：提要题，屏幕提。
导语：是消息的开头，通常是它的第一自然段，以极精炼的文字概括消息最主要最新鲜的事实或是最能吸引受众的内容。
导语形式; 叙述，描写，设问、对比、引用、评论编剧的欲望力学（力作用力学，悬念磁力，高潮撞击力频道呼号：就是频道的名字，与时俱进‘讨口彩’使命句：口号的影响力价值题文相符：其一，标题中所概括的新闻事实要与新闻报道的内容完全一致，即标题与新闻中的基本思想一致，不能游离于基本思想之外，不能以偏概全；标题表现新闻内容要清楚明白。
其二，标题的论断在新闻中要有充分的依据，不能任意拔高夸大。
断裂式行文法,原本是教文,特别是诗词写作的常用方法。
它最早被国外的新闻界广泛应用于新闻写作,取得了显著的效果。
从一个事实到另一个事实，从全面概括的叙述跳到具体叙述，从背景资料跳到新闻主体，从表面现象跳到事物本质，从正面跳到反面或者相反。
媒体文稿：第一类是营销宣传文稿，第二类是管理文件和文书，第三类是学术研究与业务交流文章。
广播电视文稿写作节目类型：新闻节目（消息类新闻节目），对象性节目（老年节目，青年节目），文艺类节目（春节联欢晚会），娱乐节目（快乐大本营），纪录片（东方时空。
生活空间），体育节目。
节目文稿类型：第一大类是新闻稿，第二大类是非新闻节目台本。
广播剧：是一个戏剧化的，纯粹的声学性能，广播电台或音频媒体，如磁带或CD出版。
新闻导语的作用和意义：就是以简要的文句，突出最重要、最新鲜或最富有个性特点的事实，提示新闻要旨，吸引读者阅读全文的消息的开头部分。
作用导语处于消息倒金字塔结构的最高点，因此它的新闻价值最大。
导语可以让读者迅速知晓事实，让不想看整篇新闻报道的读者，可以通过导语了解事实最核心重要的部分，节约时间。
导语就像一个故事的开头，有趣、生动、形象、丰满就令人不能释手，就能吸引受众。
所以我们写导语时，可以充分运用不同的表现手法，比喻、拟人、白描等，使导语更加好懂、好记，从而使受众在对导语产生兴趣的基础上，接受新闻信息。
广播电视写作教程
广播电视写作教程第一章广播电视写作概说广播和电视是20世纪伟大的发明之一，开创了人类传播事业的新纪元，也造就了人类文化生活的新时代。
广播电视自诞生之日起，就与文章写作结下了不解之缘，无论是广播还是电视、新闻节目还是文艺节目、节目生产还是媒体的管理与经营，都离不开写文章。
人们发现，从事广播电视工作当然要懂广播电视，但光有这个远远不够，还必须会写文章。
如今，媒体大竞争、大融合，论思想、讲深度、重策划，广播电视传播更加倚重书面写作，并且更加专业化、多样化，种种广播电视写作文体因此得以产生并逐步成型，取得了文章学分支的地位。
第一节文章写作和广播电视写作文章写作古已有之，源远流长。
广播电视写作是广播电视实务与文章写作的结合，产生于20世纪以来，一直在推陈出新。
两者的关系，不但是源与流的关系，而且是属种关系。
文章写作是类属，广播电视写作是种类。
一、文章写作与广播电视(一)写作与广播电视媒体写作俗称“写文章”，使用文字语言，因字成句，因旬成段，因段成篇，一篇一篇地写。
它是一种精神劳动、一种行为过程，又是一门很实用的工具、一种重要的能力，同时具有个体性、社会性、实践性、创造性和综合性等特点。
作为一个概念，写作有广义和狭义之分。
广义的写作囊括一切写作活动和写作行为，包含文学创作；狭义的写作指文学创作以外的文章写作。
此取其广义。
文章的本质在于给出思想，宗旨是用于社会交往。
中国古代有把文章“藏之名山”的说法——《史记》的作者司马迁就这样讲过，但那是怕自己的著作遭到焚毁，到底还是为了“：传之后世”。
古今中外，文章都是用来传播的，用以传播思想、传播知识、传播资讯，等等。
这种认识在现代传播学里边得到了强化。
传播学认定，即便如日记一类作者写给自己看的文章，那也是为了传播，付诸传播了，叫做内向传播。
文章写作及文章的这些基本道理，决定了广播电视媒体与之结缘，特别是与文学创作紧密相连的必然性。
广播和电视是两种电子媒体，称电台、电视台，其所制作与载传的内容叫做“节目”。
广电基础写作试题及答案
广电基础写作试题及答案一、单项选择题（每题2分，共10分）1. 广电基础写作中，以下哪个选项不是新闻写作的基本要素？A. 事实B. 观点C. 时间D. 地点答案：B2. 在撰写新闻报道时，以下哪项不是必须遵循的基本原则？A. 真实性B. 客观性C. 时效性D. 主观性答案：D3. 广电基础写作中，新闻导语的主要作用是什么？A. 吸引读者注意B. 提供背景信息C. 详细叙述事件D. 总结新闻要点答案：A4. 在广电写作中，以下哪种报道形式最适合报道突发事件？A. 深度报道B. 专题报道C. 现场报道D. 评论报道答案：C5. 广电基础写作中，新闻标题的主要功能是什么？A. 装饰页面B. 传递新闻主题C. 增加阅读兴趣D. 引导读者思考答案：B二、多项选择题（每题3分，共15分）1. 广电基础写作中，新闻报道的写作技巧包括以下哪些方面？A. 语言简洁B. 信息准确C. 情感丰富D. 结构清晰答案：A, B, D2. 在广电写作中，以下哪些因素会影响新闻报道的客观性？A. 记者的个人偏见B. 新闻来源的可靠性C. 报道的时间压力D. 编辑的主观判断答案：A, B, C, D3. 广电基础写作中，以下哪些元素可以增强新闻报道的吸引力？A. 独家新闻B. 人物故事C. 视觉元素D. 互动环节答案：A, B, C, D4. 在广电写作中，以下哪些是新闻报道中常见的结构？A. 倒金字塔结构B. 线性结构C. 并列结构D. 问题-解答结构答案：A, B, C, D5. 广电基础写作中，以下哪些是新闻报道中需要避免的错误？A. 事实错误B. 语言模糊C. 过度夸张D. 缺乏平衡答案：A, B, C, D三、简答题（每题5分，共20分）1. 简述广电基础写作中，新闻报道的五个基本要素是什么？答案：新闻报道的五个基本要素包括：谁（Who）、做了什么（What）、何时（When）、何地（Where）以及为什么（Why）。
记者证考试广播电视写作试题
记者证考试广播电视写作试题（未排版）广播电视新闻写作的基本要求：符合广播电视媒体特点、用事实说话。
广播电视媒体的特点：①快速及时，先声夺人；②线性传播；③受众广泛；④具体形象，感染力强；⑤转瞬即逝，不留痕迹。
用事实说话：（为什么要用事实说话？）新闻写作的基本方法，即通过叙述事实发表无形的意见。
新闻写作要用事实说话，这是因为事实是新闻的本源，没有事实就没有新闻。
事实是新闻的实体，也是新闻的存在形式，因此新闻中要用事实。
事实胜于雄辩，新闻报道坚持用事实说话，因为事实本身具有强大的说服力。
人们认识某种事物，懂得某个道理，总是从具体的事实开始的，从具体到抽象，从感性上升到理性。
要让受众接受你的观点，最便捷的办法就是带他们回到事实中去。
事实最符合受众的需要，听广播、看电视的受众是为了获得更多的事实，而不是观点。
用事实说话，是受众对新闻媒体的要求。
●如何做到用事实说话？新闻报道中体现客观中立的立场和新闻报道中注意消息来源的多样性，确保报道的客观准确是基本的原则，可采用多种“用事实说话”的手法。
①学会用典型事实说话。
在新闻报道中常有这样的情况，一个事实选择得好，它可能有以一当十的作用，反之，如果选择得不准，哪怕列举出不少事实，记者想说的话或希望表达的观点，仍然模糊不清，甚至引起歧义。
在大量的事实中，要经过层层集中，选取新闻事实，在新闻事实中还要选取它的精华，即典型事实。
典型事实必须是受众所未知的鲜活事实，必须是具有重要性而且是具体的事实，接近性可以强化典型事实，有的放矢也是选择典型事实的一个标准。
②通过再现场景说话。
新闻中的人和事，一般都是有形可感、有物可托的，它们通过采录或摄录逼真地现场，使新闻报道做到有神、有形、使观众仿佛亲历其境、亲眼所见，这种方法自然恰当，会加强可信和说服力。
③运用背景材料说话。
新闻报道中的背景材料，常被称为“新闻背后的新闻”。
对它所下的最简单的定义是“用来说明事实的旧事实”。
背景材料在新闻报道中有许多作用，其中一个不可忽视的作用，就是通过灵活地使用背景材料，巧妙地表达记者的观点。
写作考试
广播电视新闻采访与写作考试复习提纲一．名词解释即席采访：即席采访多用于新闻发布会、记者招待会的采访。
在电视报道中，即席采访已成为最富吸引力的电视报道方式之一。
同步采访：同步采访是指记者始终置身于新闻事件的现场，摄像机与记者的采访视线同步，报道以记者在现场出面采访为主线。
体验采访：体验采访就是亲自尝试感觉现实生活中与采访活动相关的事物，以获得切实而深刻的认识。
电视新闻：是以现代电子技术为传播手段，以活动图像、声音、文字为符号，对新近发生和正在发生的事实的报道。
二．简答题1.构思的七个步骤。
第一。
理解受众对象。
理解受众对象就是将观众放在第一位。
第二．明确节目的出发点、节目的目的。
明确节目的出发点，就是要考虑传播的意向。
第三．确定节目的中心主题。
广播电视节目类型千差万别，风格各异，但每一个节目必须有主导方向和基调。
第四．构造一个整体的框架结构，将各个部分组成统一体。
结构方式在节目制作中有很大的重要性第五．精心选择节目的内容。
内容是节目所包含的实质，内容是节目的精髓，离开内容，形式就是空洞的第六．合理安排材料。
选择的材料要典型、生动、具体、有新闻价值、能说明主题。
第七．设计节目的具体表现形式、调动多种手法。
广播电视节目的具体表现形式和表现手法多种多样，记者既要注意避免雷同又要防止脱离内容单纯追求形式的标新立异。
2.广播新闻写作的特点。
第一。
口语化。
听众从广播中听新闻只能是一听即过不能像报纸一样有回读的机会再加上听众文化层次比报纸更广泛，参差不齐。
第二．简明扼要。
由于广播一听即过的特性决定了广播稿要简单，这样才能取的较好的宣传效果。
第三．快捷迅速。
写的快的同时要保证写作的准确性，快和准相辅相成，缺一不可。
第四．写作中的编辑意识。
（1）文字上的修改（2）事实的核实（3）声音的修正（4）写作的难点三．大题1.记者应具备的素质大体分为三个方面：1.政治素质；2.业务素质；3.综合素质。
除此之外，还应有高尚的道德情操和人文科学素养（记者风云录）2.抢新闻与救人的问题：闻媒体具有较大的社会影响力和公信力。
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广播新闻标题：广播新闻提要，一句话新闻。
电视新闻标题：提要题，屏幕提。
导语：是消息的开头，通常是它的第一自然段，以极精炼的文字概括消息最主要最新鲜的事实或是最能吸引受众的内容。
导语形式; 叙述，描写，设问、对比、引用、评论编剧的欲望力学（力作用力学，悬念磁力，高潮撞击力频道呼号：就是频道的名字，与时俱进‘讨口彩’使命句：口号的影响力价值题文相符：其一，标题中所概括的新闻事实要与新闻报道的内容完全一致，即标题与新闻中的基本思想一致，不能游离于基本思想之外，不能以偏概全；标题表现新闻内容要清楚明白。
其二，标题的论断在新闻中要有充分的依据，不能任意拔高夸大。
断裂式行文法,原本是教文,特别是诗词写作的常用方法。
它最早被国外的新闻界广泛应用于新闻写作,取得了显著的效果。
从一个事实到另一个事实，从全面概括的叙述跳到具体叙述，从背景资料跳到新闻主体，从表面现象跳到事物本质，从正面跳到反面或者相反。
媒体文稿：第一类是营销宣传文稿，第二类是管理文件和文书，第三类是学术研究与业务交流文章。
广播电视文稿写作节目类型：新闻节目（消息类新闻节目），对象性节目（老年节目，青年节目），文艺类节目（春节联欢晚会），娱乐节目（快乐大本营），纪录片（东方时空。
生活空间），体育节目。
节目文稿类型：第一大类是新闻稿，第二大类是非新闻节目台本。
广播剧：是一个戏剧化的，纯粹的声学性能，广播电台或音频媒体，如磁带或CD出版。
新闻导语的作用和意义：就是以简要的文句，突出最重要、最新鲜或最富有个性特点的事实，提示新闻要旨，吸引读者阅读全文的消息的开头部分。
作用导语处于消息倒金字塔结构的最高点，因此它的新闻价值最大。
导语可以让读者迅速知晓事实，让不想看整篇新闻报道的读者，可以通过导语了解事实最核心重要的部分，节约时间。
导语就像一个故事的开头，有趣、生动、形象、丰满就令人不能释手，就能吸引受众。
所以我们写导语时，可以充分运用不同的表现手法，比喻、拟人、白描等，使导语更加好懂、好记，从而使受众在对导语产生兴趣的基础上，接受新闻信息。
电视综艺节目类型：按照播出样式分为常规性栏目，综艺晚会，赛季节目。
按照节目要素分为娱乐资讯类，娱乐谈话类，综艺表演类，游戏娱乐类，益智闯关类，才艺竞秀类，‘真人秀’娱乐类，泛娱乐类节目。
新闻理念的客观性原则：新闻的客观性是新闻最重要的专业概念之一作为最重要的新闻专业概念之一和一种新闻理念,新闻的客观性是指新闻事实不依人的主观意志而改变的基本特性,新闻传播者在从事新闻报道时,要尊重事实,要如实地反映事实的本来面目。
新闻客观性的目的是‚使有理性的读者更便于发现真相‛。
新闻写作在语言运用方面的基本要求;1具体，弃大写小，弃多写少，多用母概念少用子概念，抽象数字具体化，尽量避免数字和行话2清晰思路清晰，表述清晰，正确的组织表达语言，3简洁，不说与中心无关的话，另用短句不用长句，不用不必要的重复，尽量不用形容词副词，简洁同时也要富于文采新闻标题的三重境界：初级阶段标签式。
中级阶段描述式。
高级阶段超越式（追寻语言的张力，巧设悬念）新闻标题的组合方式：主标题式，主引式，主副式，完全式。
新闻的标题：包括主题、引题、副题、提要题和小标题5种。
主题--标题中最主要的部分，说明最重要的事实或思想，字号最大。
引题--又名肩题、眉题，位于主题之前的辅助性标题，主要作用是引出主题。
副题--又名子题，位于主题之后的辅助性标题，主要用事实对主题作补充和解释。
提要题--位于稿件的标题(含引题、主题、副题)之后、正文之前，用以提示稿件主要内容的题。
小标题--又名分题、插题，分嵌于新闻稿件之中，用以概括介绍稿件每一大部分的内容，具有分段或分类的作用。
消息标题的特点：⒈消息标题以报告实事为主；⒉消息标题对事实的表述呈现一种动态；⒊消息标题形式具有多样性；⒋时态，语态，标点的特殊要求。
情景剧五特征情景相对固定，冲突相对平缓，题材相对琐碎，情节的非整体性，风格的喜剧性细节定义：指任务人物，景物，事件等表现对象的富有特色的细枝末节。
细节的类型：融入情节发展的细节；揭示人物内心的细节；深化作品意蕴的细节；渲染氛围的细节。
细节的重要性：它是记叙文情节的基本构成单位。
没有细节就没有艺术。
同样，没有细节描写就没有活生生的，有血有肉有个性的人物形象。
细节分类：他具体渗透在对人物，景物，或场面描写之中。
广播电视写作特点：依附性（受媒体制约，广播为听而写，电视为视听而写），通俗性（大众化），隐蔽性（退居幕后），时效性。
广播电视节目文稿：广播电视文稿划分为节目文稿和媒体文稿两大部分。
两部分文稿的性质，功能，体裁，写法完全不相同，但都服务于广播电视传播，殊途同归。
节目文稿适用于公开传播，是直接用于生产制作广播电视节目的文章，它也直接体现电台电视台的传播能力和业务水平。
媒体文稿不直接用于广播电视节目的生产，多用于其内部事务。
媒体文稿的种类：营销宣传文稿，管理文件和文书，学术研究与业务交流文章。
媒体文稿的问题性质：记叙文，议论文，应用文。
如何展现人物内心欲望：一、抓特征，以形传神二、诉心声，提示思想性格。
三、炼语言，突出个性特点。
四、给行动，描细节，形神兼备。
新闻写作的基本要求：坚持真实性、坚持时新性、坚持思想性、坚持简明性。
坚持真实性真实是新闻的第一生命，如果新闻不能坚持真实性，新闻就失去了它存在的价值。
坚持时效性：时新性是时间性与新鲜性的合成，新闻写作不但要讲究时间性，还要给人以新鲜感。
新闻姓“新”，时间性是新闻的本质特征之一。
采访必须雷厉风行，随时处于待机状态，争取在“第一时间”赶到现场。
坚持新鲜性：内容新（角度新、主题新）、形势新（把最重要的信息放在新闻的最前民、寻找‚最近点‛）。
坚持思想性：思想性也可称为指导性，即媒介通过具体的新闻报道，以影响、指导受众的思想、态度、情感和行为，最终把他们引导到一定的目标上去。
坚持思想性并不是在新闻中贴几句政治口号就能做到的。
必须：寓思想性于信息传播之中，思想性应与针对性结合，思想性应与深刻性结合。
坚持简明性：简明是一切题材的新闻作品的最显著的特征。
简练也是最高级的写作技巧，对记者来说，更是语言文字方面的最基本的基本功。
以最平实的语言，在最短的空间说完了。
节奏的含义及特征，营造节奏的方法，指一种有规律、连续进行的完整运动，新闻写作是跳舞的艺术，技巧，1一句话讲一件事2一句话讲独立的思想3一句话一细节4一句一背景方法1一事一段2重要的单独成段3人物个段分开4背景另起5时间空间转分段6不同观点分段新闻背景写作技巧; 涵义？作用？运用的注意事项;含义定义新闻背景是指新闻事实发生发展的历史条件和环境条件。
历史条件指事实自身的历史状况，环境条件指事实与周围事物的联系技巧1运用典故2说明解释3存托对比4天女散花灵活穿插注意事项;1以观众不知情为前提2视野要开阔3目的要明确新闻结尾技巧;总结、引语、定格、展望、照应开头、评论1总结式2引语式3展望式：通过新闻事实发展变化，预测事物的发展趋势和方向，使人们看到前景，增强信心。
4以一个强有力的事实结尾5回到开头6评论式：对新闻事实进行简要的评论，以突出新闻事实的意义，凝炼和升华新闻主题，引领读者更深刻地感悟新闻事实中蕴含的主题思想，更好地发挥新闻的指导性。
华尔街日报体的特点？写作方法？‚华尔街日报体‛是美国《华尔街日报》惯用的一种新闻写作方法，主要适用于非事件类题材的叙述。
其基本特征是，首先以一个具体的事开头，然后再自然过渡，进入新闻主体部分，接下来将所要传递的新闻大主题、大背景和盘托出，集中力量深化主题，结尾再呼应开头，回归到开头的人物身上，进行主题升华，意味深长。
‚华尔街日报体‛的写作总要从具体的事件或人物展开，由小见大，引出一串数字或某个问题，来表现一个人、一种社会现象或一项政策法规。
这些人或事只是一个引子，报道的中心是由这个人或事引出的主题。
多用人物直接引语尽量引用人物的原话，尽量写明人物的真实姓名，是他们写作的一条重要准则。
直接引用具体人物的鲜活语言使读者产生真实感。
①金字塔式结构。
把最重要的内容放在新闻的最前面，随后按重要性依次排列其他内容。
它的优点是能迅速地把最新鲜、最重要的事实，开门见山地告诉读者，使读者一目了然，节省读报时间。
②倒金字塔式结构。
又称‚逆转倒金字塔式‛。
把最重要、最精彩的内容放在前面, 按时间顺序，依次叙述。
③菱形式结构。
这是一种‚两头小、中间大‛的结构。
因新闻的主要内容比较复杂，导语中容纳不下，也不能概括表达，适于在主体中分段叙述。
④车辐式结构。
以一个中心事件或事物为纲，其他事实像车辐一样辐射出去。
宜于报道比较散的事件。
⑤并列式结构。
把众多主要事实并列叙述。
适合报道事实各部分的重要性相等或相似的新闻，多见于公报式新闻。
导语的类型：1，直接式导语：直接式导语在第一句话里概括报道的主要内容，通常比较简短，只有一两句话。
它直接陈述新闻的核心事实，开宗明义，在导语中就交代何人何事何时何地的信息。
2，延缓式导语：延缓式导语也是一种常见的导语类型，它不直接陈述主要新闻事实，而是运用描写、气氛渲染、解释、设问等手法写一些相关的东西再引出新闻事实。
这类导语具有可视可感的效果，生动有趣，能以形象的画面感引起受众的好奇；另外这类导语能以情景感染受众，让受众先有感性认识，再对事实进行理性思考，从而强化新闻的报道效果。
标题的结构：新闻标题从结构上来分，有两种形式，即单式题和复式题。
单式题单式题一般由一行式主题构成，也可以由双行式主题构成。
复式题一般由两个或两个以上新闻标题按一定的规律组合而成，常见的有四种题型：引题与主题的组合式、主题与副题的组合式、引题、主题与副题的组合式、引题、主题、副题与边题（或尾题）的组合式等。
新闻标题从内在的逻辑关系上来讲，引题说理，宜虚不宜实；主题叙事，宜实不宜虚；副题是对主题的解释和说明。
如何设置戏剧冲突：戏剧冲突的发展必须讲究节奏，有张有弛，按照平衡——不平衡——平衡这个过程设计冲突的发展模式。
一般说来，可以采用的方式：（1）冲突的发展随着情节的变化而转换形式，即根据情节的需要和冲突的对立面的不同，选择运用内心冲突、外部冲突、误会引起的冲突、假冲突等形式。
（2）冲突双方中的一方看来一再退让，另一方步步紧逼，到让无可让之时，便反攻猛扑，一举结束冲突，退让越甚，反扑的力量也就越大。
（3）冲突的对立面，冲突的内容，始终基本上不变，但通过一次次交锋，冲突越来越激化和深化到最后的爆发点，一泄而尽。
（4）注意揭露人物的内心冲突，为整个戏剧冲突提供充分的依据。
串联词的作用：一是衔接作用。
长期以来，电视新闻的编排都是把一条一条的新闻串接起来，每条新闻相对独立，相互之间关联性不大。
这样的串联对于线性编排的电视新闻节目来说，很难形成一个有机的整体。