高中英语语法系列谓语动词
高中总复习二轮英语 核心语法必备 专题一 谓语动词(动词的时态、语态、主谓一致、情态动词和虚拟语气)
必
备
专题一 谓语动词(动词的时态、语态、 主谓一致、情态动词和虚拟语气)
英语
内容索引
要点精讲•破疑解难 对点演练•精准提升
要点精讲•破疑解难
重点一 热考的5种时态
考点1 一般现在时(am/is/are或do/does)
用法
例句
表示现在经常性、习惯性、 反复性的动作或状态
Susan talks every night in her dream. It
代词
单个的动词-ing形式、动词不定式或主语从句
重点一
重点二
重点三
重点四
原则
主语
谓语
由and连接的两个并列成分表示两个不同的概念
有生命的集体名词, 如people, police, cattle等 一些常用作复数或只有复数形式的名词, 如goods,
stairs,
arms等
复数
山脉、群岛、瀑布等以-s结尾的专有名词
重点一
重点二
重点三
重点四
提示 用过去完成时的常用句型: ①This/That/It was the first/second/... time+that 从句, 从句用过去完成时。 ② “Hardly/Scarcely had+主语+动词过去分词... when...” 及 “No sooner had+主语+动词过去分词... than...”, 主句用过去完成时, 从句用一般过去时。
By the time Jack returned home from
表示一个动作或状态从过去 England, his son had graduated from 某一时间之前已经开始, 一直 college. 持续到过去这一时刻的动作 杰克从英国回到家中时, 他的儿子已经大
【高考英语一轮复习】第一讲 谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致
动词突破篇动词(短语)表示主语的动作、存在、变化或态度。
动词按照动词的意义可以分为实义动词、情态动词、系动词、助动词。
第一讲谓语动词的时态、语态和主谓一致动词时态历来是高考考查的重点。
动词时态考查虽多，但考向非常集中，最常考的是一般过去时和一般现在时，其次是现在完成时，其他时态考查相对较少。
因此备考重点是：①动词时态的基本用法②动词语态的基本用法③主谓一致动词时态的知识网络(以动词do为例)1.一般时态(1)一般现在时①表示经常或习惯性的动作，多用动作动词，且常与表频率的时间状语连用。
We have meals three times a day.我们一日吃三餐。
②表示客观真理、科学事实及自然现象。
The sun sets in the west.太阳从西方落下。
③在时间、条件状语从句中常用一般现在时代替一般将来时。
I’ll write to her when I have time.有时间我会写信给她。
(2)一般过去时①表示过去发生的一次性或习惯性动作或状态。
We often played basketball together.我们(过去)经常在一起打篮球。
②时间、条件、让步状语从句中，若主句用了过去将来时，从句常用一般过去时。
He said he would tell her the news as soon as he met her.他说他一见到她就把这个消息告诉她。
单句语法填空①The 80，000 objects collected by Sir Hans Sloane, for example, formed (form) the core collection of the British Museum which/that opened in 1759.(2020·新高考卷Ⅰ语法填空)②The unmanned Chang’e－4 probe (探测器)—the name was inspired by an ancient Chinese moon goddess—touched (touch) down last week in the South Pole－Aitken basin.(2020·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)③When/As he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and pointed (point) down the river.(2020·全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)④New methods meant__(mean)that fewer people worked in farming.(2020·浙江卷语法填空)⑤While running regularly can’t make you live forever，the review says it is(be) more effective at lengthening life than walking，cycling or swimming.(2018·全国卷Ⅰ语法填空)⑥Sarah says，“My dad thinks I should take the offer now.But at the moment，school comes (come) first.I don’t want to get too absorbed in modeling.”(全国卷Ⅲ语法填空)2．进行时态(1)现在进行时(am/is/are＋现在分词)①表示说话时正在进行或发生的动作，也可表示现阶段正在进行的动作或存在的状态。
高中英语必会语法：动词的分类
高中英语必会语法：动词的分类1. 动词(verb)是表示动作或状态的词。
1)表示动作：swim游泳；push推2)表示状态：have有；be是2. 英语动词有时态、语态、语气等形式上的变化。
1. 谓语动词和非谓语动词从是否能充当句子中的谓语来看，动词有谓语动词和非谓语动词两大类。
1) 谓语动词有人称和数的变化。
如：He is a tractor driver.他是一个拖拉机手。
Facts are more eloquent than words.事实胜于雄辩。
We have friends all over the world.我们的朋友遍天下。
An apple falls by the force of gravitation.地心吸力使苹果落地。
2) 非谓语动词非谓语动词有动词不定式、动名词和分词三种，在句子里都不能单独作谓语，没有人称和数的变化。
如：I am pleased to meet you.我很高兴与你相识。
(动词不定式)Smoking is harmful to the health.吸烟对身体有害。
(动名词)I heard them singing the Internationale。
我听见他们唱《国际歌》。
(现在分词) Spoken words are often more powerful than writing.语言往往比文字更有力。
(过去分词)2. 实义动词、连系动词、情态动词和助动词从其含义来分，动词有实义动词(notional verb)，连系动词(link verb)，情态动词(modal verb)和助动词(auxiliary verb)四类。
1) 实义动词实义动词有完全的词义，并能独立作谓语动词。
如：The sun shone brightly this morning.今天早晨阳光灿烂。
He likes to go for a long walk on sundays.他喜欢星期日出去作长距离散步。
高中英语语法必备之谓语动词的时态和语态详解
⾼中英语语法必备之谓语动词的时态和语态详解⾼中英语动词的时态语态详解在英语中，句⼦不仅有时间状语说明动作发⽣的时间，其谓语动词本⾝也有形式的变化来指⽰时间，这种表明谓语动词发⽣时间的动词形式称为时态。
语态是表现主语和谓语关系的另⼀种动词形式。
⼀动词的时态⼀般说来，发⽣在现在的事情⽤现在的时态进⾏描述；发⽣在过去的事情⽤过去的时态进⾏描述；将要发⽣的事情⽤将来的时态进⾏描述。
英语中的时态共计16种，但常⽤的有11种。
(以动词do 为例)1．⼀般现在时（do/does)；2．⼀般过去时(did)；3．⼀般将来时( will do/ shall do）；4．⼀般过去将来时( would do/should do)；5．现在进⾏时( am/is/are doing)；6．过去进⾏时(was/were doing)；7．将来进⾏时( will/shall be doing)；8．现在完成时(have/has done)；9．过去完成时( had done)；10．将来完成时( will/shall have done)；11．现在完成进⾏时( have/has been doing)；1.⼀般现在时（1）⼀般现在时是描述现在或经常性的性质、动作或状态的时态常⽤时间状语：sometimes, often, always, usually, seldom，every day / night / week / month / year, in the morning, in the afternoon, in the evening, at night（2）表⽰经常发⽣的动作,习惯性的动作或存在的状态I usually get up at four every morning when it’s still dark.He always goes to work late,which makes his boss angry and disappointed.（3）客观真理，客观存在，科学事实及⾃然现象The sun rises in the east and sets in the west every day.The man who has never been to the Great Wall is not a real man.Trees turn green in spring. Liquid turns into gas when it is hot enough.（4）表⽰格⾔或警句中Pride goes before a fall.Knowledge is power．Practice makes perfect.（5）⼀般现在时表将来表⽰已经计划、安排好了或时间表上所安排，并且⼀定要做的事情。
(完整版)高中英语语法主谓宾定状补表
英语中句子成分有主语、谓语、宾语、宾语补助语、主语补足语表语、定语和状语。
主语表示句子所说的是“谁”或“什么事物”，由名词、代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当。
Two students meet for the first time at the beginning of term. 两个学生在学期开始时初次见面。
谓语说明主语“做什么”，“是什么”或者“怎么样”。
Mr Zhu is showing the students of Class 4 the chemistry lab. 朱先生正带领4班学生参观化学实验室。
宾语是动作、行为的对象，由名词代词或相当于名词的词或短语等充当，和及物动词一起构成谓语，说明主语做什么。
Finally, turn off the lights and lock the door.最后，关上灯，锁好门。
宾语补助语放在宾语后面补充说明宾语，常由不定式或形容词充当。
She told us to follow her instructions. 她吩咐我们听她的指示。
定语用来修饰名词或代词，常放在名词前面，也可以放在后面（叫后置定语）。
由形容词、代词或相当于形容词的词或短语充当。
Your teacher will read out some sentences. 你们的老师将读出一些句子。
状语用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。
一般表示行为发生的时间、地点、目的、方式、程度等，常由副词、介词短语或相当于副词的词或短语等来表示，放在句末。
They plant trees in order to keep the soil on the hills. 他们种树以便把土壤保持在山上。
表语说明主语是什么或者怎么样，由名词、形容词或相当于名词或形容词的词或短语充当，和连系动词一起构成谓语。
Jackie and Yang Pei are both students in Australia. 杰基和杨培都是在澳大利亚的学生。
高中英语知识点归纳非谓语动词和谓语动词的关系
高中英语知识点归纳非谓语动词和谓语动词的关系高中英语知识点归纳：非谓语动词和谓语动词的关系在学习英语的过程中，我们经常会遇到非谓语动词和谓语动词。
它们在句子中扮演着不同的角色，非谓语动词包括动词不定式、动名词和分词，而谓语动词则是句子的核心。
本文将对非谓语动词和谓语动词的关系进行归纳总结。
一、动词不定式1. 动词不定式的构成：to + 动词原形2. 动词不定式做谓语动词时，表示句子的主要动作或状态3. 动词不定式还可以作为名词、形容词或副词的补语例如：1. She wants to learn how to play the piano.（不定式作谓语）2. It's important to study hard for exams.（不定式作形容词补语）3. He has enough money to buy a new car.（不定式作名词补语）二、动名词1. 动名词的构成：动词原形 + -ing2. 动名词可以作为主语、宾语、介词宾语或表语3. 动名词相对于动词不定式更偏重于动作的持续性例如：1. Swimming is a good way to keep fit.（动名词作主语）2. I enjoy reading books in my free time.（动名词作宾语）3. She is interested in dancing.（动名词作介词宾语）三、分词1. 分词分为现在分词和过去分词，现在分词一般以-ing结尾，过去分词则有多种形式2. 现在分词和过去分词可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语3. 现在分词表示主动或进行中的动作，过去分词表示被动或已完成的动作例如：1. The running water sounds very soothing.（现在分词作定语）2. He is tired after a long day at work.（过去分词作表语）3. She found her lost phone lying on the table.（现在分词作宾语补足语）非谓语动词和谓语动词的关系在句子中起着不同的作用，非谓语动词可以补充谓语动词的信息，使句子更加丰富和具体。
高中英语高考冲刺语法专题5谓语动词语态(学生版)
The book was sold by a certain bookstore.(
)
The book is well sold.(
)
【查漏补缺】
单句语法填空
1. 1. She _________ (divorce) her husband after years of unhappiness and married again soon.
例 His mother gave him a present for his birthday. 可改为
He______________a present by his mother for his birthday. 3) 当“动词+宾语+宾语补足语”结构变为被动语态时，将宾语变为被动结构中的主语，其余不
观察例句总结被动语态在不同时态下的被动语态结构。
1. Visitors are requested not to touch the exhibits. 2. All the preparations for the task have been pleted, and we're ready to start. 3. A new cinema is being built here．
① The plan worked out successfully. ② The lamps on the wall turned off. ③ The bike needs repairing. ＝The bike needs to be repaired. ④ The picturebook is well worth reading．＝The picturebook is very worthy to be read． ⑤ This problem is difficult to work out. ⑥ Who is to blame for starting the fire? 结论： (3) 当 break out、take place、shut off、turn off、work out 等动词词组表示＂发生、关闭、 制定＂等意思时； (4) want，require，need 后面的动名词用主动表示被动含义。 (5) be worth doing 用主动形式表示被动含义。 (6) 在＂be + 形容词 + to do＂中，不定式的逻辑宾语是句子的主语，用主动代被动。 ※ 注意：这些形容词有 nice，easy，fit，hard，difficult，important，impossible，pleasant，interesting 等。 另外：be to blame(受谴责)，be to rent（出租）也用主动形式表被动。 拓展补充： 被动语态与系表结构的区别： 此处的系表结构指“连系动词＋用作表语的过去分词”结构，它与被动语态的形式完全一样。要 注意它们的区别： 被动语态强调______________；系表结构表示____________________________。
高中英语 高考语法重点模块之谓语动词时态
高考语法重点模块之谓语动词时态A：知识储备一：根据时间标志词判定时态在高考语法填空中，有时会给出时间标志，考生可根据所给标志词或时间状语轻松得出答案。
①一般现在时：every time，now and then，often，sometimes，usually，occasionally，always，seldom。
②一般过去时：yesterday，last year，in 2015，the other day，two days ago，段时间＋later。
③一般将来时：tomorrow，next year，in a week，in the future，right away，soon，tonight 等时间状语。
④现在进行时：all the time，at this moment，at present，always，continually，constantly。
⑤现在完成时：since，recently，lately，already，in the last/past few days，so far，up to now，till now，for＋段时间。
⑥过去完成时：by then，by the end of...，by that time。
二：根据语境和并列谓语判定时态①语境理解少不了：题干中没给出具体的时间状语时，应仔细分析设空处所在句前后句子中的谓语动词的时态，弄清动作发生的时间及顺序，确定所填谓语动词的时态。
②瞻前顾后找并列：可根据并列连词and, but, or, as well as, rather than, both...and..., neither...nor...，either...or...，not only...but also...等前后的谓语动词形式确定所填谓语动词的时态。
③同一个主语连接两个或两个以上的并列谓语，谓语动词时态一致。
④当句中有and, or, but等并列连词时，要根据句意判断并列连词前后的动词应与哪个动词时态一致。
高考英语语法：谓语动词
高考英语语法：谓语动词总述: 谓语动词的变化形式取决于时态和语态:英语的时态有十六种, 中学英语中有十二种常见的时态; 语态有两种, 即主动语态和被动语态1.在主动语态中, 各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式如下:一般进行完成完成进行现在do / doesam / is / are doinghave / has donehave / has been doing过去didwas / were doinghad donehad been doing将来shall / will doshall / will be doingshall / will have doneX如果谓语是be动词, 则可用be动词的适当形式( be / am /is / are / was / were / been)代替以上表格中的黑体字部分. 此外, 过去将来时的形式是: should / would do或should / would be 2.在被动语态中, 各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式如下:一般进行完成完成进行现在am / is / are doneam / is / are being donehave / has been doneX过去was / were donewas / were being donehad been doneX将来shall / will be doneXshall / will have been doneX另外, 过去将来时的被动语态形式是should / would be done主动语态在主动语态中, 高中英语中常见的有十二个时态一.一般现在时:1.构成: 通常以动词原形表示. 主语为第三人称单数时, 则用动词的第三人称单数形式来表示2.用法:①.表示现状, 性质, 状态, 经常的或习惯性的动作a. It is fine today.b. I am a student.c. I get up at six every day.d. My father never takes a bus; he walks to his office.②.表示客观事实或普遍真理a. Japan is to the east of China.b. The sun rises in the east.c. A horse is a useful animal.③.表示将来确定会发生的动作(如己安排好或计划好的动作或按时刻表将来一定会发生的动作), 可以这样使用的动词有: go, come, leave, start, arrive等a. My train leaves at 6:30.b. The football match is played the day after tomorrow.④.在时间和条件状语从句中可用一般现在时动词代替一般将来时动词a. I will let you know as soon as I hear from him.b. We will go if it is fine tomorrow.c. I will be away when he arrives.d. We shall not begin the discussion until he arrives.e. Mother, I won’t go out unless you agree.f. Don’t try to run before you begin to walk.⑤.在某些以here / there开头的句子中用一般现在时动词表示现在正在发生的动作a. Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.b. There goes the bell.⑥.在体育比赛过程中, 解说员叙述迅速, 短暂动作时, 可用一般现在时, 表示正在进行的或刚刚发生的动作a. Ma Lianbao passes the ball to Mu Tiezhu, Mu shoots –a fine shot !⑦.在剧本或图片的说明文字中, 用一般现在时表示动作a. When the curtain rises, Juliet is sitting at her desk. The phone rings. She picks it up and listens quietly.二.现在进行时:1.构成: am / is / are doing2.用法:①.表示说话时正在进行着的动作, 或现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定正在进行的动作a. I am writing a letter.b. My mother is making a dress these few days.②.表示即将发生的动作(如在最近按计划或安排好要进行的动作), 常见的有这种用法的动词有: come /go / leave / start / arrive等, 常与表示将来时间的状语连用a. They are going to Shanghai on Frid ay.b. John is coming here next week.③.现在进行时动词与always, continually, constantly等连用, 表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作a. The little boy is always asking questions.b. You are always saying that sort of thing.④.在一定的上下文中, 前一句用一般现在时动词表述现在发生的事实, 后一句用现在进行时动词来阐述这一事实的原因, 结果, 目的等a. He frowns. He is worrying about his boy.他皱着眉头, 因为他在为他的孩子担心. (is worrying表示原因)b. She criticizes him. She is trying to correct his wrong habits. 她批评他, 想纠正他的坏习惯. (is trying表示目的)c. She lets her child have his own way. She is spoiling him. 她不管她的孩子, 把他惯坏了. ( is spoiling表示结果)⑤.不表示持续的行为, 而表示知觉, 感觉, 看法, 认识, 感情, 愿望或某种状态的动词通常不用现在进行时, 如: see, hear, smell, taste, recognize, notice, forget, remember, understand, know, believe, suppose, mean, think, love, hate, care, like, dislike, worry, forgive, want, wish, hope, refuse, feel like, belong to , possess, ow n, have, be, seem等三.现在完成时:1.构成: have / has done2.用法:①.表示动作在说话之前己经完成, 而后果或影响至今仍存在a. He has gone to Shanghai. ( =He went to Shanghai and he is not here now. )b. I have opened the window. ( =I opened the window and the window is now open.)c. The concert has started. ( =The concert sta rted and is now going on. )d. I have had breakfast. (=I had breakfast and I am not hungry now. )②.表示开始于过去, 持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态, 用于延续性动词, 且句中常带有表示段时间的时间状语a. I have studied English since 1987.b. He has lived here for two years.c. He has been ill for ten days.3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:①.现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去, 但前者将过去的动作与现在的结果或对现在的影响联系起来, 而后者只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在无关②.现在完成时不能与表明确时间的状语如: yesterday, last year, two days ago, when I came in 等连用, 但可与表示不明确时间的状语如: already, yet, sometimes, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever等连用, 也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语如: this morning, today, this week, this year等连用a. She has already come.b. I have met him before.c. Ma Hong has always been a good student.d. Have you ever been to the Great Wall ?e. I have seen him this morning.四.现在完成进行时:1.构成: have / has been doing2.特征: 现在完成进行时兼有现在完成时和现在进行时两者的特点①.它具有现在完成时的特点, 即表示动作发生在过去, 延续到现在或对现在产生影响②.它具有现在进行时的特点, 即可以表示此动作仍在进行或还会继续a. Mr. Smith has taught English for twenty years. ( 至今为止教过二十年英语, 至于teach是否结束或是否延续, 不得而知)b. Mr. Smith has been teaching English for twenty years.( 现在仍在教英语,而且将持续下去)3.用法:①.表示现在之前的一段时间里一直进行的动作, 此动可能仍在进行, 也可能刚刚停止a. I h ave been reading the book all the morning.b. He has been staying here for two hours.c. I have been living in Beijing since 1972.②.表示现在之前的一段时间里一再重复的动作a. I have been calling you several times in the past two days.4.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别: 前者着重表示过去动作对现在的影响或结果; 后者着重表示过去动作的持续进行a. I have written six letters since I got back.我己经写了六封信(强调结果)b. I have been writing letter since I got back. 我回家后一直在写信(强调一直在写)c. I have read this book.我读过这本书了(强调读过这一结果)d. I have been reading this book.我一直在读这本书(强调一直在读)。
高中英语语法梳理-主谓一致
主谓一致一、语法形式上的一致。
主语为单数形式，谓语动词用单数形式；主语为复数形式，谓语动词也用复数形式。
例如：Jane and Mary look healthy and strong．The number of mistakes was surprising．解释：主语是the number,谓语是was对于数字而言，它是单数，所以用了was；反思：the number of通常跟a number of来对比，a number of是大量的的意思；后面通常是可数名词的复数，所以谓语也跟着用复数形式，比如a number of people are rushing to the toilet.二、意义上一致1.主语形式虽为单数，但意义为复数，谓语动词用复数。
例如：The crowd were running for their lives．单数形式表示复数意义的词有people，police，cattle，militia等。
2.主语形式为复数而意义上却是单数，谓语动词用单数。
例如：The news was very exciting．形复意单的单词有news，works(工厂)和一些以ics结尾的学科名称，如physics，politics，mathematics等。
三、就近原则即谓语动词的单、复数形式取决于最靠近它的词语。
如用连词or，either…or，neither...nor，not only…but also等连接的并列主语，如果一个是单数，一个是复数，谓语动词与靠近它的主语一致。
例如：Either your students or Mr.Wang knows this．四、应注意的几个问题。
1.名词作主语1)某些集体名词(如family，team等)作主语时，如果作为一个整体看待，谓语动词用单数形式；如果就其中一个个成员而言，谓语动词用复数形式。
例如：The whole family are watching TV.His family is going to have a long journey.这类名词有：audience，class，club，committee，company，crew，crowd，enemy，government，group，party，public，team，etc.名词population一词的使用情况跟上述类似。
高考英语语法之谓语以及谓语动词的用法归纳讲义
高中英语语法之谓语以及谓语动词的用法归纳讲义谓语（predicate verb）是对主语动作或状态的陈述或说明，指出“做什么”、“是什么”或“怎么样”。
谓语动词的位置一般在主语之后。
谓语由动词构成，依据其在句中繁简程度可把谓语分为简单谓语和复合谓语两类。
不论何种时态、语态、语气，凡由一个动词（或动词词组）构成的谓语都是简单谓语。
谓语动词一般由动词的各种时态来体现。
例如：I like walking. (一般现在时主动语态)I made your birthday cake last night. (一般过去时主动语态)It is used by travellers and business people all over the world. (一般现在时被动语态)复合谓语也可分为两种情况：第一种是由情态动词，助动词+不带to的动词不定式构成的复合谓语：What does this word mean?I won't do it again.You'd better catch a bus.第二种是由连系动词+表语构成的复合谓语。
例如：The weather gets warmer, and the days get longer.Keep quiet and listen to me.He looked worried.常考要点之谓语动词(一) 谓语动词的主谓一致①、主谓分割原则例1：To the citizens of the United States, the bald eagle, America's national bird, symbolize strength and freedom.分析：symbolize应改为symbolizes。
主语谓语用逗号分割开，主语the bald eagle为单数，谓语动词也应该用单数形式。
②、与后者一致原则not…but, 强调but后面的名词，not only…but also③、与前者一致原则名词+with/together with/as well as/including+复数名词，谓语用is,中心词在前面，谓语动词应该与前面的名词保持一致例：The athlete, together with his coach and several relatives, are traveling to the Olympic Games.分析：谓语动词应该与the athlete 保持一致，所以are改为is④、就近原则or, either…or, neither…nor,单数名词+or+复数名词+are如果把句子变为一般疑问句，也就是把be动词提到前面，那么变为is所以注意一点：如果是陈述句，靠后面近，用复数如果是疑问句，靠前面近，用单数例：The structure or behavior of many protozoans are amazingly complex for single-celled animals.分析：or应改为and。
【高中英语语法·搞清楚什么是主语、谓语、宾语、宾补、状语、定语】
主语 谓语 定语 状语 补语讲的都是句子成分~ -
介词是指词性~ 划分句子成分 -
（一）知识要点 -
1． 什么是句子 -
句子是由词或词组构成的，是具有一定语调并表达一个完整意思的语言运用单位。根据用途和语气，句子可以分为陈述句、疑问句、祈使句、感叹句。根据结构可分为单句和复句。我们今天要研究的是单句，要给它划分成分。 -
定语：在句子中起着修饰、限制主语或宾语中心语的作用。 -
状语：修饰、限制谓语中心语，一般在谓语中心语前面，有的在句子最前面，交待时间、地点、范围、情况等。 -
补语：对谓语中心语起补充说明作用，一般放在谓语中心语之后。 -
例： 画眉 唱 歌 -
这是一个把主语中心语、谓语中心语、宾语中心语单提出的句子。原句是 “两只美丽的画眉高兴地唱一首歌。” -
12.补语 -
补语的意义类型包括：结果补语、趋向补语、可能补语、状态补语、程度补语、数量补语、介宾词组补语等。-
13.宾语 -
宾语部分是谓语动词支配或陈述的对象。宾语一般也由名词性词语充当。动词及动词性词组也能作宾语，但对谓语动词有要求。由一些动词专门要求带动词性宾语，例如“加以、遭受”等；有的动词既可以带名词性宾语也可以带动词性宾语，例如“爱、进行”等。形容词作宾语，一般要求谓语动词是表示主观感受或呈现意义的动词，例如“讨厌、恢复”等。主谓词组作宾语，一般要求谓语动词是表示言语活动、心理活动、感受意义、显示意义的，例如“强调、证明”等。宾语的意义类型与主语的差不多，也包括受事宾语、施事宾语等。-
2． 句子成分的名称及符号 -
名称：主语、谓语、宾语、定语、状语、补～ -
定语 （ ） 状语 [ ] 补语 < > -
思维导图高中英语语法 第9讲 谓语动词
练习:语法填空
6.. (2020年全国Ⅱ卷·62) This is why decorating with plants, fruits and flowers _________ (carry) special significance. 7.(2020年全国Ⅲ卷·63)The artist was sure he would _____________ (choose), but when he presented his masterpiece to the emperor's chief minister, the old man laughed. 8.(2020年全国Ⅲ卷·66) When he asked the villagers on the banks of the river where he could find the legendary (传奇的) artist, they smiled and _________ (point) down the river. 9.(2019年全国Ⅰ卷·65) In recent years some Inuit people in Nunavut ________________ (report) increases in bear sightings around human settlements. 10. (2019年全国Ⅰ卷·70) Of the nineteen recognized polar bear subpopulations, three are declining, six _____ (be) stable, one is increasing, and nine lack enough data.
had been doing
高考英语语法考点归纳总结谓语动词素材
高考英语语法考点归纳总结：高考英语语法：谓语动词总述: 谓语动词的变化形式取决于时态和语态:英语的时态有十六种, 中学英语中有十二种常见的时态; 语态有两种, 即主动语态和被动语态1.在主动语态中, 各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式如下:一般进行完成完成进行现在do / doesam / is / are doinghave / has donehave / has been doing过去didwas / were doinghad donehad been doing将来shall / will doshall / will be doingshall / will have doneX如果谓语是be动词, 则可用be动词的适当形式( be / am / is / are / was / were / been)代替以上表格中的黑体字部分. 此外, 过去将来时的形式是: should / would do或should / would be2.在被动语态中, 各种时态的谓语动词的一般形式如下:一般进行完成完成进行现在am / is / are doneam / is / are being donehave / has been doneX过去was / were donewas / were being donehad been doneX将来shall / will be doneXshall / will have been doneX另外, 过去将来时的被动语态形式是should / would be done主动语态在主动语态中, 高中英语中常见的有十二个时态一.一般现在时:1.构成: 通常以动词原形表示. 主语为第三人称单数时, 则用动词的第三人称单数形式来表示2.用法:①.表示现状, 性质, 状态, 经常的或习惯性的动作a. It is fine today.b. I am a student.c. I get up at six every day.d. My father never takes a bus; he walks to his office.②.表示客观事实或普遍真理a. Japan is to the east of China.b. The sun rises in the east.c. A horse is a useful animal.③.表示将来确定会发生的动作(如己安排好或计划好的动作或按时刻表将来一定会发生的动作), 可以这样使用的动词有: go, come, leave, start, arrive等a. My train leaves at 6:30.b. The football match is played the day after tomorrow.④.在时间和条件状语从句中可用一般现在时动词代替一般将来时动词a. I will let you know as soon as I hear from him.b. We will go if it is fine tomorrow.c. I will be away when he arrives.d. We shall not begin the discussion until he arrives.e. Mother, I won’t go out unless you agree.f. Don’t try to run before you begin to walk.⑤.在某些以here / there开头的句子中用一般现在时动词表示现在正在发生的动作a. Here comes the bus.=The bus is coming.b. There goes the bell.⑥.在体育比赛过程中, 解说员叙述迅速, 短暂动作时, 可用一般现在时, 表示正在进行的或刚刚发生的动作a. Ma Lianbao passes the ball to Mu Tiezhu, Mu shoots – a fine shot !⑦.在剧本或图片的说明文字中, 用一般现在时表示动作a. When the curtain rises, Juliet is sitting at her desk. The phone rings. She picks it up and listens quietly.二.现在进行时:1.构成: am / is / are doing2.用法:①.表示说话时正在进行着的动作, 或现阶段正在进行而说话时不一定正在进行的动作a. I am writing a letter.b. My mother is making a dress these few days.②.表示即将发生的动作(如在最近按计划或安排好要进行的动作), 常见的有这种用法的动词有: come /go / leave / start / arrive等, 常与表示将来时间的状语连用a. They are going to Shanghai on Frid ay.b. John is coming here next week.③.现在进行时动词与always, continually, constantly等连用, 表示反复出现的或习惯性的动作a. The little boy is always asking questions.b. You are always saying that sort of thing.④.在一定的上下文中, 前一句用一般现在时动词表述现在发生的事实, 后一句用现在进行时动词来阐述这一事实的原因, 结果, 目的等a. He frowns. He is worrying about his boy.他皱着眉头, 因为他在为他的孩子担心. (is worrying表示原因)b. She criticizes him. She is trying to correct his wrong habits. 她批评他, 想纠正他的坏习惯. (is trying表示目的)c. She lets her child have his own way. She is spoiling him. 她不管她的孩子, 把他惯坏了. ( is spoiling表示结果)⑤.不表示持续的行为, 而表示知觉, 感觉, 看法, 认识, 感情, 愿望或某种状态的动词通常不用现在进行时, 如: see, hear, smell, taste, recognize, notice, forget, remember, understand, know, believe, suppose, mean, think, love, hate, care, like, dislike, worry, forgive, want, wish, hope, refuse, feel like, belong to , possess, ow n, have, be, seem等三.现在完成时:1.构成: have / has done2.用法:①.表示动作在说话之前己经完成, 而后果或影响至今仍存在a. He has gone to Shanghai. ( =He went to Shanghai and he is not here now. )b. I have opened the window. ( =I opened the window and the window is now open.)c. The concert has started. ( =The concert sta rted and is now going on. )d. I have had breakfast. (=I had breakfast and I am not hungry now. )②.表示开始于过去, 持续到现在(也许还会继续进行下去)的动作或状态, 用于延续性动词, 且句中常带有表示段时间的时间状语a. I have studied English since 1987.b. He has lived here for two years.c. He has been ill for ten days.3.现在完成时与一般过去时的区别:①.现在完成时和一般过去时所表示的动作都发生在过去, 但前者将过去的动作与现在的结果或对现在的影响联系起来, 而后者只限于表示过去的动作本身, 与现在无关②.现在完成时不能与表明确时间的状语如: yesterday, last year, two days ago, when I came in等连用, 但可与表示不明确时间的状语如: already, yet, sometimes, often, before, lately, recently, once, twice, ever等连用, 也可以和包括现在在内的时间状语如: this morning, today, this week, this year等连用a. She has already come.b. I have met him before.c. Ma Hong has always been a good student.d. Have you ever been to the Great Wall ?e. I have seen him this morning.四.现在完成进行时:1.构成: have / has been doing2.特征: 现在完成进行时兼有现在完成时和现在进行时两者的特点①.它具有现在完成时的特点, 即表示动作发生在过去, 延续到现在或对现在产生影响②.它具有现在进行时的特点, 即可以表示此动作仍在进行或还会继续a. Mr. Smith has taught English for twenty years. ( 至今为止教过二十年英语, 至于teach是否结束或是否延续, 不得而知)b. Mr. Smith has been teaching English for twenty years.( 现在仍在教英语,而且将持续下去)3.用法:①.表示现在之前的一段时间里一直进行的动作, 此动可能仍在进行, 也可能刚刚停止a. I h ave been reading the book all the morning.b. He has been staying here for two hours.c. I have been living in Beijing since 1972.②.表示现在之前的一段时间里一再重复的动作a. I have been calling you several times in the past two days.4.现在完成时与现在完成进行时的区别: 前者着重表示过去动作对现在的影响或结果; 后者着重表示过去动作的持续进行a. I have written six letters since I got back.我己经写了六封信 (强调结果)b. I have been writing letter since I got back. 我回家后一直在写信 (强调一直在写)c. I have read this book.我读过这本书了(强调读过这一结果)d. I have been reading this book.我一直在读这本书 (强调一直在读)。
11高中语法专题句子成分之谓语(英语中8种句子成分的具体充当)(共13张)PPT课件
4.行为动词（实义动词）
1.It happened in June 1932.这件事发生于一九三二年六月。
2.My watch stopped.我的表停了
3.We arrived at the railway station at noon.
我们于中午到达火车站。(at不能省去）
4.He asked the teacher a few questions．
10
4. V+ adv+prep. (动词+副词+介词) get along with，look forward to ， catch up with，run out of ( 用完)……..
5. V + adv. (动词+副词) turn on (开)， put on ，take off ，come out (出来)，put up( 张贴)， set up (建立)， give up(放弃)，stay up(熬夜)……….
It'S An Honor To Walk With You All The Way
演讲人：XXXXXX
时 间：XX年XX月XX日
33
什么是谓语呢？谓语由谁来充当呢？
1
不定式 动名词 分词
非 动词 谓 1.实义动词Vi/vt
谓 语
语 2.短语动词
2
谓语的功能和构造
Vt
谓 1. 实义动词 vi
语
1.时态和语态
2.短语动词
2.短语动词（vi/vt）
谓
语
3. S+Link +pre….
部 分
4.谓语部分(短语和实义动词)
3
谓语
动词
高中英语语法：谓语动词的时态ppt课件
（四）动词第三人称单数形式变化规则
1、一般情况下，动词后直接加-s;如：help-helps ,clean-cleans ,give-gives等。
2、以s，x，ch，sh或o结尾的动词，在词尾加-es;如：
dress-dresses,fix-fixes,watch-watches,finish-finishes等。 3、以辅音字母加y结尾的动词，把y变为i，再加-es;如 ：study--studies,fly-flies,carry--carries等。
fatter
busier heavier earlier
fattest
busiest heaviest
earliest
一、形容词和副词比较级和最高级的构成
1、规则变化
构成方法 原 级
tired easily
比较级
more tired more easily
最高级
most tired most easily most important most difficult most delicious
高中英语语法：谓语 动词的时态
一、一般现在时态
（一）定义 表示经常性或习惯性的动作，或存在的状态，还表 示主语具备的性格和能力及客观真理。 例：I get up at 6:30 in the morning . She is at home .
(二)构成 主要用动词原形表示，当主语是第三人称单数时 ，在动词词尾加s/es。
2、表示客观真理，科学事实、格言警句。 The sun rises in the east .日出东方。 The earth goes around the sun .地球绕着太阳转
3、根据英文语法规定，当主句的谓语动词是一般将来 时，那么时间或条件状语从句的谓语动词只能用一般 现在时来表示将来要发生的动作。
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非谓语动词补充材料1.不定式的构成不定式是由不定式符号to+动词原形构成，在某些情况下to也可省略。
不定式一般主动式被动式一般式to do to be done完成式to have done to have been done进行式to be doing /完成进行式to have been doing / 1)不定式的一般式所表示的动作通常与主要谓语的动作同时或几乎同时发生，或是在它之后发生。
如：They invited us to go there this summer. 他们邀请我们今年夏天去那儿。
He stood aside for me to pass. 他站到一边让我通过。
2)不定式的完成式不定式的完成式所表示的动作在谓语所表示的动作之前发生，它在句中可作表语、状语、宾语，有时也可作主语、定语等。
如：She seemed to have heard about this matter. 她似乎已听说过这件事。
I am sorry to have kept you waiting so long. 我很抱歉让你等了这么久。
I meant to have told you about it, but I happened to have an important thing to do.我本来想告诉你这件事的，但我碰巧有一件重要的事要做。
It has been an honor for me to have traveled so much in your country.对我来说，在你们国家旅行这么多地方是一件很荣幸的事情。
3)不定式的进行式不定式的进行式表示正在进行的与谓语动词同时发生的动作。
它在句中可以用作除谓语以外的所有成分。
如：It’s nice of you to be helping us these days.你真好，这些天一直帮我们。
He pretended to be listening to the teacher carefully. 他假装在认真地听老师讲课。
We didn’t expe ct you to be waiting for us here. 我们没料到你一直在这儿等我4)不定式的完成进行式如果不定式表示的动作是谓语所表示时间之前一直进行的动作，就需要用完成进行式。
如：They are said to have been working in Tibet for 20 years. 据说他们已经在西藏工作20年了。
We are happy to have been helping each other these days. 我们很高兴这些天能互相帮助。
5)动词不定式的否定形式是由not或never加不定式构成。
如：Try not to be late again next time. 尽量下次不要再迟到。
He wished us never to meet her again. 他希望我们永远不要再见到她。
6)疑问词+动词不定式：不定式和疑问词whether, what, which, whom, where, when, how, why等连用可以在句中起名词的作用，通常跟在tell, know, show, decide, learn, wonder, explain, advise, teach, discuss, find out等动词后面作宾语，有时也可以充当主语、表语等。
如：On hearing the news, he didn’t know whether to laugh or to cry.听到这个消息，他不知道该哭还是该笑。
When to hold the meeting has not decided. 什么时候开会还没有决定。
The most important problem is how to get so much money.最重要的事情是如何搞到这么多钱。
介词后一般不直接接不定式，但可以接疑问词+不定式短语作宾语。
如：Mary gave some advice on how to learn English. 玛丽提了一些如何学习英语的建议。
I have no idea of how to do it. 我不知道该怎么做。
但是but和except后面可以跟不定式。
如：He did nothing but wander on the street. 他除了在街上闲逛外，没有做什么。
I have no choice but to wait. 我除了等待以外别无其他选择。
7)不定式的被动式：当不定式逻辑上的主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者时，不定式一般要用被动形式，to be +过去分词和to have been +过去分词。
这些形式可以用来作主语、表语、宾语、定语、状语、补语。
如：It’s a good thing for him to have been scolded by the teacher.对他来说，被老师责备是一件好事。
They seemed to be satisfied with the result. 他们似乎对结果很满意。
He asked to be sent to work in the countryside. 他要求被派往农村工作。
She was the last person to have been mentioned at the meeting.她是会上最后一个被提到的人。
I had to shout to be heard. 我不得不大喊才能被听到。
We don’t like our friends to be laughed at from time to time.我们不喜欢我们的朋友不时地被嘲笑。
二．不定式不带to的规则：前面我们已经谈到，在一些使役动词和感官动词后的不定式作宾语补语时，不定式符号to常常省略，下面还有几种情况请大家注意：①动词原形come, go等在口语中可接不带to的不定式。
如：Go tell her. 去告诉他。
Come have a glass. 来喝一杯。
②在why引起的一些疑问句中，疑问词直接跟动词原形或not+动词原形。
如：Why spend so much money? 为什么花这么多钱？Why not let her have a try? 为什么不再让她试一试？③在had better（还是……最好）, had best（最好，顶好）, would rather（宁可，宁愿）,would rather…than（宁可……而不……）, would sooner（宁可，宁愿）, would sooner…than（宁可……而不……）, cannot but（不得不，必然）, cannot choose but（只得）, cannot help but（不得不）等结构后直接跟动词原形或not +动词原形。
如：You’d better listen to your teacher’s opinion.你最好听一听老师的看法。
I would rather work than stay idle. 我宁愿工作而不愿闲坐。
Rather than ride on a crowded bus, he always prefers to ride a bicycle.他宁愿挤公共汽车也不愿骑自行车。
Liu Hulan would sooner die than surrender. 刘胡兰宁死不屈。
One’s world outlook cannot but come through in what one says and does.一个人的世界观必然在他的言行中表现出来。
④在介词but, except之前如有动词do的任一形式，其后的动词不定式不用to。
如：Last evening I did nothing but repair my farm tools. 昨晚上我除了修理农具外，没有做其它的事情。
Now there was nothing he could do except admit defeat. 现在他只有认输。
如but 之前没有do，其后的不定式则一般要加to。
如：I’m afraid we have no choice but to take a taxi.恐怕我们别无选择，只好乘出租车了。
They desired nothing but to succeed. 他们只想成功。
⑤在出现并列的动词不定式时，为了避免重复，后面的不定式符号to可省略。
如：I really don’t know what to say and do.我真的不知道该说什么，该干什么。
Can you help me to call him and ask him to attend the meeting at 2:00 p.m.?你能不能帮我打电话给他，叫他下午两点来开会？但如果两个不定式有对比的意思，则不定式符号to不可被省去。
如：I came not to scold you but to praise you. 我是来夸你的，不是来骂你的。
The purpose of the new technology is to make life easier, not to make it more difficult.新技术的目的是为了使生活更容易，而不是使生活更艰难。
三．动词不定式的省略问题：上文中出现了某一动词或动词短语，下文中再遇到此动词的不定式结构时，往往要省略动词不定式，但通常省略动词原形或短语而保留不定式符号to，一般有下面几种情况：①含有助动词或情态动词如be going to, used to, have to, ought to, be able to, be aboutto等+动词原形结构时：---Do you think I ought to go to see my doctor? 你认为我应该去看医生吗？---Yes, I think you ought to. 是的，我想你应该去。
She must go but you don’t have to.她必须走，但你没有必要。
②含有动词want, decide, like, love, hope, wish, mean, refuse, try等+不定式作宾语结构时：---Did you go to see the Great Wall? 你去看长城了吗？---I wanted to, but I was too busy. 我本来想去的，但我太忙了。