安全驾驶

解决办法；Therapy for road rage:
– 深呼吸，随它去吧 Take a deep breath and just let it go!
不安全状态 Unsafe conditions
Poor visibility
– Night time driving (Fatality rates/mile are 4 times higher at night.) – Dust storms – Rain storms – Windshield wipers not effective
Driving Safety 驾驶安全
驾驶安全 Driving Safety
我们道路的安全状况如何？ How safe are our roads? 驾驶伤害－无论在岗与否 Driving injuries-on or off the job 车轮后的不安全行为 Unsafe acts behind the wheel 酒后驾车 Driving under the influence 情绪急燥 “Road rage” 不安全状态 Unsafe conditions 车辆安全特性 Vehicle safety features 您知道吗？ Did you know?
– 对我们大多数而言，无论在岗与否，都要途经道路 – 我们每天都要面对
最近的报告 经理人员在旅途中
– 从家里驱车通过高速公路前往机场 – 通过后视镜剃胡须 – 看见有东西挡在他的前方 – 第一反应朝右行驶，跑出路面并撞上一棵树 – 导致臀部骨折
Driving injuries - on or off the job
其他?
车辆安全特性 Vehicle safety features
白天使用灯光 Daytime running lights – (Headlights that are on whenever vehicle is running) 使用安全带 Lap/shoulder safety belts – 减少50％的风险 – Reduce risk of moderate-to-fatal injuries by approximately 50%. 安全气囊 Air bags for driver & passenger – Combined with lap/shoulder belts, they reduce risk of fatality by another 10%. 侧撞安全气囊 Side impact airbags 安全气囊的打开（启动） Ability to disengage airbags
Other?
不安全状态 Unsafe conditions
视线不佳
– 夜间行驶 (夜间重大事故 率高于其他时间4倍） – 沙尘暴 – 暴风雨 – 雨刮器失效
不当的车辆 维护
– – – – – 刹车问题 轮胎磨损 (油、水)管，皮带 不当地加速 车灯失效
路况不好
– 气候造成的湿滑路面 – 道路未进行适当的维护
最危险的 Most dangerous
– 紧邻亚利桑那洲的密西西比河的路段 Mississippi followed by Arizona (deaths/miles driven)
Driving injuries - on or off the job
最危险的环境
The most hazardous environment
儿童安全座椅 Child safety seats
– Note: Children in child seats should not be placed in the front seat of cars
防抱死刹车 Anti-lock brakes 一体化车架 Safety cages built into the vehicle framework 假如新买一辆车，询问有关侧撞 数据 If buying a new car, ask about side-impact collision data. 其他 Other?
我们道路的安全状况如何 How safe are our roads?
美国有关数据 Data for the U.S.
– 每年死亡约45000人 ~45,000 deaths/year – 每小时5人死亡，260人残疾 5 deaths and 260 disabling injuries per hour – 有人员死亡的事故数和死亡人数6月开始攀升，8月达到顶峰 The # of deaths & # deaths/mile jumps in June, and peaks in August. – 礼拜五(特别是在晚上）重大事故多于其他时间 Friday (especially evening/night hours) has more fatal accidents than any other day
您知道吗 Did you know?
在不熟悉的道路上行驶 When driving on a road that is new to you: – 从左到右观察是个很好的习惯 – You eyes tend to scan the road from left to right which is an excellent driving habit. – 在熟悉的路段，注意往往不够 – We tend not to scan when in familiar territory. 与前车的安全距离 How closely can you safely follow another car? – 取决于我们所能看到的路面 – We tend to follow based on how much of the road we can see » A long hood causes us to follow at a greater distance (since you have to look over the hood to see the street). » Drivers with shorter hoods tend to follow more closely – 应用2秒、4秒原则 Use the 2 or 4 second rule » Good driving conditions, keep a 2 second distance behind » Poor driving conditions, keep a 4 second distance behind
Young driver struck a pole at a high rate of speed, the seat belt and air bags probably saved his life. The line crew said the 16 year old driver 04/26/2002 was standing up outside the car when the police got there. The front of A.M the car was about 60 feet from the rear (see slide #3).
Байду номын сангаас
“Road rage”
Road rage－在急燥情绪下驾车 Road rage – driving under the influence of too much anger. Provoked by:
– Feeling endangered by someone else’s driving (another driver cuts you off or tailgates you). – 被迫减速 Resentment at being forced to slow down – 气愤某人违反交通规则 Indignation at someone who breaks traffic rules – 气愤某人压线行驶 Anger at someone taking out their road rage on you
车轮后的不安全行为 Unsafe acts behind the wheel
不使用安全带 Not using a seatbelt 酒后驾车 Driving under the influence 吃东西、喝饮料、剃胡须 Eating, drinking, shaving 使用电话 Using cell phone 化妆 Putting on make-up 查看地图 Reading a map 扭头训斥小孩 Reaching behind you to discipline kids 不安全的速度 Driving at an unsafe speed 不当的停车 Failing to stop or yield 不安全超车 Unsafe passing of another vehicle Tailgating 不使用转向灯 Not using turn signal & hazard lights 其他 Others?
04/26/2002 A.M
Driving under the influence (DUI)
94年的重大交通事故中，酒后驾车占41％ Alcohol was involved in 41% of all traffic fatalities in ‘94 Sobering facts: – 有2/5的美国人在其生活中，可能遭遇到与酒精有关的交通事故 About 2 in every 5 Americans will be involved in an alcohol-related traffic accident at some time in their lives – 记住“1-1”原则：一次饮酒一小时（即您的身体需要1小时时间方能消除半盎 司的酒精） – Remember the one-one rule: one drink one hour (Your body takes about an hour to rid itself of each 1/2 ounce of alcohol) 改进Progress in this arena: – 全社会共同谴责酒后驾车 A social stigma has been building against drinking & driving – 饮酒者承担更多职责 Many social drinkers are being more responsible – 加大处罚力度 Society and governments have increased the penalties
The most hazardous environment
– For most of us, whether on or off the job, it is on the road. – We face it daily.
A recent report;
Manager was beginning a business trip Was driving from his house to the airport on the freeway Was shaving and looking into the rearview mirror Saw (in peripheral vision) something cut in front of him Reacted by steering to the right, driving off the freeway and hitting a tree – Result was a broken hip – – – – –
Improper vehicle maintenance
– – – – – Inadequate brakes Worn tread on tires Hoses, belts Inadequate acceleration Headlight(s) out
Poor road conditions
– Slippery surfaces from weather – Road not properly maintained