微生物专业词汇
微生物学名词
1.微生物化：指设法使原来以组织器官等方式生长的高等动植物的细胞集团，改变成像微生物那样以纯种方式生长的单细胞群体，借以必挥类似微生物特有的小体积大面积体制的优越性，从而提高高等动植物细胞或其独特代谢产物的产量。
2.模式微生物：指适用于研究和揭示生命活动基本规律的各种微生物代表，例如，酿酒酵母曾用于研究糖酵解机制，脉孢菌研究本酶与基因之间的关系，大肠杆菌曾用于研究突变和遗传调控机制，肺炎链球菌曾用于研究遗传物质的本质，以及用T偶数噬菌体和烟草花叶病毒（TMV）研究生命的本质等。
3.曲颈瓶试验：巴斯德设计的一个著名实验，曾用于驳斥生命的自然发生说。
烧制的上端有一个细长弯曲颈部的玻璃瓶，其内盛有营养液。
将它加热煮沸冷却后，外界空气仍可进入，而尘埃却被阻挡在颈部，结果营养液长期不发生腐败。
相反，若颈部分折断或是让营养液与颈部尘埃接触，则营养液很快腐败。
由此，他否定了自然发生学说，并提出生命必须来自生命的胚种学说。
4.菌丝体（mycelium ): 放线菌特征性的形成典型的长而具有多核的丝状体或菌丝，可相互交叉形成网络，称为菌丝体（mycelium )。
5.肽聚糖(peptidoglycan) 真细菌细胞壁的特有成分，由无数肽聚糖单体以网状形式交联而成。
肽聚糖单体由肽与聚糖两部分构成，其中的肽由四肽尾和肽桥构成，聚糖则由N —乙酰葡糖胺和N—乙酰胞壁酸以β—1，4糖苷键相互间隔交联而成，呈长链骨架状。
6.周质空间(periplasmicspace) 一般指位于G—细菌细胞壁外膜与细胞膜之间的狭窄空间，呈胶状，内含各种周质蛋白，包括各种酶类和受体蛋白等。
7.L型细菌(1 form ofbacteria) 指在实验室或宿主体内通过自发突变而形成的遗传性稳定的细胞壁缺陷菌株。
因最初发现的念珠状链杆菌(Streptobacillus monil扣rmis)是在英国Lister研究所发现，故称L型细菌。
8.原生质体(protoplast) 在人为条件下，用溶菌酶除尽细菌等微生物原有细胞壁或用青霉素抑制新生细胞壁合成后，所得到的仅有一层细胞膜包裹着的圆球状细胞，一般由G+细菌形成。
微生物学英汉词汇
微生物学英汉词汇6-aminopenicillanic acid 6-氨基青霉烷酸adeno associated virus 腺伴随病毒agaricinic acid 蘑菇酸ambrosia fungi 虫道真菌Ames test 埃姆斯试验anaerobic chamber 厌氧培养室archaebacteria 古细菌archetista 古始生物界ascosporulation 子囊孢子形成asymbiotic nitrogen fixation 非共生固氮作用attenuatio 减毒作用autotrophic succession 自养演替axenic cultivation 纯性培养axenic culture 纯性培养物base-plate hub [噬菌体]基片插孔basidiospore 担孢子beef extract 牛肉膏biochemical medium 生化培养基biovar 生物变型cell line 细胞系clamp cell 锁状细胞cleistocarp 闭囊果coccus 球菌co-cultivation 协同培养commensalism 偏利共栖compensative eyepiece 补偿目镜complex symmetry 复合对称conditional lethal 条件致死conditional mutant 条件突变株continuous fermentation 连续发酵cord factor 索状因子corynebacteria 棒状菌cover glass 盖玻片culture transfering 移种dark-field 暗视野deep colony 深层菌落Differential interference contrast microscope, DICM [分辨]干涉差显微镜diphtheria toxin 白喉毒素diplococcus 双球菌discocarp 盘状子囊果drug susceptibility 药物敏感性dry heat sterilization 干热灭菌early genes [病毒]早期基因efficiency of plating 成斑效率enriched medium 滋养培养基enterovirus 肠道病毒epibasidium 上担子erythrogenic toxin 红斑毒素extreme bacteria 极端细菌fermentation capacity 发酵[能]力Fernbach flask 冯巴赫瓶fiber antigen [噬菌体]尾丝抗原food poisoning 食物中毒fractional cultivation 分部培养[法] germ-free animal 无菌动物germ-free plant 无菌植物Gram-positive bacteria 革兰氏阳性菌hanging drop method 悬滴法heat fixation 热固定hemagglutination inhibition 血凝抑制heterocyst 异形[囊]胞hexonmer,hexons [病毒]六邻体H-O variation H-O 变异homobasidium 同担子hydrogen sulfide production test 硫化氢试验hydrogenogens 产氢菌hymenium 子实层hyphal body 虫菌体immune adherence hemagglutination assay, IAHA免疫粘连血凝测定in vitro 体外inclusion body 包含体India-ink capsule staining 墨汁荚膜染色indole test 吲哚试验infectious dose 50%, ID 50 半感染剂量initial body [衣原体]始体inoculating needle 接种针inoculation hood 接种箱invert microscope 倒置显微镜isolation medium 分离培养基Koester's stain 柯斯特染料Lancefield's streptococcalgrouping test蓝氏链球菌分群试验leghaemoglobin 豆血红蛋白Leifson's flagella staining 赖夫松鞭毛染色lipopolysaccharides 脂多糖类Loeffler's methylene blue 吕氏甲烯蓝log phase 对数期Lugol's iodine solution 鲁戈氏碘液lysis inhibition [噬菌体]裂解阻抑lysogenic bacteria 溶原性细菌main fermentation 主发酵mesophilic bacteria 中温菌methanochondria 甲烷粒体microbial sensor 微生物传感器microbiology 微生物学microcyst 微包囊monotricha 单鞭毛菌mucoid colony 粘液型菌落muramic acid 胞壁酸mycoderm, pellicle [菌]醭negative strand 负链neurovirulence 神经毒力nitrogen fixation 固氮作用normal flora 正常菌群nutrient broth 营养肉汤O antigen 菌体抗原oil immersion objective 油浸物镜oligodynamic action 微[量]动[力]作用oomycetes 卵菌organotrophic bacteria 有机营养菌paleomicrobiology 古微生物学pantropic virus 泛嗜性病毒pathotype 致病型pentomer,pentons [病毒]五邻体peplomerbody 包膜突起perfringocin 产气荚膜梭菌素periplasmic space 壁膜间隙petroleum microbiology 石油微生物学phase contrast microscope 相差显微镜phenol coefficient 石炭酸系数phenotypic mixing 表型混杂photoheterotrophic bacteria 光能异养菌phycocyanobilin 藻蓝胆素phyllospheric microorganism 叶际微生物pilot protein [噬菌体]先导蛋白plate 平板plate streaking 平板划线pock assay 痘疱试验primary succession 原生演替prodigiosus toxin 灵菌毒素protophyte 原生植物prototunicate ascus 原囊壁子囊purple membrane 紫膜replica plating 影印培养法resistance factor 抗药因子resolving power 分辨率resting cell 静息细胞rhizospheric microorganism 根际微生物rod 杆菌rust fungi 锈菌satellite virus 卫星病毒secondary succession 次生演替seta 刚毛shallow tray fermentation 浅盘发酵sheathed bacteria 鞘细菌single cell protein, SCP 单细胞蛋白singly embedded virus 单粒包埋型病毒slime layer 粘液层smooth type 光滑型smut fungi 黑粉菌spreading factor 扩散因子stab culture 穿刺培养物stationary phase 稳定期stroma 子座tail fiber [噬菌体]尾丝thermal death point 热[致]死点thermophilric bacteria 耐热细菌tissue culture 组织培养top fermentation 上面发酵trichome [细菌]毛状体Triphenyl tetrazolium chloridemethod, TTCM氯化三苯基四氮唑法tuberculin unit, TU 结核菌素单位uredostage 夏孢子期vaccinetherapy, vaccinotherapy 菌苗疗法valinomycin, aminomycin 缬氨霉素veterinary microbiology 兽医微生物学X factor X 因子X-body X体yeast like colony 类酵母型菌落α-inhibitor[流感病毒]α抑制物] auxanography 生长谱测定[法]50% lethal dose, LD 50 半数致死量50% tissue culture infective dose, TCID 50 半数组织培养感染量7-aminocephalosporinic acid 7-氨基头孢菌酸abjunction [孢子]切落ablastin 抑殖素abortin 流产菌素abstriction [孢子]缢断acervulus 分生孢子盘acetification 醋化作用acetogen 产乙酸菌achromatic lens 消色差透镜acid-fast staining 抗酸细菌染色法acidification 酸化作用acidophilic bacteria 嗜酸菌aclacinomycin 阿克拉霉素acrospore 顶生孢子actidione, cycloheximide 放线酮actinomycetes 放线菌actinomycin 放线菌素activated sludge 活性污泥active dry yeast 活性干酵母adenovirus 腺病毒adhesin 粘附素adriamycin 阿霉素aeciospore 锈孢子aecium 锈子器aerial mycelium 气生菌丝体aerobe 需氧菌aerobic cultivation 需氧培养aerobic respiration 需氧呼吸aerobiosis 需氧生活aerogen 产气菌aerotaxis 趋氧性aerotorelant bacteria 耐氧菌aethalium 粘菌体aflatoxin 黄曲霉毒素agar 琼脂agar plate 琼脂平板agar slant 琼脂斜面agarfitine 伞菌氨酸agaricin 蘑菇素aggressin 攻击素aggressivity 攻击力aging 陈酿化agricultural microbiology 农业微生物学agrobacteriocin 土壤杆菌素akinete 静息孢子Albert's staining 阿氏染色aleuriospore 侧生孢子algocyan, leucocyan 藻蓝素allantospore 腊肠形孢子allelopathic substances 异株克生物质allelopathy 异种克生[现象] allophycocyanin 别藻蓝素ambutyrosin 氨丁苷菌素amensalism 偏害共栖American Type CultureCollection, ATCC美国模式培养物保藏所amerospore 无隔孢子ammonification 氨化作用amphitrichate 两端单[鞭]毛菌amphitrophy 兼性营养amphotericin 两性霉素amylo process 阿明露法anaerobe 厌氧菌anaerobic cultivation 厌氧培养anaerobic digestion 厌氧消化anaerobic respiration 厌氧呼吸anaerobiosis 厌氧生活anaerogen 不产气菌anamorph 无性型anastomosis [菌丝]融合androgamete 雄配子androgenesis 雄核发育androphore 雄器柄androspore 产雄器孢子annellospore 环痕孢子annulus 菌环anoxyphotobacteria 无氧光细菌ansamitocin 安丝菌素antagonism 拮抗作用anthelmycin 抗蠕霉素antheridium 雄器antibacterial agent 抗菌剂antibiotic 抗生素antibiotic spectrum 抗生谱antidiphtheric serum 抗白喉血清antifoam agent 消泡剂antifungal agent 抗真菌剂antigenic drift 抗原性漂移antigenic shift 抗原性转变antilysin 抗溶[菌]素antimetabolites 抗代谢物antimicrobial agent 抗微生物剂antimycin 抗霉素antisepsis 防腐antiseptic 防腐剂antiserum 抗血清antitoxin 抗毒素apex [噬菌体]顶体apical capsomere [噬菌体]顶部壳粒apicle 顶体aplasmomycin 除疟霉素apochromatic lens 全消色差透镜apogamy 无配生殖apomixis 无融合生殖apophysis 囊托apothecium 子囊盘appendage [菌体]附器apramycin 阿泊拉霉素aquatic microbiology 水生微生物学arbovirus 虫媒病毒Arnold steam sterilizor 流通蒸汽灭菌器arthroconidium 节分生孢子arthrospore 节孢子ascocarp 子囊果ascogenous hypha 产囊丝ascogonium 产囊体ascomycetes 子囊菌ascospore 子囊孢子ascostroma 子囊座ascus 子囊aseptic technique 无菌操作aspergillin 曲霉菌素aspertoxin 曲霉毒素asporogenous yeasts 无孢子酵母菌assembly [病毒]装配assimilation 同化作用associated virus 伴随病毒attenuated strain 减毒株autoclave 高压灭菌器autoclaving 高压灭菌autoinoculation 自身接种autolysin 自溶素autolysis 自溶[现象] automatic airlock 自动气锁autotrophic bacteria 自养菌autotrophy 自养autovaccine 自身疫苗autovaccine 自身菌苗auxanogram 生长谱auxotroph 营养缺陷型avermectin 除虫菌素axial filament 轴丝azotogen 固氮菌剂azygospore 拟接合孢子azygote 单性合子bacitracin 杆菌肽bacteremia 菌血症bacteria 细菌bacterial colony counter 菌落计数器bacterial vaccine 菌苗bacterial virulence 细菌毒力bactericide 杀细菌剂bactericidin 杀[细]菌素bacteriochlorophyll [细]菌[叶]绿素bacteriocin 细菌素bacterioerythrin 菌红素bacteriofluorescein 细菌荧光素bacteriology 细菌学bacteriolysis 溶菌作用bacteriolytic reaction 溶[细]菌反应bacteriophage 噬菌体bacteriophage typing 噬菌体分型bacteriophagology 噬菌体学bacteriopurpurin 菌紫素bacteriorhodopsin [细菌]紫膜质bacteriosome 细菌小体bacteriostasis 抑菌作用bacteriostat 抑菌剂bacteriotoxin 细菌毒素bacteriotropin 亲菌素bacteroid 类菌体ballistospore 掷孢子barophilic bacteria 嗜压菌base-plate fibril [噬菌体]基片丝base-plate wedge [噬菌体]基片楔突basic medium 基础培养基basidiocarp 担子果basidiomycetes 担子菌basidiophore 担子体basidium 担子batch cultivation 分批培养batch fermentation [罐]批发酵BCG vaccine 卡介苗bean sprouts medium 豆芽汁培养基beef broth 牛肉汁bicyclomycin 双环霉素binary fission 二分分裂binocular microscope 双目显微镜bioassay 生物测定bioconversion 生物转化biogas 沼气biological control 生物防治biological products 生物制品biomass 生物量biomass 生物质biosphere 生物圈biotype 生物型biphasic cultivation 双相培养bipolar staining 两极染色bitunicate ascus 双囊壁子囊blasticidin 杀稻瘟素blastoconidium 芽分生孢子blastospore 芽生孢子bleomycin 博来霉素blind passage 盲传blooms 水华bottom fermentation 下面发酵bottom yeast 下面酵母bran koji 麸曲brewing 酿造brewing technique 酿造技术bright field microscope 明视野显微镜broth cultivation 肉汤培养broth culture 肉汤培养物brucellin 布氏菌素budding 芽殖burst size [噬菌体]裂解量butirosin, butyrosin 丁苷菌素candicidin 杀假丝菌素candle jar 烛罐capillitium 孢丝capreomycin, capromycin 卷曲霉素capsid [病毒]壳体capsomer, capsomere [病毒]壳粒capsule 荚膜carbol fuchsin 石炭酸品红carbon balance 碳平衡carboxydotrophic bacteria 一氧化碳营养菌carminomycin 洋红霉素carotenoids 类葫萝卜素carrier 带[病]毒者carrier 带菌者carrier phage 载体噬菌体carriomycin 腐霉素casamino acids[水解]酪蛋白氨基酸caulobacteria 柄细菌cedar oil 香柏油celesticetin 天青菌素cell strain 细胞株cellulase 纤维素酶central spore 中生芽孢centrum 壳心cephalosporin 头孢菌素cephalotricha 单端丛[鞭]毛菌chemoautotrophic bacteria 化能自养菌chemoautotrophy 化能自养chemoheterotrophic bacteria 化能异养菌chemolithotrophic bacteria 化能无机营养菌chemolithotrophy 化能无机营养chemoorganotrophic bacteria 化能有机营养菌chemoorganotrophy 化能有机营养chemostat 恒化器chemotaxis 趋化性chemotherapy 化学疗法chemotrophy 化能营养chemotropism 向化性chemotype 化学型chemovar 化学变型China Committee for CultureCollection of Microorganisms,中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会CCCCMChinese Society forMicrobiology, CSM 中国微生物学会chlamydia 衣原体chlamydospore 厚壁孢子chloromycetin, chloramphenicol 氯霉素chloroteracycline, aureomycin 金霉素chromatophore 载色体chromogenic bacteria 产色细菌chromomycin 色霉素chuangxinmycin 创新霉素Chu-inhibitor ,β－inhibitor [流感病毒]朱氏抑制物chytrid 壶菌cirrus 孢子角clamp connection 锁状联合clavulanic acid 棒酸cleistothecium 闭囊壳climax community 顶极群落clindamycin 氯林肯霉素clitocybine 杯伞素clone 克隆closed growth system 封闭生长系统cluster 聚簇clypeus 盾状体coagulase 凝固酶coagulase factor 凝固酶因子coccobacillus 球杆菌cococarde 半透明型突变噬斑coenocyte 多核细胞coenogamete 多核配子coenosporangium 多核孢子囊coenospore 多核孢子coenozygote 多核合子coenzyme M 辅酶Mco-immobilization 共固定化作用colicin, colicine 大肠菌素colicinogenic factor 大肠杆菌素生成因子coliform group 大肠菌类coli-index 大肠[杆]菌指数colistin 粘菌素colititre 大肠[杆]菌值collar [噬菌体]颈部collarette 囊领colony 菌落colony forming units, CFU 菌落形成单位columella 囊轴combined vaccine 联合疫苗companions 伴生种compatibility 相容性competence 感受态competition 兢争[共栖] complementation 互补complete medium 完全培养基concatemer [噬菌体]串联体concave slide 凹玻片conditioned pathogen 条件致病菌conidiocarp 分生孢子果conidiophore 分生孢子梗conidium 分生孢子conjugate division [噬菌体]接合分裂conjugation 接合[作用] connector [噬菌体]颈圈consortium 聚生体constriction 缢缩[作用] contaminant 污染物contamination 污染continuous cultivation 连续培养continuous sterilization 连续灭菌cooked meat medium 庖肉培养基coprinin 鬼伞菌素cordycepin 蛹虫草菌素core [噬菌体]髓部core 核心coremium 菌丝束cortex [芽孢]皮层cortinellin 香菇菌素cosmid 粘粒counterstaining 对染[法]critical killing dilution 临界杀菌浓度cross reactivation 交叉复活cryopreservation 深低温保藏[法]cryptic prophage 隐性前噬菌体cryptobiosis 隐生现象cubical symmetry 立体对称cultivation 培养culture 培养物culture flask 培养瓶cup fungi 盘菌curing [噬菌体]自愈cyanobacteria 蓝细菌cyanophycin 藻青素cyanophycin granule 藻青素颗粒cycloserine 环丝氨酸cyclosporin 环孢菌素cylinder plate method 杯碟法cystidium 囊状体cytochalasin 松胞菌素cytomycin 胞霉素cytopathic effect, CPE 致细胞病变[效应] cytoplasmic polyhedrosisvirus,CPV 质型多角体病毒Daqu (massive raw stater foralcholic liquor) 大曲dark-field microscope 暗视野显微镜dark-field microscopy 暗视野显微术daughter colony 子菌落daunomycin 道诺霉素decline phase 衰亡期decomposer 分解者defective interfering particle 干扰缺损颗粒defective mutant [病毒]缺损突变株defective virus 缺损病毒defined medium 确定成分培养基dehydrated medium 干燥培养基denitrification 反硝化作用denitrifying bacteria 反硝化细菌densovirus,DNV 浓核病毒dermatonecrotoxin 皮肤坏死毒素destomycin 越霉素deterioration 生物致劣determinative bacteriology 鉴定细菌学diagnostic microbiology 诊断微生物学dialysis cultivation 透析培养diary microbiology 乳品微生物学diauxie growth curve 双峰生长曲线dictyospore 砖格孢子didymospore 双胞孢子differential medium 鉴别培养基differential staining 鉴别染色法dilution method 稀释法dilution-plate method 稀释平板分离法dimorphic fungi 双态性真菌dimorphism 双态现象dipicolinic acid, DPA 2,6-吡啶二羧酸diplobacillus 双杆菌disinfectant 消毒剂disinfection 消毒dispore 双孢担孢子dissimilation 异化作用distamycin 偏端霉素donor 供体dormancy 休眠doubling time 倍增时间drug resistant gene 抗药基因drug resistant strain 抗药性菌株drug-resistance 抗药性Durham's fermentation tub 杜氏发酵管dwarf colony 侏儒型菌落dysbacteriosis 菌群失调early protein [病毒]早期蛋白eburicoic acid 齿孔酸ECHO virus 艾柯病毒eclipse period 隐蔽期ectendomycorrhiza 内外生菌根ectomycorrhiza 外生菌根ectothrix 毛外癣菌elater 弹丝electron microscope 电[子显微]镜elementary body 原[生小]体EMB agar 伊红甲烯蓝琼脂endobasidium 内生担子endoconidium 内分生孢子endogenenous variable 内源变量endogenous virus 内源病毒endomycorrhiza 内生菌根Endo's medium 远藤培养基endospore 内生孢子endosymbiosis 内共生endothrix 毛内癣菌endotoxin 内毒素enrichment medium 富集培养基enterococcin 肠球菌素enterotoxin 肠毒素entomogenous fungi 虫生真菌entomopathogen 昆虫病原微生物entomopox virus, EPV 昆虫痘病毒envelope antigen [病毒]包膜抗原envelope antigen [细菌]包被抗原envelope, peplos 包膜epidermolytic toxin 表皮溶解毒素epithecium 囊层被erythromycin 红霉素esterastin 抑酯酶素etiology 病原学eubacteria 真细菌eukaryote 真核生物eurythermal microorganism 广温微生物euvirus 真病毒everninomicin 扁枝衣霉素exfoliative toxin 剥脱性毒素exine 外壁exitine 芽孢外膜exospore 外生孢子exosporium [孢子]外壁exotoxin 外毒素exponential growth 指数生长extracellular enzyme 胞外酶factor 420 420 因子facultative anaerobe 兼性厌氧菌fastidious microorganism 苛求菌favic chandelier mycelium 黄癣菌丝feed back inhibition 反馈抑制fermentability 可发酵性fermentation 发酵fermenter 发酵罐fermicutes 硬壁[细]菌类fertility factor 致育因子Feulgen staining 富尔根染色fibrinolysin 溶纤维蛋白溶酶filamentous type colony 丝状型菌落filtration sterilization 过滤除菌fimbrium [噬菌体]伞毛fixed virus [狂犬病]固定毒flagellar antigen 鞭毛抗原flagellar basal body 鞭毛基体flagellin 鞭毛蛋白flagellum 鞭毛flat sour bacteria 平罐酸败菌flat-sour spoilage 平[罐]酸败flax retting 亚麻浸渍flora 菌群flora 区系fluorescence microscop 荧光显微镜food microbiology 食品微生物学foot cell 足细胞foot cell 脚胞forespore 前芽孢formycin 间型霉素fortimicin 健霉素fosfomycin, phosphonomycin 磷霉素foulbrood [蜜蜂]幼虫腐臭病fragmentation 断裂French cell press 弗氏[细胞]压碎器fruiting body 子实体fungi 真菌fungistat 抑真菌剂funiculus 菌丝索fusarinic acid 镰孢菌酸fuseau 顶生厚壁孢子gametangial copulation 配囊交配gametangium 配子囊gamete 配子gametocyte 配子母细胞gas vacuole 气泡GC values GC值gelatine liquefication 明胶液化gene cluster 基因簇gene transfer 基因转移general microbilogy 普通微生物学genetic transformation 遗传转化genotype 基因型gentamicin 艮他霉素geosmins [放线菌]土臭味素germ pore 芽孔germ slit 芽缝germ tube 芽管germicides 杀菌剂ghost 菌蜕giant colony 巨大菌落gleba 产孢体gliding 滑行gliding bacteria 滑行细菌gliotoxin 胶霉毒素glucose effect 葡萄糖效应glycocalyx 多糖包被gnotobiology 悉生生物学gnotobiote 悉生生物gonidium 微生子gougerotin 谷氏菌素gracilicutes 薄壁[细]菌类gradient plate 梯度平板Gram staining 革兰氏染色gramicidin 短杆菌肽Gram-negative bacteria 革兰氏阴性菌granule 颗粒体granulin 颗粒体蛋白granulose 细菌淀粉粒granulosis virus, GV 颗粒体症病毒grisein 灰霉素griseofulvin 灰黄霉素growth factor 生长因子Guarnieri's bodies 顾氏小体haemolysis 溶血[作用]halophilic bacteria 嗜盐菌hamathecium 囊间丝HBcAg乙型肝炎核心抗原HBeAg 乙型肝炎e抗原HBsAg 乙型肝炎表面抗原head [噬菌体]头部helical symmetry 螺旋对称helicospore 卷旋孢子helper virus 辅助病毒hemadsorption, HD 血细胞吸附hemagglutination, HA 血细胞凝集hemagglutinin 血凝素hemibasidium 半担子hemolysin 溶血素hemolytic test 溶血试验herbicidin 除莠菌素herbimycin 除莠霉素heterobasidium 隔担子heterofermentation 异型发酵heterofermentative lactic bacteria 异型发酵乳酸菌heterogamete 异形配子heterogamy 异配生殖heterology 异源性heterothallism 异宗配合heterotrophic bacteria 异养菌heterotrophic potential 异养潜能heterotrophic succession 异养演替heterotrophy 异养heterozygosis 杂合[现象] heterozygote 异形合子high frequency of recombination,Hfr 高频重组high power objective 高倍物镜holdfast 固着器holobasidium无隔担子holomorph 全型holomycin 全霉素homoacetogenic bacteria 同型[产]乙酸细菌homofermentation 同型发酵homofermentative lactic bacteria 同型发酵乳酸菌homoimmune phage 同源免疫噬菌体homology 同源性homothallism 同宗配合hormogonium [蓝细菌]连锁体host range mutant 宿主范围突变株hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶hydrogenotrophic bacteria 氢营养菌hydrogen-producing acetogenicbacteria 产氢产乙酸细菌hygromycin 潮霉素hymenophore 子实层体hypha 菌丝hyphal fragment 菌丝段hypholytic action 溶菌丝作用hyphopodium 附着枝hypnosporangium 休眠孢子囊hypnospore 休眠孢子hypobasidium 下担子hypogeal fungi 地下真菌hypostroma 下子座hypothallus 囊基膜hypothecium 囊层基hysterothecium 缝裂壳icosahedral symmetry 二十面体对称icosahedron capsid 二十面[体]壳体identification 鉴定idiotroph 特需营养要求型ilamycin 岛霉素immobilized cell 固定化细胞imperfect fungi 半知菌IMViC tes 吲哚、甲基红、V-P、柠檬酸试验in situ cultivation 原位培养in vivo 体内incineration 烧灼灭菌inclusion granule 内含颗粒incubator 培养箱indicator 指示菌indigenous flora 土著菌群indigenous flora 土著区系induced variation 诱发变异inducible phage [可]诱导噬菌体indusium 菌裙industrial microbiology 工业微生物学infection 侵染infection 感染infection 传染infectious center 侵染中心infectious center 感染中心infective dose, ID 侵染剂量infective dose, ID 感染剂量infectivity 侵染性infectivity 感染性inoculating loop 接种环inoculation, inoculating, inoculate 接种inoculum 接种物inoperculatae 无囊盖类interference 干扰[现象] interferon 干扰素International Union of Microbiological Societies, IUMS 国际微生物学会联合会interspecies H transfer 种间分子氢转移intestinal bacteria 肠道细菌intine 芽孢内膜intracellular enzym 胞内酶invasiveness 侵袭力involution form 衰老型irido virus 虹彩病毒iron bacteria 铁细菌isogametangium 同形配子囊isogamete 同形配子isogamy 同配生殖isolation 分离isospore 同形孢子istamycin 天神霉素ive bacterial vaccine 活菌苗ivermectin 双氢除虫菌素josamycin 交沙霉素kanamycin 卡那霉素kasugamycin 春日霉素killer particle 致死颗粒koji 日本酒曲kojic acid 曲酸Kolle flask 克氏瓶Kolmer test 科氏试验Kovac's oxidase reagent 柯氏Kovac's reagent 柯氏试剂lag phase 延滞期lambda particles phage λ噬菌体lapinization 兔化法lapinized virus 兔化毒late culture 平板培养物late genes [病毒]晚期基因late protein [病毒]晚期蛋白latent virus 潜伏病毒lawn 菌苔leaky mutant 渗漏突变体lens 透镜lepromin 麻风菌素leucocidin 杀白细胞素leucolysin 白细胞溶素leucomycin 柱晶白霉素L-form of bacterium 细菌L-型lincomycin 林可霉素liquid koji 液体曲liquid medium 液体培养基liquid nitrogen cryopreservation 液氮保藏[法] liquid state fermentation 液态发酵lithotrophic bacteria 无机营养菌litmus milk 石蕊牛奶live vaccine 活疫苗locule 子囊腔Loeffler's serum medium 吕氏血清培养基lophotricha 丛[鞭]毛菌low power objective 低倍物镜low virulent strain 弱毒株luminous bacteria 发光细菌lyophilization 冻干[保藏]法lysogenesis 溶原现象lysogenic conversion 溶原性转换lysogenization 溶原化lysogeny 溶原性lysostaphin 溶葡萄球菌素lysozyme 溶菌酶lytic cycle 裂解周期Macchiavello's staining 麦氏[立克次氏体]染色MacConkey medium 麦氏培养基macroconidium 大分生孢子magnification 放大率malachite green solution 孔雀石绿溶液mallein test [马]鼻疽菌素试验malt wort 麦芽汁Mandler filter 曼德勒尔滤器manual airlock 手动气锁marine microbiology 海洋微生物学mash 醪液matachromatic granules 异染粒mating type 交配型maytenin 美登素meat extract 肉膏medical microbiology 医学微生物学medium 培养基membrane filter 薄膜滤器mendosicutes 疵壁[细]菌类merosporangium 柱孢子囊mesosome 间体mesotrophy 半自养metabiosis 代谢共栖methanogen 产甲烷菌methanogenesis 产甲烷[作用] methyl red test 甲基红试验methylene blue reduction test 甲烯蓝还原试验methylotrophic bacteria 甲基营养菌methylotrophy 甲基营养methymycin 酒霉素metulae 梗基microaerobe 微需氧菌microbial biochemistry 微生物生物化学microbial ecology 微生物生态学microbial ecosystem 微生物生态系统microbial genetics 微生物遗传学microbial leaching 微生物浸矿microbial pesticide 微生物杀虫剂microbial physiology 微生物生理学microbial taxonomy 微生物分类学microbody 微体microcapsule 微荚膜microconidium 小分生孢子microflora 微生物区系micromanipulation 显微操作micromanipulator 显微操作器micronutrient 微量营养microorganism 微生物microscope 显微镜microscope condenser 显微镜集光器microscopic examination 镜检microscopic Widal agglutination test 显微肥达氏凝集试验millipore filter 微孔滤器minimal infecting dose, MID 最小感染量minimal inhibitory concentration,MIC 最小抑菌浓度minimal lethal dose, MLD 最小致死量mithramycin 光神霉素mitomycin 丝裂霉素mixed cultivation 混合培养mixed culture 混合培养物mold, mould 霉菌mollicutes 柔膜细菌monensin 莫能菌素monomorphism 单形现象monster [噬菌体]畸形体morphotype 形态型morphovar 形态变型most probable number method,MPNM 最大机率法most probable number, MPN 最大机率数multicomponent virus 多分体病毒multiple embedded virus 多粒包埋型病毒multiple fission 复分裂muscarine 毒蝇碱mushrooms 蘑菇mutagen 诱变剂mutagenesis 诱变mutant 突变体mutation 突变mutualism 互利共栖mycelianamide 菌丝酰胺mycelium 菌丝体mycelium pellet 菌丝球mycetism 真菌中毒mycetosome 含菌细胞mycocide 杀真菌剂mycolic acid 分枝菌酸mycology 真菌学mycomycin 菌霉素mycophage 真菌噬菌体mycophenolic acid 霉酚酸mycorrhiza 菌根mycorrhizal fungi 菌根真菌mycotoxin 真菌毒素mycovirus 真菌病毒mydecamycin, midecamycin 麦迪霉素mykol 真菌醇myxospore 粘孢子naked virion 裸露病毒[粒]体natural medium 天然培养基nebramycin 暗霉素necroparsite 致坏死寄生物necrosis virus 坏死病毒negative staining 负染[色法] Negri's body 内氏小体neomycin 新霉素netropsin 纺锤菌素neuraminidase 神经氨酸酶neurotoxicity 神经毒性neurotoxin 神经毒素neutralism 无关共栖neutralization tes 中和试验nitragin 根瘤菌剂nitrate reduction test 硝酸盐还原试验nitrification 硝化作用nitrobacteria 硝化细菌nitrogen balance 氮平衡nitrogen fixing bacteria 固氮细菌nocardin 诺卡菌素nodular mycelium 结节状菌丝nonseptate hypha 无隔菌丝novobiocin 新生霉素nuclear polyhedrosis virus, NPV 核型多角体病毒nucleocapsid 核壳nucleoid 类核numerical taxonomy 数值分类法nutrient agar 营养琼脂nystatin 制霉菌素objective 物镜obligate anaerobe 专性厌氧菌ochratoxin 赭曲毒素ocular 目镜ocular micrometer 目镜测微计O-D variation [流感病毒]O-D相变异oidiophore 粉孢子梗oidium 粉孢子old culture 老培养物old tuberculin, OT 旧结核菌素oleandomycin 竹桃霉素oligonitrophilic bacteria 微嗜氮菌oligotrophic bacteria 贫[营]养细菌oncovirus 肿瘤病毒one step growth 一步生长[曲线] oogamete 卵配子oogonium 藏卵器ooplasm 卵质oosphere 卵球oospore 卵孢子open fermentation 敞口发酵open growth system 开放生长系统operon 操纵子ophiobollin 蛇孢菌素opportunistic pathogen 机会致病菌osmophilic bacteria 嗜高渗细菌ostiole 孔口Oxford cup 牛津杯oxidase test 氧化酶试验oxygen requirement 需氧量oxyphotobacteria 生氧光细菌oxytropism 向氧性paraphysis 侧丝paraphysoid 类侧丝parasexuality 准性生殖parasitism 寄生parasporal crystal 伴胞晶体paromomycin 巴龙霉素passenger virus 过客病毒Pasteur effect 巴氏效应pasteurization 巴氏消毒法pathogen 病原体pathogenicity 致病性pathovar 致病变型patulin 展青霉素pectinafe mycelium 梳状菌丝pectinase 果胶酶pellicle 菌膜penetration [病毒]侵入penicillic acid 青霉酸penicillin 青霉素penicillinase 青霉素酶penicillus 帚状枝peptidoglycan 肽聚糖peptone [蛋白]胨peptone-yeast extract-glucose medium [蛋白]胨酵母膏葡萄糖培养基perfect fungi 完全真菌peridium 包被periphysis 周丝periphysoid 类周丝periplasmic flagella 周质鞭毛perithecium 子囊壳peritricha 周[鞭]毛菌permease 通透酶pesticin 鼠疫菌素Petri dish 培养皿Pfeiffer's phenomenon 费氏[溶菌]现象phagetype 噬菌体型phagevar 噬菌体变型phalloidin 鬼笔[毒]环肽phasmid 噬粒phenotype 表型phialide 瓶梗phialospore 瓶梗孢子phosphorus balance 磷平衡photo-assimilation 光同化作用photoautotrophic bacteria 光能自养菌photoautotrophy 光能自养photolithotrophic bacteria 光能无机营养菌photolithotrophy 光能无机营养photoorganotrophic bacteria 光能有机营养菌photoorganotrophy 光能有机营养photoreactivation 光复活作用photosynthetic bacteria 光合作用细菌phototaxis 趋光性phototrophic bacteria 光养菌phototrophy 光营养phototropism 向光性phragmobasidium 有隔担子phragmospore 多隔孢子phycobilin 藻胆素phycobiliprotein 藻胆蛋白phycobilisome 藻胆蛋白体phycocyanin 藻青蛋白phycoerythrin 藻红蛋白phycoerythrobilin 藻红[胆]素phycophage 噬藻体phytocidin 植物杀菌素phytotoxin 毒植物素pileus 菌盖pilin 菌毛蛋白pilus 菌毛planozygote 游动合子plaque 噬斑plaque 蚀斑plaque forming unit,PFU 蚀斑形成单位plaque mutants 噬斑突变株plasmid 质粒plasmid incompatibility 质粒不相容性plate cultivation 平板培养plating 平板接种pneumolysin肺炎[链]球菌溶血素pneumotoxin 肺炎球菌毒素poisonous mushroom 毒蘑菇polyauxotroph 多重营养缺陷型polyhead [噬菌体]聚合头部polyhedrin 多角体蛋白polyhedron 多角体polyhedrosis virus 多角体病毒polymorphism 多态[现象]polymorphism 多形现象polymyxin 多粘菌素polyoxin 多氧菌素polysheath [噬菌体]聚合尾鞘polysilicate plate 聚硅酸盐平板polyvalent bacterial vaccine 多价菌苗polyvalent vaccine 多价疫苗poly-β-hydroxy butyrate 聚β羟基丁酸盐pontaneous generation, abiogenesis 自然发生说，无生源说pooled typing serum 混合分型血清porospore 孔出孢子positive strand 正链potato dextrose agar, PDA 马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂pour plate method 倾注培养predacious fungi 捕食真菌predation 捕食作用preprophage 前原噬菌体primary culture 原始培养物primary fermentation 前发酵primary invader 原发性感染原prodigiosin 灵菌红素productive infection[噬菌体]生产性感染progametangium 原配子囊progamete 原配子progenote 始祖生物prokaryote 原核生物promotor 启动子prophage 原噬菌体prosporangium 原孢子囊protein envelope 蛋白质包膜protista 原生生物protistology 原生生物学protobasidium 原担子protocooperation 初级合作protoplast 原生质体protoplast fusion 原生质体融合protoplast regeneration 原生质体再生prototroph 原养型prototrophic bacteria 原养菌protozoan 原生动物protozoology 原生动物学provirus 原病毒pseudomycelium 假菌丝体pseudoparaphysis 拟侧丝pseudopeptidoglycan 假肽聚糖pseudoperidium 拟包被pseudoseptum 假隔膜pseudotype virus 假型病毒pseudovirion 假病毒体psychrophilic bacteria 嗜冷[细]菌pure cultivation 纯培养pure culture 纯培养物purification 纯化purified protein derivative, PPD 纯化蛋白衍生物purple nonsulfur bacteria 紫色无硫细菌putrefaction 腐败pycnidiospore 器孢子pycnidium 分生孢子器pycniospore [锈菌]性孢子pycnium [锈菌]性孢子器pycnosclerotium 器菌核pyocyanin 绿脓[菌]素pyocyanolysin 绿脓杆菌溶血素pyofluorescein 绿脓菌荧光素pyrenomycetes 核菌pyrogen 致热原Qu(raw starter) 曲quellung test 荚膜膨胀试验racquet mycelium 球拍状菌丝体receptor destroying enzyme, RDE 受体破坏酶recipient 受体recombinant 重组体recombination 重组recon 重组子redistribution 重分配reinoculation 再接种replication 复制replication of virus 病毒复制replicative cycle 复制周期replicon 复制子reproductive mycelium 生殖菌丝体resistance determining factor 耐药[性决定]因子resistance transfer factor, RTF 耐药性转移因子restricted transduction 局限转导retro virus 逆[转]录病毒retting 沤麻revaccination 疫苗再接种reverse transcriptase 逆[转]录酶revistin 制反转录酶素rhizopin 根霉促进素rhizopterin 根霉蝶呤rhodopseudomonacin 红假单胞菌素ribostamycin, vistamycin 核糖霉素rickettsia 立克次氏体rifamycin 利福霉素rimocidin 龟裂杀菌素ring chromosome 环状染色体ristocetin 瑞斯托菌素rolling tube cultivation 滚管培养法rolling tube technique 滚管技术root nodule 根瘤root nodule bacteria 根瘤细菌rosamicin 蔷薇霉素rough colony 粗糙型菌落rough type 粗糙型rubidomycin 红比霉素rust disease 锈病Sabouraud's dextrose agar 沙氏葡萄糖琼脂sacchariferous agents 糖化剂saccharification 糖化作用sagamicin 相模霉素salinomycin 盐霉素Salmonella-Shigella agar,S.S.agar 沙门-志贺氏琼脂saprophytic bacteria 腐生菌saprophytic nutrition 腐生营养saprophytism 腐生现象sarcina 八叠球菌sarkomycin 肉瘤霉素satellitism 卫星现象scanning electron microscope,SEM 扫描电[子显微]镜schizogenesis 裂殖schizophyte 裂殖植物sclerotium 菌核scolecospore 线形孢子scotobacteria 暗细菌secondary colony 次生菌落secondary fermentation 后发酵secondary invader 继发性感染原secondary mycelium 次生菌丝体secter mutation 扇形突变seeding tank 种子罐seeding yeast 酒母Seitz filter 赛氏[细菌]滤器selective medium 选择性培养基semicontinuous fermentation半连续[型]发酵semisolid medium 半固体培养基semisynthetic medium 半合成培养基sensitized bacteria 敏化细菌septate hypha 有隔菌丝septum 隔膜serological identification 血清学鉴定serological specificity 血清学特异性serotype 血清型serovar 血清变型sex factor 性因子sex pilus 性丝shake cultivation 摇合培养shake cultivation 振荡培养sheath 鞘siastatin 制唾酸酶素siderophilic bacteria 嗜铁菌silage 青贮饲料sisomicin 紫苏霉素slant cultivation 斜面培养slant culture 斜面培养物slide 载玻片slide cultivation 玻片培养slide culture 玻片培养物slime bacteria 粘细菌slime mold, slime mould 粘菌slow virus 慢病毒smear 涂片smooth colony 光滑型菌落smut disease 黑粉病soil microbiology 土壤微生物学solid medium 固体培养基solid state fermentation 固态发酵specific growth rate 比生长速率specific pathogen free animals,SPFA 无特定病原动物spectinomycin, actinospectacin 壮观霉素spermatium 精子团spermogonium 精子器sphaerocyst 球状胞spheroplast 原生质球spike 刺突spiral mycelium 螺旋菌丝spiramycin 螺旋霉素spirilla 螺[旋]菌spoilage 酸败sporangiocarp 孢囊果sporangiole 小孢子囊sporangiophore 孢囊柄sporangiospore 孢囊孢子sporangium 孢[子]囊spore 孢子spore 芽孢spore ball 孢子球spore print 孢子印sporicide 杀芽孢剂sporodochium 分生孢子座sporogenous yeasts 有孢子酵母菌sporophore 孢子梗sporoplasm 孢原质sporulation 孢子形成sporulation 芽孢形成spread plate method 涂布培养法spreader 涂布器stab 穿刺stab cultivation 穿刺培养stage micrometer 镜台测微计stain 染色剂staining 染色法staining reaction 染色反应standard serum 标准血清staphylocoagulase [葡萄球菌]凝固酶staphylococcal protein A, SPA 葡萄球菌A蛋白staphylococcin 葡萄球菌素staphylolysin 葡萄球菌溶血毒素starter, culture starter 起子static cultivation 静止培养staurospore 星形孢子stenothermal microorganisms 狭温微生物stenothermophiles 嗜狭高温生物sterigma 小梗sterigmatocystin 柄曲霉素sterile 无菌sterile mycelium 不育菌丝体sterility test 无菌检查sterilization 灭菌sterilizer 灭菌器。
微生物英文词汇
microorganism微生物；bacterium细菌；Gram stain革兰染色；coccus球菌；bacillus 杆菌；vibro弧菌；peptidoglycan肽聚糖；teichoic acid磷壁酸；lipopolysaccharide(LPS) 脂蛋白；lipid A 脂质A；L formed bacteria L型细菌；mesosome中介体；plasmid质粒formed bacteria L型细菌；mesosome中介体；plasmid质粒；capsule, 荚膜；flagellum,鞭毛；pilus, 菌毛；spore，芽胞Pyrogen,热原质；toxin,毒素；growth curve, 生长曲线Sterilization灭菌；disinfection消毒；autoclave压力蒸汽灭菌器；bacteriophage噬菌体；virulent phage毒性噬菌体；temperate phage 温和噬菌体transposable element转座元件；transposon转座子;mutation突变；transformation 转化；conjugation接合；transduction转导；lysogenic conversion溶原性转换pathogenicity 致病性；virulence毒力；exotoxin外毒素；endotoxin内毒素；normal flora正常菌群；conditioned pathogen机会致病菌；opportunistic infection机会性感染specimens标本；isolation分离；identification鉴定；artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫；artificial passive immunization人工被动免疫；vaccine疫苗；toxoid 类毒素；antitoxin抗毒素Staphlococcus葡萄球菌；Staphlococcus A protein葡萄球菌A蛋白；coagulase血浆凝固酶；enterotoxin肠毒素；Strptococcus链球菌；pyrogenic exotoxin致热外毒素；streptolysin链球菌溶素；hyaluronidase透明质酸酶E.coli大肠埃希菌；ETEC肠产毒性大肠埃希菌；EIEC肠侵袭性大肠埃希菌；EPEC肠致病性大肠埃希菌；EHEC肠出血性大肠埃希菌；LT不耐热肠毒素；Shigella 志贺菌；Salmonella沙门菌Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌；Clostridium tetani 破伤风梭菌；C.perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌；C.botulinum 肉毒梭菌mycobacterium tuberculosis结核分枝杆菌；acid-faststain抗酸染色；BCG卡介苗；OT test结核菌素试验；actinomycetes放线菌mycoplasma支原体；chlamydia衣原体；inclusion body网状体；rickettsia立克次体；spirochete螺旋体；fungus真菌；hypha菌丝；spore孢子capsid衣壳；envelope包膜；nucleocapsid核衣壳；replicative cycle复制周期；adsorption吸附；Penetration)穿入；uncoating脱壳；biosynthesis生物合成；defective viruse缺陷病毒；abortive infection顿挫感染cytopathic effect，CPE细胞病变效应；slow virus infection慢发病毒感染；persistent infection持续性病毒感染；interferon，IFN干扰素influenza virus流感病毒；hemagglutinin，HA血凝素；neuraminidase，NA 神经氨酸；antigenic drift抗原性漂移；antigenic shift抗原性转变；hepatitis B virus乙肝病毒；Dane颗粒；HBsAg乙肝表面抗原；HBIG高效价乙肝免疫球蛋白HIV人类免疫缺陷病毒；AIDS艾滋病；prion朊粒。
常用微生物学英语词汇
内源病毒 endogenous virus
潜伏病毒 latent virus
肠道病毒 enterovirus
艾柯病毒 ECHO virus
虫媒病毒 arbovirus
腺病毒 adenovirus
腺伴随病毒 adeno associated virus
光合作用细菌 photosynthetic bacteria
产氢产乙酸细菌 hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria
同型发酵乳酸菌 homofermentative lactic bacteria
异型发酵乳酸菌 heterofermentative lactic bacteria
[噬菌体]伞毛 fimbrium
[噬菌体]颈须 whisker
[噬菌体]先导蛋白 pilot protein
[噬菌体]尾丝抗原 fiber antigen
[噬菌体]顶体 apex
[噬菌体]基片插孔 base-plate hub
[噬菌体]基片丝 base-plate fibril
[噬菌体]基片楔突 base-plate wedge
产氢菌 hydrogenogens
产气菌 aerogen
不产气菌 anaerogen
发光细菌 luminous bacteria
产色细菌 chromogenic bacteria
化能异养菌 chemoheterotrophic bacteria
化能自养菌 chemoautotrophic bacteria
致死颗粒 killer particle
紫膜 purple membrane
微生物专业词汇
微生物专业词汇01微生物学microbiology病毒学virology噬菌体学bacteriophagology细菌学bacteriology鉴定细菌学determinative bacteriology 系统细菌学systematic bacteriology真菌学mycology原生生物学protistology原生动物学protozoology普通微生物学general microbilogy微生物分类学microbial taxonomy微生物生理学microbial physiology微生物生物化学microbial biochemistry 微生物遗传学microbial genetics微生物生态学microbial ecology古微生物学paleomicrobiology土壤微生物学soil microbiology水生微生物学aquatic microbiology海洋微生物学marine microbiology悉生生物学gnotobiology医学微生物学medical microbiology兽医微生物学veterinary microbiology农业微生物学agricultural microbiology工业微生物学industrial microbiology石油微生物学petroleum microbiology食品微生物学food microbiology乳品微生物学diary microbiology瘤胃微生物学rumen microbiology诊断微生物学diagnostic microbiology病原学etiology国际微生物学会联合会International Union of Microbiological Societies, IUMS中国微生物学会Chinese Society for Microbiology, CSM世界培养物保藏协会World Federation for Culture Collection, WFCC中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms, CCCCM 美国模式培养物保藏所American Type Culture Collection, ATCC微生物专业词汇02自然发生说，无生源说spontaneous generation, abiogenesis原界urkingdom始祖生物progenote古始生物界archetista古细菌archaebacteria原生生物protista原生动物protozoan原生植物protophyte真核生物eukaryote原核生物prokaryote裂殖植物schizophyte微生物microorganism数值分类法numerical taxonomy 模式目type order模式科type family模式属type genus模式种type species模式株type strain真菌fungi捕食真菌predacious fungi虫道真菌ambrosia fungi地下真菌hypogeal fungi虫生真菌entomogenous fungi 菌根真菌mycorrhizal fungi木腐菌wood-decay fungi霉菌mold, mould半知菌imperfect fungi子囊菌ascomycetes粘菌slime mold, slime mould壶菌chytrid卵菌oomycetes接合菌zygomycetes担子菌basidiomycetes核菌pyrenomycetes盘菌cup fungi块菌truffles锈菌rust fungi蘑菇mushrooms毒蘑菇poisonous mushroom酵母菌yeast无孢子酵母菌asporogenous yeasts有孢子酵母菌sporogenous yeasts黑粉菌smut fungi双态性真菌dimorphic fungi毛外癣菌ectothrix毛内癣菌endothrix完全真菌perfect fungi黑粉病smut disease锈病rust disease微生物专业词汇_抗生素抗生素antibiotic阿克拉霉素aclacinomycin放线酮actidione, cycloheximide放线菌素actinomycin阿霉素adriamycin氨丁苷菌素ambutyrosin7-氨基头孢菌酸7-aminocephalosporinic acid 6-氨基青霉烷酸6-aminopenicillanic acid两性霉素amphotericin安丝菌素ansamitocin抗蠕霉素anthelmycin抗霉素antimycin阿泊拉霉素apramycin除疟霉素aplasmomycin曲霉菌素aspergillin除虫菌素avermectin杆菌肽bacitracin双环霉素bicyclomycin杀稻瘟素blasticidin博来霉素bleomycin丁苷菌素butirosin, butyrosin杀假丝菌素candicidin卷曲霉素capreomycin, capromycin腐霉素carriomycin洋红霉素carminomycin天青菌素celesticetin头孢菌素cephalosporin氯霉素chloromycetin, chloramphenicol金霉素chloroteracycline, aureomycin创新霉素chuangxinmycin棒酸clavulanic acid氯林肯霉素clindamycin粘菌素colistin鬼伞菌素coprinin蛹虫草菌素cordycepin香菇菌素cortinellin环孢菌素cyclosporin环丝氨酸cycloserine松胞菌素cytochalasin胞霉素cytomycin道诺霉素daunomycin越霉素destomycin偏端霉素distamycin红霉素erythromycin抑酯酶素esterastin扁枝衣霉素everninomicin间型霉素formycin健霉素fortimicin磷霉素fosfomycin, phosphonomycin 镰孢菌酸fusarinic acid艮他霉素gentamicin谷氏菌素gougerotin短杆菌肽gramicidin灰霉素grisein灰黄霉素griseofulvin除莠菌素herbicidin除莠霉素herbimycin全霉素holomycin潮霉素hygromycin岛霉素ilamycin天神霉素istamycin双氢除虫菌素ivermectin 交沙霉素josamycin卡那霉素kanamycin春日霉素kasugamycin 柱晶白霉素leucomycin 林可霉素lincomycin美登素maytenin酒霉素methymycin光神霉素mithramycin丝裂霉素mitomycin莫能菌素monensin菌霉素mycomycin霉酚酸mycophenolic acid麦迪霉素mydecamycin, midecamycin 暗霉素nebramycin新霉素neomycin纺锤菌素netropsin诺卡菌素nocardin新生霉素novobiocin制霉菌素nystatin竹桃霉素oleandomycin蛇孢菌素ophiobollin展青霉素patulin青霉酸penicillic acid青霉素penicillin多氧菌素polyoxin多粘菌素polymyxin灵菌红素prodigiosin制反转录酶素revistin核糖霉素ribostamycin, vistamycin利福霉素rifamycin龟裂杀菌素rimocidin瑞斯托菌素ristocetin蔷薇霉素rosamicin红比霉素rubidomycin相模霉素sagamicin盐霉素salinomycin肉瘤霉素sarkomycin制唾酸酶素siastatin紫苏霉素sisomicin壮观霉素spectinomycin, actinospectacin 螺旋霉素spiramycin链霉素streptomycin链黑菌素streptonigrin链丝菌素streptothricin枯草菌素subtilin杀鱼菌素teleocidin土霉素terramycin, oxytetracycline四环素tetracycline噻烯霉素thienamycin硫藤黄素thiolutin妥布拉霉素tobramycin木霉菌素trichodermin抗滴虫霉素trichomycin衣霉素tunicamycin泰乐菌素tylosin焦曲菌素ustin有效霉素validamycin缬氨霉素valinomycin, aminomycin万古霉素vancomycin疣孢菌素verrucarine优胜霉素victomycin紫霉素viomycin巴龙霉素paromomycin微生物学专业词汇_营养、代谢与生长光能无机营养photolithotrophy光能有机营养photoorganotrophy化能无机营养chemolithotrophy化能有机营养chemoorganotrophy光营养phototrophy兼性营养amphitrophy腐生营养saprophytic nutrition甲基营养methylotrophy化能营养chemotrophy自养autotrophy光能自养photoautotrophy化能自养chemoautotrophy半自养mesotrophy异养heterotrophy氮平衡nitrogen balance碳平衡carbon balance磷平衡phosphorus balance同化作用assimilation异化作用dissimilation氨化作用ammonification硝化作用nitrification反硝化作用denitrification固氮作用nitrogen fixation非共生固氮作用asymbiotic nitrogen fixation 光同化作用photo-assimilation巴氏效应Pasteur effect葡萄糖效应glucose effect种间分子氢转移interspecies H transfer发酵fermentation发酵[能]力fermentation capacity可发酵性fermentability同型发酵homofermentation异型发酵heterofermentation厌氧消化anaerobic digestion厌氧呼吸anaerobic respiration厌氧生活anaerobiosis需氧呼吸aerobic respiration需氧生活aerobiosis反馈抑制feed back inhibition内源变量endogenenous variable异养潜能heterotrophic potential溶菌丝作用hypholytic action溶菌作用bacteriolysis费氏[溶菌]现象Pfeiffer's phenomenon 自溶[现象] autolysis裂殖schizogenesis芽殖budding二分分裂binary fission不等分裂unequal fission断裂fragmentation复分裂multiple fission隐蔽期eclipse period比生长速率specific growth rate同步生长synchronous growth双峰生长曲线diauxie growth curve延滞期lag phase一步生长[曲线] one step growth时间-存活曲线time-survival curve倍增时间doubling time指数生长exponential growth衰亡期decline phase稳定期stationary phase对数期log phase时间节律temporal rhythm隐生现象cryptobiosis休眠dormancy衰老型involution form静息细胞resting cell光复活作用photoreactivation交叉复活cross reactivation热[致]死时thermal death time热[致]死点thermal death point原生质体再生protoplast regeneration [噬菌体]接合分裂conjugate division [噬菌体]裂解阻抑lysis inhibition[噬菌体]裂解量burst size[噬菌体]生产性感染productive infection [噬菌体]自愈curing病毒复制replication of virus复制周期replicative cycle裂解周期lytic cycle[病毒]侵入penetration病毒入胞现象viropexis[病毒]脱壳uncoating[病毒]装配assembly蚀斑plaque蚀斑形成单位plaque forming unit,PFU 成斑效率efficiency of plating强毒株virulent strain[狂犬病]固定毒fixed virus[狂犬病]街毒street virus病毒抑制作用viral inhibition病毒诱导virus induction[流感病毒]α抑制物α-inhibitor[流感病毒]朱氏抑制物Chu-inhibitor ,β－inhibitor干扰素interferon干扰[现象] interference微生物学专业词汇_细胞学、次生产物假肽聚糖pseudopeptidoglycan肽聚糖peptidoglycan磷壁酸teichoic acid胞壁酸muramic acid2,6-吡啶二羧酸dipicolinic acid, DPA脂多糖类lipopolysaccharides多糖包被glycocalyx鞭毛蛋白flagellin菌毛蛋白pilin杀白细胞素leucocidin豆血红蛋白leghaemoglobin藻胆蛋白phycobiliprotein藻青蛋白phycocyanin藻红蛋白phycoerythrin藻青素cyanophycin藻蓝素algocyan, leucocyan藻胆素phycobilin藻红[胆]素phycoerythrobilin藻蓝胆素phycocyanobilin藻青素颗粒cyanophycin granule别藻蓝素allophycocyanin类葫萝卜素carotenoids细菌淀粉粒granulose聚β羟基丁酸盐poly-β-hydroxy butyrate葡萄球菌A蛋白staphylococcal protein A, SPA 纯化蛋白衍生物purified protein derivative, PPD [葡萄球菌]凝固酶staphylocoagulaseβ[细胞]溶素β-lysinα淀粉酶α-amylase通透酶permease胞内酶intracellular enzyme胞外酶extracellular enzyme果胶酶pectinase逆[转]录酶reverse transcriptase凝固酶coagulase受体破坏酶receptor destroying enzyme, RDE 透明质酸酶hyaluronidase纤维素酶cellulase链道酶streptodornase,SD链激酶streptokinase,SK神经氨酸酶neuraminidase青霉素酶penicillinase溶菌酶lysozyme[细菌]紫膜质bacteriorhodopsin 菌紫素bacteriopurpurin[细]菌[叶]绿素bacteriochlorophyll 自溶素autolysin亲菌素bacteriotropin攻击素aggressin抑殖素ablastin粘附素adhesin菌红素bacterioerythrin灵菌毒素prodigiosus toxin细菌素bacteriocin麻风菌素lepromin葡萄球菌素staphylococcin伞菌氨酸agarfitine苏云金菌素thuricin肠球菌素enterococcin布氏菌素brucellin大肠菌素colicin, colicine丁香假单胞菌素syringacin黄色粘球菌素xanthacin链球菌素streptocin流产菌素abortin绿脓[菌]素pyocyanin红假单胞菌素rhodopseudomonacin 绿脓菌荧光素pyofluorescein白喉毒素diphtheria toxin杯伞素clitocybine白细胞溶素leucolysin表皮溶解毒素epidermolytic toxin产气荚膜梭菌素perfringocin肠毒素enterotoxin毒蝇碱muscarine肺炎球菌毒素pneumotoxin鬼笔[毒]环肽phalloidin根霉蝶呤rhizopterin肺炎[链]球菌溶血素pneumolysin黑粉菌酸ustilagic acid分枝菌酸mycolic acid齿孔酸eburicoic acid根霉促进素rhizopin蘑菇素agaricin蘑菇酸agaricinic acid红斑毒素erythrogenic toxin黄曲霉毒素aflatoxin菌丝酰胺mycelianamide绿脓杆菌溶血素pyocyanolysin葡萄球菌溶血毒素staphylolysin真菌毒素mycotoxin曲霉毒素aspertoxin赭曲毒素ochratoxin曲酸kojic acid破伤风[菌]痉挛毒素tetanospasmin 溶葡萄球菌素lysostaphin破伤风[菌]溶血素tetanolysin溶纤维蛋白溶酶fibrinolysin溶血素hemolysin鼠疫菌素pesticin神经毒素neurotoxin杀[细]菌素bactericidin外毒素exotoxin内毒素endotoxin细菌毒素bacteriotoxin血凝素hemagglutinin杂色曲霉素A versicolorin A柄曲霉素sterigmatocystin毒植物素phytotoxin链球菌溶血素streptolysin剥脱性毒素exfoliative toxin细菌荧光素bacteriofluorescein[放线菌]土臭味素geosmins土壤杆菌素agrobacteriocin产甲烷[作用] methanogenesis生物转化bioconversion生长因子growth factor420 因子factor 420V 因子V factorX 因子X factor辅酶M coenzyme M微量营养micronutrient特需营养要求型idiotroph微[量]动[力]作用oligodynamic action抗代谢物antimetabolites索状因子cord factor异株克生物质allelopathic substances 微生物学专业词汇_病毒类病毒viroid病毒virus亚病毒subvirus原病毒provirus拟病毒virusoid卫星病毒satellite virus假型病毒pseudotype virus慢病毒slow virus辅助病毒helper virus过客病毒passenger virus多分体病毒multicomponent virus昆虫痘病毒entomopox virus, EPV颗粒体症病毒granulosis virus, GV多角体病毒polyhedrosis virus核型多角体病毒nuclear polyhedrosis virus, NPV质型多角体病毒cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus,CPV 多粒包埋型病毒multiple embedded virus单粒包埋型病毒singly embedded virus伴随病毒associated virus浓核病毒densovirus,DNV内源病毒endogenous virus潜伏病毒latent virus肠道病毒enterovirus艾柯病毒ECHO virus虫媒病毒arbovirus腺病毒adenovirus腺伴随病毒adeno associated virus 真菌病毒mycovirus肿瘤病毒oncovirus逆[转]录病毒retro virus坏死病毒necrosis virus虹彩病毒irido virus泛嗜性病毒pantropic virus毒株strain原[生小]体elementary body包含体inclusion body顾氏小体Guarnieri's bodies内氏小体Negri's body病毒[粒]体virion裸露病毒[粒]体naked virion假病毒体pseudovirion立体对称cubical symmetry二十面体对称icosahedral symmetry 螺旋对称helical symmetry[病毒]五邻体pentomer,pentons[病毒]六邻体hexonmer,hexons复合对称complex symmetry包膜突起peplomerbody包膜envelope, peplos蛋白质包膜protein envelope[病毒]包膜抗原envelope antigen [病毒]壳体capsid[病毒]壳粒capsomer, capsomere 二十面[体]壳体icosahedron capsid 核心core核壳nucleocapsid病毒原质体viroplasma病毒束virus bundle多角体polyhedron多角体蛋白polyhedrin颗粒体granule颗粒体蛋白granulin类核nucleoid内含颗粒inclusion granuleX体X-body[病毒]早期蛋白early protein[病毒]晚期蛋白late protein负链negative strand正链positive strand复制子replicon病毒发生基质virogenic stroma衣原体chlamydia[衣原体]始体initial body立克次氏体rickettsia微生物学专业词汇_噬箘体真菌噬菌体mycophage噬藻体phycophage烈性噬菌体virulent phage温和噬菌体temperate phage前原噬菌体preprophage原噬菌体prophage隐性前噬菌体cryptic prophage营养期噬菌体vegetative phage载体噬菌体carrier phageλ噬菌体lambda particles phage[可]诱导噬菌体inducible phage同源免疫噬菌体homoimmune phage噬菌体分型bacteriophage typing噬菌体型phagetype噬菌体变型phagevar噬斑plaque[噬菌体]聚合头部polyhead[噬菌体]聚合尾鞘polysheath[噬菌体]伞毛fimbrium[噬菌体]颈须whisker[噬菌体]先导蛋白pilot protein[噬菌体]尾丝抗原fiber antigen[噬菌体]顶体apex[噬菌体]基片插孔base-plate hub [噬菌体]基片丝base-plate fibril [噬菌体]基片楔突base-plate wedge [噬菌体]串联体concatemer[噬菌体]颈部collar[噬菌体]顶部壳粒apical capsomere [噬菌体]尾丝tail fiber[噬菌体]畸形体monster[噬菌体]颈圈connector[噬菌体]髓部core[噬菌体]头部head[噬菌体]尾部tail[噬菌体]尾管tail tube[噬菌体]尾鞘tail sheath微生物专业词汇_细菌细菌bacteria薄壁[细]菌类gracilicutes硬壁[细]菌类fermicutes疵壁[细]菌类mendosicutes无壁[细]菌类tenericutes柔膜细菌mollicutes真细菌eubacteria暗细菌scotobacteria无氧光细菌anoxyphotobacteria生氧光细菌oxyphotobacteria放线菌actinomycetes螺[旋]菌spirilla粘细菌slime bacteria鞘细菌sheathed bacteria柄细菌caulobacteria弧菌vibrio根瘤细菌root nodule bacteria硫酸盐还原菌sulfate reducting bacteria 硫细菌sulfur bacteria铁细菌iron bacteria紫色无硫细菌purple nonsulfur bacteria 产甲烷菌methanogen硝化细菌nitrobacteria反硝化细菌denitrifying bacteria固氮细菌nitrogen fixing bacteria甲基营养菌methylotrophic bacteria产乙酸菌acetogen同型[产]乙酸细菌homoacetogenic bacteria光合作用细菌photosynthetic bacteria产氢产乙酸细菌hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria 同型发酵乳酸菌homofermentative lactic bacteria异型发酵乳酸菌heterofermentative lactic bacteria产氢菌hydrogenogens产气菌aerogen不产气菌anaerogen发光细菌luminous bacteria产色细菌chromogenic bacteria化能异养菌chemoheterotrophic bacteria化能自养菌chemoautotrophic bacteria光能异养菌photoheterotrophic bacteria光能自养菌photoautotrophic bacteria化能有机营养菌chemoorganotrophic bacteria化能无机营养菌chemolithotrophic bacteria光能有机营养菌photoorganotrophic bacteria光能无机营养菌photolithotrophic bacteria有机营养菌organotrophic bacteria无机营养菌lithotrophic bacteria贫[营]养细菌oligotrophic bacteria一氧化碳营养菌carboxydotrophic bacteria自养菌autotrophic bacteria异养菌heterotrophic bacteria光养菌phototrophic bacteria需氧菌aerobe微需氧菌microaerobe耐氧菌aerotorelant bacteria厌氧菌anaerobe兼性厌氧菌facultative anaerobe专性厌氧菌obligate anaerobe溶原性细菌lysogenic bacteria腐生菌saprophytic bacteria苛求菌fastidious microorganism极端细菌extreme bacteria嗜压菌barophilic bacteria嗜盐菌halophilic bacteria嗜铁菌siderophilic bacteria嗜高渗细菌osmophilic bacteria微嗜氮菌oligonitrophilic bacteria嗜冷[细]菌psychrophilic bacteria嗜酸菌acidophilic bacteria嗜硫菌thiophilic bacteria中温菌mesophilic bacteria耐热细菌thermophilric bacteria氢营养菌hydrogenotrophic bacteria 肠道细菌intestinal bacteria类菌体bacteroid细菌小体bacteriosome微生子gonidium蓝细菌cyanobacteria[蓝细菌]连锁体hormogonium类囊体thylakoid藻胆蛋白体phycobilisome静息孢子akinete滑行gliding异形[囊]胞heterocyst化学型chemotype化学变型chemovar血清型serotype血清变型serovar致病型pathotype致病变型pathovar生物型biotype生物变型biovar形态型morphotype形态变型morphovar革兰氏阳性菌Gram-positive bacteria 革兰氏阴性菌Gram-negative bacteria 球菌coccus双球菌diplococcus四联球菌tetrads八叠球菌sarcina球杆菌coccobacillus杆菌rod双杆菌diplobacillus棒状菌corynebacteria[细菌]毛状体trichome单鞭毛菌monotricha周[鞭]毛菌peritricha丛[鞭]毛菌lophotricha两端单[鞭]毛菌amphitrichate单端丛[鞭]毛菌cephalotricha滑行细菌gliding bacteria细菌L-型L-form of bacterium菌落colony 酵母型菌落yeast type colony类酵母型菌落yeast like colony次生菌落secondary colony粗糙型菌落rough colony光滑型菌落smooth colony丝状型菌落filamentous type colony子菌落daughter colony深层菌落deep colony粘液型菌落mucoid colony巨大菌落giant colony侏儒型菌落dwarf colony菌苔lawn菌胶团zoogloea菌膜pellicle[菌]醭mycoderm, pellicle群游现象swarming菌柄stipe[菌体]附器appendage鞭毛flagellum周质鞭毛periplasmic flagella 轴丝axial filament菌毛pilus性丝sex pilus外生孢子exospore内生孢子endospore芽孢spore芽孢形成sporulation终端芽孢terminal spore近端芽孢subterminal spore 中生芽孢central spore前芽孢forespore[芽孢]皮层cortex芽孢外膜exitine芽孢内膜intine外壁exine伴胞晶体parasporal crystal菌蜕ghost鞘sheath荚膜capsule粘液层slime layer微荚膜microcapsule壁膜间隙periplasmic space原生质体protoplast原生质球spheroplast气泡gas vacuole甲烷粒体methanochondria间体mesosome载色体chromatophore鞭毛基体flagellar basal body异染质volutin异染粒matachromatic granules致死颗粒killer particle紫膜purple membrane噬菌体bacteriophage无囊盖类inoperculatae超显微微生物ultramicroscopic organism 微生物专业词汇_真菌学菌丝hypha菌髓trama假菌丝体pseudomycelium气生菌丝体aerial mycelium基内菌丝体substrate mycelium球拍状菌丝体racquet mycelium结节状菌丝nodular mycelium梳状菌丝pectinafe mycelium螺旋菌丝spiral mycelium匍匐菌丝stolon次生菌丝体secondary mycelium有隔菌丝septate hypha无隔菌丝nonseptate hypha生殖菌丝体reproductive mycelium 营养菌丝体vegetative mycelium 不育菌丝体sterile mycelium菌丝体mycelium黄癣菌丝favic chandelier mycelium 产囊丝ascogenous hypha产囊体ascogonium原植体thallus粘菌体aethalium合胞体syncytium虫菌体hyphal body盾状体clypeus子实体fruiting body产孢体gleba子实层体hymenophore子实层hymenium子实下层subhymenium菌丝层subiculum菌丝段hyphal fragment菌丝束coremium菌丝索funiculus菌核sclerotium器菌核pycnosclerotium菌环annulus菌裙indusium菌盖pileus顶体apicle藏卵器oogonium雄器antheridium[锈菌]性孢子器pycnium锈子器aecium精子器spermogonium囊状体cystidium粉孢子梗oidiophore小梗sterigma接合孢子柄zygosporophore孢囊柄sporangiophore配囊柄suspensor孢子梗sporophore分生孢子梗conidiophore雄器柄androphore帚状枝penicillus瓶梗phialide梗基metulae芽孔germ pore芽管germ tube芽缝germ slit孢丝capillitium周丝periphysis类周丝periphysoid侧丝paraphysis拟侧丝pseudoparaphysis类侧丝paraphysoid[孢子]外壁exosporium外生菌根ectomycorrhiza内生菌根endomycorrhiza内外生菌根ectendomycorrhiza泡囊丛枝菌根vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza 刺突spike弹丝elater刚毛seta微体microbody泡囊vesicle隔膜septum假隔膜pseudoseptum分生孢子盘acervulus分生孢子座sporodochium 精子团spermatium囊基膜hypothallus囊层基hypothecium囊层被epithecium囊间丝hamathecium囊托apophysis囊领collarette囊轴columella孔口ostiole菌托volva孢子角cirrus孢子球spore ball孢子印spore print聚簇cluster[菌丝]融合anastomosis [孢子]切落abjunction [孢子]缢断abstriction多态[现象] polymorphism缢缩[作用] constriction粉孢子oidium孢子spore掷孢子ballistospore厚壁孢子chlamydospore 环痕孢子annellospore节孢子arthrospore卷旋孢子helicospore腊肠形孢子allantospore孔出孢子porospore星形孢子staurospore线形孢子scolecospore砖格孢子dictyospore侧生孢子aleuriospore芽生孢子blastospore瓶梗孢子phialospore无梗孢子thallospore分生孢子conidium大分生孢子macroconidium 小分生孢子microconidium 节分生孢子arthroconidium 芽分生孢子blastoconidium无隔孢子amerospore双胞孢子didymospore多隔孢子phragmospore休眠孢子hypnospore顶生孢子acrospore顶生厚壁孢子fuseau内分生孢子endoconidium担孢子basidiospore双孢担孢子dispore同形孢子isospore柄生孢子stylospore[锈菌]性孢子pycniospore产雄器孢子androspore锈孢子aeciospore夏孢子urediniospore, aeciospore 冬孢子teliospore四分孢子tetraspore粘孢子myxospore多核孢子coenospore孢囊孢子sporangiospore子囊孢子ascospore多核细胞coenocyte分生孢子器pycnidium孢[子]囊sporangium柱孢子囊merosporangium四分孢子囊tetrasporangium原孢子囊prosporangium多核孢子囊coenosporangium 休眠孢子囊hypnosporangium 子囊ascus接合孢子zygospore拟接合孢子azygospore原囊壁子囊prototunicate ascus 单囊壁子囊unitunicate ascus 双囊壁子囊bitunicate ascus子囊果ascocarp子囊壳perithecium闭囊壳cleistothecium闭囊果cleistocarp盘状子囊果discocarp孢囊果sporangiocarp[接]合子zygote单性合子azygote多核合子coenozygote异形合子heterozygote合子核zygotonucleus游动合子planozygote担子basidium半担子hemibasidium隔担子heterobasidium无隔担子holobasidium有隔担子phragmobasidium 内生担子endobasidium原担子protobasidium上担子epibasidium下担子hypobasidium同担子homobasidium担子果basidiocarp担子体basidiophore配子gamete原配子progamete雄配子androgamete雄核发育androgenesis同形配子isogamete异形配子heterogamete游动配子zoogamete多核配子coenogamete配子囊gametangium配子母细胞gametocyte同形配子囊isogametangium 原配子囊progametangium 小孢子囊sporangiole微包囊microcyst足细胞foot cell脚胞foot cell固着器holdfast附着枝hyphopodium吸盘sucker锁状细胞clamp cell锁状联合clamp connection 偶核细胞zeugite卵球oosphere卵质ooplasm孢原质sporoplasm卵配子oogamete卵孢子oospore球状胞sphaerocyst子囊腔locule子囊盘apothecium子囊座ascostroma缝裂壳hysterothecium下子座hypostroma包被peridium子座stroma壳心centrum拟包被pseudoperidium无融合生殖apomixis同宗配合homothallism准性生殖parasexuality异宗配合heterothallism同配生殖isogamy异配生殖heterogamy无配生殖apogamy配囊交配gametangial copulation 交配型mating type全型holomorph夏孢子期uredostage冬孢子堆teleutosorus, telium夏孢子堆uredinium子囊孢子形成ascosporulation孢子形成sporulation。
微生物学英语词汇（2）_生物化学英语词汇
辅酶 m coenzyme m 微量营养 micronutrient特需营养要求型 idiotroph微[量]动[力]作用 oligodynamic action 抗代谢物 antimetabolites索状因子 cord factor异株克生物质 allelopathic substances 光能无机营养 photolithotrophy光能有机营养 photoorganotrophy化能无机营养 chemolithotrophy化能有机营养 chemoorganotrophy 光营养 phototrophy兼性营养 amphitrophy腐生营养 saprophytic nutrition甲基营养 methylotrophy化能营养 chemotrophy自养 autotrophy光能自养 photoautotrophy化能自养 chemoautotrophy半自养 mesotrophy异养 heterotrophy氮平衡 nitrogen balance碳平衡 carbon balance磷平衡 phosphorus balance同化作用 assimilation异化作用 dissimilation氨化作用 ammonification硝化作用 nitrification反硝化作用 denitrification固氮作用 nitrogen fixation非共生固氮作用 asymbiotic nitrogen fixation 光同化作用 photo-assimilation巴氏效应 pasteur effect葡萄糖效应 glucose effect种间分子氢转移 interspecies h transfer发酵 fermentation发酵[能]力 fermentation capacity可发酵性 fermentability同型发酵 homofermentation异型发酵 heterofermentation厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion厌氧呼吸 anaerobic respiration厌氧生活 anaerobiosis需氧呼吸 aerobic respiration需氧生活 aerobiosis反馈抑制 feed back inhibition内源变量 endogenenous variable异养潜能 heterotrophic potential溶菌丝作用 hypholytic action溶菌作用 bacteriolysis费氏[溶菌]现象 pfeiffer's phenomenon自溶[现象] autolysis裂殖 schizogenesis芽殖 budding二分分裂 binary fission不等分裂 unequal fission断裂 fragmentation复分裂 multiple fission隐蔽期 eclipse period比生长速率 specific growth rate同步生长 synchronous growth双峰生长曲线 diauxie growth curve延滞期 lag phase一步生长[曲线] one step growth时间-存活曲线 time-survival curve倍增时间 doubling time指数生长 exponential growth衰亡期 decline phase稳定期 stationary phase对数期 log phase时间节律 temporal rhythm隐生现象 cryptobiosis休眠 dormancy衰老型 involution form静息细胞 resting cell光复活作用 photoreactivation交叉复活 cross reactivation热[致]死时 thermal death time热[致]死点 thermal death point原生质体再生 protoplast regeneration [噬菌体]接合分裂 conjugate division [噬菌体]裂解阻抑 lysis inhibition[噬菌体]裂解量 burst size[噬菌体]生产性感染 productive infection [噬菌体]自愈 curing病毒复制 replication of virus复制周期 replicative cycle裂解周期 lytic cycle[病毒]侵入 penetration病毒入胞现象 viropexis[病毒]脱壳 uncoating[病毒]装配 assembly蚀斑 plaque蚀斑形成单位 plaque forming unit,pfu成斑效率 efficiency of plating强毒株 virulent strain[狂犬病]固定毒 fixed virus[狂犬病]街毒 street virus病毒抑制作用 viral inhibition病毒诱导 virus induction[流感病毒]α抑制物α-inhibitor[流感病毒]朱氏抑制物 chu-inhibitor ,β－inhibitor 干扰素 interferon干扰[现象] interference溶原化 lysogenization溶原性 lysogeny溶原现象 lysogenesis抗生素 antibiotic阿克拉霉素 aclacinomycin放线酮 actidione, cycloheximide放线菌素 actinomycin阿霉素 adriamycin氨丁苷菌素 ambutyrosin7-氨基头孢菌酸 7-aminocephalosporinic acid 6-氨基青霉烷酸 6-aminopenicillanic acid两性霉素 amphotericin安丝菌素 ansamitocin抗蠕霉素 anthelmycin抗霉素 antimycin阿泊拉霉素 apramycin除疟霉素 aplasmomycin曲霉菌素 aspergillin除虫菌素 avermectin杆菌肽 bacitracin双环霉素 bicyclomycin杀稻瘟素 blasticidin博来霉素 bleomycin丁苷菌素 butirosin, butyrosin杀假丝菌素 candicidin卷曲霉素 capreomycin, capromycin腐霉素 carriomycin洋红霉素 carminomycin天青菌素 celesticetin头孢菌素 cephalosporin氯霉素 chloromycetin, chloramphenicol 金霉素 chloroteracycline, aureomycin 色霉素 chromomycin创新霉素 chuangxinmycin棒酸 clavulanic acid氯林肯霉素 clindamycin粘菌素 colistin鬼伞菌素 coprinin蛹虫草菌素 cordycepin香菇菌素 cortinellin环孢菌素 cyclosporin环丝氨酸 cycloserine松胞菌素 cytochalasin胞霉素 cytomycin道诺霉素 daunomycin越霉素 destomycin偏端霉素 distamycin红霉素 erythromycin抑酯酶素 esterastin扁枝衣霉素 everninomicin间型霉素 formycin健霉素 fortimicin磷霉素 fosfomycin, phosphonomycin 镰孢菌酸 fusarinic acid艮他霉素 gentamicin胶霉毒素 gliotoxin谷氏菌素 gougerotin短杆菌肽 gramicidin灰霉素 grisein灰黄霉素 griseofulvin除莠菌素 herbicidin除莠霉素 herbimycin全霉素 holomycin潮霉素 hygromycin岛霉素 ilamycin天神霉素 istamycin双氢除虫菌素 ivermectin交沙霉素 josamycin卡那霉素 kanamycin春日霉素 kasugamycin柱晶白霉素 leucomycin林可霉素 lincomycin美登素 maytenin酒霉素 methymycin光神霉素 mithramycin丝裂霉素 mitomycin莫能菌素 monensin菌霉素 mycomycin霉酚酸 mycophenolic acid麦迪霉素 mydecamycin, midecamycin 暗霉素 nebramycin新霉素 neomycin纺锤菌素 netropsin诺卡菌素 nocardin新生霉素 novobiocin制霉菌素 nystatin竹桃霉素 oleandomycin蛇孢菌素 ophiobollin展青霉素 patulin青霉酸 penicillic acid青霉素 penicillin多氧菌素 polyoxin多粘菌素 polymyxin灵菌红素 prodigiosin制反转录酶素 revistin核糖霉素 ribostamycin, vistamycin利福霉素 rifamycin龟裂杀菌素 rimocidin瑞斯托菌素 ristocetin蔷薇霉素 rosamicin红比霉素 rubidomycin相模霉素 sagamicin盐霉素 salinomycin肉瘤霉素 sarkomycin制唾酸酶素 siastatin紫苏霉素 sisomicin壮观霉素 spectinomycin, actinospectacin 螺旋霉素 spiramycin链霉素 streptomycin链黑菌素 streptonigrin链丝菌素 streptothricin枯草菌素 subtilin杀鱼菌素 teleocidin土霉素 terramycin, oxytetracycline四环素 tetracycline噻烯霉素 thienamycin硫藤黄素 thiolutin妥布拉霉素 tobramycin木霉菌素 trichodermin抗滴虫霉素 trichomycin衣霉素 tunicamycin泰乐菌素 tylosin焦曲菌素 ustin有效霉素 validamycin缬氨霉素 valinomycin, aminomycin万古霉素 vancomycin疣孢菌素 verrucarine优胜霉素 victomycin紫霉素 viomycin巴龙霉素 paromomycin遗传转化 genetic transformation供体 donor受体 recipient转化体 transformant感受态 competence光滑型 smooth type粗糙型 rough type无性型 anamorph克隆 clone有性型 teleomorph异源性 heterology同源性 homology转导 transduction局限转导 restricted transduction转染 transfection溶原性转换 lysogenic conversion抗原性漂移 antigenic drift抗原性转变 antigenic shift高频重组 high frequency of recombination, hfr 重组 recombination接合[作用] conjugation重组体 recombinant互补 complementation杂合[现象] heterozygosis重组子 recon接合阶段 zygophase接合 zygosis质粒 plasmid粘粒 cosmid噬粒 phasmid质粒不相容性 plasmid incompatibility相容性 compatibility致育因子 fertility factor性因子 sex factor大肠杆菌素生成因子 colicinogenic factor突变 mutation表型 phenotype环状染色体 ring chromosome基因型 genotype原养型 prototroph原养菌 prototrophic bacteria营养缺陷型 auxotroph多重营养缺陷型 polyauxotroph诱变 mutagenesis诱变剂 mutagen诱发变异 induced variation突变体 mutant渗漏突变体 leaky mutant条件突变株 conditional mutant条件致死 conditional lethal温敏突变株 temperature sensitive mutants半透明型突变噬斑 cococarde噬斑突变株 plaque mutants宿主范围突变株 host range mutant扇形突变 secter mutationh-o 变异 h-o variation弱毒株 low virulent strain减毒株 attenuated strain凝固酶因子 coagulase factor耐药[性决定]因子 resistance determining factor 耐药性转移因子 resistance transfer factor, rtf 抗药性 drug-resistance抗药因子 resistance factor抗药基因 drug resistant gene抗药性菌株 drug resistant strain基因簇 gene cluster复制 replication启动子 promotor操纵子 operon单形现象 monomorphism双态现象 dimorphism多形现象 polymorphism干扰缺损颗粒 defective interfering particle 重分配 redistribution表型混杂 phenotypic mixing基因转移 gene transfer原生质体融合 protoplast fusion趋合子性 zygotaxis向合子性 zygotropism兔化毒 lapinized virus缺损病毒 defective virus[病毒]缺损突变株 defective mutant[流感病毒]o-d相变异 o-d variation病毒基因 virogene[病毒]早期基因 early genes[病毒]晚期基因 late genes微生物生态系统 microbial ecosystem趋化性 chemotaxis趋氧性 aerotaxis趋光性 phototaxis向化性 chemotropism向氧性 oxytropism向光性 phototropism内共生 endosymbiosis捕食作用 predation拮抗作用 antagonism初级合作 protocooperation共生 symbiosis互利共栖 mutualism偏害共栖 amensalism偏利共栖 commensalism互养共栖 syntrophism兢争[共栖] competition寄生 parasitism无关共栖 neutralism卫星现象 satellitism协同共栖 synergism异种克生[现象] allelopathy代谢共栖 metabiosis共生生物 symbiont聚生体 consortium伴生种 companions致坏死寄生物 necroparsite根际微生物 rhizospheric microorganism 叶际微生物 phyllospheric microorganism 悉生生物 gnotobiote腐生现象 saprophytism分解者 decomposer含菌细胞 mycetosome嗜狭高温生物 stenothermophiles广温微生物 eurythermal microorganism 狭温微生物 stenothermal microorganisms 暂居微生物 transient microbe原生演替 primary succession次生演替 secondary succession异养演替 heterotrophic succession自养演替 autotrophic succession顶极群落 climax community菌群 flora区系 flora微生物区系 microflora土著菌群 indigenous flora土著区系 indigenous flora菌群失调 dysbacteriosis水华 blooms生物量 biomass生物质 biomass生物圈 biosphere前发酵 primary fermentation后发酵 secondary fermentation浅盘发酵 shallow tray fermentation深层发酵 submerged fermentation固态发酵 solid state fermentation液态发酵 liquid state fermentation主发酵 main fermentation连续发酵 continuous fermentation半连续[型]发酵 semicontinuous fermentation [罐]批发酵 batch fermentation敞口发酵 open fermentation上面发酵 top fermentation下面发酵 bottom fermentation上面酵母 top yeast下面酵母 bottom yeast阿明露法 amylo process酿造 brewing酿造技术 brewing technique陈酿化 aging发酵罐 fermenter种子罐 seeding tank手动气锁 manual airlock自动气锁 automatic airlock超滤膜 ultrafiltration membrane超滤法 ultrafiltration消泡剂 antifoam agent醋化作用 acetification酸化作用 acidification糖化作用 saccharification糖化剂 sacchariferous agents曲 qu(raw starter)大曲 daqu (massive raw stater for alcholic liquor) 小曲 xiaoqu(raw starter complex)日本酒曲 koji麸曲 bran koji液体曲 liquid koji起子 starter, culture starter酒母 seeding yeast活性干酵母 active dry yeast单细胞蛋白 single cell protein, scp菌丝球 mycelium pellet活性污泥 activated sludge醪液 mash固定化细胞 immobilized cell共固定化作用 co-immobilization酸败 spoilage平[罐]酸败 flat-sour spoilage平罐酸败菌 flat sour bacteria需氧量 oxygen requirement生物致劣 deterioration微生物传感器 microbial sensor微生物浸矿 microbial leaching微生物杀虫剂 microbial pesticide 病毒杀虫剂 viral pesticide根瘤 root nodule菌根 mycorrhiza根瘤菌剂 nitragin植物杀菌素 phytocidin昆虫病原微生物 entomopathogen [蜜蜂]幼虫腐臭病 foulbrood固氮菌剂 azotogen亚麻浸渍 flax retting生物防治 biological control沤麻 retting青贮饲料 silage沼气 biogas无菌植物 germ-free plant侵染 infection侵染性 infectivity侵染中心 infectious center侵染剂量 infective dose, id病毒尿症 viruria病毒血症 viremia菌血症 bacteremia食物中毒 food poisoning真菌中毒 mycetism标准血清 standard serum混合分型血清 pooled typing serum抗血清 antiserum抗白喉血清 antidiphtheric serum结核菌素反应 tuberculin reaction卡介苗 bcg vaccine抗毒素 antitoxin旧结核菌素 old tuberculin, ot结核菌素单位 tuberculin unit, tu致热原 pyrogen病原体 pathogen带[病]毒者 carrier带菌者 carrier感染 infection传染 infection原发性感染原 primary invader继发性感染原 secondary invader机会致病菌 opportunistic pathogen条件致病菌 conditioned pathogen正常菌群 normal flora感染性 infectivity感染中心 infectious center攻击力 aggressivity侵袭力 invasiveness皮肤坏死毒素 dermatonecrotoxin毒素 toxin毒力 virulence感染剂量 infective dose, id半感染剂量 infectious dose 50%, id 50半数组织培养感染量 50% tissue culture infective dose, tcid 50 致病性 pathogenicity致细胞病变[效应] cytopathic effect, cpe半数致死量 50% lethal dose, ld 50细菌毒力 bacterial virulence神经毒力 neurovirulence类毒素 toxoid神经毒性 neurotoxicity最小感染量 minimal infecting dose, mid最小抑菌浓度 minimal inhibitory concentration, mic 最小致死量 minimal lethal dose, mld生物制品 biological products鞭毛抗原 flagellar antigen菌体抗原 o antigen[细菌]包被抗原 envelope antigen菌苗 bacterial vaccine疫苗 vaccine活疫苗 live vaccine活菌苗 live bacterial vaccine单价疫苗 univalent vaccine单价菌苗 univalent bacterial vaccine多价菌苗 polyvalent bacterial vaccine多价疫苗 polyvalent vaccine三联疫苗 triple vaccine联合疫苗 combined vaccine亚单位菌苗 subunit bacterial vaccine亚单位疫苗 subunit vaccine兔化法 lapinization减毒作用 attenuation自身疫苗 autovaccine自身菌苗 autovaccine菌苗疗法 vaccinetherapy, vaccinotherapy化学疗法 chemotherapy疫苗疗法 vaccinetherapy, vaccinotherapy 疫苗再接种 revaccination再接种 reinoculation自身接种 autoinoculationvi 抗原 vi antigen乙型肝炎核心抗原 hbcag乙型肝炎表面抗原 hbsag扩散因子 spreading factor乙型肝炎e抗原 hbeag溶血[作用] haemolysis[抗菌素的]协同作用 synergism抑菌作用 bacteriostasis杀芽孢剂 sporicide杀病毒剂 virucide抗溶[菌]素 antilysin杀菌剂 germicides消毒剂 disinfectant抑菌剂 bacteriostat抗微生物剂 antimicrobial agent抗菌剂 antibacterial agent抗真菌剂 antifungal agent杀细菌剂 bactericide杀真菌剂 mycocide抑真菌剂 fungistat消毒 disinfection腐败 putrefaction防腐 antisepsis石炭酸系数 phenol coefficient药物敏感性 drug susceptibility防腐剂 antiseptic大肠菌类 coliform group大肠[杆]菌值 colititre大肠[杆]菌指数 coli-index指示菌 indicator显微肥达氏凝集试验 microscopic widal agglutination test敏化细菌 sensitized bacteria无特定病原动物 specific pathogen free animals, spfa无菌动物 germ-free animal硫磺[样]颗粒 sulfur granule显微镜 microscope双目显微镜 binocular microscope倒置显微镜 invert microscope明视野显微镜 bright field microscope暗视野 dark-field暗视野显微镜 dark-field microscope暗视野显微术 dark-field microscopy相差显微镜 phase contrast microscope[分辨]干涉差显微镜differential interference contrast microscope, dicm荧光显微镜 fluorescence microscope电[子显微]镜 electron microscope透射电[子显微]镜 transmission electron microscope, tem扫描电[子显微]镜 scanning electron microscope, sem超薄切片术 ultramicrotomy超薄切片 ultrathin section目镜 ocular物镜 objective透镜 lens补偿目镜 compensative eyepiece消色差透镜 achromatic lens全消色差透镜 apochromatic lens低倍物镜 low power objective高倍物镜 high power objective油浸物镜 oil immersion objective显微镜集光器 microscope condenser镜台测微计 stage micrometer目镜测微计 ocular micrometer显微操作 micromanipulation显微操作器 micromanipulator盖玻片 cover glass载玻片 slide凹玻片 concave slide香柏油 cedar oil涂片 smear悬滴法 hanging drop method热固定 heat fixation镜检 microscopic examination分辨率 resolving power放大率 magnification染色法 staining染色反应 staining reaction负染[色法] negative staining鉴别染色法 differential staining对染[法] counterstaining两极染色 bipolar staining萋-尼染色法 ziehl-neelsen staining method 抗酸细菌染色法 acid-fast staining革兰氏染色 gram staining赖夫松鞭毛染色 leifson's flagella staining 墨汁荚膜染色 india-ink capsule staining阿氏染色 albert's staining麦氏[立克次氏体]染色 macchiavello's staining瑞氏染色 wright's staining富尔根染色 feulgen staining染色剂 stain鲁戈氏碘液 lugol's iodine solution吕氏甲烯蓝 loeffler's methylene blue石炭酸品红 carbol fuchsin孔雀石绿溶液 malachite green solution柯斯特染料 koester's stain培养基 medium营养琼脂 nutrient agar营养肉汤 nutrient broth远藤培养基 endo's medium沙氏葡萄糖琼脂 sabouraud's dextrose agar吕氏血清培养基 loeffler's serum medium伊红甲烯蓝琼脂 emb agar沙门-志贺氏琼脂 salmonella-shigella agar, s.s.agar麦氏培养基 macconkey medium庖肉培养基 cooked meat medium马铃薯葡萄糖琼脂 potato dextrose agar, pda豆芽汁培养基 bean sprouts medium[蛋白]胨酵母膏葡萄糖培养基peptone-yeast extract-glucose medium分离培养基 isolation medium鉴别培养基 differential medium富集培养基 enrichment medium基础培养基 basic medium确定成分培养基 defined medium合成培养基 synthetic medium半合成培养基 semisynthetic medium液体培养基 liquid medium半固体培养基 semisolid medium固体培养基 solid medium滋养培养基 enriched medium生化培养基 biochemical medium完全培养基 complete medium干燥培养基 dehydrated medium天然培养基 natural medium选择性培养基 selective medium平板 plate聚硅酸盐平板 polysilicate plate梯度平板 gradient plate补加培养基 supplemented medium琼脂平板 agar plate琼脂 agar肉膏 meat extract牛肉膏 beef extract牛肉汁 beef broth麦芽汁 malt wort酵母汁 yeast water酵母膏 yeast extract paste酵母提取粉 yeast extract powder[水解]酪蛋白氨基酸 casamino acids [蛋白]胨 peptone琼脂斜面 agar slant杜氏发酵管 durham's fermentation tube 传代 transfer of culture分离 isolation划线[分离] streaking稀释平板分离法 dilution-plate method 无菌检查 sterility test无菌 sterile污染 contamination污染物 contaminant菌株 strain接种物 inoculum接种 inoculation, inoculating, inoculate 无菌操作 aseptic technique移种 culture transfering平板接种 plating穿刺 stab平板划线 plate streaking细胞系 cell line细胞株 cell strain培养 cultivation纯化 purification纯性培养 axenic cultivation纯培养 pure cultivation玻片培养 slide cultivation穿刺培养 stab cultivation传代培养 subculturing分部培养[法] fractional cultivation分批培养 batch cultivation滚管培养法 rolling tube cultivation滚管技术 rolling tube technique混合培养 mixed cultivation划线培养 streak cultivation静止培养 static cultivation连续培养 continuous cultivation倾注培养[法] pour plate method平板培养 plate cultivation肉汤培养 broth cultivation深层培养 submerged cultivation双相培养 biphasic cultivation同步培养 synchronous cultivation 透析培养 dialysis cultivation涂布培养法 spread plate method 协同培养 co-cultivation斜面培养 slant cultivation需氧培养 aerobic cultivation厌氧培养 anaerobic cultivation摇合培养 shake cultivation原位培养 in situ cultivation振荡培养 shake cultivation组织培养 tissue culture盲传 blind passage影印培养法 replica plating开放生长系统 open growth system 封闭生长系统 closed growth system 培养物 culture玻片培养物 slide culture穿刺培养物 stab culture传代培养物 subculture纯性培养物 axenic culture纯培养物 pure culture划线培养物 streak culture混合培养物 mixed culture平板培养物 plate culture划线平板 streak plate肉汤培养物 broth culture斜面培养物 slant culture原始培养物 primary culture老培养物 old culture模式培养物 type culture储用培养物 stock culture冻干[保藏]法 lyophilization深低温保藏[法] cryopreservation液氮保藏[法] liquid nitrogen cryopreservation 鉴定 identification灭菌 sterilization灭菌器 sterilizer高压灭菌器 autoclave干热灭菌 dry heat sterilization高压灭菌 autoclaving间歇灭菌法 tyndallization过滤除菌 filtration sterilization连续灭菌 continuous sterilization烧灼灭菌 incineration巴氏消毒法 pasteurization曼德勒尔滤器 mandler filter赛氏[细菌]滤器 seitz filter素陶滤菌器 unglazed porcelain filter薄膜滤器 membrane filter微孔滤器 millipore filter流通蒸汽灭菌器 arnold steam sterilizor弗氏[细胞]压碎器 french cell pressx[细胞]压碎器 x press接种针 inoculating needle接种环 inoculating loop涂布器 spreader超净台 super clean bench接种箱 inoculation hood培养箱 incubator恒浊器 turbidostat恒化器 chemostat烛罐 candle jar厌氧培养室 anaerobic chamber培养皿 petri dish培养瓶 culture flask克氏瓶 kolle flask冯巴赫瓶 fernbach flask稀释法 dilution method生长谱测定[法] auxanography生长谱 auxanogram抗生谱 antibiotic spectrum杯碟法 cylinder plate method牛津杯 oxford cup菌落计数器 bacterial colony counter最大机率法 most probable number method, mpnm 最大机率数 most probable number, mpn效价 titer硝酸盐还原试验 nitrate reduction test明胶液化 gelatine liquefication硫化氢试验 hydrogen sulfide production test石蕊牛奶 litmus milk柯氏氧化酶试剂 kovac's oxidase reagent柯氏试剂 kovac's reagent氧化酶试验 oxidase test吲哚试验 indole test科氏试验 kolmer test甲基红试验 methyl red test伏-波试验 voges-proskauer test吲哚、甲基红、v-p、柠檬酸试验 imvic test蓝氏链球菌分群试验 lancefield's streptococcal grouping test gc值 gc values甲烯蓝还原试验 methylene blue reduction test荚膜膨胀试验 quellung test[马]鼻疽菌素试验 mallein test痘疱试验 pock assay埃姆斯试验 ames test临界杀菌浓度 critical killing dilution中和试验 neutralization test毒素中和试验 toxin neutralization test菌落形成单位 colony forming units, cfu生物测定 bioassay氯化三苯基四氮唑法triphenyl tetrazolium chloride method, ttcm血清学特异性 serological specificity血清学鉴定 serological identification免疫粘连血凝测定immune adherence hemagglutination assay, iaha溶血试验 hemolytic test血细胞凝集 hemagglutination, ha血细胞吸附 hemadsorption, hd血凝抑制 hemagglutination inhibition溶[细]菌反应 bacteriolytic reaction体外 in vitro体内 in vivo。
微生物学专业词汇
Nutrition and Metabolism营养和新陈代谢Activation Energy活化能Aerobe 需氧微生物Anabolism同化作用Autotroph 自养生物j Catabolism异化作用Chemolithotroph化能无机自养生物Chemoorganotroph化能有机营养物Citric acid cycle 三羧酸循环Coenzyme 辅酶Complex medium 复合培养基Culture medium 培养基Defined medium合成培养基Electron acceptor电子受体Electron donor电子供体Enzyme 酶Fermentation发酵Free energy自由能Oxidative phosphorylation氧化磷酸化Phototroph 光养生物Proton motive force 质子动力Reduction potential位氧化还原电位Respiration呼吸作用Siderophores铁运载体Substrate-level phosphorylation 底物水平磷酸化Microbial Growth and Growth Control微生物生长和生长抑制Acidophile嗜酸菌Aerobe 需氧微生物Alkaliphile 嗜碱菌Anaerobe厌氧菌Batch culture分批培养Chemostat 恒化器Compatible solute相容性溶质Exponential growth指数增长Extremophile极端微生物Facultative兼性Generation time 产生寿命Growth 生长Halophile 嗜盐微生物Hyperthermophile超嗜热菌Lag phase 延缓期Lysis 溶菌Mesophile嗜温性细菌Microaerophile 微需氧微生物Psychrophile 低温微生物Psychrotolerant 耐寒生物Stationary phase 稳定期Thermophile 嗜热生物Viable能生育的Xerophile耐旱生物Aminoglycosides氨基糖苷类Antibiotic抗生素Antibiotic resistance抗生素抗性Antimicrobial agent抗菌剂Antiseptic 防腐剂Autoclave高压灭菌器β-Lactam antibiotics b-内酰胺抗生素Bacteriocidal 杀菌Bacteriostatic 抑菌Chemotherapeutic agent 化学治疗剂Decontamination 净化Disinfectant 消毒剂Disinfection 消毒杀菌Growth factor analog 生长因子类似物Inhibition 抑制Interferons 干扰素Lysis 细胞溶解Pasteurization巴氏杀菌Semisynthetic penicillin半合成青霉素Sterilization 灭菌Tetracycline 四环素Microbial Genetics微生物的遗传学Auxotroph营养缺陷型Conjugation结合Diploid二倍体Transposon转位子Electroporation电穿孔Gametes配子Genetic map遗传图谱Genome染色体组Genotype基因型Haploid单倍体Mutagens诱变剂Mutant突变体Mutation突变Phenotype表现型Plasmid质粒Point mutation基因点突变Recombination重组Screening筛选Selection挑选Transduction转换Transformation转化Transposable element转位因子Microbial Ecology微生物生态学Acid mine drainage排泄酸性矿水Anoxic厌氧的Bacteroid类菌体Xenobiotic异生物质Barophilic嗜压的Barotolerant耐压性Biofilm生物膜Biogeochemistry生物地球化学Black smoker黑水喷口Cometabolism供降解Ecosystem生态系统Enrichment culture富集培养FISH鱼类Guild行会Hydrothermal vent深海热泉In situ在原地Interspecies hydrogen transfer种间氢转移L eaching浸析浸出Lichen地衣Microbial plastics微生物塑料Microenvironment生态微环境Mycorrhiza菌根Optical tweezers光学镊子Oxic好氧的Primary producer初级生产者Pyrite黄铁矿Reductive dechlorination还原脱氯Rhizosphere根围Root nodule根瘤Rumen瘤胃Ti plasmid Ti质粒转化。
微生物专业词汇
微生物专业词汇01微生物学 microbiology病毒学 virology噬菌体学 bacteriophagology细菌学 bacteriology鉴定细菌学 determinative bacteriology 系统细菌学 systematic bacteriology真菌学 mycology原生生物学 protistology原生动物学 protozoology普通微生物学 general microbilogy微生物分类学 microbial taxonomy微生物生理学 microbial physiology微生物生物化学 microbial biochemistry 微生物遗传学 microbial genetics微生物生态学 microbial ecology古微生物学 paleomicrobiology土壤微生物学 soil microbiology水生微生物学 aquatic microbiology海洋微生物学 marine microbiology悉生生物学 gnotobiology医学微生物学 medical microbiology兽医微生物学 veterinary microbiology 农业微生物学 agricultural microbiology 工业微生物学 industrial microbiology 石油微生物学 petroleum microbiology 食品微生物学 food microbiology乳品微生物学 diary microbiology瘤胃微生物学 rumen microbiology诊断微生物学 diagnostic microbiology病原学 etiology国际微生物学会联合会 International Union of Microbiological Societies, IUMS中国微生物学会 Chinese Society for Microbiology, CSM世界培养物保藏协会 World Federation for Culture Collection, WFCC中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会 China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms, CCCCM美国模式培养物保藏所 American Type Culture Collection, ATCC 微生物专业词汇02自然发生说，无生源说 spontaneous generation, abiogenesis 原界 urkingdom始祖生物 progenote古始生物界 archetista古细菌 archaebacteria原生生物 protista原生动物 protozoan原生植物 protophyte真核生物 eukaryote原核生物 prokaryote裂殖植物 schizophyte微生物 microorganism数值分类法 numerical taxonomy 模式目 type order模式科 type family模式属 type genus模式种 type species模式株 type strain真菌 fungi捕食真菌 predacious fungi虫道真菌 ambrosia fungi地下真菌 hypogeal fungi虫生真菌 entomogenous fungi 菌根真菌 mycorrhizal fungi木腐菌 wood-decay fungi霉菌 mold, mould半知菌 imperfect fungi子囊菌 ascomycetes粘菌 slime mold, slime mould 壶菌 chytrid卵菌 oomycetes接合菌 zygomycetes担子菌 basidiomycetes核菌 pyrenomycetes盘菌 cup fungi块菌 truffles锈菌 rust fungi蘑菇 mushrooms毒蘑菇 poisonous mushroom 酵母菌 yeast无孢子酵母菌 asporogenous yeasts有孢子酵母菌 sporogenous yeasts黑粉菌 smut fungi双态性真菌 dimorphic fungi毛外癣菌 ectothrix毛内癣菌 endothrix完全真菌 perfect fungi黑粉病 smut disease锈病 rust disease微生物专业词汇_抗生素抗生素 antibiotic阿克拉霉素 aclacinomycin放线酮 actidione, cycloheximide放线菌素 actinomycin阿霉素 adriamycin氨丁苷菌素 ambutyrosin7-氨基头孢菌酸 7-aminocephalosporinic acid 6-氨基青霉烷酸 6-aminopenicillanic acid两性霉素 amphotericin安丝菌素 ansamitocin抗蠕霉素 anthelmycin抗霉素 antimycin阿泊拉霉素 apramycin除疟霉素 aplasmomycin曲霉菌素 aspergillin。
医学微生物学英语词汇
AAbortive infection 顿挫感染* Absorption 吸附* Acid-fast bacilli 抗酸杆菌Acquired immunity 获得性免疫* Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome，AIDS 获得性免疫缺陷综合征* Actinomyces 放线菌属Acute infection 急性感染* Adenovirus 腺病毒Adhesin 粘附素黄曲霉A. israelii 衣氏放线菌* Anaerobic bacteria 厌氧性细菌Anaerobic medium 厌氧培养基Antibody dependent enhancement,ADE 抗体依赖的促进作用Antigenic drift 抗原漂移Antigenic shift 抗原性转换* Antisepsis 防腐* Antistreptolysin O (ASO) test, 抗链球菌溶素O试验Antiviral protein,AVP 抗病毒蛋白Apoptosis 细胞凋亡* Apparent infection 显性感染Arbovirus 虫媒病毒* Artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫* Artificial passive immunization 人工被动免疫* Asepsis 无菌Aspergillus 曲霉* Assembly and release 装备与释放* Astrovirus 星状病毒Autotroph 自养菌* Attenuated vaccine 减毒疫苗B* Bacillus 杆菌、芽胞杆菌属* Bacillus anthracis 炭疽芽胞杆菌Bacillus cereus 蜡样芽胞杆菌* Bacteremia 菌血症Bacterial infection 细菌感染* Bacterial L form 细菌L型* Bacteriocin 细菌素* Bacteriophage 噬菌体* Bacterium 细菌Bartonella 巴尔通体属* Bacteriodes fragilis 脆弱类杆菌Bifidobacterium 双歧杆菌属* Binary fission 二分裂汉赛巴尔通体* Bioproduct 生物制品* Biosynthesis 生物合成Biotype 生物型* Biovar trachoma 沙眼生物亚种Blastospore 芽生胞子* Borrelia burgdoyferi 伯氏疏螺旋体* Botulin 肉毒毒素Bovine spongiform encephalopathy,BSE 牛海绵状脑病(疯牛病) * Bordetella pertussis 百日咳鲍特菌* Brucella 布鲁菌属Burkitt，s lymphoma,BL 伯基特淋巴瘤C* Candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌* Calicivirus 杯状病毒Campylobacter 弯曲菌属* Capsid 衣壳Capsomere 壳粒* Capsule 荚膜* Carrier 带菌者* Carrier state 带菌状态Cat scratch disease, CSD 猫抓病* 肉毒梭菌艰难梭菌Cell membrane 细胞膜Cellular microbiology 细胞微生物学Cell wall 细胞壁* Chlamydia 衣原体Chlamydospore 厚膜胞子Cholera toxin,CT 霍乱毒素* Chronic infection 慢性感染空肠弯曲菌* Classical biotype 古典生物型* Clostridium 梭菌属* Coagulase 凝固酶* Coccus 球菌* Colony 菌落Colonization 定植Complex symmetry 复合对称* Conditional pathogen 条件致病菌* Conjugation 接合Core polysaccharide 核心多糖Coronavirus 冠状病毒* Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌* Coxsackievirus 柯萨奇病毒* Coxiella burnetii 贝纳柯克斯体* 产气荚膜梭菌* 肺炎衣原体* Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌* 破伤风梭菌* 沙眼衣原体* Culture medium 培养基* Cytomegalovirus,CMV 巨细胞病毒Cytoplasme 细胞质* Cytopathic effect,CPE 细胞病变效应D* Darkfeild microscope 暗视野显微镜Decline phase 衰亡期Defective interfering particles,DIP 缺陷干扰颗粒* Defective virus 缺陷病毒* Dengue virus 登革病毒* Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌* Diplococcus 双球菌Differential medium 鉴别培养基* Disinfectant 消毒剂* Disinfection 消毒* Dysbacteriosis 菌群失调* Dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌E产气肠杆菌EB early antigen，EA EB病毒早期抗原EB nuclear antigen，EBNA EB病毒核抗原* Eclipse period 隐蔽期* Ehrlichia 埃立克体属Electron microscope 电子显微镜elementary body 原体* El tor biotype Eltor 生物型* Encephalitis B virus 乙型脑炎病毒* Endogenous infection 内源性感染Endospore 内芽胞* Endotoxemia 内毒素血症* Endotoxin 内毒素Enteric adenovirus 肠道腺病毒* ECHO , Enteric cytopathogenic human orphan virus ECHO病毒* EAggEC, Enteroaggregative 肠凝集性大肠埃希菌* EHEC, Enterohemorrhagic 肠出血性大肠埃希菌* EIEC, Enteroinvasive 肠侵袭性大肠埃希菌* EPEC, Enteropathogenic 肠致病性大肠埃希菌* ETEC, Enterotoxigenic 肠产毒性大肠埃希菌* Enterotoxin 肠毒素* Enterovirus 肠道病毒* Envelope 包膜Epidermolytic toxin 表皮溶解毒素Epidermophyton 表皮癣菌* Epstein-Barr virus，EBV EB病毒Erythrogenic toxin 红疹毒素* Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Exfoliative toxin,or exfoliatin 表皮剥脱毒素* Exogenous infection 外源性感染* Exotoxin 外毒素* Extracellular bacteria 胞外菌F* Facultative anaerobe 兼性厌氧菌* Fertility factor,F factor 致育因子Filamentous fungus 丝状菌Filter 滤菌器* Filtration 滤过除菌法* Fimbriae 菌毛* Flagellum 鞭毛Flaviviridae 黄病毒科Forest encephalitis virus 森林脑炎病毒Fractional sterilization 间歇蒸气灭菌法* Fungus 真菌G* Generalized infection 全身感染Generalized transduction 普遍性转导* Gene transfer 基因转移* Genus 菌属* Gonococcus 淋球菌* Gram stain 革兰染色* Growth curve 生长曲线* Growth factor 生长因子H* Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌* Hantavirus 汉坦病毒Hantaan virus 汉滩病毒Heat-labile enterotoxin,LT 不耐热肠毒素Heat-stable enterotoxin,ST 耐热肠毒素Heat-stable nuclease 耐热核酸酶* Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌* Helical symmetry 螺旋对称* Hemagglutinin ，HA 血凝素* α-hemolytic streptococcus 甲型（α）溶血链球菌* β-hemolytic steptococcus 乙性（β）溶血性链菌Hepadnaviridae 嗜肝DNA病毒科* HAV, Hepatitis A virus 甲型肝炎病毒* HBV, Hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒* HCV, Hepatitis C virus 丙型肝炎病毒* HDV, Hepatitis D virus 丁型肝炎病毒* HEV, hepatitis E virus 戊型肝炎病毒* HGV, hepatitis G virus 庚型肝炎病毒Herpesviridae 疱疹病毒科Histoplasma capsulatum 荚膜组织胞浆菌* Horizontal transmission 水平传播* Herpes simplex virus，HSV 单纯疱疹病毒Heterotroph 异养菌Human cytomegalovirus HCMV 人巨细胞病毒* Human herpes viruses,HHV 人疱疹病毒Human herpesvirus 6,HHV-6 人疱疹病毒6型Human herpesvirus 7，HHV-7 人疱疹病毒7型Human herpesvirus 8,HHV-8 人疱疹病毒8型* Human immunodeficiency viru ,HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒* Human papillomavirus，HPV 人乳头瘤病毒属Human T-cell lymphotropic virus, HTLV 人类嗜T细胞病毒* Hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶* Hypha 菌丝IIatrogenic infection 医源性感染* Icosahedral symmetry 二十面体对称Immortalization 永生化Immune enhancement 免疫促进作用* Inactivated vaccine 灭活疫苗* Inactivation 灭活* Inapparent infection 隐性感染* Inclusion bodies 包涵体* Infection immunity 传染免疫* Influenza virus 流行性感冒病毒Initial body 始体* Innate immunity 天然免疫lnsertion sequence, IS 插入序列* Integration 整合Interference 干扰现象* Interferon 干扰素* Invasiveness 侵袭Invasin 侵袭素JJapanese encephalitis virus 日本脑炎病毒KKanagawa phenomenon,KP 神奈川现象klebsiella 克雷伯菌属肺炎克雷伯菌Kuru disease 库鲁病L* Latent infection 潜伏感染Latent membrane protein，LMP 潜伏感染膜蛋白Lecithinase 卵磷脂酶* Legionella 军团菌属* Leptospira 钩端螺旋体Light microscope 光学显微镜问号状钩端螺旋体* Lipid A 脂质A* Lipopolysaccharide, LPS 脂多糖Lipoteichoic acid, LTA 脂磷壁酸Liver specific Protein,LSP 肝特异性脂蛋白抗原Logarithmic phase 对数期L. Pneumophila 嗜肺军团菌* Lyme disease 莱姆病Lyophilization 冷冻真空干燥法* Lysogenic phage 溶原性噬菌体* Lysogenic bacterium 溶原性细菌* Lysogenic conversion 溶原性转换* Lysozyme 溶菌酶MMacrocomidium 大分生孢子Malassezia furfur 秕糠马拉癣菌Matrix prote M1 基质蛋白M1* Measles virus 麻疹病毒Median infective dose ID50 半数感染量Median lethal dose LD50 半数致死量* Medical microbiology 医学微生物学* Medical virology 医学病毒学Membrane antigen，MA 膜抗原* Meningococcus 脑膜炎球菌Mesosome 中介体* Metachromatic granule 异染颗粒Methicillin resistant ,MRSA 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌* Microaerophilic bacterium 微需氧菌* Microbiology 微生物学Microcapsule 微荚膜Microconidium 小分生孢子Microecology 微生态学* Microorganism 微生物Microsporum 小孢子癣菌* 麻风分枝杆菌* Mold 霉菌* M. Pneumoniae 肺炎支原体* 结核分枝杆菌Mucor 毛霉Multiple resistance 多种耐药性* Mumps virus 腮腺炎病毒* Mycelium 菌丝体* Mycobacterium 分枝杆菌Mycolic acid 分枝菌酸* Mycoplasma 支原体N* Negri body 内基小体* Negative staining 负染* Neisseria 奈瑟菌属* Neuraminidase, NA 神经氨酸酶Neurotoxin 神经毒素* 淋病奈瑟菌* 膜炎奈瑟菌Nocardia asteroids 星形诺卡菌Nocardia brasiliensis 巴西诺卡菌* Nonpathogenic bacterium,nonpathogen 非病原菌Nonpermissive cells 非容许性细胞* Nonspecific immunity 非特异性免疫Nontuberculosis mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌* Normal flora 正常菌群Norwalk 诺瓦克病毒* Nosocomial infction 医院内感染* Nuclear material 核质Nucleoprotein,NP 核蛋白* Nuclocapsid 核衣壳Nutrient agar 营养琼脂Nutrient broth 营养肉汤O* Obligate aerobe 专性需氧菌* Obligate anaerobe 专性厌氧菌Old tuberculin,OT 旧结核菌素* Opportunistic pathogenesis 机会致病性Ordinary pilus 普通菌毛Orientia 东方体属* Orthomyxoviridae 正粘病毒科Outer membrane 外膜* Outer membrane protein,OMP 外膜蛋白P铜绿假单胞菌Papovaviridae 乳多空病毒科属Parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒Paramyxoviridae 副粘病毒科Parasite 寄生菌* Parvovirus 细小病毒* Pasteurization 巴氏消毒法* Pathogenic bacterium,pathogen 病原菌* Pathogenicity 致病性Penetration 穿入Penton 五邻体* Peptostreptococcus 消化链球菌属* Peptidoglycan 肽聚糖Permissive cells 容许性细胞* Persistent viral infection 持续性病毒感染* Phagocytosis 吞噬作用Phagolysome 吞噬溶酶体Phagosome 吞噬体* Picornaviridae 小RNA病毒科Pilin 菌毛蛋白* Pilus 菌毛* Pinocytosis 吞饮作用Pinosome 吞饮体Plaque 噬斑Plaque forming units, pfu 噬斑形成单位* Plasmid 质粒* Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢菌* Pneumococcus 肺炎球菌* Poliovirus 脊髓灰质炎病毒Primary atypical pneumonia 原发性非典型性肺炎* Prion ( prion protine,PrP ) 朊粒* Prokaryotae 原核生物界* Prophage 前噬菌体Proteus 变形杆菌Protopast fusion 原生质体融合Pseudomonas 假单胞菌属Pure culture 纯培养Purified protein derivative,PPD 纯蛋白衍生物* Pyemia 脓毒血症* Pyogenic coccus 化脓性球菌Pyogenic streptococcus 化脓性链球菌*Pyrogen 热原质Pyrogenic exotoxin 致热外毒素R* Rabies virus 狂犬病病毒Reassortment 重配Recombination 重组Reovirus 呼肠病毒Resistance transfer factor, RTF 耐药性传递因子* Respiratory syscytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒Restricted transduction 局限性转导Reticulate body 网状体* Retroviridae 逆转录病毒科Reverse transcr!ptase 逆转录酶Rhabdoviridae 弹状病毒科Rhinovirus 鼻病毒Ribonucleoprotein,RNP 核糖核蛋白Ribosome 核糖体* Rickettsia 立克次体* Rotavirus 轮状病毒Rough colony 粗糙型菌落普氏立克次体恙虫病东方体斑疹伤寒立克次体* Rubella virus 风疹病毒S* Salmonella 沙门菌属Samonellosis 沙门菌病* 鲍氏志贺菌* 痢疾志贺菌* Septicemia 败血症* Serological diagnosis 血清学诊断Sex pilus 性菌毛* 福氏志贺菌* Shigella 志贺菌属Shiga-like toxin,SLT 志贺样毒素希氏沙门菌* Slow virus infection 慢发病毒感染Small round structured virus,SRSV 小园形结构化病毒Smooth colony 光滑型菌落* A 甲型副伤寒沙门菌Specific immunity 特异性免疫* Specific polysaccharide 特异多糖* Spike 刺突* Spiral bacterium 螺形菌* Spirochete 螺旋体* 肺炎链球菌* Spore 芽胞肖氏沙门菌* 宋内氏志贺菌* Staphylococcus 葡萄球菌属Staphylococcal protein A ,SPA 葡萄球菌A蛋白Staphylolysin 葡萄球菌溶素* Sterilization 灭菌* Stormy fermentation 汹涌发酵* Strain 菌株Streptococcal fibrinolysin 链球菌溶纤维蛋白酶* Streptococcus 链球菌属* γ-streptococcus 丙型（γ）链球菌Streptodornase,SD 链道酶Streptokinase,SK 链激酶* StreptolysinO, SLO 链球菌溶素OStreptolysinS, SLS 链球菌溶素S* 伤寒沙门菌Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, SSPE 亚急性硬化性全脑炎* Subclinical infection 亚临床感染* Subvirus 亚病毒* Sulfur granule 硫磺样颗粒Superinfection 重迭感染TTCID50 (50%tissue culture infective dose) 半数组织感染剂量* Teichoic acid 磷壁酸* Temperate phage 温和噬菌体Temperature sensitive mutant 温度敏感突变株Tetani 破伤风* Tetanospasmin 破伤风痉挛毒素* Tetanus antitoxin,TAT 破伤风抗毒素* Titer 效价或滴度Togaviridae 披膜病毒科* Toxemia 毒血症Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1,TSST-1 毒性休克毒素综合征毒素-I * Toxin 毒素* Toxoid 类毒素* Treponema pallidium 苍白密螺旋体* Transduction 转导* Transformation 转化Transposon, Tn 转座子Trichophyton 毛癣菌Tubercle bacilli 结核杆菌* Type 型* Typhoid fever,or enteric fever 肠热症U* Uncoating 脱壳* 溶脲脲原体V* Vaccine 疫苗* Varicella-zoster virus VZV 水痘-带状疱疹病毒Verotoxin vero毒素* Vertical transmission 垂直传播Vibrio 弧菌属* Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌* Virion 病毒体Viroid 类病毒* Virology 病毒学* Virulence 毒力* Virulent phage 毒性噬菌体* Virus 病毒* 副溶血性弧菌WWall teichoic acid 壁磷壁酸* Weil-Felix reaction 外斐反应* Widal reaction 肥达反应YYeast 酵母菌Yeast-Like fungus 类酵母菌Yersinia pestis 鼠疫耶尔森菌ZZones of inhibition 抑菌圈* Zoonosis 动物源性疾病。
常用微生物英语词汇
active immunity （主动免疫）active transport （主动运输）Alcohol fermentation（乙醇发酵）Aerobe （好氧微生物）Aflatoxin （黄曲霉毒素）AIDS（爱滋病）Ames test （艾姆氏实验）Anabolism （合成代谢）Anaerobe （厌氧微生物）Antibiotic （抗生素）antibody （抗体）antigen （抗原）antigenic determinant（抗原决定基）Abortive infection 顿挫感染Absorption 吸附Acid-fast bacilli 抗酸杆菌Acquired immunity 获得性免疫Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome，AIDS 获得性免疫缺陷综合征Actinomyces 放线菌属Acute infection 急性感染Adenovirus 腺病毒Adhesin 粘附素A.flavus 黄曲霉A. israelii 衣氏放线菌Anaerobic bacteria 厌氧性细菌Anaerobic medium 厌氧培养基Antibody dependent enhancement,ADE 抗体依赖的促进作用Antigenic drift 抗原漂移Antigenic shift 抗原性转换Antisepsis 防腐Antistreptolysin O (ASO) test, 抗链球菌溶素O试验Antiviral protein,A VP 抗病毒蛋白Apoptosis 细胞凋亡Apparent infection 显性感染Arbovirus 虫媒病毒Artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫Artificial passive immunization 人工被动免疫Asepsis 无菌Aspergillus 曲霉Assembly and release 装备与释放Astrovirus 星状病毒Autotroph 自养菌Attenuated vaccine 减毒疫苗BBacillus 杆菌、芽胞杆菌属Bacillus anthracis 炭疽芽胞杆菌Bacillus cereus 蜡样芽胞杆菌Bacteremia 菌血症Bacterial infection 细菌感染Bacterial L form 细菌L型Bacteriocin 细菌素Bacteriophage 噬菌体Bacterium 细菌Bartonella 巴尔通体属Bacteriodes fragilis 脆弱类杆菌Bifidobacterium 双歧杆菌属Binary fission 二分裂B.hanselae 汉赛巴尔通体Bioproduct 生物制品Biosynthesis 生物合成Biotype 生物型Biovar trachoma 沙眼生物亚种Blastospore 芽生胞子Borrelia burgdoyferi 伯氏疏螺旋体Botulin 肉毒毒素Bovine spongiform encephalopathy,BSE 牛海绵状脑病(疯牛病)Bordetella pertussis 百日咳鲍特菌Brucella 布鲁菌属Burkitt，s lymphoma,BL 伯基特淋巴瘤CCandida albicans 白假丝酵母菌Calicivirus 杯状病毒Campylobacter 弯曲菌属Capsid 衣壳Capsomere 壳粒Capsule 荚膜Carrier 带菌者Carrier state 带菌状态Cat scratch disease, CSD 猫抓病C.botulinum 肉毒梭菌C.difficile 艰难梭菌Cell membrane 细胞膜Cellular microbiology 细胞微生物学Cell wall 细胞壁Chlamydia 衣原体Chlamydospore 厚膜胞子Cholera toxin,CT 霍乱毒素Chronic infection 慢性感染C.jejuni 空肠弯曲菌Classical biotype 古典生物型Clostridium 梭菌属Coagulase 凝固酶Coccus 球菌Colony 菌落Colonization 定植Complex symmetry 复合对称Conditional pathogen 条件致病菌Conjugation 接合Core polysaccharide 核心多糖Coronavirus 冠状病毒Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌Coxsackievirus 柯萨奇病毒Coxiella burnetii 贝纳柯克斯体C.perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌C.pneumoniae 肺炎衣原体Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌C.tetani 破伤风梭菌C.trachomatis 沙眼衣原体Culture medium 培养基Cytomegalovirus,CMV 巨细胞病毒Cytoplasme 细胞质Cytopathic effect,CPE 细胞病变效应DDarkfeild microscope 暗视野显微镜Decline phase 衰亡期Defective interfering particles,DIP 缺陷干扰颗粒Defective virus 缺陷病毒Dengue virus 登革病毒Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌Diplococcus 双球菌Differential medium 鉴别培养基Disinfectant 消毒剂Disinfection 消毒Dysbacteriosis 菌群失调Dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌EE.aerogenes 产气肠杆菌EB early antigen，EA EB 病毒早期抗原EB nuclear antigen，EBNA EB 病毒核抗原Eclipse period 隐蔽期Ehrlichia 埃立克体属Electron microscope 电子显微镜elementary body 原体El tor biotype Eltor 生物型Encephalitis B virus 乙型脑炎病毒Endogenous infection 内源性感染Endospore 内芽胞Endotoxemia 内毒素血症Endotoxin 内毒素Enteric adenovirus 肠道腺病毒ECHO , Enteric cytopathogenic human orphan virus ECHO病毒EAggEC, Enteroaggregative E.coli 肠凝集性大肠埃希菌EHEC, Enterohemorrhagic E.coli 肠出血性大肠埃希菌EIEC, Enteroinvasive E.coli 肠侵袭性大肠埃希菌EPEC, Enteropathogenic E.coli 肠致病性大肠埃希菌ETEC, Enterotoxigenic E.coli 肠产毒性大肠埃希菌Enterotoxin 肠毒素Enterovirus 肠道病毒Envelope 包膜Epidermolytic toxin 表皮溶解毒素Epidermophyton 表皮癣菌Epstein-Barr virus，EBV EB病毒Erythrogenic toxin 红疹毒素Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Exfoliative toxin,or exfoliatin 表皮剥脱毒素Exogenous infection 外源性感染Exotoxin 外毒素Extracellular bacteria 胞外菌FFacultative anaerobe 兼性厌氧菌Fertility factor,F factor 致育因子Filamentous fungus 丝状菌Filter 滤菌器Filtration 滤过除菌法Fimbriae 菌毛Flagellum 鞭毛Flaviviridae 黄病毒科Forest encephalitis virus 森林脑炎病毒Fractional sterilization 间歇蒸气灭菌法Fungus 真菌GGeneralized infection 全身感染Generalized transduction 普遍性转导Gene transfer 基因转移Genus 菌属Gonococcus 淋球菌Gram stain 革兰染色Growth curve 生长曲线Growth factor 生长因子HHaemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌Hantavirus 汉坦病毒Hantaan virus 汉滩病毒Heat-labile enterotoxin,LT 不耐热肠毒素Heat-stable enterotoxin,ST 耐热肠毒素Heat-stable nuclease 耐热核酸酶Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌Helical symmetry 螺旋对称Hemagglutinin ，HA 血凝素α-hemolytic streptococcus 甲型（α）溶血链球菌β-hemolytic streptococcus 乙性（β）溶血性链菌Hepadnaviridae 嗜肝DNA病毒科HA V, Hepatitis A virus 甲型肝炎病毒HBV, Hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒HCV, Hepatitis C virus 丙型肝炎病毒HDV, Hepatitis D virus 丁型肝炎病毒HEV, hepatitis E virus 戊型肝炎病毒HGV, hepatitis G virus 庚型肝炎病毒Herpesviridae 疱疹病毒科Histoplasma capsulatum 荚膜组织胞浆菌Horizontal transmission 水平传播Herpes simplex virus，HSV 单纯疱疹病毒Heterotroph 异养菌Human cytomegalovirus,HCMV 人巨细胞病毒Human herpes viruses, HHV 人疱疹病毒Human herpesvirus 6, HHV-6 人疱疹病毒6型Human herpesvirus 7,HHV-7 人疱疹病毒7型Human herpesvirus 8, HHV-8 人疱疹病毒8型Human immunodeficiency viru , HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒Human papillomavirus,HPV 人乳头瘤病毒属Human T-cell lymphotropic virus, HTLV 人类嗜T细胞病毒Hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶Hypha 菌丝IIatrogenic infection 医源性感染Icosahedral symmetry 二十面体对称Immortalization 永生化Immune enhancement 免疫促进作用Inactivated vaccine 灭活疫苗Inactivation 灭活Inapparent infection 隐性感染Inclusion bodies 包涵体Infection immunity 传染免疫Influenza virus 流行性感冒病毒Initial body 始体Innate immunity 天然免疫lnsertion sequence, IS 插入序列Integration 整合Interference 干扰现象Interferon 干扰素Invasiveness 侵袭Invasin 侵袭素JJapanese encephalitis virus 日本脑炎病毒KKanagawa phenomenon,KP 神奈川现象klebsiella 克雷伯菌属K.pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌Kuru disease 库鲁病LLatent infection 潜伏感染Latent membrane protein，LMP 潜伏感染膜蛋白Lecithinase 卵磷脂酶Legionella 军团菌属Leptospira 钩端螺旋体Light microscope 光学显微镜L.interrogans 问号状钩端螺旋体Lipid A 脂质A Lipopolysaccharide, LPS 脂多糖Lipoteichoic acid, LTA 脂磷壁酸Liver specific Protein,LSP 肝特异性脂蛋白抗原Logarithmic phase 对数期L. Pneumophila 嗜肺军团菌Lyme disease 莱姆病Lyophilization 冷冻真空干燥法Lysogenic phage 溶原性噬菌体Lysogenic bacterium 溶原性细菌Lysogenic conversion 溶原性转换Lysozyme 溶菌酶MMacrocomidium 大分生孢子Malassezia furfur 秕糠马拉癣菌Matrix prote M1 基质蛋白M1Measles virus 麻疹病毒Median infective dose ID50 半数感染量Median lethal dose LD50 半数致死量Medical microbiology 医学微生物学Medical virology 医学病毒学Membrane antigen，MA 膜抗原Meningococcus 脑膜炎球菌Mesosome 中介体Metachromatic granule 异染颗粒Methicillin resistant S.aureus,MRSA 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌Microaerophilic bacterium 微需氧菌Microbiology 微生物学Microcapsule 微荚膜Microconidium 小分生孢子Microecology 微生态学Microorganism 微生物Microsporum 小孢子癣菌M.leprae 麻风分枝杆菌Mold 霉菌M. Pneumoniae 肺炎支原体M.tuberculosis 结核分枝杆菌Mucor 毛霉Multiple resistance 多种耐药性Mumps virus 腮腺炎病毒Mycelium 菌丝体Mycobacterium 分枝杆菌Mycolic acid 分枝菌酸Mycoplasma 支原体NNegri body 内基小体Negative staining 负染Neisseria 奈瑟菌属Neuraminidase, NA 神经氨酸酶Neurotoxin 神经毒素N.gonorrhoeae 淋病奈瑟菌N.meningitidis 膜炎奈瑟菌Nocardia asteroids 星形诺卡菌Nocardia brasiliensis 巴西诺卡菌Nonpathogenic bacterium,nonpathogen 非病原菌Nonpermissive cells 非容许性细胞Nonspecific immunity 非特异性免疫Nontuberculosis mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌Normal flora 正常菌群Norwalk 诺瓦克病毒Nosocomial infction 医院内感染Nuclear material 核质Nucleoprotein,NP 核蛋白Nuclocapsid 核衣壳Nutrient agar 营养琼脂Nutrient broth 营养肉汤OObligate aerobe 专性需氧菌Obligate anaerobe 专性厌氧菌Old tuberculin,OT 旧结核菌素Opportunistic pathogenesis 机会致病性Ordinary pilus 普通菌毛Orientia 东方体属Orthomyxoviridae 正粘病毒科Outer membrane 外膜Outer membrane protein,OMP 外膜蛋白PP.aeruginasa 铜绿假单胞菌Papovaviridae 乳多空病毒科属Parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒Paramyxoviridae 副粘病毒科Parasite 寄生菌Parvovirus 细小病毒Pasteurization 巴氏消毒法Pathogenic bacterium,pathogen 病原菌Pathogenicity 致病性Penetration 穿入Penton 五邻体Peptostreptococcus 消化链球菌属Peptidoglycan 肽聚糖Permissive cells 容许性细胞Persistent viral infection 持续性病毒感染Phagocytosis 吞噬作用Phagolysome 吞噬溶酶体Phagosome 吞噬体Picornaviridae 小RNA病毒科Pilin 菌毛蛋白Pilus 菌毛Pinocytosis 吞饮作用Pinosome 吞饮体Plaque 噬斑Plaque forming units, pfu 噬斑形成单位Plasmid 质粒Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢菌Pneumococcus 肺炎球菌Poliovirus 脊髓灰质炎病毒Primary atypical pneumonia 原发性非典型性肺Prion ( prion protine,PrP ) 朊粒Prokaryotae 原核生物界Prophage 前噬菌体Proteus 变形杆菌Protopast fusion 原生质体融合Pseudomonas &nbs, p; 假单胞菌属Pure culture 纯培养Purified protein derivative,PPD 纯蛋白衍生物Pyemia 脓毒血症Pyogenic coccus 化脓性球菌Pyogenic streptococcus 化脓性链球菌Pyrogen 热原质Pyrogenic exotoxin 致热外毒素RRabies virus 狂犬病病毒Reassortment 重配Recombination 重组Reovirus 呼肠病毒Resistance transfer factor, RTF 耐药性传递因子Respiratory syscytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒Restricted transduction 局限性转导Reticulate body 网状体Retroviridae 逆转录病毒科Reverse transcriptase 逆转录酶Rhabdoviridae 弹状病毒科Rhinovirus 鼻病毒Ribonucleoprotein,RNP 核糖核蛋白Ribosome 核糖体Rickettsia 立克次体Rotavirus &am, p;nb, sp; 轮状病毒Rough colony 粗糙型菌落R.prowazekii 普氏立克次体R.tsutsugamushi 恙虫病东方体R.typhi 斑疹伤寒立克次体Rubella virus 风疹病毒SSalmonella 沙门菌属Samonellosis 沙门菌病S.boydii 鲍氏志贺菌S.dysenteriae 痢疾志贺菌Septicemia 败血症Serological diagnosis 血清学诊断Sex pilus 性菌毛S.flexneri 福氏志贺菌Shigella 志贺菌属Shiga-like toxin,SLT 志贺样毒素S.hirschfeldii 希氏沙门菌Slow virus infection 慢发病毒感染Small round structured virus,SRSV 小园形结构化病毒Smooth colony 光滑型菌落S.paratyphi A 甲型副伤寒沙门菌Specific immunity 特异性免疫Specific polysaccharide 特异多糖Spike 刺突Spiral bacterium 螺形菌Spirochete 螺旋体S.pneumoniae 肺炎链球菌Spore 芽胞S.schottmuelleri 肖氏沙门菌S.sonnei 宋内氏志贺菌Staphylococcus 葡萄球菌属Staphylococcal protein A ,SPA 葡萄球菌A蛋白Staphylolysin 葡萄球菌溶素Sterilization 灭菌Stormy fermentation 汹涌发酵Strain 菌株Streptococcal fibrinolysin 链球菌溶纤维蛋白酶Streptococcus 链球菌属γ-streptococcus 丙型（γ）链球菌Streptodornase,SD 链道酶Streptokinase,SK 链激酶StreptolysinO, SLO 链球菌溶素O StreptolysinS, SLS 链球菌溶素SS.typhi 伤寒沙门菌Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, SSPE 亚急性硬化性全脑炎Subclinical infection 亚临床感染Subvirus 亚病毒Sulfur granule 硫磺样颗粒Superinfection 重迭感染TTCID50 (50%tissue culture infective dose) 半数组织感染剂量Teichoic acid 磷壁酸Temperate phage 温和噬菌体Temperature sensitive mutant 温度敏感突变株Tetani 破伤风Tetanospasmin 破伤风痉挛毒素Tetanus antitoxin,TAT 破伤风抗毒素Titer 效价或滴度Togaviridae 披膜病毒科Toxemia 毒血症Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1,TSST-1 毒性休克毒素综合征毒素-IToxin 毒素Toxoid 类毒素Treponema pallidium 苍白密螺旋体Transduction 转导Transformation 转化Transposon, Tn 转座子Trichophyton 毛癣菌Tubercle bacilli 结核杆菌Type 型Typhoid fever,or enteric fever 肠热症UUncoating 脱壳Ureaplasma.Urealyticum 溶脲脲原体VVaccine 疫苗Varicella-zoster virus VZV 水痘-带状疱疹病毒Verotoxin vero 毒素Vertical transmission 垂直传播Vibrio 弧菌属Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌Virion 病毒体Viroid 类病毒Virology 病毒学Virulence 毒力Virulent phage 毒性噬菌体Virus 病毒V.parahemolyticus 副溶血性弧菌WWall teichoic acid 壁磷壁酸Weil-Felix reaction 外斐反应Widal reaction 肥达反应YYeast 酵母菌Yeast-Like fungus 类酵母菌Yersinia pestis 鼠疫耶尔森菌ZZones of inhibition 抑菌圈Zoonosis 动物源性疾病微生物学microbiology病毒学virology噬菌体学bacteriophagology细菌学bacteriology鉴定细菌学determinative bacteriology系统细菌学systematic bacteriology真菌学mycology原生生物学protistology原生动物学protozoology普通微生物学general microbilogy微生物分类学microbial taxonomy微生物生理学microbial physiology微生物生物化学microbial biochemistry微生物遗传学microbial genetics微生物生态学microbial ecology古微生物学paleomicrobiology 土壤微生物学soil microbiology水生微生物学aquatic microbiology海洋微生物学marine microbiology悉生生物学gnotobiology医学微生物学medical microbiology兽医微生物学veterinary microbiology农业微生物学agriculturalmicrobiology工业微生物学industrial microbiology石油微生物学petroleum microbiology食品微生物学food microbiology乳品微生物学diary microbiology瘤胃微生物学rumen microbiology诊断微生物学diagnostic microbiology病原学etiology国际微生物学会联合会InternationalUnion of Microbiological Societies,IUMS中国微生物学会Chinese Society forMicrobiology, CSM世界培养物保藏协会World Federationfor Culture Collection, WFCC中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会China Committee for Culture Collectionof Microorganisms, CCCCM美国模式培养物保藏所American Type Culture Collection, A TCC自然发生说，无生源说spontaneous generation, abiogenesis原界urkingdom始祖生物progenote古始生物界archetista古细菌archaebacteria原生生物protista原生动物protozoan原生植物protophyte真核生物eukaryote原核生物prokaryote裂殖植物schizophyte微生物microorganism数值分类法numerical taxonomy模式目type order模式科type family模式属type genus模式种type species模式株type strain真菌fungi捕食真菌predacious fungi虫道真菌ambrosia fungi地下真菌hypogeal fungi虫生真菌entomogenous fungi菌根真菌mycorrhizal fungi木腐菌wood-decay fungi霉菌mold, mould半知菌imperfect fungi子囊菌ascomycetes粘菌slime mold, slime mould壶菌chytrid卵菌oomycetes接合菌zygomycetes担子菌basidiomycetes核菌pyrenomycetes盘菌cup fungi块菌truffles锈菌rust fungi蘑菇mushrooms毒蘑菇poisonous mushroom酵母菌yeast无孢子酵母菌asporogenous yeasts有孢子酵母菌sporogenous yeasts黑粉菌smut fungi双态性真菌dimorphic fungi毛外癣菌ectothrix毛内癣菌endothrix完全真菌perfect fungi黑粉病smut disease 锈病rust disease菌丝hypha菌髓trama假菌丝体pseudomycelium气生菌丝体aerial mycelium基内菌丝体substrate mycelium球拍状菌丝体racquet mycelium结节状菌丝nodular mycelium梳状菌丝pectinafe mycelium螺旋菌丝spiral mycelium匍匐菌丝stolon次生菌丝体secondary mycelium有隔菌丝septate hypha无隔菌丝nonseptate hypha#p#分页标题#e#生殖菌丝体reproductive mycelium营养菌丝体vegetative mycelium不育菌丝体sterile mycelium菌丝体mycelium黄癣菌丝favic chandelier mycelium产囊丝ascogenous hypha产囊体ascogonium原植体thallus粘菌体aethalium合胞体syncytium虫菌体hyphal body盾状体clypeus子实体fruiting body产孢体gleba子实层体hymenophore子实层hymenium子实下层subhymenium菌丝层subiculum菌丝段hyphal fragment菌丝束coremium菌丝索funiculus菌核sclerotium器菌核pycnosclerotium菌环annulus菌裙indusium菌盖pileus顶体apicle藏卵器oogonium雄器antheridium[锈菌]性孢子器pycnium锈子器aecium精子器spermogonium囊状体cystidium粉孢子梗oidiophore小梗sterigma接合孢子柄zygosporophore孢囊柄sporangiophore配囊柄suspensor孢子梗sporophore分生孢子梗conidiophore雄器柄androphore帚状枝penicillus瓶梗phialide梗基metulae芽孔germ pore芽管germ tube芽缝germ slit孢丝capillitium周丝periphysis类周丝periphysoid侧丝paraphysis拟侧丝pseudoparaphysis类侧丝paraphysoid[孢子]外壁exosporium外生菌根ectomycorrhiza内生菌根endomycorrhiza内外生菌根ectendomycorrhiza泡囊丛枝菌根vesicular-arbuscularmycorrhiza刺突spike弹丝elater刚毛seta微体microbody泡囊vesicle隔膜septum假隔膜pseudoseptum分生孢子盘acervulus分生孢子座sporodochium精子团spermatium囊基膜hypothallus囊层基hypothecium囊层被epithecium囊间丝hamathecium囊托apophysis囊领collarette囊轴columella孔口ostiole菌托volva孢子角cirrus孢子球spore ball孢子印spore print聚簇cluster[菌丝]融合anastomosis[孢子]切落abjunction[孢子]缢断abstriction多态[现象] polymorphism缢缩[作用] constriction粉孢子oidium孢子spore掷孢子ballistospore厚壁孢子chlamydospore环痕孢子annellospore节孢子arthrospore卷旋孢子helicospore腊肠形孢子allantospore孔出孢子porospore星形孢子staurospore线形孢子scolecospore砖格孢子dictyospore侧生孢子aleuriospore芽生孢子blastospore瓶梗孢子phialospore无梗孢子thallospore分生孢子conidium大分生孢子macroconidium小分生孢子microconidium节分生孢子arthroconidium芽分生孢子blastoconidium器孢子pycnidiospore无隔孢子amerospore双胞孢子didymospore多隔孢子phragmospore休眠孢子hypnospore顶生孢子acrospore顶生厚壁孢子fuseau内分生孢子endoconidium担孢子basidiospore双孢担孢子dispore同形孢子isospore柄生孢子stylospore[锈菌]性孢子pycniospore产雄器孢子androspore锈孢子aeciospore夏孢子urediniospore, aeciospore 冬孢子teliospore四分孢子tetraspore粘孢子myxospore#p#分页标题#e# 多核孢子coenospore孢囊孢子sporangiospore子囊孢子ascospore多核细胞coenocyte分生孢子果conidiocarp分生孢子器pycnidium孢[子]囊sporangium柱孢子囊merosporangium四分孢子囊tetrasporangium原孢子囊prosporangium多核孢子囊coenosporangium休眠孢子囊hypnosporangium子囊ascus接合孢子zygospore 拟接合孢子azygospore原囊壁子囊prototunicate ascus单囊壁子囊unitunicate ascus双囊壁子囊bitunicate ascus子囊果ascocarp子囊壳perithecium闭囊壳cleistothecium闭囊果cleistocarp盘状子囊果discocarp孢囊果sporangiocarp[接]合子zygote单性合子azygote多核合子coenozygote异形合子heterozygote合子核zygotonucleus游动合子planozygote担子basidium半担子hemibasidium隔担子heterobasidium无隔担子holobasidium有隔担子phragmobasidium内生担子endobasidium原担子protobasidium上担子epibasidium下担子hypobasidium同担子homobasidium担子果basidiocarp担子体basidiophore配子gamete原配子progamete雄配子androgamete雄核发育androgenesis同形配子isogamete异形配子heterogamete游动配子zoogamete多核配子coenogamete配子囊gametangium配子母细胞gametocyte同形配子囊isogametangium原配子囊progametangium小孢子囊sporangiole微包囊microcyst足细胞foot cell脚胞foot cell固着器holdfast附着枝hyphopodium吸盘sucker锁状细胞clamp cell锁状联合clamp connection偶核细胞zeugite卵球oosphere卵质ooplasm孢原质sporoplasm卵配子oogamete卵孢子oospore球状胞sphaerocyst子囊腔locule子囊盘apothecium子囊座ascostroma缝裂壳hysterothecium下子座hypostroma包被peridium子座stroma壳心centrum拟包被pseudoperidium无融合生殖apomixis同宗配合homothallism准性生殖parasexuality异宗配合heterothallism同配生殖isogamy异配生殖heterogamy无配生殖apogamy配囊交配gametangial copulation交配型mating type全型holomorph夏孢子期uredostage冬孢子堆teleutosorus, telium夏孢子堆uredinium子囊孢子形成ascosporulation孢子形成sporulation细菌bacteria薄壁[细]菌类gracilicutes硬壁[细]菌类fermicutes疵壁[细]菌类mendosicutes无壁[细]菌类tenericutes柔膜细菌mollicutes真细菌eubacteria暗细菌scotobacteria无氧光细菌anoxyphotobacteria生氧光细菌oxyphotobacteria放线菌actinomycetes螺[旋]菌spirilla粘细菌slime bacteria鞘细菌sheathed bacteria柄细菌caulobacteria弧菌vibrio根瘤细菌root nodule bacteria硫酸盐还原菌sulfate reducting bacteria硫细菌sulfur bacteria铁细菌iron bacteria紫色无硫细菌purple nonsulfur bacteria产甲烷菌methanogen硝化细菌nitrobacteria反硝化细菌denitrifying bacteria固氮细菌nitrogen fixing bacteria#p#分页标题#e#甲基营养菌methylotrophic bacteria产乙酸菌acetogen同型[产]乙酸细菌homoacetogenic bacteria光合作用细菌photosynthetic bacteria 产氢产乙酸细菌hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria同型发酵乳酸菌homofermentative lactic bacteria异型发酵乳酸菌heterofermentative lactic bacteria产氢菌hydrogenogens产气菌aerogen不产气菌anaerogen发光细菌luminous bacteria产色细菌chromogenic bacteria化能异养菌chemoheterotrophic bacteria化能自养菌chemoautotrophic bacteria 光能异养菌photoheterotrophic bacteria 光能自养菌photoautotrophic bacteria 化能有机营养菌chemoorganotrophic bacteria化能无机营养菌chemolithotrophic bacteria光能有机营养菌photoorganotrophic bacteria光能无机营养菌photolithotrophic bacteria有机营养菌organotrophic bacteria无机营养菌lithotrophic bacteria贫[营]养细菌oligotrophic bacteria一氧化碳营养菌carboxydotrophic bacteria自养菌autotrophic bacteria异养菌heterotrophic bacteria光养菌phototrophic bacteria需氧菌aerobe微需氧菌microaerobe耐氧菌aerotorelant bacteria厌氧菌anaerobe兼性厌氧菌facultative anaerobe专性厌氧菌obligate anaerobe溶原性细菌lysogenic bacteria腐生菌saprophytic bacteria苛求菌fastidious microorganism极端细菌extreme bacteria嗜压菌barophilic bacteria嗜盐菌halophilic bacteria嗜铁菌siderophilic bacteria 嗜高渗细菌osmophilic bacteria微嗜氮菌oligonitrophilic bacteria嗜冷[细]菌psychrophilic bacteria嗜酸菌acidophilic bacteria嗜硫菌thiophilic bacteria中温菌mesophilic bacteria耐热细菌thermophilric bacteria氢营养菌hydrogenotrophic bacteria肠道细菌intestinal bacteria类菌体bacteroid细菌小体bacteriosome微生子gonidium蓝细菌cyanobacteria[蓝细菌]连锁体hormogonium类囊体thylakoid藻胆蛋白体phycobilisome静息孢子akinete滑行gliding异形[囊]胞heterocyst化学型chemotype化学变型chemovar血清型serotype血清变型serovar致病型pathotype致病变型pathovar生物型biotype生物变型biovar形态型morphotype形态变型morphovar革兰氏阳性菌Gram-positive bacteria革兰氏阴性菌Gram-negative bacteria球菌coccus双球菌diplococcus四联球菌tetrads八叠球菌sarcina球杆菌coccobacillus杆菌rod双杆菌diplobacillus棒状菌corynebacteria[细菌]毛状体trichome单鞭毛菌monotricha周[鞭]毛菌peritricha丛[鞭]毛菌lophotricha两端单[鞭]毛菌amphitrichate单端丛[鞭]毛菌cephalotricha滑行细菌gliding bacteria细菌L-型L-form of bacterium菌落colony酵母型菌落yeast type colony类酵母型菌落yeast like colony次生菌落secondary colony粗糙型菌落rough colony光滑型菌落smooth colony丝状型菌落filamentous type colony子菌落daughter colony深层菌落deep colony粘液型菌落mucoid colony#p#分页标题#e#巨大菌落giant colony侏儒型菌落dwarf colony菌苔lawn菌胶团zoogloea菌膜pellicle[菌]醭mycoderm, pellicle群游现象swarming菌柄stipe[菌体]附器appendage鞭毛flagellum周质鞭毛periplasmic flagella轴丝axial filament菌毛pilus性丝sex pilus外生孢子exospore内生孢子endospore芽孢spore芽孢形成sporulation终端芽孢terminal spore近端芽孢subterminal spore中生芽孢central spore前芽孢forespore[芽孢]皮层cortex芽孢外膜exitine芽孢内膜intine外壁exine伴胞晶体parasporal crystal菌蜕ghost鞘sheath荚膜capsule粘液层slime layer微荚膜microcapsule壁膜间隙periplasmic space原生质体protoplast原生质球spheroplast气泡gas vacuole甲烷粒体methanochondria间体mesosome载色体chromatophore鞭毛基体flagellar basal body异染质volutin异染粒matachromatic granules致死颗粒killer particle紫膜purple membrane噬菌体bacteriophage无囊盖类inoperculatae超显微微生物ultramicroscopic organism真菌噬菌体mycophage噬藻体phycophage烈性噬菌体virulent phage温和噬菌体temperate phage前原噬菌体preprophage原噬菌体prophage隐性前噬菌体cryptic prophage营养期噬菌体vegetative phage载体噬菌体carrier phageλ噬菌体lambda particles phage [可]诱导噬菌体inducible phage同源免疫噬菌体homoimmune phage 噬菌体分型bacteriophage typing噬菌体型phagetype噬菌体变型phagevar噬斑plaque[噬菌体]聚合头部polyhead[噬菌体]聚合尾鞘polysheath[噬菌体]伞毛fimbrium[噬菌体]颈须whisker[噬菌体]先导蛋白pilot protein[噬菌体]尾丝抗原fiber antigen[噬菌体]顶体apex[噬菌体]基片插孔base-plate hub[噬菌体]基片丝base-plate fibril[噬菌体]基片楔突base-plate wedge [噬菌体]串联体concatemer[噬菌体]颈部collar[噬菌体]顶部壳粒apical capsomere [噬菌体]尾丝tail fiber[噬菌体]畸形体monster[噬菌体]颈圈connector[噬菌体]髓部core[噬菌体]头部head[噬菌体]尾部tail[噬菌体]尾管tail tube[噬菌体]尾鞘tail sheath类病毒viroid病毒virus真病毒euvirus亚病毒subvirus原病毒provirus拟病毒virusoid卫星病毒satellite virus假型病毒pseudotype virus慢病毒slow virus辅助病毒helper virus过客病毒passenger virus多分体病毒multicomponent virus昆虫痘病毒entomopox virus, EPV 颗粒体症病毒granulosis virus, GV多角体病毒polyhedrosis virus核型多角体病毒nuclear polyhedrosisvirus, NPV质型多角体病毒cytoplasmicpolyhedrosis virus,CPV多粒包埋型病毒multiple embeddedvirus单粒包埋型病毒singly embedded virus伴随病毒associated virus浓核病毒densovirus,DNV内源病毒endogenous virus潜伏病毒latent virus肠道病毒enterovirus艾柯病毒ECHO virus虫媒病毒arbovirus腺病毒adenovirus#p#分页标题#e#腺伴随病毒adeno associated virus真菌病毒mycovirus肿瘤病毒oncovirus逆[转]录病毒retro virus坏死病毒necrosis virus虹彩病毒irido virus泛嗜性病毒pantropic virus毒株strain原[生小]体elementary body包含体inclusion body顾氏小体Guarnieri's bodies内氏小体Negri's body病毒[粒]体virion裸露病毒[粒]体naked virion假病毒体pseudovirion立体对称cubical symmetry二十面体对称icosahedral symmetry螺旋对称helical symmetry[病毒]五邻体pentomer,pentons[病毒]六邻体hexonmer,hexons复合对称complex symmetry包膜突起peplomerbody包膜envelope, peplos蛋白质包膜protein envelope[病毒]包膜抗原envelope antigen[病毒]壳体capsid[病毒]壳粒capsomer, capsomere二十面[体]壳体icosahedron capsid核心core核壳nucleocapsid病毒原质体viroplasma病毒束virus bundle多角体polyhedron多角体蛋白polyhedrin颗粒体granule颗粒体蛋白granulin类核nucleoid内含颗粒inclusion granuleX体X-body[病毒]早期蛋白early protein[病毒]晚期蛋白late protein负链negative strand正链positive strand复制子replicon病毒发生基质virogenic stroma衣原体chlamydia[衣原体]始体initial body立克次氏体rickettsia假肽聚糖pseudopeptidoglycan肽聚糖peptidoglycan磷壁酸teichoic acid胞壁酸muramic acid2,6-吡啶二羧酸dipicolinic acid, DPA脂多糖类lipopolysaccharides多糖包被glycocalyx鞭毛蛋白flagellin菌毛蛋白pilin杀白细胞素leucocidin豆血红蛋白leghaemoglobin藻胆蛋白phycobiliprotein藻青蛋白phycocyanin藻红蛋白phycoerythrin藻青素cyanophycin藻蓝素algocyan, leucocyan藻胆素phycobilin藻红[胆]素phycoerythrobilin藻蓝胆素phycocyanobilin藻青素颗粒cyanophycin granule别藻蓝素allophycocyanin类葫萝卜素carotenoids细菌淀粉粒granulose聚β羟基丁酸盐poly-β-hydroxybutyrate葡萄球菌A蛋白staphylococcal proteinA, SPA纯化蛋白衍生物purified proteinderivative, PPD[葡萄球菌]凝固酶staphylocoagulaseβ[细胞]溶素β-lysinα淀粉酶α-amylase通透酶permease胞内酶intracellular enzyme胞外酶extracellular enzyme果胶酶pectinase逆[转]录酶reverse transcriptase凝固酶coagulase受体破坏酶receptor destroying enzyme,RDE透明质酸酶hyaluronidase纤维素酶cellulase链道酶streptodornase,SD链激酶streptokinase,SK神经氨酸酶neuraminidase青霉素酶penicillinase溶菌酶lysozyme[细菌]紫膜质bacteriorhodopsin菌紫素bacteriopurpurin[细]菌[叶]绿素bacteriochlorophyll 自溶素autolysin亲菌素bacteriotropin攻击素aggressin抑殖素ablastin粘附素adhesin菌红素bacterioerythrin灵菌毒素prodigiosus toxin细菌素bacteriocin麻风菌素lepromin葡萄球菌素staphylococcin伞菌氨酸agarfitine苏云金菌素thuricin#p#分页标题#e# 肠球菌素enterococcin布氏菌素brucellin大肠菌素colicin, colicine丁香假单胞菌素syringacin黄色粘球菌素xanthacin链球菌素streptocin流产菌素abortin绿脓[菌]素pyocyanin红假单胞菌素rhodopseudomonacin 绿脓菌荧光素pyofluorescein白喉毒素diphtheria toxin杯伞素clitocybine白细胞溶素leucolysin表皮溶解毒素epidermolytic toxin产气荚膜梭菌素perfringocin肠毒素enterotoxin毒蝇碱muscarine肺炎球菌毒素pneumotoxin鬼笔[毒]环肽phalloidin根霉蝶呤rhizopterin肺炎[链]球菌溶血素pneumolysin黑粉菌酸ustilagic acid分枝菌酸mycolic acid齿孔酸eburicoic acid根霉促进素rhizopin蘑菇素agaricin蘑菇酸agaricinic acid红斑毒素erythrogenic toxin黄曲霉毒素aflatoxin 菌丝酰胺mycelianamide绿脓杆菌溶血素pyocyanolysin葡萄球菌溶血毒素staphylolysin真菌毒素mycotoxin曲霉毒素aspertoxin赭曲毒素ochratoxin曲酸kojic acid破伤风[菌]痉挛毒素tetanospasmin溶葡萄球菌素lysostaphin破伤风[菌]溶血素tetanolysin溶纤维蛋白溶酶fibrinolysin溶血素hemolysin鼠疫菌素pesticin神经毒素neurotoxin杀[细]菌素bactericidin外毒素exotoxin内毒素endotoxin细菌毒素bacteriotoxin血凝素hemagglutinin杂色曲霉素A versicolorin A柄曲霉素sterigmatocystin毒植物素phytotoxin真菌醇mykol链球菌溶血素streptolysin剥脱性毒素exfoliative toxin细菌荧光素bacteriofluorescein[放线菌]土臭味素geosmins土壤杆菌素agrobacteriocin产甲烷[作用] methanogenesis生物转化bioconversion生长因子growth factor420 因子factor 420V 因子V factorX 因子X factor辅酶M coenzyme M微量营养micronutrient特需营养要求型idiotroph微[量]动[力]作用oligodynamic action抗代谢物antimetabolites索状因子cord factor异株克生物质allelopathic substances光能无机营养photolithotrophy光能有机营养photoorganotrophy化能无机营养chemolithotrophy化能有机营养chemoorganotrophy光营养phototrophy兼性营养amphitrophy腐生营养saprophytic nutrition甲基营养methylotrophy化能营养chemotrophy自养autotrophy光能自养photoautotrophy化能自养chemoautotrophy半自养mesotrophy异养heterotrophy氮平衡nitrogen balance碳平衡carbon balance磷平衡phosphorus balance同化作用assimilation异化作用dissimilation氨化作用ammonification硝化作用nitrification反硝化作用denitrification固氮作用nitrogen fixation非共生固氮作用asymbiotic nitrogenfixation光同化作用photo-assimilation巴氏效应Pasteur effect葡萄糖效应glucose effect种间分子氢转移interspecies H transfer发酵fermentation发酵[能]力fermentation capacity可发酵性fermentability同型发酵homofermentation异型发酵heterofermentation厌氧消化anaerobic digestion厌氧呼吸anaerobic respiration厌氧生活anaerobiosis需氧呼吸aerobic respiration需氧生活aerobiosis反馈抑制feed back inhibition内源变量endogenenous variable异养潜能heterotrophic potential溶菌丝作用hypholytic action溶菌作用bacteriolysis费氏[溶菌]现象Pfeiffer's phenomenon自溶[现象] autolysis裂殖schizogenesis芽殖budding二分分裂binary fission不等分裂unequal fission断裂fragmentation复分裂multiple fission隐蔽期eclipse period比生长速率specific growth rate同步生长synchronous growth双峰生长曲线diauxie growth curve延滞期lag phase一步生长[曲线] one step growth时间-存活曲线time-survival curve倍增时间doubling time指数生长exponential growth衰亡期decline phase稳定期stationary phase。
微生物学专业词汇
一、表示数量的词素1. haplo,mono,uni ：单，一，独 haploid 单倍体 monoxide一氧化碳 monoatomic单原子的2. bi,di,dipl,twi,du ：二，双，两，偶 biocolor 双色,dichromatic 双色的,diplobacillus 双杆菌；dikaryon 双核体；twin 孪生；dual 双重的3. tri :三，丙triangle三角triacylglycerol三酰甘油tricarboxylic acid cycle 三羧酸循环4. quadri,quadru,quart,tetr,tetra：四quadrilateral四边的quadrivalent四价的quadruped四足动物tetrode四极管tetracycline四环素5. pent,penta,quique五pentose戊糖pentagon五角形pentane戊烷quintuple 五倍的pentose戊糖pentomer五邻粒6. hex,hexa,sex 六hexose已糖hexapod六足动物hexapoda昆虫纲hexamer六聚体7. hepta,sept(i) 七heptane 庚烷heptose 庚糖heptoglobin七珠蛋白8. oct八octpus 章鱼octagon八角形octane 辛烷octase 辛糖9. enne,nona九nonapeptide 九肽enneahedron 九面体10. deca,deka 十:decapod 十足目动物decahedron 十面体decagram 十克11. hecto, 百hectometer百米 hectoliter百升hectowatt 百瓦12. kilo,千kilodalton (KD) 千道尔顿kilobase 千碱基kiloelectron volt 千电子伏特13. deci,十分之一，分decimeter 分米decigram 十分之一克14. centi,百分之一15. milli,千分之一，毫millimole 毫摩（尔）milliliter 毫升16. micro,百万分之一，微，微小，微量microgram微克microogranism微生物microecology微生态学micropipet微量移液器17. nano十亿分之一，毫微，纳nanosecond十亿分之一秒nanometer纳米18. demi,hemi,semi半demibariel 半桶hemicerebrum 大脑半球semiopaque半透明semi-allel半等位基因semi-conductor半导体19. holo 全，整体，完全holoenzyme 全酶holoprotein全蛋白holocrine全（质分）泌20. mega巨大，兆，百万megaspore大孢子，megabasse兆碱基megakaryocyte巨核细胞megavolt兆伏megalopolitan特大城市21. macro 大，巨大，多macrophage巨噬细胞macrogamete大配子macroelement常量元素macromolecular大分子22. poly,multi,mult 多，复合polyacrylate聚丙烯酸酯polymerase 聚合酶multichain多链的multinucleate 多核的multicistronic mRNA多顺反子mRNA multicopy多拷贝二、表示颜色的词素1 chrom颜色 chromophore生色团chromosome染色体chromatography色谱法2 melan,melano,nigr 黑melanoma黑素瘤melanin黑色素melanophore黑色素细胞3 xantho,flavo,fla,flavi,lute黄xanthophyl叶黄素xanthous黄色的，黄色人种xathine黄嘌呤flavin(e)黄素flavone黄酮letein黄体素，叶黄素flavin adenine dinucleotide(FAD)黄素腺嘌呤二核苷酸4 erythro, rub, rubrm, ruf,红erythrocyte红细胞erythromycin红霉素erythropoitin(EPO)促红细胞生成素5 chloro,chlor绿，氯chlorophyll叶绿素chloride氯化物chloramphenicol氯霉素6 cyan,cyano 蓝，青紫色，氰cyanophyceae 蓝藻纲cyanobacteria蓝细菌cyanide氰化物7 aur,glid,chrys金色aureomycin金霉素chrysose 金藻淀粉chrysanthemum菊花glidstone 金沙石glid 镀金8 leu,leuco,leuk,leuko,blan,alb无色，白色leucine亮氨酸leukaemia=leucosis白血病bleaching powder漂白粉albomycin白霉素三、表示摄食的词素1 -vore 食......动物，-vorous食......动物的algivore食藻动物carnivore 食肉动物herbivore 食草动物omnivore 杂食动物2-phage吃（食）食......生物（体）-phagous吃（食）......的phage噬菌体phagocyte 吞噬细胞zoophage食肉动物saprophage腐食者四表示方位和程度的词素1 endo,ento,内，在内endocrine内分泌endocytosis胞吞作用endogamy近亲繁殖endolysin内溶素entoderm内胚层2 ec, ect, exc, extra 外，外面，表面ectoblast外胚层ectoparasite 外寄生生物extract 抽取，浸出3 meso 中，中间mesosphere 中圈，中层mesoplast 中胚层质4 intra,intro,inter 在内，向内intra-allelic interaction 等位基因内相互作用intracellular（细）胞内的interurban城市之间5 centri,centro,medi,mid 中心，中央，中间centrifuge离心centriole 中心粒centrosome 中心体centrogeng着丝基因6 epi,peri 上，外，旁epidermal growth factor(EGF): 表皮生长因子epibranchial上鳃的perilune近月点7 sub,suc,suf,sug 下，低，小suborder 亚目submucosa粘膜下层subclone亚克隆subcellular亚细胞subsection小节，分部8 super,supra 上，高，超superconductor超导体superfluid 超流体superoxide 超氧化物supramolecular超分子的9 hyper 超过，过多hypersensitive 过敏的hyperelastic 超弹性的hypertension 高血压hyperploid 超倍体10 hypo下，低，次hypoglycaemia 低血糖hypotension低血压hypophysis脑下垂体11 iso 等，相同，同iso-osmotic等渗的isopod等足目动物isotope同位素12 oligo，olig少，低，寡，狭oligohaline 狭盐性oligogene寡基因oligomer寡聚体oligophagous寡食性oligarchy寡头政治13 eury 多，宽，广eurythermal 广温的euryhaline广盐性eurytopic species广幅种14 ultr 超ultra-acoustics 超声学ultra-structure超微结构ultroviolet紫外线15 infra 下，低，远infralittoral 潮下带，远岸的infrahuman类人生物infrared红外线的infrastructure基础结构，基本结构五表示动物不同器官和组织的词素1 cephal,capit,cran 头，头颅2 cyte 细胞3 carn,my,mya,myo,肉，肌肉4 haem,haemat,hem,aem,sangul 血5 soma,corp 体，身体6 some,plast 体，颗粒7 hepa,hepat 肝heparin 肝素hepatopancreas肝胰腺hepatocyte 肝细胞hepatoma肝癌8 ren,nephr 肾adrnal肾上腺的nephridia肾管nephron肾单位9 card,cord 心cardiotoxin 心脏毒素cardiovascular center 心血管中枢electrocardiogra m心电图concord一致，和谐10 ophthalm,ocell,ocul 眼ophthalmology眼科学ophthalmia眼炎ophthalmologist眼科专家11 branchi 鳃filibranch丝鳃lamellibrnch瓣鳃sencondary branchium次生鳃12 brac ,brachi 腕，手臂brachiolaria 短腕幼虫brachionectin臂粘连蛋白bracelet手镯13 dent,odont 牙齿dentin牙质odontphora 齿舌odontoblast成牙质细胞14 plum羽plumatus 羽状的plumule绒毛plumage （鸟的）羽毛15 foli,foil 叶follicle滤泡foiling叶形foliage 叶子foliose 多叶的常用的后缀后缀在缀合法中只起改变词性的作用，不改变词根的含意，这在第一章内已叙述。
医学微生物学常用英语词汇（1）
（有*号者供五年制同学使⽤）AAbortive infection 顿挫感染* Absorption 吸附* Acid-fast bacilli 抗酸杆菌Acquired immunity 获得性免疫* Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome，AIDS 获得性免疫缺陷综合征* Actinomyces 放线菌属Acute infection 急性感染* Adenovirus 腺病毒Adhesin 粘附素A.flavus 黄曲霉A. israelii ⾐⽒放线菌* Anaerobic bacteria 厌氧性细菌Anaerobic medium 厌氧培养基Antibody dependent enhancement,ADE 抗体依赖的促进作⽤Antigenic drift 抗原漂移Antigenic shift 抗原性转换* Antisepsis 防腐* Antistreptolysin O (ASO) test, 抗链球菌溶素O试验Antiviral protein,AVP 抗病毒蛋⽩Apoptosis 细胞凋亡* Apparent infection 显性感染Arbovirus ⾍媒病毒* Artificial active immunization ⼈⼯主动免疫* Artificial passive immunization ⼈⼯被动免疫* Asepsis ⽆菌Aspergillus 曲霉* Assembly and release 装备与释放* Astrovirus 星状病毒Autotroph ⾃养菌* Attenuated vaccine 减毒疫苗B* Bacillus 杆菌、芽胞杆菌属* Bacillus anthracis 炭疽芽胞杆菌Bacillus cereus 蜡样芽胞杆菌* Bacteremia 菌⾎症Bacterial infection 细菌感染* Bacterial L form 细菌L型* Bacteriocin 细菌素* Bacteriophage 噬菌体* Bacterium 细菌Bartonella 巴尔通体属* Bacteriodes fragilis 脆弱类杆菌Bifidobacterium 双歧杆菌属* Binary fission ⼆分裂B.hanselae 汉赛巴尔通体* Bioproduct ⽣物制品* Biosynthesis ⽣物合成Biotype ⽣物型* Biovar trachoma 沙眼⽣物亚种Blastospore 芽⽣胞⼦* Borrelia burgdoyferi 伯⽒疏螺旋体* Botulin ⾁毒毒素Bovine spongiform encephalopathy,BSE ⽜海绵状脑病(疯⽜病)* Bordetella pertussis 百⽇咳鲍特菌* Brucella 布鲁菌属Burkitt，s lymphoma,BL 伯基特淋巴瘤C* Candida albicans ⽩假丝酵母菌* Calicivirus 杯状病毒Campylobacter 弯曲菌属* Capsid ⾐壳Capsomere 壳粒* Capsule 荚膜* Carrier 带菌者* Carrier state 带菌状态Cat scratch disease, CSD 猫抓病* C.botulinum ⾁毒梭菌C.difficile 艰难梭菌Cell membrane 细胞膜Cellular microbiology 细胞微⽣物学Cell wall 细胞壁* Chlamydia ⾐原体Chlamydospore 厚膜胞⼦Cholera toxin,CT 霍乱毒素* Chronic infection 慢性感染C.jejuni 空肠弯曲菌* Classical biotype 古典⽣物型* Clostridium 梭菌属* Coagulase 凝固酶* Coccus 球菌* Colony 菌落Colonization 定植Complex symmetry 复合对称* Conditional pathogen 条件致病菌* Conjugation 接合Core polysaccharide 核⼼多糖Coronavirus 冠状病毒* Corynebacterium diphtheriae ⽩喉棒状杆菌* Coxsackievirus 柯萨奇病毒* Coxiella burnetii 贝纳柯克斯体* C.perfringens 产⽓荚膜梭菌* C.pneumoniae 肺炎⾐原体* Cryptococcus neoformans 新⽣隐球菌* C.tetani 破伤风梭菌* C.trachomatis 沙眼⾐原体* Culture medium 培养基* Cytomegalovirus,CMV 巨细胞病毒Cytoplasme 细胞质* Cytopathic effect,CPE 细胞病变效应D* Darkfeild microscope 暗视野显微镜Decline phase 衰亡期Defective interfering particles,DIP 缺陷⼲扰颗粒* Defective virus 缺陷病毒* Dengue virus 登⾰病毒* Dermatophytes ⽪肤癣菌* Diplococcus 双球菌Differential medium 鉴别培养基* Disinfectant 消毒剂* Disinfection 消毒* Dysbacteriosis 菌群失调* Dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌。
医学微生物学常用英语词汇知识整合
医学微生物学常用英语词汇(供七年制和五年制使用)刘晶星编病原生物学教研室2002．4医学微生物学常用英语词汇（有*号者供五年制同学使用）AAbortive infection 顿挫感染* Absorption 吸附* Acid-fast bacilli 抗酸杆菌Acquired immunity 获得性免疫* Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome，AIDS 获得性免疫缺陷综合征* Actinomyces 放线菌属Acute infection 急性感染* Adenovirus 腺病毒Adhesin 粘附素A.flavus 黄曲霉A. israelii 衣氏放线菌* Anaerobic bacteria 厌氧性细菌Anaerobic medium 厌氧培养基Antibody dependent enhancement,ADE 抗体依赖的促进作用Antigenic drift 抗原漂移Antigenic shift 抗原性转换* Antisepsis 防腐* Antistreptolysin O (ASO) test, 抗链球菌溶素O试验Antiviral protein,AVP 抗病毒蛋白Apoptosis 细胞凋亡* Apparent infection 显性感染Arbovirus 虫媒病毒* Artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫* Artificial passive immunization 人工被动免疫* Asepsis 无菌Aspergillus 曲霉* Assembly and release 装备与释放* Astrovirus 星状病毒Autotroph 自养菌* Attenuated vaccine 减毒疫苗B* Bacillus 杆菌、芽胞杆菌属* Bacillus anthracis 炭疽芽胞杆菌Bacillus cereus 蜡样芽胞杆菌* Bacteremia 菌血症Bacterial infection 细菌感染* Bacterial L form 细菌L型* Bacteriocin 细菌素* Bacteriophage 噬菌体* Bacterium 细菌Bartonella 巴尔通体属* Bacteriodes fragilis 脆弱类杆菌Bifidobacterium 双歧杆菌属* Binary fission 二分裂B.hanselae 汉赛巴尔通体* Bioproduct 生物制品* Biosynthesis 生物合成Biotype 生物型* Biovar trachoma 沙眼生物亚种Blastospore 芽生胞子* Borrelia burgdoyferi 伯氏疏螺旋体* Botulin 肉毒毒素Bovine spongiform encephalopathy,BSE 牛海绵状脑病(疯牛病)* Bordetella pertussis 百日咳鲍特菌* Brucella 布鲁菌属Burkitt，s lymphoma,BL 伯基特淋巴瘤C* Candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌* Calicivirus 杯状病毒Campylobacter 弯曲菌属* Capsid 衣壳Capsomere 壳粒* Capsule 荚膜* Carrier 带菌者* Carrier state 带菌状态Cat scratch disease, CSD 猫抓病* C.botulinum 肉毒梭菌C.difficile 艰难梭菌Cell membrane 细胞膜Cellular microbiology 细胞微生物学Cell wall 细胞壁* Chlamydia 衣原体Chlamydospore 厚膜胞子Cholera toxin,CT 霍乱毒素* Chronic infection 慢性感染C.jejuni 空肠弯曲菌* Classical biotype 古典生物型* Clostridium 梭菌属* Coagulase 凝固酶* Coccus 球菌* Colony 菌落Colonization 定植Complex symmetry 复合对称* Conditional pathogen 条件致病菌* Conjugation 接合Core polysaccharide 核心多糖Coronavirus 冠状病毒* Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌* Coxsackievirus 柯萨奇病毒* Coxiella burnetii 贝纳柯克斯体* C.perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌* C.pneumoniae 肺炎衣原体* Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌* C.tetani 破伤风梭菌* C.trachomatis 沙眼衣原体* Culture medium 培养基* Cytomegalovirus,CMV 巨细胞病毒Cytoplasme 细胞质* Cytopathic effect,CPE 细胞病变效应D* Darkfeild microscope 暗视野显微镜Decline phase 衰亡期Defective interfering particles,DIP 缺陷干扰颗粒* Defective virus 缺陷病毒* Dengue virus 登革病毒* Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌* Diplococcus 双球菌Differential medium 鉴别培养基* Disinfectant 消毒剂* Disinfection 消毒* Dysbacteriosis 菌群失调* Dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌EE.aerogenes 产气肠杆菌EB early antigen，EA EB病毒早期抗原EB nuclear antigen，EBNA EB病毒核抗原* Eclipse period 隐蔽期* Ehrlichia 埃立克体属Electron microscope 电子显微镜elementary body 原体* El tor biotype Eltor 生物型* Encephalitis B virus 乙型脑炎病毒* Endogenous infection 内源性感染Endospore 内芽胞* Endotoxemia 内毒素血症* Endotoxin 内毒素Enteric adenovirus 肠道腺病毒* ECHO , Enteric cytopathogenic human orphan virus ECHO病毒* EAggEC, Enteroaggregative E.coli 肠凝集性大肠埃希菌* EHEC, Enterohemorrhagic E.coli 肠出血性大肠埃希菌* EIEC, Enteroinvasive E.coli 肠侵袭性大肠埃希菌* EPEC, Enteropathogenic E.coli 肠致病性大肠埃希菌* ETEC, Enterotoxigenic E.coli 肠产毒性大肠埃希菌* Enterotoxin 肠毒素* Enterovirus 肠道病毒* Envelope 包膜Epidermolytic toxin 表皮溶解毒素Epidermophyton 表皮癣菌* Epstein-Barr virus，EBV EB病毒Erythrogenic toxin 红疹毒素* Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Exfoliative toxin,or exfoliatin 表皮剥脱毒素* Exogenous infection 外源性感染* Exotoxin 外毒素* Extracellular bacteria 胞外菌F* Facultative anaerobe 兼性厌氧菌* Fertility factor,F factor 致育因子Filamentous fungus 丝状菌Filter 滤菌器* Filtration 滤过除菌法* Fimbriae 菌毛* Flagellum 鞭毛Flaviviridae 黄病毒科Forest encephalitis virus 森林脑炎病毒Fractional sterilization 间歇蒸气灭菌法* Fungus 真菌G* Generalized infection 全身感染Generalized transduction 普遍性转导* Gene transfer 基因转移* Genus 菌属* Gonococcus 淋球菌* Gram stain 革兰染色* Growth curve 生长曲线* Growth factor 生长因子H* Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌* Hantavirus 汉坦病毒Hantaan virus 汉滩病毒Heat-labile enterotoxin,LT 不耐热肠毒素Heat-stable enterotoxin,ST 耐热肠毒素Heat-stable nuclease 耐热核酸酶* Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌* Helical symmetry 螺旋对称* Hemagglutinin ，HA 血凝素* α-hemolytic streptococcus 甲型（α）溶血链球菌* β-hemolytic steptococcus 乙性（β）溶血性链菌Hepadnaviridae 嗜肝DNA病毒科* HAV, Hepatitis A virus 甲型肝炎病毒* HBV, Hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒* HCV, Hepatitis C virus 丙型肝炎病毒* HDV, Hepatitis D virus 丁型肝炎病毒* HEV, hepatitis E virus 戊型肝炎病毒* HGV, hepatitis G virus 庚型肝炎病毒Herpesviridae 疱疹病毒科Histoplasma capsulatum 荚膜组织胞浆菌* Horizontal transmission 水平传播* Herpes simplex virus，HSV 单纯疱疹病毒Heterotroph 异养菌Human cytomegalovirus HCMV 人巨细胞病毒* Human herpes viruses,HHV 人疱疹病毒Human herpesvirus 6,HHV-6 人疱疹病毒6型Human herpesvirus 7，HHV-7 人疱疹病毒7型Human herpesvirus 8,HHV-8 人疱疹病毒8型* Human immunodeficiency viru ,HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒* Human papillomavirus，HPV 人乳头瘤病毒属Human T-cell lymphotropic virus, HTLV 人类嗜T细胞病毒* Hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶* Hypha 菌丝Iatrogenic infection 医源性感染* Icosahedral symmetry 二十面体对称Immortalization 永生化Immune enhancement 免疫促进作用* Inactivated vaccine 灭活疫苗* Inactivation 灭活* Inapparent infection 隐性感染* Inclusion bodies 包涵体* Infection immunity 传染免疫* Influenza virus 流行性感冒病毒Initial body 始体* Innate immunity 天然免疫lnsertion sequence, IS 插入序列* Integration 整合Interference 干扰现象* Interferon 干扰素* Invasiveness 侵袭Invasin 侵袭素JJapanese encephalitis virus 日本脑炎病毒KKanagawa phenomenon,KP 神奈川现象klebsiella 克雷伯菌属K.pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌Kuru disease 库鲁病L* Latent infection 潜伏感染Latent membrane protein，LMP 潜伏感染膜蛋白Lecithinase 卵磷脂酶* Legionella 军团菌属* Leptospira 钩端螺旋体Light microscope 光学显微镜L.interrogans 问号状钩端螺旋体* Lipid A 脂质A* Lipopolysaccharide, LPS 脂多糖Lipoteichoic acid, LTA 脂磷壁酸Liver specific Protein,LSP 肝特异性脂蛋白抗原Logarithmic phase 对数期L. Pneumophila 嗜肺军团菌* Lyme disease 莱姆病Lyophilization 冷冻真空干燥法* Lysogenic phage 溶原性噬菌体* Lysogenic bacterium 溶原性细菌* Lysogenic conversion 溶原性转换* Lysozyme 溶菌酶MMacrocomidium 大分生孢子Malassezia furfur 秕糠马拉癣菌Matrix prote M1 基质蛋白M1* Measles virus 麻疹病毒Median infective dose ID50 半数感染量Median lethal dose LD50 半数致死量* Medical microbiology 医学微生物学* Medical virology 医学病毒学Membrane antigen，MA 膜抗原* Meningococcus 脑膜炎球菌Mesosome 中介体* Metachromatic granule 异染颗粒Methicillin resistant S.aureus,MRSA 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌* Microaerophilic bacterium 微需氧菌* Microbiology 微生物学Microcapsule 微荚膜Microconidium 小分生孢子Microecology 微生态学* Microorganism 微生物Microsporum 小孢子癣菌* M.leprae 麻风分枝杆菌* Mold 霉菌* M. Pneumoniae 肺炎支原体* M.tuberculosis 结核分枝杆菌Mucor 毛霉Multiple resistance 多种耐药性* Mumps virus 腮腺炎病毒* Mycelium 菌丝体* Mycobacterium 分枝杆菌Mycolic acid 分枝菌酸* Mycoplasma 支原体N* Negri body 内基小体* Negative staining 负染* Neisseria 奈瑟菌属* Neuraminidase, NA 神经氨酸酶Neurotoxin 神经毒素* N.gonorrhoeae 淋病奈瑟菌* N.meningitidis 膜炎奈瑟菌Nocardia asteroids 星形诺卡菌Nocardia brasiliensis 巴西诺卡菌* Nonpathogenic bacterium,nonpathogen 非病原菌Nonpermissive cells 非容许性细胞* Nonspecific immunity 非特异性免疫Nontuberculosis mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌* Normal flora 正常菌群Norwalk 诺瓦克病毒* Nosocomial infction 医院内感染* Nuclear material 核质Nucleoprotein,NP 核蛋白* Nuclocapsid 核衣壳Nutrient agar 营养琼脂Nutrient broth 营养肉汤O* Obligate aerobe 专性需氧菌* Obligate anaerobe 专性厌氧菌Old tuberculin,OT 旧结核菌素* Opportunistic pathogenesis 机会致病性Ordinary pilus 普通菌毛Orientia 东方体属* Orthomyxoviridae 正粘病毒科Outer membrane 外膜* Outer membrane protein,OMP 外膜蛋白PP.aeruginasa 铜绿假单胞菌Papovaviridae 乳多空病毒科属Parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒Paramyxoviridae 副粘病毒科Parasite 寄生菌* Parvovirus 细小病毒* Pasteurization 巴氏消毒法* Pathogenic bacterium,pathogen 病原菌* Pathogenicity 致病性Penetration 穿入Penton 五邻体* Peptostreptococcus 消化链球菌属* Peptidoglycan 肽聚糖Permissive cells 容许性细胞* Persistent viral infection 持续性病毒感染* Phagocytosis 吞噬作用Phagolysome 吞噬溶酶体Phagosome 吞噬体* Picornaviridae 小RNA病毒科Pilin 菌毛蛋白* Pilus 菌毛* Pinocytosis 吞饮作用Pinosome 吞饮体Plaque 噬斑Plaque forming units, pfu 噬斑形成单位* Plasmid 质粒* Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢菌* Pneumococcus 肺炎球菌* Poliovirus 脊髓灰质炎病毒Primary atypical pneumonia 原发性非典型性肺炎* Prion ( prion protine,PrP ) 朊粒* Prokaryotae 原核生物界* Prophage 前噬菌体Proteus 变形杆菌Protopast fusion 原生质体融合Pseudomonas 假单胞菌属Pure culture 纯培养Purified protein derivative,PPD 纯蛋白衍生物* Pyemia 脓毒血症* Pyogenic coccus 化脓性球菌Pyogenic streptococcus 化脓性链球菌*Pyrogen 热原质Pyrogenic exotoxin 致热外毒素R* Rabies virus 狂犬病病毒Reassortment 重配Recombination 重组Reovirus 呼肠病毒Resistance transfer factor, RTF 耐药性传递因子* Respiratory syscytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒Restricted transduction 局限性转导Reticulate body 网状体* Retroviridae 逆转录病毒科Reverse transcriptase 逆转录酶Rhabdoviridae 弹状病毒科Rhinovirus 鼻病毒Ribonucleoprotein,RNP 核糖核蛋白Ribosome 核糖体* Rickettsia 立克次体* Rotavirus 轮状病毒Rough colony 粗糙型菌落R.prowazekii 普氏立克次体R.tsutsugamushi 恙虫病东方体R.typhi 斑疹伤寒立克次体* Rubella virus 风疹病毒S* Salmonella 沙门菌属Samonellosis 沙门菌病* S.boydii 鲍氏志贺菌* S.dysenteriae 痢疾志贺菌* Septicemia 败血症* Serological diagnosis 血清学诊断Sex pilus 性菌毛* S.flexneri 福氏志贺菌* Shigella 志贺菌属Shiga-like toxin,SLT 志贺样毒素S.hirschfeldii 希氏沙门菌* Slow virus infection 慢发病毒感染Small round structured virus,SRSV 小园形结构化病毒Smooth colony 光滑型菌落* S.paratyphi A 甲型副伤寒沙门菌Specific immunity 特异性免疫* Specific polysaccharide 特异多糖* Spike 刺突* Spiral bacterium 螺形菌* Spirochete 螺旋体* S.pneumoniae 肺炎链球菌* Spore 芽胞S.schottmuelleri 肖氏沙门菌*S.sonnei 宋内氏志贺菌* Staphylococcus 葡萄球菌属Staphylococcal protein A ,SPA 葡萄球菌A蛋白Staphylolysin 葡萄球菌溶素* Sterilization 灭菌* Stormy fermentation 汹涌发酵* Strain 菌株Streptococcal fibrinolysin 链球菌溶纤维蛋白酶* Streptococcus 链球菌属* γ-streptococcus 丙型（γ）链球菌Streptodornase,SD 链道酶Streptokinase,SK 链激酶* StreptolysinO, SLO 链球菌溶素OStreptolysinS, SLS 链球菌溶素S* S.typhi 伤寒沙门菌Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, SSPE 亚急性硬化性全脑炎* Subclinical infection 亚临床感染* Subvirus 亚病毒* Sulfur granule 硫磺样颗粒Superinfection 重迭感染TTCID50 (50%tissue culture infective dose) 半数组织感染剂量* Teichoic acid 磷壁酸* Temperate phage 温和噬菌体Temperature sensitive mutant 温度敏感突变株Tetani 破伤风* Tetanospasmin 破伤风痉挛毒素* Tetanus antitoxin,TAT 破伤风抗毒素* Titer 效价或滴度Togaviridae 披膜病毒科* Toxemia 毒血症Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1,TSST-1 毒性休克毒素综合征毒素-I * Toxin 毒素* Toxoid 类毒素* Treponema pallidium 苍白密螺旋体* Transduction 转导* Transformation 转化Transposon, Tn 转座子Trichophyton 毛癣菌Tubercle bacilli 结核杆菌* Type 型* Typhoid fever,or enteric fever 肠热症U* Uncoating 脱壳* Ureaplasma.Urealyticum 溶脲脲原体V* Vaccine 疫苗* Varicella-zoster virus VZV 水痘-带状疱疹病毒Verotoxin vero毒素* Vertical transmission 垂直传播Vibrio 弧菌属* Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌* Virion 病毒体Viroid 类病毒* Virology 病毒学* Virulence 毒力* Virulent phage 毒性噬菌体* Virus 病毒* V.parahemolyticus 副溶血性弧菌WWall teichoic acid 壁磷壁酸* Weil-Felix reaction 外斐反应* Widal reaction 肥达反应YYeast 酵母菌Yeast-Like fungus 类酵母菌Yersinia pestis 鼠疫耶尔森菌ZZones of inhibition 抑菌圈* Zoonosis 动物源性疾病。
(完整版)常用微生物学专业名词词汇表
常用微生物学专业名词词汇表active immunity（主动免疫）: Immunity acquired through direct stimulation of the immune system by antigen.active transport（主动运输）:Transport of molecules against a concentration gradient (from regions of low concentration to regions of high concentration) with the aid of proteins in the cell membrane and energy from ATP.Alcohol fermentation（乙醇发酵）：is the formation of alcohol from sugar. Yeast, when under anaerobic conditions, convert glucose to pyruvic acid via the glycolysis pathways, then go one step farther, converting pyruvic acid into ethanol, a C-2 compound.aerobe（好氧微生物）: A microorganism that lives and grows in the presence of free gaseous oxygen (O2).aflatoxin（黄曲霉毒素）: From Aspergillus flavus t, a mycotoxin that typically poisons moldy animal feed and can cause liver cancer in humans and other animals.AIDS（爱滋病）: Acquired Immune deficiency syndrome. The complex of signs and symptoms characteristic of the late phase of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection.Ames test（艾姆氏实验）: A method for detecting mutagenic and potentially carcinogenic agents based upon the genetic alteration of nutritionally defective bacteriaanabolism（合成代谢）: The energy consuming process of incorporating nutrients into protoplasm through biosynthesis.anaerobe（厌氧微生物）: A microorganism that grows best, or exclusively, in the absence of oxygen.antibiotic（抗生素）:A chemical substance from one microorganism that can inhibit or kill another microbe even in minute amounts.antibody（抗体）: A large protein molecule evoked in response to an antigen that interacts specifically with that antigen.antigen（抗原）: Any cell, particle, or chemical that induces a specific immune response by B cells or T cells and can stimulate resistance to an infection or a toxin.antigenic determinant（抗原决定基）:The precise molecular group of an antigen that defines its specificity and triggers the immune response.antimetabolite（抗代谢物）:A substance such as a drug that competes with, substitutes for, orinterferes with a normal metabolite.antiseptic（防腐剂）：A growth-inhibiting agent used on tissues to prevent infection.antiserum（抗血清）：Antibody-rich serum derived from the blood of animals (deliberately immunized against infectious or toxic antigen) or from people who have recovered from specific nfections.antitoxin（抗毒素）：Globulin fraction of serum that neutralizesa specific toxin. Also refers to the specific antitoxin antibody itself.arthrospore（节孢子）：A fungal spore formed by the septation fragmentation of hyphae.ascospore（子囊）：A spore formed within a saclike cell (ascus) of Ascomycota following nuclear fusion and meiosis.asepsis（无菌）：A condition free of viable pathogenic microorganisms.autoantibody（自身抗体）：An "anti-self antibody having an ffinity for tissue antigens of the subject in which it is formed.autoantigen（自身抗原）：Molecules that are inherently part of self but are perceived by the immune system as foreignautoimmune disease（自身免疫疾病）：The pathologic condition arising from the production of antibodies against autoantigens. Example: rheumatoid arthritis. Also called autoimmunitybacteriophage（噬菌体）：A virus that specifically infects bacteria.bacteriostatic（抑菌）：Any process or agent that inhibits bacterial growth.binary fission（二分裂）：The formation of two new cells of approximately equal size as the result of parent cell division.B lymphocyte (B cell)：A white blood cell that gives rise to plasma cells and antibodies.broad spectrum（广谱）：A word to denote drugs that affect many different types of bacteria, both gram-positive and gram-negative.Capsid（衣壳）：The protein covering of a virus's nucleic acid core. Capsids exhibit symmetry due to the regular arrangement of subunits called capsomers.capsomer（衣壳粒）：A subunit of the virus capsid shaped as a triangle or disc.capsule（荚膜）：In bacteria, the loose, gel-like covering or slime made chiefly of simple polysaccharides. This layer is protective and can be associated with virulence.Catabolism（分解代谢）：The chemical breakdown of complex compounds into simpler units to be used in cell metabolism.cell-mediated immune（细胞介导免疫）：The type of immune responses brought about by T cells, such as cytotoxic, suppressor, and helper effects.chemoautotroph（化能自养菌）：An organism that relies upon inorganic chemicals for its energy and carbon dioxide for its carbon. Also called a chemolithotraphchemotaxis（趋化性）：The tendency of organisms to move in response to a chemical gradient (toward an attractant or to avoid adverse stimuli).Chemotherapy（化学治疗剂）：The use of chemical substances or drugs to treat or prevent disease.Chitin（几丁质）：A polysaccharide similar to cellulose in chemical structure. This polymer makes up the homy substance of the exoskeletons of arthropods and certain fungicomplement（补体）：In immunology, serum protein components hat act in a definite sequence when set in motion either by an antigen-antibody complex or by factors of the alternative (properdin) pathway.Conldia（分生孢子）：Asexual fungal spores shed as free units from the tips of fertile hyphae. Conjugation（接合）：In bacteria, the contact between donor and recipient cells associated with the transfer of genetic material such as plasmids. Can involvespecial (sex) pili. Also a form of sexual recombination in ciliated protozoans.Colony(菌落)：A macroscopic cluster of cells appearing on a solid medium, each arising from the multiplication of a single cell.Contaminant（污染物）：An impurity; any undesirable material or organism.Culture（培养物）：The visible accumulation of microorganisms in or on a nutrient medium. Also, the propagation of microorganisms with various media. curddifferential medium（鉴别培养基）：A single substrate that discriminates between groups of microorganisms on the basis of differences in their appearance due to different chemical reactions.differential stain（鉴别染色）：A technique that utilizes two dyes to distinguish between different microbial groups or cell parts by color reaction.Disinfection（消毒）：The destruction of pathogenic nonsporulating microbes or their toxins,usually on inanimate surfaces.ELISA（酶联免疫）：Abbreviation for enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay, a very sensitive serological test used to detect antibodies in diseases such as AIDS。
医学微生物词汇
微生物（microorganism)细菌（bacterium）原核细胞型（prokaryote）真核细胞型（eukayote）正常菌群（normal flora）条件致病菌（conditioned pathogen）机会致病菌（opportunistic pathogen）球菌（coccus）杆菌（bacillus弧菌（vibrio）螺菌（spirillum）支原体（mycoplasma）衣原体（chlamydia）原体（elementary body）网状体（reticulate body）包涵体（inclusion body）立克次体（rickettsia）肽聚糖（peptidoglycan）孔蛋白（porin）脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide，LPS)原生质体（protoplast）原生质球（spheroplast）中介体（mesosome）脂多糖（lypopolysaccharide,LPS）胞质颗粒（cytoplasmic granules）质粒（plasmid)F质粒（fertility plasmid）荚膜（capsule）鞭毛（flagellum）菌毛（pilus）定植（colonization）芽胞（spore）热原质（pyrogen）内毒素（endotoxin）外毒素（exotoxin）杆菌肽（bacitracin）细菌素（bactericin）专性需氧菌（obligate aerobe）微需氧菌（microaerophilic bacterium）兼性厌氧菌（facultative anaerobe）专性需氧菌（obligate anaerobe 种（species）属（genus）标准菌株（standard strain）病毒（virus）衣壳（capsid）核衣壳（nucleocasid）胞膜（peplomere）刺突（spike）吸附（adsortion）穿入（penetration）脱壳（uncoating）生物合成（biosynthesis）隐蔽期（eclipse period）复制中间型（replicative intermediate，RI）顿挫感染（abortive infection）缺陷病毒（defective virus）干扰现象（interference）灭活（inactivation）亚病毒（subvirus）类病毒（viroid）真菌（fungus）菌丝（hypha）孢子（spore）半数致死（median lethal dose，LD50）半数感染量（median infective dose，ID50）黏附（adhension）侵入（invasion）持续性病毒感染（persistent viral infection）潜伏感染（latent infection）慢发病毒感染（slow virus infection）持续性感染（persistent viral infection）致细胞病变作用（cytopathic effect, CPE)包涵体形成（inclusion body)细胞凋亡（apoptosis)外毒素（exotoxin）内毒素（endotoxin）细胞毒素（neurotoxin）神经毒素（cytotoxin）肠毒素（enterotoxin）超抗原（superantigen)外源性感染（exogenous infection)内源性感染（endogenous infection)性传播疾病（sexually transmitted disease,STD)毒血症（toxemia）脓毒血症（pyemia)内毒素血症（endotoxemia)败血症（septicemia）败血症（septicemia）菌血症（bacteremia）调亡（apoptosis）遗传（heredity）变异（variation）噬菌体（phage）毒性噬菌体（virulent phage）温和噬菌体（temperate phage）溶原性细菌（lysogenic bacterium）转座子（transposon Tn）插入序列（insertion sequence IS）复合转座子（complex Tn）顿挫感染（abortive infection）干扰素（IFN）突变（mutation）野生型（wild type）突变型（mutant）转化（trasformation）结合（conjugation）耐药传递因子（resistance transfer factor）转导（（transduction）完全转导（generalized transduction）流产转导（abortive trasduction）溶原性转换（lysogenicconversion）原生质体融合（protoplast fusion）重组（recombination）重配（reassortment）基因整合（gene integration）人工主动免疫（artificial active immunity）疫苗（vaccine）人工被动免疫（artificial passive immunity）消毒（disinfect）灭菌（sterilization）抑菌（bacteriostasia）抑菌剂（bacteriostat）防腐（antisepsis）无菌（asepsis）巴氏消毒法（pasteurization）滤过除菌法（filtration）滤菌器（filter）致病菌，病原菌（pathogenic bacterium，pathogen）非致病菌，非病原菌（nonpathogenic bacterium，nonpathogen）微生态学（microecology）生态平衡（eubiosis）生态失调（dysbiosis）菌群失调（dysbacteriosis）医院获得性感染（hospital acquired infection）医院内感染（nosocomial infection）弥散性血管内凝血（disseminated intravascular coagulation，DIC）内源性致热源（endogenous pyrogens）脂多糖（lipopolysaccharide，LPS）内毒素血症（endotoxemia）天然免疫（innate immunity）非特异性免疫（nonspecific immunity）外源性感染（exogenous infection）内源性感染（endogenous infection）隐性感染（inapparent infection）潜伏感染（latent infection）显性感染（apparent infection）亚临床感染（subclinical infection）急性感染（acute infection）慢性感染（(chronic infection)局部感染（local infection）全身感染（genetalized infection, systemic infection）毒血症（toxemia）菌血症（bacteremia）败血症（septicemia）脓毒血症（pyemia）葡萄球菌A蛋白（staphylococcal protein A, SPA）凝固酶（coagulase）链球菌溶素（SLO，SLS）感染免疫（infection immunity）动物源性疾病（zoonosis）外斐反应（Wail-Felix reaction）抗原漂移（antigenic drift）抗原转换（antigenic shift）开放读码框（open reading frame, ORF）半数细胞感染剂量（50％tissue culture infective dose, TCID50）细胞病变（cytopathic effect, CPE）干扰现象（interference）前病毒（provirus）顿挫感染（abortive infection）缺陷病毒（defective virus）非容许细胞（non-permissive cells）缺损干扰颗粒（defective interference particles, DIP）PrPsc PrPc Prion。
医学微生物学常用英语词汇
医学微生物学常用英语词汇AAbortive infection 顿挫感染* Absorption 吸附* Acid-fast bacilli 抗酸杆菌Acquired immunity 获得性免疫* Acquired immunodeficiency syndrome，AIDS 获得性免疫缺陷综合征* Actinomyces 放线菌属Acute infection 急性感染* Adenovirus 腺病毒Adhesin 粘附素A.flavus 黄曲霉A. israelii 衣氏放线菌* Anaerobic bacteria 厌氧性细菌Anaerobic medium 厌氧培养基Antibody dependent enhancement,ADE 抗体依赖的促进作用Antigenic drift 抗原漂移Antigenic shift 抗原性转换* Antisepsis 防腐* Antistreptolysin O (ASO) test, 抗链球菌溶素O试验Antiviral protein,AVP 抗病毒蛋白Apoptosis 细胞凋亡* Apparent infection 显性感染Arbovirus 虫媒病毒* Artificial active immunization 人工主动免疫* Artificial passive immunization 人工被动免疫* Asepsis 无菌Aspergillus 曲霉* Assembly and release 装备与释放* Astrovirus 星状病毒Autotroph 自养菌* Attenuated vaccine 减毒疫苗B* Bacillus 杆菌、芽胞杆菌属* Bacillus anthracis 炭疽芽胞杆菌Bacillus cereus 蜡样芽胞杆菌* Bacteremia 菌血症Bacterial infection 细菌感染* Bacterial L form 细菌L型* Bacteriocin 细菌素* Bacteriophage 噬菌体* Bacterium 细菌Bartonella 巴尔通体属* Bacteriodes fragilis 脆弱类杆菌Bifidobacterium 双歧杆菌属* Binary fission 二分裂B.hanselae 汉赛巴尔通体* Bioproduct 生物制品* Biosynthesis 生物合成Biotype 生物型* Biovar trachoma 沙眼生物亚种Blastospore 芽生胞子* Borrelia burgdoyferi 伯氏疏螺旋体* Botulin 肉毒毒素Bovine spongiform encephalopathy,BSE 牛海绵状脑病(疯牛病) * Bordetella pertussis 百日咳鲍特菌* Brucella 布鲁菌属Burkitt，s lymphoma,BL 伯基特淋巴瘤C* Candida albicans 白假丝酵母菌* Calicivirus 杯状病毒Campylobacter 弯曲菌属* Capsid 衣壳Capsomere 壳粒* Capsule 荚膜* Carrier 带菌者* Carrier state 带菌状态Cat scratch disease, CSD 猫抓病* C.botulinum 肉毒梭菌 C.difficile 艰难梭菌Cell membrane 细胞膜Cellular microbiology 细胞微生物学Cell wall 细胞壁* Chlamydia 衣原体Chlamydospore 厚膜胞子Cholera toxin,CT 霍乱毒素* Chronic infection 慢性感染 C.jejuni 空肠弯曲菌* Classical biotype 古典生物型* Clostridium 梭菌属* Coagulase 凝固酶* Coccus 球菌* Colony 菌落Colonization 定植Complex symmetry 复合对称* Conditional pathogen 条件致病菌* Conjugation 接合Core polysaccharide 核心多糖Coronavirus 冠状病毒* Corynebacterium diphtheriae 白喉棒状杆菌* Coxsackievirus 柯萨奇病毒* Coxiella burnetii 贝纳柯克斯体* C.perfringens 产气荚膜梭菌* C.pneumoniae 肺炎衣原体* Cryptococcus neoformans 新生隐球菌* C.tetani 破伤风梭菌* C.trachomatis 沙眼衣原体* Culture medium 培养基* Cytomegalovirus,CMV 巨细胞病毒Cytoplasme 细胞质* Cytopathic effect,CPE 细胞病变效应D* Darkfeild microscope 暗视野显微镜Decline phase 衰亡期Defective interfering particles,DIP 缺陷干扰颗粒* Defective virus 缺陷病毒* Dengue virus 登革病毒* Dermatophytes 皮肤癣菌* Diplococcus 双球菌Differential medium 鉴别培养基* Disinfectant 消毒剂* Disinfection 消毒* Dysbacteriosis 菌群失调* Dysentery bacterium 痢疾杆菌EE.aerogenes 产气肠杆菌EB early antigen，EA EB病毒早期抗原EB nuclear antigen，EBNA EB病毒核抗原* Eclipse period 隐蔽期* Ehrlichia 埃立克体属Electron microscope 电子显微镜elementary body 原体* El tor biotype Eltor 生物型* Encephalitis B virus 乙型脑炎病毒* Endogenous infection 内源性感染Endospore 内芽胞* Endotoxemia 内毒素血症* Endotoxin 内毒素Enteric adenovirus 肠道腺病毒* ECHO , Enteric cytopathogenic human orphan virus ECHO病毒* EAggEC, Enteroaggregative E.coli 肠凝集性大肠埃希菌* EHEC, Enterohemorrhagic E.coli 肠出血性大肠埃希菌* EIEC, Enteroinvasive E.coli 肠侵袭性大肠埃希菌* EPEC, Enteropathogenic E.coli 肠致病性大肠埃希菌* ETEC, Enterotoxigenic E.coli 肠产毒性大肠埃希菌* Enterotoxin 肠毒素* Enterovirus 肠道病毒* Envelope 包膜Epidermolytic toxin 表皮溶解毒素Epidermophyton 表皮癣菌* Epstein-Barr virus，EBV EB病毒Erythrogenic toxin 红疹毒素* Escherichia coli 大肠埃希菌Exfoliative toxin,or exfoliatin 表皮剥脱毒素* Exogenous infection 外源性感染* Exotoxin 外毒素* Extracellular bacteria 胞外菌F* Facultative anaerobe 兼性厌氧菌* Fertility factor,F factor 致育因子Filamentous fungus 丝状菌Filter 滤菌器* Filtration 滤过除菌法* Fimbriae 菌毛* Flagellum 鞭毛Flaviviridae 黄病毒科Forest encephalitis virus 森林脑炎病毒Fractional sterilization 间歇蒸气灭菌法* Fungus 真菌G* Generalized infection 全身感染Generalized transduction 普遍性转导* Gene transfer 基因转移* Genus 菌属* Gonococcus 淋球菌* Gram stain 革兰染色* Growth curve 生长曲线* Growth factor 生长因子H* Haemophilus influenzae 流感嗜血杆菌* Hantavirus 汉坦病毒Hantaan virus 汉滩病毒Heat-labile enterotoxin,LT 不耐热肠毒素Heat-stable enterotoxin,ST 耐热肠毒素Heat-stable nuclease 耐热核酸酶* Helicobacter pylori 幽门螺杆菌* Helical symmetry 螺旋对称* Hemagglutinin ，HA 血凝素* α-hemolytic streptococcus 甲型（α）溶血链球菌* β-hemolytic steptococcus 乙性（β）溶血性链菌Hepadnaviridae 嗜肝DNA病毒科* HAV, Hepatitis A virus 甲型肝炎病毒* HBV, Hepatitis B virus 乙型肝炎病毒* HCV, Hepatitis C virus 丙型肝炎病毒* HDV, Hepatitis D virus 丁型肝炎病毒* HEV, hepatitis E virus 戊型肝炎病毒* HGV, hepatitis G virus 庚型肝炎病毒Herpesviridae 疱疹病毒科Histoplasma capsulatum 荚膜组织胞浆菌* Horizontal transmission 水平传播* Herpes simplex virus，HSV 单纯疱疹病毒Heterotroph 异养菌Human cytomegalovirus HCMV 人巨细胞病毒* Human herpes viruses,HHV 人疱疹病毒Human herpesvirus 6,HHV-6 人疱疹病毒6型Human herpesvirus 7，HHV-7 人疱疹病毒7型Human herpesvirus 8,HHV-8 人疱疹病毒8型* Human immunodeficiency viru ,HIV 人类免疫缺陷病毒* Human papillomavirus，HPV 人乳头瘤病毒属Human T-cell lymphotropic virus, HTLV 人类嗜T细胞病毒* Hyaluronidase 透明质酸酶* Hypha 菌丝IIatrogenic infection 医源性感染* Icosahedral symmetry 二十面体对称Immortalization 永生化Immune enhancement 免疫促进作用* Inactivated vaccine 灭活疫苗* Inactivation 灭活* Inapparent infection 隐性感染* Inclusion bodies 包涵体* Infection immunity 传染免疫* Influenza virus 流行性感冒病毒Initial body 始体* Innate immunity 天然免疫lnsertion sequence, IS 插入序列* Integration 整合Interference 干扰现象* Interferon 干扰素* Invasiveness 侵袭Invasin 侵袭素JJapanese encephalitis virus 日本脑炎病毒KKanagawa phenomenon,KP 神奈川现象klebsiella 克雷伯菌属K.pneumoniae 肺炎克雷伯菌Kuru disease 库鲁病L* Latent infection 潜伏感染Latent membrane protein，LMP 潜伏感染膜蛋白Lecithinase 卵磷脂酶* Legionella 军团菌属* Leptospira 钩端螺旋体Light microscope 光学显微镜L.interrogans 问号状钩端螺旋体* Lipid A 脂质A* Lipopolysaccharide, LPS 脂多糖Lipoteichoic acid, LTA 脂磷壁酸Liver specific Protein,LSP 肝特异性脂蛋白抗原Logarithmic phase 对数期L. Pneumophila 嗜肺军团菌* Lyme disease 莱姆病Lyophilization 冷冻真空干燥法* Lysogenic phage 溶原性噬菌体* Lysogenic bacterium 溶原性细菌* Lysogenic conversion 溶原性转换* Lysozyme 溶菌酶MMacrocomidium 大分生孢子Malassezia furfur 秕糠马拉癣菌Matrix prote M1 基质蛋白M1 * Measles virus 麻疹病毒Median infective dose ID50 半数感染量Median lethal dose LD50 半数致死量* Medical microbiology 医学微生物学* Medical virology 医学病毒学Membrane antigen，MA 膜抗原* Meningococcus 脑膜炎球菌Mesosome 中介体* Metachromatic granule 异染颗粒Methicillin resistant S.aureus,MRSA 耐甲氧西林金黄色葡萄球菌* Microaerophilic bacterium 微需氧菌* Microbiology 微生物学Microcapsule 微荚膜Microconidium 小分生孢子Microecology 微生态学* Microorganism 微生物Microsporum 小孢子癣菌* M.leprae 麻风分枝杆菌* Mold 霉菌* M. Pneumoniae 肺炎支原体* M.tuberculosis 结核分枝杆菌Mucor 毛霉Multiple resistance 多种耐药性* Mumps virus 腮腺炎病毒* Mycelium 菌丝体* Mycobacterium 分枝杆菌Mycolic acid 分枝菌酸* Mycoplasma 支原体N* Negri body 内基小体* Negative staining 负染* Neisseria 奈瑟菌属* Neuraminidase, NA 神经氨酸酶Neurotoxin 神经毒素* N.gonorrhoeae 淋病奈瑟菌* N.meningitidis 膜炎奈瑟菌Nocardia asteroids 星形诺卡菌Nocardia brasiliensis 巴西诺卡菌* Nonpathogenic bacterium,nonpathogen 非病原菌Nonpermissive cells 非容许性细胞* Nonspecific immunity 非特异性免疫Nontuberculosis mycobacteria 非结核分枝杆菌* Normal flora 正常菌群Norwalk 诺瓦克病毒* Nosocomial infction 医院内感染* Nuclear material 核质Nucleoprotein,NP 核蛋白* Nuclocapsid 核衣壳Nutrient agar 营养琼脂Nutrient broth 营养肉汤O* Obligate aerobe 专性需氧菌* Obligate anaerobe 专性厌氧菌Old tuberculin,OT 旧结核菌素* Opportunistic pathogenesis 机会致病性Ordinary pilus 普通菌毛Orientia 东方体属* Orthomyxoviridae 正粘病毒科Outer membrane 外膜* Outer membrane protein,OMP 外膜蛋白PP.aeruginasa 铜绿假单胞菌Papovaviridae 乳多空病毒科属Parainfluenza virus 副流感病毒Paramyxoviridae 副粘病毒科Parasite 寄生菌* Parvovirus 细小病毒* Pasteurization 巴氏消毒法* Pathogenic bacterium,pathogen 病原菌* Pathogenicity 致病性Penetration 穿入Penton 五邻体* Peptostreptococcus 消化链球菌属* Peptidoglycan 肽聚糖Permissive cells 容许性细胞* Persistent viral infection 持续性病毒感染* Phagocytosis 吞噬作用Phagolysome 吞噬溶酶体Phagosome 吞噬体* Picornaviridae 小RNA病毒科Pilin 菌毛蛋白* Pilus 菌毛* Pinocytosis 吞饮作用Pinosome 吞饮体Plaque 噬斑Plaque forming units, pfu 噬斑形成单位* Plasmid 质粒* Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢菌* Pneumococcus 肺炎球菌* Poliovirus 脊髓灰质炎病毒Primary atypical pneumonia 原发性非典型性肺炎* Prion ( prion protine,PrP ) 朊粒* Prokaryotae 原核生物界* Prophage 前噬菌体Proteus 变形杆菌Protopast fusion 原生质体融合Pseudomonas 假单胞菌属Pure culture 纯培养Purified protein derivative,PPD 纯蛋白衍生物* Pyemia 脓毒血症* Pyogenic coccus 化脓性球菌Pyogenic streptococcus 化脓性链球菌*Pyrogen 热原质Pyrogenic exotoxin 致热外毒素R* Rabies virus 狂犬病病毒Reassortment 重配Recombination 重组Reovirus 呼肠病毒Resistance transfer factor, RTF 耐药性传递因子* Respiratory syscytial virus, RSV 呼吸道合胞病毒Restricted transduction 局限性转导Reticulate body 网状体* Retroviridae 逆转录病毒科Reverse transcriptase 逆转录酶Rhabdoviridae 弹状病毒科Rhinovirus 鼻病毒Ribonucleoprotein,RNP 核糖核蛋白Ribosome 核糖体* Rickettsia 立克次体* Rotavirus 轮状病毒Rough colony 粗糙型菌落R.prowazekii 普氏立克次体R.tsutsugamushi 恙虫病东方体R.typhi 斑疹伤寒立克次体* Rubella virus 风疹病毒S* Salmonella 沙门菌属Samonellosis 沙门菌病* S.boydii 鲍氏志贺菌* S.dysenteriae 痢疾志贺菌* Septicemia 败血症* Serological diagnosis 血清学诊断Sex pilus 性菌毛* S.flexneri 福氏志贺菌* Shigella 志贺菌属Shiga-like toxin,SLT 志贺样毒素S.hirschfeldii 希氏沙门菌* Slow virus infection 慢发病毒感染Small round structured virus,SRSV 小园形结构化病毒Smooth colony 光滑型菌落* S.paratyphi A 甲型副伤寒沙门菌Specific immunity 特异性免疫* Specific polysaccharide 特异多糖* Spike 刺突* Spiral bacterium 螺形菌* Spirochete 螺旋体* S.pneumoniae 肺炎链球菌* Spore 芽胞S.schottmuelleri 肖氏沙门菌*S.sonnei 宋内氏志贺菌* Staphylococcus 葡萄球菌属Staphylococcal protein A ,SPA 葡萄球菌A蛋白Staphylolysin 葡萄球菌溶素* Sterilization 灭菌* Stormy fermentation 汹涌发酵* Strain 菌株Streptococcal fibrinolysin 链球菌溶纤维蛋白酶* Streptococcus 链球菌属* γ-streptococcus 丙型（γ）链球菌Streptodornase,SD 链道酶Streptokinase,SK 链激酶* StreptolysinO, SLO 链球菌溶素O StreptolysinS, SLS 链球菌溶素S * S.typhi 伤寒沙门菌Subacute sclerosing panencephalitis, SSPE 亚急性硬化性全脑炎* Subclinical infection 亚临床感染* Subvirus 亚病毒* Sulfur granule 硫磺样颗粒Superinfection 重迭感染TTCID50 (50%tissue culture infective dose) 半数组织感染剂量* Teichoic acid 磷壁酸* Temperate phage 温和噬菌体Temperature sensitive mutant 温度敏感突变株Tetani 破伤风* Tetanospasmin 破伤风痉挛毒素* Tetanus antitoxin,TAT 破伤风抗毒素* Titer 效价或滴度Togaviridae 披膜病毒科* Toxemia 毒血症Toxic shock syndrome toxin-1,TSST-1 毒性休克毒素综合征毒素-I * Toxin 毒素* Toxoid 类毒素* Treponema pallidium 苍白密螺旋体* Transduction 转导* Transformation 转化Transposon, Tn 转座子Trichophyton 毛癣菌Tubercle bacilli 结核杆菌* Type 型* Typhoid fever,or enteric fever 肠热症U* Uncoating 脱壳* Ureaplasma.Urealyticum 溶脲脲原体V* Vaccine 疫苗* Varicella-zoster virus VZV 水痘-带状疱疹病毒Verotoxin vero毒素* Vertical transmission 垂直传播Vibrio 弧菌属* Vibrio cholerae 霍乱弧菌* Virion 病毒体Viroid 类病毒* Virology 病毒学* Virulence 毒力* Virulent phage 毒性噬菌体* Virus 病毒* V.parahemolyticus 副溶血性弧菌WWall teichoic acid 壁磷壁酸* Weil-Felix reaction 外斐反应* Widal reaction 肥达反应YYeast 酵母菌Yeast-Like fungus 类酵母菌Yersinia pestis 鼠疫耶尔森菌ZZones of inhibition 抑菌圈* Zoonosis 动物源性疾病Medical Parasitology 医学寄生虫Aedes 伊蚊alternation of generations 世代交替amastigote 无鞭毛体AmoebiasisAncylostoma duodenale 十二指肠钩口线虫Anopheles 按蚊ascariasis 蛔虫病ascaris lumbricoides 似蚓蛔线虫arthropod 节肢动物bradysporozoite 迟发型子孢子bradyzoite 缓殖子Brugia malayi 马来布鲁线虫capsule 荚膜，被膜，囊胞carrier 携带者，载体，载流子，带虫者cercaria 尾蚴cercarial dermatitis 尾蚴性皮炎daughter cyst 子囊ectopic parasitism 异位寄生egg 卵elephantiasis 象皮肿enterobiasis 蛲虫病Enterobius vermicularis erythrocytic stage 红细胞内期facultative parasite 兼性寄生虫fasciolopsiasisfasciolopsis buskifertile egg 受精卵filaria 丝虫filariasis 丝虫病filariform larvae 丝状蚴final host 终宿主flea 蚤fly 蝇gametocyte 配子体Giardia lamblia 蓝氏贾第鞭毛虫Giardiasis 贾第虫病gravid proglottid 孕节helminth 蠕虫helminthiasis 蠕虫病hemimetabola 不全变态hexacanth 六钩蚴hookworm disease 钩虫病host 宿主human parasitology 人体寄生虫学hydatid cyst 棘球蚴囊hydatid diseaseimmature proglottid 幼节immune evasion 免疫逃避infective stage 感染阶段infertile cyst 不育囊larva 幼虫larva migrans 幼虫移行症Leishmania donovani 杜氏利什曼原虫Leishmaniasis 利什曼病life cycle 生活史louse 虱macrogametocyte 大配子体malaria 疟疾malaria pigment 疟色素mature proglottid 成节medical arthropodology 医学节肢动物学merozoite 裂殖子metacercaria 囊蚴microfilaria 微丝蚴microgametocyte 雄配子体，小配子体miracidium 毛蚴mosquito 蚊myiasis 蛆病Necator americanus 美洲板口线虫Nematode 线虫nocturnal periodicity 夜现周期性nymph 若虫obligatory parasite 专性寄生虫onchosphere 六钩蚴oocyst 卵囊ovum 卵，卵细胞Pagumogonimus skrjabini 斯氏狸殖吸虫paragonimiasis 肺吸虫病parasite 寄生虫parasitic zoonosis 人兽共患寄生虫parasitism 寄生paratenic host （transport host）转续宿主plerocercoid （sparganum）裂头蚴Pneumocystis carinii 卡氏肺孢子虫premunition 带虫免疫procercoid 原尾蚴promastigote 前鞭毛体protoscolex 原头蚴protozoon （protozoa）原生动物pseudocyst 假包囊pupa 蛹recrudescence 再燃redia 雷蚴relapse 复发reservoir host 保虫宿主sandfly 白蛉sarcoptes mites 疥螨Sarcoptes scabiei 人疥螨scabies 疥疮Schistosoma haematobium 埃及血吸虫Schistosoma japomicum 日本血吸虫Schistosoma mansoni 曼氏血吸虫Schistosomiasis 血吸虫病schistosomule （schistosomula）童虫schizont 裂殖体Schuffners dots 薛氏小点scolex 头节soft ticks 软蜱somatic antigen 虫体抗原sparganosis 裂头蚴病Spirometra mansoni 曼氏迭宫绦虫sporocyst 胞蚴sporozoite 子孢子sterilizing immunity 消除性免疫surface antigen 表面抗原tachysporozoite 速发型子孢子tachyzoite 速殖子taeniasis 带绦虫病tapeworm 绦虫。
微生物名词解释大全
微生物名词解释大全1.微生物：指肉眼难以看清，必须借助光学显微镜或电子显微镜才能看清的一切微小生物。
2.原核生物：是有原核细胞组成的生物，包括蓝细菌、细菌、古细菌、放线体、立克次氏体、螺旋体、支原体和衣原体等。
3.细菌：一类结构简单，种类繁多，主要以二分裂繁殖水生性较强的单细胞原核微生物。
4.芽孢：是为数不多的芽孢细菌在生长发育的后期，在某菌内形成一个圆形或椭圆形，厚壁，折光性强，具有抗逆性的休眠体，无繁殖能力。
大多数芽孢细菌为革兰氏染色阳性菌。
5.伴孢晶体：细菌一种特殊结构少数芽孢杆菌，如苏云金芽孢杆菌，在形成芽孢的同时，会在芽孢旁形成一颗菱形、方形或双锥形的碱溶性蛋白质晶体，称为伴孢晶体。
6.鞭毛：在细菌的一端连接于细胞壁，一端游离的细长纤丝状物。
弧菌和少数球菌有鞭毛。
根据鞭毛着生的位置和数目可分为一端単毛菌、一端丛毛菌、两端鞭毛菌、周生鞭毛菌和侧生鞭毛菌。
鞭毛的着生位置和数目是细菌分类鉴定所依据的形态特征之一。
7.荚膜：荚膜是某些细菌在细胞壁外包围的一层粘液性物质，一般由糖和多肽组成。
8.原生质体：脱去细胞壁的细胞叫原生质体，是一生物工程学的概念。
动物细胞也可算做原生质体。
9.球状体：因细胞壁部分缺损而形成的球状或近球状、并有一定生活能力的渗透敏感性微生物细胞。
只能存在于等渗溶液中。
10.菌落：单个微小细菌在固体培养基上生长、繁殖时，以此母细胞为中心产生大量细胞而聚集在一起，产生肉眼可见的、有一定形态结构的子细胞群，成为菌落。
11.菌苔：细菌在固体培养基接种线上由母细胞繁殖长成的一片密集的、具有一定形态结构特征的细菌群落，是许多菌落连成一片形成的细菌在斜面培养基接种线上长成的一片密集的细菌群落，不同属种细菌的菌苔形态是不同的。
12.真核微生物:凡是细胞核具有核膜，能进行有丝分裂，细胞质中存在线粒体或同时存在叶绿体等细胞器的微小生物，都称为真核微生物13.真菌:是一种真核生物，真菌的细胞有含甲壳素为主要成分的细胞壁，和植物的细胞壁主要是由纤维素组成的不同。
最新微生物学专业词汇-有关微生物细胞的词汇
微生物学专业词汇一、有关微生物细胞的词汇
01.细胞膜:
02.细胞壁:
03.细胞质:
04.核糖核蛋白体：
05.中间体:
06.丛生鞭毛:
07.周生鞭毛:
08.单生鞭毛:
09.基内菌丝:
10.气生菌丝:11.细菌菌落和菌苔:
12.球菌:
13.肽聚糖:
14.鞭毛:
15.孢子丝:
16.G-细菌:
17.G+细菌:
18.质粒:
19.菌胶团:
20.荚膜和粘液:
21.芽胞和孢囊:
22.革兰氏染色法:
23.属:
24.Clostridium:
25.Bacillus:
26.异形胞:
27.藻殖段:
28.内含物:
29.异染粒:
30.螺旋体:
31.种:
32.标准菌株:
33.菌株:
34.原生质体:
35.球状体(原生质球):
36.磷壁(质)酸:
37.脂多糖:
38.气泡:
39.羧酶体(carboxysome):
40.L型细菌:41.附加体:
42.细胞营养功能
43.细胞分化
44.磷脂
45.氨基酸
46.膜套
47.细胞壁
48.革兰氏染色技术
49.表面层
50.细胞质膜
51.单位膜
52.渗透作用
53.间体
54.原生质体
55.核质区
56.内含体
57.鞭毛
58.周生鞭毛细菌
59.菌毛
60.核小体
二、有关真核微生物的词汇
三、有关原核微生物的词汇
四、微生物的代谢与生长。
食品微生物专业词汇1
Aa Helminth Cycle 一个寄生虫循环a scale of 一个规模a strew of 撒满的abbreviate 缩写abiogenesis 无生源说abnormal fatigue 异常疲劳abscesses 脓肿Absidia 犁头霉属Acanthamoeba 棘阿米巴属accelerated 加速accentuate 强调accessory 附件accommodate 适应accompanied 陪同accumulate 积累Achlya 绵霉属acid-fast 抗酸的acidic dyes 酸性染料acidic 酸性Acinetobacter 不动杆菌；不动杆菌属acridine orange stain 吖啶橙染色Acridine 吖啶Actin cytoskeleton 肌动蛋白细胞骨架Actin filaments 肌动蛋白丝actin 肌动蛋白Actinobacteria 放线菌Actinomyces 放线菌，放线菌类Actinomycetaceae 放线菌科additional ingredient 额外的成分Adeno virus 腺病毒adhere 坚持adherence 依从性，粘着，紧贴adherent 附着adhesion 附着力adhesive 胶粘剂adjacent相邻adverse 不良的，相反的，不利的aerial 空气的，空中的，空想的aerobic 有氧aerobic metabolism 有氧代谢aerobic respiration 有氧呼吸Aeromonas 气单胞菌属affixed 粘贴，附着afflict 折磨agar琼脂Agencies 机构aggregated 聚合aggregation 聚合Agricultural Microbiology 农业微生物学Agrobacterium 农杆菌属air inlet 进气口air-drying 晾干的，完全风干的akin 类似的，同类的alanine 丙氨酸albicans 白色的alcohol-based 含酒精的alcoholic 含酒精的alga gelidium 海藻石花菜Alga , algae 藻类；海藻alginate藻朊酸盐alginic acid 海藻酸aligned 对齐allay 减轻allergy attacks 过敏袭击allergy 过敏allied 盟军的，联合的，同盟的all-inclusive 广泛的，详尽的Alphaproteobacteria 甲型变形菌纲，α-变形菌纲alter 改变alteration变更Alternaria 链格孢属alternate 备用，替换物alternating 交替alternative 替代的，供选择的，选择性的alter 改变Alzheimerdisease 阿尔茨海默病amebic dysentery 阿米巴痢疾amino acid 氨基酸Amoeba 变形虫Amoebas 阿米巴原虫amoeboid motion 变形运动Amoeboid Protozoa 变形原生动物amphitrichous 双鞭毛的，两端鞭毛的Ample 充足的amplified 放大anaerobes 厌氧生物Anaerobic cocci厌氧球菌anaerobic growth 厌氧生长analogous 类似的anaphase 后期anatomical 解剖anatomy 解剖学Ancestral 祖先的anchored 锚定anemia 贫血Angiosperms 被子植物Angstrom 埃animalcules 微生物，微动物animalia 动物类animation 活泼，生气。
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微生物专业词汇01微生物学 microbiology病毒学 virology噬菌体学 bacteriophagology细菌学 bacteriology鉴定细菌学 determinative bacteriology 系统细菌学 systematic bacteriology真菌学 mycology原生生物学 protistology原生动物学 protozoology普通微生物学 general microbilogy微生物分类学 microbial taxonomy微生物生理学 microbial physiology微生物生物化学 microbial biochemistry 微生物遗传学 microbial genetics微生物生态学 microbial ecology古微生物学 paleomicrobiology土壤微生物学 soil microbiology水生微生物学 aquatic microbiology海洋微生物学 marine microbiology悉生生物学 gnotobiology医学微生物学 medical microbiology兽医微生物学 veterinary microbiology 农业微生物学 agricultural microbiology 工业微生物学 industrial microbiology 石油微生物学 petroleum microbiology 食品微生物学 food microbiology乳品微生物学 diary microbiology瘤胃微生物学 rumen microbiology诊断微生物学 diagnostic microbiology病原学 etiology国际微生物学会联合会 International Union of Microbiological Societies, IUMS中国微生物学会 Chinese Society for Microbiology, CSM世界培养物保藏协会 World Federation for Culture Collection, WFCC中国微生物菌种保藏管理委员会 China Committee for Culture Collection of Microorganisms, CCCCM美国模式培养物保藏所 American Type Culture Collection, ATCC 微生物专业词汇02自然发生说，无生源说 spontaneous generation, abiogenesis 原界 urkingdom始祖生物 progenote古始生物界 archetista古细菌 archaebacteria原生生物 protista原生动物 protozoan原生植物 protophyte真核生物 eukaryote原核生物 prokaryote裂殖植物 schizophyte微生物 microorganism数值分类法 numerical taxonomy 模式目 type order模式科 type family模式属 type genus模式种 type species模式株 type strain真菌 fungi捕食真菌 predacious fungi虫道真菌 ambrosia fungi地下真菌 hypogeal fungi虫生真菌 entomogenous fungi 菌根真菌 mycorrhizal fungi木腐菌 wood-decay fungi霉菌 mold, mould半知菌 imperfect fungi子囊菌 ascomycetes粘菌 slime mold, slime mould 壶菌 chytrid卵菌 oomycetes接合菌 zygomycetes担子菌 basidiomycetes核菌 pyrenomycetes盘菌 cup fungi块菌 truffles锈菌 rust fungi蘑菇 mushrooms毒蘑菇 poisonous mushroom 酵母菌 yeast无孢子酵母菌 asporogenous yeasts有孢子酵母菌 sporogenous yeasts黑粉菌 smut fungi双态性真菌 dimorphic fungi毛外癣菌 ectothrix毛内癣菌 endothrix完全真菌 perfect fungi黑粉病 smut disease锈病 rust disease微生物专业词汇_抗生素抗生素 antibiotic阿克拉霉素 aclacinomycin放线酮 actidione, cycloheximide放线菌素 actinomycin阿霉素 adriamycin氨丁苷菌素 ambutyrosin7-氨基头孢菌酸 7-aminocephalosporinic acid 6-氨基青霉烷酸 6-aminopenicillanic acid两性霉素 amphotericin安丝菌素 ansamitocin抗蠕霉素 anthelmycin抗霉素 antimycin阿泊拉霉素 apramycin除疟霉素 aplasmomycin曲霉菌素 aspergillin除虫菌素 avermectin杆菌肽 bacitracin双环霉素 bicyclomycin杀稻瘟素 blasticidin博来霉素 bleomycin丁苷菌素 butirosin, butyrosin杀假丝菌素 candicidin卷曲霉素 capreomycin, capromycin腐霉素 carriomycin洋红霉素 carminomycin天青菌素 celesticetin头孢菌素 cephalosporin氯霉素 chloromycetin, chloramphenicol 金霉素 chloroteracycline, aureomycin 色霉素 chromomycin创新霉素 chuangxinmycin棒酸 clavulanic acid 氯林肯霉素 clindamycin粘菌素 colistin鬼伞菌素 coprinin蛹虫草菌素 cordycepin香菇菌素 cortinellin环孢菌素 cyclosporin环丝氨酸 cycloserine松胞菌素 cytochalasin胞霉素 cytomycin道诺霉素 daunomycin越霉素 destomycin偏端霉素 distamycin红霉素 erythromycin抑酯酶素 esterastin扁枝衣霉素 everninomicin间型霉素 formycin健霉素 fortimicin磷霉素 fosfomycin, phosphonomycin 镰孢菌酸 fusarinic acid艮他霉素 gentamicin胶霉毒素 gliotoxin谷氏菌素 gougerotin短杆菌肽 gramicidin灰霉素 grisein灰黄霉素 griseofulvin除莠菌素 herbicidin除莠霉素 herbimycin全霉素 holomycin潮霉素 hygromycin岛霉素 ilamycin天神霉素 istamycin双氢除虫菌素 ivermectin交沙霉素 josamycin卡那霉素 kanamycin春日霉素 kasugamycin柱晶白霉素 leucomycin林可霉素 lincomycin美登素 maytenin酒霉素 methymycin光神霉素 mithramycin丝裂霉素 mitomycin莫能菌素 monensin菌霉素 mycomycin霉酚酸 mycophenolic acid麦迪霉素 mydecamycin, midecamycin 暗霉素 nebramycin新霉素 neomycin纺锤菌素 netropsin诺卡菌素 nocardin 新生霉素 novobiocin制霉菌素 nystatin竹桃霉素 oleandomycin蛇孢菌素 ophiobollin展青霉素 patulin青霉酸 penicillic acid青霉素 penicillin多氧菌素 polyoxin多粘菌素 polymyxin灵菌红素 prodigiosin制反转录酶素 revistin核糖霉素 ribostamycin, vistamycin利福霉素 rifamycin龟裂杀菌素 rimocidin瑞斯托菌素 ristocetin蔷薇霉素 rosamicin红比霉素 rubidomycin相模霉素 sagamicin盐霉素 salinomycin肉瘤霉素 sarkomycin制唾酸酶素 siastatin紫苏霉素 sisomicin壮观霉素 spectinomycin, actinospectacin 螺旋霉素 spiramycin链霉素 streptomycin链黑菌素 streptonigrin链丝菌素 streptothricin枯草菌素 subtilin杀鱼菌素 teleocidin土霉素 terramycin, oxytetracycline四环素 tetracycline噻烯霉素 thienamycin硫藤黄素 thiolutin妥布拉霉素 tobramycin木霉菌素 trichodermin抗滴虫霉素 trichomycin衣霉素 tunicamycin泰乐菌素 tylosin焦曲菌素 ustin有效霉素 validamycin缬氨霉素 valinomycin, aminomycin万古霉素 vancomycin疣孢菌素 verrucarine优胜霉素 victomycin紫霉素 viomycin巴龙霉素 paromomycin微生物学专业词汇_营养、代谢与生长光能无机营养 photolithotrophy光能有机营养 photoorganotrophy化能无机营养 chemolithotrophy化能有机营养 chemoorganotrophy光营养 phototrophy 兼性营养 amphitrophy腐生营养 saprophytic nutrition甲基营养 methylotrophy化能营养 chemotrophy自养 autotrophy光能自养 photoautotrophy化能自养 chemoautotrophy半自养 mesotrophy异养 heterotrophy氮平衡 nitrogen balance碳平衡 carbon balance磷平衡 phosphorus balance同化作用 assimilation异化作用 dissimilation氨化作用 ammonification硝化作用 nitrification反硝化作用 denitrification固氮作用 nitrogen fixation非共生固氮作用 asymbiotic nitrogen fixation 光同化作用 photo-assimilation巴氏效应 Pasteur effect葡萄糖效应 glucose effect种间分子氢转移 interspecies H transfer发酵 fermentation发酵[能]力 fermentation capacity可发酵性 fermentability同型发酵 homofermentation异型发酵 heterofermentation厌氧消化 anaerobic digestion厌氧呼吸 anaerobic respiration厌氧生活 anaerobiosis需氧呼吸 aerobic respiration需氧生活 aerobiosis反馈抑制 feed back inhibition内源变量 endogenenous variable异养潜能 heterotrophic potential溶菌丝作用 hypholytic action溶菌作用 bacteriolysis费氏[溶菌]现象 Pfeiffer's phenomenon 自溶[现象] autolysis裂殖 schizogenesis芽殖 budding二分分裂 binary fission不等分裂 unequal fission断裂 fragmentation复分裂 multiple fission隐蔽期 eclipse period比生长速率 specific growth rate同步生长 synchronous growth双峰生长曲线 diauxie growth curve延滞期 lag phase一步生长[曲线] one step growth时间-存活曲线 time-survival curve倍增时间 doubling time 指数生长 exponential growth衰亡期 decline phase稳定期 stationary phase对数期 log phase时间节律 temporal rhythm隐生现象 cryptobiosis休眠 dormancy衰老型 involution form静息细胞 resting cell光复活作用 photoreactivation交叉复活 cross reactivation热[致]死时 thermal death time热[致]死点 thermal death point原生质体再生 protoplast regeneration [噬菌体]接合分裂 conjugate division [噬菌体]裂解阻抑 lysis inhibition[噬菌体]裂解量 burst size[噬菌体]生产性感染 productive infection [噬菌体]自愈 curing病毒复制 replication of virus复制周期 replicative cycle裂解周期 lytic cycle[病毒]侵入 penetration病毒入胞现象 viropexis[病毒]脱壳 uncoating[病毒]装配 assembly蚀斑 plaque蚀斑形成单位 plaque forming unit,PFU成斑效率 efficiency of plating强毒株 virulent strain[狂犬病]固定毒 fixed virus[狂犬病]街毒 street virus病毒抑制作用 viral inhibition病毒诱导 virus induction[流感病毒]α抑制物α-inhibitor[流感病毒]朱氏抑制物 Chu-inhibitor ,β－inhibitor干扰素 interferon干扰[现象] interference微生物学专业词汇_细胞学、次生产物假肽聚糖 pseudopeptidoglycan肽聚糖 peptidoglycan磷壁酸 teichoic acid胞壁酸 muramic acid2,6-吡啶二羧酸 dipicolinic acid, DPA脂多糖类 lipopolysaccharides多糖包被 glycocalyx鞭毛蛋白 flagellin菌毛蛋白 pilin杀白细胞素 leucocidin豆血红蛋白 leghaemoglobin藻胆蛋白 phycobiliprotein藻青蛋白 phycocyanin藻红蛋白 phycoerythrin 藻青素 cyanophycin藻蓝素 algocyan, leucocyan藻胆素 phycobilin藻红[胆]素 phycoerythrobilin藻蓝胆素 phycocyanobilin藻青素颗粒 cyanophycin granule别藻蓝素 allophycocyanin类葫萝卜素 carotenoids细菌淀粉粒 granulose聚β羟基丁酸盐 poly-β-hydroxy butyrate葡萄球菌A蛋白 staphylococcal protein A, SPA纯化蛋白衍生物 purified protein derivative, PPD [葡萄球菌]凝固酶 staphylocoagulaseβ[细胞]溶素β-lysinα淀粉酶α-amylase通透酶 permease胞内酶 intracellular enzyme胞外酶 extracellular enzyme果胶酶 pectinase逆[转]录酶 reverse transcriptase凝固酶 coagulase受体破坏酶 receptor destroying enzyme, RDE透明质酸酶 hyaluronidase纤维素酶 cellulase链道酶 streptodornase,SD链激酶 streptokinase,SK神经氨酸酶 neuraminidase青霉素酶 penicillinase溶菌酶 lysozyme[细菌]紫膜质 bacteriorhodopsin菌紫素 bacteriopurpurin[细]菌[叶]绿素 bacteriochlorophyll 自溶素 autolysin亲菌素 bacteriotropin攻击素 aggressin抑殖素 ablastin粘附素 adhesin菌红素 bacterioerythrin灵菌毒素 prodigiosus toxin细菌素 bacteriocin麻风菌素 lepromin葡萄球菌素 staphylococcin伞菌氨酸 agarfitine苏云金菌素 thuricin肠球菌素 enterococcin布氏菌素 brucellin大肠菌素 colicin, colicine丁香假单胞菌素 syringacin黄色粘球菌素 xanthacin链球菌素 streptocin流产菌素 abortin绿脓[菌]素 pyocyanin红假单胞菌素 rhodopseudomonacin绿脓菌荧光素 pyofluorescein 白喉毒素 diphtheria toxin杯伞素 clitocybine白细胞溶素 leucolysin表皮溶解毒素 epidermolytic toxin 产气荚膜梭菌素 perfringocin肠毒素 enterotoxin毒蝇碱 muscarine肺炎球菌毒素 pneumotoxin鬼笔[毒]环肽 phalloidin根霉蝶呤 rhizopterin肺炎[链]球菌溶血素 pneumolysin 黑粉菌酸 ustilagic acid分枝菌酸 mycolic acid齿孔酸 eburicoic acid根霉促进素 rhizopin蘑菇素 agaricin蘑菇酸 agaricinic acid红斑毒素 erythrogenic toxin黄曲霉毒素 aflatoxin菌丝酰胺 mycelianamide绿脓杆菌溶血素 pyocyanolysin葡萄球菌溶血毒素 staphylolysin 真菌毒素 mycotoxin曲霉毒素 aspertoxin赭曲毒素 ochratoxin曲酸 kojic acid破伤风[菌]痉挛毒素 tetanospasmin 溶葡萄球菌素 lysostaphin破伤风[菌]溶血素 tetanolysin溶纤维蛋白溶酶 fibrinolysin溶血素 hemolysin鼠疫菌素 pesticin神经毒素 neurotoxin杀[细]菌素 bactericidin外毒素 exotoxin内毒素 endotoxin细菌毒素 bacteriotoxin血凝素 hemagglutinin杂色曲霉素A versicolorin A柄曲霉素 sterigmatocystin毒植物素 phytotoxin真菌醇 mykol链球菌溶血素 streptolysin剥脱性毒素 exfoliative toxin细菌荧光素 bacteriofluorescein [放线菌]土臭味素 geosmins土壤杆菌素 agrobacteriocin产甲烷[作用] methanogenesis生物转化 bioconversion生长因子 growth factor420 因子 factor 420V 因子 V factorX 因子 X factor 辅酶 M coenzyme M微量营养 micronutrient特需营养要求型 idiotroph微[量]动[力]作用 oligodynamic action抗代谢物 antimetabolites索状因子 cord factor异株克生物质 allelopathic substances微生物学专业词汇_病毒类病毒 viroid病毒 virus真病毒 euvirus亚病毒 subvirus原病毒 provirus拟病毒 virusoid卫星病毒 satellite virus假型病毒 pseudotype virus慢病毒 slow virus辅助病毒 helper virus过客病毒 passenger virus多分体病毒 multicomponent virus昆虫痘病毒 entomopox virus, EPV颗粒体症病毒 granulosis virus, GV多角体病毒 polyhedrosis virus核型多角体病毒 nuclear polyhedrosis virus, NPV质型多角体病毒 cytoplasmic polyhedrosis virus,CPV 多粒包埋型病毒 multiple embedded virus单粒包埋型病毒 singly embedded virus 伴随病毒 associated virus浓核病毒 densovirus,DNV内源病毒 endogenous virus潜伏病毒 latent virus肠道病毒 enterovirus艾柯病毒 ECHO virus虫媒病毒 arbovirus腺病毒 adenovirus腺伴随病毒 adeno associated virus真菌病毒 mycovirus肿瘤病毒 oncovirus逆[转]录病毒 retro virus坏死病毒 necrosis virus虹彩病毒 irido virus泛嗜性病毒 pantropic virus毒株 strain原[生小]体 elementary body 包含体 inclusion body 顾氏小体 Guarnieri's bodies微生物学专业词汇_噬箘体真菌噬菌体 mycophage 噬藻体 phycophage烈性噬菌体 virulent phage 温和噬菌体 temperate phage 前原噬菌体 preprophage 原噬菌体 prophage隐性前噬菌体 cryptic prophage 营养期噬菌体 vegetative phage 载体噬菌体 carrier phageλ噬菌体 lambda particles phage [可]诱导噬菌体 inducible phage 同源免疫噬菌体 homoimmune phage 噬菌体分型 bacteriophage typing 噬菌体型 phagetype 噬菌体变型 phagevar 噬斑 plaque[噬菌体]聚合头部 polyhead [噬菌体]聚合尾鞘 polysheath [噬菌体]伞毛 fimbrium [噬菌体]颈须 whisker内氏小体 Negri's body 病毒[粒]体 virion裸露病毒[粒]体 naked virion 假病毒体 pseudovirion 立体对称 cubical symmetry二十面体对称 icosahedral symmetry 螺旋对称 helical symmetry [病毒]五邻体 pentomer,pentons [病毒]六邻体 hexonmer,hexons 复合对称 complex symmetry 包膜突起 peplomerbody 包膜 envelope, peplos 蛋白质包膜 protein envelope [病毒]包膜抗原 envelope antigen [病毒]壳体 capsid[病毒]壳粒 capsomer, capsomere 二十面[体]壳体 icosahedron capsid 核心 core核壳 nucleocapsid 病毒原质体 viroplasma 病毒束 virus bundle 多角体 polyhedron 多角体蛋白 polyhedrin 颗粒体 granule 颗粒体蛋白 granulin 类核 nucleoid内含颗粒 inclusion granule X 体 X-body[病毒]早期蛋白 early protein[噬菌体]先导蛋白 pilot protein [噬菌体]尾丝抗原 fiber antigen [噬菌体]顶体 apex[噬菌体]基片插孔 base-plate hub [噬菌体]基片丝 base-plate fibril [噬菌体]基片楔突 base-plate wedge [噬菌体]串联体 concatemer[噬菌体]颈部 collar[噬菌体]顶部壳粒 apical capsomere [噬菌体]尾丝 tail fiber[噬菌体]畸形体 monster[噬菌体]颈圈 connector[噬菌体]髓部 core[噬菌体]头部 head[噬菌体]尾部 tail[噬菌体]尾管 tail tube[噬菌体]尾鞘 tail sheath微生物专业词汇_细菌细菌 bacteria薄壁[细]菌类 gracilicutes硬壁[细]菌类 fermicutes疵壁[细]菌类 mendosicutes无壁[细]菌类 tenericutes柔膜细菌 mollicutes真细菌 eubacteria 暗细菌 scotobacteria无氧光细菌 anoxyphotobacteria生氧光细菌 oxyphotobacteria放线菌 actinomycetes螺[旋]菌 spirilla粘细菌 slime bacteria鞘细菌 sheathed bacteria柄细菌 caulobacteria弧菌 vibrio根瘤细菌 root nodule bacteria硫酸盐还原菌 sulfate reducting bacteria硫细菌 sulfur bacteria铁细菌 iron bacteria紫色无硫细菌 purple nonsulfur bacteria产甲烷菌 methanogen硝化细菌 nitrobacteria反硝化细菌 denitrifying bacteria固氮细菌 nitrogen fixing bacteria甲基营养菌 methylotrophic bacteria产乙酸菌 acetogen同型[产]乙酸细菌 homoacetogenic bacteria光合作用细菌 photosynthetic bacteria产氢产乙酸细菌 hydrogen-producing acetogenic bacteria 同型发酵乳酸菌 homofermentative lactic bacteria异型发酵乳酸菌 heterofermentative lactic bacteria产氢菌 hydrogenogens产气菌 aerogen不产气菌 anaerogen发光细菌 luminous bacteria产色细菌 chromogenic bacteria化能异养菌 chemoheterotrophic bacteria化能自养菌 chemoautotrophic bacteria光能异养菌 photoheterotrophic bacteria光能自养菌 photoautotrophic bacteria化能有机营养菌 chemoorganotrophic bacteria 化能无机营养菌 chemolithotrophic bacteria 光能有机营养菌 photoorganotrophic bacteria 光能无机营养菌 photolithotrophic bacteria 有机营养菌 organotrophic bacteria无机营养菌 lithotrophic bacteria贫[营]养细菌 oligotrophic bacteria一氧化碳营养菌 carboxydotrophic bacteria 自养菌 autotrophic bacteria异养菌 heterotrophic bacteria光养菌 phototrophic bacteria需氧菌 aerobe微需氧菌 microaerobe耐氧菌 aerotorelant bacteria厌氧菌 anaerobe兼性厌氧菌 facultative anaerobe专性厌氧菌 obligate anaerobe溶原性细菌 lysogenic bacteria腐生菌 saprophytic bacteria苛求菌 fastidious microorganism 极端细菌 extreme bacteria嗜压菌 barophilic bacteria嗜盐菌 halophilic bacteria嗜铁菌 siderophilic bacteria嗜高渗细菌 osmophilic bacteria微嗜氮菌 oligonitrophilic bacteria 嗜冷[细]菌 psychrophilic bacteria 嗜酸菌 acidophilic bacteria嗜硫菌 thiophilic bacteria中温菌 mesophilic bacteria耐热细菌 thermophilric bacteria氢营养菌 hydrogenotrophic bacteria 肠道细菌 intestinal bacteria类菌体 bacteroid细菌小体 bacteriosome微生子 gonidium蓝细菌 cyanobacteria[蓝细菌]连锁体 hormogonium类囊体 thylakoid藻胆蛋白体 phycobilisome静息孢子 akinete滑行 gliding异形[囊]胞 heterocyst化学型 chemotype化学变型 chemovar血清型 serotype血清变型 serovar致病型 pathotype致病变型 pathovar生物型 biotype生物变型 biovar形态型 morphotype形态变型 morphovar革兰氏阳性菌 Gram-positive bacteria革兰氏阴性菌 Gram-negative bacteria球菌 coccus双球菌 diplococcus四联球菌 tetrads八叠球菌 sarcina球杆菌 coccobacillus杆菌 rod双杆菌 diplobacillus棒状菌 corynebacteria[细菌]毛状体 trichome单鞭毛菌 monotricha周[鞭]毛菌 peritricha丛[鞭]毛菌 lophotricha两端单[鞭]毛菌 amphitrichate单端丛[鞭]毛菌 cephalotricha滑行细菌 gliding bacteria细菌L-型 L-form of bacterium菌落 colony 酵母型菌落 yeast type colony类酵母型菌落 yeast like colony次生菌落 secondary colony 粗糙型菌落 rough colony光滑型菌落 smooth colony丝状型菌落 filamentous type colony 子菌落 daughter colony深层菌落 deep colony粘液型菌落 mucoid colony巨大菌落 giant colony侏儒型菌落 dwarf colony菌苔 lawn菌胶团 zoogloea菌膜 pellicle[菌]醭 mycoderm, pellicle群游现象 swarming菌柄 stipe[菌体]附器 appendage鞭毛 flagellum周质鞭毛 periplasmic flagella轴丝 axial filament菌毛 pilus性丝 sex pilus外生孢子 exospore内生孢子 endospore芽孢 spore芽孢形成 sporulation终端芽孢 terminal spore近端芽孢 subterminal spore中生芽孢 central spore前芽孢 forespore[芽孢]皮层 cortex芽孢外膜 exitine芽孢内膜 intine外壁 exine伴胞晶体 parasporal crystal菌蜕 ghost鞘 sheath荚膜 capsule粘液层 slime layer微荚膜 microcapsule壁膜间隙 periplasmic space原生质体 protoplast原生质球 spheroplast气泡 gas vacuole甲烷粒体 methanochondria间体 mesosome载色体 chromatophore鞭毛基体 flagellar basal body异染质 volutin异染粒 matachromatic granules致死颗粒 killer particle紫膜 purple membrane噬菌体 bacteriophage无囊盖类 inoperculatae超显微微生物 ultramicroscopic organism 微生物专业词汇_真菌学菌丝 hypha菌髓 trama假菌丝体 pseudomycelium气生菌丝体 aerial mycelium基内菌丝体 substrate mycelium球拍状菌丝体 racquet mycelium结节状菌丝 nodular mycelium梳状菌丝 pectinafe mycelium螺旋菌丝 spiral mycelium匍匐菌丝 stolon次生菌丝体 secondary mycelium有隔菌丝 septate hypha无隔菌丝 nonseptate hypha生殖菌丝体 reproductive mycelium 营养菌丝体 vegetative mycelium不育菌丝体 sterile mycelium菌丝体 mycelium黄癣菌丝 favic chandelier mycelium 产囊丝 ascogenous hypha产囊体 ascogonium原植体 thallus粘菌体 aethalium合胞体 syncytium虫菌体 hyphal body盾状体 clypeus子实体 fruiting body产孢体 gleba子实层体 hymenophore子实层 hymenium子实下层 subhymenium菌丝层 subiculum菌丝段 hyphal fragment菌丝束 coremium菌丝索 funiculus菌核 sclerotium器菌核 pycnosclerotium菌环 annulus菌裙 indusium菌盖 pileus顶体 apicle藏卵器 oogonium雄器 antheridium[锈菌]性孢子器 pycnium锈子器 aecium精子器 spermogonium囊状体 cystidium粉孢子梗 oidiophore小梗 sterigma接合孢子柄 zygosporophore 孢囊柄 sporangiophore配囊柄 suspensor孢子梗 sporophore分生孢子梗 conidiophore 雄器柄 androphore帚状枝 penicillus瓶梗 phialide梗基 metulae芽孔 germ pore芽管 germ tube芽缝 germ slit孢丝 capillitium周丝 periphysis类周丝 periphysoid侧丝 paraphysis拟侧丝 pseudoparaphysis类侧丝 paraphysoid[孢子]外壁 exosporium外生菌根 ectomycorrhiza内生菌根 endomycorrhiza内外生菌根 ectendomycorrhiza泡囊丛枝菌根 vesicular-arbuscular mycorrhiza 刺突 spike弹丝 elater刚毛 seta微体 microbody泡囊 vesicle隔膜 septum假隔膜 pseudoseptum分生孢子盘 acervulus分生孢子座 sporodochium精子团 spermatium囊基膜 hypothallus囊层基 hypothecium囊层被 epithecium囊间丝 hamathecium囊托 apophysis囊领 collarette囊轴 columella孔口 ostiole菌托 volva孢子角 cirrus孢子球 spore ball孢子印 spore print聚簇 cluster[菌丝]融合 anastomosis [孢子]切落 abjunction [孢子]缢断 abstriction 多态[现象] polymorphism 缢缩[作用] constriction 粉孢子 oidium孢子 spore掷孢子 ballistospore厚壁孢子 chlamydospore 环痕孢子 annellospore 节孢子 arthrospore卷旋孢子 helicospore腊肠形孢子 allantospore 孔出孢子 porospore星形孢子 staurospore线形孢子 scolecospore砖格孢子 dictyospore侧生孢子 aleuriospore芽生孢子 blastospore瓶梗孢子 phialospore无梗孢子 thallospore分生孢子 conidium大分生孢子 macroconidium小分生孢子 microconidium节分生孢子 arthroconidium芽分生孢子 blastoconidium器孢子 pycnidiospore无隔孢子 amerospore双胞孢子 didymospore多隔孢子 phragmospore休眠孢子 hypnospore顶生孢子 acrospore顶生厚壁孢子 fuseau内分生孢子 endoconidium担孢子 basidiospore双孢担孢子 dispore同形孢子 isospore柄生孢子 stylospore[锈菌]性孢子 pycniospore产雄器孢子 androspore锈孢子 aeciospore夏孢子 urediniospore, aeciospore冬孢子 teliospore四分孢子 tetraspore粘孢子 myxospore多核孢子 coenospore孢囊孢子 sporangiospore子囊孢子 ascospore多核细胞 coenocyte分生孢子果 conidiocarp分生孢子器 pycnidium孢[子]囊 sporangium柱孢子囊 merosporangium四分孢子囊 tetrasporangium原孢子囊 prosporangium多核孢子囊 coenosporangium休眠孢子囊 hypnosporangium子囊 ascus接合孢子 zygospore拟接合孢子 azygospore原囊壁子囊 prototunicate ascus单囊壁子囊 unitunicate ascus双囊壁子囊 bitunicate ascus子囊果 ascocarp子囊壳 perithecium闭囊壳 cleistothecium 闭囊果 cleistocarp盘状子囊果 discocarp孢囊果 sporangiocarp [接]合子 zygote单性合子 azygote多核合子 coenozygote异形合子 heterozygote合子核 zygotonucleus游动合子 planozygote担子 basidium半担子 hemibasidium隔担子 heterobasidium无隔担子 holobasidium有隔担子 phragmobasidium 内生担子 endobasidium原担子 protobasidium上担子 epibasidium下担子 hypobasidium同担子 homobasidium担子果 basidiocarp担子体 basidiophore配子 gamete原配子 progamete雄配子 androgamete雄核发育 androgenesis同形配子 isogamete异形配子 heterogamete游动配子 zoogamete多核配子 coenogamete配子囊 gametangium配子母细胞 gametocyte同形配子囊 isogametangium 原配子囊 progametangium 小孢子囊 sporangiole微包囊 microcyst足细胞 foot cell脚胞 foot cell固着器 holdfast附着枝 hyphopodium吸盘 sucker锁状细胞 clamp cell锁状联合 clamp connection 偶核细胞 zeugite卵球 oosphere卵质 ooplasm孢原质 sporoplasm卵配子 oogamete卵孢子 oospore球状胞 sphaerocyst子囊腔 locule子囊盘 apothecium子囊座 ascostroma缝裂壳 hysterothecium下子座 hypostroma 包被 peridium子座 stroma壳心 centrum拟包被 pseudoperidium无融合生殖 apomixis同宗配合 homothallism准性生殖 parasexuality异宗配合 heterothallism同配生殖 isogamy异配生殖 heterogamy无配生殖 apogamy配囊交配 gametangial copulation 交配型 mating type全型 holomorph夏孢子期 uredostage冬孢子堆 teleutosorus, telium 夏孢子堆 uredinium子囊孢子形成 ascosporulation孢子形成 sporulation。