globalization
全球化定义
全球化
❖指在跨國行動者，及其權力、機 會、取向、認同和網路運作下， 民族國家及其主權受到打壓及穿 透的過程
全球地方化(glocalization)
❖ 「同質化」(homogenization)對照「異質化」 (heterogenization)的爭論是全球化的核心特點
❖ 全球化現象在演變過程中會造成「特殊性」 (particularism)的普遍化與「普遍性」 (universalism)的特殊化
界定
❖ 從經濟制高點談起 ❖ 從此端到彼端，有沒有第三條路？ ❖ 從民族國家（失望、傷心地）
到全球化（希望、應許地） ❖ 疆界消失、時間壓縮 ❖ 想為全球化定位，就好比想把布丁釘
入牆上
著名的定義 1
❖ 全球化是距離的消失，被捲入經常是非人所願、未被 理解的生活形式（U. Beck）
❖ 全球化指涉的是空間與時間（概念）的轉變，是一種 對遠方（或接受遠方）的效應（A. Giddens）
❖ 將全球化過程所涵蓋的多重面向，簡化 到經濟層面。
❖ 認為生態環保的、文化及消費的、政治 的、社會福利的、公民社會的全球化， 要放在世界市場經濟體系的支配下，才 有其意義
全球性
❖ 指當前我們生活的世界社會 ❖ 傳統民族國家疆界的理念，已無法解釋
媒體中的全球報導、跨國生活模式、溫 室效應、跨國性買主抵制等現象 ❖ 我們生活在一個差異、多樣性，沒有統 一的世界社會中
多層次定義
❖ 硬核層是經濟全球化，包括資金、訊息、商品、 服務在全球範圍遠距離的流動
❖ 第二層是環境全球化，空中和海洋遠距離的物質 傳送，影響全球環境的污染和生態保護
❖ 第三層是軍事全球化，就是使用毀滅性武力的危 險，促使全球軍事上的聯繫
❖ 第四層是社會與文化的全球化，包括宗教的傳播、 科技與管理知識的推展和文化的交流
全球化优缺点英文版
全球化优缺点英文版Globalization refers to the increasing interconnectedness and interdependence of countries and their economies, as well as the flow of goods, services, information, and people across national borders. Here are some of the advantages and disadvantages of globalization:Advantages:1. Economic growth: Globalization can lead to increased economic growth by facilitating the flow of capital, technology, and expertise across borders.2. Access to new markets: Globalization provides businesses with access to new markets and customers, which can lead to increased sales and profits.3. Cultural exchange: Globalization allows for the exchange of ideas, values, and cultural practices, leading to greater cultural diversity and understanding.4. Innovation: Globalization can foster innovation by allowing for the exchange of knowledge and best practices across different countries and industries.Disadvantages:1. Growing inequality: Globalization can exacerbate income inequality within and between countries, as wealth and opportunities may be concentrated in the hands of a few.2. Environmental impact: Globalization can lead to increased environmental degradation due to the expansion of production and consumption, as well as the transportationof goods over long distances.3. Loss of cultural identity: Globalization can lead to the homogenization of cultures, as local traditions and customs may be overshadowed by globalized consumer culture.4. Vulnerability to global shocks: Globalization can make countries more vulnerable to global economic andfinancial shocks, as well as health crises and other global challenges.In conclusion, while globalization has brought about many benefits such as economic growth and cultural exchange, it also presents challenges such as growing inequality and environmental impact. It is important for policymakers and stakeholders to address these challenges in order to ensure that the benefits of globalization are shared moreequitably and sustainably.。
glocalization的概念
glocalization的概念
Glocalization是一个词语的结合体，由globalization（全球化）和localization （本土化）组成。
它指的是全球化和本土化的结合和融合过程。
在全球化的背景下，不同国家和地区之间的交流和互动日益频繁，商品、文化、信息等跨国流动也越来越普遍。
然而，由于不同文化背景、价值观和消费习惯的存在，单一的全球化标准往往难以满足各个国家和地区的需求。
于是，Glocalization的概念应运而生。
它认为全球化是一个多元的过程，需要兼顾全球和本地的需求和差异。
通过将全球化的思想与本土化的特点结合起来，各种产品和服务可以根据不同国家和地区的需求进行调整和定制。
Glocalization旨在平衡全球标准和本地差异，使产品在尊重本土文化的同时，又具有全球视野和竞争力。
它强调保持本土特色和文化传统，并在此基础上吸纳全球化的元素，以适应当地市场的需求。
总的来说，Glocalization是一个在全球化浪潮中寻求平衡的概念，旨在在全球化的基础上保持本地特色和需求。
它体现了全球和本地的融合，同时也呼应了全球化不可避免的多样性和差异性。
3全球化概念,全球化维度,全球化与国家、区域、城市、跨国公司
Source: Index of Economic Freedom, Heritage Foundation, 2008
时间框架
全球化何时开始？
古代
现代时期
后现代
历史开始起
19世纪
二战以后
基础
ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้
探险、战争与贸易 大众生产与消费 自由贸易
加速
殖民主义探险时期 工业革命
电讯系统与交通 技术
系统 形态
帝国主义 / 重商业 主义
帝国
帝国主义 / 资本主 义
民族国家
资本主义 / 公司 主义（团体主义）
经济集团
全球化的维度
1 经济全球化（Economic Globalization） 世界经济通过全球生产、全球市场、全球金融的 安排形成全球化。
跨国公司通过全球范围的运作引起新的国际劳动 分工，即制造业部门从发达国家向发展中国家转 移。
• 放松管制（De-regulation）: cut down the rules and regulations of the state
• 机构精简（Downsizing）: cut down the size of the state bureaucracy
• 私有化（Privatization）: cut down the public sector, sell it off to provide more space for the private sector
“a process (or set of processes) which embodies a transformation in the spatial organization of social relations and transactions - assessed in terms of their extensity, intensity, velocity and impact generating transcontinental or interregional flows and networks of activity” (David Held)
Globalization
reflected areas
Benefits· Economic
Economic globalization is advantageous to make better
use of the international market and resources to
develop our own. Economic globalization offers more job opportunities and has a major effect on wages and income distribution.
Benefits· Cultural
Cultural globalization promotes cross-cultural contacts
and spread foreign culture to china.
Cultural globalization develops our own culture and we can gain much knowledge from other countries and a wide range of lifestyles, which makes our life colorful.
Benefits· Political
Many international Union) institutions has been Trade
established under globalization ， such as the
EU(European 、 WTO(World Organization)、 TPP(Trans-Pacific Partnership).
Economic globalization means market economic globalization, market economy has blindness, spontaneity（自发性）, hysteresis （迟滞性） and other shortcomings. One country ’ s slack enconomy can effect the whole world. In recent years, China ’ s economy has been influenced by American great depression. The influx of the large number of foreign companies hinder the development of domestic enterprises. And these foreign companies caused lots of environmental problems.
globalization英语作文
Globalization refers to the process of increased interconnectedness and interdependence among countries,facilitated by advances in technology,transportation, and communication.This essay will explore the various dimensions of globalization,its benefits,and challenges.Introduction to GlobalizationGlobalization has been a significant force shaping the world economy and society.It involves the exchange of goods,services,information,and culture across borders.The concept has been around for centuries,but it has accelerated dramatically in the last few decades due to technological advancements.Economic Aspects of GlobalizationEconomic globalization is characterized by the liberalization of trade and investment policies,which has led to the growth of multinational corporations and the expansion of international trade.This has resulted in increased economic efficiency and the spread of new technologies and products worldwide.Trade Liberalization:The reduction of tariffs and other trade barriers has allowed for the free flow of goods and services,benefiting consumers through lower prices and a wider variety of products.Investment:Foreign direct investment has increased,leading to the creation of jobs and the transfer of technology and management practices.Cultural Dimensions of GlobalizationCultural globalization involves the spread of cultural practices,values,and ideas.This has led to a greater awareness and appreciation of different cultures,but also to concerns about cultural homogenization.Media and Technology:The internet and social media have played a crucial role in spreading cultural content,allowing people to access and share information globally. Cultural Exchange:The exchange of cultural practices,such as music,food,and fashion, has enriched societies but also raised questions about the preservation of local cultures. Social Implications of GlobalizationGlobalization has social implications that affect communities and individuals in various ways.Migration:The ease of travel and the search for better opportunities have led to increased migration,which can strain social services and labor markets but also contribute to cultural diversity.Education:Access to global educational resources has improved,but disparities in access to quality education remain a concern.Environmental Impact of GlobalizationThe environmental impact of globalization is a critical concern,as increased production and consumption patterns have led to greater resource depletion and environmental degradation.Climate Change:The global nature of climate change requires international cooperation and has spurred discussions on sustainable development and green technologies. Resource Management:The demand for resources has increased,leading to issues such as deforestation and overfishing,which require global solutions.Challenges of GlobalizationWhile globalization offers many benefits,it also presents challenges that need to be addressed.Inequality:The benefits of globalization are not evenly distributed,leading to concerns about income inequality both within and between countries.Economic Instability:Global financial systems are more interconnected,which can lead to rapid spread of economic crises.ConclusionGlobalization is a complex and multifaceted phenomenon that has transformed the world in profound ways.It offers opportunities for economic growth,cultural exchange,and technological advancement,but also poses challenges that require thoughtful and collaborative solutions.As we move forward,it is essential to balance the benefits of globalization with the need to address its negative impacts,ensuring that it serves the interests of all people and the planet.。
Unit 4 Globalization全球化
Para. 1 Para. 2 William Browder says “national ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้akes no difference for me.” _________________ identity
19
Davos Man
the global elite of wealthy men whose members view themselves as completely international http://chuansong.me/n/1490785351829
20
Text Organization
share at least one belief: that globalization, the unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology across national borders, is both welcome and unstoppable.
4
Discussion
• What has globalization brought to us? (economy, politics, culture, education, positive, negative influence. etc.)
5
/ˈdævɒs/
Text A In Search of Davos Man
10
Davos and WEF
Davos is host to the World Economic Forum (WEF), an annual meeting of global political and business elites (often referred to simply as Davos) at the end of January.
全球化(globalization)
Good morning, everyone!I am deeply honored to give this speech, today, what I want to say is the impact of globalization and the attitude we should hold. 我深感荣幸做这次演讲，今天，我想说是全球化的影响以及我们应该持有的态度。
In most people’s minds, globalization refers to the unimpeded flows of capital, labor and technology across national borders, the world is gradually becoming a whole,connected and indivisible. Globalization is the inevitable trend of the development of human society, and it is changing the world. 在大多数人心目中，全球化是指资本、劳动力和技术不受阻碍的跨国界流动，世界正逐渐成为一个整体，相互连接、不可分割。
全球化是人类社会发展的必然趋势，它正改变着世界。
In the era of economic globalization, cross-border transactions are everywhere. Many people engage in abroad business, as a result, some people’s national awareness gradually turns to be very weak. There are even some people saying that national identity makes no difference for them. I don't agree with this idea at all.There is a saying that businessmen feel at home wherever they are.However,as a matter of fact,each businessman has only one home,the place where he was born and grew up.Cite an example,a Chinese who has been working overseas for many years can't lose his sense of national awareness to China because of the long time stay in the overseas.Working abroad gives him the material life he wants,but his roots are still in China,which is his emotional attribution.He is a Chinese wherever he is,this sense of belonging can’t be lost. 在经济全球化的时代，跨境交易无处不在。
全球化的定义
全球化的定义全球化（globalization）一词，是一种概念，也是一种人类社会发展的现象过程。
全球化目前有诸多定义，通常意义上的全球化是指全球联系不断增强，人类生活在全球规模的基础上发展及全球意识的崛起。
国与国之间在政治、经济贸易上互相依存。
经济全球化经济球化是当代世界经济的重要特征之一，也是世界经济发展的重要趋势。
它是人类从彼此分隔的多中心时代逐步走向全球性社会的历史变迁过程。
经济全球化带来了资本的全球化，贸易全球化，金融国际化，企业的全球化，经济信息化，市场经济体制的全球化。
对我国来说，经济全球化促使中国从20世纪70年代末开始了改革开放，随后又逐步建立起社会主义市场经济体制、加入WTO，使得中国综合国力得到了明显增强。
但与此同时呢也给中国经济安全和国家主权带来了巨大挑战。
目前，经济全球化已远远超出经济领域，正在对国际政治、安全、社会和文化等领域产生日益广泛的影响。
“现在世界上真正的大问题，带全球性的战略问题，一个是和平问题，一个是经济问题或者说发展问题。
”正是经济全球化使发展问题上升为全球问题。
一般来说，经济全球化是指商品、劳务、技术、货币、资本在全球大量流动，使各国经济紧密联系，日益互相依赖的经济现象。
其根本原因是世界生产力的发展与推动。
中国也是发展中国家的一员。
随着改革开放和社会主义现代化建设的深入发展，处于经济全球化浪潮中的中国，与世界经济的整体联系日趋紧密。
可以肯定，经济全球化对我国的建设和发展必将产生越来越广泛而深刻的影响：既是新的发展机遇，也是严峻的挑战。
（一）促进发展模式创新全球化促进生产、资源、人员、贸易、投资和金融等生产要素全球优化配置、降低成本和提高效率。
跨国公司已发展到在全球布设研发、生产、销售链条的全球公司阶段。
经验显示，一国经济开放度提高与其人均GDP增长之间成正比。
无论一个国家的发展模式如何调整变化，不考虑全球化因素，不利用全球化机遇，就不可能探索出先进的发展模式。
globalization
The definition of culture
Social and historical development of mankind in the process of creation of material wealth and spiritual wealth. 人类在社会历史发展过程中所创造的物 质财富和精神财富的总和。
1. one view does not exist" globalization of culture ", " cultural globalization "to" globalization "concept of universal; 2. globalization "is" cultural
流动，经历了跨国化、局部的国际化以及全球 化这几个发展阶段。货物与资本的跨国流动是 全球化的最初形态。在此过程中，出现了相应
的地区性、国际性的经济管理组织与经济实体， 以及文化、生活方式、价值观念、意识形态等 精神力量的跨国交流、碰撞、冲突与融合。
Developing Process
Globalization is in the world scope since 1980s emerging new phenomenon, is the basic characteristic of the times. Generally speaking, from the material form, globalization refers to the
The benefits of globalization is not universal. The rich are getting richer
全球化英文
全球化英文GlobalizationGlobalization refers to the integration of economies, societies, and cultures all over the world. It is a phenomenon that is driven by advancements in technology, transportation, and communication. Globalization has made the world a smaller place and has led to increased interconnectedness and interdependence among nations. It has also brought about both positive and negative effects on individuals, communities, and countries.One of the most significant impacts of globalization is the increase in international trade and investment. Companies can now easily expand beyond their own borders to seek better opportunities and access new markets. This has led to the proliferation of multinational corporations and the growth of global supply chains. While this has resulted in greater efficiency and economic growth, it has also raised concerns about exploitation of cheap labor, environmental degradation, and loss of local industries.Globalization has also brought about the movement of people across borders. Millions of people migrate to other countries in search of better opportunities, resulting in cultural diversity and the integration of different cultures. However, it has also led to issues such as displacement of local communities, cultural clashes, and strained resources in host countries.Another significant impact of globalization is the spread of technology and information. The internet and social media have made communication and information-sharing faster and more accessible. This has led to greaterglobal awareness of social and environmental issues, as well as increased opportunities for education and entrepreneurship. However, it has also led to issues such as cybercrime, misinformation, and privacy concerns.Globalization has also had significant effects on the environment. The increase in international trade has led to the rise in transportation emissions and the degradation of natural resources. Climate change and environmental degradation are global issues that require global solutions.Despite the numerous challenges posed by globalization, it has also brought about significant positive changes. It has increased access to education, healthcare, and technology, and has brought about cultural exchange and appreciation. It has also led to a reduction in global poverty and an increase in living standards in many parts of the world.In conclusion, globalization is a complex phenomenon that has brought about both positive and negative effects. It has led to greater interconnectedness among nations and increased economic growth, but has also raised concerns about exploitation, cultural clashes, and environmental degradation. It is important to address the challenges posed by globalization while also embracing its positive aspects in order to create a more equitable and sustainable global community.。
Unit 4 Globalization 词汇介绍
entitled [ in'taitld ]
adj. 有资格的；给与名称的 誉（entitle的过去分词） v. 给…权利；给…定书名；授…以荣
Entitle vt. 称做…；定名为…；给…称号；使…有权利 例句：That, in turn, can sometimes entitle them to, say, a free coffee or pizza. 词根： entitle n. entitlement 权利；津贴 vt. entitle 称做…；定名为…；给…称号；使…有权利
a handful of
一把；少量的；一小部分
例句：Only a handful of Americans -- or any Westerners, for that matter -- have been allowed to go there.
辨析： fewness , the minority , a handful of Fewness n. 少数 n. the quality of being small in number 例句：However, all-around research in area of relevant methods and theory is fewness . the minority n. 少数 例句：Yes, there are some exceptions to this rule, but they are in the minority.
Asset
英 ['æ set]
美 ['æ sɛt]
n. 资产；优点；有用的东西；有利条件；财产；有价值的人或物 n. （法）阿塞（人名） 近义词：n. [经]资产；优点；有用的东西；有利条件 substance , virtue, advantage, finances 辨析： substance n. 物质；实质；资产；主旨 Virtue n. 美德；优点；贞操；功效 Advantage n. 优势；利益；有利条件 Finances n. 资产；财源
核心概念——经济全球化
联系点：英国对中国发动两次鸦片战争；清朝战败，被迫签 订《南京条约》《天津条约》《北京条约》；中国逐渐卷 入资本主义世界市场，沦为列强的原料产地和商品倾销市 场。
材料二 列宁所说，“帝国主义就是货币资本大量积聚于少数国家”（ 列宁：《帝国主义是资本主义的最高阶段》第90页），因而这些国家 的垄断资本家就需要有极其巨大的投资场所，这是一方面。另一方面 ，由于垄断的统治，上述资本主义生产过程的“健康的、正常的”发 展所需要的剥削程度，已经不再是平均利润，而是远远高出于平均利 润的垄断高额利润。而且，在各个发达资本主义国家里，在那些垄断 占了统治地位的部门里，能够获得垄断高额利润的投资场所早就被垄 断组织霸占了。这样，对于那些手里积聚了数量极其巨大的货币资本 的垄断资本家来说，在本国能够获利的投资场所就十分不够了。因此 ，在一些发达资本主义国家里，过剩资本就达到了空前未有的规模。
材料一《共产党宣言》中指出：“美洲的发现、绕过非洲的航行，给 新兴的资产阶级开辟了新天地。东印度和中国的市场、美洲的殖民化、 对殖民地的贸易、交换手段和一般商品的增加，使商业、航运业和工 业空前高涨，因而使正在崩溃的封建社会内部的革命因素迅速发展。
切入点：促进欧洲资本的原始积累和社会转型。
材料二 “英国在印度要完成双重的使命：一个是破坏性的使命，即 消灭旧的亚洲式的社会；另一个是建设性的使命，即在亚洲为西方式 的社会奠定物质基础。
和资本输出，瓜分殖民地和势力范围 …… 3.影响：确立国际经济交流的基本准则；
第一次在全球范围形成劳动分工的基本格局； 资本主义主导的世界市场最终确立； 20世纪初资本主义世界体系完成。
蒸汽革命后的世界贸易形势（英国世界工厂）
全球化(英语课件)
Sentance
1.We know that globalisation can be a force for good .我们知道，全球化 全球化会成为一股有利 全球化 的力量。 2.The industry is increasingly global and is a long -cycle business with heavy investment demands .汽车业越来越全球化 全球化，而且是一个需要巨额投资的长周期产业。 3.In the 全球化 current world economic climate and against the background of globalisation , a strong partnership is essential to capitalise on mutual strengths .在当前世界经济环境和全球化 全球化 背景下，牢固的合作关系对于发挥彼此的优势是至关重要的。 4.In these uncertain times , there is every reason to believe – in spite of the relentless march of globalisation – that the indies of the world will continue to thrive .在当前充满不 确定性的时期，我们完全有理由相信，尽管全球化 全球化进程会不懈发展，但全球的独立企业会 全球化 继续繁荣发展。 5.The Secretary -General launched a blistering attack on the phenomenon of economic globalization . He charged that while globalization brings people together in theory , in practice it drives them apart .联合国秘书长发起了对世界全球经济化的强烈抨击。他表示 理论上全球化 全球化使人们走到一起，但事实上却导致分离。6.However, with the advance of 全球化 the intellective economy and economy globalization, international trade has been changed distinctly and the Theory of Comparative Advantage shows critical defect. 然而， 随着知识经济的兴起及经济全球化的推进，国际贸易发生显著变化，比较优势理论暴露出 严重缺陷，以比较优势理论为外贸指导的发展中国家也陷入“比较优势陷阱”。
全球化的利弊
• 19th century Great Britain became the first global economic superpower, because of superior manufacturing technology and improved global communications such as steamships and railroads.
Байду номын сангаас
Modern international sports events can be big business for as well as influencing the political, economical, and other cultural aspects of countries around the world. Especially with politics and sports, sports can affect countries, their identities, and in consequence, the world. 现代国际体育赛事可以大企业以及影响 政治，经济，和世界各国的文化的其他 方面。特别是政治和体育，体育可以影 响的国家，他们的身份，因而，世界。
After the Second World War, work by politicians led to the Bretton Woods conference, an agreement by major governments to lay down the framework for international monetary policy, commerce and finance, and the founding of several international institutions intended to facilitate economic growth multiple rounds of trade opening simplified and lowered trade barriers.
全球化英语演讲globalization
Globalization makes the world smaller We can play game with foreigner and Watch foreign movie，and listen foreign music .On the other hand we should be hold that we must protect our traditional culture well it‟s our duty to heir the colorful culture created by our ancestors and treasure it for our posteriors.
Interneቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱ
TV
newspaper
Culture globalization
• globalization promotes cross-culture contact and people„s participation in a “world culture”。On the whole, with the globalization today, all kinds of culture come together, it‟s no wonder come out the culture collision. What we should do is not all excluding and all excepting when we except the foreign things.
three aspects to introduce globalization • Economic globalization • Information globalization • Culture globalization
Globalization
Influence
◆Economic : globalization offers more job opportunities and has a major effect on wages and income distribution. ◆ Political : under the effect of globalization, many international institutions have been established, such as the EU, the WTO, the G8 or the International Criminal Court.
How do you think the chance of globalization take for China?
◆We should see its benefits, but also to see its disadvantages, the only way to better play its good side, to better promote the economic development of our country, to survive in the wave of globalization.
▲ The employment competition ▲ The deterioration of the environment ▲ The impact of local culture
VS
More and more young people choose to be romantic at 2.14 Valentine‘s Day. But more and more people forget the Tanabata festival on the seventh evening of the seventh moon in lunar calendar.
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When we enter into the 20th century ,a word is heard all over the world---globalization.someone may consider it as a great invention of human history,and by contrast,the other just think it terrible to be associated with other countries all the time.
From my point of view,countries really benefit a lot from the globalization.with the arrival of electronic business,it becomes extremely convenient for investment,just a click on your computer.a large deal of money flow from one side on the planet to the other side at once.what’s more,globalization provides considerable job opportunities ,which ,as a consequence,will give impetus to the development of the working skills and facilities.Also,the competition among companies from different countries has pushed the decreasing of the product’s price,and lay a great pressure on the managers of the company to seek for a better way to sell his goods,which actually benefits the customers.Furthermore, apart from the economic development ,globalization can be also seen in the cultural affairs such as education ,traveling and the sports and so on. Globalization can bring tremendous economic advantages, yet inevitably, there are still risks and challenges.
The inherent challenge in globalization involves culture conflict, which can cause a diminishing sense of dignity and individual identity and eventually, result in culture decline. In addition, with the trend of globalization, economic security is threatened. A financial crisis may spell trouble for more companies, especially those multinational companies which rely on the labor forces, equipment and raw materials of other nations. What’s more, those developed nations are more likely to manipulate the whole international markets, serve their own profit and make partial and biased rules and laws.
So, whether it is a curse or a blessing depends on us human beings. What we should do is to make the best use of the positive influences and attempt to manage the risks to make it more a blessing t han a curse.。