初三英语语法模块之非谓语动词
初中英语语法非谓语动词总结
初中英语语法 非谓语动词总结非谓语动词主要包括不定式、非谓语动词主要包括不定式、动名词和现在分词。
动名词和现在分词。
为了区分这三种不同的非谓语动词的用法和含义，动词的用法和含义，我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、我们将分别从三种非谓语动词在句子中做主语、宾语、宾语、宾语、宾语宾语补足语、补足语、定语、定语、定语、状语、状语、状语、表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含表语以及一些特殊结构句型等角度来区分其用法和细微含义。
义。
1．不定式和动名词作主语的区别．不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作；而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止禁止)here ．这里禁止抽烟。
(抽象) It is not very good for you to smoke so much ．你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
(具体) (2)动名词作主语时，通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting ．爬山很有趣。
(经验) Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring ．在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
(经验) (3）不定式做主语，一般用it 当形式主语，把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job. 2．不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1)不定式作表语不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作，特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither ．--次做两件事等于未做。
次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
2023年中考英语语法专项复习课件非谓语动词
现在分词表示主语的性质特征，过去 分词表示主语处于某种状态
补语
①Don’t keep us waiting for a long time.(不要让 我们等得太久。) ②He’ll have his hair cut after school.(放学后他 要去理发。)
现在分词作补语，被补足的宾语或主 语是它的逻辑主语；过去分词作补语 ，被补足的宾语或主语是它的逻辑宾 语
作定语
I am not free now.I have a lot of work to do. (我现在没空。我有很多工作要做。)
作状语
They will go to the station to meet their friend. (他们将去车站接他们的朋友。)
作宾语补足语 He told me to turn down the TV.(他告诉我把电视机的音量调小。)
(三)分词 1. 分词的构成和语法功能
分词分为现在分词和过去分词两种。现在分词由“动词原形＋-ing” 构成；过去分词的基本形式是“动词原形＋-ed”，但也有不规则的形式。
功能
例句
说明
①Do you know the girl standing under the tree？
定语
(你认识在树下站着的那个女孩吗？) ②Please hand in your written exercises.(请交上
1．—My parents don’t allow me ___A___ my phone on school days. —They are strict.But they always want the best for you. A．to use B．use C．using D．used 2．A group of elephants in Yunnan Province have trouble __D____ a proper living place.We should help them. A．find B．found C．to find D．finding 3．—Would you like to go out for dinner tonight? —No，I’d rather __C____ at home. A．to eat B．eating C．eat D．ate
初中英语语法非谓语动词
It is good of you to help me with my English. 你真好，帮助我学英语。 (强调you的特征=You are good to help me.) It is good for you to give up smoking. 戒烟对你有好处。 (强调的是give up smoking这一行为= For you to give up smoking is good.)
F、作定语（必须后置）
I have something to say . It’s the best way to help him .
1、had better 后 2、使让动词 make , let , have 用于主动语态时。 3、感官动词see, hear , watch , feel , notice 用在 “经常”的主动语态时。
Looking at a crowded street Listening to my own heart beat So many people all around the world Tell me where do I find someone like you girl Take me to your heart take me to your soul Give me your hand before I’m old Show me what love is - haven’t got a clue Show me that wonders can be true They say nothing lasts forever We’re only here today Love is now or never Bring me far away Take me to your heart take me to your soul Give me your hand and hold me Show me what love is - be my guiding star It’s easy take me to your heart Standing on a mountain high Looking at the moon through a clear blue sky I should go and see some friends But they don’t really comprehend Don’t need too much talking without saying anything All I need is someone who makes me wanna sing
初中英语语法大全之非谓语动词
The nation being threatened by nuclear radiation is calling for help. （being threatened作定语，表示被动+进行。） Being threatened by nuclear radiation, the nation is calling for help. （being threatened作状语，表示被动+进行。） He found a good house to live in. （ to live in 作定语，表示目的+将来。） He worked hard to earn enough money for a new house. （to earn 作状语，表示目的+将来）
动作由所修饰的名 词主动发出。
to do
He is the right man to do the job. I have no chance to go sightseeing.
done
The material used by the factory is from Thailand. The destroyed bridge needs repairing.
主动 被动
常见非谓语动词的用法
非谓语动词与逻辑主 语间的关系
非谓语动词的形式
主动 被动
doing （动作和谓语动词同时发生，或者基本上同时发生） having done （动作在谓语动词之前发生） to do（动作在谓语动词之后发生） done（动作在谓语动词之前已结束，或者不强调动作发生的具体时间） being done（动作和谓语动词同时发生） having been done（动作在谓语动词之前发生） to be done（动作发生在非谓语动词之后）
中考重点非谓语动词的用法
中考重点非谓语动词的用法非谓语动词是指在句子中充当动词功能但不与主语发生谓语关系的动词形式。
在中考英语考试中，非谓语动词是一个重要的考点。
掌握非谓语动词的用法，不仅可以提升阅读理解和写作的能力，还可以帮助学生正确运用语法知识。
一、不定式的用法不定式是非谓语动词中最常见的一种形式。
它可以作多种用法，如下：1. 作主语：不定式可以单独作为句子的主语，常用结构为：“to + 动词原形”。
例如：To learn a foreign language is not easy. 学一门外语并不容易。
2. 作宾语：不定式可以作动词的宾语，常用结构为：“动词 + 不定式”。
例如：I want to go to the park. 我想去公园。
3. 作表语：不定式可以作动词的表语，常用结构为：“be + 形容词 + 不定式”。
例如：My dream is to become a doctor. 我的梦想是成为一名医生。
4. 作定语：不定式可以修饰名词或代词，常用结构为：“名词/代词+ 不定式”。
例如：I need a pen to write a letter. 我需要一支笔来写信。
5. 作状语：不定式可以表示目的、结果、原因等，常用结构为：“为了/以便/以确保/以防止/以免 + 动词原形”。
例如：He went to the library to borrow some books. 他去图书馆借书。
二、现在分词的用法现在分词是以-ing结尾的动词形式，它可以表示主动, 进行或被动的意义，常用于以下情况：1. 作定语：现在分词可以修饰名词或代词，常用结构为：“名词/代词 + 现在分词”。
例如：The running dog is very fast. 跑步的狗跑得很快。
2. 作状语：现在分词可以表示时间、原因、条件等，常用结构为：“现在分词 + 其他成分”或“由现在分词构成短语”。
例如：Feeling tired, she decided to take a nap. 感到疲倦，她决定小睡一会儿。
初中英语语法知识复习集之非谓语动词
非谓语动词定义在句中不充当谓语的动词，叫做非谓语动词三种形式to do 要做去做还未做(plan/decide/...)doing 做过常做正在做（regret/like/busy）done 完成或者被动(finished/fallen leaves/falling leaves)注意：1.其他的动词形式均是谓语动词，如do，does，did,have/has done等；2.中考英语中必考的时态题、祈使句其实就是考察为谓语动词形式。
九个+doing：“饿狼厕所门口放炮却不死”E L C S M K F P B Sdoing E: enjoy 喜欢做某事L: look forward to 期盼做某事C: can't help doing sth 情不自禁做某事M: mind 介意做某事K: keep 坚持做某事F: finish 完成做某事P: practise 练习做某事B: busy/worth 忙于/值得做某事S: spend 花费做某事九个+to do：“土豆片胖娃娃哦”to do T：tell 告诉D：decide 决定P：promise 承诺，允诺P：plan 计划Wa：would like，ask 想要，请求Wa：want，allow 想要，允许O：offer 主动提供，提出接不定式或动名词作宾语意思相同的动词like to do sth./like doing sth. 喜欢做某事love to do sth./love doing sth. 喜欢做某事hate to do sth./hate doing sth. 讨厌做某事prefer to do sth./prefer doing sth. 宁可做某事begin to do sth./begin doing sth. 开始做某事start to do sth./start doing sth. 开始做某事continue to do sth./continue doing sth. 继续做某事接不定式或动名词作宾语意思不同的动词to do 表示“未发生”doing 表示“已发生”forget 忘记要做某事忘记做过某事remember 记得要去做某事记得做过某事stop 停下一切去做某事停止正在做的事regret 遗憾未做某事后悔做了某事try 尽力做某事尝试做某事mean 打算做某事意味着做某事can't help 不能帮助做某事情不自禁做某事go on 做完某事后接着做另一件事继续做同一件事动词不定式省略to的三种情况1.使役动词使/让某人做某事使/让某人....make make sb do sth make sb+ adjlet let sb do sth let sb +adj2.感官实义动词doing 表示“正发生；反复的动作”do表示“经常发生；动作全过程”see 看见某人正在做某事看见某人经常做某事/全过程watch 看见某人正在做某事看见某人经常做某事/全过程hear 听见某人正在做某事听见某人经常做某事/全过程notice 注意到某人正在做某事听见某人经常做某事/全过程3.had better（not）do sth最好做某事/would rather（not）do sth宁愿做某事4.help to (do) sth注意：在用于被动语态时，to要还原She is made to our monitor.动词不定式to do 的用法①作主语It’s nice to hear from you.②作宾语I forgot to lock the door.③作宾补He ordered her to leave at once.④作表语My job is to pick up letters.⑤作定语He is always the first one to get there.⑥作状语常常翻译成“为了...”。
初中英语时态学习之非谓语动词的重点
初中英语时态学习之非谓语动词的重点非谓语动词的含义非谓语动词首先是一种动词形式，其次是这种动词形式不能做谓语，综合这两点，我们将其叫做非谓语动词。
非谓语动词的形式非谓语动词包含四种形式，即不定式、动名词、现在分词和过去分词。
其中，每种形式按照发生时间和主被动又包括不同的子形式。
具体如下：非谓语动词是英语语法中的一个重要概念，它包括动名词、现在分词、过去分词和不定式等。
在句子中，非谓语动词通常不是谓语动词，而是作为主语、宾语、定语或状语等成分出现。
非谓语动词的四种形式如下:不定式:to+动词原形(表示目的)+其他成分(如主语、宾语、定语等)。
例如:I want to go to the movies.(我想去看电影)动名词:动名词是由动词变化而来，可以表示一种动作或状态。
动名词可以作为主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分出现。
例如:I enjoy playing soccer.(我喜欢踢足球)现在分词:现在分词是由动词变化而来，可以表示正在进行的动作。
现在分词可以作为主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分出现。
例如:She is studying for her exam.(她在为考试学习)过去分词:过去分词是由动词变化而来，可以表示已经完成的动作。
过去分词可以作为主语、宾语、表语或定语等成分出现。
例如:He has finished his homework.(他已经做完了作业)需要注意的是，每种形式的子形式也不同。
例如，不定式的完成时态为to have done,动名词的完成时态为had done,现在分词的完成时态为had been doing,过去分词的完成时态为had been done。
因此，在使用时需要根据具体情况选择相应的形式。
非谓语动词的语法非谓语动词除去不能做谓语之外，其它所有成分都可以做。
具体如下。
1. 不定式：做主语、宾语、表语、定语、状语和补语。
不定式是英语中的一种非谓语动词形式，它通常由to+动词原形构成。
初中英语知识点归纳非谓语动词的种类和用法
初中英语知识点归纳非谓语动词的种类和用法初中英语知识点归纳：非谓语动词的种类和用法非谓语动词是英语语法中的一种特殊形式，它不受主语的人称和数的限制，常用于强调或者作为动词的补充。
非谓语动词包括不定式、动名词和分词三种形式。
本文将对这三种非谓语动词的种类和用法进行归纳总结。
一、不定式 (Infinitives)不定式是动词的一种形式，通常由“to + 动词原形”构成。
不定式可以用作名词、形容词、状语和动词的宾语。
1. 作名词不定式作名词时可作主语、宾语、表语等。
例如：- To learn English is important for students. (作主语)- She decided to join the club. (作宾语)- Her dream is to become a doctor. (作表语)2. 作形容词不定式作形容词时用于修饰名词。
例如：- She has a book to read. (修饰名词book)不定式作状语时可以表示目的、结果、原因、条件等。
例如：- He went to the park to play basketball. (表示目的)- She studies hard to get good grades. (表示结果)- We woke up early to catch the train. (表示原因)- I need your help to finish the project. (表示条件)4. 作动词的宾语不定式可以作为动词的宾语，常见的动词有want, hope, like, love, hate等。
例如：- She wants to be a teacher when she grows up.- They hope to visit China next year.二、动名词 (Gerunds)动名词是以-ing结尾的动词形式，它可以作主语、宾语、表语、定语或者状语。
非谓语动词用法初三
非谓语动词用法初三对于初三的同学们来说，非谓语动词是英语语法中的一个重点和难点。
非谓语动词在句子中不充当谓语，却有着重要的作用。
接下来，让我们一起深入了解非谓语动词的用法。
非谓语动词主要包括动词不定式（to do）、动名词（doing）和分词（现在分词 doing 和过去分词 done）。
首先，咱们来聊聊动词不定式。
动词不定式具有名词、形容词和副词的特征，可以在句子中充当主语、宾语、定语、状语等成分。
作主语时，为了避免句子头重脚轻，常用 it 作形式主语，把真正的主语动词不定式后置。
比如：“It is important to learn English well”（学好英语很重要。
）作宾语的情况也不少见。
一些动词后常接动词不定式作宾语，比如“want to do”（想要做）、“decide to do”（决定做）等。
当作定语时，动词不定式通常放在被修饰的名词或代词之后。
例如：“I have a lot of homework to do”（我有很多作业要做。
）在状语方面，它可以表示目的、结果等。
“He came here to see me”（他来这儿是为了看我。
）这就是表示目的。
接下来是动名词。
动名词具有名词的特征，在句中可充当主语、宾语、表语等。
作主语时，谓语动词要用单数形式。
例如：“Swimming is good for your health”（游泳对你的健康有好处。
）作宾语时，常见的动词有“enjoy doing”（喜欢做）、“finish doing”（完成做）等。
然后是分词。
现在分词表示主动和进行，过去分词表示被动和完成。
现在分词作定语时，通常放在被修饰的名词之前。
比如：“a sleeping baby”（一个正在睡觉的婴儿）。
过去分词作定语时，一般放在被修饰的名词之后。
像“the book written by Lu Xun”（鲁迅写的书）。
在作状语时，现在分词表示伴随、原因等。
初中英语语法非谓语动词知识点讲解及专项练习
初中英语语法非谓语动词知识点讲解及专项练习一非谓语动词的概念在句子中充当除谓语以外的句子成分的动词形式叫做非谓语动词它不受人称和数的限制非谓语动词分为三种形式:不定式：to+动词原形动名词：动词原形+ing分词（现在分词和过去分词）二、动名词的用法动名词是由动词原形+ ing 构成，形式同现在分词形式一样，其否定形式是not + 动词原形+ ing。
1、动名词作主语：Talking like that is not polite. 那样谈话不礼貌。
Learning from others is important. 向别人学习很重要。
Putting on more clothes is not so good . 多穿衣服不一定好。
动名词作主语通常用一般式，可以像动词不定式一样，用it 先行词代替，而把动名词写在后面。
It's no use waiting here, let's go home. 在这儿等着也没用，我们回家吧。
It's very difficult climbing this mountain. 爬这座山很困难。
2、动名词作表语The nurse's job is looking after the patients. 护士的工作是护理病人。
Seeing is believing. 眼见为实。
3、动名词作定语She is studying in the reading room. 她在阅览室学习。
He slept in the sleeping bag. 他在睡袋里睡觉。
4、动名词作宾语Please stop smoking in the house. 请不要在家里抽烟。
I like reading in the forest. 我喜欢在树林里读书。
Do you mind my opening the windows? 你介意我打开窗户吗？She is found of collecting stamp. 她喜欢集邮。
初中英语语法之非谓语动词讲解(高中也可看)
非谓语动词:表示这个词虽然是个动词，但是不做谓语。
构成：（to）+动词原形动词不定式非在句中的作用（除谓语外的任何成分）谓语动名词：构成：V.-ing动词现在分词V. -ing /分词过去分词V.-ed（一）动词不定式构成：to+动词原形，否定形式在to前面加not。
注意：would like, like, want, wish, hope, decide, plan, expect，后只能用不定式作宾语，（二）动名词一般由“动词原形+ing”构成, 用下列句子来理解什么是动名词。
注意：英语中有一些词后面常跟动名词作宾语完成实践值得忙（finish, practice, be worth, be busy）继续习惯别放弃（keep on, be used to, give up）考虑建议不禁想（consider, suggest, can't help, feel like）喜欢思念要介意（enjoy, miss, mind）（三）分词现在分词常做定语：I don’t know the man talking with my father? I have a good friend living in Shanghai.I’m only able to look at nature through dirty curtains hanging before very dusty windows.注意下列句子中it的用法并且翻译下列句子。
1.Where is my dictionary? I can’t find it anywhere.2.The baby on the ground was crying and a woman picked it up.3.Your English is not so good. Have you realized it?4.What time is it by your watch? It is half past ten.5.It was much colder yesterday.6.It is early spring now.7.It is not far from my home to our school.8.It is a good habit to go to bed and get up early.9.It is no use reading without understanding.10.It is important for us to learn English well.11.I find it interesting to learn English.。
初中英语语法-非谓语动词
初中英语语法-⾮谓语动词⾮谓语动词⼀.定义：⾮谓语动词是指在句⼦中不是谓语的动词，即动词的⾮谓语形式。
约占中考10%。
⼆.分类：动词不定式、v-ing形式和过去分词。
1.动词不定式1)构成：(not) to do / (not) do2)句法功能：（1）作主语：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard. ⼗分钟之内完成这项⼯作是很难的。
To lose your heart means failure. 灰⼼意味着失败。
动词不定式短语作主语时，常⽤it作形式主语，真正的主语不定式置于句后，例如上⾯两句可⽤如下形式：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes. ⼗分钟之内完成这项⼯作是很难的。
It means failure to lose your heart. 灰⼼意味着失败。
常⽤句式：It+be+名词+to do sth.It takes sb.+some time+to do sth.It+be+形容词+of /forsb +to do sth.常⽤careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise,等表⽰赞扬或批评的形容词，不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语。
区别：当使⽤for时，句中形容词修饰的是不定式；It’s necessary for you to study hard .（necessary 修饰to study hard，表⽰学习努⼒是有必要的）⽽⽤of时，句中形容词修饰逻辑主语。
It’s fo olish of him to do it .（foolish 修饰逻辑主语him）（2）作表语：Her job is to clean the hall. 她的⼯作是打扫⼤厅。
英语语法非谓语动词
英语语法非谓语动词一、内容纲要二、内容简述（一）定义英语中的动词，根据其是否可以直接用作句子的谓语，可分为谓语动词和非谓语动词。
谓语动词，是指可以直接用作句子谓语的动词。
它会受主语的单复数的影响存在形式变化，也会有时态和语态的形式变化。
非谓语动词，是指不能直接用作句子谓语的动词。
它不受主语的单复数的影响，也没有时态和语态的变化。
（二）分类从狭义范围来讲，非谓语动词主要包括动名词（doing）、不定式（to do）和分词三大类，其中分词还可以分为现在分词（doing）和过去分词（done）。
从广义范围来讲，除了以上三种，助动词、系动词和情态动词也属于非谓语动词，因为它们虽然都是动词，但都不能直接用作句子的谓语。
（三）动名词（doing）动名词常用作句子的主语、宾语、表语或定语，如：主语：Swimming is my favourite sport.宾语：I like swimming best.表语：My favourite sport is swimming.定语：There is a swimming pool in my house. 【注意】1、动名词也常用作介词的宾语，如：I am very interested in reading.2、动名词有时会有自己的宾语，如：I like reading books.3、动名词有时会有自己的逻辑主语，如：My going there has been decided. / Do you mind me/my going there?（四）不定式（to do）动词不定式常用作句子的主语、宾语、表语、补语、定语或状语。
如：主语：To see is to believe.宾语：I want to visit him next week. 表语：My suggestion is to set out early tomorrow.补语：She told me to buy a book for her. 定语：He has something to do this afternoon. 状语：They got up early to catch the first train. 【注意】英语中有的动词后面只能跟不定式，有的只能跟动名词，也有的既可以跟动名词也可以跟不定式。
初三英语 语法模块之非谓语动词
初三英语语法模块之非谓语动词-CAL-FENGHAI.-(YICAI)-Company One12016年寒假英语初三组非谓语动词知识目标1.学习非谓语动词的定义2.掌握非谓语动词的结构以及变化规则3.了解非谓语动词的重难点:常可省略不定式to的情况既可以加不定式也可以加ing的情况Part I Introduction请用所给单词的正确形式填空，并指出所填写单词是否为非谓语。
若是非谓语，问：非谓语在此处做什么成分？1. Lao Lishi was the first person in Zhanjiang _________(win) the Olympic golden medal.2. ---Have you decided where _________(take) your wedding holiday---Not yet.3. Phelps almost devoted all his childhood to practice ___________(swim).4. My grandparents live in a small village ________(call) Xinpo.5. After _________(do) the laundry, she went on _________(do) some gardening.Part II Grammar Focus一、非谓语的定义：在简单句中不能作谓语的动词的词是非谓语动词。
根据动词是否在句中作谓语，我们也可以把动词分为____________和_____________两种。
掌握内容________________________二、 非谓语的构成：三、非谓语的用法：1.作主语：(1) 不定式做主语：考点 ：不定式作主语时，常用it 做形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末, 其结构为_______________________________ 例：To learn a foreign language is not easy.It is not easy to learn a foreign language.注意：在kind, good, nice, clever 等表示人的品质的形容词后，用of 。
初中英语语法讲解非谓语动词
初中英语语法讲解：非谓语动词定义及构成非谓语动词主要包括不定式&动名词&分词〔现在分词和过去分词〕,.即动词的非谓语形式除了不能独立作谓语外,可以承担句子的任何成分它有三种形式：不定式,分词〔现在分词、过去分词〕,动名词1．非谓语动词与谓语动词的相同点有：〔1〕如果是及物动词都可与宾语连用,例如：They built a garden.They suggested building a garden.〔2〕都可以被状语修饰：The suit fits him very well.The suit used to fit him very well.〔3〕都有主动与被动, "体"式〔一般式；进行式；完成式〕的变化.例如：He was punished by his parents.〔谓语动词被动语态〕He avoided being punished by his parents.〔动名词的被动式〕We have written the composition.〔谓语动词的完成时〕Having written the composition, we handed it in.〔现在分词的完成式〕〔4〕都可以有逻辑主语They started the work at once.〔谓语动词的逻辑主语〕The boss ordered them to start the work.〔动词不定式的逻辑主语〕We are League members.〔谓语动词的主语〕We being League member, the work was well done.〔现在分词的逻辑主语〕2、非谓语动词与谓语动词的不同点有：〔1〕非谓语动词可以有名词作用〔如动词不定式和动名词〕,在句中做主语、宾语、表语.〔2〕非谓语动词可以有形容词作用〔如动词不定式和分词〕,在句中做定语、表语或宾语补足语.〔3〕非谓语动词可以有副词作用〔如动词不定式和分词〕,在句中作状语.〔4〕谓语动词在句中作谓语,受主语的人称和数的限制；非谓语动词在句中不能单独作谓语,它不受主语的人称和数的限制.<5>英语中不能单独做句子的谓语.[编辑本段]功能及用法<一>动词不定式：〔to〕+do,具有名词、形容词、副词的特征.否定式：not + <to> do〔1〕一般式：不定式的一般式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生或发生在谓语动词动作之后.例如：I'm glad to meet you.He seems to know a lot.We plan to pay a visit.He wants to be an artist.The patient asked to be operated on at once.The teacher ordered the work to be done.〔2〕进行式：不定式的进行式所表示的动作与谓语动词动作同时发生,例如：The boy pretended to be working hard.He seems to be reading in his room.〔3〕完成式：不定式的完成式表示的动作发生在谓语动词动作之前,例如：I regretted to have told a lie.I happened to have seen the film.He is pleased to have met his friend.2．不定式的句法功能：〔1〕作主语：To finish the work in ten minutes is very hard.To lose your heart means failure.动词不定式短语作主语时,常用it作形式主语,真正的主语不定式置于句后,例如上面两句可用如下形式：It is very hard to finish the work in ten minutes.It means failure to lose your heart.常用句式有：1、It+be+名词+to do.2、It takes sb.+some time+to do.3、It+be+形容词+of sb +to do.4、It+be+形容词+for sb.+to do.常用careless,,clever,go od,foolish,honest,kind,lazy,nice,right,silly,stupid,wise,等表示赞扬或批评的形容词,不定式前的sb.可作其逻辑主语.〔2〕作表语：Her job is to clean the hall.He appears to have caught a cold.〔3〕作宾语：常与不定式做宾语连用的动词有：want, hope, wish, offer, fail, plan, learn, pretend, refuse, manage, help, agree, promise, prefer, 如果不定式〔宾语〕后面有宾语补足语,那么用it作形式宾语,真正的宾语〔不定式〕后置,放在宾语补足语后面,例如：Marx found it important to study the situation in Russia.动词不定式也可充当介词宾语,如：I have no choice but to stay here.He did nothing last Sunday but repair his bike.动词不定式前有时可与疑问词连用,如：He gave us some advice on how to learn English.〔4〕作宾语补足语：在复合宾语中,动词不定式可充当宾语补足语,如下动词常跟这种复合宾语：w ant, wish, ask, tell, order, beg, permit, help, advise, persuade, allow, prepar e, cause, force, call on, wait for, invite.此外,介词有时也与这种复合宾语连用,如：With a lot of work to do, he didn't go to the cinema．有些动词如make, let, see, watch, hear, feel, have等与不带有to的不定式连用,但改为被动语态时,不定式要加to, 如：I saw him cross the road.He was seen to cross the road.〔5〕作定语：动词不定式作定语,放在所修饰的名词或代词后.与所修饰名词有如下关系：①动宾关系：I have a meeting to attend.注意：不定式为不及物动词时,所修饰的名词如果是地点、工具等,应有必要的介词,如：He found a good house to live in.The child has nothing to worry about.What did you open it with?如果不定式修饰time, place, way,可以省略介词：He has no place to live.This is the best way to work out this problem.如果不定式所修饰名词是不定式动作承受者,不定式可用主动式也可用被动式：Have you got anything to send?Have you got anything to be sent?②说明所修饰名词的内容：We have made a plan to finish the work.③被修饰名词是不定式逻辑主语：He is the first to get here.〔6〕作状语：①表目的：He worked day and night to get the money.She sold her hair to buy the watch chain.注意不定式放句首时,逻辑主语与句子主语要一致：wrong：To save money, every means has been tried. right：To save money, he has tried every means. wrong：To learn English well, a dictionary is needed. right：To learn English well, he needs a dictionary.②表结果：He arrived late to find the train gone.常用only放在不定式前表示强调：I visited him only to find him out.③表原因：They were very sad to hear the news.④表程度：It's too dark for us to see anything.The question is simple for him to answer.〔7〕作独立成分：To tell you the truth, I don't like the way he talked.〔8〕不定式的省略：保留to省略do动词.If you don't want to do it, you don't need to.〔9〕不定式的并列：第二个不定式可省略to.He wished to study medicine and become a doctor.〔二〕动名词：动名词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有名词的句法功能.1．动名词的形式： Ving否定式：not + 动名词〔1〕一般式：Seeing is believing. 眼见为实.〔2〕被动式：He came to the party without being invited．他未被邀请就来到了晚会. 〔3〕完成式：We remembered having seen the film. 我们记得看过这部电影.〔4〕完成被动式：He forgot having been taken to Guangzhou when he was five years ol d.他忘记五岁时曾被带到广州去过.〔5〕否定式：not + 动名词I regret not following his advice. 我后悔没听他的劝告.〔6〕复合结构：物主代词〔或名词所有格〕+ 动名词He suggested our trying it once again. 他建议我们再试一次.His not knowing English troubled him a lot.他不懂英语给他带来许多麻烦.2．动名词的句法功能：〔1〕作主语：Reading aloud is very helpful. 朗读是很有好处的.Collecting stamps is interesting. 集邮很有趣.当动名词短语作主语时常用it作形式主语.It's no use quarrelling.争吵是没用的.〔2〕作表语：In the ant city, the queen's job is laying eggs.在蚂蚁王国,蚁后的工作是产卵.〔3〕作宾语：They haven't finished building the dam. 他们还没有建好大坝.We have to prevent the air from being polluted.我们必须阻止空气被污染.注意动名词既可作动词宾语也可作介词宾语,如上面两个例句.此外,动名词作宾语时,若跟有宾语补足语,那么常用形式宾语it,例如：We found it no good making fun of others. 我们发现取笑他人不好.要记住如下动词及短语只跟动名词作宾语：enjoy, finish, suggest, avoid〔避免〕, excuse ,delay, imagine, keep, miss, consider, admit〔承认〕,deny〔否认〕, mind, permit, forbid, practise, ri sk〔冒险〕, appreciate〔感激〕, be busy, be worth, feel like, can't stand, can' t help〔情不自禁地〕, think of, dream of, be fond of, prevent…<from>,keep …fr om, stop…〔from〕,protect…from, set about, be engaged in, spend…<in>, succee d in, be used to, look forward to, object to, pay attention to, insist on, feel like〔4〕作定语：He can't walk without a walking-stick. 他没有拐杖不能走路.Is there a swimming pool in your school? 你们学校有游泳池吗？〔5〕作同位语：The cave, his hiding-place is secret. 那个山洞,他藏身的地方很秘密.His habit, listening to the news on the radio remains unchanged．他收听收音机新闻节目的习惯仍未改变.〔三〕现在分词：现在分词既具有动词的一些特征,又具有形容词和副词的句法功能.1、现在分词的形式：否定式：not + 现在分词〔1〕现在分词的主动语态：现在分词主动语态的一般式表示与谓语动词所表示的动作同时发生,完成式表示的动作在谓语动词所表示的动作之前发生,常作状语.例如：They went to the park, singing and talking. 他们边唱边说向公园走去.Having done his homework, he played basket-ball. 做完作业,他开始打篮球.〔2〕现在分词的被动语态：一般式表示与谓语动词同时发生的被动的动作,完成式表示发生在谓语动词之前的被动的动作.The problem being discussed is very important. 正在被讨论的问题很重要.Having been told many times, the naughty boy made the same mistak e.被告诉了好几遍,这个淘气的孩子又犯了同一个错误.2．现在分词的句法功能：〔1〕作定语：现在分词作定语,当分词单独做定语时,放在所修饰的名词前；如果是分词短语做定语放在名词后.In the following years he worked even harder.在后来的几年中,他学习更努力了.The man speaking to the teacher is our monitor's father.正与老师谈话的那个人是我们班长的父亲.现在分词作定语相当于一个定语从句的句法功能,如：in the following yea rs也可用in the years that followed; the man speaking to the teacher可改为the man who is speaking to the teacher.〔2〕现在分词作表语：The film being shown in the cinema is exciting. 正在这家上演的电影很棒.The present situation is inspiring. 当前的形势鼓舞人心.be + doing既可能表示现在进行时,也可能是现在分词做表语,它们的区别在于be + doing表示进行的动作是进行时,而表示特征时是系动词be与现在分词构成系表结构.〔3〕作宾语补足语：如下动词后可跟现在分词作宾语补足语：see, watch, hear, feel, find, get, keep, notice, observe, listen t o, look at, leave, catch等.例如：Can you hear her singing the song in the next room? 你能听见她在隔壁唱歌吗？He kept the car waiting at the gate. 他让小汽车在门口等着.〔4〕现在分词作状语：①作时间状语：<While> Working in the factory, he was an advanced worker.在工厂工作时,他是一名先进工人.②作原因状语：Being a League member, he is always helping others. 由于是共青团员,他经常帮助他人.③作方式状语,表示伴随：He stayed at home, cleaning and washing. 他呆在家里,又擦又洗.④作条件状语：<If> Playing all day, you will waste your valuable time.要是整天玩,你就会浪费宝贵的时间.⑤作结果状语：He dropped the glass, breaking it into pieces. 他把杯子掉了,结果摔得粉碎.⑥作目的状语：He went swimming the other day. 几天前他去游泳了.⑦作让步状语：Though raining heavily, it cleared up very soon.虽然雨下得很大,但不久天就晴了.⑧与逻辑主语构成独立主格：I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head．我等汽车时,一只鸟落到我头上.All the tickets having been sold out, they went away disappointedl y.所有的票已经卖光了,他们失望地离开了.Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises.如果时间允许,我们将做另两个练习.有时也可用with <without> +名词〔代词宾格〕+分词形式With the lights burning, he fell asleep. 他点着灯睡着了.⑨作独立成分：udging from<by> his appearance, he must be an actor.从外表看,他一定是个演员.Generally speaking, girls are more careful. 一般说来,女孩子更细心.〔四〕过去分词：过去分词只有一种形式：规那么动词由动词原形加词尾-ed构成.不规那么动词的过去分词没有统一的规那么要求,要一一记住.过去分词的句法功能：1．过去分词作定语：Our class went on an organized trip last Monday. 上周一我们班开展了一次有组织的旅行.Those selected as committee members will attend the meeting. 当选为委员的人将出席这次会.注意当过去分词是单词时,一般用于名词前,如果是过去分词短语,就放在名词的后面.过去分词做定语相当于一个被动语态的定语从句.2．过去分词作表语：The window is broken. 窗户破了.They were frightened at the sad sight. 他们对眼前悲惨的景象感到很害怕.注意：be + 过去分词,如果表示状态是系表结构,如果表示被动的动作是被动语态.区别：The window is broken.〔系表〕The window was broken by the boy.〔被动〕有些过去分词是不及物动词构成的,不表示被动,只表示完成.如：boiled water〔开水〕 fallen leaves〔落叶〕newly arrived goods〔新到的货〕 the risen sun〔升起的太阳〕the changed world〔变了的世界〕这类过去分词有：gone, come, fallen, risen, changed, arrived, return ed, passed等.3．过去分词作宾语补足语：I heard the song sung several times last week.上周我听见这首歌被唱了好几次.有时过去分词做with短语中的宾语补足语：With the work done, they went out to play. 工作做完了,他们出去玩去了.4．过去分词作状语：Praised by the neighbours, he became the pride of his parents.受到邻居们的表扬,他成为父母的骄傲.〔表示原因〕Once seen, it can never be forgotten.一旦它被看见,人们就忘不了.〔表示时间〕Given more time, I'll be able to do it better.如果给予更多的时间,我能做得更好.〔表示条件〕Though told of the danger, he still risked his life to save the bo y.虽然被告之有危险,他仍然冒生命危险去救那个孩子.〔表示让步〕Filled with hopes and fears, he entered the cave. 心中充满了希望与恐惧,他走进山洞.[编辑本段]典型习题1．The Olympic Games, ______ in 776 B.C,did’t include women player s until 1919.A.first playingB.to be first playedC.first playedD.to be first playing析：根据题干,必须选表示被动的选项,故排除A、D；因B选项表"将要被举行"意,不合题干之用,只有C选项〔相当于which was first played〕才合用.2．European football is played in 80 countries, ______ it the most popular sport in the world.A.makingB.makesC.madeD.to make析：B、C是谓语动词,在此不可用.D项to make或表目的,或表"将要使得",这都不合题干情景.只有A.making,可作状语,表结果.再举一现在分词作结果状语例：The bus was held up by the snowstorm,causing the delay.公共汽车被大风雪所阻,因而耽误了.3．Little Jim should love ______ to the theatre this evening.析：根据this evening,应选表示将来义的选项,C、D应排除.Take后无宾语,必然要用被动式,故答案为A.4．John was made ______ the truck for a week as a punishment.A.to washB.washingC.washD.to be washing析：根据be made to do sth.句式,可定答案为A.5．The patient was warned ______ oily food after the operation.A.to eat notB.eating notC.not to eatD.not eating析：根据warn sb.<not>to do sth.句式,可排除B、D两项；又根据非谓语动词的否定式not总是在首位的规律,又可排除A,而定C.6．——I usually go there by train. ——Why not ______ by boat for a change?A.to try goingB.trying to goC.to try and goD.try going析：此题可根据why not后直接跟原形动词规律而一举确定正确答案为D.若将B项改为try to go,那么要根据其与try going意义之别来确定答案.依据题干对话内容,乙方是建议甲方尝试乘船变变花样,所以答案仍为D.7．______ a reply,he decided to write again.A.Not receivingB.Receiving notC.Not having receivedD.Having not received析：非谓语动词的否定式not应置于首位,B、D皆为错误形式.A项不能表达先于decided的动作,只有选C项才表没收到信在先,决定再写信在后,所以C为正确答案.8．Charles Babbage is generally considered ______ the first compute r.A.to inventB.inventingC.to have inventedD.having mvented析：consider表"考虑"意时,其后动词用doing形式,此处不表"考虑",而表"认为",这时consider后作宾语补足语或主语补足语多为to do,to have done,to be等形式.据此可排除B、D两个选项.又因A表"要发明"意,不合题用,只有C表"发明了"意,才合题用,故选C.9．Most of the artists ______ to the party were from South Africa.A.invitedB.to inviteC.being invitedD.had been invited析："被邀请参加晚会",应选表被动意的选项,B不可用.D项少引导词who,也应排除.又因短暂动词的现在分词被动式不可作定语,C也应排除,只有A.invited<＝who we re invited>才是正确答案.10．The murderer was brought in,with his hands ______ behind his ba ck.析：B表主动意,应排除.C表"将要被捆绑",A表"正在被捆绑"都不合题意,只有D项填入空白才能表达"双手被反绑着"这一意思,符合题干情景.再看一类似例句： He c ame in,<with>his head held high.他昂首走了进来.[编辑本段]更多练习1.______ more attention,the trees could have grown better.2.The first textbooks ______ for teaching English as a foreign lan guage came out in the 16th century.A.to be writtenB.writtenC.being writtenD.having written3.The missing boys were last seen ______ near the river.4.______ in thought,he almost ran into the car in front of him.5.When passing me he pretended ______ me.A.to seeB.not having seenC.to have not seenD.not to have seen6.The children insisted ______ there on foot.7.He still remembers ______ to Shanghai when he was very young.A.takingB.being takenC.takenD.having taken8.______ the railway station,we had a break,only ______ the train had left.A.Arriving at;to find B ing to;discovering thatC.On arriving at;finding outD.Hurrying to;to have found out9.With the boy ______ the way,we had no trouble ______ the way ___ ___ to Zhongshan Park.A.leading;finding;leadingB.to lead;found;to leadC.led;finding;led D.leading;found;led10.______ these pictures,I cou ldn’t help thinking of those days wh en I was in Being and ______ from the top of a thirty-storeyed building,Beijing looks more beautiful.A.Seeing;seenB.Seen;seeingC.Seeing;seeingD.Seen;seen11.I can hardly imagine Peter ______ across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.12.If you wave your book in front of your face,you can feel the ai r ______ against your face.A.movedB.movingC.movesD.to move13.______ is known to all,China will be an ______ and powerful cou ntry in 20 or 30 years’ ti me.A.That;advancingB.This;advancedC.As;advancedD.It;advancing14.While shopping,people sometimes can’t help ______ into buying s omething they don’t really need.A.persuadeB.persuadingC.being persuadedD.be persuaded15.There was terrible noise ______ the sudden burst of light.A.followedB.followingC.to be followedD.being followed16.Please excuse my ______ in without ______ .A e;permittedB ing;permittedC img;being permitted D.to come;being permitted17.______ his head high,the manager walked into the room to attend the meeting ______ then.A.Holding;being heldB.Held;holdingC.Having held;heldD.Held;to be held18.——Did you hear her ______ this pop song this time the other d ay?——Yes,and I heard this song ______ in English.A.sing;singingB.sung;sungC.sung;singingD.singing;sung19.The question ______ now at the meeting is not the question ____ __ yesterday.A.discussed;discussedB.discussing;had discussedC.being discussed; discussedD.discussing;discussing20.With the cooking ______ ,I went on ______ some sewing.A.done;to doB.being done;doingC.to be done;doingD.to have done; doing21.It is no use ______ your past mistakes.A. regrettingB. regretC. to regretD. regretted22.Her husband died in 1980 and had nothing ______ to her,only ___ ___ her five children.A.left;to leaveB.leaving;leavingC.leaving;leftD.left;leaving23.I am very busy.I have a very difficult problem ______ .A.to workB.to work outC.to be worked outD.to work it out24.I would appreciate ______ back this affernoon.A.you to callB.you callC.your callingD.you’re calling25.Climbing mountains was ______ ,so we all felt ______ .A.tiring;tiredB.tired;tiringC.tiring;tiringD.tired;tired26.I saw some villagers ______ on the bench at the end of the roo m.A.seatingB.seatC.seatedD.seated themselves27.She was glad to see her child well ______ care of.28.It is one of the important problems ______ tomorrow.29.______ maps properly,you need a special pen.A.DrawnB.DrawingC.To drawD.Be drawing30.There is a river ______ around our school.A.to runB.runC.runningD.to be running31.How about the two of us ______ a walk down the garden?A.to takeB.takeC.takingD.to be taken32.I was fortunate to pick up a wallet ______ on the ground on the way back home, but unfortunately for me,I found my colour TV set. ______ when I got home.A.lying;stolenying;stealingy;stolenD.lying;stealing33.Whth the kind－hearted boy ____ me with my work,I’m sure I’ll be able to spare time ___ with your work.A.to help;help you outB.helping;helping youC.helped;to help you outD.to help;to help you34.Greatly movedd by her words, ______ .A.tears came to his eyes B .he could hardly hold back his tearsC. tears could hardly be held backD. his eyes were filled with te ars.35.——I hope the children won’t touch the dog.——I’ve warned them ______ .A.notB.not toC.not touchD.not do36.I would love ______ to the party last night but I had to work e xtra hours to finish a report.A.to goB.to have goneC.goingD.having gone37.When ______ why he walked in without permission,he just stared at us and said nothing.A.been askedB.askedC.askingD.to be asked38.The man kept silent in the room unless ______ .A.spoken toB.spoke toC.spokenD.to speak39.He was often listened ______ in the next room.A.singB.sungC.to singD.to to sing40.Rather than ______ on a crowded bus,he always prefers ______ a bicycle.A.ride;rideB.riding;rideC.ride;to rideD.to ride;riding41.The boy wanted to ride his bicycle in the street,but his mother told him ______ .A.not toB.not to doC.not do itD.do not to42.What’s troubling them is ______ enough experienced workers.A.that they have toB.they have notC.their not havingD.not their having43.______ his telephone number,she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.A.Not knowingB.Knowing notC.Not having knownD.Having not know44.Bamboo is used ______ houses in some places .A.to buildB.to buildingC.to be builtD.being built45.Go on ______ the other exercise after you have finished this one.A.to doB.doingC.withD.to be doing46.The day we looked forward to ______ .A eB ing C.has come D.have come47.Whom would you rather ______ the work?A.to have to doB.to have doC.have to doD.have do48.Do you think it any good ______ with him again?A.to talkB.talkingC.to talkingD.having talked49.Sometimes new ideas have to be tested many times before ______ .A.accepting fullyB.being fully acceptedC.fully acceptingD.fully being accepted50.The government forbids ______ such bad books.非谓语动词专练答案1―5 C B D B D 6―10 C B A A A 11―15 C B C C B 16―20 C A D C A21―25 A D B C A 26―30 C C B C C 31―35 C A D B B 36―40 B B A D C41―45 A C A A A 46―50 C D A B D[编辑本段]注意事项1． "to" 是不定式符号还是介词,下列短语中的to 都是介词.agree to object to close to , come to , lead to , refer to ,equal to , familiar to , point to , thank to , devote to , next to , belong to , be used to , look forward to2．带to 还是不带toI have no choice but to give inI cannot do anything but give inI saw him enter the classroom .〔但是： He was seen to enter the classroom .〕3．动词不定式逻辑主语是由for 作为标记的.但是有时用of .It’s necessary for you to study hard .It’s foolish of him to do it .与of 连用的形容词有：good, kind , nice , wise ,clever , foolish , right , wrong , caref ul , careless , polite , possible4．后接不定式作宾语的动词有：want , hope , wish , like , begin , try , need , forget , agree , know , promise , teach , refuse , help , arrange , dare , decide , determine , fail , manage , offer , prepare , continue , ask , mean , choose , expect etc.需要宾语补足语的动词不能用动词不定式直接做介词的宾语,而要用it做形式宾语.例如：通常不说We think to obey the laws is important . 而说We think it important to obey the laws .5．不定式的省略.下列短语中,如果意义明确,常常省略到to .want to , wish to ,hope to , like to , hate to , plan to , try to , love to , have to , ought to , need to , used to , be able to6．不定式作定语,应注意两种关系：1〕动宾关系：He has a lot of meeting to attend .Please lend me something to write with .He is looking for a room to liveHe is looking for a room to live in .He has no money and no placeto live < in > .I think the best way to travel < by > is on foot .There is no time to think < about > .2〕主谓关系：She is always the last < person> to speak at the meeting .----I’m going to the post office , for I have a letter to post . <逻辑主语是I >-------Thank you. But I have no letters to be posted now < 逻辑主语不是I >7．不定式作状语,可以有以下几种意义：1〕原因He is lucky to get here on time .这种结构中常用的形容词有：happy , glad , delighted , pleased , sorry , eager , anxious . luc ky , fortunate , proud , angry surprised , frightened , disappointed , ready , clever , foolish , worthy2> 目的He came to help me with my maths .3> 结果I hurried to get there only to find him out .The book is too hard for the boy to read .He is old enough to go to school .8 . 不定式作补足语I saw him play in the street just now .能跟不带to 的不定式作补足语的动词有：see , feel , hear , listen to , look at , watch , let , have make, observe, notice注: 当这些词为被动式时,不定式要带to , 如：He was seen to play in the street just now.二．动名词1．There’s no telling what will happen .=It’s impossible to tell what will happen .= No one can tell what will happen .2．It’s no use talking with him .It’s no good speaking to them like that .3．There’s some difficulty < in > doing …在此句型中,difficulty 可以由以下单词替换:trouble , problem , fun , pleasure , a good time , a hard time注意以下几个问题：1．下列动词后跟不定式与跟动名词作宾语意义有区别,forget to do … 忘记要做某事forget doing… 忘记做了某事remember to do…记住要做某事remember doing …记着做了某事mean to do … 有意要做某事mean doing … 意味着做了某事regret to do …〔do指代有限的几个词,如say、tell〕很抱歉要告诉你…regret doing … 对做过去的事后悔can’t help to do…不能帮助做某事can’t help doing … 情不自禁做某事try to do … 尽力去做某事try doing 试着做某事learn to do … 学着去做某事learn doing … 学会做某事stop to do … 停下来去做〔另一件事〕stop doing … 停止做某事go on to do … 接着做〔另外一件事〕go on doing … 继续做某事used to do … 过去做某事be used to doing … 习惯做某事2．动名词作定语与现在分词作定语意义有区别动名词作定语表达 n+ for doing 的含义现在分词作定语表达 n+which<who> be doing的含义如：a sleeping car = a car for sleepinga running horse = a horse which is running前者是动名词 , 后者是现在分词又如： drinking water , walking stick running water , sleeping boy3．动名词的逻辑主语：动名词的逻辑主语为代词或名词的所有格形式.例如：His coming made us very happy .4．动名词的语态和时态5．动名词主动形式表被动的情况：need doing , want doing , require doing例如： This room needs painting . 这个房间需要粉刷.6．只能跟动名词作宾语的动词：admit , avoid , advise , consider , delay , deny , enjoy , escape , excuse , fancy , finish , complete , forbid , imagine , mind , miss , permit . practise , require , suggest , risk , keep, take to , look forward to , get do wn to , feel like , can’t help , can’t stand , be used to ,insist on , succee d in , set about, give up , include ,三．分词1 The story is interesting . I’m interested in it .这个故事有兴趣,我对这个故事感兴趣.2 . This is a moving film .这是一部动人的电影.3. The secretary worked late into the night , preparing a long spe ech for the president .秘书工作到深夜,为主席准备一篇长篇演讲稿.4. Given more time , I’ll do it well .如果给我多一点时间,我会做的更好.When he passed the back of the street , he saw the thief stealing some money from the bank .当他后街时,看到小偷正从银行偷钱.应注意的几个问题：1．现在分词与过去分词的区别Do you know the woman talking to Tom ?= Do you know the woman who is talking to Tom ?The soldier wounded in the war has become a doctor.= The soldier who was wounded in the war has become a doctor.China is a developing country and America is a developed country.2．分词作表语The news sounds encouraging .They got very excited .1〕现在分词与过去分词作表语的区别：The news is interesting .He is interested in the news .doing 作表语,主语与表语是主谓关系；done 作表语,主语与表语是动宾关系.2〕表语与被动式的区别：The blackboard was broken by Xiao Ming .〔强调动作〕The blackboard is broken . You’d better have it repaired.〔强调状态〕3〕常作表语的过去分词：amused , injured , covered , known , dressed , lost , broken , gon e , delighted, excited , pleased , satisfied , married , worried , surprised , interested , burnt , shut , crowded , wounded , drank , done3．现在分词、动名词现在进行时的区别The situation in our country is encouraging . <表语>The situation in our country is encouraging the people . < 现在进行时>My job is looking after the little baby . <动名词>能回答how-question 的是现在分词,能回答what-question 的动名词,即不能回答how-question 也不能回答what-question 的是现在进行时.例如： How is the situation in our country ? It is encouraging .What is your job ? My job is looking after the little baby .4．注意的四种结构：have something to do 有某事要做have something done 使某事被做have somebody do something 使某人做某事have something doing 让某事一直做着5．需要跟反身代词作宾语的动词：seat , prepare , hide , dress如：I seated myself on the chair .I was seated on the chair .6．分词做状语与不定式的区别：分词做状语表示时间、原因、让步、条件、方式、伴随等；而不定式表示目的和结果.Having finished the homework , I went home . 〔时间〕Being a Party member , I should work hard . 〔原因〕Given more time ,I can do my work better . 〔条件〕He ran out of the classroom ,shouting at the boy. 〔伴随〕To get more knowledge , we must work harder and harder . < 目的 >He is old enough to join the army . 〔结果〕7．分词、动名词和不定式作定语的区别a running horse 现在分词 = a horse that is runninga fallen leaf 过去分词 = a leaf that has already fallena walking stick 动名词 = a stick for walkingsomething to do 不定式 = something that I should do8．不定式被动式、分词的被动式和过去分词的区别：I have a problem to be discussed at the meeting . < 将来>The building being built on the river is the Science Museum . 〔正在进行〕。
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2016年寒假英语初三组非谓语动词Part I Introduction请用所给单词的正确形式填空，并指出所填写单词是否为非谓语。
若是非谓语，问：非谓语在此处做什么成分？1. Lao Lishi was the first person in Zhanjiang _________(win) the Olympic golden medal.2. ---Have you decided where _________(take) your wedding holiday?---Not yet.3. Phelps almost devoted all his childhood to practice ___________(swim).4. My grandparents live in a small village ________(call) Xinpo.5. After _________(do) the laundry, she went on _________(do) some gardening.Part II Grammar Focus一、非谓语的定义：在简单句中不能作谓语的动词的词是非谓语动词。
根据动词是否在句中作谓语，我们也可以把动词分为____________和_____________两种。
二、三、非谓语的用法：1.作主语：(1) 不定式做主语：______________________________________________________________ (表示具体某一次)______________（表习惯性）考点：不定式作主语时，常用it做形式主语，而将真正的主语放在句末,其结构为_______________________________例：To learn a foreign language is not easy.It is not easy to learn a foreign language.注意：在kind, good, nice, clever等表示人的品质的形容词后，用of。
例：It’s very kind of you to help me._________________________. 眼见为实。
(2) 动名词用作主语：考点：跟不定式一样，动名词作主语时常位于句末，而在其原来的位置用it 作形式主语。
谓语动词一般用_____。
例：Saying so much_______ useless.It is useless saying so much._____________2.作宾语：______________(1)不定式作宾语：考点:①常见表示命令、打算或希望的一类词，这类动词有：_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ____________________________________例：他希望马上能见到他的孩子。
_______________________________.He began to read and write after lunch.（当一个以上的不定式连用时，后面的不定式往往省略to。
）考点②常见的一些省略to的动词不定式的句式_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ________________________e.g: I would rather stay at home.你最好远离他。
_______________________________________.考点③在find, think,believe, guess后跟不定式作宾语时，常用it代替，而将真正的宾语放在句末。
我们发现横跨这条河流是不可能的。
_________________________________________.考点④不定式常和疑问词what, which, when, where, how，who连用，相当于一个宾语从句的作用。
如：The teacher is telling the students what to do.He didn’t know which to choose.比较：what to do 与how to do it【小试牛刀】一、翻译题：1. 邮局离这儿有点远，你最好坐车去。
_________________________________________________.2. 他们不知道何时开始会议。
_________________________________________________.二、选择题：( )1.--What’s your plan for the summer holiday?--I’ve no idea, but I’ve decided _________at home and have a good rest first.A stayB to stayC stayed( )2. The girl prefer______ at home rather than _______ to the cinema.A.to stay;goB.staying;goingC.to stay; to go( )3. We believe_____possible for Tim to get the first prize.A.thatB.itC.this( )4.All the hats look beautiful. I don’t know ______________.A how to chooseB what to chooseC which one to choose( )5.The young soldier really doesn’t know __________ to stop the baby from crying hard.A what to doB how to doC when to do(2)动名词作宾语：考点：①用作动词宾语：这类词有：_____________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________ ______________________等。
例：他继续犯同样的错误。
____________________________________.I suggest leaving now.考点：②用作介词宾语：_____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________________________ ____________例：After finishing my work, I took a short rest.They drove into town without talking to each other.【小试牛刀】一、翻译题。
1.我确信什么也无法阻止李雷成为一名作家。
__________________________________________.2.我习惯先吃完早餐再刷牙。
___________________________________________.3.我把这些植物都扔了而不是每天给它们浇水。
____________________________________________.二、选择题。
( )1.--It’s hot. Would you mind ________ the window?--____________. Do it as you like, please!A me to open; OKB my opening; Certainly not.C my closing; Of course( )2. The tourists have difficulty ________ with the local people.municatemunicatingC.to communicate3.作表语：(1)不定式作表语的作用是：___________His wish is to become a pianist. 他的愿望是成为一名钢琴家。
(2)动名词作表语的作用是：_______________One of his bad habits is biting nails. 他的一个坏习惯是咬手指甲。
4.作宾语补足语：(1)不定式用作宾语补足语：考点 ① 双宾及物动词后，带to 的不定式，这类动词有：__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________例：They asked him to sing a pop song at the party.考点 ② 在表示五官感觉、使役动词后，要用不带to 的不定式，这类动词有：__________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________________例：The boy saw two men enter the house. 这个年轻人使这个老的机器老师运转了起来。