2013年职称英语理工类A级完形填空押题
2013年职称英语理工A必考题(30分必得)
2013年职称英语理工A必考题(30分必得)(2012年考92分经验)阅读理解：5*3=15分(考卷中5个题目，其中2-3个与该文题目相似，其余2-3题来自文章，所以考生须理解该文大意。
)教材第四十八篇Researchers Discover Why Humans Began W alking UprightMost of us walk and carry items in our hands every day. These are seemingly simple activities that the majority of us don't question. But an international team of researchers, including Dr. Richmond from GW's Columbian College of Arts and Sciences have discovered that human walking upright , may have originated millions of years ago as an adaptation to carrying scarce,high-quality resources. The team of researchers from the U. S.,England,Japan and Portugal investigated the behavior of modern-day chimpanzees as they competed for food resources, in an effort to understand what ecologieal settings would lead a large ape - one that resembles the 6 million-year old ancestor we shared in common with living chimpanzees - to walk on two legs."These chimpanzees provide a model of the ecological conditions under which our earliest ancestors might have begun walking on two legs, "said Dr. Richmond.The research findings suggest that chimpanzees switch to moving on two limbs instead of four in situations where they need to monopolize a resource. Standing on two legs allows them to carry much more at one time because it frees up their hands.Over time,intense bursts of bipedal activity may have led to anatomical changes that in turn became the subject of natural selection where competition for food or other resources was strong. Two studies were conducted by the team in Guinea, The first study was conducted by the team in Kyoto University's " outdoor laboratory" in a natural clearing in Bossou Forest. Researchers allowed the wild chimpanzees access to different combinations of two different types of nut—the oil palm nut,which is naturally widely available,and the coula nut,which is not.The chimpanzees" behavior was monitored in three situations : (a) when only oil palm nuts were available ,(b) when a small number of coula nuts were available, and (c) wbem coula nuts were tbe majority available resource.When the rare coula nuts were available only in small numbers, the chimpanzees transported more at one time. Similarly, when coula nuts were the majority resource, the chimpanzees ignored the oil palm nuts altogether. The chimpanzees regarded the coula nuts as a more highly-prized resource and competed for them more intensely.In such high-competition settings, the frequency of cases in which the chimpanzees started moving on two legs increased by a factor of four. Not only was it obvious that bipedal movementallowed them to carry more of this precious resource ,but also that they were actively trying to move as much as they could in one go by using everything available - even their mouths.The second study , by Kimberley Hockings of Oxford Brookes University" was a 14-month study of Bossou chimpanzees crop-raiding, a situation in which they have to compete for rate and unpredictable resources. Here ,35 percent of the chimpanzees' activity involved some sort of bipedal movement,and once again , this behavior appeared to be linked to a clear attempt to carry as much as possible at one time.词汇：scarce adj. 缺乏的，不足的;稀有的bipedal adj. 二足的chimpanzee n. 黑猩猩anatomical adj. 解剖的ape n. 无尾猿；类人猿coula nuts( coula 也可写作cola 或kola) 可乐果注释：1.GW’s Columbian College of Arts and Sciences ：乔治·华盛顿大学哥伦比亚艺术与科学学院。
2013职称英语押题密卷
第一部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1. At midnight, we were aroused by a knock at the door.A. irritatedB. awakenedC.arisenD. annoyed2．She found me very dull.A. dirtyB. sleepyC. lazyD. boring3. She was awarded a prize for the film.A. givenB. rewardedC. sentD. reminded4. The reason for their unusual behavior remains a puzzle．A. factB. mysteryC. statementD. game4. She exhibited great powers of endurance during the climb.A. playB. sendC. showD. tell5. She could not answer，it was an immense load off her heart.A. naturalB. fatalC. tinyD. enormous5. Accompanied by cheerful music, we began to dance.A. pleasantB. colorfulC. fashionableD. different6. He was not eligible for the examination because he was over age.A. competitiveB. diligentC. qualifiedD. competent8. Don't irritate her，she's on a short fuse today.A. tease A. attract C. annoy D. protect9. It is absurd to go out in such terrible weather.A. ridiculousB. funnyC. oddD. interesting10. I notified him that my address had changed.A. informedB. observedC. mockedD. misled11. That guy is intelligent but a bit dull.A. strangeB. specialC. quietD. boring12. The once barren hillsides are now good farmland.A. hairlessB. bareC. emptyD. bald13. It is postulated that a cure for the disease will have been found by the year 2000.A. challengedB. assumedC. deductedD. decreed14. The book made a great impact on its readers.A. forceB. influenceC. surpriseD. power15. From my standpoint, you know, this thing is just funny.A. positionB. point of viewC. knowledgeD. opinion第2部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2013年职称英语(理工类)A级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)
2013年职称英语（理工类）A级真题试卷(题后含答案及解析)题型有：1. 词汇选项 2. 阅读判断 3. 概括大意与完成句子 4. 阅读理解 5. 补全短文6. 完形填空词汇选项(第1-15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语在括号中，请为每处括号部分的词汇或短语确定1个意义最为接近选项。
1．The rules are too(rigid)to allow for human error.A．inflexibleB．generalC．complexD．direct正确答案：A解析：句意为：这些规则过于僵化，不容许人有错。
rigid“严格的；僵硬的，死板的”，四个选项：inflexible“顽固的；不可弯曲的；不屈挠的；不能转变的”；general“一般的，普通的；综合的”；complex“复杂的；合成的”；direct“直接的；直系的；亲身的”。
2．This species has nearly(died out)because its habitat is being destroyed.A．turned deadB．passed byC．carried awayD．become extinct正确答案：D解析：句意为：因栖息地正受到破坏这一物种已濒于灭绝。
died out“灭绝；消失”；四个选项：turned dead“死了”；passed by“通过；由…认可”；carried away “带走；非常激动；使…失去自制力”；become extinct“灭绝：绝种”。
3．The contract between the two companies will(expire)soon.A．shortenB．endC．startD．resume正确答案：B解析：句意为：两个公司间所签订的合同将很快到期。
expire“期满；终止；死亡”，四个选项：shorten“缩短；减少”；end“结束；目标；尽头”；start“开始；启动”；resume“重新开始，继续；恢复”。
2013年职称英语考试理工A押题_词汇_阅读_字典版
词汇选项1.We anticipated that the enemies would try to cross the river and so seized the bridge. A.participated B.expectedC.invitedD.observed2.The civilization flourished 2000 years ago.A.profitedB.gainedC.benefitedD.prospered3.The mother has been anxious about her lost child. A.worried B.carefulC.questionedD.curious4.No matter whereyou go, I will go with you. A.Nowhere B.WhereasC.WhereverD.Whereby5.Anyone who has something interesting to focus onwon't find life boring. A.look over B.pull into C.set aside D.concentrate on-------------------1.She gradually acquired the habit of smoking A.earned B.acknowledgedC.requiredD.formed2.She was robbed in front of a supermarket adjacentto the post office A.adjustedB.adherentC.nextD.admirable3.The man went to see the doctor because of the ailmenton his spine A.sicknessB.aimC.aisleD.cement4.The performance of the acrobat was incredible A.credible B.unbelievableC.believableD.trustworthy5.The movie was so touchingthat every one of the audience shed tears A.moving B.inspiring C.exciting D.sad-------------------1.Archery is my favorite sport A.most loved B.alike C.favorable D.likely2.Don’t refuse to let me help you if you get in trouble A.return B.reflect C.reject D.wait3.The earthquake has caused serious damage to the village A.destructionB.hurtC.injuryD.wound4.They went out for a walk after dinner as they normallydid A.partly uallyC.highlyD.fully5.He likes swimming, whileI like runningA.howB.whatC.whereasD.why-------------------1.He meant tobring the umbrella, but he forgot A.tended to B.intended toC.made up his mind toD.extended to2.The use of the chemical substance may present a certain hazard to the laboratory workers A.danger B.function C.effectD.influence3.All the students must abide bythe regulations in the school A.persist inB.take awayC.put asideD.stick to4.Going abroad to study greatly widened his horizon A.extended B.traversedC.broadenedD.crossed5.The train came to an abruptstop A.a fast B.a slow C.a sudden D.a noisy-------------------1.He talked overthe new book with his friends A.discussed B.mentionedC.acceptedD.rejected2.While I sympathize, I can’t really offer very much to help A.When B.ButC.AlthoughD.Where3.He is a painter of street scenesA.locationsB.viewsC.eventsD.pictures4.Please make your answers clear and concise A.brief B.professionalC.intimateD.wonderful5.All the students assembledin theclassroom A.collected B.fixed C.asserted D.assisted-------------------1．America’s emphasis on the importance of education for everyone has spurred scientific research A) encouraged B) endangered C) preventedD) enlarged2. Some of the stories were mildly amusingA) slightly B) hardly C) faintly D) sufficiently3. Human facial expressions differ from those of animals in the degree to which they can be deliberately controlled and modified. A) sufficiently B) noticeably C) intentionally D) absolutely4．It was a question of making sure that certain needs were addressed , notably in the pensions area. A) noticeably B) remarkably C) particularly D) significantly5. Academic records from other institutions often become a part of a university’s official file and can neither be returned to a student nor duplicated A) borrowed B) purchased C) copied D) lost-------------------第四十八篇Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright（阅读）1 . Which of the following statements is NOT true according to the first two paragraphs? Many people question the simple human activities of walking and carrying items.2. Dr. Richmond conducted the experiment with the purpose of finding what made our ancestors walk upright.3. Kyoto, University's study discovered that chimpanzees. liked coula nuts better than oil palm nuts.4. Why did the chimpanzees walk on two limbs during Kyoto University's experiment?Because they wanted to carry more nuts with two free limbs.5. What can we infer from the reading passage? Human walking on two legs developed as a means of survival.第四十八篇研究人员发现人类开始直立行走的原因1我们大多数人每天都走路而且手里搬着东西。
2013年职称英语等级考试(理工类A级)真题
2013年职称英语等级考试（理工类A级）真题一、词汇选择（本大题15小题．每题1.0分，共15.0分。
下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语画有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与画线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
请将答案涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
）第1题The rules are too rigid to allow for human error.A. inflexibleB.generalplexD.direct【正确答案】：A【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】题意：规则太严格，不允许人为误差。
划线词为形容词，意为“严格的，刚性的”。
A项inflexible“不可改变的”，例：Workerslnsisted that the new system was too inflexible.工人们坚持认为新制度过于僵化。
B项意为“一般的，总体的”，例：The figures represent a general decline in employment.这些数字表明了就业率的总体下降。
C项意为“复杂的”，例：This project involves a lot of complex technical problems.这个方案牵涉到许多复杂的技术问题。
D项意为“直接的”，例：All genuine knowledge originates in direct experience. 一切真知都源于直接的经验。
故选A项。
第2题This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.A. turned deadB.passed byC.carried awayD.become extinct【正确答案】：D【本题分数】：1.0分【答案解析】题意：这个物种几乎要灭绝了，因为它的栖息地正在被破坏。
2013年职称英语考试理工类A级试题及参考答案
2013年职称英语考试理工类A级试题及参考答案第1部分：词汇选项(第1~15题，每题1分，共15分)下面每个句子中均有1个词或者短语有括号，请为每处括号部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. The rules are too rigid to allow for human error.A. inflexibleB. generalC. complexD. direct2. This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.A. turned deadB. passed byC. carried awayD. become extinct3. The contract between the two companies will expire soon.A. shortenB. endC. startD. resume4. Three world-class tennis players came to content for this title.A. argueB. claimC. wishD. compete5. The methods of communication used during the war were primitive.A. simpleB. reliableC. effectiveD. alternative6. Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law.A. moralB. regularC. fundamentalD. hard7. The drinking water has became contaminated with lead.A. pollutedB. treatedC. testedD. corrupted8. Come out, or I’ll bust the door down.A. shutB. setC. breakD. beat9. She shed a few tears at her daughter’s wedding.A. wipedB. injectedC. producedD. removed10. They didn’t seem to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.A. existenceB. importanceC. causeD. situation11. The tower remains intact ever after two hundred years.A. unknownB. unusualC. undamagedD. unstable12. Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.A. doubtfulB. untouchedC. certainD. silent13. The proposal was endorsed the majority of members.A. rejectedB. submittedC. consideredD. approved14. Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.A. sendB. spreadC. hearD. confirm15. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.A. nakedB. cautiousC. blindD. private参考答案：ADBDA CACCB CADBB第2部分：阅读判断(第16-22题，每题1分，共7分)New Understanding of Natural Silk’s MysteriesNatural silk, as we all know, has a strength that man-made materials have long struggled to match. In a discovery that sounds more like an ancient Chinese proverb than a materials science breakthrough, MIT researchers have discovered that silk gets its strength from its weakness. Or, more specifically, its many weaknesses. Silk gets its extraordinary durability and ductility (柔韧性) from an unusual arrangement of hydrogen bonds that are intrinsically very weak but that work together to create a strong, flexible structure.To get a better understanding of how silk manages to produce such strength through such weak bonds, the MIT team created a set of computer models that allowed them to observe the way silk behaves at the atomic level. They found that the arrangement of the tiny silk nanocrystals (纳米晶体) is such that the hydrogenbonds are able to work cooperatively, reinforcing one another against external forces and failing slowly when they do fail, so as not so allow a sudden fracture to spread across a silk structure.The result is natural silks that can stretch and bend while retaining a high degree of strength. But while that's all well and good for spiders, bees and the like, this understanding of silk geometry could lead to new materials that are stronger and more ductile than those we can currently manufacture. Our best and strongest materials are generally expensive and difficult to produce (requiring high temperature treatments or energy-intensive processes).By looking to silk as a model, researchers could potentially devise new manufacturing methods that rely on inexpensive materials and weak bonds to create less rigid, more forgiving materials that are nonetheless stronger than anything currently on offer. And if you thought you were going to get out of this materials science story without hearing about carbon nanotubes (纳米碳管), think again.The MIT team is already in the lab looking into ways of synthesizing silk-like structures out of materials that are stronger than natural silk —like carbon nanotubes. Super-silks are on the horizon.16. MIT researchers carry out the study to illustrate an ancient Chinese proverb.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned17. Silk’s strength comes from its weak hydrogen bonds working together.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned18. Biologists and engineers are interested in understanding natural silks because they are very light and brittle.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned19. If the hydrogen bonds break due to external forces, they break fast.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned20. The MIT team had tried different materials before they studies natural silk in the research.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned21. Carbon nanotubes are currently the most popular topic in materials science.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned22. It is indicated that materials stronger than natural silk can be expected in the future.A. RightB. WrongC. Not mentioned参考答案：BABBCBA第3部分：概括大意与完成句子(第23-30题，每题1分，共8分)下面的短文后有2项测试任务：(1)第23~26题要求从所给的6个选项中为指定段落每段选择1个最佳标题;(2)第27~30题要求从所给的6个选项中为每个句子确定一个最佳选项。
2013年职称英语理工类押题范围
重要范围2013年职称英语理工类重点复习范围理工类C级阅读理解11(新)考题预测19(新)冲刺20614完形填空3(新)（考题预测）8(新)冲刺72 B级阅读理解37（考题预测）35冲刺323334完形填空12（考题预测）11冲刺8A级阅读理解48(新)考题预测50冲刺424649完形填空13（考题预测）14冲刺15注释：例：11：意思是教材中阅读理解第11篇文章。
3、8、7、2：意思是教材中完型填空第3、8、7、2 篇文章。
即：上表格中的数字为教材中对应的篇数新：意思是今年新增的文章；考题预测：意思是考题预测班讲过这篇文章，大家可以在考题预测班重新看；冲刺：意思是冲刺班讲过这篇文章，大家可以在冲刺班重新看。
具体内容如下：C级：阅读理解：第十一篇When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach第十九篇Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience第二十篇Explorer of the Extreme Deep第六篇Making Light of Sleep第十四篇Japanese Car Keeps Watch for Drunk Drivers完型填空：第三篇Giant Structures 第八篇Why India Needs Its Dying Vultrures第七篇An Intelligent Car 第二篇Avalanche and Its SafetyB级：阅读理解：第三十七篇“Don’t Drink Alone”Gets New Meaning第三十五篇Putting Plants to Work第三十二篇Mind-reading Machine第三十三篇Experts Call for Local and Regional Control of Sites for Radioactive 第三十四篇Batteries Built by Viruses完形填空：第十二篇Free Statins With Fast Food Could Neutralize Heart Risk第十一篇Climate Change Poses Major Risks for Unprepared Cities第八篇Why India Needs Its Dying VulturesA级：阅读理解：第四十八篇：Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright第五十篇Cell Phones Increase Traffic, Pedestrian Fatalities第四十二篇Renewable Energy Sources第四十六篇Ants Have Big Impact on Environment as “Ecosystem Engineers”第四十九讲U.S. Scientists Confirm Water on Mars完形填空：第十三篇Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light第十四篇Sharks Perform a Service for Earth’s Waters第十五篇“Liquefaction”Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake Damage。
2013年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类(A级)试题(二)
2013年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类（A级）试题第4部分：阅读理解（第31~45题，每题3分，共45分）下面有3篇短文，每篇短文后有5道题。
请根据短文内容，为每题确定1个最佳选项。
第一篇On the Trail of the Honey BadgerOn a recent field trip to the Kalahari Desert, a team of researchers learnt a lot more about honey badgers (獾)The team employed a local wildlife expert, Kitso Khama, to help them locate and follow the badgers across the desert. Their main aim was to study the badgers’ movements and behaviour as discreetly (谨慎地）as possible, without frightening them away or causing them to change their natural behaviour. They also planned to trap a few and study them close up before relea sing them. In view of the anima’s reputation, this was something that even Khama was reluctant to do.“The problem with honey badgers Is they are naturally curious animals, especially when they see something new,”he says. “That，combined with their unpredictable nature, can be a dangerous mixture. If they sense you have food, for example, they won’t be shy about coming right up to you for something to eat. They’re actually quite sociable creatures around humans, but as soon as they feel they might be in danger, they can become extremely vicious (凶恶的) Fortunately this is rare, but it does happen. ’’The research confirmed many things that were already known. As expected, honey badgers ate any creatures they could catch and kill. Even poisonous snakes, feared and avoided by most other animals, were not safe from them. The researchers were surprised, however, by the animal’s fondness for local melons, probably because of their high water content. Previously researchers thought that the animal got ail of its liquid requirements from its prey (猎物). The team also learnt that, contrary to previous research findings, the badgers occasionally formed loose family groups. They were also able to confirm certain results from previous research, including the fact that female badgers never socialised with each other.Following some of the male badgers was a challenge, since they can cover large distances in a short space of time. Some hunting territories cover more than 500 square kilometres. Although they seem happy to share these territories with other males, there are occasional fights over an Important food source, and male badgers can be as aggressive towards each other as they are towards other species.As the badgers became accustomed to the presence of people，it gave the team the chance to get up close to them without being the subject of the animals，curiosity —or their sudden aggression. The badgers’ eating patterns, which had been disrupted, returned to normal. It also allowed the team to observe more closely some of the other creatures that form working associations with the honey badger, as these seemed to adopt the badgers’ relaxed attitude when near humans.28 Why did the wildlife experts visit the Kalahari Desert?A To find where honey badgers live.B To observe how honey badgers behave.C To catch some honey badgers for food.D To find out why honey badgers have a bad reputation.29 What does Kitso Khama say about honey badgers?A They show interest in things they are not familiar with.B They are always looking for food.C They do not enjoy human company.D it is common for them to attack people.30 What did the team find out about honey badgers?A There were some creatures they did not eat.B They were afraid of poisonous creatures.C They may get some of the water they needed from fruit.D Female badgers did not mix with male badgers.31 Which of the following is a typical feature of male badgers?A They don't run very quickly.B They hunt over a very large area.C They defend their territory from other badgers.D They are more aggressive than females.32 What happened when honey badgers got used to humans around them?A They lost interest in people.B They became less aggressive towards other creatures.C They started eating more.D Other animals started working with them.第二篇Forecasting MethodsThere are several different methods that can be used to create a forecast. The method a forecaster chooses depends upon the experience of the forecaster, the amount of information available to the forecaster, the level of difficulty that the forecast situation presents, and the degree of accuracy or confidence needed in the forecast.The first of these methods is the persistence method; the simplest way of producing a forecast. The persistence method assumes that the conditions at the time of the forecast will not change. For example, if it is sunny and 87 degrees today, the persistence method predicts that it will be sunny and 87 degrees tomorrow, if two inches of rain fell today, the persistence method would predict two inches of rain for tomorrow. However, if weather conditions change significantly from day to day, the persistence method usually breaks down and is not the best forecasting method to use.The trends method involves determining the speed and direction of movement for fronts, high and low pressure centers, and areas of clouds and precipitation (降水量) Using this information, the forecaster can predict where he or she expects those features to be at some future time. For example, if a storm system is 1,000 miles west of your location and moving to the east at 250 miles per day, using the trends method you would predict it to arrive in your area in 4 days. The trends method works well when systems continue to move at the same speed in the same direction for a long period of time. If they slow down, speed up, change intensity, or change directions, the trends forecast will probably not work as well.The climatology (气候学）method is another simple way of producing a forecast. This method involves averaging weather statistics accumulated over many years to make the forecast. For example, if you were using the climatology method to predict the weather for New York City on July 4th, you would go through all the weather data that has been recorded for every July 4th and take an average. The climatology method only works well when the weather pattern is similar to that expected for the chosen time of year. If the pattern is quite unusual for the given time of year, the climatology method will often fall.The analog method is a slightly more complicated method of producing a forecast. It involves examining today’s forecast scenario (模式）and remembering a day in the past when the weather scenario looked very similar (an analog). The forecaster would predict that the weather in this forecast will behave the same as it did in the past. The analog method is difficult to use because It isvirtually impossible to find a predict analog. Various weather features rarely align themselves in the same locations as they were in the previous time. Even small differences between the current time and the analog can lead to very different results.36 Which of the following factors is NOT mentioned in choosing a forecasting method?A Necessary amount of information.B Creativity of the forecaster.C Degree of difficulty involved in forecasting.D Practical knowledge of the forecaster.37 The persistence method fails to work well whenA it is rainy.B it is sunny.C weather conditions stay stable.D weather conditions change greatly.38 The trends method works well whenA weather features are constant for a long period of time.B weather features are defined well enough.C predictions on precipitation are accurate.D the speed and direction of movement are predicable.39 The analog method should not be used in making a weather forecast whenA the analog looks complicated.B the analog is more than 10 years old.C the current weather scenario is different from the analog.D the current weather scenario is exactly the same as the analog.40 Historical weather data are necessary inA the persistence method and the trends method.B the trends method and the climatology method.C the climatology method and the analog method.D the persistence method and the analog method.第三篇Students Learn Better with Touchscreen DesksObserve the criticisms of nearly any major public education system in the world, and a few of the many complaints are more or less universal. Technology moves faster than the education system. Teachers must teach at the pace of the slowest student rather than the fastest. And - particularly in the United States - school children as a group don’t care much for, or excel（擅长）at, mathematics. So it's heartening to l earn that a new kind of “classroom of the future” shows promise at easing some of these problems, starting with that fundamental piece of classroom furniture: the desk.AUK study involving roughly 400 students, mostly aged 8-10 years, and a new generation of multi-touch, multi-user, computerized desktop surfaces is showing that over the last three years the technology has appreciably boosted students ’ math skills compare d with peers learning the same material via the conventional paper-and-pencil method. How? Through collaboration，mostly, as well as by giving teachers better tools by which to micromanage individual students who need some extra Instruction while allowing the rest of the class to continue moving forward.Traditional instruction still shows respectable efficacy (效力）at increasing students’ fluency in mathematics, essentially through memorization and practice - dull, repetitive practice. But the researchers have concluded that these new touchscreen desks boost both fluency and flexibility - the critical thinking skills that allow students to solve complex problems not simply through knowing formulas and devices，but by being able to figure out what the real problem is and the most effective means of stripping it down and solving It.One reason for this, the researchers say, is the multi-touch aspect of the technology. Students working in the next-gen classroom can work together at the same tabletop, each of them contributing and engaging with the problem as part of a group. Known as SynergyNet, the software uses computervision systems that see in the infrared (红外线的）spectrum to distinguish between different touches on different parts of the surface, allowing students to access and use tools on the screen, move objects and visual aids around on their desktops, and otherwise physically interact with the numbers and information on their screens. By using these screens collaboratively, the researchers say, the students are to some extent teaching themselves as those with a stronger grasp on difficult concepts pull other students forward along with them.41 Which of the following statements is NOT true of the public education system?A It does not catch up with the development of technology.B Some similar complaints about It are heard in different countries.C Teachers pay more attention to fast learners than slow learners.D Many students are not good at learning mathematics.42 What has been found after the new tech is employed?A Students become less active in learning mathematics.B Teachers are able to give individualized attention to students in need.C Students show preference to the conventional paper-and-pencil method.D The gap between slow learners and fast learners gets more noticeable.43 What is the benefit students get from the new tech?A It makes them more fluent in public speech.B It offers them more flexibility in choosing courses.C It Is effective in helping them solve physical problems.D It enables them to develop critical thinking ability.44 What happens when students are using the desktop of the new tech?A Every student has an individual tabletop.B The multi-touch function stimulates students.C The software installed automatically identifies different users.D Students use different tools to interact with each other.45 How does the new tech work to improve students, mathematical learning?A It enables them to work together.B It helps fast learners to learn faster.C It makes teachers’ instruction unnecessary.D It allows the whole class to learn at the same pace.。
2013年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类(A级)试题(三)
2013年度全国职称英语等级考试理工类（A级）试题第5部分：补全短文 (第46~50题，每题2分，共10分）下面的短文有5处空白，短文后有6个句子，其中5个取自短文，请根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。
Toads are Arthritic and in PainArthritis (关节炎）is an Illness that can cause pain and swelling in your bones. Toads (蟾蜍），a big problem In the north of Australia, are suffering from painful arthritis in their legs and backbone, a new study has shown. The toads that jump the fastest are more likely to be larger and to have longer legs.___ (46)The large yellow toads, native to South and Central America, were introduced into the north-eastern Australian state of Queensland in 1935 In an attempt to stop beetles and other Insects from destroying sugarcane crops. Now up to 200 million of the poisonous toads exist in the country, and they are rapidly spreading through the state of Northern Territory at a rate of up to 60 km a year. The toads can now be found across more than one million square kilometres. ___ (47) A Venezuelan poison virus was tried in the 1990s but had to be abandoned after it was found to also kill native frog species.The toads have severely affected ecosystems in Australia. Animals, and sometimes pets, that eat the toads die immediately from their poison, and the toads themselves eat anything they can fit inside their mouth. ___ (48)A co-author of the new study, Rick Shine, a professor at the University of Sydney, says that little attention has been given to the problems that toads face. Rick and his colleagues studied nearly 500 toads from Queensland and the Northern Territory and found that those in the latter state were very different. They were active, sprinting down roads and breeding quickly.According to the results of the study, the fastest toads travel nearly one kilometer a night. ___ (49) But speed and strength come at a price — arthritis of the legs and backbone due to constant pressure placed on them.In laboratory tests, the researchers found that after about 15 minutes of hopping, arthritic toads would travel less distance with each hop (跳跃）. ___ (50) These toads are so programmed to move, apparently, that even when in pain the toads travelled as fast and as far as the healthy ones, continuing their constant march across the landscape.A Furthermore, they soon take over the natural habitats of Australia’s native species.B Toads are not built to be road runners — they are built to sit around ponds and wet areas.C But this advantage also has a big drawback — up to 10% of the biggest toads suffer from arthritis.D But arthritis didn’t slow down toads outside the laboratory, the researchers found.E The task now facing the country is how to remove the toads.F Toads with longer legs move faster and travel longer distances, while the others are being left behind.第6部分：完形填空（第51 ~65题，每题1分，共I5分）下面的短文有15处空白，请根据短文内容为每处空白确定1个最佳选项。
2013年全国职称英语考试综合类押题试卷及答案
第一部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有横线，请为每处划线部分确定1个意义最为接近的选项。
1. She read a poem which depicts the splendor of the sunset.A. declaresB. assertsC. announcesD. describes2. Reading the job ad, he wondered whether he was eligible to apply for it.A. ableB. fortunateC. competentD. qualified3. Mary said mildly, that she was just curious.A. gentlyB. shylyC. weaklyD. wildly4. You should have blended the butter with the sugar thoroughly.A. spreadB. mixedC. beatenD. covered5. What is your goal life?A. planB. aimC. arrangementD. idea6. Jack was dismissed.A. firedB. finedC. exhaustedD. criticized7. John is crazy about pop music.A. sorryB. madC. concernedD. worried8. This sort of thing is bound to happen.A. sureB. quickC. fastD. swift9. At the age of 30.Hersey suddenly became a celebrity.A. bossB. managerC. starD. dictator10. He cannot discriminate between a good idea and a bad one.A. judgeB. assessC. distinguishD. recognize11. This is not typical of English, but is a feature of the Chinese language.A. particularB. characteristicC. remarkableD. idiomatic12. It is virtually impossible to persuade him to-apply for the job.A. simplyB. almostC. totallyD. completely13. These are defensive behavior patterns which derive from our fears.A. stemB. relyC. developD. grow14. Smoking will be banned in all public places here.A. forbiddenB. allowedC. permittedD. promoted15. I have been trying to quit smoking.A. give upB. pick upC. build upD. take up第二部分：阅读判断(第16～22题，每题1分，共7分)下面的短文后列出了7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断：如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择A；如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择B；如果该旬的信息文中没有提及，请选择C。
2013年职称英语理工A类真题试卷与答案解析
2013 年职称英语理工 A 级真题及答案第 1 部分：词汇选项（第1-15 题，每题 1 分，共 15 分）下面每个句子中均有 1 个词或者短语划有底横线，请为每处划线部分确定 1 个意义最为接近的选项。
1.The rules are too rigid to allow for humane error.A.inflexibleB.generalC. complexD. direct2.This species has nearly died out because its habitat is being destroyed.A.turned deadB. passed byC. carried awayD. become extinct3.The contract between the two companies will expire soon.A.shortenB. endC. startD. resume4.Three world-class tennis players came to contend for this title.A.argueB. claimC. wishD. compete5.The methods of communication used during the war were primitive.A.simpleB.reliableC. effectiveD.alternative6.Respect for life is a cardinal principle of the law.A.moralB. regularC. fundamentalD.hard7.The drinking water has become contaminated with lead.A.pollutedB. treatedC. testedD.corruptede out, or I ’ llbust the door down.A.shutB. setC. breakD.beat9.She shed a few tears at her daughter’weddings.A.wipedB. injectedC. producedD. removed10.They didn ’seemt to appreciate the magnitude of the problem.A.existenceB. importanceC. causeD. situation11.The tower remains intact even after two hundred years.A.unknownB. unusualC. undamagedD. unstable12.Many experts remain skeptical about his claims.A.doubtfulB. untouchedC. certainD.silent13. The proposal was endorsed by the majority of members.A. rejectedB. submittedC.consideredD. approved14. Rumors began to circulate about his financial problems.A. sendB. spreadC. hearD. confirm15. The police will need to keep a wary eye on this area of town.A. nakedB. cautiousC. blindD. private2013 年职称英语真题理工(A) 词汇题的答案：1.A ： inflexible2.D： become extinct3.B： end4.D： compete5.A ： simple6.C： fundamental7.A: polluted8.C： break9.C： produce10.B ： importance11.C： undamaged12.A ：doubtful13.D ：approved14.B ： spread15.B ： cautious第 2 部分：阅读判断(第 16~22题，每题 1 分，共7 分 )下面的短文后列出了7 个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子做出判断;如果该句提供的是正确信息，请选择 A; 如果该句提供的是错误信息，请选择 B; 如果该句的信息文中没有提及，请选择 C。
2013年职称英语理工A考前押题卷共两套(必出40分)
2013年全国职称英语押题第1部分：词汇选项（第1～15题，每题1分，共15分）下面共有15个句子，每个句子中均有1个词或短语划有底横线，请从每个句子后面所给的4个选项中选择1个与划线部分意义最相近的词或短语。
答案一律涂在答题卡相应的位置上。
1. The local authorities will take measures to deal with noise pollution in the area.A. powerB. controlC. learningD. government2. Hundreds of cyclists assembled in Central Park in Pudong this morning to take part in the event.A. appearedB. walkedC. metD. combined3. In case of emergency, please follow the orders of the ship crew.A. postB. transferC. confirmD. obey4. They ate in the kitchen as they normally did.A. usuallyB. partlyC. highlyD. fully5. He likes swimming, but I like going out for a walk.A. howB. whatC. whileD. why6. There is less come now; it seems that there is a fall in the crime rate.A. descentB. inclineC. declineD. slope7. We were so greatly attracted by the beauty of the West Lake that we decided to visit Hangzhou again the next year.A. fascinatedB. disturbedC. fooledD. surprised8. During the construction of skyscrapers, cranes are used to lift building materials to the upper floors.A. tossB. towC. hoistD. hurlA. entertainC. feastD. worship10. The town is famous for its magnificent church towers.A. ancientB. oldC. modernD. splendid11. There are a limited number of books on this subject in the library.A. largeB. totalC. smallD. similarB. refuseC. rejectD. wait13. Merge the following two short sentences into one new sentence.A. SplitB. CombineC. BreakD. Divide14. Color changes in chameleons seem to be caused by environmental temperature as well as by other external stimulus.A. haveB. appearC. oughtD. used15. Their sole fault was a failure to recognize all the factors involved.A. initialB. maximumC. usualD. only第2部分：阅读判断（第16～22题，每题1分，共7分）阅读下面这篇短文，短文后列出7个句子，请根据短文的内容对每个句子作出判断。
2013年职称英语押题(理工类A和B)新增文章
2013职称英语重点2013年职称英语(理工类A & B )考试教材新增文章目录及内容下载汇总第四部分阅读理解（变化了3篇）第六部分完形填空（变化了3篇）具体名称如下：阅读理解：第十一篇：When Our Eyes Serve Our Stomach第十九篇：Musical Robot Companion Enhances Listener Experience+第四十八篇：Researchers Discover Why Humans Began Walking Upright 完型填空：第三篇：Giant Structures第八篇：Why India Needs Its Dying Vultures+第十三篇：Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light第十一篇When Our Eyes Serve Our StomachOur senses aren‟t just delivering 汪strict view of what‟s going on in the world；they‟re affected by what‟s going on in our heads. A new study finds that hungry people see food-related words more clearly than people who‟ve just eaten.Psychologists have known for decades that what‟s going on,inside our head affects our senses. For example, poorer children think coins are larger than they are, and hungry people think pictures of food are brighter. Remi Radel of University of Nice Sophia-Antipolis，France，wanted to investigate how this happens. Does it happen right away as the brain receives signals from the eyes or a little later as the brain‟s high-level thinking processes get involved.Radel recruited 42 students with a normal body mass index. On the day of his or her test, each student was told to arrive at the lab at noon after three or four hours of not eating. Then they were told there was a delay. Some were told to come back in 10 minutes; others were given an hour to get lunch first. So half the students were hungry when they did the experiment and the other half had just eaten.For the experiment, the participant looked at a computer screen. One by one, 80 words flashed on the screen for about l/300th of a second each. They flashed at so small a size that the students could only consciously perceive. A quarter of the words were food-related. After each word，each person was asked how bright the word was and asked to choose which of two words they‟d seen — a food-related word like cake or a neutral word like boat. Each word appeared too briefly for the participant to really read it. Hungry people saw the food-related words as brighter and were better at identifyingfood- related words. Because the word appeared too quickly for them to be reliably seen, this means that the difference is in perception ,not in thinking processes, Radel says.“This is something great to me. Humans can really perceive what they need or what they strive for. From the experiment, I know that our brain can really be at the disposal of our motives and needs,” Radel says.词汇：threshold n.起点，开端；门槛disposal n.处理,处置;配置neutral adj.中性的；中立的motive n.动机，目的strive v.努力，力求;斗争注释：1. Our senses aren‟ t just delivering a strict view of ... in our heads:这个句子的大概意思是:我们的五官感觉不仅仅让我们感知世界;五官感觉还受大脑活动的影响。
2013年职称英语考试《理工类》完形填空强化练习及答案(10)
祝您考试顺利通过，更多考试资料可以访问考吧网/zcyy/In a purely competitive market, the supplier of goods and services has no control over the market price, because he produces too little to influence market conditions. With no difference between his products and the products __1__ his competitors, he will sell nothing if he charges above the market price and he will sell all if he charges at or __2__ the market price. However, in considering the price, he must take cost of production __3__. There are times when he may be willing to sell below his cost. This might happen when prices tumble for __4__ a short time. However, no business person can __5__ lose money for a prolonged period. He must __6__ of his costs in relation to the market price if he is to compete successfully and earn a profit.Many people have the impression that as production increases, costs per unit decrease. __7__ mass production has made this true in certain industries and at certain levels of production, __8__ logic and practical experience have shown that costs per unit begin to rise beyond a certain level of production. Some economists __9__ this principle as the law of increasing costs.The reason __10__ rise as production goes up is complex. However, it is easy to recognize that as production goes up, the need for additional factors of production will also grow, resulting __11__ competitive bidding in the marketplace for the factors of production. If a producer needs __12__ skilled labor to produce more, and none of this labor is unemployed, the producer will have to get __13__ from other sources. This can be done by __14__ higher wages. Higher bidding would also apply to the other factors of production. We must also recognize that not all labor is equally productive, __15__ not all land is equally fertile and not all ore is equally rich in the mineral wanted.1. A) to B) at C) of D) on2. A) below B) beneath C) over D) above3. A) to consider B) into consideration C) to consideration D) in consideration4. A) he believes will be B) what he believes be C) what he believes will be D) he believes to be5. A) afford to B) be affordable C) be afforded to D) have afforded6. A) constantly aware B) constantly knowledgeable of C) be constantly aware of D) constantly aware of7. A) Because B) Since C) When D) While8. A) both B) as well as C) also D) but9. A) refer B) refer to C) call D) are referred to10. A) cost B) the cost C) the costs D) costs11. A) from B) in C) \ D) for12. A) less B) numerous C) more D) many13. A) them B) these C) it D) those14. A) offering B) cutting C) reducing D) having15. A) as just B) just as C) because D) while参考答案: CABCA CDABD BCCAB考试吧：一个神奇的考试网站。
2013年职称英语理工A(完型填空)
Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More Light Solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems, or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but until now they haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector.That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells, which lets the silicon generate more electricity but isn’t a very efficient way to gather heat.That’s a problem of economics . Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower cost. And it，s also a space problem：photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications.In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a solution in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from ThinSilicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Harrison from Queen’s University, Canada."Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon，but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon, commonly known as thin-film silicon. They don’t create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they require much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately，thin-film silicon solar cells are vulnerable to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.“That means that their efficiency drops when you expose them to light — pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,” Pearce explains，which is one of the reasons thin- film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.However, Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new type of PVT. You don’t have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work. In fact，Pearce’s group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures，near the boiling point of water, they could make thicker cells that largely overcame the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy collector , they also found that by baking the cell once a day，they boosted the solar cell’s electrical efficiency by over 10 percent.Sharks Per form a Service for Earth’s Waters It is hard to get people to think of sharks as anything but a deadly enemy. They are thought to attack people frequently. But these fish perform a valuabe service for earth's waters and for human beings. Yet business and sport fishing are threatening their existence Some sharks are at risk of disappearing from Earth .Warm weather may influence both fish and shark activity. Many fish swim near coastal areas because of their warm waters. Experts say sharks may follow the fish into the same areas, where people also swim. In fact, most sharks do not purposely charge at or bite humans. They are thought to mistake a person for a sea animal, such as a seal or sea lion. That is why people should not swim in the ocean when the sun goes down or comes up. Those are the times when sharks are looking for food. Experts also say that bright colors and shiny jewelry may cause sharks to attack.A shark has an extremely good sense of smell. It can find small amounts of substances in water, such as blood, body liquids and chemicals produced by animals. These powerful senses help sharks find their food. Sharks eat fish, any other sharks, and plants that live in the ocean.Medical researchers want to learn more about the shark’s body defense, and immune systems against disease. Researchers know that sharks recover quickly from injuries. They study the shark in hopes of finding a way to fight human disease.Sharks are important for the world’s oceans . They eat injured and diseased fish. Their hunting activities mean that the numbers of other fish in ocean waters do not become too great . This protects the plants and other forms of life that exist in the oceans.“Liquefaction” Key to Much of Japanese Earthquake DamageThe massive subduction zone earthquake in Japan caused a significant level of soil "liquefaction" that has surprised researchers with its widespread severity, a new analysis shows."We've seen localized examples of soil liquefaction as extreme as this before, but the distance and extent of damage in Japan were unusually severe," said Scott Ashford, a professor of geotechnical engineering at Oregon State University. "Entire structures were tilted and sinking into the sediments," Ashford said. "The shifts in soil destroyed water, drain and gas pipelines, crippling the utilities and infrastructure these communities need to function. We saw some places that sank as much as four feet."Some degree of soil liquefaction is common in almost any major earthquake. It's a phenomenon in which soils soaked with water, particularly recent sediments or sand, can lose much of their strength and flow during an earthquake. This can allow structures to shift or sink or collapse.But most earthquakes are much shorter than the recent event in Japan, Ashford said. The length of the Japanese earthquake, as much as five minutes, may force researchers to reconsider the extent of liquefaction damage possibly occurring in situations such as this."With such a long-lasting earthquake, we saw how structures that might have been okay after 30 seconds just continued to sink and tilt as the shaking continued for several more minutes," he said. "And it was clear that younger sediments, and especially areas built on recently filled ground, are much more vulnerable."The data provided by analyzing the Japanese earthquake, researchers said, should make it possible to improve the understanding of this soil phenomenon and better prepare for it in the future. Ashford said it was critical for the team to collect the information quickly, before damage was removed in the recovery efforts."There's no doubt that we'll learn things from what happened in Japan that will help us to reduce risks in other similar events," Ashford said. "Future construction in some places may make more use of techniques known to reduce liquefaction, such as better compaction to make soils dense, or use of reinforcing stone columns."Ashford pointed out that northern California have younger soils vulnerable to liquefaction ---on the coast, near river deposits or in areas with filled ground. The "young" sediments, in geologic terms, may be those deposited within the past 10,000 years or more. In Oregon, for instance, thatdescribes much of downtown Portland, the Portland International Airport and other cities.Anything near a river and old flood plains is a suspect, and the Oregon Department of Transportation has already concluded that 1,100 bridges in the state are at risk from an earthquake. Fewer than 15 percent of them have been reinforced to prevent collapse. Japan has suffered tremendous losses in the March 11 earthquake, but Japanese construction standards helped prevent many buildings from collapse ---even as they tilted and sank into the ground.。
2013年职称英语综合A押题
In many of the developing countries in
Africa andAsia
1. In a traditional agricultural economy, a large familycan be an advantage.
2. When countries become industrialized,the birth ra reason given to explain why mountaineers hate talus isthat climbers above you might cause it to fall on you.
3. What is likely to be the meaning of "Cailloux"?Rocks are falling.
4. The information in the first paragraph is presented mainly throughpointing out similarities
5. The word mobility meansreadiness to move
Tales of the Terrible Past
3. According to this passage,Italytoday is an example of anindustrialized country with a low birth rate.
4.Saudi Arabiais mentioned in the passage because it shows thatfactors other than the economy influence birth rate.
2013年职称英语理工类《完形填空》精致版
2013年职称英语理工类完型填空整理1、Captain Cook Arrow Legend（库克船长弓箭的传说）It was a great legend while it lasted，but DNA testing has finally ended a two-century-old story of the Hawaiian arrow carved from the bone of British explorer Captain James Cook who died in the Sandwich Islands’in 1779．“There is no Cook in the Australian Museum，”museum collection manager Jude Philip said not long ago in announcing the DNA evidence that the arrow was not made of Cook’S bone．But that will not stop the museum from continuing to display the arrow in its exhibition “Uncovered：Treasures of the Australian Museum,” which does include a feather cape presented to Cook by Hawaiian King Kalani’opu’u in 1778．Cook was one of Britain’s great explorers and is credited with discovering the“Great South Land，” now Australia, in 1 770．He was clubbed to death in the Sandwich Islands，now HawaiiThe 1egend of Cook’s arrow began in 1 824 when Hawaiian King Kamehameha on his deathbed gave the arrow to William Adams，a London surg eon and relative of Cook’s wife，saying it was made of Cook’s bone after the fatal fight with islanders．In the 1890s the arrow was given to the Australian Museum and the legend continued until it came face=to-face with science．DNA testing by l aboratories in Australia and New Zealand revealed the arrow was not made of Cook’s bone but was more likely made of animal bone。
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第十三篇 Better Solar Energy Systems: More Heat, More LightSolar photovoltaic thermal energy systems, or PVTs, generate both heat and electricity, but __1__ now they haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal collector. That’s because they operate at low temperatures to cool crystalline silicon solar cells, which lets the silicon generate more __2__ but isn’t a very efficient way to gather heat.That’s a problem of __3_ . Good solar hot-water systems can harvest much more energy than a solar-electric system at a substantially lower __4__. And it，s also a space problem：photovoltaic cells can take up all the space on the roof, leaving little room for thermal applications.In a pair of studies, Joshua Pearce, an associate professor of materials science and engineering, has devised a __5__ in the form of a better PVT made with a different kind of silicon. His research collaborators are Kunal Girotra from ThinSilicon in California and Michael Pathak and Stephen Ha rrison from Queen’s University, Canada."Most solar panels are made with crystalline silicon，but you can also make solar cells out of amorphous silicon, __6__ known as thin-film silicon. They don’t create as much electricity, but they are lighter, flexible, and cheaper. And, because they __7__ much less silicon, they have a greener footprint. Unfortunately，thin-film silicon solar cells are __8__ to some bad-news physics in the form of the Staebler-Wronski effect.“That means that their efficiency __9__ when you expose them to light —pretty much the worst possible effect for a solar cell,” Pearce explains，which is one of the __10__ thin- film solar panels make up only a small fraction of the market.However, Pearce and his team found a way to engineer around the Staebler-Wronski effect by incorporating thin-film silicon in a new __11__ of PVT. You don’t have to cool down thin-film silicon to make it work. In fact，Pearce’s group discovered that by heating it to solar-thermal operating temperatures，near the boiling __12__ of water, they could make thicker cells that largely __13__ the Staebler-Wronski effect. When they applied the thin-film silicon directly to a solar thermal energy __14__ , they also found that by baking the cell once a day，they __15__ th e solar cell’s electrical efficiency by over 10 percent.词汇:photovoltaic n.光电的silicon n.硅thermal adj.热的，热量的amorphous adj.非晶形的crystalline adj.晶体的footprint n.足迹注释：1. solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems:太阳能光伏热能系统2. they: 指代 solar photovoltaic thermal energy systems。
3. stand-alone:单机的4. crystalline silicon solar cells:晶体硅太阳能电池5. which:指前半句中的 to cool crystalline silicon solar cells 这件事6. room:空间7. solar panels:太阳能电池板8. amorphous silicon：非晶硅9. thin-film silicon:薄膜硅10. Staebler-Wronski Effect: SWE效应。
在光的照射下，非晶桂氢的导电性短时间内显著衰退，这种特性被称为SWE效应o11. pretty much:几乎12. the worst possible effect：最可能坏的效应13. engineer around:精心地设计以克服或绕过14. solar-thermal operating temperatures:太阳热能操作温度练习：1. A. unless B. when C. if D. until2. A. electricity B. magnetism C. ultraviolet D. radioactivity3. A. dynamics B. geology C. economics D. biology4. A. reward B. cost C. bill D. pay5. A. decision B. solution C. suggestion D. qualification6. A. roughly B. probably C. commonly D. specially7. A. retrieve B. merge C. exchange D. require8. A. vulnerable B. necessary C. important D. renewable9. A. works B. counts C. rises D. drops10. A. restrictions B. advances C. reasons D. strengths11. A. size B. shape C. type D. brand12. A. area B. point C. place D. extent13. A. overcame B. promoted C. improved D. postponed14. A. transformer B. adaptor C. transmitter D. collector15. A. boosted B. defined C. wasted D. lower答案与题解：1. D文章介绍最近科学家已经完善了太阳能光伏热能系统，现在新型的太阳能系统能将太阳能转换为更多的电能和热能。
第一段说明以往晶体硅太阳能电池在收集热能方面效率很低。
四个选项中，只有选用until才符合上下文的意思。
“...until now they (太阳能光伏热能系统) haven’t been very good at the heat-generating part compared to a stand-alone solar thermal co llector. ”该句意为：与太阳热能单机集热器相比，直到现在，传统太阳能光伏热能系统在转换热能方面效率一直不是很高。
2. A本句说明了以往的太阳能光伏热能系统在转换热能方面效率低的原因，“to cool crystalline silicon solar cells(冷却晶体桂太阳能电池)”能产生更多的电能，但不利于收集热能。
electricity是答案。
3. C从上一段和本段的意思判断，收集热能效率低下不会是一个动力学(dynamics)问题，地质(geology) 问题或生物学(biology)问题。
它是一个经济上的问题。
答案是economics。
4. B 本句说，good solar hot-water systems 在收获能量方面比 solar-electric system 要好得多。
从经济学的角度上分析，成本就降低了。
所以，选cost是对的。
其他选项reward，bill和pay均不符合句意。
5. B上一段说光伏电池系统有两个问题，即经济问题和空间问题。
Joshua Pearce采用另外一种硅制造PVT来解决上述问题。
通过上述分析可以看出，他寻求的是一种解决问题的办法(solution)，而不是一个决定(decision)、一个建议(suggestion )或一种资格 ( qualification)。