动词ing做状语

5)表条件状语
Using your head, you will find a way.
(=If you use your head, you will find a way.)
一直往前走，你就会看到一座白色地房子。 Walking ahead ______________, you will see a white house.
既然你是一个学生，你就应该努力学习。 Being a student, you should study hard.
由于想到它或许e a student, you should study hard.）
Thinking he might be at home, I called him. (As I thought he might be at home, I called him.)
I waiting for the bus, a bird fell on my head． 我等汽车时，一只鸟落到我头上。
Time permitting, we'll do another two exercises. 如果时间允许，我们将做另两个练习。
Time permitting, I will pay a visit to the whole city. (分词的逻辑主语是time , 而句子的主语是 I , 两者不构成主谓关系, 所以只能用独立主
动词—ing 形式做状语
动词-ing形式做状语，通常和主语之间存在 主动关系，表示主语进行的另外一个动作， 用来对谓语动词的动作加以补充。如果动 词—ing形式表示的动作与谓语动词表示的动 作同时发生，就用一般式；如果先于谓语动 词的动作发生，就用完成式； 肯定 否定 一般式 V-ing 完成式 having done not V-ing not having done
状语的定义：
一）修饰动词、形容词、副词或整个句子， 说明整个动作或状态特征的句子成分， 叫做状语。 二）状语的表现形式。 1 副词及副词性词组 Light travels quickly. 2 介词短语 He has lived in the city for ten years.
3 不定式（短语） The box is too heavy to carry. 4 分词（短语） I. He is in the room making a model plane. II. Not knowing what to do, he decided to ask the teacher. III. Encouraged by the teacher, I made up my mind to learn English well. 5 名词（短语） Would you please come this way? 6. 从句 If you leave at 6 a.m tomorrow, you’d better go to bed now.
4) 表结果状语
Her mother died in 1990, leaving her with her younger brother. (=Her mother died in 1990, and left her with her younger brother.) 全国到处在传唱这首歌曲，使它成了一首最受 欢迎地歌曲。 The song is sung all over the country,_____________________________. making it the most popular song
3)表方式、伴随情况的状语 ：作伴随状语
地分词表示的动作，必须是主语的一个 动作， 或是与谓语所表示地动作（或状态）同时发生， 或是对谓语表示地动词（或状态）作进一步地 补充说明。
He sat on the sofa, watching TV. (=He sat on the sofa, and watched TV.)
(=While he was waiting for the bus,he read a copy of China Daily.)
2) 表原因状语
由于病了，他不能去学校。
Being ill, he didn’t go to school.
(=Because he was ill, he didn’t go to school.)
现在分词作状语
现在分词作状语往往和逻辑主语之间存在主 动关系。现在分词作状语，常常用来表示原 因、时间、方式或伴随状况、结果、条件、 让步、等。现在分词一般不用作表目的状语 （通常用不定式to do表目的状语）。
1）表时间状语
Walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine. (=When I was walking in the street, I came across an old friend of mine.) While waiting for the bus, he read a copy of China Daily.
现在分词作原因状语，分词结构否定 词通常放在现在分词前面。
1. Whenever he was asked why he was late for class, he would answer carelessly, always ______ the same A thing. A. saying B. said C. to say D. having said
Hearing the bell, the students began to enter the classroom. 听见铃声，学生们开始走进教室。 （听见和进入两个动作同时发生）
Having done the work, he went home. 完成了 工作，他就回家了。(完成工作这个动作在回 家之前）
2. There are hundreds of students _____ C in front of school gate to enter the school. A. waited B. to wait
C. waiting
D. wait
3. “You can’t catch me!” Janet shouted, _______ away. B A. run B. running C. to run D. ran
格结构, 也就是给现在分词补充一个主语。)
有时也可用with (without) +名词（代词）+ 分词形式
With the lights burning, he fell asleep.
他点着灯睡着了。
Grammar work 语法专练
用所给动词的适当形式填空。
1. Not knowing ________(know) his address, I couldn’t go to see him yesterday. 2. Look out for cars when crossing _______(cross) the street. 3. Having closed (close) the windows and ____________ the door, the students left the room.
他们笑着谈着走进了教室。
Laughing and talking, they went into the classroom. __________________ 他斜靠(lean)着墙站着。
He stood leaning against the wall.
(＝He stood and leaned against the wall.)
A 4.______ his telephone number, she had some difficulty getting in touch with Bill.(上海91年题) A. Not knowing C. Not having known B. knowing not D. Having not known
6. 表示让步状语
动词-ing形式表让步状语，相当于一个 让步状语从句。 Being angry, I still try to smile.
= Although I am angry, I still try to smile.
特殊情况-----与逻辑主语构成独立主格结构：
动词-ing形式作状语时，它的逻辑主语一般要与 句子的主语一致，但有时它也可以有自己独立的主 语，这就是独立主格结构。