上海海关学院2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试
2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试199管理类联考综合能力考试真题及答案解析
A. 领导干部必须善待批评、从谏如流，为说真话者撑腰。
B. 大多数领导干部对于批评意见能够采取有则改之、无则加勉的态度。
C. 领导干部如果不能从谏如流，就不能作出科学决策。
D. 只有营造言者无罪、闻者足戒的氛围，才能形成风清气正的政治生态。
E. 领导干部只有乐于和善于听取各种不同意见，人们才能知无不言、言无不尽。
(1)已知 ， ， 的平均值.
(2)已知 ， ， 的最小值.
19.某商店有 部手机，从中任选 部，则恰有 部甲手机的概率 .
(1)甲手机不少于 部.
(2)乙手机大于 部.
20.共有 辆车，则能确定人数.
(1)若每辆 座， 辆车未坐满.
(2)若每辆 座，则少 个座.
21.则能确定长方体的体积对角线.
(1)已知长方体一个顶点的三个面的面积.
A. 4 B. 6 C.9 D.12 E.15
二、条件充分性判断：第16～25题，每小题3分，共30分.要求判断每题给出的条件（1）和条件（2）能否充分支持题干所陈述的结论.A、B、C、D、E五个选项为判断结果，请选择一项符合试题要求的判断.
A：条件（1）充分，但条件（2）不充分.
B：条件（2）充分，但条件（1）不充分.
A. 600 B. 900 C. 1000 D. 1400 E. 1600
14.节点A、B、C、D两两相连，从一个节点沿线段到另一个节点当做1步，若机器人从节点A出发，随机走了3步，则机器人未到达节点C的概率为（）.
A. B. C.
D. E.
15.某科室有4名男职员、2名女职员，若将这6名职员分成3组，每组2人，且女职员不在同一组的分组方式有（）种．
D. E.
2020年 英语(一)全国硕士研究生招生考试参考答案及解析
2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试（英语一）参考答案及解析Section Ⅰ Use of English【1】 A.on解析：在某一天，用介词on.【2】 B.Match解析：考察动词，很少有别的美食愉悦可以与之媲美，只有这个符合原文。
【3】 A.enjoyment解析：由this 可知回指上文的pleasure.【4】 C.guarantee解析：空前这种愉悦应该成为另外一种罪恶愉悦，后文是损害健康，所以应该是肯定会损害我们的健康。
【5】 D.issued解析：考察动词，英国食品标准局(FSA)应该是公开或者发布警告。
【6】 A. at解析：和温度搭配只能用at。
【7】 C.avoid解析：上文提到这种化合物在高温下烹饪的一些食物中会形成以及会损害健康，所以应该是要避免这类食物。
【8】 D.partially解析：考察副词，修饰toast烤，前文提到要避免这类烧烤土豆片，拒绝薄皮披萨，所以只能是部分烤面包。
【9】 D. while解析：研究表明丙烯酰胺会对小鼠造成神经损伤和没有确凿的证据表明它会对人类造成癌症之间存在让步关系，所以选择while尽管。
【10】B. conclusive解析：考察形容词，修饰证据，只有conclusive 确凿的最符合语境。
【11】B. likely解析：后文提到没有科学证据，所以前文应该是可能致癌likely.【12】D. on the basic of解析：根据语义，应该是基于预防原则，可以认为遵循FSA的建议是明智的，所以选择D。
【13】A. advisable解析：考察形容词，根据语义，应该是遵循建议是明智的。
【14】C. after all解析：考察逻辑联系词，后文提到吸烟导致癌症的传言已经流传了多年，所以此处毕竟更合适。
解析：上文一直提到的是高温下烧烤的食物应该可能会损害我们健康，所以食物和【15】B. connection致癌之间应该存在的是联系，其他选项不符。
2020年硕士研究生入学考试管理类联考综合能力
绝密☆启用前2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类联考综合试题及答案解析（科目代码：199）考生注意事项1. 答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生姓名和考生编号；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位，考生姓名和考生编码，并涂写考生编号信息点。
2. 考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。
不按规定粘贴条形码而影响试卷结果的，责任由考生自负。
3. 选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题纸指定位置的边框区域内。
超出答题区域写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。
4. 填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔或者钢笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
5. 考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。
（以下信息考生必须认真填写）2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类联考综合试题一、问题求解：第1~15题，每题3分，共45分。
下列每题给出的A、B、C、D、E五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。
1、某产品去年上涨价格10%，今年上涨20%，两年共上涨（）A.15%B.16%C.30%D.32%E.33%【答案】D。
设原价为x，则现价为x×1.1×1.2=1.32x，所以提高了32%。
2、设{}⊂的充分必要条件是=-<∈=-<∈，则A B1,,{2,}A x x a x RB x x b x R（）A. ǀa−bǀ≤1B. ǀa−bǀ≥1C. ǀa−bǀ<1D. ǀa−bǀ>1E. ǀa−bǀ=1【答案】A。
ǀx−aǀ<1⇔a-1<x<a+1；ǀx−bǀ<2⇔b-2<x<b+2，又因为A⸦B，推出ǀa−bǀ≤13、总成绩=甲成绩×30%+乙成绩×20%+丙成绩×50%，考试通过的标准是每部分≥50分，且总成绩≥60分，已知甲成绩70分，乙成绩75分，且通过这项考试，则丙成绩分数至少是（）A.48B.50C.55D.60E.62【答案】B。
2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(三)真题答案及解析
16.AmadeBservedCsavedDused
17.ATo be fairBFor instanceCTo be briefDin general
18.AreluctantlyBentirelyCgraduallyDcarefully
11.Ainsufficiቤተ መጻሕፍቲ ባይዱntBboundClikelyDslow
12.AOn the basis ofBAt the cost ofCIn addition toDIn contrast to
13.AinterestingBadvisableCurgentDfortunate
14.AAs usualBIn particularCBy definitionDAfter all
11.【答案】C likely
【解析】此处考察固定搭配。be likely to可能。insufficient不足的，不够的；bound捆绑的，束缚的，有义务的；slow缓慢的。
12.【答案】A On the basis of
【解析】此处考察短语辨析+上下文逻辑。__12__ the precautionary principle, it could be argued that it is __13__ to follow the FSA advice.12预防性原则，可以说遵循FSA的建议是13。On the basis of以...为基础，根据，按照；At the cost of以...为代价；In addition to除...之外；In contrast to与之相对，相反。
6.AunderBatCforDby
2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类联考综合能力真题
2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类联考综合能力真题(总分：200.00，做题时间：180分钟)一、问题求解(总题数：15，分数：45.00)1.某产品去年涨价 10%，今年涨价 20%，则产品这两年涨价（）。
（分数：3.00）A.15%B.16%C.30%D.32% √E.33%比例之增长率假设产品涨价前（即前年）的价格为 1，两年涨了 p ，则由1(1+p) 1(1+10%)(1+20%)可得 p=0.32，即 32%，故选项 D 正确。
2.，则 A⊂B 的充分必要条件是（）。
（分数：3.00）A.|a-b|≤1√B.|a-b|≥1C.|a-b|＜1D.|a-b|＞1E.|a-b|=1绝对值不等式、集合子集关系3.一项考试的总成绩由甲、乙、丙三项成绩组成，总成绩=甲成绩×30%+乙成绩×20%+丙成绩×50%，考试通过的标准是每部分≥ 50 分，且总成绩≥60 分。
已知某人甲成绩 70 分，乙成绩 75 分，且通过了这项考试，则此人丙成绩的分数至少是（）。
（分数：3.00）A.48B.50 √C.55D.60E.62应用题之不等式最值设丙成绩为 x ，由题意70×30%+75×20%+x.50%≥60, x≥50 ，解得x≥48, x≥50，故 x 至少取 50。
4.从 1 至 10 这 10 个整数中任取 3 个数，恰有 1 个质数的概率是（）。
（分数：3.00）A.B.√C.D.E.古典概型、质数穷举5.若等差数列{an }满足a1=8，且a2+a4=a1，则{an}的前n 项和的最大值为（）。
（分数：3.00）A.16B.17C.18D.19E.20 √等差数列前n 项和最值6.已知实数 x 满足（）。
（分数：3.00）A.12B.15C.18 √D.24E.27公式、整体法7.设实数 x y, 满足|x-2|+|y-2|≤2，则x2+y2的取值范围是（）。
2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试-英语(一)试题以及参考答案【聚创考研】
2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试英语一Section I Use of English（红色字体为参考答案）以下真题及答案由聚创考研网收集整理，仅供参考，如有出入请以教育部公布的权威答案和解析为准！Directions:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark [A], [B], [C], or [D] on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Even if families don’t sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation’s great traditions: the Sunday roast. 1 a cold winter’s day，few culinary pleasures can 2 it. Yet as we report now，the food police are determined our health that this 3 should be rendered yet another guilty pleasure 4 to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public warning about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6 high temperatures. This means that people should 7 crisping their roast potatoes, reject thin—crust pizzas and only 8 toast their bread. But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice, there is no 10 evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11 to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof . 12 the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13 to follow the FSA advice. 14 , it was rumoured that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15 .Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables, without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. But would life be worth living? 17 , the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18 , but reduce their lifetime intake.However, their 19 risks coming across as being pushy and overprotective. Constant health scares just 20 with one listening.1. [A] In [B] Towards [C] On[D] Till2. [A] match[B] express [C] satisfy [D] influence3. [A] patience [B] enjoyment[C] surprise [D] concern4 .[A] intensified [B] privileged [C] compelled [D] guaranteed5. [A] issued[B] received [C] compelled [D] guaranteed6. [A] under [B] at[C] for [D] by7. [A] forget [B] regret [C] finish[D] avoid8. [A] partially[B] regularly [C] easily [D] initially9. [A] Unless [B] Since [C] If [D] While10. [A] secondary [B] external [C] conclusive[D] negative11. [A] insufficient [B] bound [C] likely[D] slow12. [A] On the basis of[B] At the cost of [C] In addition to [D] In contrast to13. [A] interesting [B] advisable[C] urgent [D] fortunate14. [A] As usual [B] In particular [C] By definition [D] After all15. [A] resemblance [B] combination [C] connection[D] pattern16. [A] made [B] served[C] saved [D] used17.[A] To be fair[B] For instance [C] To be brief [D] In general18. [A] reluctantly [B] entirely[C] gradually [D] carefully19. [A] promise [B] experience [C] campaign[D] competition20. [A] follow up [B] pick up [C] open up [D] end upSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing [A], [B], [C], or [D]. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (40 points)Text lA group of labour MPs, among them Yvette Cooper, are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK “town of culture” award. The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title, which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for zozl. Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull, where it brought in £220m of investment and an avalanche of arts, out not to be confined to cities. Britain’ town, it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions. A town of culture award could, it is argued, become an annual event, attracting funding and creating jobs.Some might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of European capital of culture, a sough-after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in 2008. A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow—village of culture? Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise lo recall that such titles are not a cure-all. A badly run “year of culture” washes in and out of a place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community. The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high-profile arts events and good press for a year. They transform the aspirations of the people who live there; they nudge the self-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light. It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities, the private sector, community, groups and culturalorganisations. But it can be done: Glasgow’s year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A “town of culture”could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town’s peculiarities—helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21.Cooper and her colleagues argue that a “town of culture” award could .[A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain’s towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain’s towns.[D] focus Britain’s limited resources on cultural events.22. According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as .[A] a sensible compromise. [B] a self-deceiving attempt.[C] an eye-catching bonus. [D] an inaccessible target.23. The author suggests that a title holder is successful only if it .[A] endeavours to maintain its image.[B] meets the aspirations of its people.[C] brings its local arts to prominence.[D] commits to its long-term growth.24. Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present .[A] a contrasting case. [B] a supporting example.[C] a background story. [D] a related topic.25. What is the author’s attitude towards the proposal?[A] Skeptical. [B] Objective. [C] Favourable. [D] Critical.Text 2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need journals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward. Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free, because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free, the publisher needs only find a market for its journal. Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive. Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations, at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier, which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than £900m last year, while UK universities alone spent more than £210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research; both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub, a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers, set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015. The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed, shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among is users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies. In some ways it has been very successful. More than half of all British scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication, or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for the universities. Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writersfees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around £500 to $5,000. A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these “article preparation costs”had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation. In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet: labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status, while huge profits are made by a few big firms who rum the market places. In both cases, we need a rebalancing of power.26. Scientific publishing is seen as “a licence to print money” partly because .[A] its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B] its marketing strategy has been successful.[C] its payment for peer review is reduced.[D] its content acquisition costs nothing.27. According to Paragraphs 2 and 3, scientific publishers Elsevier have .[A] thrived mainly on university libraries.[B] gone through an existential crisis.[C] revived the publishing industry.[D] financed researchers generously.28. How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?[A] Relieved. [B] Puzzled. [C] Concerned. [D] Encouraged.29. It can be learned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms .[A] allow publishers some room to make money.[B] render publishing much easier for scientists.[C] reduce the cost of publication substantially[D] free universities from financial burdens.30. Which of the following characteristics the scientific publishing model?[A] Trial subscription is offered.[B] Labour triumphs over status.[C] Costs are well controlled.[D] The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form of virtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad, to ensure “gender parity” on boards and commissions, provide a case in point.Haddad and Lewis are concerned that more than half the state-government boards are less than 40 percent female. In order to ensure that elite women have more such opportunities, they have proposed imposing government quotas. If the bills become law; state boards and commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last year became the first state to require gender quotas for private companies. In signing the measure, California Governor Jerry Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex, is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an “important”policy interest, Because the California law applies to all boards, even where there is no history of prior discrimination, courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of “equal protection”.But are such government mandates even necessary? Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women in the general population, but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without governmentinterference. According to a study by Catalyst, between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards. That is exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a “golden skirt” phenomenon. where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity, remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.31.The author believes hat the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will .[A] help lite to reduce gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women’s position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32. Which of the following is true of the California measure?[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C] It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will settle the prior controversies.33. The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate .[A] the harm from arbitrary board decision.[B] the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34. Norway’s adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to .[A] the underestimation of elite women’s role.[B] the objection to female participation on bards.[C] the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between Labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?[A] Women’s need in employment should be considered[B] Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.Text 4Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data. and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services. Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this as a ”GAFA tax,”meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies such as Google, Apple, Facebook and Amazon—in other words, multinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure, and it could go into effect within the next few weeks. But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite States trade representative opening an investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies, which in turn couldlead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue. Instead, the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions. These have included Britain’s DPT (diverted profits tax), Australia’s MAAL (multinational antiavoidance law) and India’s SEP (significant economic presence) test, to. name but a few. At the same time, the European Union, Spain, Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics, but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax, even if international tax rules do not grant them that right. In other words, they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD) is currently working with 131 countries to reach a consensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution. Both France and the United States are involved in the organization’s work, but France’s digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the international tax system.France’s planned tax is a clear waning: Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system, other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36.The French Senate has passed a bill to .[A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies’ interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax .[A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease international trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinion that .[A] redistribution of tech giants’ revenue must be ensured.[B] the current international tax system needs upgrading[C] tech multinationals’ monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Paragraph 5 that the OECO’s current work .[A] is being resisted by US companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C] France Says “NO” to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital EconomyPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading fromthe A-G for each of the numbered paragraph (41-45). There are two extra subheadings. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)[A] Eye fixations are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated[F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way. But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility. Here’s what hard science reveals about eye contact:41. [C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal .We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother’s eyes, and she will look back. This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood, looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention. It can catch someone’s attention in a crowded room, “Eye contact and smile” can signal availability and confidence, a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42. [E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated .Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found in high-functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms, who may tend to avoid eye contact. Specific brain regions that respond during directgaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43. [G] Eye contact can also be aggressive. .With the use of eye-tracking technology, Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages, depending on the situation. While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations, it’s more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situations. “Whether you’re a politician or a parent, it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you’re trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,” said Minson.44. [A] Eye fixations are brief .When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at a time, often on the eyes or mouth. These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot, until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots. How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45. [D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact.In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance, according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. “our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ.”A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.Part CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the Renaissance, the modem world saw a departure from what it had once known. It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17th century, with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarity among those with a more logical disposition.(46)With the Church’s teachings and ways of thinking eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the Medieval and modem periods had been bridged leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. (47)Before each of their revelations, many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking including the geo-centric view that the Earth was at the centre of our universe. Copernicus theorized in 1543 that all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense. Offering up such a theory during a time of high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy, and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death.(48)Despite attempts by the Church to suppress this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made at a rate that the people could no longer ignore. It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church’s long standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of 17th century. (49)As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world, the Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era—the Age ofReason.The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method, reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. (50) Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase ‘sapere aude’or ‘dare to know’, after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay “An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?”. It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.46.文艺复兴的到来使天主教的教义和思维方式黯然失色，中世纪和现代之间的差距也随之缩小，这使得人类进入了全新的未经探索的知识领域。
2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案
2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语一试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark[A],[B],[C],or[D]on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)Even if families don't sit down to eat together as frequently as before, millions of Britons will nonetheless have got a share this weekend of one of that nation s great traditions:the Sunday roast.1____a cold winter's day,few culinary pleasures can 2____it.Yet as we report now.The food police are determined our health. That this 3____should be rendered yet another quality pleasure 4___to damage our health.The Food Standards Authority (FSA) has 5 a public worming about the risks of a compound called acrylamide that forms in some foods cooked 6____high temperatures.This means that people should 7____ crisping their roast potatoes,reject thin- crust pizzas and only_ 8____toast their bread.But where is the evidence to support such alarmist advice? 9 studies have shown that acrylamide can cause neurological damage in mice,there is no 10____ evidence that it causes cancer in humans.Scientists say the compound is 11____to cause cancer but have no hard scientific proof 12____the precautionary principle it could be argued that it is 13____to follow the FSA advice.14____,it was rumoured that smoking caused cancer for years before the evidence was found to prove a 15____.Doubtless a piece of boiled beef can always be 16 up on Sunday alongside some steamed vegetables,without the Yorkshire pudding and no wine. Butwould life be worth living? 17____,the FSA says it is not telling people to cut out roast foods 18____,but reduce their lifetime intake.However its19____risks coming a cross as being pushy and overprotective.Constant health scares just 20____ with one listening.1.[A]In [B]Towards [C]On [D]Till2.[A] match [B]express [C]satisfy [D]influence :3.[A]patience [B]enjoyment [C]surprise [D]concern4.[A]intensified [B]privileged [C]compelled [D]guaranteed5.[A]isued [B]received [C]compelled [D] guaranteed6.[A]under [B]at [C]for [D]by7.[A]forget [B]regret [C]finish [D]avoid8.[A]partially [B]regular [C]easily [D]intally9.[A]Unless [B]Since [C]If [D] While10.[A]secondary [B]external [C]conclusive [D]negative11.[A]insufficient [B]bound [C]likely [D] slow12.[A]On the basis of [B]At the cost of [C]In addition to [D]In contrast to13.[A]interesting [B]advisable [C]urgent [D]fortunate14.[A]As usual [B]In particular [C]By definition [D]After all15.[A]resemblance [B]combination [C]connection [D]patterm16.[A]made [B]served [C]saved [D]used17.[A]To be fair [B]For instance [C]To be brief [D]In general18.[A]reluctantly [B]entirely [C]gradually [D]carefully19.[A]promise [B]experience [C]campaign [D]competition20.[A]follow up [B]pick up [C]open up [D]end up .Section II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below cach text by choosing[A],[B],[C],or[D].Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1A group of labour MPs,among them Yvette Cooper,are bringing in the new year with a call to institute a UK“town of culture"award.The proposal is that it should sit alongside the existing city of culture title,which was held by Hull in 2017 and has been awarded to Coventry for zoz1.Cooper and her colleagues argue that the success of the crown for Hull,where it brought in 220m of investment and an avalanche of arts,out not to be confined to cities.Britain' town,it is true are not prevented from applying, but they generally lack the resources to put together a bit to beat their bigger competitions.A town of culture award could,it is argued,become an annual event,attracting funding and creating jobs.Some 1might see the proposal as a boo by prize for the fact that Britain is no longer be able to apply for the much more prestigious title of Furopean capital of culture,a sough after award bagged by Glasgow in 1990 and Liverpool in2008.A cynic might speculate that the UK is on the verge of disappearing into an endless fever of self-celebration in its desperation to reinvent itself for the post-Brexit world: after town of culture, who knows that will follow-village of culture?Suburb of culture? Hamlet of culture?It is also wise lo recall that such titles are not a cure-al1.A badly ru n“year of culture"washes in and out ofa place like the tide, bringing prominence for a spell but leaving no lasting benefits to the community.The really successful holders of such titles are those that do a great deal more than fill hotel bedrooms and bring in high profile arts events and good press for a year.They transform the aspirations of the people who live there;they nudge theself-image of the city into a bolder and more optimistic light.It is hard to get right, and requires a remarkable degree of vision, as well as cooperation between city authorities,the private sector,community.groups and cultural organisations.But it can be done:Glasgow's year as European capital of culture can certainly be seen as one of complex series of factors that have turned the city into the power of art, music and theatre that it remains today.A“town of culture" could be not just about the arts but about honouring a town's peculiarities-helping sustain its high street, supporting local facilities and above all celebrating its people and turn it into action.21.Cooper and her colleagues argue that a“town of culture" award could_____[A] consolidate the town-city ties in Britain.[B] promote cooperation among Britain's towns.[C] increase the economic strength of Britain's towns.[D] focus Britain's limited resources on cultural events.22.According to Paragraph 2, the proposal might be regarded by some as______[A]a sensible compromise.[B]a self-deceiving attempt.[C]an eye catching bonus[D]an inaccessible target.23.The author suggests that a title holder is successful onlyif it_____[A]endeavours to maintain its image.[B]meets the aspirations of its people.[C]brings its local arts to prominence.[D]commits to its long-term growth.24.Glasgow is mentioned in Paragraph 3 to present_____[A]a contrasting case.(B]a supporting example.[C]a background story.[D]a related topic.25.What is the author 's attitude towards the proposal?[A]Skeptical.[B]Objective.[C]Favourable.[D]Critical.Text 2Scientific publishing has long been a licence to print money. Scientists need joumals in which to publish their research, so they will supply the articles without monetary reward.Other scientists perform the specialised work of peer review also for free,because it is a central element in the acquisition of status and the production of scientific knowledge.With the content of papers secured for free,the publisher needs only find a market for its journal.Until this century, university libraries were not very price sensitive.Scientific publishers routinely report profit margins approaching 40% on their operations,at a time when the rest of the publishing industry is in an existential crisis.The Dutch giant Elsevier,which claims to publish 25% of the scientific papers produced in the world, made profits of more than f900m last year,while UK universities alone spent more than f210m in 2016 to enable researchers to access their own publicly funded research;both figures seem to rise unstoppably despite increasingly desperate efforts to change them.The most drastic, and thoroughly illegal, reaction has been the emergence of Sci-Hub,a kind of global photocopier for scientific papers,set up in 2012, which now claims to offer access to every paywalled article published since 2015.The success of Sci-Hub, which relies on researchers passing on copies they have themselves legally accessed,shows the legal ecosystem has lost legitimacy among is users and must be transformed so that it works for all participants.In Britain the move towards open access publishing has been driven by funding bodies.In some ways it has been very successful.More than half of allBrtish scientific research is now published under open access terms: either freely available from the moment of publication,or paywalled for a year or more so that the publishers can make a profit before being placed on general release.Yet the new system has not worked out any cheaper for theuniversities.Publishers have responded to the demand that they make their product free to readers by charging their writers fees to cover the costs of preparing an article. These range from around £500 to S5,000.A report last year pointed out that the costs both of subscriptions and of these“article preparation costs" had been steadily rising at a rate above inflation.In some ways the scientific publishing model resembles the economy of the social internet:labour is provided free in exchange for the hope of status,while huge profits are made by a few big firms who run the market places.In both cases,we need a rebalancing of power.26.Scientific publishing is seen as“a licence to print money" partlybecause______[A]its funding has enjoyed a steady increase.[B]its marketing strategy has been successful.[C]its payment for peer review is reduced.[D]its content acquisition costs nothing.27.According to Paragraphs 2 and 3,scientific publishers Elsevier have_____[A]thrived mainly on university libraries.[B]gone through an existential crisis.[C]revived the publishing industry.[D]financed researchers generously.28.How does the author feel about the success of Sci-Hub?______[A]Relieved.[B]Puzzled.[C]Concermed.[D]Encouraged.29.It can be learmned from Paragraphs 5 and 6 that open access terms_____[A]allow publishers some room to make money.[B]render publishing much easier for scientists.[C]reduce the cost of publication subtantially[D]free universities from financial burdens.30.Which of the following characteristics the scientific publishingmodel?______[A]Trial subscription is offered.[B]Labour triumphs over status.[C]Costs are well controlled.[D]The few feed on the many.Text 3Progressives often support diversity mandates as a path to equality and a way to level the playing field. But all too often such policies are an insincere form ofvirtue-signaling that benefits only the most privileged and does little to help average people.A pair of bills sponsored by Massachusetts state Senator Jason Lewis and House Speaker Pro Tempore Patricia Haddad,to ensure “gender parity"on boards and commissions, provide a case in commissions will be required to set aside 50 percent of board seats for women by 2022.The bills are similar to a measure recently adopted in California, which last year became the irst state to require gender quotas for private companies.In signing the measure,California Govermor Jery Brown admitted that the law, which expressly classifies people on the basis of sex,is probably unconstitutional.The US Supreme Court frowns on sex-based classifications unless they are designed to address an“important"policy interest,Because the California law applies to all boards,ever where there is no history of priordiscrimination,courts are likely to rule that the law violates the constitutional guarantee of“equal protection”.But are such government mandates even necessary?Female participation on corporate boards may not currently mirror the percentage of women.in the general population,but so what?The number of women on corporate boards has been steadily increasing without govenment interference.According to a study by Catalyst,between 2010 and 2015 the share of women on the boards of global corporations increased by 54 percent.Requiring companies to make gender the primary qualification for board membership will inevitably lead to less experienced private sector boards.Thatis exactly what happened when Norway adopted a nationwide corporate gender quota.Writing in The New Republic, Alice Lee notes that increasing the number of opportunities for board membership without increasing the pool of qualified women to serve on such boards has led to a“golden skirt"phenomenon. where the same elite women scoop up multiple seats on a variety of boards.Next time somebody pushes corporate quotas as a way to promote gender equity,remember that such policies are largely self-serving measures that make their sponsors feel good but do little to help average women.31.The author believes hat the bills sponsored by Lewis and Haddad will_____[A] help lttle to reduce gender bias.[B] pose a threat to the state government.[C] raise women's position in politics.[D] greatly broaden career options.32.Which of the following is true of the Califomnia measure?____[A] It has irritated private business owners.[B] It is welcomed by the Supreme Court.[C]It may go against the Constitution.[D] It will setle the prior controversies.33.The author mentions the study by Catalyst to illustrate_____[A] the harm from arbitrary board decision.[B] the importance of constitutional guarantees.[C] the pressure on women in global corporations.[D] the needlessness of government interventions.34.Norway's adoption of a nationwide corporate gender quota has led to_____[A] the underestimation of elite women's role.[B] the objection to female participation on bards.[C] the entry of unqualified candidates into the board.[D] the growing tension between Labor and management.35. Which of the following can be inferred from the text?_____IAI Women's need in employment should be considered[B] Feasibility should be a prime concern in policymaking.[C] Everyone should try hard to promote social justice.[D] Major social issues should be the focus of legislation.Text 4Last Thursday, the French Senate passed a digital services tax, which would impose an entirely new tax on large multinationals that provide digital services to consumers or users in France. Digital services include everything from providing a platform for selling goods and services online to targeting advertising based on user data and the tax applies to gross revenue from such services.Many French politicians and media outlets have referred to this asa“GAFA tax,"meaning that it is designed to apply primarily to companies suchas Google,Apple,Facebook and Amazon-in other words,mutinational tech companies based in the United States.The digital services tax now awaits the signature of President Emmanuel Macron, who has expressed support for the measure,and it could go into effect within the next few weeks.But it has already sparked significant controversy, with the Unite States trade representative opening a investigation into whether the tax discriminates against American companies,which in tum could lead to trade sanctions against France.The French tax is not just a unilateral move by one country in need of revenue.Instead,the digital services tax is part of a much larger trend, with countries over the past few years proposing or putting in place an alphabet soup of new international tax provisions.These have included Britain's DPT (diverted profits tax), Australia's MAAL (multinational antiavoidance law),and India's SEP (significant economic presence) test, but a few.At the same time,the European Union,Spain,Britain and several other countries have all seriously contemplated digital services taxes.These unilateral developments differ in their specifics,but they are all designed to tax multinationals on income and revenue that countries believe they should have a right to tax,even if intermnational tax rules do not grant them that right.In other words,they all share a view that the international tax system has failed to keep up with the current economy.In response to these many unilateral measures, the Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development (OECD)is currently working with 131 countries to reach a consensus by the end of 2020 on an international solution.Both France and the United States are involved in the organization's work, but France's digital services tax and the American response raise questions about what the future holds for the interational tax system.France's planned tax is a clear waning:Unless a broad consensus can be reached on reforming the international tax system.other nations are likely to follow suit, and American companies will face a cascade of different taxes from dozens of nations that will prove burdensome and costly.36. The French Senate has passed a bill to____[A] regulate digital services platforms.[B] protect French companies' interests.[C] impose a levy on tech multinationals.[D] curb the influence of advertising.37. It can be learmned from Paragraph 2 that the digital services tax_____[A] may trigger countermeasures against France.[B] is apt to arouse criticism at home and abroad.[C] aims to ease intermational trade tensions.[D] will prompt the tech giants to quit France.38. The countries adopting the unilateral measures share the opinionthat_____[A] redistribution of tech giants' revenue must be ensured.[B] the current intermational tax system needs upgrading[C] tech multinationals' monopoly should be prevented.[D] all countries ought to enjoy equal taxing rights.39. It can be learned from Paragraph 5 that the OECO'S current work_____[A] is being resisted by Us companies.[B] needs to be readjusted immediately.[C] is faced with uncertain prospects.[D] needs to involve more countries.40. Which of the following might be the best title for this text?_____[A] France Is Confronted with Trade Sanctions[B] France leads the charge on Digital Tax[C]France Says "NO" to Tech Multinationals[D] France Demands a Role in the Digital EconomyPart BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the A-G for each of the numbered paragraph (41 -45).There are two extra subheadings.Mark youranswers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A] Eye fixations are brief[B] Too much eye contact is instinctively felt to rude[C] Eye contact can be a friendly social signal[D] Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contact[E] Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated[F] Most people are not comfortable holding eye contact with strangers[G] Eye contact can also be aggressive.In a social situation, eye contact with another person can show that you are paying attention in a friendly way.But it can also be antagonistic such as when a political candidate turns toward their competitor during a debate and makes eye contact that signals hostility.Here's what hard science reveals about eye contact:41._________________________We know that a typical infant will instinctively gaze into its mother's eyes, and she will look back.This mutual gaze is a major part of the attachment between mother and child. In adulthood,looking someone else in a pleasant way can be a complimentary sign of paying attention.It can catch someone 's attention in a crowded room,“Eye contact and smile" can signal availability and confidence,a common-sense notion supported in studies by psychologist Monica Moore.42._________________________Neuroscientist Bonnie Augeung found that the hormone oxytocin increased the amount of eye contact from men toward the interviewer during a brief interview when the direction of their gaze was recorded. This was also found inhigh-functioning men with some autistic spectrum symptoms,who may tend to avoid eye contact.Specific brain regions that respond during direct gaze are being explored by other researches, using advanced methods of brain scanning.43.__________________________With the use of eye-tracking technology,Julia Minson of the Harvard Kennedy School of Government concluded that eye contact can signal very different kinds of messages,depending on the situation.While eye contact may be a sign of connection or trust in friendly situations,it's more likely to be associated with dominance or intimidation in adversarial situ ations.“Whether you're a politician or a parent,it might be helpful to keep in mind that trying to maintain eye contact may backfire if you're trying to convince someone who has a different set of beliefs than you,"said Minson.44.___________________________When we look at a face or a picture, our eyes pause on one spot at atime,often on the eyes or mouth.These pauses typically occur at about three per second, and the eyes then jump to another spot until several important points in the image are registered like a series of snapshots.How the whole image is then assembled and perceived is still a mystery although it is the subject of current research.45.____________________________In people who score high in a test of neuroticism, a personality dimension associated with self-consciousness and anxiety, eye contact triggered more activity associated with avoidance,according to the Finnish researcher Jari Hietanen and colleagues. “Our findings indicate that people do not only feel different when they are the centre of attention but that their brain reactions also differ."A more direct finding is that people who scored high for negative emotions like anxiety looked at others for shorter periods of time and reported more comfortable feelings when others did not look directly at them.41. C Eye contact can be a friendly social signalE42. E Biological factors behind eye contact are being investigated43. G Eye contact can also be aggressive44. A Eye fixactions are brief45. D Personality can affect how a person reacts to eye contactPart CDirections:Read the following text carefully and then translate the underlined segments into Chinese. Your translation should be written neatly on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Following the explosion of creativity in Florence during the 14th century known as the Renaissance, the modern world saw a departure from what it had once known.It turned from God and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church and instead favoured a more humanistic approach to being. Renaissance ideas had spread throughout Europe well into the 17th century,with the arts and sciences flourishing extraordinarily among those with a more logical disposition. 46.With (the gap between) the Church's teachings and ways of thinking being eclipsed by the Renaissance, the gap between the Medieval and modern periods had been bridged, leading to new and unexplored intellectual territories.During the Renaissance, the great minds of Nicolaus Copernicus, Johannes Kepler and Galileo Galilei demonstrated the power of scientific study and discovery. 47. Before each of their revelations. many thinkers at the time had sustained more ancient ways of thinking, including the Ptolemaic and Aristotlean geocentric view that the Earth was at the centre of ouruniverse.Copernicus theorised in 1543 that in actual fact, all of the planets that we knew of revolved not around the Earth, but the Sun, a system that was later upheld by Galileo at his own expense.Offering up such a theory during a timeof high tension between scientific and religious minds was branded as heresy, and any such heretics that continued to spread these lies were to be punished by imprisonment or even death. Galileo was excommunicated by the Church and imprisoned for life for his astronomical observations and his support of the heliocentricprinciple.48.Despite attempts by the Church to strong-arm this new generation of logicians and rationalists, more explanations for how the universe functioned were being made, and at a ratethat the people一including the Church一could no longer ignore. It was with these great revelations that a new kind of philosophy founded in reason was born.The Church's long- standing dogma was losing the great battle for truth to rationalists and scientists. This very fact embodied the new ways of thinking that swept through Europe during most of the 17th century. 49. As many took on the duty of trying to integrate reasoning and scientific philosophies into the world. The Renaissance was over and it was time for a new era-the Age of Reason.The 17th and 18th centuries were times of radical change and curiosity. Scientific method,reductionism and the questioning of Church ideals was to be encouraged, as were ideas of liberty, tolerance and progress. 50. Such actions to seek knowledge and to understand what information we already knew were captured by the Latin phrase ‘sapere aude' or‘dare to know', after Immanuel Kant used it in his essay An Answer to the Question: What is Enlightenment?. It was the purpose and responsibility of great minds to go forth and seek out the truth, which they believed to be founded in knowledge.参考答案：46.随着文艺复兴使教会的指导和思考方式黯然失色，中世纪和现代的差距已然扩大，导向崭新的和未经探索的知识领域。
2020全国硕士研究生入学统一考试数学(二)真题及答案解析
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答案：1
【解析】 y 2y y 0, 所以特解方程： 2 +2+1=0，（+1）2 =0 1=2 =-1； y通 =(C1 C2x)ex ； y通' ex (C2 C1 C2x) ；又 y(0) 0，y' (0) 1 ；
三、解答题：15～23 小题，共 94 分．解答应写出文字说明、证明过程或演算步骤．请将答案写在答． 题．纸．指定位置上．
15.（本题满分 10 分）.
求曲线
y
x1 x
1 xx
x
0 的斜渐近线。
x1 x
【解析】：斜率 k
lim x
上海海关学院硕士专业学位研究生复试工作管理办法-研究生处
上海海关学院硕士专业学位研究生复试工作管理办法第一章总则第一条复试是研究生招生考试的核心组成部分，是在初试基础上对考生专业能力、能力倾向、综合素质进行的进一步深度考查，对于提高选拔质量具有重要意义。
为规范我院硕士专业学位研究生复试工作，确保生源质量，按照教育部《关于加强硕士研究生招生复试工作的指导意见》（教学司〔2006〕4号），结合我院实际，特制定本办法。
第二条拥护中国共产党的领导，愿为社会主义现代化建设服务，品德良好，遵纪守法，符合复试基本分数要求的考生方可参加复试。
第三条所有初试合格的考生（含调剂考生）均必须参加复试，复试合格后方能录取。
第四条复试实行差额复试，差额比例一般按照120%左右掌握，生源充足的情况下，可以适度扩大差额比例。
第二章复试工作原则第五条公平公正，过程透明。
做到程序公正、结果公开、政策透明、监督机制健全，切实维护考生的合法权益。
第六条全面考查，突出重点。
在对考生德智体等全面考察的基础上，突出对专业素质、实践能力及应用能力等方面的考核。
第七条客观评价，程序规范。
业务课考核成绩应量化，综合素质考核也应有较明确的等次结果。
第三章复试组织管理第八条学院设研究生招生工作领导小组，负责复试工作的领导和统筹管理，组织安排、整体协调学院复试的各项工作。
第九条学院设研究生招生工作监察小组，负责对复试工作进行全面监督，并可根据需要选派监察人员对面试过程进行现场监察。
第十条研招领导小组设研究生招生工作办公室（下称研招办），设在研究生处，主要职责是：（一）制订学院研究生招生复试工作管理办法并组织实施，明确复试工作保密、纪律等要求和规定；（二）审核研究生培养单位（系）制定的年度复试工作方案并提前向考生公布；（三）依据国家复试分数线，发布我院复试基本分数线，公布复试考生名单并通知考生；（四）组织复试考生报到，并进行资格审查；（五）组织命制和管理复试专业课笔试和综合面试试题，组织复试专业课考试、考务等工作；（六）汇总统计复试考生成绩，提出拟录取名单报研招领导小组审批后公布；（七）发放调档函，调取拟录取考生档案材料；（八）会同监察部门对研究生培养单位复试工作进行检查和监督；（九）受理考生关于复试的复议申请并组织调查；（十）承担由研招领导小组交办的其他任务。
2020全国硕士研究生入学统一考试204英语二考研真题及答案
2020全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）Section I Use of EnglishDirections:Read the following text. Choose the best word (s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points)Being a good parent is, of course, what every parent would like to be. But defining that it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very 1 , particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, 2 , a younger sibling. 3 , there’s another sort of parent that’s a bit easier to 4 : a patient parent. Children of every age benefit parenting. Still, 5 every parent would like to be patient, there is no easy 6 . Sometimes parents get exhausted and frustrated and are unable to maintain a 7 and composed style with their kids. I understand this.You are only human, and sometimes your kids can 8 you just a little too far. And then the 9 happens; You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was a bit too 10 and does nobody any good.You wish that you could 11 the clock and start over. We ’ve all been there.12 , even though it’s common, it’s important to keep in mind that in a single moment of f atigue, you can say something to your child that you may 13 for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also 14 your child’s self-esteem.If you consistently lose your 15 with your kids, then you are inadvertently modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the 16 of modeling tolerance and patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to emotionally regulate or maintain emotional control when 17 by stress is one of the most important of all life’s skills.Certainly, it’s incredibly 18 to maintain patience at all times with your children. A more practical goal is to try, to the best of your ability, to be as tolerant and composed as you can when faced with 19 situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and 20 from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.1. A. tedious B.pleasant C. instructive D.tricky2. A. in addition B.for example C. at once D.by accident3. A. Fortunately B.Occasionally C. According D.Eventually4. A. assume B.assist C. describe D.train5. A. while B.because C.unless D.once6. A. answer B.task C.choice D.access7. A. tolerant B.formal C. rigid D.critical8. A. move B.drag C. push D.send9. A. mysterious B.illogical C. suspicious D.inevitable10. A.boring B.native C.harsh D.vague11. A. turn back B.take apart C. set aside D.cover up12. A. Overall B.Instead C.However D.Otherwise13. A. like B.miss C.believe D.regret14. A. raise B.affect C. justify D.reflect15. A. time B.bond C. race D. cool16. A. nature B.secret C. importance D.context17. A. cheated B.defeated C. confused D.confronted18. A. terrible B.hard C.strange D.wrong19. A. trying B.changing C. exciting D.surprising20. A. hide B. emerge C. withdraw D.escapeSection II Reading ComprehensionPart ADirections:Read the following four texts.Answer the questions below each text by choosing A,B,C or D.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(40 points)Text 1Rats and other animals need to be highly at tuned to social signals from others so that can identify friends to cooperate with and enemies to avoid. To find out if this extends to non-living beings, Loleh Quinn at the University of California, San Diego, and her colleagues tested whether rats can detect social signals from robotic rats.They housed eight adult rats with two types of robotic rat---one social and one asocial---for 5 our days. The robots rats were quite minimalist, resembling a chunkier version of a computer mouse with wheels-to move around and colorful markings.During the experiment, the social robot rat followed the living rats around, played with the same toys, and pened caged doors to let trapped rats escape. Meanwhile, the asocial robot simply moved forwards and backwards and side to side.Next, the researchers trapped the robots in cages and gave the rats the opportunity to release them bypressing a lever.Across 18 trials each,the living rats were 52 percent more likely on average to set the social robot free than the asocial one. This suggests that the rats perceived the social robot as a genuine social being. They may have bonded more with the social robot because it displayed behaviours like communal exploring and playing. This could lead to the rats better remembering having freed it earlier, and wanting the robot to return the favour when they get trapped, says Quinn.The readiness of the rats to befriend the social robot was surprising given its minimal design. The robot was the same size as a regular rat but resembled a simple plastic box on wheels. " We'd assumed we'd have to give it a moving head and tail, facial features, and put a scene on it to make it smell like a real rat, but that wasn't necessary," says Janet Wiles at the University of Queensland in Australia, who helped with the research.The finding shows how sensitive rats are to social cues, even when they come from basic robots. Similarly, children tend to treat robots as if they are fellow beings, even when they display only simple social signals." We humans seem to be fascinated by robots, and it turns out other animals are too,"says Wiles.21.Quinn and her colleagues conducted a test to see if rats can ____ .[A] pickup social signals from non-living rats[B]distinguish a friendly rat from a hostile one[C]attain sociable traits through special training[D] send out warning messages to their fellow22.What did the asocial robot do during the experiment?[A]It followed the social robot.[B]It played with some toys.[C]It set the trapped rats free.[D]It moved around alone.23.According to Quinn,the rats released the social robot because they____ .[A]tried to practice a means of escape[B]expected it to do the same in return[C]wanted to display their intelligence[D]considered that an interesting game24.James Wiles notes that rats ____ .[A]can remember other rat's facial features[B]differentiate smells better than sizes[C]respond more to actions than to looks[D]can be scared by a plastic box on wheels25.It can be learned from the text that rats____ .[A]appear to be adaptable to new surroundings[B]are more socially active than other animals[C]behave differently from children in socializing[D]are more sensitive to social cues than expectedText 2It is true that CEO pay has gone up-top ones may make 300 times the pay of typical workers on average, and since the mid-1970s, CEO pay for large publicly traded American corporations has, by varying estimates,gone up by about 500%. The typical CEO of a top American corporation now makes about S 18.9 million a year.The best model for understanding the growth of CEO pay is that of limited CEO talent in a world where business opportunities for the top firms are growing rapidly. The efforts of America's highest-earning 1% have been one of the more dynamic elements of the global economy. It's not popular to say, but one reason their pay has gone up so much is that CEOs really have upped their game relative to many other workers in the U.S.economy.Today's CEO, at least for major American firms.must have many more skills than simply being able to"run the company". CEOs must have a good sense of financial markets and maybe even how the company should, trade in them. They also need better public relations skills than their predecessors, as the costs of even a minor slip up can be significant. Then there's the fact that large American companies are much more globalized than ever before, with supply chains spread across a larger number of countries. To lead in that system requires knowledge that is fairly mind-boggling.The common idea that high CEO pay is mainly about ripping people off doesn't explain history very well.By most measures, corporate governance has become a lot tighter and more rigorous since the 1970s. Yet it is principally during this period of stronger governance that CEO pay has been high and rising. That suggests it is in the broader corporate interest to recruit top candidates for increasingly tough jobs.Furthermore, the highest CEO salaries are paid to outside candidates, not to the cozy insider picks. Another sign that high CEO pay is not some kind of depredation at the expense of the rest of the company. And the stock market reacts positively when companies tie CEO pay to, say, stock prices, a sign that those practices build up corporate value not just for the CEO.26. Which of the following has contributed to CEO pay rise?A. The growth in the number of corporationsB. The general pay rise with a better economyC. Increased business opportunities for top firmsD. Close cooperation among leading economicspared with their predecessors, today's CEOs are required to ___.A. foster a stronger sense of teamworkB. finance more research and developmentC. establish closer ties with tech companiesD. operate more globalized companies28. CEO pay has been rising since the 1970s despite ____.A. continual internal oppositionB. strict corporate governanceC. conservative business strategiesD. repeated governance warnings29.High CEO pay can be justified by the fact that it helps ___.A. confirm the status of CEOsB. motive inside candidatesC. boost the efficiency of CEOsD. increase corporate value30.The most suitable title for this text would be ___.A.CEOs Are Not OverpaidB. CEO Pay : Past and PresentC.CEOs' Challenges of TodayD.CEO Traits: Not Easy to DefineText 3Madrid was hailed as a public health beacon last November when it rolled out ambitious restrictions on the most polluting cars. Seven months and one election day later, a new conservative city council suspendedenforcement of the clean air zone, a first step toward its possible demise.Mayor Jose Luis Martinez-Almeida made opposition to the zone a centrepiece of his election campaign, despite its success in improving air quality. A judge has now overruled the city's decision to stop levying fines, ordering them reinstated. But with legal battles ahead, the zone's future looks uncertain at best.Among other weaknesses, the measures cities must employ when left to tackle dirty air on their own are politically contentious, and therefore vulnerable. That's because they inevitably put the costs of cleaning the air on to individual drivers---who must pay fees or buy better vehicles---rather than on to the car manufacturers whose cheating is the real cause of our toxic pollution.It's not hard to imagine a similar reversal happening in London. The new ultra-low emission zone (Ulez) is likely to be a big issue in next year's mayoral election. And if Sadiq Khan wins and extends it to the North and South Circular roads in 2021 as he intends, it is sure to spark intense opposition from the far larger number of motorists who will then be affected.It's not that measures such as London's Ulez are useless. Far from it. Local officials are using the levers that are available to them to safeguard residents' health in the face of a serious threat. The zones do deliver some improvements to air quality, and the science tells us that means real health benefits---fewer heart attacks, strokes and premature births, less cancer, dementia and asthma. Fewer untimely deaths.But mayors and councillors can only do so much about a problem that is far bigger than any one city or town. They are acting because national governments---Britain's and others across Europe---have failed to do so.Restrictions that keep highly polluting cars out of certain areas---city centres, “school streets”, even individual roads---are a response to the absence of a larger effort to properly enforce existing regulations and require auto companies to bring their vehicles into compliance. Wales has introduced special low speed limits to minimise pollution. We're doing everything but insist that manufacturers clean up their cars.31.Which of the following is true about Madrid's clean air zone?[A]Its effects are questionable[B]It has been opposed by a judge[C]It needs tougher enforcement[D]Its fate is yet to be decided32.Which is considered a weakness of the city-level measures to tackle dirty air?[A]They are biased against car manufacturers.[B]They prove impractical for city councils.[C]They are deemed too mild for politicians.[D] They put too much burden on individual motorists.33.The author believes that the extension of London's Ulez will ____.[A]arouse strong resistance.[B]ensure Khan's electoral success.[C]improve the city's traffic.[D]discourage car manufacturing.34.Who does the author think should have addressed the problem?[A]Local residents[B]Mayors.[C]Councilors.[D] National governments.35.It can be inferred from the last paragraph that auto companies ____.[A]will raise low-emission car production[B]should be forced to follow regulations[C]will upgrade the design of their vehicles[D]should be put under public supervisionText 4Now that members of Generation Zs are graduating college this spring --- the most commonly-accepted definition says this generation was born after 1995, give or take a year --- the attention has been rising steadily in recent weeks. GenZs are about to hit the streets looking for work in a labor market that's tighter than it's been in decades. And employers are planning on hiring about 17 percent more new graduates for jobs in the U.S. this year than last, according to a survey conducted by the National Association of Colleges and Employers. Everybody wants to know how the people who will soon inhabit those empty office cubicles will differ from those who came before them.If "entitled" is the most common adjective, fairly or not, applied to millennials (those born between 1981 and 1995), the catchwords for Generation Zs are practical and cautious. According to the career counselors and experts who study them, Generation Zs are clear-eyed, economic pragmatists. Despite graduating into the best economy in the past 50 years, Gen Zs know what an economic train wreck looks like. They were impressionable kids during the crash of 2008, when many of their parents lost their jobs or their life savings or both. They aren't interested in taking any chances. The booming economy seems to have done little to assuage this underlying generational sense of anxious urgency, especially for those who have college debt. College loan balances in the U.S. now stand at a record S1.5 trillion,according to the FederalReserve.One survey from Accenture found that 88 percent of graduating seniors this year chose their major with a job in mind. In a 2019 survey of University of Georgia students, meanwhile, the career office found the most desirable trait in a future employer was the ability to offer secure employment (followed by professional development and training,and then inspiring purpose). Job security or stability was the second most important career goal (work-life balance was number one) followed by a sense of being dedicated to a cause or to feel good about serving the greater good.That's a big change from the previous generation. Millennial wanted more flexibility in their lives, notes Tanya Michelson, Associate Director of Youth Sight, a UK-based brand manager that conducts regular 60-day surveys of British youth, in findings that might just as well apply to American youth. Generation Zs are looking for more certainty and stability, because of the rise of the gig economy. They have trouble seeinga financial future and they are quite risk averse."36.Generation Zs graduating college this spring ____[A]are recognized for their abilities[B]are in favor of job offers[C]are optimistic about the labor market[D] are drawing growing public attention37.Generation Zs are keenly aware____.[A]what a tough economic situation is like[B]what their parents expect of them[C]how they differ from past generations[D]how valuable a counselor's advice is38.The word "assuage" (line 9,para 2) is closet in meaning to ____[A]define [B]relieve [C]maintain [D]deepen39.It can be learned from Paragraph 3 that Generation Zs____[A] care little about their job performance[B] give top priority to professional training[C] think it hard to achieve work-life balance[D] have a clear idea about their future job.40.Michelsen thinks that compared with millennials, Generation Zs are ____[A]less realistic [B]less adventurous [C]more diligent [D]more generous Part BDirections:Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraphs(41-45).There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use. Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10 points)[A] Give compliments, just not too many.[B] Put on a good face,always.[C] Tailor your interactions.[D] Spend time with everyone.[E] Reveal,don't hide,information.[F] Slow down and listen.[G] Put yourselves in others' shoes.Five Ways to Win Over Everyone in the OfficeIs it possible to like everyone in your office? Think about how tough it is to get together 15 people,much less 50,who all get along perfectly.But unlike in friendships,you need coworkers.You work with them every day and you depend on them just as they depend on you.Here are some ways that you can get the whole office on your side.41.[E] Reveal, don't hide, information.If you have a bone to pick with someone in your workplace, you may try stay tight-lipped around them. But you won't be helping either one of you. A Harvard Business School study found that observers consistently rated those who were frank about themselves more highly, while those who hid lost trustworthiness.The lesson is not that you should make your personal life an open book, but rather, when given the option to offer up details about yourself or painstakingly conceal them,you should just be honest.42.[F] Slow down and listen.Just as important as being honest about yourself is being receptive to others.We often feel the need to tell others how we feel, whether it's a concern about a project, a stray thought, or a compliment. Those are all valid, but you need to take time to hear out your coworkers, too. In fact, rushing to get your own ideas out there can cause colleagues to feel you don't value their opinions. Do your best to engage coworkers in a genuine, back-and-forth conversation, rather than prioritizing your own thoughts.43.[D] Spend time with everyone.It's common to have a "cubicle mate" or special confidant in a work setting. But in addition to those trusted coworkers, you should expand your horizons and find out about all the people around you. Use your lunch and coffee breaks to meet up with colleagues you don't always see. Find out about their lives and interests beyond the job. It requires minimal effort and goes a long way. This will help to grow your internalnetwork, in addition to being a nice break in the work day.44.[A] Give compliments, just not too many.Positive feedback is important for anyone to hear. And you don't have to be someone's boss to tell them they did an exceptional job on a particular project. This will help engender good will in others. But don't overdo it or be fake about it.One study found that people responded best to comments that shifted from negative to positive, possibly because it suggested they had won somebody over.45.[C] Tailor your interactions.This one may be a bit more difficult to pull off, but it can go a long way to achieving results. Remember in dealing with any coworker what they appreciate from an interaction. Watch out for how they verbalize with others. Some people like small talk in a meeting before digging into important matters, while other are more straightforward. Jokes that work one person won't necessarily land with another. So, adapt your style accordingly to type. Consider the person that you're dealing with in advance and what will get you to your desired outcome.Section III TranslationIt’s almost impossible to go through life wit hout experiencing some kind of failure. But, the wonderful thing about failure is that it’s entirely up to us to decide how to look at it.We can choose to see failure as “the end of the world”. Or, we can look at failure as the incredible learning experience that it often is. Every time we fail at something, we can choose to look for the lesson we’re meant to learn. These lessons are very important, they’re how we grow, and how we keep from making that same mistake again. Failures stop us only if we let them.Failure can also teach us things about ourselves that we would never have learned otherwise. For instance, failure can help you discover how strong a person you are. Failure at something can help you discover your truest friends, or help you find unexpected motivation to succeed.生活中几乎不可能没有经历过某种失败。
教育部公布2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试公告
教育部公布2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试公告文章属性•【制定机关】教育部•【公布日期】2019.08.19•【文号】•【施行日期】2019.08.19•【效力等级】部门规范性文件•【时效性】现行有效•【主题分类】招生考试正文2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试公告根据《2020年全国硕士研究生招生工作管理规定》，现将2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试有关事项公告如下：一、初试时间2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试初试时间为2019年12月21日至12月22日（每天上午8:30-11:30，下午14:00-17:00）。
超过3小时的考试科目在12月23日进行（起始时间8:30，截止时间由招生单位确定，不超过14:30）。
考试时间以北京时间为准。
不在规定日期举行的硕士研究生招生考试，国家一律不予承认。
二、初试科目初试方式均为笔试。
12月21日上午思想政治理论、管理类联考综合能力12月21日下午外国语12月22日上午业务课一12月22日下午业务课二12月23日考试时间超过3小时的考试科目每科考试时间一般为3小时；建筑设计等特殊科目考试时间最长不超过6小时。
详细考试时间、考试科目及有关要求等请见《准考证》及考点和招生单位公告。
三、报名要求硕士研究生招生考试报名包括网上报名和现场确认两个阶段。
所有参加硕士研究生招生考试的考生均须进行网上报名，并到报考点现场确认网报信息、采集本人图像等相关电子信息，同时按规定缴纳报考费。
应届本科毕业生原则上应选择就读学校所在地省级教育招生考试机构指定的报考点办理网上报名和现场确认手续；单独考试考生应选择招生单位所在地省级教育招生考试机构指定的报考点办理网上报名和现场确认手续；其他考生（含工商管理、公共管理、旅游管理和工程管理等专业学位考生）应选择工作或户口所在地省级教育招生考试机构指定的报考点办理网上报名和现场确认手续。
网上报名技术服务工作由全国高等学校学生信息咨询与就业指导中心负责。
2020上海海关学院考研分数线
2020 上海海关学院考研分数线2015 年全国硕士研究生招生考试考生进入复试的初试成绩基本要求（学术学位类）.2015 年全国硕士研究生招生考试考生进入复试的初试成绩基本要求（专业学位类）备注：*A 类考生：报考地处一区招生单位的考生。
*B 类考生：报考地处二区招生单位的考生。
一区系北京、天津、河北、山西、辽宁、吉林、黑龙江、上海、江苏、浙江、安徽、福建、江西、山东、河南、湖北、湖南、广东、重庆、四川、陕西等21省（市）;二区系内蒙古、广西、海南、贵州、云南、西藏、甘肃、青海、宁夏、新疆等10省（区）。
*工学照顾专业:力学[0801] 、冶金工程[0806] 、动力工程及工程热物理[0807] 、水利工程[0815] 、地质资源与地质工程[0818] 、矿业工程[0819] 、船舶与海洋工程[0824] 、航空宇航科学与技术[0825] 、兵器科学与技术[0826] 、核科学与技术[0827] 、农业工程[0828] 。
* 中医类照顾专业：中医学[1005] 、中西医结合[1006] 。
*享受少数民族政策的考生：①报考地处二区招生单位，且毕业后在国务院公布的民族区域自治地方就业的少数民族普通高校应届本科毕业生考生; 或者②工作单位在国务院公布的民族区域自治地方，定向就业原单位的少数民族在职人员考生。
*工程照顾专业:冶金工程[085205] 动力工程[085206] 水利工程[085214] 地质工程[085217] 矿业工程[085218] 船舶与海洋工程[085223] 安全工程[085224] 兵器工程[085225] 核能与核技术工程[085226] 农业工程[085227] 林业工程[085228] 航空工程[085232] 航天工程[085233]*临床医学中医类照顾专业:中医内科学[105118] 中医外科学[105119] 中医骨伤科学[105120] 中医妇科学[105121] 中医儿科学[105122] 中医五官科学[105123] 针灸推拿学[105124] 民族医学（含藏医学、蒙医学等）[105125] 中西医结合临床[105126]近日，教育部公布《2015 年全国硕士研究生招生考试考生进入复试的初试成绩基本要求》，并要求各省、自治区、直辖市教育招生主管部门和研究生招生单位严格执行《2015 年全国硕士研究生招生工作管理规定》，切实做好复试录取工作，提高研究生招生选拔质量，同时加强规范管理，确保公平公正。
2020年英语(二)全国硕士研究生招生考试参考答案及解析
2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试（英语二）参考答案及解析Section Ⅰ Use of English【1】D. tricky解析：考察形容词，but一词前文提到大家都想成为好父母，但是，所以本句要选贬义词，排除BC，根据语义，因为孩子对不同的养育方式反映不同，所以定义好的父母是很难的，很棘手的，D正确，A单调的B.愉悦的C.有指导意义的【2】B. for example解析：考察句子间逻辑关系，上一句提到孩子们对同一种养育方式的反应是不同的，本句中指出一个冷静的、循规蹈矩的孩子可能会比弟弟妹妹对不同的教育方式有更好的反应，很明显是举例子，总分关系，for example最合适，D正确。
A. in addition此外，除了，递进关系，两句话之间不存在递进关系；C. at once. 马上，立刻，用来形容动词的速度之快，不符合原文；D. by accident，偶然意外，形容出乎意料，但是上文提到同样的信息，所以不是偶然意外。
【3】A.Fortunately解析：考察句子间逻辑关系，上文提到很难定义好父母，本句提到有一种是很容易描述的，形成转折关系，所以选择A.Fortunately B.【4】C. describe解析：考察动词，逻辑主语为另外一种父母，根据上文，只有D描述另外一种父母更容易符合上下文，【5】A. while解析：考察逻辑关系词，后一句提到这不是容易的事情，本句说每一个父母都想有耐心，形成转折关系，所以while尽管更合适。
【6】B. task解析：考察名词，this指代上文的有耐心的养育，这是一种任务，而不是一种回答，选择或者入口。
【7】A. tolerant解析：考察形容词，本段一直讲有耐心的养育，所以本句提到因为太累了，太沮丧，没有办法对孩子做到...，空处应该是要选择和有耐心类似的词语，只有A.tolerant有包容性的更贴切原文。
【8】C. push解析：考察动词，后文提到你失去了耐心，要么对孩子大喊大叫，要么说一些对任何人都没有好处的话，所以相应孩子应该是对你做了一些不好的事情，C推的更远，逼的更紧要更符合原文。
2020年管理类联考试题及答案解析(1)
绝密☆启用前2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类联考综合试题及答案解析（科目代码：199）考生注意事项1.答题前，考生须在试题册指定位置上填写考生姓名和考生编号；在答题卡指定位置上填写报考单位、考生姓名和考生编号，并涂写考生编号信息点。
2.考生须把试题册上的“试卷条形码”粘贴条取下，粘贴在答题卡的“试卷条形码粘贴位置”框中。
不按规定粘贴条形码而影响试卷结果的，责任由考生自负。
3.选择题的答案必须涂写在答题卡相应题号的选项上，非选择题的答案必须书写在答题纸指定位置的边框区域内。
超出答题区域写的答案无效；在草稿纸、试题册上答题无效。
4.填（书）写部分必须使用黑色字迹签字笔或者钢笔书写，字迹工整、笔迹清楚；涂写部分必须使用2B铅笔填涂。
5.考试结束，将答题卡和试题册按规定交回。
（以下信息考生必须认真填写）考生编号考生姓名2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试管理类联考综合试题一、问题求解：第1～15小题，每小题3分，共45分。
下列每题给出的A 、B 、C 、D 、E 五个选项中，只有一项是符合试题要求的。
请在答题卡．．．上将所选项的字母涂黑。
1.某产品去年涨价10%，今年涨价20%，则该产品这两年涨价().A.15%B.16%C.30%D.32%E.33%答案：D2.设{}{}|1,,B |2,A x x a x R x x b x R =-<∈=-<∈，则A B ⊂的充分必要条件是().A.1a b -≤B.1a b -≥C.1a b -<D.1a b ->E.=1a b -答案：A3.总成绩=甲成绩×30%+乙成绩×20%+丙成绩×50%。
考试通过，每部分≥50分，且总成绩≥60分。
已知某人甲成绩70分，乙成绩75分，且通过了这项考试，则此人丙成绩的分数至少是().A.48B.50C.55D.60E.62答案：B4.从1至10这10个整数中任取3个数，恰有一个质数的概率是().1A.23B.12C.512D.25E.1120答案：B5.等差数列{}n a 满足18a =，且241a a a +=，则{}n a 前n 项和的最大值为().A.16B.17C.18D.19E.20答案：E6.已知实数x 满足2213320x x x x +--+=，则331=x x +().A.12B.15C.18D.24E.27答案：C7.设实数,x y 满足222x y -+-≤，则22x y +的取值范围是（）.A.[]2,18B.[]2,20C.[]2,36D.[]4,18E.[]4,20答案：B8.某网店对单价为55元，75元，80元的三种商品进行促销，促销策略是每单满200元减m 元，如果每单减m 元后实际价格均不低于原价的8折，那么m 的最大值为（）.A.40B.41C.43D.44E.48答案：B9.某人在同一观众群体中调查了对5部电影的看法，得到如下数据：好：0.250.50.30.80.4坏：0.750.50.70.20.6据此数据，观众意见分歧最大的前两部电影依次是（）.A.一三B.二三C.二五D.四一E.四二答案：C10.如图，在∆ABC 中，30ABC ∠=︒，将线段AB 绕终点B 旋转至DB ，使60DBC ∠=︒，则ABC ∆∆与DBC 的面积之比为（）.A.1B.2C.2D.32E.3答案：E11.已知数列{}n a 满足.......)3.2.1(,2,11221=-===++n a a a a a n n n 且，则=100a （）A.1B.-1C.2D.-2E.0答案：B12.如图，圆O 的内接∆ABC 是等腰三角形，底边BC=6，顶角为4π，则圆0的面积为（）.A.12πB.16πC.18πD.32πE.36π答案：C13.两地相距1800m ，甲每分钟走100m ，乙每分钟走80m ，相向而行，则两人第三次相遇时，甲距其出发点（）A.600B.900C.1000D.1400E.1600答案：D14.节点A,B,C,D 两两相连，从一个节点沿线段到另一个节点当做一步，若机器人从节点A 出发，随机走了3步，则机器人未到达节点C 的概率为().A.49B.1127C.1027D.1927E.827答案：E15.若科室有4名男职员，2名女职员，若将这6名职员分为3组，每组2人，且女职员不同组().A.4B.6C.9D.12E.15答案：D二、条件充分性判断：第16～25小题，每小题3分，共30分.要求判断每题给出的条件(1)和条件(2)能否定充分支持提干所陈述的结论.A 、B 、C 、D 、E 五个选项为判断结果，请选择一项符合试题要求的判断，在答题卡上将所选项的字母涂黑.A.条件(1)充分，但条件(2)不充分．B.条件(2)充分，但条件(1)不充分．C.条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分，但条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来充分．D.条件(1)充分，条件(2)也充分．E.条件(1)和(2)单独都不充分，条件(1)和条件(2)联合起来也不充分．16.在ABC ∆中，60,2cB a∠=︒>则(1)90C ∠<︒(2)90C ∠>︒答案：B17.2222x y x y +=+上的点到0ax by ++=的距离最小值大于1(1)221a b +=(2)0,0a b >>答案：C18.若,,a b c 是实数，则能确定,,a b c 的最大值(1)已知,,a b c 的平均值(2)已知,,a b c 的最小值答案：C19.某商家有手机20部，从中任选2部，则恰有1部甲的概率为12P >(1)甲手机不少于8部(2)乙手机大于7部答案：C20.共有n 辆车，则能确定人数(1)若每辆20个座位，1车未满(2)若每辆12个座位，则少10个座位答案：E21.则能确定长方体的体对角线(1)已知长方体一个顶点的三个面的面积(2)已知长方体一个顶点的三个面的面对角线答案：D22.已知甲，乙，丙三人共捐款3500元，则能确定每人的捐款金额(1)三人的捐款金额各不相同(2)三人的捐款金额都是500的倍数答案：E23.设函数)4)(1()(--=x ax x f ，则在X=4左侧附近有0)(≤x f (1)41>a (2)4<a 答案：A24.设,a b 是正实数，则11a b+存在最小值(1)已知ab 的值(2)已知,a b 是方程()220x a b x -++=的不同实根答案：Da b c d25.设,,,+=+(1)a d b c=(2)ad bc答案：A三、逻辑推理：第26~55小题，每小题2分，共60分。
2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语(二)试题及答案
2020年全国硕士研究生入学统一考试英语（二）试题及答案Section I Use of EnglishDirections：Read the following text Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on the ANSWER SHEET. (10 points) Being a good parent is what every parent would like to be. But defining what it means to be a good parent is undoubtedly very 1 , particularly since children respond differently to the same style of parenting. A calm, rule-following child might respond better to a different sort of parenting than, 2 , a younger one.3 , there's another sort of parent that's easier to4 ; a parent. Children of every age benefit from patient parenting. Still ,5 , every parent would like to be patient, this is no easy6 , sometimes, parents get exhausted and arc unable to maintain a7 style with their kids. I understand this.You're only human, and sometimes your kids can 8 you just a little too far. And then the 9 happens: You lose your patience and either scream at your kids or say something that was too 10 and does nobody any good. You wish that you could 11 the clock and start over. We've all been there.12 , even though it's common, it's vital to keep in mind that in a single moment of fatigue, you can say something to your child that you may 13 for a long time. This may not only do damage to your relationship with your child but also 14 your child's self-esteem.If you consistently lose your 15 with your kids, then you are modeling a lack of emotional control for your kids. We are all becoming increasingly aware of the 16 of modeling patience for the younger generation. This is a skill that will help them all throughout life. In fact, the ability to maintain emotional control when 17 by stress is one of the most significant of all life’s skills. Certainly, it's 18 to maintain patience at all times with your kids. A more practical goal is to try to be as calm as you can when faced with 19 situations involving your children. I can promise you this: As a result of working toward this goal, you and your children will benefit and 20 from stressful moments feeling better physically and emotionally.l.[A] pleasant(B] tricky[C] tedious[D] instructive2. [A] at once[B] in addition[C] for example[D] by accident3. [A] Fortunately[B] Occasionally[C] Accordingly(D) Eventually4. [A] amuse[B] train[C] assist[D] describe5. (A] once(B] because[C] unless(D] while6. [A] choice[B] answer[C] task(D] access7. [A] formal[B] tolerant[C] rigid[D] critical8. [A] move[B] send[C] drag[D] push9.(A] inevitable[B] illogical[C] mysterious[D] suspicious10.[A] boring[B] harsh[C] naive[D] vague11.[A] turn back[B] take apart[C] set aside[D] cover up12.[A] Overall[B] Instead[C] otherwise[D] However13.[A] believe[B] regret(C] miss[D] like14. [A] justify[B] raise[C] affect[D] reflect15.[A]bond[B]time[C]race[D]cool16.[A]nature[B] secret[C]context[D] importance17. [A] confronted[B]defeated[C]cheated[D] confused18. [A] strange[B]terrible[C]hard[D] wrong19.[A] exciting[B]trying[C]Surprising[D] changing20. [A] withdraw[B]hide[C]emerge[D] escape【完型填空答案解析】今年完形填空的难度系数很小，基本无生词，长难句也很少。
上海海关学院2020年专业学位硕士研究生招生复试方案(MT)
上海海关学院2020年专业学位硕士研究生招生复试方案（税务）本次复试内容包括外语听说能力、专业素养、综合素质等。
对以同等学力身份（以报名时为准）报考的考生，复试时，加试至少两门与报考专业相关的本科主干课程，加试科目不得与初试科目相同，加试方式为笔试。
（一）笔试：税收综合知识。
因今年新冠肺炎疫情，复试时将专业课笔试内容以线上面试形式进行考查。
（二）综合面试：经济学、税务专业知识、英语口语能力等。
通过学校统一平台开展线上面试。
综合面试由复试小组组织线上面试和背景素质评估，每位考生的线上面试时间一般不少于30分钟。
线上考核内容一般包括以下基本方面：1. 考生对本学科（专业）理论知识和应用技能的掌握程度，利用所学理论发现、分析和解决问题的能力，对本学科发展动态的了解以及在本专业领域发展的潜力。
复试参考书目如下：2. 逻辑思维与语言表达能力；3. 创新精神和研究能力；4. 思想品德与人文素养，举止、表达和礼仪等；5. 外语听说能力。
每位考生听说面试时间不少于5分钟。
背景素质评估内容主要包括：1. 大学阶段学习情况及成绩；2. 本学科（专业）以外的学习、科研、社会实践（学生工作、社团活动、志愿服务等）或实际工作表现等方面的情况；3. 参加学科竞赛等第二课堂活动获奖项情况。
（三）复试成绩的确定与使用1. 复试成绩计算方法复试总成绩（满分200分）=专业综合面试成绩（满分170分，其中含并入线上面试考核的笔试成绩100分，含英语听说测试20分）+背景素质评估成绩（满分30分）。
复试总成绩低于120分（即满分的60%）视为复试不合格，不予录取。
同等学力考生的加试科目成绩（每门满分为100分）不计入复试成绩，但其中任何一门考试成绩低于60分的即视为复试不合格，不予录取。
2. 录取总成绩的计算方法录取总成绩=（初试总成绩÷5）×60% +（复试总成绩÷2）×40%3. 拟录取名单产生办法按录取总成绩高分到低分排名产生拟录取名单，报学校研究生招生工作领导小组审核，按相关程序录取。
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上海海关学院2020年全国硕士研究生招生考试
初试自命题科目《税务专业基础》考试大纲
一、考试性质
《税务专业基础》是全国税务专业硕士入学初试考试的专业基础课程。
二、考试目标
本考试大纲的制定力求反映税务硕士专业学位的特点，科学、准确、规范地测评考生税收学的基本素质和综合能力，具体考察考生对税收基础理论、中国税制实务与税收管理制度的掌握与运用，为国家培养具有良好职业道德和职业素养、具有较强分析问题与解决问题能力的高层次、应用型、复合型的税务专业人才。
本考试旨在三个层次上测试考生对税收学原理、中国税制实务、中国税收管理制度等知识掌握的程度和运用能力，以及税收前沿与热点问题分析。
三个层次的基本要求分别为：
1、熟悉记忆：对税收理论与制度规定的记忆方面的考核；
2、分析判断：用税收基本理论与制度规定来分析判断某一具体观点和问题；
3、综合运用：运用所学的税收理论和制度规定来综合分析具体实践问题。
三、考试形式和试卷结构
1、试卷满分及考试时间
本试卷满分为150分，考试时间为180分钟。
2、答题方式
答题方式为闭卷、笔试。
试卷由试题和答题纸组成。
所有答案必须写在答题纸相应的位置上，否则答案无效。
考生不得携带计算器。
3、试卷结构
（1）税收学原理考核的比例为40%，分值为60分；
（2）中国税制实务考核的比例为40%，分值为60分；
（3）中国税收征管制度考核的比例为20%，分值为30分。
4、考试题型
（1）单项选择题20题，每小题1分，共20分；
（2）多项选择题10题，每题2分，共20分；
（3）辨析题4题，每小题5分，共20分；
（4）计算题2题，每小题10分，共20分；
（5）综合分析题（案例分析题）2题，每小题15分，共30分；
（6）论述题2题，每小题20分，共40分。
四、考试内容
（一）税收学原理
1、税收的起源与发展
国家、财政与税收的产生；我国税收的起源与发展；西方税收的起源与发展。
2、税收的涵义
国家的公共权力与税收；税收与剩余产品价值；税收的本质；税收的特征。
3、税收原则
税收的公平原则；税收的效率原则；税收的财政原则。
4、税收负担及其转嫁与归宿
宏观税负与微观税负；影响税收负担的因素；税负转嫁与归宿的概念、方式；税负转嫁与归宿的局部均衡分析；税负转嫁与归宿的一般均衡分析；税收增长与经济增长的相关性分析。
5、税收效应
税收效应的概念和分类；税收的微观效应；税收的宏观效应。
6、税制结构分析与比较
税制结构的概念；税制结构的分类及特点分析；税制结构的决定因素；世界各国的税制结构格局分析。
7、中央与地方的税收关系
正确处理中央与地方税收关系的一般原则；税收立法权和管理权的划分；税种的划分、税收管理机构的设置。
8、国际税收
税收管辖权与国际税收协定；居民身份确认规则；非居民各项所得的征税权分配规则；避免双重征税的办法及外国税收抵免制度；国际逃避税及其防范措施。
9、税收政策
税收政策的概念和分类、税收政策的手段、税收政策的效果以及制订税收政策要考虑的主要因素等。
（二）中国税制实务
1、税制要素及税收分类
纳税义务人；征税对象；税率；纳税环节和纳税期限；税收优惠；税收分类方法及其类别。
2、流转税基本理论及制度规定
增值税基本理论及制度规定；消费税基本理论及制度规定；关税基本理论及制度规定等。
3、所得税基本理论及制度规定
企业所得税基本理论及制度规定，个人所得税基本理论及制度规定。
4．财产行为税制度的基本内容。
（三）中国税收征管制度
1、税收征管概论
税收征管的概念、目的与原则，税收征管制度的特点等。
2、税收征管制度
税务管理制度，税款征收制度，税务稽查制度；税务行政处罚与税收刑法制度，税务争议处理制度等。
3、纳税服务
纳税人权利保护；纳税服务机构设置，纳税服务的内容等。
五、相关法律、法规、制度的截止期限
试题所涉及的相关法律、法规、制度等均指截止本年度10月1日之前由相关立法机关和政府部门颁布而且有效的法律、法规、制度等。
上海海关学院
2019年11月。