秦秀白 大学英语c 课后翻译
大学英语4 the acy defender 课文翻译
They say that pride comes before a fall. In the case of both Napoleon and Hitler, the many victories they enjoyed led them to believe that anything was possible, th at nothing could stand in their way. Russia's icy defender was to prove them wron g.人道是骄兵必败。
就拿拿破仑和希特勒两人来说吧，他们所向披靡，便以为自己战无不胜，不可阻挡。
但俄罗斯的冰雪卫士证明他们错了。
The Icy DefenderNila B. Smith1 In 1812, Napoleon Bonaparte, Emperor of the French, led his Grand Army in to Russia. He was prepared for the fierce resistance of the Russian people defendi ng their homeland. He was prepared for the long march across Russian soil to Mo scow, the capital city. But he was not prepared for the devastating enemy that met him in Moscow -- the raw, bitter, bleak Russian winter.冰雪卫士奈拉·B·史密斯1812年，法国皇帝拿破仑·波拿巴率大军入侵俄罗斯。
他准备好俄罗斯人民会为保卫祖国而奋勇抵抗。
他准备好在俄罗斯广袤的国土上要经过长途跋涉才能进军首都莫斯科。
秦秀白《新世纪大学英语综合教程(4)》学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】(Unit
Unit7一、词汇短语Text Astrip[]n.窄条，条纹；带v.剥，剥去；剥光例句①England are playing in the blue and white strip.赛场上，英格兰队穿着蓝白色条纹的运动衣在打比赛。
②The doctor told me to strip down to my shorts.医生让我脱得只剩一条短裤。
词组strip sb.of sth.剥夺某人的（财产﹑荣誉等）deprive[]vt.使丧失，剥夺例句The court ruling deprived us of any share in the inheritance.法庭裁决剥夺了我们全部的继承权。
词组deprive sb.of…剥夺某人的…，使某人丧失…；免去某人（职务）助记dep―深的（deep）的近似拼写；rive―河（river）的近似拼写。
记忆：这条很深的河夺去了她的生命。
派生deprivation n.剥夺；损失；免职curtail[]vt.缩减；剪短；剥夺…特权等例句The new government plans to curtail big government construction projects,a hallmark of the LDP.新政府计划减少大型政府建设工程，而这恰恰是自民党的特点。
suburban[]adj.郊区的，城郊的；土气的；见闻不广的n.郊区居民例句It travels on rails down a suburban road,and the cars travel underneath it.它会沿着郊区的路上轨道行驶，车辆可以在它下面穿行。
birch[]n.桦木；桦树；桦条clutter[]n.杂乱，混乱vt.使凌乱；胡乱地填满cosmetic[]adj.美容的；化妆用的n.化妆品；装饰品wardrobe[]n.衣柜，衣厨；行头，剧装，例句The red dress hung in her wardrobe.那件红裙子挂在她的衣柜里。
C-E翻译教程
Translation Theory & Practice (2) Course No. 1400142 Lecturer: Wang Xiao-nongAn Introductory Course of C-E Translation for Advanced EFL StudentsThis course is a mind-opener for beginners in learning Chinese-English translation. Amen!C-E translation, an inverse direction to us:We translate out of our mother tongue, our habitually used language, into the target language, English, a foreign language to us.Significance of learning C-E translation well: macro and micro◇To guide you in performing C—E translation according to the general principles and specific requirements;◇To equip you with the essential strategies and skills for translating Chinese sentences and texts into English.◇To help you acquire a clear and adequate understanding of the English syntax and communicative rhetoric;◇To introduce to you the common ground and differences between English and Chinese in sentence-making;☆The fourfold goal of the course:The course is designed:I. Introduction to C-E translation---As the most important subject for developingyour ability to use English---The target language & the target readers---Consultation to various information sourcesII.1. Basic conceptOurs: C-E translation is typically a process of the translator (s) expressing accurately in the English language the meaning, message, or function of the Chinese original as s/he comprehends, first in terms of substance and secondly in terms of structure and style.E. Nida’s Definition of translatio n (remember?)2. Translation unit: the sentence vs. the text?The text: the ideal and theoretical translation unit.The sentence: the performing unit, for it is semantically an effective unit of information / meaning, pragmatically a unit of message and communication, and cognitively a unit of attentionThe sentence as unit interacts with the text as unit.The approach based on the sentence as the practical unit of operation and analysis under the textual translation framework (remember?):Syntactic approach + Inter-sentence cohesion + Global finishing polish3. Basic procedureIn practice, the translator moves back and forth from the original to the target text, trying to reinterpret or enrich his comprehension of the original and then construct the target text until, as he sees, he has found a satisfactory version in the target language.From reading to translating is a process of reincarnation or transfiguration.For convenience of analysis, we make a distinction of comprehension and expression.[1] Understand thoroughly the contextualized words, and ona word-by-word basis, the phrases, clauses, and sentences in the original on the semantic, syntactic, pragmatic, and functional levelImmediate relevant are such factors as(1)他的英语水平比我高。
秦秀白《新世纪大学英语综合教程(4)》(全文翻译 Unit 5)【圣才出品】
三、全文翻译Text A声誉梅尔文·霍华兹1声誉极像一个追逐自己尾巴的动物，抓住了以后除继续穷追不舍外，再也不知道还能做什么。
声誉以及随之而来的名气迫使名人陷入穷途末路。
真有点讽刺意味，不是吗？2名人有名多因有一技之长，如唱歌、跳舞、绘画、写作等等。
成功的表演者展示出一种风格，获得声誉。
而且这种声誉常常使这位表演者确信，必须把这种风格发扬光大，因为这就是大众所需要和喜爱的。
可是随着时间的推移，如果歌手年复一年地用老调唱老歌，画师画千篇一律的风景或画像，演员反复饰演同一角色，他们势必都会感到厌烦。
由于公众的要求，艺人竟变成了自己功名的奴隶。
倘若他或她想改变笔调、舞步、唱腔的话，大众就会弃他而去，转而把那飘忽不定的声誉赐予他人，一段时间后再转给他人，这样不停地转下去。
3一个人有了名誉，就有了名气，就能赢得忠实的追捧者的高度关注，在任何领域都是这样。
一个表演者很容易相信，自己的成就当真和新闻报道的一样大。
可是大多数人、大多数艺人并没有得到美誉和财富。
那些失败的表演者又如何呢？其他任何一个失败者又会如何呢？奇怪的是，对许多人而言，失败往往就是对失败的回报！有些人对你表示怜悯，他们庆幸自己不是你。
你的亲朋好友也会降低对你的期望，使你不必去和那些比你有天赋并获得成功的人较量。
他们会找出种种借口来解释你不能功成名就的原因：你太敏感了呀；你对金钱没有兴趣呀；你对声誉所能带来的权利不感兴趣呀；因为声望要使你丧失隐私，所以你不感兴趣呀；等等。
所有这些都是借口，但对失败者或假装不在意自己失败的人来说，却是安慰。
4历史充分证明，有些人在一生的某个时刻遭遇失败，的确能激发他们更加努力地追求成功，继续对自己充满信心。
美国小说家托马斯·沃尔夫的第一部小说《安琪儿，往家里看吧！》被退稿39次才得以出版，才使他开始了他的写作生涯并赢得了声誉。
贝多芬不屈服于他残暴、专横的父亲，还忍气吞声当过乐师，但终于克服一切，成为世界上最伟大、最著名的音乐家。
秦秀白《新世纪大学英语综合教程(4)》(课文精解 Unit 3)【圣才出品】
二、课文精解Text A1.You might think,then,that after all this time I'd have some grasp of the situation, that I'd actually know things—that I'd have some positive sense of assurance,of certainty,about knowledge and about life.于是，你或许会认为，经过这么长一段时间，我应该了解一些情况，确实知道一些东西，对知识和对生活该会积极地予以把握和肯定了。
句子的主干为:You might think that…,that…,that…；think后接三个that引导的宾话从句；在三个宾语从句中，谓语均为I’d，是I would的缩略形式，与主句中的you might think均表示主观推测。
破折号后第三个that语从句是对第二个宾语从句的解释说明。
grasp在句中为名词，意为“理解；掌握”，相关搭配有：①in one’s grasp掌握；控制。
例：The people in your grasp are not guests,they are hostages.你所控制的这些人不是客人，而是人质。
②a grasp of理解；掌握。
例：They have a good grasp of foreign languages.他们外语掌握得很好。
③within one’s grasp为…所能实现；为…所能及。
例：Peace is now within our grasp.现在和平在望。
assurance与certainty均有“确定”之意，区别：assurance侧重依靠个人力量、本能、方法或对其他人或事的完全信任，强调有信心。
certainty指在客观上和主观上都无一丝一毫的怀疑。
新世纪大学英语第二版综合教程一课文译文主编秦秀白-蒋静仪
新世纪大学英语第二版综合教程一课文译文主编秦秀白-蒋静仪优等生的秘诀1 一位研究教育的老师针对成绩优异的学生做过重点研究，发现最聪明的学生不见得总能得高分。
根据这位教授、其他教育专家以及优等生们自己的观点，懂得如何充分发挥自己的潜能对于学生来说更为重要。
2 在班上名列前茅的学生之所以学习优秀，是因为他们掌握了几个人人都可以轻易学到的基本原则。
首先，优等生知道如何决定轻重缓急。
他们从来不会为了打电话、看电视或者吃零食而牺牲学习时间。
换言之，学习总是摆在娱乐之前。
另外，优等生们总是注意随时随地学习。
有位成绩优异的学生同时也是优秀的运动员，每天利用户外训练时间背生物学术语。
而另一位学生则利用每天早上刷牙时间记一个新单词。
所有受访的学生无一例外都认为，在什么时间学习完全是个人偏好问题。
有些人在夜深人静时学习效果最好，有些人则喜欢趁着自己还能清晰地记得上课所讲的内容，一放学回家就开始学习。
尽管如此，所有优等生都一致认为，如果想任何时候都表现优秀，一个主要的因素就是要持之以恒。
3 学生还必须学会有条理。
举个例子，有一位优等生在学校乐队、田径队、橄榄球协会和辩论小组里都很活跃。
他透露，他之所以把东西放得井井有条是因为他浪费不起到处找东西的时间。
还有一位学生喜欢把当天的笔记马上整理出来并放进用不同颜色标记的文件夹里，以便临近考试时能随时用来复习。
优等生们提倡的另一个技巧是有效的阅读，其中包括快速阅读，提高记忆能力以及主动提出问题以便充分理解作者的意思。
4 对于学生们来说，合理安排时间也同样重要。
他们必须懂得如何根据每天的时间表和学习能力来安排做作业和项目的速度，不至于让手头的工作压得喘不过气。
能制定时间表不仅让学生能够腾出更多时间来复习和完善功课，而且还能防止他们拖拖拉拉。
成绩优异的学生认为，他们成功的一大秘诀就是上课时做好笔记，供复习时使用。
有个学生透露，她把从课文上摘抄的内容记在笔记本的一边，把课堂笔记写在另一边。
新世纪大学英语第二版综合教程一英语课后翻译主编秦秀白蒋静仪
新世纪大学英语第二版综合教程一英语课后翻译主编秦秀白蒋静仪文档编制序号：[KKIDT-LLE0828-LLETD298-POI08]Translation in Unit1(1)法官要求记者不要公开受害人的姓名。
（disclose）The judge asked the reporters not to disclose the name of the victim.(2)老师费尽苦心务必使我们全都理解他的话，（take pains to do sth）The teacher took pains to make sure that we all understood what he said.(3)最近学校在学业优秀的学生中进行了一项调查。
（conduct， attain）Recently the school conducted a survey among those students who have attained academic excellence.(4)他说他要接受这份工作，我们要求他写封信证实。
（confirm）He said he would accept the job, so we have asked him to confirm his acceptance by writing usa letter.(5)乔治学习很努力，他要尽量利用学习的机会。
（make the most of）George studies very hard. He wants to make the most of his chance to learn.(6)我们不能去。
第一，天气太冷。
另外，我们正忙着。
（to begin with）We can’t go. To begin with, it’s too cold. Besides, we’re busy.(7)该是有人公开讲清楚这些基本事实的时候了。
2012-13 C-E TranslationAssignments
C-E Translation Assignments做自己那一份家事为条件，把吃不了的分一些给大的。
这确实是一个典型的美国家庭，说它典型，不是说它拥有的财产(这个家庭显然要比许多其他美国家庭富有)，而是说它的价值观。
2、内蒙古自治区幅员辽阔，面积118万平方公里，人口2400万。
在这片广袤而神奇的土地上，聚居着蒙古族、汉族、回族、满族、达翰尔、鄂温克、鄂伦春等民族，各族人民团结奋进，创造和发展了具有浓郁民族风格、地域特色的民族文化艺术。
以长调、呼麦、马头琴等为代表的蒙古族音乐，以乌力格尔、好来宝等为代表的蒙古族曲艺，以安代舞、筷子舞、盅碗舞等为代表的蒙古族舞蹈源远流长，驰名中外；达翰尔族、鄂温克族、鄂伦春族等民族歌舞保持了原生态特色，绚丽多姿，光彩四溢；二人台、二人转、漫瀚调、爬山调等地方小戏、山曲等更散发着浓郁的乡土气息，别有韵味。
特别是改革开放三十年和国家西部大开发以来内蒙古的经济的快速发展，更为内蒙古民族文化事业插上了腾飞的翅膀，涌现出一批优秀的演艺人才和精品剧目。
为了使更多的优秀艺术作品走向全国、走向世界，让更多的人分享和感受内蒙古独特的民族艺术魅力，促进国际艺术交流和合作，内蒙古演出服务中心将为此而努力。
内蒙古演出服务中心是自治区文化厅直属国有文化事业单位，是国家一类（A级）演出经纪机构，是自治区唯一有权直接承办和引进港、澳、台地区及国外演出团体和个人演出活动的专业机构。
在对外文化交流方面，先后率内蒙古杂技团、自治区直属乌兰牧骑、鄂尔多斯市歌舞团等文艺团体，赴区外和国外演出；并与法国、俄罗斯、日本、前南斯拉夫、纳米比亚、斯洛伐克、亚美尼亚、马来西亚、印尼、哈萨克斯坦、埃及、朝鲜、蒙古等国家和地区进行了广泛的文化艺术合作与交流。
先后引进了中央芭蕾舞团的大型芭蕾舞剧《红色娘子军》，湖北歌剧舞剧院二十世纪经典民族舞剧《洪湖赤卫队》，张艺谋执导的芭蕾舞剧《大红灯笼高高挂》，陈佩斯主演的话剧《阳台》，山西省精品剧目《立秋》、《走西口》和张继刚为其执导的大型说唱剧《解放》及舞剧《一把酸枣》，刘德华全球个人演唱会，总政歌舞团的大型交响合唱音乐会《东方红》，爱尔兰踢踏舞团的踢踏舞剧《爱尔兰旋风》，法国天堂歌舞团经典舞剧《巴portion,old or young.In addition,each boy was assigned a job:mowing the lawn, cleaning the swimming pool,cleaning the kitchen,and cleaning the toilet.Among the four children,the older ones did not have enough to eat and the younger ones had too much.When the older ones demanded food from the younger ones,the young ones would only agree to share if the older ones helped them with their housework.This is a typical American family.It is typical not because of its assets—this family was obviously much richer than others—but because of the values it encourages.黎之夜》，朝鲜万寿台艺术团的《红楼梦》等多个国内外优秀剧目来我区进行了商业演出，取得了良好的经济效益和社会效益。
大学英语4 秦秀白版 cloze和翻译
第一章clozerealmelementalobtainstubbornlytransferredtransformedsubduedexpansionirreplaceableextinctdynamicvergemoderateecologicalrational翻译：1. The village is so close to the border that the villagers live in constant fear ofattacks from the enemy.2. In only twenty years the country was transformed into an advancedindustrial power.3. This company has evolved into one of the major chemical manufacturingbases in this region.4. Given the current financial situation, it is inevitable that the US dollar will befurther devalued.5. The government's call for suggestions about the control of water pollutionproduced very little response from the citizens.6. The weather showed no signs of getting better so the government calledupon us to get prepared for floods.7. At one time scientists thought that there was nothing smaller than an atombut now most people know that an atom consists of even smaller particles.8. The students were all very much concerned about the World Cup, spendingat least two hours every day watching the live matches on TV.9. The department store lost out because loans were very hard to come by andit could not start business on time.10. We can't go there for a walk because there is a navy base there, which isoff limits to tourists.第二章clozeemphasizeOppositeimprovedluxuriesbenefitedobviouslyconsciouslyfractureseternalgroundbreakingentitledcorrelationdependsexclusively翻译：1. He really knows a lot about theory, but when it comes to actual work, heseems to be quite ignorant.2. The latest survey shows / showed that the majority of the citizens support/ supported the government's plan to build a new library.3. The two countries could reach agreement successfully on scientific andtechnological cooperation because several factors favorable to their cooperation had been at work.4. I saw the film when I was in the primary school, but the title just won'tcome to mind for the moment.5. He has been stuck with heavy debt though he works about twelve hoursevery day on average.6. Is it necessary to know his height? To me, it is irrelevant to whether hecan be a good lawyer or not.7. The cupboard is built into the wall so that it both saves space and isconvenient to use.8. These workers earn more than we do, but the other side of the coin is thattheir job is more dangerous.9. Helen majors in economics at the university and at the same time shestudies philosophy as her second major.10. What is most important is that you must find out and solve the problemsby yourselves. It makes no difference whether I go there or not.第三章clozetopiccreatesreallygraspsureoppositecontradictoryrealityphysicalrigidityindividualhumilityrainbowfalsehood翻译：1. Most people strongly believe that the court will no doubt punish the bank robbers severely.2. The medical workers overcame one difficulty after another in their long-term quest for a cure for the disease.3. Acting on the information they received, the police closed off the streets and caught the bank robbers.4. We were amazed at learning that the newly-built TV factory can produce 500,000 TV sets in the first year.5. The government is looking into the causes of so many layoffs and is trying to help the laid-off workers to be re-employed.6. To expand the sales of its product, the company has taken up various measures to open up new markets and to improve its services.7. He has neglected his studies to such an extent that I am afraid it is impossible for him to catch up with the other students in a month.8. The fireworks factory was closed last month for failing to comply with the government safety regulations.9. It remains to be seen whether our football team can beat its opponent.10. Mr. Smith predicted that the recent oil discoveries, together with the use / employment of new technologies, would lead to a decline in the price of crude oil.第四章clozephysicalcompellednecessitysupportmentalidealizestatusvaluesclassifiedessentialmindattitudefortunate翻译：1. As more and more details of her private life were disclosed by the media, she was compelled to resign her post as general manager (or: resign as general manager / resign from the post of general manager) of the company.2. She is very satisfied with her new job as it coincides with her interests.3. I bought this shirt because the price was reduced from 300 yuan to 80 yuan.4. To bring her children up, the mother really went through all kinds of hardships.5. The police have ruled out murder in the case of the old lady's death.6. The municipality (municipal government) promised to take effective steps as soon as possible to solve the problems of air pollution.7. I did not go in for the Campus Tennis Championships held last month because of my injured leg.8. If you can get the support of the majority of the girls, you stand a good chance of winning the election and becoming Chairman of the Students Union.9. Not all the books he wrote were as successful as this one so I recommend that you borrow it from the library and read it.10. At the 2004 Athens Olympic Games Liu Xiang won the championship of the men's 110-meter hurdle and broke the world record, which had been previously held by an American athlete.第五章clozechasereputationdedicaterewardsufficientlymeasuredassureMomentarycelebritytargetfranklibertyillusoryregard翻译：1. He attempted to save the enterprise which was on the verge of collapse but failed.2. The president has announced that he will not seek re-election at the end of his first term.3. The young teacher is skilled at motivating his students to study hard.4. She loves giving parties and does so whenever she can find an excuse.5. I’m afraid that you’ll have to compete with at least fifty people for an administrative post in this company.6. To be frank, I don’t think you stand a good chance of getting promoted even if you are loyal to the company.7. It was obvious that his speech aroused the sympathy of the audience for the victims of the earthquake.8. Though he has repeatedly assured me of his ability to promote our company’s products, I’ll give him another interview before hiring him. 9. The company’s investment ended in failure due to the wrong strategic decisions of the general manager and so the board of directors decided to throw him out.10. I know you are tired but try to hang on a little bit longer. We will reach the peak in half an hour.第六章clozewithersensefaithfulcommitaspirationsgratitudedawnsaccumulatednourishmentpreoccupiedflowerstenderedweaveelevate翻译1. The ambassador to the U.N. was invested with full authority to deal with all the foreign affairs concerning his country on behalf of his government.2. All the way on the train I had been preoccupied with the result of the term examination until the conductor reminded me of the arrival of my destination.3. Although her husband's name did not appear on the list of the people who got killed in the traffic accident, she kept walking to and fro, anxious to see him back home sooner.4. I was setting out to translate the contract into English when it dawned upon me that both parties involved were Chinese companies.5. At the party, people sang and danced with abandon, totally forgetting the troubles in their lives.6. With the great aspirations to become an astronaut, Jackson committed himself to the 2-year strenuous constitution training.7. His paintings, drawing on timeless fairy stories, exemplified the Europeans' taste of that period.8. The bus driver didn't want to take any responsibility for the accident and so he took every means to put the blame on the passengers on board.9. He not only risked his own life to save the old man from the burning house but made some room in his own house for him to settle down.10. From childhood, she tried to live by the teachings of her parents and gradually accumulated a set of standards of conduct.第七章clozeluxuriesfrugaltradingcurtailsplendidhobbiesimpulsebarewastefuldenydeprivationmaintainresolveconsumption翻译：1. She is a very capable housewife but she likes to purchase things on impulse. Her kitchen cabinets are always full of clutter that will eventually be discarded.2. University students should have the resolve to live a frugal lifestyle and should not try to keep up with the Joneses or follow trends and fads. They should know that only when you mind the pennies will the dollars take care of themselves.3. The couple are high-ranking executives of big companies. They eat out at least five days a week due to the lack of time for home cooking.4. The two signatures appear all of a piece. Even experienced experts may find it difficult to identify any difference between them.5. The editor of the journal cut out all the pictures attached to the article because the length of the article was restricted to only two pages.6. As a member of the standing committee, he has been tackling unemployment and traffic problems during the past three years.7. The old man made a will before his death, giving away all his savings to our school as scholarships, a decision sanctioned by his children.8. The doctor assured his patient that if he took the medicine three timesa day for three months without interruption, he would recover from the illness for good.9. Only when I looked back on my past experiences did I realize that my four-year period at university was the most care-free time in my life. 10. If we want to excel others in technological innovation, we must keep track of all the new ideas and developments in the field of science and technology.第八章clozedisasterssuredhastenedgentlyafflictedtenderparalyzedabandonmentsubtlepossessperceptionprocessionimposetravel-stained翻译：1. Fearing that she couldn't stand the blow, the police broke to the old woman as gently as possible the news of her son's death in the air crash.2. Investigations revealed that the road accident was caused solely by the driver who drove against traffic regulations.3. He is as mean as Shylock. When it comes to money, all the promises he's made to his friends count for nothing.4. Since last year, the company has been unable to sell its products, but it was the recent unsuccessful foreign trade deal that hastened its bankruptcy.5. He booked his ticket half a month in advance to assure himself of going back home on time to spend the Spring Festival with his family.6. At first, she had some worries about telling the truth. However, at length, she spoke out the secret that she had kept in her heart for several years.7. Helen tried to control her mood, but her trembling hands betrayed her nervousness.8. Annie was awarded a scholarship at school. When she told her parents the good news, she could not conceal her eagerness for praise from them though she claimed that it was nothing special at all.9. The leader of the rescue team told me under his breath that he had little hope of finding more survivors from the mine accident.10. In the early days of World War II, the German submarines ran riot in the Atlantic Ocean. However, when radar was invented in Britain, the Germans began to suffer heavy losses.。
秦秀白《新世纪大学英语综合教程(1)》学习指南-Unit 1(圣才出品)
Unit 1一、词汇短语※Text Aacquaint [] vt. （with）使认识，使了解，使熟悉例句Please acquaint him with my arrival. 请通知他我到了。
词组acquaint with 熟悉；使认识，使了解be acquainted with 知道，相识acquaint oneself with 熟悉，通晓，摸清助记ac（一再）+quaint（奇怪的）→一再见到古怪的事→见怪不怪了自然就熟悉了派生acquaintance n.熟人；相识；了解；知道humanity [] n. 人性，人类，人情；博爱，仁慈；人文科学例句This new discovery will contribute to all humanity. 这个新发现将对全人类作出贡献。
助记human（人）+（n）ity（谐音：泥土）→上帝用泥土造人，所以人性具有泥土的温和。
zoom [] n. 急速上升，陡直上升；（价格、费用等）猛增；嗡嗡声vi. （飞机）陡升例句A red signal light zoomed to the sky. 一枚红色信号腾空而起。
词组zoom in放大reference [] n. 提及；参考（书目）；证明书（人）；介绍信；参考书目v. 引用例句My careful writing results from many references to a dictionary. 我文思缜密是因为我经常查字典。
词组by reference to参照with reference to关于，就…而论in reference to 关于expert [] n. 专家，能手adj. 熟练的，内行的，有经验的；专门的vt. 当专家；在…中当行家例句All the young men are expert drivers. 所有这些年轻人都是驾驶能手。
词组expert in/at 熟于；在…方面是行家助记excerpt（n.& vt.摘录）只有专家才能干的事。
秦秀白《新世纪大学英语综合教程(3)》【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】(Unit 5)【圣
Unit5一、词汇短语※Text Acyberspace[]n.虚拟信息空间；网络空间例句The laws of libel，privacy，and copyright still apply in cyberspace.关于诽谤，隐私和版权的法律也适用于网络空间。
peculiarly[]adv.特有地，特别地例句Hunting foxes is a peculiarly English sport.猎狐是英国人特有的运动。
counsel[]n.讨论，商议；辩护律师vt.劝告，忠告；建议例句I listened to an old man’s counsel.我听从了一个老人的劝告。
派生counselor n.顾问；法律顾问；参事（等于counsellor）counselling n.辅导；建议keyboard[]n.键盘vt.用键盘输入（信息）例句What do you think of the keyboard on this laptop?你觉得这种笔记本电脑的键盘怎么样？flunk[]n.失败，不及格vi.失败；放弃；考试不及格vt.使…不及格例句Several students have been flunked out.有几名学生因考试不及格而被迫退学。
词组flunk in an examination考试不及格virtual[]adj.虚拟的；实际上的，实质的例句She is the virtual president，though her title is secretary.虽然她的头衔是秘书，她是实际上的董事长。
decline[]n.下降；衰退；斜面vi.下降；衰落；谢绝vt.谢绝；婉拒例句I declined their offer of help.我谢绝了他们提出的帮助。
词组on the decline在走下坡路；在衰退中in decline在衰退中助记de（向下）+clin（弯曲）+e→向下弯曲→衰落派生declination n.倾斜；偏差；衰微secretarial[]adj.秘书的，书记的例句Good secretarial skills should enhance your chances of getting a job.出色的秘书工作技能会增加你找工作的机会。
秦秀白《新世纪大学英语综合教程(4)》(课文精解 Unit 1)【圣才出品】
二、课文精解Text A1.Not only has man transferred various species of plants and animals to different climatic conditions,he has also changed the shape and climate of his environment and transformed plants and animals.人类不仅把各种各样的动植物转移到不同的气候环境，也改变了他生活环境的地貌和气候并使动植物因之而发生转变。
句子的主干为:not only has man transferred…,he has also changed…and transformed…；本句采用not only...but also句型引导的并列句，前半句中not only 置于句首，所以使用了倒装结构。
transfer sb./sth.from…to…把某事物/某人从…调动、转移到…。
例：He was transferred from Weston Hospital to Frenchay.他从韦斯顿医院转院到了法兰查。
climate既可指“气候”，又可指“氛围”，例：a tropical climate热带气候。
a favorable climate of opinion有利的舆论氛围。
transform改变；改造。
与change，alter，convert的区别是：transform指人或物在形状、外观、形式、性质等方面发生的彻底变化，失去原状成为全新的东西。
change 指任何变化，完全改变，强调与原先的情况有明显的不同。
alter常指轻微的改变，强调基本上保持原物、原状的情况下所进行的部分改变。
convert指进行全部或局部改变以适应新的功能或用途。
也指信仰或态度时，强调较激烈、大的改变。
例：I believe she would transform me into a talker.我相信，她会把我这个沉默寡言的人变成个碎嘴子。
秦秀白《新世纪大学英语综合教程(4)》(课文精解 Unit 4)【圣才出品】
二、课文精解Text A1.Wystan H.Auden：威斯坦·休·奥登（Wystan Hugh Auden，1907—1973年），英裔美国诗人，是继托马斯·艾略特之后最重要的英语诗人。
毕业于牛津大学。
30年代崭露头角，成为新一代诗人代表和左翼青年作家领袖。
1939年移居美国，后入美国籍并皈依基督教。
前期创作多涉及社会和政治题材，后期转向宗教。
以能用从古到今各种诗体写作著称。
代表作有《西班牙》、《新年书信》、《忧虑的时代》等。
2.In a society where slavery in the strict sense has been abolished,whether what a man does has social value depends on whether he is paid money to do it,but a laborer today can rightly be called a wage slave.在一个严格意义上已废除奴隶制的社会里，一个人做的事情是否具有社会价值取决于他是否为完成此项工作得到了报酬。
然而，今天的劳动者可以被称为名副其实的工资奴隶。
句中but连接两个并列分句；in a society引导地点状语，其中where引导定语从句，修饰society；前一个分句的谓语动词是depends on，主语和宾语都是whether 引导的名词性从句。
in the strict sense从严格意义上说，严格来讲。
例：So far the discussion has centered entirely around mutation in the strict sense.到目前为止，严格来讲，讨论完全集中于围绕突变问题上。
wage工资；报偿。
与salary的区别是：salary按月发放的工资，领工资者常是有专门技能和知识的人。
英语翻译
专外翻译（232页—237页，5.1.3部分）制药081班白晓博 081241自由基经历八个经典的反应：自由基进攻π键，原化学键断裂，原子离去，原子团与原子团结合，电子云失去平衡，电子转移，亲核试剂进攻，离去基团的分离。
在这八个反应中，到目前为止前三个反应是最重要的。
原子的加成与裂解反应涉及自由基与封闭壳层的反应，化学键的断裂是一个自由基转换成一个新自由基和一个新封闭壳层的过程。
加成和裂解反应是相互对立的。
一般来说，链增长机理由新化学键的形成，旧化学键的断裂和原子的离去三个步骤组成。
自由基与自由基的结合，歧化反应，电子转移存在于链增长部位和无链机理处。
链机理也是由电子转移引发。
亲核试剂的进攻与离去基团的分离都是双电子反应。
第一章讨论了自由基链式机理。
熟悉描述链机理的方法是非长必要的。
一个自由基可以进攻一个封闭壳层的π键生成一个新自由基。
自由基X*添加到Y=Z的π键上生成X-Y-Z，在这个基团里新的X-Yσ键是由一个来自自由基和一个来自旧π键的两个电子组成。
Y=ZD π键可能是极化的也可能是非极化的。
分子间自由基与π键的加成通常以这种方式发生，产生能量最低的自由基，但是分子内的加成通常受制于基团的分子的立体电子阻碍(这可能引发生成高能量的自由基)。
自由基与π键的加成原理上类似π键与碳正离子的加成。
在这本书中，单箭头用来表示自由基反应中（电子）移动的方向，而不能表示化学键的均裂。
这一惯例的应用为了避免箭头描述的混乱。
如果用它帮助你认清一个反应，你可以用它标识任意方向的电子转移。
事实上，大部分化学反应用箭头标识两个方向的电子转移。
一个自由基并不是总以同样的方式添加到一个极性的π键上，亲核试剂也可以加成。
比如自由基Bu3Sn*添加到C=Sπ键的S原子上，而不是添加到C原子上。
自由基也可以添加到稳定的碳烯基团上，比如CO和乙腈化物(RNC)，在反应产物中，碳烯的碳原子变成了自由基的中心原子。
自由基与硝酮和亚硝基化合物的加成生成性质非常稳定的硝酰基。
秦秀白《新世纪大学英语综合教程(2)》(第2版)学习指南-Unit 7至Unit 8【圣才出品】
Unit7一、词汇短语※Text Aobstacle[]n.障碍，妨害物，干扰【例句】There is still an obstacle to their marriage.他们的婚姻依然有障碍。
【词组】a serious obstacle to对…的严重障碍【助记】ob（在…上）＋sta（看作stand）＋（a）cle（东西）→站在路中间的东西→障碍物endure[]v.持久，持续；忍受【例句】I can’t endure her endless complaint noise a moment longer.我一刻也忍受不了她那没完没了的抱怨。
【助记】end（结束）＋ure→坚持到结束→忍受；维持【派生】endurable adj.能忍耐的；可忍受的；能持久的endurance n.忍耐力；忍耐；持久；耐久homely[]adj.家庭的；平凡的；不好看的haul[]n.&v.拉，拽，拖；搬运【例句】They hauled the boat up onto the shore.他们用力把船拖上岸。
【词组】over the long haul长远地；从长远观点看for the long haul长远地haul sb.up[口]责问某人【助记】谐音：“吼”→“吼”一声用力拖曳，薅（拔草又称薅草）。
拉；拖。
【派生】haulage n.拖运；拖曳；运费conscious[]adj.意识到的，自觉的，清醒的【例句】He was conscious of his guilt.他自知有罪。
【词组】conscious of意识到become conscious of观察到【助记】con＋sci（知道）＋ous→道的→神志清醒的courageously[]adj.勇敢地cripple[]n.跛子v.使残废，使瘫痪；削弱【例句】She was crippled in the car accident.她在汽车出事时把腿伤成了残废。
秦秀白《新世纪大学英语综合教程(4)》(第2版)学习指南【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】
秦秀白《新世纪大学英语综合教程（4）》（第2版）学习指南【词汇短语＋课文精解＋全文翻译＋练习答案】目录Unit 1 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 2 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 3 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 4 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 5 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 6 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 7 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案Unit 8 一、词汇短语 二、课文精解 三、全文翻译 四、练习答案弘博学习网————各类考试资料全收录内容简介本书是《新世纪大学英语综合教程（4）》（第2版）的配套辅导用书，按照原教材的课次进行编写，每单元涉及词汇短语、课文精解、全文翻译以及练习答案内容。
词汇短语中精选每单元的重、难点词汇，每个词后除了释义，还给出了相应的例句，及一些常用的搭配、词组、助记方法等。
课文精解从文中选出重点句子及难以理解的句子加以讲解，其中包括对句子结构分析、相关知识点讲解和延伸。
全文翻译是在参阅了大量与教材相关用书的基础上总结编写而成的。
练习答案提供每单元习题的参考答案。
本书旨在帮助学生更好、更高效地学习和掌握教程中的重点及难点知识，具有很强的针对性和实用性。
在编写过程中，该书力求突出重点，答疑难点，语言言简意赅，讲解深入浅出，希望它能得到广大英语学习者的喜爱和认可。
弘博学习网————各类考试资料全收录Unit 1一、词汇短语Text Arealm [relm] n. 王国，国土；领域【例句】He was banished from the realm. 他被驱逐出境。
【词组】in the realm of 在…领域里【助记】real（真正的）+m→真正的好东西（如音乐、艺术）无国界→领地，范围dweller [dwelE] n. 居住者；居民subdue [sQb5dju:] v. 征服，克服，压制【例句】We subdued a desire to laugh.我们强忍住了笑。
秦秀白《新世纪大学英语综合教程(3)》【词汇短语+课文精解+全文翻译+练习答案】(Unit 2)【圣
Unit2一、词汇短语※Text Adefy[]vt.藐视；公然反抗；挑衅；使落空n.挑战；对抗例句If you defy the law,you may find yourself in prison.如果不服从法律，就可能会坐牢。
助记接近deny；de+fight反过来打→反抗。
given[]adj.沉溺的，有…倾向的；特定的，假设的；赠予的prep.考虑到v.给予（give的过去分词）例句①They were to meet at a given time and place.他们要在规定的时间和地点会晤。
②Given the government’s record on unemployment,their chances of winning the election look poor.鉴于政府在解决失业问题上成绩不佳，他们在选举中获胜机会似乎不大。
indulge[]v.纵容，迁就；沉迷，纵情享受；肆意从事例句His father sometimes indulges in a cigarette.他的父亲有时沉迷于抽烟。
词组indulge oneself/sb(with sth.)放纵自己[某人]助记in进入+dug（dig的过去分词）挖洞被埋进去了，陷进去了，比喻放纵欲望陷进去了。
派生indulgence n.嗜好；放纵；纵容；沉溺crush[]n.&v.压碎，压坏v.压服，压垮例句Her refusal crushed all our hopes.她一拒绝,我们的希望就全都破灭了。
词组get/have a crush on迷恋crush in压成，碾成；挤进，把…塞进助记音：磕+rush冲，磕磕碰碰地冲过去，汽车磕磕碰碰地冲过去，碾碎了很多东西。
moustache[]n.小胡子，八字须；（哺乳动物）触须例句When he was twenty years old,he began to have a moustache.当他二十岁的时候，他长了胡子。
秦秀白《新世纪大学英语综合教程(4)》(全文翻译 Unit 4)【圣才出品】
三、全文翻译Text A工作、劳动和玩耍威斯坦·H·奥登1就我所知，汉娜·阿伦特小姐是界定工作和劳动之间本质区别的第一人。
一个人要想快乐，第一要有自由感，第二要确信自己有价值。
如果社会迫使一个人去做他自己不喜欢的事，或者说，他所喜欢做的事被社会忽视，看作没有价值或不重要，那他就不会真正快乐。
在一个严格意义上已废除奴隶制的社会里，一个人做的事情是否具有社会价值取决于他是否为完成此项工作得到了报酬。
然而，今天的劳动者可以被称为名副其实的工资奴隶。
如果社会给一个人提供一份他本人不感兴趣的工作，他出于养家糊口的需要不得已才从事这项工作，那这个人就是一个劳动者。
2与劳动相对的是玩耍。
玩游戏时，我们能从中得到乐趣，否则就不会玩这个游戏。
但这完全是一种私人的活动，我们玩不玩这个游戏社会是不会关注的。
3处在劳动和玩耍之间的是工作。
如果一个人对社会为他支付报酬的工作感兴趣，他就是一个工作者。
从社会角度看是必需的劳动在他自己看来却是自愿的玩耍。
一个职位是劳动还是工作，并不取决于这个职位本身，而是取决于占据这个职位的个人自己的情趣。
这种差异与体力劳动和脑力劳动之间的差异并不吻合。
譬如，一个园丁或者鞋匠也许就是一个工作者，而一个银行职员则可能是一个劳动者。
一个人是工作者还是劳动者可以从他对闲暇的态度上看出来。
对于一个工作者来说，闲暇不过是他需要放松、休息从而进行有效工作的几个小时，所以，他可能只有少量的闲暇，而不会有大量的空闲。
工作者可能会死于心脏病，并会忘记自己妻子的生日。
而对于劳动者来说，闲暇就意味着摆脱强制，所以，他自然会想象：他不得不花费在劳动上的时间越少，而自由自在地玩耍的时间越多，那才越好。
4在一个现代化的技术社会里，总人口中有多大比例的人能够像我一样有幸成为工作者呢？我估计大概有16％，而且，我认为这个数字将来也不会增加。
5技术和劳动的分工成就了两件事：通过在许多领域取消了特别才能和技术的需要，把过去本来令人愉快的大量受雇职业的工作变成了令人厌倦的劳动；通过提高生产力，缩短了劳动所需的时间。
- 1、下载文档前请自行甄别文档内容的完整性，平台不提供额外的编辑、内容补充、找答案等附加服务。
- 2、"仅部分预览"的文档,不可在线预览部分如存在完整性等问题,可反馈申请退款(可完整预览的文档不适用该条件!)。
- 3、如文档侵犯您的权益，请联系客服反馈,我们会尽快为您处理(人工客服工作时间：9:00-18:30)。
TranslationUnit1当时大家生活都很艰难，我们家靠我开出租车的收入勉强度日。
一天深夜我接到要车电话，令我吃惊的是，到达那个地址时发现是一位柔弱的老太太在等我。
她上车后，我便与她攀谈起来。
我了解到她要去安养院，医生说她的时间不多了。
老太太叫我开车穿过市中心。
她指着一些老房子告诉我那是她曾居住或工作过的地方。
最后当车子停在安养院门口时，我没有接收她的车费。
在那天余下的时间里我陷入了沉思：虽然我得谋生，但是生活的意义不仅仅是为了生存。
当周遭情形一片阴暗时，我的一个小小善举可能就是一束烛光，尽管烛火微弱，却温暖了一颗心灵，也令我高尚。
我真的为自己的小小善举感到自豪。
That was a time when life was difficult for everyone. My family could barely get by on my small income from driving a cab. One late night I responded to a call for a cab ride. To my surprise, when I arrived at the address, I found it was a frail old lay who was awaiting me. After she got into the cab, I engaged her in conversation. I learnt that she was going to the hospice. Her doctor said she didn’t have very long. The old lady told me to drive through the downtown area. She pointed at some old buildings, telling me those were the places where she used to work or live. When the cab finally pulled up in front of the hospice, I didn’t accept her fare. In the rest of the day, I was lost in thought. Though I had to make a living, I lived not for the sole purpose of surviving. When circumstances looked gloomy, the small favour I had done could be a candle light. However faint the light was, it managed to warm up a soul and ennobled me as well. I did take pride in that small favour. Unit2晚饭后，我们大家围坐在壁炉（hearth)旁。
苏珊姨妈还沉浸在失去罗伯特姨父的悲伤之中。
她轻声讲起了他俩从前的岁月。
订婚不久，姨父就去参军了。
考虑到当时的严峻形势，许多军人无法生还，你就可以想象姨妈每天有多恐惧。
而当姨父从欧洲战场平安返回时姨妈甭提有多开心了。
之后，他们结婚成家，抚育了五个孩子。
这么多年来，在共同克服生活的艰辛磨难的过程当中，夫妻间的感情越来越深。
我被姨妈的故事深深迷住了，这完全不同于我理想中的爱情。
在日常生活中，他们并不追求激情浪漫，并没有牢骚满腹，而是实践着“付出”和“分享”。
令人感慨的是，这样的爱延续了一辈子。
After dinner, we all sat around the hearth. Aunt Susan was still in the grief of losing Uncle Robert. In her soft voice she told us about their past years. Uncle Robert joined the army shortly after they were engaged. Given the critical situation at the time when lots of army men didn’t return alive, you can imagine how much horrified Aunt Susan was every day, and how much overjoyed she was to see Uncle Robert back safe and sound from the European battlefield. Then they got married and brought up five children. For all those years, their affection for each other grew stronger in the course of overcoming difficulties and hardships in life. I was fascinated by Aunt Susan’s story, which was totally different from my ideal of love. They practiced, in their daily life, giving and sharing instead of pursuing passion and romance, or making complaints. Amazingly, such love lasted through their whole life.Unit3大家普遍认为人是社会性的动物，生活在同一社会的我们自然指望有朋友。
至于什么是友谊，我们已经学习了古希腊大哲学家亚里士多德、古罗马政治家西塞罗各自不同的定义。
这种不可否认有些人交朋友仅仅是为了彼此有用，一旦失去这个基础，这种友谊也就中止了。
但更多的人渴望“心灵之友（soul pats)" ，即那种拥有高尚情操，能共度磨难的朋友。
这样的友谊使我们远离贪欲、暴力，鼓励我们敢于按照自己的信念说话和做事。
这样的友谊才是我们说的“真挚的友谊”。
正是由于这些朋友的相伴，我们发现自己总在超越原来的自己，成为更好的人。
As is commonly acknowledged / It is commonly recognised that humans are social animals. Living together in a community, we naturally expect to have friends. As to what friendship is, we have read different definitions given by Aristotle, an ancient Greek philosopher, and Cicero, a Roman statesman. No one will deny that some people make friends simply for mutual utility. Once the ground for such friendship disappears, the friendship also breaks up. However, a lot more people long for “soul pals”—those who possess virtues and with whom we can go through trials and tribulations together. Such friendships keep us away from greed and violence and inspire us to have the courage of our convictions. Such is what we call “true friendship”. It is with such friends’company that we find ourselves surpassing our old selves and becoming better persons / people.Unit4一枚金牌证明了奥运冠军的运动才能、决心和勇气。
那么这些运动员又是如何让自己有幸获得如此巨大的荣耀呢？登上领奖台的冠军们能用他们自己的亲身经历为我们提供答案。
首先，在训练的时候，他们就把自己想象成冠军。
一旦有了冠军的梦想，他们就勇敢地坚守梦想。
此外，优秀的运动员内心迫切地要发挥最佳潜能。
他们严于律己，挤出每天的每一分钟去练习。
尽管他们锲而不舍，有时还有可能失败或者因毫厘之差与金牌失之交臂，但是他们相信自己，不灰心。
他们时刻准备接受心理上，技巧上最具挑战性的任务或比赛。
事实上，为了获得毕生中那至关重要的机会，所有的冠军都经历过很多的艰难困苦。
因此，我们不会说也不能说冠军是幸运的。
好运毕竟只眷顾那些准备好迎接好运的人。
A gold medal is a tribute to the athletic talent, determination and courage of an Olympic champion. Then how do the athletes make themselves fortunate enough to be so highly honored? The champions who have mounted the winners’ stand can offer an answer based on their own experiences. First, in the course of training, they visualize themselves as champions. Once their dreams of becoming champions take shape, they will cling to them courageously. What’s m ore, top performers are driven to bring out their best. They discipline themselves and s queeze in every possible minute to practice every day. Despite their relentless efforts, they may sometimes fail to win or narrowly miss a gold medal, yet they believe in themselves and never lose heart. They are ready to take on the most psychologically and technically challenging tasks or competitions. In reality, all champions have experienced lots of hardships on their way to the vital break of their lifetime. So we won’t and can’t say that a champion is lucky. After all, luck only strikes those prepared to capitalize on it.Unit5我们都想要健康，在应对各种严峻挑战时想要自己处于最佳状态：健康方面的好建议并不少：例如：均衡饮食睡眠充足以及每周安排一些时间做运动：一门新学科一一时间生物学一一为我们提供了一个能取得最佳效率的新方法：这个方法就是协调我们的日常活动与自身身体能力：我们将每一天中每隔四小时所测得的六个体温读数标记在坐标纸上，让自己熟悉以下信息：我的体温何时开始上升，何时体温升至最高，何时降到最低。