English-Chinese Legal Translation (I)

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2021年11月翻译资格考试三级英语笔译模拟试题及答案(2)

2021年11月翻译资格考试三级英语笔译模拟试题及答案Section 1 English-Chinese Translation (50 points)Translate the following passage into Chinese.The Republic of Ireland is a sovereign state in Western Europe, occupying about five-sixths of the island of Ireland. The capital and largest city is Dublin, whose metropolitan area is home to around a third of the country’s 4.6 million inhabitants. The state shares its only land border with Northern Ireland. It is a unitary, parliamentary republic with an elected president serving as head of state. The head of government is nominated by the lower house of parliament.Following the Irish War of Independence and the subsequent Anglo-Irish Treaty, Ireland gained independence from the United Kingdom in 1922. Initially a dominion, Ireland received official British recognition of full legislative independence in the Statute of Westminster of 1931. A new constitution was adopted in 1937, by which the name of the state became “Ireland.” In 1949, Ireland was declared a republic under the Republic of Ireland act 1948.Ireland ranks among the wealthiest countries in the world in terms of GDP per capita. In 1973, Ireland enacted a series of liberal economic policies that resulted in rapid economic growth, coupled with a dramatic rise in inequality. The country achieved considerable prosperity from 2021 to 2021. This was halted by an unprecedented financial crisis that began in 2021, in conjunction with the concurrent global economic crash.In 2021 and 2021 Ireland was ranked as the seventh-most developed country in the world by the United Nations Human Development Index. It also performs well in several metrics of national performance, including freedom of the press, economic freedom and civil liberties. It pursues a policy of neutrality through non-alignment.The population of Ireland stood at 4,588,252 in 2021, an increase of 8.2 percent since 2021. As of 2021, Ireland had the highest birth rate in the European Union (16 births per 1,000 of population). In 2021, 35.1 percent of births were to unmarried women. Annual population growth rates exceeded 2 percent during the 2021-2021 period, which was attributed to high rates of natural increase and immigration. This rate declined somewhat during the subsequent 2021-2021 period, with an average growth rate of 1.6 percent.Ireland ranks fifth in the world in terms of gender equality. In 2021, Ireland was ranked the most charitable country in Europe, and second most charitable in the world. Contraception was controlled in Ireland until 1979, however, the receding influence of the Catholic Church has led to an increasingly secularized society . In 1983,the Eighth Amendment recognized “the right to life of the unborn”, subject to qualifications concerning the “equal right to life” of the mother. The pass age of the Thirteenth and Fourteenth Amendments guarantees the right to have an abortion performed abroad, and the right to learn about “services” that are illegal in Ireland, but legal abroad. The prohibition on divorce in the 1937 Constitution was repealed in 2021 under the Fifteenth Amendment. Divorce rates in Ireland are very low compared to European Union averages while the marriage rate in Ireland is slightly above the European Union average.Capital punishment is constitutionally banned in Ireland, while discrimination based on age, gender, sexual orientation, marital or familial status, religion and race is illegal.Ireland became the first country in the world to introduce an environmental levy for plastic shopping bags in 2021 and a public smoking ban in 2021. Recycling in Ireland is carried out extensively and Ireland has the second highest rate of packaging recycling in the European Union.参考译文:爱尔兰共和国是西欧的一个主权国家，其国土面积为爱尔兰岛的六分之五。

英汉翻译之增词法

当要求他们对自己的所作所为进行解释时，两人都蔑视法律程序，欲盖弥彰。
一心从政而最终把握大权，这是一个永恒的话题。然而，克林顿的平步青云则明显地带有当时那个时代的印记。
Warming up Activity
Reflection: How did you translate the italicized parts in the previous sentences? What did you need to do to make your translation convey the original meaning and meanwhile read smoothly? What technique did you use in translating them? Why is it sometimes necessary for a translator to add some words when translating?
202X
单击此处添加副标题
Amplification 增词法
汇报日期
Warming-up Activity Read the passage “Two Bills” and discuss in groups how to translate the underlined sentences.
克林顿总统以自己惯用的热烈的待人接物方式对待盖茨，满脸魅力、笑容可掬。因为两人都新近丧母，所以他满以为能在两人之间找到共同语言。
克林顿则听任司法部对微软公司提出反垄断诉讼—这对微软公司可能会是一场毁灭性的打击。
Warming up Activity
the two Bills are as different as the two ends of the baby-boom generation they represent Gates, who came of age in the 1970s, has a Watergate-year detachment from politics, a mind-set more me-generation than “love-in”.

论英译汉中行为动词的使用

分类号学校代码１０５４２密级学号２ＱＱ皇垦Ｑ璺丝鲤鱼论英译汉中行为动词的使用ＯｎｔｈｅＵｓｅｏｆＡｃｔｉｏｎＶｅｒｂｓｉｎＥｎｇｌｉｓｈ—－ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＴｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎ指导教师姓名、职称董拯塞塾撞湖南师范大学学位评定委员会办公室二０一一年五月ＯｎｔｈｅＵｓｅｏｆＡｃｔｉｏｎＶｅｒｂｓｉｎＥｎｇｌｉｓｈ－·ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＴｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎＡＴｈｅｓｉｓＳｕｂｍｉｔｔｅｄｔｏＦｏｒｅｉｇｎＳｔｕｄｉｅｓＣｏｌｌｅｇｅＯｆＨｕｎａｎＮｏｒｍａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙＩｎＰａｒｔｉａｌＦｕｌｆｉｌｌｍｅｎｔｏｆｔｈｅＲｅｑｕｉｒｅｍｅｎｔｓＦｏｒＴｈｅＤｅｇｒｅｅｏｆＭａｓｔｅｒｏｆＴｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎａｎｄＩｎｔｅｒｐｒｅｔａｔｉｏｎｉｎｔｈｅＳｕｂｊｅｃｔｏｆＥｎｇｌｉｓｈ—ＣｈｉｎｅｓｅＴｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎＢｙＨｕＫｏｎｇｌｉＵｎｄｅｒｔｈｅＳｕｐｅｒｖｉｓｉｏｎｏｆＰｒｏｆｅｓｓｏｒＨｕａｎｇＺｈｅｎｄｉｎｇＨｕｎａｎＮｏｒｍａｌＵｎｉｖｅｒｓｉｔｙＣｈａｎｇｓｈａ，ＨｕｎａｎＭａｙ，２０１１Ⅲ４㈣８川３叶●㈣９…洲Ｙ摘要从英汉两种语言表达特征的对比分析中，可以看出英语多用名词和介词，呈静态特征；而汉语有动和具体的特点，呈动态特征，而且更明显的体现在行为动词的频繁应用。

本文在实例对比阐明分析这一差异后，给出了汉语行为动词分类，并认为我们在英译汉的过程中，应当适当将一些名词或介词转换为动词，而且更多时候应选择使用行为动词，从而使译文顺畅自然，符合汉语表达习惯，并弥合英汉语言之间的差异。

关键词：英译汉；静态；动态；行为动词ＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔＴｈｅｃｏｎｔｒａｓｔｉｖｅｓｔｕｄｙｏｆＥｎｇｌｉｓｈａｎｄＣｈｉｎｅｓｅｌａｎｇｕａｇｅｓｌｅａｄｓＵＳｔｏｔｈｅｋｎｏｗｌｅｄｇｅｔｈａｔｔｈｅｆｏｒｍｅｒｔｅｎｄｓｔｏａｓｓｕｍｅｓｔａｔｉｃｂｙｍａｋｉｎｇｆｕｌｌｕｓｅｏｆｎｏｕｎｓａｎｄｐｒｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｓ，ｗｈｉｌｅｔｈｅｌａｔｔｅｒａｐｐｅａｒｓｄｙｎａｍｉｃｗｉｔｈｔｈｅｃｈａｒａｃｔｅｒｉｓｔｉｃｓｏｆｍｏｖｅｍｅｎｔａｎｄｃｏｎｃｒｅｔｅ，ｗｈｉｃｈｃａｎｂｅａｐｐａｒｅｎｔｌｙｒｅｆｌｅｃｔｅｄｉｎｔｈｅｆｒｅｑｕｅｎｔｕｓｅｏｆａｃｔｉｏｎｖｅｒｂｓ．Ｂａｓｅｄｏｎｔｈｅｅｘｐｌｉｃｉｔｄｅｓｃｒｉｐｔｉｏｎａｎｄａｎａｌｙｓｉｓｏｆｔｈｅｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅ，ｔｈｉｓａｒｔｉｃｌｅｃｏｎｔｉｎｕｅｓｔｏｌｉｓｔｔｈｅｖａｒｉａｔｉｏｎｓｏｆａｃｔｉｏｎｖｅｒｂｓｉｎＣｈｉｎｅｓｅ，ａｎｄｔｈｅｎｐｏｉｎｔｓｏｕｔｔｈａｔ，ｗｈｅｎｄｏｉｎｇｔｈｅＥｎｇｌｉｓｈ－Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎ，ｗｅａｒｅｓｕｐｐｏｓｅｄｔｏｔｒａｎｓｆｅｒｔｈｅｎｏｕｎｓｏｒｐｒｅｐｏｓｉｔｉｏｎｓｉｎｔｏｖｅｒｂｓ，ｍｏｓｔｌｙｔｈｅａｃｔｉｏｎｖｅｒｂｓ，ｆｏｒｔｈｅｓｍｏｏｔｈｎｅｓｓｏｆｔｈｅｔａｒｇｅｔｌａｎｇｕａｇｅ，ａｎｄａｌｓｏｔｏｂｒｉｄｇｅｔｈｅｄｉｆｆｅｒｅｎｃｅｏｆｔｈｉｎｋｉｎｇｐａｔｔｅｒｎｓｂｅｔｗｅｅｎｔｈｅｔｗｏｌａｎｇｕａｇｅｓ．Ｋｅｙｗｏｒｄｓ：Ｅｎｇｌｉｓｈ－Ｃｈｉｎｅｓｅｔｒａｎｓｌａｔｉｏｎ；ｓｔａｔｉｃ；ｄｙｎａｍｉｃ；ａｃｔｉｏｎｖｅｒｂｓ目录摘要………………………………………………………………………．ＩＡｂｓｔｒａｃｔ．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．…．．．．．．．．．．．…．．．．．．．．．．．．……．．．．．…．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．．ＩＩＩ引言……………………………………………………………………１弓ｌ舌…………………………………………………………………………………………．．１１．英汉篇章中行为动词使用频率的实例统计与分析………………．．３１．１英语篇章中行为动词使用频率的实例统计…………………．．３１．２汉语篇章中行为动词使用频率的实例统计…………………．．４１．３英汉篇章中行为动词使用频率差异的原因分析……………．．５２．汉语中行为动词的分类及作用………………………………………７２．１时间型行为方式…………………………………………………７２．２数量型行为方式…………………………………………………７２．３结果型行为方式…………………………………………………．８２．４可能型行为方式…………………………………………………．８３．翻译对策与实例……………………………………………………．１１３．１英语名词转化成汉语动词……………………………………．ｎ３．２英语介词转化成汉语动词……………………………………．１２３．３英语形副词转化成汉语动词…………………………………．１３结论…………………………………………………………………………………………１５参考文献…………………………………………………………………．１７附录……………………………………………………………………ｌ９致谢…………………………………………………………………………………………６９湖南师范大学学位论文原创性声明……………．．错误！未定义书签。

法律英语词汇解释

法律英语词语用法区别英语中原本没有所谓法律英语，但由于有关法律方面的英语有其特殊的用法和规律，慢慢地就像科技英语、商业英语等一样，自成一门学科。

法律英语不同于“法言法语”(legal terms)，而是跨越英语与法律之间的边缘学科，所以有人将法律英语译为English for the prdession。

许多地区，比如上海等地，还为此成立专门的培训机构。

由于英汉语言习惯的不同，加上长期以来约定俗成的用法的影响，法律英语中常常出现一些容易混淆或错用的词语，在中英互译中常会发生一些有趣的语言现象。

本文就是想以比较轻松的漫谈方式，与读者作一些共同探讨，以引起广大读者对法律英语的兴趣。

China, China's 和Chinese作定语时大有区别这三个词都可以作定语用，译成“中国的”，但其含义却有很大区别。

如China law firms是指“在中国的律师事务所”，未必是中国人开的，它应包括获准在中国设立的“外国律师事务所”(foreign law firms)。

若指中国律师开的律师事务所，应用Chinese law firms。

在法律文书中，这很有讲究。

在WTO法律文件中，如“中国经济的特性”(the special characteristic of China's economy)；“中国的关税配额制度”(China's TRO system)；“中国的具体承诺减让表”((China's Schedule of Specific Commitments)；“中国专利法”(China's Patent Law)等用语中，几乎都用China's而不用Chinese。

但着重“中国人的”意义时，应该用Chinese。

如“中方”(Chinese side)；“中国人”(Chinese nationals)；“中国政府”(Chinese government)；“中国执业律师”(Chinese national regis-tered lawyers)。

法律术语的英汉翻译

法律术语的英汉翻译张恩华摘要：在法律术语英汉翻译这个翻译领域中的难题中，译者通常会面临两大挑战：一是法律翻译要求语言功能上的对等和法律功能的对等；二是法律术语英汉翻译中经常没有确切对等词，而是出现了接近对等、部分对等或完全不对等等情况。

本文探讨了这些不完全对等的现象，并提出了相应的翻译方法：使用功能对等词、扩充词义、释义、使用非法律专业用语的中性词、借译或创造新词等。

Abstract: In the field of English—Chinese translation of legal terminology, translators are often faced with two major challenges: Firstly, legal translation requires equivalence both in linguistic functions and in legal functions. Secondly, no exact equivalence but near equivalence, partial equivalence and non-equivalence can be found in English-Chinese translation of legal terminology. This article aims to explore the absence of exact equivalence and some ways to deal with it, such as the use of functional equivalent, lexical expansion，paraphrase，neutral term，borrowing and neologism.关键词：法律翻译；法律术语；不完全对等；确切对等词；Key words：legal translation；legal terminology；non-equivalence；exact equivalent术语翻译是翻译特定目的文本的译者经常面对的一个障碍。

法律词汇汉英互译

法律词汇汉英互译
在进行国际贸易和国际法律交流时，常常需要
进行汉英语言的互译。

找到正确的翻译，可以避
免交流中出现的误解和问题，是非常重要的事情。

本文汇总了一些常见的法律词汇，以方便您进行
汉英互译。

法律本身相关的词汇
English to Chinese (英语 - 中文)
•attorney: 律师
•court: 法庭
•judge: 法官
•lawsuit: 诉讼
•litigation: 诉讼
Chinese to English (中文 - 英语)
•律师: lawyer
•法庭: court
•法官: judge
•诉讼: lawsuit
•诉讼: litigation
合同相关的词汇
English to Chinese (英语 - 中文)•contract: 合同
•agreement: 协议
•breach of contract: 违约•terms and conditions: 条款和条件•termination: 终止
Chinese to English (中文 - 英语)•合同: contract
•协议: agreement。

2024年英语汉译英

2024年英语汉译英In 2024, English to Chinese Translation。

In 2024, English to Chinese translation continues to play a crucial role in bridging the communication gap between English-speaking countries and Chinese-speaking countries. With the increasing globalization of businesses and the growing popularity of English as a global language, the demand for high-quality English to Chinese translation has never been higher.One of the key challenges in English to Chinese translation is the fundamental differences between the two languages. English and Chinese belong to different language families and have distinct grammar, syntax, and cultural nuances. Therefore, a successful English to Chinese translation requires not only linguistic proficiency but also a deep understanding of the cultural context and social norms of both languages.In recent years, machine translation has made significant advancements in the field of English to Chinese translation. The development of artificial intelligence and neural machine translation has greatly improved the accuracy and efficiency of automated translation tools. However, machine translation still lags behind human translation in terms of capturing the subtleties of language and cultural nuances. As a result, professional human translators remain indispensable in delivering high-quality English to Chinese translation services.The demand for English to Chinese translation spans across various industries, including but not limited to, business, finance, legal, medical, and technical fields. Companies and organizations rely on accurate and culturally sensitive translation to reach Chinese-speaking audiences and expand their global presence. In the legal and medical fields, precise translation is crucial for ensuring compliance with regulations and providing accurate information to non-English speaking individuals.In addition to traditional text translation, the demand for English to Chinese audiovisual translation has also been on the rise. With the increasing popularity of videocontent, there is a growing need for subtitling, voice-over, and dubbing services to make English-language audiovisual content accessible to Chinese-speaking audiences. This requires not only linguistic expertise but also technical skills and an understanding of visual and auditory elements.As the demand for high-quality English to Chinese translation continues to grow, the role of professional translators and translation agencies becomes increasingly important. Professional translators possess the linguistic proficiency, cultural understanding, and subject matter expertise to deliver accurate and culturally sensitive translations. Translation agencies play a vital role in connecting businesses and organizations with qualified translators who can meet their specific translation needs.In conclusion, English to Chinese translation remains a critical component in facilitating cross-cultural communication and global business expansion. With the advancement of technology and the increasing demand for accurate and culturally sensitive translation, the role of professional human translators and translation agencies will continue to be essential in delivering high-quality English to Chinese translation services.。

中国法律体系用语翻译(汉英对照)

中国法律体系用语翻译（汉英对照）中国特色社会主义法律体系the socialist system of laws with Chinese Characteristics依法治国，建设社会主义法治国家govern the country by law and build a socialist country under the rule of law刑事诉讼法Criminal Procedure Law民事诉讼法Civil Procedure Law行政诉讼法Administrative Procedure Law民法通则General Principles of the Civil Law暂行条例interim Regulations民族区域自治法Law on Regional Ethnic Autonomy香港特别行政区基本法Basic Law of the Hong Kong Special Administrative Region劳动法Labor Law专利法Patent Law商标法Trademark Law著作权集体管理条例Regulations on the Collective Administration of Copyright计算机软件保护条例Regulations on the Protection of Computer Software信息网络传播权保护条例Regulations on the Protection of the Right to Network Dissemination of Information知识产权海关保护条例Regulations on the Customs Protection of Intellectual Property Right经济合同法Economic Contract Law环境保护法Environmental Protection Law水污染防治法Law on the Prevention and Control of Water Pollution大气污染防治法Law on the Prevention and Control of Atmospheric Pollution 固体废物污染环境防治法Law on the Prevention and Control of Pollution by Solid Waste矿产资源法Mineral Resource Law环境影响评价法Law on Environment Impact Assessment义务教育法Compulsory Education Law高等教育法Higher Education Law职业教育法Vocational Education Law文物保护法Law on the Protection of Cultural Relics消费者权益保护法L aw on the Protection of Consumers’ Rights and Interests 继承法Succession Law产品质量法Product Quality Law反不正当竞争法Anti-Unfair Competition Law海商法Maritime Code票据法Negotiable Instruments Law城市房地产管理法Law on Urban Real Estate Administration对外贸易法Foreign Trade Law中外盒子经营企业法Law on Chinese-Foreign Equity Joint Ventures中外合作经营企业法Law on Chinese-Foreign Cooperation Joint Ventures 外资企业法Law on Foreign-funded Enterprises个人独资企业法Law on Individual Proprietorship Enterprises农村土地承包法Law on the Contracting of Rural Land政府采购法Government Procurement Law行政处罚法Law on Administrative Penalty行政复议法Administrative Reconsideration Law国家赔偿法Law on National Compensation物权法Property Law侵权责任法Tort Law人民调解法People’s Mediation Law劳动争议仲裁法Law on Labor Dispute Mediation and Arbitration食品安全法Food Safety Law。

法律英语翻译

法律英语翻译-法律英语特点法律英语（Legal English）措辞严谨，句式冗长，结构复杂，甚至一句话能长达一篇文章。

在做好法律英语（Legal English）翻译（translation）之前，清楚认识法律英语（Legal English）的特点（characteristics）至关重要。

同样汉语中的法律用语也同样严谨，结构复杂，清楚的掌握两种语言的法律用语特点（characteristics）在翻译（translation）中会更加有章可循。

法律英语（Legal English）是以英语共同语为基础,在立法和司法等活动中形成和使用的具有法律专业特点（characteristics）的语言。

因此，在法律英语（Legal English）中不仅有众多的具有法律专门意义的特殊词汇（words）,而且由于规定人们权利和义务的法律、法令或契约等法律文书所表述的内容必须准确、严密、客观和规范，不容许丝毫的引伸、推理或抒发和表达感情，因而在法律英语（Legal English）中又形成了许多其特有的句法特点（characteristics），这些词法和句法特点（characteristics）在翻译（translation）过程中必须受到充分重视。

下面我们从词汇（words）、词类使用和句型结构三方面来考察法律英语（Legal English）的文体（style）特点（characteristics）：一、法律英语（Legal English）的文体（style）特点（characteristics）之一：法律英语（Legal English）词汇（words）1.1法律英语（Legal English）用词特点（characteristics）：庄重、规范、书面语较多法律是掌握国家政权的阶级、集团的意志体现,它有鲜明的政策性,权威性。

为了维护法律的严肃性,法律、法规遣词造句力求准确,用词正式,语意严谨。

法律英语的翻译

法律英语的翻译Legal English TranslationLegal English translation is the process of converting legal documents or texts written in one language into another language. It requires not only linguistic skills, but also a deep understanding of legal concepts and terminology in both languages. Legal translation ensures that legal texts are accurately conveyed, preserving their meaning, intent, and legal validity.In the field of legal translation, precision is of utmost importance. Even the smallest mistranslation or interpretation error can have significant consequences, such as misrepresentation of facts, miscommunication between parties, or even legal disputes. Therefore, legal translators must possess not only excellent command of both languages, but also a thorough knowledge of legal principles, systems, and terminology.Legal translation involves various types of legal documents, including contracts, agreements, court pleadings, statutes, regulations, patents, and legal opinions. Each type requires specific knowledge and skills to ensure accurate translation. For instance, contract translation demands careful attention to detail, as any ambiguity or misunderstanding can lead to disputes between parties. Court pleadings translation requires an understanding of legal systems, procedures, and terminologies used in different jurisdictions.One particular feature of legal English is its use of complex legal terminology and phrases. Legal terms often carry specificmeanings that are not easily translatable into other languages. Translators need to be familiar with legal concepts and terminology in both the source and target language to accurately communicate legal information.Moreover, legal translation also involves bridging the cultural and legal gaps between the source and target language. Legal systems can differ significantly from one jurisdiction to another, and legal concepts may not have direct equivalents in another language. For example, common law systems, such as those in the United States and the United Kingdom, rely heavily on case law, while civil law systems, like those in continental Europe, are based on codified laws. Translators need to be aware of these differences and find appropriate ways to convey the legal concepts effectively.To ensure accurate and reliable legal translation, legal translators often work in teams or consult with legal experts in both languages. They collaborate to clarify any uncertainties, ensure consistency, and avoid potential errors. In addition, legal translators may referto specialized legal dictionaries, glossaries, and databases to find equivalent legal terms and phrases.Another important aspect of legal translation is confidentiality. Legal texts often contain sensitive and confidential information that must be handled with utmost care. Translators are bound by professional codes of ethics to maintain confidentiality and ensure the security of the translated texts.In conclusion, legal English translation is a specialized field that requires an in-depth understanding of legal concepts, proficientlinguistic skills, and cultural awareness. Accurate legal translation is crucial for effective communication and understanding between legal systems and parties involved. Legal translators play a vital role in bridging the language and legal gaps, ensuring that legal texts are accurately conveyed, and legal processes are accurately understood and executed.。

法律英语-中英双语法律文书中的句法歧义

法律英语:中英双语法律文书中的句法歧义篇一：浅析英语法律文书中的词汇歧义现象最新英语专业全英原创毕业论文，都是近期写作E-cTranslationofFilmTitlesfromculturalPerspective初中生英语口语常见错误分析及纠错策略解读《拉帕希尼的女儿》中的父爱TheSocialSignificanceofThemerchantofVenicefromthePerspectiveofShak espeare’sTimes论《追风筝的人》中父子关系的心理剖析英语教学中如何提高学生的跨文化交际能力ontheTranslationofchildren’sLiteratureintheLightoftheSkopostheory:acaseStudyofThedventuresofTo mSawyeranewwoman’sJourneyinTotheLighthouse文档所公布均英语专业全英原创毕业论文。

原创Q799757938《蝴蝶梦》中的哥特式元素意象创造的对比研究——文化视觉下的中英文诗歌伊恩?麦克尤恩《时间中的孩子》中斯蒂芬的心理创伤和恢复分析《永别了武器》悲剧特征的分析中式菜谱的翻译《喜福会》体现的中美家庭观念冲突解析英语习语中隐喻的汉译《格列佛游记》与《镜花缘》的比较ananalysisofJude’sPursuitofLoveinJudetheobscure产品说明书的翻译技巧高中英语写作中母语负迁移现象分析广告折射出的中西文化差异及广告翻译策略影响中学生英语学习的心理因素分析国际商务谈判中的非语言交际探究汉英翻译的中式英语现象网络英语的缩略词的构成特征及其应用研究析《小妇人》中的超验主义广告中英语歧义的研究onwisdomofTaoinTaodeJingandtheSubjectivityofTranslator－－BaseduponTranslationsofwu（无）andYou（有）论《最后的莫西干人》中的印第安情结语境视角下的“吃”字翻译研究《罗密欧与朱丽叶》和《哈姆雷特》中的双关鉴赏英汉色彩词的对比研究论中美婚礼习俗的差异与融合论大学英语口语课外活动隐转喻名名复合词的语义分析洛克的教育思想研究简?奥斯汀《诺桑觉寺》中人物对爱情和婚姻的不同态度汉英礼貌原则对比浅析Shylock’sTragedyinThemerchantofVenice论《汤姆叔叔的小屋》中的基督式人物塑造论英语无灵句与汉语有灵句的互译菲尔丁小说《汤姆琼斯》中的戏剧因素分析《哈利波特》中斯内普的人物分析TextcohesioninEnglishBusinesscontracts中美婚礼文化的差异浅析罗斯福就职演说中的美国精神中国旅游指南的中译英研究（开题报告+论）哥伦布和郑和航海的对比研究——两次航海所反映出的中西方文化差异从功能对等角度分析英文电影片名汉译托马斯?哈代《德伯家的苔丝》中注定的女性悲剧命运从《印度之行》看东西方文化冲突浅谈中西婚俗的文化差异《儿子与情人》中扭曲的爱《隐形人》（混战）中的象征手法分析acomparisonoftheEnglishcolorTermsacomparisonbetweenTask-basedapproachandcommunicativeapproach目的论下的修辞手法翻译：以《爱丽丝漫游奇境记》两个汉语译本为例从功能翻译理论视角谈旅游翻译我们如何避免翻译中的中式英语ananalysisonFeminismfromthePerspectiveofmusicinLittlewomen浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中的苔丝悲剧的成因对《红字》中完美人性的求索－－浅析海斯特与丁梅斯代尔的自我思想较量与精神升华英汉颜色词隐喻的认知比较与研究语码转换的面子维护策略从保罗的恋母情结角度分析劳伦斯的《儿子与情人》逆成构词的分类及其认知机制和规律influencesofEncouragingwordsonStudentsinHighSchoolclasses culturalElementsinchineseFilmSubtitlesandTheirTranslationStrategies浅析《德伯家的苔丝》中两位男主人公论身势语的跨文化交际应用商务信函翻译技巧初探哲学视角下的中英数字对比研究论幽默元素在《老友记》字幕中的翻译不同英汉颜色词的象征意义及其翻译融入与挑战——从生态角度看《老人与海》与《瓦尔登湖》金钱与婚姻—论《傲慢与偏见》中的婚姻价值与导向圣诞节对大学生的影响的调查研究传统美德与反传统个性的结合——《小妇人》中乔的形象分析顺应论视角中电影字幕汉英翻译研究——以李安电影作品字幕翻译为例浅析信用证认识上的误区及其避免途径TheStudyofHumorinTheadventuresofHuckleberryFinnfromthePerspective ofcooperativePrinciple从《喜福会》母女冲突看中美家庭教育差异试析索尔?贝娄《只争朝夕》中的犹太寻根主题目的论视角下公益广告的翻译cultureTeachingincollegeEnglishListeningclassrooms哥特小说的魅力——《红死魔的面具》美学研究PsychologicalanalysesofSetheinBeloved游戏在小学英语词汇学习中的运用SenseandSensibilityinJaneausten’sPersuasion从《爱玛》看简?奥斯丁的女性主义意识杰克?伦敦《野性的呼唤》中的生态主义conversationalHumorinamericanSitcoms——acaseStudyofTheBigBangT heory我对直译和意译的看法ananalysisofThecallofthewildfromthePerspectiveofExistentialism论自然主义在《野性的呼唤》中的体现功能对等理论下汉语新词英译研究TheStrategiesinc-Etranslationofchineseculturally-loadedwords奈达“功能对等”理论在中国电影片名英译中的运用分析acomparisonoftheEnglishcolorTerms浅析奥利奥品牌在国际营销中的跨文化策略onthecharacteristicsofdesertislandLiteraturefromLordoftheFlies 《论语》中“仁”的翻译研究（开题报告+论）金融英语的规范性及翻译策略研究中西方文化差异对代沟的不同影响研究关于非英语专业学生大学英语四级考试学习策略的研究论初中生英语学习资源策略培养基于中西文化差异的翻译策略研究BiblicalideasonwomenandSex aJourneythroughHarshReality:ReflectionsonGulliver’sTravels 从女性主义解读《芒果街上的小屋》论疯女人形象对小说简爱所作贡献语境策略在词汇学习中的有效性从弗洛伊德精神分析视角解读爱伦?坡的《黑猫》论艾略特《荒原》中的宗教信仰与价值观从语境视角看英译汉字幕翻译——以《梅林传奇》为例探寻《呼啸山庄》的道德意义跨文化意识在初中英语教材中的渗透浅谈英语习语中动物名称及翻译FeminisminTheawakening对《呼啸山庄》里所反映的人性的解读英汉禁忌语对比分析论西尔维娅?普拉斯诗歌中的死亡意象法语给英语带来的影响《野性的呼唤》中巴克形象分析试析英语广告中双关语的翻译浅析《墓园挽歌》中意象的变化nBa和cBa的文化差异分析以《喜福会》中的母女关系为例试析跨文化交际中的“失语”现象早期吸血鬼与现代影视作品中吸血鬼形象的对比试析《弗兰肯斯坦》中的哥特风格教师身势语在英语口语教学中的应用英汉状语语序修辞对比与翻译目的论视角下的广告翻译acomparisonoftheEnglishcolorTerms浅析艾米丽?迪金森诗歌的主题思想英汉同声传译技巧初探从《尼罗河上的惨案》看阿加莎?克里斯蒂小说的魅力和价值浅析英语新闻语篇中的语法隐喻《海狼》主人公汉弗莱?韦登成长新论探究瓦尔登湖的积极现实意义——倡导和谐生存发展模式功能对等理论视域下的商标名称汉译英语修辞的翻译方法试析英语中的性别歧视及去性别化改革从曼诺林角度研究圣地亚哥形象王尔德唯美主义对现代消费文化的启示－－以《道林格雷的画像》为例论《红字》中海丝特的女性身份重构车贴中的语言污染现象研究英语电影片名的汉译研究《马克?吐温—美国的镜子》中的中英文衔接手段的对比和翻译艾米丽?狄金森诗歌的心理分析从荣格的原型理论看《蝇王》中杰克的形象acomparisonoftheEnglishcolorTerms英汉情感隐喻认知对比分析二元对立模型在伍尔夫《达洛卫夫人》中的应用development,analysisandProspectofchinglish从毛姆《刀锋》看两次世界大战期间的知识分子形象美国校园俚语发展的促动因素看美国的自由精神英汉广告语篇中语法衔接手段对比研究简?奥斯丁的女权主义在《理智与情感》中的体现英汉颜色词的认知语义分析—以红色、黄色为例《爱玛》女主角爱玛伍德豪斯人物分析论英语称谓语中的性别歧视从《绝望的主妇》看美国的家庭观《黑暗之心》主人公马洛的性格分析中西方婚礼礼服颜色的对比研究对比哈利?波特与蜘蛛侠浅析英美英雄文化差异ananalysisoftheTranslationofFilmTitles onRelationshipBetweenmothers-and-daughters-in-Lawinchinaandthewest 英汉词汇及文化差异研究modernViewsonmarriagesinwutheringHeights交际式语言测试在初中英语课堂中的应用从文化的角度看颜色词在英汉两种语言中差异TheapplicationofRole-playinJuniormiddleSchoolEnglishTeaching简爱性格魅力分析从《男孩们女孩们》看身份问题对艾丽斯?门罗文学创作的影响英语运用中的歧义分析英语阅读理解中的若干信息处理手段社会因素对汉语中英语外来词的影响语言经济学视角下的商务英语信函写作中国现代散文风格精彩再现——评张培基教授《英译中国现代散文选》图式理论在英语阅读教学中的应用研究中英文颜色词的文化内涵及翻译从社会语言学的视角研究蔑视女性的词汇表达法浅析《弗兰肯斯坦》中怪物“善”与“恶”的转变ESa理论在大学英语口语教学中的运用浅析中西方颜色词所隐含的文化差异及翻译策略中英广告宣传方式的比较研究浅议英语情态动词“can”和汉语能愿动词“能”—以类型学为视角中国文学作品中的歇后语的英译-以红楼梦为例从电影《三傻大闹宝莱坞》看印度的社会问题《了不起的盖茨比》中盖茨比的美国梦的破灭acomparisonoftheEnglishcolorTerms论初中英语教学中的任务型教学法《了不起的盖茨比》中的象征主义英式英语和美式英语词汇对比研究试析中文歌曲汉英语码转换的形式与功能商务英语口译能力的培养与对策从关联理论视角看影视字幕翻译——结合美剧“绯闻少女”进行个案分析ananalysisofwomen’sStatusinPrideandPrejudice篇二：如何学好法律英语如何学好法律英语一、词典类1、Black’sLawdictionary(8th)9.5分2、《元照英美法词典》9分3、《牛津现代法律用语辞典》9.5分4、《牛津法律词典》9分5、《朗文法律词典》6、《韦氏法律词典》8分7、8、9、10、二、词语类1、《英汉汉英法律用语辩证词典》陈忠诚9分2、《法律英语核心术语：实务基础》9分3、《法律英语核心术语：实务高阶》9分4、《法律英语同义近义术语辨析和翻译指南》宋雷8分5、《悦读法律英语》陈忠诚7分6、《法窗译话》陈忠诚7分7、说下我的法律英语词汇书——《法律英语词汇——以美国法律为基础》三、翻译类1、《英汉法律翻译教程》孙万彪9.5分2、《汉英法律翻译教程》孙万彪3、4、5、《民法通则》aaa译本评析陈忠诚9分6、7、《新编英汉法律翻译教程》王道庚8分8、《法律文本与法律翻译》李克兴张新红7分9、《英文合同阅读与分析技巧》范文祥7分四、写作类1、《最新法律专业英语——读写全程点拨》何主宇8分2、《涉外法律函电英文写作范例》何主宇7.5分《法律英语：中英双语法律文书制作》陶博《法律英语：中英双语法律文书中的句法歧义》陶博Legalwriting哈格德《平易英文法律写作教程-课文与练习》(美)加纳《法律英文写作的第一本书》德沃斯基《法律推理与法律文书写作(结构策略风格)（第4版)小理查德•K•诺伊曼《法律文书写作之道》（英）科斯坦佐6分五、国外影印教材系列1、法律出版社，美国法精要系列2、武汉大学出版社，影印版法学基础系列3、武汉大学出版社，最新不列颠法律袖珍读本4、中信出版社，伊曼纽尔法律精要系列5、中信出版社，案例与解析影印系列6、中信出版社，案例教程影印系列7、中国方正出版社，美国法学院经典教材aSPEn释例系列8、中国人民大学出版社，民商法摘要影印注释本系列9、法律出版社，朗文培生法学基础系列六、国内教材系列七、7分以下的其他书籍1、2、3、4、5、6、《英文合同协议快易通》简新亚7分7、《英文合同》葛亚军6分8、《国际贸易英文合同文体与翻译研究》宋德文5分附录法律英语相关考试介绍法律英语、法律翻译培训简评篇三：法律英语翻译课程总结法律英语翻译课程总结转眼间，一个学期的法律英语翻译课程就要结束了。

法律英语词汇的特点及其翻译

法律英语词汇的特点及其翻译Ξ李　丽(三峡大学外国语学院教师　香港中文大学翻译系博士生　香港沙田)摘　要　法律文件的英汉翻译在中国发挥着越来越重要的作用。

本文从四个方面归纳法律英语词汇的特点,即专业性、正式性、客观性及准确性,并进一步探讨具体的法律词汇翻译的方法和对策。

关键词　法律翻译　法律词汇特点　翻译方法　翻译策略Abstract Translation of legal documents is now playing an ever -increasing role in China.This paper first surveys four primary characteristics of legal vocabulary ,namely ,professionalism ,formalism ,objectivity and exactitude ,followed by a presentation and discussion of s pecific strategies and methods of translating legal vo 2cabulary between English and Chinese.K ey Words Legal translation characteristics of legal vocabulary translation methods translation strate 2gies 随着中国加入WTO ,世界经济一体化,中国与世界的交往和联系越来越多。

法律文件的翻译将会在社会生活中扮演很重要的角色。

要做好法律文件的英汉翻译,我们必须了解法律英语的一些特点。

所谓法律英语,“是指法律界通用的书面英语(包括法律、法规、条例、规章、协定、判定和裁定等),尤其是指律师起草法律文件(合同、章程、协议、契约等)惯常使用的语言。

”[1]法律英语在词汇、句式等方面都有它自己的特点。

catti二级口译实务考试试题及答案解析

模考吧网提供最优质的模拟试题，最全的历年真题，最精准的预测押题！catti 二级口译实务考试试题及答案解析一、English-Chinese Translation （本大题2小题．每题25.0分，共50.0分。

Translate the following passage （s ） into Chinese ）第1题【正确答案】：答案:当前在中国，艾滋病毒和艾滋病被视为正在上升的一大威胁。

据中国官方估计，中国已有约84万人感染了艾滋病毒。

但截止2003年底，仅有62159人经检查确诊为艾滋病毒阳性，其余780000或更多的艾滋病毒阳性人员的情况并不为公共卫生部门所知，当事人自己对此或许也不清楚，这就构成了艾滋病毒进一步传播的重大危险。

中国资深官员和在华国际专家都认为，艾滋病毒在中国正从一些特定群体，如注射吸毒人员和卖淫人员，向普通人群扩散。

不过，中国在观念、政策和资源投入方面已取得了重要的进步。

新就任的领导人对改善社会福利，特别是处理艾滋病毒和艾滋病问题加大了投入。

中国对艾滋病问题做出了更加积极的反应，包括了实行全国性的救治计划。

新的方针鼓励“四免一关怀”，即对贫困患者药品免费，检查和治疗免费，防止母婴传染治疗免费，艾滋病孤儿上学免费，以及关怀感染艾滋病毒和艾滋病的家庭等。

中国的高级领导人还承诺执行减轻危害的政策，比如鼓励吸毒者使用安全套，针具以旧换新，以及进行美莎酮替代疗法等。

严峻的挑战还在前面，尽管中国已取得很多积极进展，但要战胜艾滋病，在政治、技术和标准方面还面临着十分艰巨的挑战。

就规划、成本、后勤、人力资源、技术能力以及艾滋病羞耻所引起的普遍问题来看，其规模之大，问题之严重，无论如何强调都不过分。

这里仅举几例：脆弱和不完整的全国性艾滋病毒检查和监测系统，破败而难以发挥作用的公共卫生系统，特别在农村地区，以及在为艾滋病毒和艾滋病感染者提供正常的诊断、咨询、救治、监测和照顾方面严重缺少合格工作人员，必要的设备和技术。

英汉对比法律语言学和一般法律语言学之间的差异

Common Forensic Linguistics
English-Chinese Contrastive Legal Linguistics
Researcher
Linguists, mainly based on Chinese linguists inChina.
English linguists acquainted with law
We shall apply those research results to the respect of legal English reading, Chinese-English and English-Chinese law translation theory and practice, legal English drafting, etc.
①Internal structure characteristics, and structure, ideographic approach, style, semanteme, and pragmatic features of legal language phenomenon;
②Source of legal language history and evolution regularity;
study areas
it should befalleninto categoryofJurisprudenceandLegal Hermeneutics.
it should befalleninto categoryofJurisprudenceandLegal Hermeneutics.
This subject focuses on thetheoretical study of English-Chinese Legal Linguistics. It takes language as the main part of research, and takes law as theconcretecontent of language expression.

法律英语的特点及翻译

法律英语的特点及翻译发布时间：2006-12-27 02:07 浏览次数：2326樊爱茹(包钢(集团) 公司办公厅，内蒙古包头014010)摘要：文章概括介绍了法律英语的主要特点，探讨了如何正确理解和翻译法律英语的方法。

关键词：法律英语；特点；翻译Characteristics and translation of legal EnglishFAN Ai - ru( General Office of Baotou Steel ( Group) Corporation, Baotou 014010, China)Abstract: The characteristics of legal English are briefly introduced and the methods of how to understand and translate it are discussed.Key words: legal English; characteristics; translation法律英语(Legal English) ，在英语国家中被称为Legal Language 或Language of the Law ，即法律语言，指表述法律科学概念及诉讼或非诉讼法律事务时所用的语种或某一语种的部分用语，它是以英语共同语为基础，在立法和司法等活动中形成和使用的具有法律专业特点的语言。

因此，在法律英语中不仅有众多具有法律专门意义的特殊词汇，而且由于规定人们权利和义务的法律、法令或契约等法律文书所表述的内容必须准确、严密、客观和规范，不容许丝毫的引伸、推理或抒发和表达感情，因而法律英语有其特有的风格，在翻译上也有其特有的方法和要求。

1、法律英语的特点法律英语作为一种具有规约性的语言的分支，有其独特的语言风格特点，包括：用词准确、句子结构复杂、具有特别的格式等，而其中最重要、最本质的特点就是用词准确。

法律词汇汉英互译

法律词汇汉英互译法律词汇汉英互译（一）案件case案件受理费litigation fee案由nature of case颁布issue颁布promulgate办案handle a case办理deal with包庇罪crime of concealing the murder保税区bonded area保险法insurance law保险凭证insurance certificate保证warranty保证guarantee保证金bail保证金margins保证金帐户margin account保证人，担保人guarantor保证书indemnity保证书covenant of warranty保证条款warranty保值利率inflation-proof interest rate被裁定为be adjudged to be从重处罚heavier punishment从重处罚severe punishment存款机构deposit-taking institution挫折frustration措词worded错漏error|mistake答复Reply批复Reply打官司initiate legal proceeding打击struggle against打假crack down on counterfeit goods打假办Office of Cracking down on Fake Products大厂回族自治县Dachang Hui Nationality Autonomous Region 大股substantial shareholder大股东控权人majority shareholder controller大化瑶族自治县Dahua Yao Nationality Autonomous County 大连市Daliang Municipality大律师barrister大律师的收费counsel's fees大律师登记册roll of baristers大律师公会Hong Kong Bar Association大律师见习职位pupillage被陈述人representee被告人辨解statement of the defendant驳回dismiss驳回reject驳回上诉reject an appeal补偿报酬compensatory payment不具有法律效力null不具有法律效力void不履行合同breach of contract不履行合约repudiation of the contract不名誉的行为及手法dishonourable conduct and practices不能成立unable to establish不时frequently不予支持unassisted不作为omission财产分割properties division财产所有权property right裁定ruling裁定order产权制度property order产权关系property relations撤消并发回给reversed and remanded to the original court陈述state承担assume承担责任to be responsible for承典人pledgee承典人pawnee承认confess城市住宅局City House Bureau出典人pledgor出典人pawnor出口退税制度the system of refunding taxes on exported goods 出口押汇bill purchased出资比例ratio of investments处罚penalty触犯violate传销pyramid selling串通collaborate从宽处理lenient punishment, liberal punishment从轻处罚lesser punishment从轻处罚lighter punishment从轻处罚impose a lenient sentence从轻原则the principle of lighter punishment从事commit大律师名册panels of counsels大律师事务所barristers' chambers, chambers of counsel大律师书记barrister's clerk律师行业the practice of law大批bulk代理检察员acting prosecutor代理人agent代理审判员acting judge代通知金payment in lieu of notice代销sales by proxy丹东市Dandong Municipality丹阳市Danyang Municipality单位entity unit单务合同unilateral contract担保guarantee担保人guarantor担保书certificate of guarantee但书proviso当事人litigant当事人起诉要求the litigants sue for党政分工division of labour between the Party and the government档案工作人员file clerk法律词汇汉英互译（二）盗窃枪支crime of stealing firearms and ammunition盗窃武器装备theft of military equipment道真仡佬族苗族自治县Daozheng Mulao Nationality Autonomous County 得到证实to be believed得利者beneficiary抵触contravene抵押mortgage抵押品pledge抵押物mortgage地方人民检察院Local People's Procuratorate地役权easement第二审判庭second tribunal第三者the third party第一审判庭first tribunal典当物pledge调查investigation调查报告investigation调查取证investigate and collect evidence调解mediate调解和强制措施mediation and enforcement measure调解书mediation agreement调解书字号Written Mediation No.订货合同卡片 a card of contract订立formation定案结论verdict定案理由reason for decision定金deposit定期减免所得税regular reduction of income tax定性determination on the nature丢弃waive东北人民政府Northeast People's Government东乡族自治县Dongxiang Nationality Autonomous County董事会board of directors动机intention, motive冻干健康人血浆frozen dry healthy human blood冻干血浆frozen dry blood plasma冻结freeze, suspend都安瑶族自治县Duan Yao Nationality Autonomous County毒品罪narcotic drug crime渎职罪crime of dereliction of duty独立的不法行为independent wrong独立个案individual cases独立核算工业企业independent accounting unit独立请求书independent claim独立审判independent adjudication断绝cease提出具体意见submit detailed opinions on对等原则principle of reciprocity对等原则并参照国际惯例the principle of reciprocity and in reference to the international practice对合同词句应当按照事情是有效的而不是无效的来理解verba ita sunt intelligenda ut res magis valeat gu am pareat对金钱借贷的规定regulations of money lending对滥用职权的法律补救legal remedy for abuses of power对立的一方opposite party对令状的发出作确认acknowledge the issue of the writ对上诉抗辩oppose an appeal对书面文件的词句应当按照对提出词句的当事人尤为不利的原则来解释verba chartarum fortius accipiuntu r contra proferentem对外经济法律顾问处Foreign Economic Legal Consultancy Office对外经济律师事务所foreign trade law firm对外经济贸易仲裁委员会Foreign Economic and Trade Arbitration Commission对外贸易经济合作部Ministry of Foreign Trade and Economic对物诉讼令状writ in rem对帐reconcile, reconciliation多边公约multilateral convention多边国际公约multi-latreal international conventions多分 a larger share多头long position, bull position多头仲裁multiple arbitration多于一名人士 2 or more persons多元立法体制plural legislative structure多元主义pluralism峨边彝族自治县Ebian Yi Nationality Autonomous County恩施土家族苗族自治县Enshi Tujia Nationality Miao Nationality Autonomous County 恩恤付款ex gratia payment二审second instance二审裁定书order of second instance二审法院Court of Second Instance二审判决书written order of Second Instance二者只能择其一the inclusion of one is the exclusion of the other发回重审remand a lawsuit for a new trial发货人consignor, shipper发生法律效力be legally effective发现discovery发行审核委员会the Issuance Examination Commission发展规划development plan罚款Fin法案bill法定部门statutory machinery法定代表律师Official Solicitor法定代表人legal representative法定代理人legal agent法定继承legal inheritance法定继承人legal heir法定监护人legal guardian法定期限time limit provided by law法定义务legal duty法定语言legal language法定主管当局statuory authority法官法judges law法官考评委员会committee for the examination and appraisal of judges法规laws and regulations法纪Law and Discipline法纪监督supervision over legal discipline法理背景jurisprudential background法理背景jurisprudential base法理学jurisprudence法令decree法律程序文件written process法律冲突conflict of laws法律服务所Legal Service Office法律概念legal concept法律顾问处Legal Consultant Office法律后果legal effect法律解释权power of law interpretation法律面前人人平等equality before the law合法的legitimate法律上的财产处分legal disposition of property法律上的能力legal capacity法律效果legal effect法律行律juristic act法律行为act under the law法律性legality法律性文献legal document法律虚无主义legal nihilism法律依据legal basis法律制裁legal sanctions法律制度structure of the law法人legal person法人代表legal representative法人单位legal entity法人委托书power of attorney法庭程序文件process of court法团公司incorporated company法系地区relevant law area法学派别School of Legal Scholare法学研究所Institute of Law法医medicolegal法院court法院组织法organic law of the courts法制委员会Commission on Legislation Affairs翻新revision反驳disprove反对通知书notice of objection反革命宣传煽动罪crime of counter revolutionary propaganda and incitement 反革命罪crime of counter-revolution反悔repudiate, resile反诉counter-claim反要约counter offer反走私anti-smuggling返还restitution返还性损害赔偿金restitutionary damages犯commit犯人convict犯罪分子offender犯罪客观方面objective aspect of crime犯罪客体object of crime犯罪事实particulars of offense犯罪心意mens rea犯罪行为actus reus犯罪中止discontinuation of a crime犯罪主观subject of crime犯罪主观方面subjective aspect of crime贩卖毒品crime of drug trafficking贩卖假药罪crime of selling bogus medicines贩卖淫秽物品罪crime of selling pornographic articles贩运伪造的国家货币罪crime of trafficking in counterfeit national currency 方便与公平的原则principles of convenience and fairness防城各族自治县Fangcheng Ge Nationality Autonomous County防止性禁制令prohibitory injunction妨碍pervert妨碍司法公正interfere with the course of justice妨碍司法公正obstruction of justice妨害公务罪crime of interference with public administration妨害公务罪crime of interference with state functions妨害社会管理秩序罪crime of disrupting the order of social administration 妨害他人婚姻家庭罪crime of disrupting marriage and the family房款凭证evidence of purchasing money for real estate房屋的产权property right in real estate房屋估价单home appraisal report房屋继承successor in title, transferee in real estate, transferee mottoes放火罪crime of arson放弃relinquish放弃waive放行条release pass非专业人士lay persons非法unlawful非法illegal非法查封unlawful foreclosure非法查封财产unlawfully seal up property非法逮捕, 拘禁或搜身unlawful arrest, detention, and search非法的告发wrongful prosecution非法的检举wrongful prosecution非法购买illegally purchasing非法拘禁罪crime of unlawful detention非法同居关系cohabiting unlawfully非法制造枪支及弹药罪crime of illegally manufacturing firearms and ammunition非法转让unlawful assign men非婚生子女illegitimate child诽谤defame法律词汇汉英互译（三）废除repeal分割partition分居live separate and apart分离severance分期付款installment payment分期付款by instalment分期支付by instalment分权共有人co-owner分权学说doctrine of separation of powers分摊apportion分租sub-lease纷争的解决settlement to disputes丰宁满族自治县Fengning Manchu Autonomous Region风险投资venture capital封宗法主意思想feudal legal thought佛山市Foshan Municipality否定repudiate否决权veto power否认deny否认立约non est factum夫妻spouse夫妻感情goodwill as between spouses夫妻共同所有财产joint property of the spouses夫妻关系spousal relationship夫妻关系中的子女 a child of a union of concubinage夫妻间有互相扶养的义务mutual obligation between spouses for maintenance of one another 夫妻名义pugitive spouses夫妻身份spousal relationship夫妻在婚姻关系存续期间while a spousal relationship subsists扶养的义务mutual maintenance support obligation扶养费maintenance符号sign福利社会welfare society福州市Fuzhou Municipality抚顺市Fushun Municipality抚养foster抚养费cost of maintenance抚养关系的继父子foster father and son relationship父母权parental right付购re-purchase付清余款paid the residual balance负责be responsible附带民事诉讼supplementary civil action附录Appendix附件Appendix附属公司subsidiary附属于collateral to阜新蒙古族自治县Fuxin Mongolia Autonomous Country 复合氨基酸compound amino acid复核审法院Court of Review复息compound interest复议review复员费decommission pay复员军人demobilized serviceman副检察长Deputy Chief Procuratoy富川瑶族自治县Fuchuan Yao Nationality Autonomous 改过自新remorse and reform盖章seal干部cadre干扰disturb干扰证人interfere with a witness干预intervention甘肃省Gansu Province肝炎hepatitis感化influence感情破裂loss of affection赣州市Ganzhou Municipality港币发行权authority to issue Hong Kong currency革委会revolutionary committee格式合同standard form of contract个人财产personal property个体户individual household个体劳动者所有权individual worker's ownership各级at different levels各级地方政府local government at several levels各尽所能from each according to his ability各省of all provinces给予assign给予适当的经济帮助render suitable financial assistance给予援助令状Writ of Assistance根本法律fundamental law根据成文法推定的默示条款terms implied by legislation根据法院判决推定的默示条款terms implied by courts根据惯例推定的默示条款terms implied by usage根据婚姻法的规定according to Marriage Law provisions更改alter更换replacement工矿产品合同试行条例The Trial Implementing Regulations on Contracts of Industrial and Mineral Produ ct工矿区industrial and mining district工农联盟Alliance of Workers and Peasants工商统一税unified industrial-commercial tax工作场所work place公检法机关organs of the public security, the procuracy and the court公安Public Security Officers公安部Ministry of Public Security公安部法规局The Bureau of Policies and Regulations of the Ministry of Public Security公安处Public Security Office公安机关Public Security Organs公安机关行政处罚决定Public Security Penalty Decision公安局Public Security Bureau公安派出所local police station公安人员Public Security Officers公共开支public expenditure公共性public character公共帐目的审计制度system for auditing public accounts公共政策public policy公共政策的原则principle of public policy公共秩序public order公共主管当局competent authority公积金public accumulation funds公检法public security organs, procuratorial organs and people's courts公开disclose公开聆讯方式public hearing公开审理public hearing公民citizen公民劳动义务civic duty to work公平fair公社commune公司enterprise公司存在期限duration of company公司章程Articles of Association公诉public prosecution公诉机关public prosecution organ公诉人public prosecutor公诉书bill of indictment公务人员public official公有制public ownership system公约国Convention country公约证明书Convention certificates公证承付notarial act of honour公证会计师办事处Notarial Accountants' Office公证机关notary public公证人public notary公证证明notarial certification公职public office公众假期public holiday公众假日public holiday公众利益public advantage供认confession供述confession供销合作社supply and marketing co-operative共负盈亏share profits and losses共谋collude共青团中央The Central Committee of the Communist Young League 共识政府Government by consensus共同被告人co-defendant共同财产common property共同犯罪joint offence共同纲领common programme共同权利 a joint right共同实施违法行为jointly committed the offence共同误解common mistake共同原告co-plaintiff共同债务joint debts共享软件shareware勾结collude构成要件constitutive requirements估计assess股东大会stock-holder meeting股份有限公司stock limited company固定资产fixed capital故意intention故意的动机intentional motive故意破坏公私财物罪crime of intentionally sabotaging public or private property故意杀人罪crime of intentional homicide故意伤害intentional injury故意伤害致人死亡intentional infliction of bodily injury resulting in a person's death 故意伤害致死罪crime of intentionally injuring another which resulted in death故意伤害罪crime of intentional injury故意投毒spreading poison with intent雇佣合同employment contract寡妇widow挂靠be subordinate to挂牌公司company-in-name拐卖人口罪crime of abducting and trafficking human beings关键pivotal issue关税壁垒customs barrier关系恶化worsening of relations关系过远remote关押custody关员级人员customs officer官僚主义bureaucracy官职public office管卡压interference, obstruction and oppression管理办法Administrative Measures行政措施Administrative Measures管辖范围scope of jurisdiction管辖权jurisdiction管有令状writ of possession管制control管制public surveillance管制regulate贯彻执行executed in fact广东省Guangdong Province广西壮族自治区Guangxi Zhuang Nationality Autonomous Region归还restitution规范regulate规则rule规章directive桂林市Guilin Municipality锅炉压力容器检验所Inspection Institution for Boiler Pressing Containers国防部Ministry of National Defense国防科学技术工业委员会National Defense Scientific Technological Industry国际供应合同international supply contract国际惯例international common practice国际惯例international practice国际海事卫星组织公约Convention on the International Maritime Satellite Organization国际私法private international law国际运输international transport国家安全局The State Administration of National Security国家版权局State Copyright Bureau国家保密局State Bureau of Protection of Confidential Documents国家编制委员会State Organization Commission国家标准局State Standard Bureau国家测绘局State Bureau of Surveying and Mapping国家城市建设总局State City Construction General Bureau国家出版局State Publication Bureau国家出入境检验检疫局The State Administration for Entry-Exit Inspection and Quarantine国家档案局State Archives Bureau国家地震局State Seismology Bureau法律词汇汉英互译（四）国家电力公司State Electric Power Corporation国家发展计划委员会State Development & Planning Commission国家防汛总指挥郭办公室State Flood Prevention General Command Office国家房管局State Housing Management Bureau国家纺织工业局State Administration on Textile Industry国家纺织工业局State Textile Industry Bureau国家工商行政管理局State Administration for Industry and Commerce国家公诉人State Prosecutor国家广播电影电视总局The State Broadcasting Film and Television Administration国家国防动员委员会National Defense Mobilization Commission国家国内贸易局State Administration for Domestic Trade国家国有资产管理局State State-owned Assets Administration Bureau国家海洋局State Oceanic Administration国家核安全局State Nuclear Safety Bureau国家环境保护总局State Environment Protection Administration国家黄金管理局State Gold Administration Bureau国家机关人民防空办公室State Organ People Air Defence Office国家机械工业局State Administration of Machinery Industry国家基本建设委员会State Infrastructure Commission国家计划生育委员会State Family Planning Commission国家计划委员会State Planning Commission国家计量局State Metrological Bureau机部机械设备成套总局General Office of Complete Set of Machinery of the First Machinery Industry Ministry of the State Construction Commission国家建筑材料工业局State Construction Materials Industry Administration国家教育委员会State Education Commission国家结构state structure国家进出口管理委员会State Import & Export Regulatory Commission国家进出口银行State Import & Export Bank国家禁毒委员会National Ban Drugs Commission国家经济贸易委员会State Economy & Trade Commission国家经济体制改革委员会State Commission for Restructuring Economy国家经济委员会State Economy Commission国家开发银行State Development Bank国家开发银行办公厅General Office of State Development Bank国家科委自然科学奖励委员会State Science Commission国家科学发明评选委员会State Science Commission Invent Selection Commission 国家科学技术委员会State Scientific and Technological Commission国家劳动总局State Labour Bureau国家粮食储备局State Grain Reserves Bureau国家林业局State Bureau of Forestry国家旅游局State Bureau of Tourism国家煤炭工业局State Coal Industry Administration国家密码管理委员会办公室State Secret code Regulatory Commission Office国家民族事务委员会State National Affairs Commission国家南极考察委员会National South Pole Investigation Commission国家能源投资公司State Energy Resources Investment Corporation国家能源委员会State Energy Resources Commission国家农业委员会State Agriculture Commission国家农业综合开发办公室State Agriculture Comprehensive Development Office 国家破产储量管理局State Minerals Reserves Administration Bureau国家器具state apparatus国家轻工业局State Light Industry Administration国家轻工业局State Light Industry Bureau国家人防委员会State People's Air Defense Commission国家人事局State Personnel Bureau国家商标局State Trademark Bureau国家商检局State Commodity Inspection Bureau国家石油和化学工业局State Petroleum and Chemical Industry国家水产总局State Aquatic Product General Bureau国家税务局National Taxation Head Office国家税务总局State Administration on Taxation国家所有权state ownership国家体育运动委员会State Physical Culture and Sports Commission国家体育总局State Administration of Sports国家统计局State Statistics Bureau国家土地State owned land国家土地管理局China Land Administration Bureau国家外国专家局State Foreign Expert Bureau国家外汇管理局State Foreign Exchange Administration Bureau国家文物局State Cultural Relic Bureau国家无线电管理委员会State Radio Regulatory Commission国家物价局State Price Control Bureau国家物资局State Commodities Bureau国家新闻出版署National News Publication Bureau (National Copyright Bureau)国家行政区域划分demarcation of national administrative zones国家行政学院Chinese Academy of Engineering Sciences国家烟草专卖局State Tobacco Monopoly Bureau国家药品监督管理局State Drug Administration国家冶金工业局State Metallurgical Industry Bureau国家邮政局State Post Office Bureau国家有色金属工业局State Non-Ferrous Metal Industry Bureau国家语言文字工作委员会State Language Affairs Commission国家知识产权局State Intellectual Property Bureau国家制度state system国家质量技术监督局State Bureau of Quality Technical Supervision国家中医药管理局State Chinese Medicine Administration Bureau国家主席President of the State国家自然科学基金委员会State Natural Science Funds Commission国家宗教事务局State Bureau of Religious Affairs国库券treasury bills国民政府National Government国体polity国土资源部Ministry of Natural Resources国务院State Council国务院Safety manufacture Commission of the State Council国务院办公厅General Office of the State Council国务院参事室Counsellor Office of the State Council国务院出版事业管理局Publication Cause Administration Bureau of the Council国务院电子振兴领导小组办公室Electronic Rejuvenation Leading Group Office of the State Council国务院发展研究中心The State Development Research Center国务院法制办Legal Affairs Office of the State Council国务院法制局Bureau of the Legislative Affairs under the State Council国务院扶贫开发办Aid-the-Poor Development Office of the State Council国务院港澳办Hong Kong and Macao Office of the State Council国务院工资制度改革小组Salary Reform Group of the State Council国务院关税税则委员会Customs tariff Commission of the State Council国务院环境保护领导小组Environment Protection Leading Group of the State Council国务院机关事务管理局Bureau of Institutional Affairs of the State Council国务院计划生育领导小组Family Planning Leading Group of the State Council国务院减轻企业负担部际联席会议Lighten the Burden on the CHINESE COMMUNIST PARTY国务院经法规研究中心Research Centre for Economic Legislation Under the State Council国务院经济法规研究中心Economic Law Research Center of the State Council国务院经济贸易办公室Economic and Trade Office of the State Council国务院纠正行业不正之风办公室Correcting Industrial Illegitimate Practice Office of the State Council国务院军队转业干部安置工作小组Demobilized Army Cadre Emplacement Leading Group of the State Council国务院科技干部局Science and Technology Cadre Bureau of the State Council国务院科技教育领导小组办公室Science and Technology Education Leading Group Office of the State Council 国务院口岸领导小组Port Leading Group of the State Council国务院农村发展研究中心Rural Development Research Center of the State Council国务院贫困地区经济开发领导小组Impoverished Area Economic Development Leading Group of the State Council国务院企业管理委员会Enterprise Regulatory Commission of the State Council国务院侨务办公室Oversea Chinese Affairs Office of the State Council国务院清产核资领导小组Liquidition and Assets Check Group of the State Council国务院清产核资领导小组办公室Liquidation Assets Check Leading Group Office of the State Council国务院清理三角债导小组Clearing "Chain Debts" Leading Group of the State Council国务院清理固定资产投资项目领导小组Liquidition Fixed Asset Investment Projects Leading Group of the State Council国务院三峡工程建设委员会Three Gorges Project Construction Commission of the State Council国务院三线建设调整改造规划办公室San Xian Construction Adjustment Reorganization Planning Office of the State Council国务院生产办公室Manufacture Office of the State Council国务院水土保持委员会Water Soil Conservation Commission of the State Council国务院税收财务物价大检查办公室) Taxation Accounting Commodity Price Examination Office of the State Council国务院台湾事务办公室Taiwan Affairs Office of the State Council国务院特区办公室Special Zone Office of the State Council国务院体制改革办公室System Reform Office of the State Council国务院统一着装管理委员会Uniform Regulatory Commission of the State Council国务院退伍军人和军队离退休干部安置领导小组Demobilized Soldier and Army Retired Cadre Emplacement Leading Group of the State Council国务院外事办Foreign Affairs Bureau of the State Council国务院稀土领导小组Rare-Earth Leading Group of the State Council国务院新闻办公室News Office of the State Council国务院信息化工作领导小组Information Work Leading Group of the State Council国务院学位委员会Academic Degree Commission of the State Council国务院证券委员会Securities Commission of the State Council国务院知青办Intellectual Young People Office of the State Council国务院知识产权办公会议办公室Intellectual Property Working Meeting Office of the State Council国务院住房制度改革领导小组Housing System Reform Leading Group of the State Council国有股state-owned shares国有股减持reduce state's stake in listed companies国债投资treasury bond investment国债专项资金special fund for treasury bond哈尔滨市Harbin Municipality海关法customs law海关税customs duties海关总署General Customs Administration海军司令部Commander Department of the Navy海事法院admiralty court海洋公约the Hague Convention含糊ambiguity邯郸市Handan Municipality汉族Han people合并merger合法lawful合法的房屋所有权legitimate land ownership right 合法继承人lawful successor合法权益lawful benefit合法权益lawful right合法收入legitimate income合法受让人lawful assignee合法性legality合肥市Hefei Municipality合伙生意partnership合计惩处aggregate punishment合理的reasonable合理的考虑reasonable contemplation合理的预见reasonable foresee ability合理期限reasonable time合理时限reasonable time法律词汇汉英互译（五）合理性方面的要求requirement of reasonableness 合理性要求requirement of reasonableness合谋conspire合谋诈骗conspiratorial swindling合适的处分appropriate penalty合适的处分just penalty合适人选fit person合同变更modification of contract合同当事人contracting parties合同当事人相互关系privity of contract合同法law of contract合同前仲裁pre-contract arbitration合同条款的分类classification of terms合同转让assignment of contract合议纪要summary of discussion合议庭Collegiate Bench合议制collegiate system合营期限duration of joint ventures合约contract合约一方party合约责任contractual obligation合作经营企业co-operative venture和解accord河北省高级人民法院High People's Court of Hebei Province核实verify核实证据verified evidence黑龙江省Heilongjiang Province横向关系horizontal relationship衡平法equity衡平法赋予的自由裁量权equitable discretion衡平法上的补救措施equitable remedy衡阳市Hengyang Municipality哄抢财产roaring seizure后法优于前法lex posterior derogat lex priori后果的严重程度severity of consequence后续条件condition subsequent呼和浩特市Huhehaote Municipality互免签证协议visa exemption agreement互相帮助assist each other互相抵押mutual security互相供养的责任感 a sense of mutual obligation to support one another 互相印证corroborate互选elect from among themselves互争权利诉讼interpleader proceedings户口尚未解决residence account in the city not yet properly arranged 华侨事务委员会Oversea Chinese Affairs Commission淮南市Huainan Municipality缓期执行suspension of execution缓刑suspended sentence患精神病mentally ill, psychologically ill恢复resume恢复行使主权resume the exercise of sovereignty挥霍浪费spendthrift挥霍浪费waste徽章honour回报return回报payoff回报率rate of return回避withdrawal回购协议repurchase agreement回扣commit悔改remorse悔改repent悔罪repentance汇票draft贿赂bribery惠州市Huizhou Municipality婚外性关系sexual relations outside marriage婚姻登记所Marriage Registration Office婚姻法marriage law婚姻基础basis for marriage婚姻授产协议marriage settlement混合饲料mixed provender货证bill of lading获得procurement机械工业委员会Machinery Industry Commission基本法Basic Law基本法律basic statute基本权利和义务fundamental rights and duties基本人权fundamental human rights基本性国家法律overriding national law基本政策fundamental policies基层公安机关grassroots public security agencies基层人民法院Basic People's Court基层人民法院副院长Basic People's Court vice-president基层人民法院院长Basic People's Court president缉私anti-smuggling及时promptness即此函达尚希见复为荷respectfully submitted for clearance极刑capital punishment集会结社assembly and association集体企业collectively owned enterprise集体所有collective ownership集体所有制单位unit under collective ownership集体土地collective-owned land计划经济planned economy计划生育family planning技术产权交易所technology equity market济南市Jinan Municipality济宁市Jining Municipality继承in succession继承纠纷succession dispute继承权right in succession继承人successor继承人多many successors and beneficiaries and not suitable for division 继承遗产take as a beneficiary under an estate继父母step parent继续进行to proceed继子女step-child寄递consignment寄养子女foster child寄运consignment加权平均值weighted average加重刑罚Aggravate Punishment佳木斯市Kiamusze Municipality家庭财产分割协议marriage settlement家庭成员family members家庭法family law家庭副业family sideline production假冒商标passing of trademark假冒商标罪crime of passing off trademarks假释parole假证据false evidence奸淫幼女罪crime of having sexual intercourse with a minor坚决要求firmly demanded间接法indirect rule兼容性compatibility监察部Ministry of Supervision监察局Supervisory Bureau监督supervise监护人guardian监内执行execution of punishment inside the prison监视surveillance监视居住residential surveillance监狱Prison and Detention houses减轻处罚reduced punishment减轻损失mitigation检查鉴定结论conclusion after examination检查员censor检察长chief procurator检察机关procuratorate检察人员procurator检察委员会Procuratorial Committee检察委员会会员Procuratorial Committee member检察委员会检察员Procuratorial Committee procurator检察委员会书记员Procuratorial Committee clerk检察委员会助理检察员Procuratorial Committee assistant procurator 检举accusation检控institute a public prosecution检验examination简单合同simple contract建筑许可证Construction Licence。

中国执业律师官方英译

中国执业律师官方英译China's Practicing Lawyers: Official English TranslationIntroduction:In recent years, China's legal system has undergone significant developments and reforms, leading to a rapidly growing legal profession. As part of this transformation, the role and responsibilities of practicing lawyers have become crucial in safeguarding the rights and interests of individuals and organizations. In this article, we will delve into the key aspects of China's practicing lawyers, including their qualifications, rights and obligations, and the challenges they face.Qualifications:To become a practicing lawyer in China, individuals must meet specific requirements set by the government. Firstly, they must possess a bachelor's degree in law from a recognized university or college. Additionally, they must pass the National Judicial Examination, which assesses their legal knowledge and professional competence. This rigorous examination evaluates candidates on various legal subjects, such as civil law, criminal law, administrative law, and economic law.Rights and Obligations:Once licensed, practicing lawyers in China enjoy certain rights and privileges. They have the right to represent clients in court proceedings and to provide legal counsel and advice. Lawyers also have the authority to draft legal documents, negotiate settlements, and participate in mediation and arbitration processes. Moreover, they can access relevant legal information and databases to enhance their legal analysis and interpretations.However, the rights of practicing lawyers in China are accompanied by a set of obligations. These include upholding professional ethics, maintaining confidentiality of client information, and diligently representing their interests. Lawyers are expected to act in the best interests of their clients, exercise due diligence, and provide competent legal services. It is also their responsibility to respect judicial decisions and promote the rule of law within society.Challenges and Opportunities:Despite the crucial role they play, practicing lawyers in China face various challenges. One significant challenge is the complex and evolving legal landscape. Rapid economic and societal changes inChina have led to a greater demand for legal services, requiring lawyers to constantly update their knowledge and skills. Additionally, regulatory barriers and bureaucratic procedures can hinder the efficient administration of justice.Another challenge is the pressure and interference lawyers may face when representing clients in politically sensitive cases. Some lawyers have reported instances of harassment, surveillance, and even disbarment for handling cases involving human rights, freedom of expression, or corruption. These obstacles threaten the independence and impartiality of the legal profession, highlighting the need for continued progress in protecting lawyers' rights.However, amidst these challenges, practicing lawyers in China also have significant opportunities. The growing demand for legal services, particularly from businesses and foreign investors, offers lawyers the chance to expand their client base and specialize in various areas of law. Introduction of online platforms and legal technology has facilitated access to legal information and improved efficiency in legal research, communication, and case management.Conclusion:China's practicing lawyers play a vital role in upholding the rule of law, protecting rights, and promoting justice. With the increased demand for legal services and the ongoing reforms in the legal profession, lawyers are facing a dynamic and evolving landscape. While challenges persist, opportunities abound for practicing lawyers to contribute to the development of China's legal system and ensure access to justice for all. The government must continue to support and protect the rights of lawyers, enabling them to fulfill their responsibilities and serve the public interest effectively.。

English-Chinese Legal Translation (I)

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中国执业律师 官方英译

中国执业律师官方英译