Unit 2 Introduction of American__ Culture and Society
美国浪漫主义时期诗歌
Chapter 2 Literature of American RomanticismA Brief IntroductionThe American Romantic period is considered one of the most important periods, the first literary Renaissance, in the history of American literature. It stretches from the end of the eighteenth century through the outbreak of the Civil War. It started with the publication of Washington Irving's The Sketch Book and ended with Whitman's Leaves of Grass.American romantic literature is best explained by referring to certain stirring events of American national history. Historically, it was the time of western expansion. The western boundary had reached to the Pacific by 1860; the number of states had increased from the original thirteen at the time of independence to twenty-one by the middle of the 19th century; its total population increased from four million people in 1790 to thirty million in 1860. Economically, the whole nation was experiencing an industrial transformation, which affected American people's lives. The growth of industrialization helped restructure economic life. The sudden influx of immigration gave a big push to the booming industry. Politically, democracy and political equality became the ideals of new nation, and the two-party system came into being. Literarily and culturally, the new nation needed to express its own experiences: their early Puritan settlements, their confrontations with the Indians, their frontiersmen's life, and the wild west. Besides, the ever-increasing numbers of newspapers, magazines, journals and books reviews provided a great market. All these produced a strong sense of optimism for American romanticism.This surging romanticism also had support abroad. In Europe, the Romantic Movement which had flourished earlier in the century both in England and Europe added incentive to the growth of Romanticists in America. The American writers who traveled to Europe and kept in touch with European Romanticism were greatly influenced. Washington Irving was the most important. The greatest benefit for Irving during his travels in Europe was his contact with Sir Walter Scott, one of the most important British writers of his period. Scott introduced Irving to the Tales of German Romances, upon which Irving wrote some of his best-known short stories. In addition, Scott's border tales and Waverley romances inspired such Americans as James Fenimore Cooper. The Gothic tradition and the cult of solitude and gloom came through interest in the works of writers like Mr. Radcliffe, E. T. A. Hoffman, James Thomson and the “graveyard” poets. Robert Burns and Byron both inspired and spurred the American imagination for lyrics and passion and despair. The impact of Wordsworth and Coleridge's Lyrical Ballads added, to some extent, to the nation's singing strength.American Romanticism was modeled on English and European works but exhibited from the very outset distinct features of its own. For instance, the American national experience of “pioneering” into the west proved to be a rich fount of material for American write rs to draw upon. Then, there is American Puritanism as a cultural heritage to consider. American moral values were essentially Puritan, and its influence over American Romanticism was conspicuously noticeable. American romantic authors tended more to moralize than their English and European brothers, and many American romantic writers intended to edify more than they entertained. Another thing merits attention with American Romanticism--the “newness” of America as a nation. The ideals of individualism and political equality, and the dream that America was to be a new Garden of Eden for man were distinctly American.As a result of the immerse influence of European Romanticism and the American writers' efforts in popularizing it, American Romanticism grew rapidly, bringing into American literature a swelling tide of newness, freedom, and individuality. Basically, Romanticism is often described as “emotion rather than reason, the heart opposed to the head,” as “imagination contrasted with reason and the sense of fact,” and as “a sense of mystery of the universe and the perception of its beauty.” They most highly value is originality and emotional sincerity.American Romanticism can be divided into two periods. The first period or the early National Period stretches from 1800 to 1830. During this period some American writers began to attract notice abroad. Although English literature was still influential, and was admired and followed, American writers began to use their own scene, their own culture, and their own history as the material in their writings. In this period, the important writers were Washington Irving, James Fenimore Cooper and William Cullen Bryant, who are seen as a trio, the first truly successful American writers. Irving's Sketch Book (1819-1820) is the first work by American writer to win financial success on both sides of the Atlantic Ocean.The second period stretches from 1830 to 1865, which has been called by some scholars the “American Renaissance”. Ralph Waldo Emerson's The American Scholar(1837) proved to be a declaration of American literature, in which he announced that: “Our day of dependence, our long apprenticeship to the learning of other lands, draws a close.” And he told his countrymen that: “We will walk on our own feet; we will work with our own hands; we will speak our own minds” Writers in this period can be divided into three groups: Transcendentalists, “brooding” Romantics and the Brahmins (literally, a member of the very highest caste of Hindu society). Although all of them share the general Romantic ideas, they each have their own special emphasis. Ralph Waldo Emerson and Henry David Thoreau were the spokesmen of transcendentalism. Edgar Allen Poe, Nathaniel Hawthorne and Herman Melville are called “broodings” or dissenters. T hey were filled with a deep awareness of the human capacity for evil. They stressed the presence of evil in the universe and rejected the philosophy of transcendentalism. Henry Wordsworth Longfellow, Oliver Wendell Holmes, and James Russell Lowell are the three Brahmins, the members of the genteel school. They were, to some degree, New England aristocrats, socially important men for whom literature was an accomplishment as well as a vocation. It should be pointed out that John Whittier and Emily Dickinson fall outside the classification.With Ralph Waldo Emerson's Nature published in 1836, Romanticism came to its climax, Transcendentalism, or New England Transcendentalism.The actual term was coined by opponents of the movement, but accepted by its members, one of whom was Ralph Waldo Emerson, who published Transcendentalism in 1841. The group also included social reformers. Some of the famous members include Bronson, Alcott, Thoreau and Hawthorne.Transcendentalism was a movement among young intellectuals in Boston in the 1830's. They formed themselves into an informal club: the Transcendentalist Club. They edited a journal—The Dial, to voice their opinions. Transcendentalism was, in essence, romantic idealism on Puritan thoughts. It was a system of thought that originated from three sources. First, it is from William Ellery Channing's Unitarianism. Channing (1780 - 1842) represented a thoughtful revolt against orthodox Puritanism. Unitarianism believed God was one being, and gave each congregation free control of its own affairs and its own independent authority. It laid the foundation for the central doctrines of transcendentalism. Secondly, the idealistic philosophers' influence from England,France and Germany, such as Wordsworth Longfellow, Coleridge, Carlyle Kant, Hegel, Schelling, Goethe, Richter, and Herder, exerted enormous impact on American transcendentalists. Thirdly, the ancients: the Greek philosophers, especially Plato, the Neoplatonists, the Christian mystics from the Middle Ages to Swedenborg, the Hindu wisdom of the age-old V edas, and Chinese classics. As a result, New England Transcendentalism blended native American tradition with foreign influence.Basically religious, transcendentalism emphasized the importance of the individual conscience, and the value of intuition in matters of moral guidance and inspiration.James Russell Lowell (1819-1891)James Russell Lowell was an American Romantic poet, critic, editor, and diplomat. He is associated with the Fireside Poets, a group of New England writers who were among the first American poets who rivaled the popularity of British poets. These poets usually used conventional forms and meters in their poetry, making them suitable for families entertaining at their fireside. Lowell graduated from Harvard College in 1838, despite his reputation as a troublemaker, and went on to earn a law degree from Harvard Law School. He published his first collection of poetry in 1841 and married Maria White in 1844. He and his wife had several children, though only one survived past childhood. The couple soon became involved in the movement to abolish slavery, with Lowell using poetry to express his anti-slavery views and taking a job in Philadelphia, Pennsylvania as the editor of an abolitionist newspaper. After moving back to Cambridge, Lowell was one of the founders of a journal called The Pioneer, which lasted only three issues. He gained notoriety in 1848 with the publication of A Fable for Critics, a book-length poem satirizing contemporary critics and poets. The same year, he published The Biglow Papers, which increased his fame. He would publish several other poetry collections and essay collections throughout his literary career.Maria White died in 1853, and Lowell accepted a professorship of languages at Harvard in 1854. He traveled to Europe before officially assuming his role in 1856; he continued to teach there for twenty years. He married his second wife, Frances Dunlap, shortly thereafter in 1857. That year Lowell also became editor of The Atlantic Monthly. It was not until 20 years later that Lowell received his first political appointment: the ambassadorship to Spain and, later, to England. He spent his last years in Cambridge, in the same estate where he was born, where he also died in 1891.Lowell believed that the poet played an important role as a prophet and critic of society. He used poetry for reform, particularly in abolitionism. However, Lowell's commitment to the anti-slavery cause wavered over the years, as did his opinion on African-Americans. Lowell attempted to emulate the true Yankee accent in the dialogue of his characters, particularly in The Biglow Papers. This depiction of the dialect, as well as Lowell's many satires, were an inspiration to writers like Mark Twain and H. L. Mencken.Henry W adswoth Longfellow (1807-1882)Henry Wadsworth Longfellow was an American poet and educator whose works include Paul Revere's Ride, The Song of Hiawatha, and Evangeline. He was also the first American to translate Dante Alighieri's The Divine Comedy and was one of the five Fireside Poets.Longfellow was born in Portland, Maine, then part of Massachusetts, and studied at Bowdoin College. After spending time in Europe he became a professor at Bowdoin and, later, at HarvardCollege. His first major poetry collections were Voices of the Night (1839) and Ballads and Other Poems (1841). Longfellow retired from teaching in 1854 to focus on his writing, living the remainder of his life in Cambridge, Massachusetts, in a former headquarters of George Washington. His first wife, Mary Potter, died in 1835 after a miscarriage. His second wife, Frances Appleton, died in 1861 after sustaining burns from her dress catching fire. After her death, Longfellow had difficulty writing poetry for a time and focused on his translation. He died in 1882.Longfellow predominantly wrote lyric poems which are known for their musicality and which often presented stories of mythology and legend. He became the most popular American poet of his day and also had success overseas. He has been criticized, however, for imitating European styles and writing specifically for the masses.A Psalm of LifeTell me not in mournful numbers,Life is but an empty dream!For the soul is dead that slumbers,And things are not what they seem.Life is real! Life is earnest!And the grave is not its goal;Dust thou are, to dust thou returnest,Was not spoken of the soul.Not enjoyment, and not sorrow,Is our destined end or way;But to act, that each tomorrowFind us farther than today.Art is long, and Time is fleeting,And our hearts, though stout and brave,Still, like muffled drums, are beatingFuneral marches to the grave.In the world's broad field of battle,In the bivouac of Life,Be not like dumb, driven cattle!Be a hero in the strife!Trust no Future, howe'er pleasant!Let the dead Past bury its dead!Act, - act in the living Present!Heart within, and God o'erhead!Lives of great men all remind usWe can make our lives sublime,And, departing, leave behind usFootprints on the sand of time;Footprints, that perhaps another,Sailing o'er life's solemn main,A forlorn and shipwrecked brother,Seeing, shall take heart again.Let us then be up and doing,With a heart for any fate;Still achieving, still pursuing,Learn to labor and to wait.Notes:1.This poem was published in “V oices of the Night”. In nine quartrains of alternately rimedtrochaic tetrameters, this popular didactic piece stresses the importance of a full and sincere acitivity in making the most of life‟s brief span, rather than succumbing to moods of vain regret or dejection. The poem established the familiar Longfellow‟s pattern of clear, felicitous expression of common ideas, melodioally encouraging memorization.2.numbers: meters, rhythms3.For the soul/ not what they seem: the temporary body of human being dies, but the soulnenver dies. When wer a re doning things of no miportance, we say the soul slumbers. “The soul is dead…” the poet means that when we are hopeless.4.Dust thou art, to dust returnest: see Holy Bible, The Old Testament, Genesis, chap.2 sec. 7.“And the Lord God formed man of the dust of the ground, and breathed into his nostril the breath of life; and man became a living soul”.5.Art is lo ng, and time is fleeting: Chaucer‟s “ The Parliament of Fowls”, line 1. “ the life soshort, the craft so long to learn.”6.funeral marches: some pieces of music played in a funeral service.7.sands of time: moments in time (as measured by sand in an hour-glass).8.main: the sea (poetic diction).9.take heart: to gain courage.W alt Whitman (1819-1892)Born on May 31, 1819, Walt Whitman was the second son of Walter Whitman, a housebuilder, and Louisa V an V elsor. The family, which consisted of nine children, lived in Brooklyn and Long Island in the 1820s and 1830s.At the age of twelve, Whitman began to learn the printer's trade, and fell in love with the written word. Largely self-taught, he read voraciously, becoming acquainted with the works of Homer, Dante, Shakespeare, and the Bible.Whitman worked as a printer in New Y ork City until a devastating fire in the printing district demolished the industry. In 1836, at the age of 17, he began his career as teacher in the one-room school houses of Long Island. He continued to teach until 1841, when he turned to journalism as a full-time career.He founded a weekly newspaper, Long-Islander, and later edited a number of Brooklyn and New Y ork papers. In 1848, Whitman left the Brooklyn Daily Eagle to become editor of the New Orleans Crescent. It was in New Orleans that he experienced at first hand the viciousness of slavery in the slave markets of that city. On his return to Brooklyn in the fall of 1848, he founded a “free soil” newspaper, the Brooklyn Freeman, and continued to develop the unique style of poetry that later so astonished Ralph Waldo Emerson.In 1855, Whitman took out a copyright on the first edition of Leaves of Grass, which consisted of twelve untitled poems and a preface. He published the volume himself, and sent a copy to Emerson in July of 1855. Whitman released a second edition of the book in 1856, containing thirty-three poems, a letter from Emerson praising the first edition, and a long open letter by Whitman in response. During his subsequent career, Whitman continued to refine the volume, publishing several more editions of the book.At the outbreak of the Civil War, Whitman vowed to live a “purged” and “cleansed” life. He wrote freelance journalism and visited the wounded at New Y ork-area hospitals. He then traveled to Washington, D.C. in December 1862 to care for his brother who had been wounded in the war. Overcome by the suffering of the many wounded in Washington, Whitman decided to stay and work in the hospitals and stayed in the city for eleven years. He took a job as a clerk for the Department of the Interior, which ended when the Secretary of the Interior, James Harlan, discovered that Whitman was the author of Leaves of Grass, which Harlan found offensive. Harlan fired the poet.Whitman struggled to support himself through most of his life. In Washington, he lived on a clerk's salary and modest royalties, and spent any excess money, including gifts from friends, to buy supplies for the patients he nursed. He had also been sending money to his widowed mother and an invalid brother. From time to time writers both in the states and in England sent him “purses” of money so that he could get by.In the early 1870s, Whitman settled in Camden, NJ, where he had come to visit his dying mother at his brother's house. However, after suffering a stroke, Whitman found it impossible to return to Washington. He stayed with his brother until the 1882 publication of Leaves of Grass gave Whitman enough money to buy a home in Camden.In the simple two-story clapboard house, Whitman spent his declining years working on additions and revisions to a new edition of the book and preparing his final volume of poems and prose, Good-Bye, My Fancy (1891). After his death on March 26, 1892, Whitman was buried in a tomb he designed and had built on a lot in Harleigh Cemetery.Whitman‟s poetry is democ ratic in both its subject matter and its language. As the great lists that make up a large part of Whitman‟s poetry show, anything—and anyone—is fair game for a poem. Whitman is concerned with cataloguing the new America he sees growing around him. Just as America is far different politically and practically from its European counterparts, so too must American poetry distinguish itself from previous models. Thus we see Whitman breaking new ground in both subject matter and diction.In a way, though, Whitman is not so unique. His preference for the quotidian links him with both Dante, who was the first to write poetry in a vernacular language, and with Wordsworth, who famously stated that poetry should aim to speak in the “language of ordinary men.” Unlike Wordsworth, however, Whitman does not romanticize the proletariat or the peasant. Instead he takes as his model himself. The stated mission of his poetry was, in his words, to make “anattempt to put a Person, a human being (myself, in the latter half of the 19th century, in America) freely, fully, and truly on record.” A truly democratic poetry, for Whitman, is one that, using a common language, is able to cross the gap between the self and another individual, to effect a sympathetic exchange of experiences.This leads to a distinct blurring of the boundaries between the self and the world and between public and private. Whitman prefers spaces and situations—like journeys, the out-of-doors, cities—t hat allow for ambiguity in these respects. Thus we see poems like “Song of the Open Road“ and “Crossing Brooklyn Ferry,” where the poet claims to be able to enter into the heads of others. Exploration becomes not just a trope but a mode of existence.For Whitman, spiritual communion depends on physical contact, or at least proximity. The body is the vessel that enables the soul to experience the world. Therefore the body is something to be worshipped and given a certain primacy. Eroticism, particularly homoeroticism, figures significantly in Whitman‟s poetry. This is something that g ot him in no small amount of trouble during his lifetime. The erotic interchange of his poetry, though, is meant to symbolize the intense but always incomplete connection between individuals. Having sex is the closest two people can come to being one merged individual, but the boundaries of the body always prevent a complete union. The affection Whitman shows for the bodies of others, both men and women, comes out of his appreciation for the linkage between the body and the soul and the communion that can c ome through physical contact. He also has great respect for the reproductive and generative powers of the body, which mirror the intellect‟s generation of poetry.The Civil War dimini shed Whitman‟s faith in democratic sympathy. While the cause of the war nominally furthered brotherhood and equality, the war itself was a quagmire of killing. Reconstruction, which began to fail almost immediately after it was begun, further disappointed Whitman. His later poetry, which displays a marked insecurity about the place of poetry and the place of emotion in general (see in particular “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom‟d“), is darker and more isolated.Whitman‟s style remains consistent throughout, however. The poetic structures he employs are unconventional but reflect his democratic ideals. Lists are a way for him to bring together a wide variety of items without imposing a hierarchy on them. Perception, rather than analysis, is the basis for this kind of poetry, which uses few metaphors or other kinds of symbolic language. Anecdotes are another favored device. By transmitting a story, often one he has gotten from another individual, Whitman hopes to give his readers a sympathetic experience, which will allow them to incorporate the anecdote into their own history. The kind of language Whitman uses sometimes supports and sometimes seems to contradict his philosophy. He often uses obscure, foreign, or invented words. This, however, is not meant to be intellectually elitist but is instead meant to signify Whitman‟s status as a unique individual. Democracy does not necessarily mean sameness. The difficulty of some of his language also mirrors the necessary imperfection of connections between individuals: no matter how hard we try, we can never completely understand each other. Whitman largely avoids rhyme schemes and other traditional poetic devices. He does, however, use meter in masterful and innovative ways, often to mimic natural speech. In these ways, he is able to demonstrate that he has mastered traditional poetry but is no longer subservient to it, just as democracy has ended the subservience of the individual.Whitman‟s po etry reflects the vitality and growth of the early United States. During the nineteenth century, America expanded at a tremendous rate, and its growth and potential seemedlimitless. But sectionalism and the violence of the Civil War threatened to break apart and destroy the boundless possibilities of the United States. As a way of dealing with both the population growth and the massive deaths during the Civil War, Whitman focused on the life cycles of individuals: people are born, they age and reproduce, and they die. Such poems as “When Lilacs Last in the Doory ard Bloom‟d” imagine death as an integral part of life. The speaker of “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom‟d” realizes that flowers die in the winter, but they rebloom in the springtime, and he vows to mourn his fallen friends every year just as new buds are appearing. Describing the life cycle of nature helped Whitman contextualize the severe injuries and trauma he witnessed during the Civil War—linking death to life helped give the deaths of so many soldiers meaning.Throughout his poetry, Whitman praised the individual. He imagined a democratic nation as a unified whole composed of unique but equal individuals. “Song of Myself” opens in a triumphant paean to the individual: “I celebrate myself, and sing myself” (1). Elsewhere the speaker of that exuberant poem identifies himself as Walt Whitman and claims that, through him, the voices of many will speak. In this way, many individuals make up the individual democracy, a single entity composed of myriad parts. Every voice and every part will carry the same weight within the single democracy—and thus every voice and every individual is equally beautiful. Despite this pluralist view, Whitman still singled out specific individuals for praise in his poetry, particularly Abraham Lincoln. In 1865, Lincoln was assassinated, and Whitman began composing several elegies, including “O Captain! My Captain!” Although all individuals were beautiful and worthy of praise, some individuals merited their own poems because of their contributions to society and democracy.Whi tman‟s poetry revels in its depictions of the human body and the body‟s capacity for physical contact. The speaker of “Song of Myself” claims that “copulation is no more rank to me than death is” (521) to demonstrate the naturalness of taking pleasure in t he body‟s physical possibilities. With physical contact comes spiritual communion: two touching bodies form one individual unit of togetherness. Several poems praise the bodies of both women and men, describing them at work, at play, and interacting. The s peaker of “I Sing the Body Electric” (1855) boldly praises the perfection of the human form and worships the body because the body houses the soul. This free expression of sexuality horrified some of Whitman‟s early readers, and Whitman was fired from his job at the Indian Bureau in 1865 because the secretary of the interior found Leaves of Grass offensive. Whitman‟s unabashed praise of the male form has led many critics to argue that he was homosexual or bisexual, but the repressive culture of the nineteenth century prevented him from truly expressing those feelings in his work.Many of Whitman‟s poems rely on rhythm and repetition to create a captivating, spellbinding quality of incantation. Often, Whitman begins several lines in a row with the same word or phrase, a literary device called anaphora. For example, the first four lines of “When I Heard the Learn‟d Astronomer” (1865) each begin with the word when. The long lines of such poems as “Song of Myself” and “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom‟d” fo rce readers to inhale several bits of text without pausing for breath, and this breathlessness contributes to the incantatory quality of the poems. Generally, the anaphora and the rhythm transform the poems into celebratory chants, and the joyous form and structure reflect the joyousness of the poetic content. Elsewhere, however, the repetition and rhythm contribute to an elegiac tone, as in “O Captain! My Captain!” This poem uses short lines and words, such as heart and father,to mournfully incant anelegy for the assassinated Abraham Lincoln.Throughout Whitman‟s poetry, plant life symbolizes both growth and multiplicity. Rapid, regular plant growth also stands in for the rapid, regular expansion of the population of the United States. In “When Lilacs Last in the Dooryard Bloom‟d,” Whitman uses flowers, bushes, wheat, trees, and other plant life to signify the possibilities of regeneration and re-growth after death. As the speaker mourns the loss of Lincoln, he drops a lilac spray onto the coffin; the act of laying a flower on the coffin not only honors the person who has died but lends death a measure of dignity and respect. The title Leaves of Grass highlights another of Whitman‟s themes: the beauty of the individual. Each leaf or blade of grass possesses its own distinct beauty, and together the blades form a beautiful unified whole, an idea Whitman explores in the sixth section of “Song of Myself.” Multiple leaves of grass thus symbolize democracy, another instance of a beautiful whole composed of individual parts. In 1860, Whitman published an edition of Leaves of Grass that included a number of poems celebrating love between men. He titled this section “The Calamus Poems,” after the phallic calamus plant.Whitman‟s interest in the self ties into his praise of the individual. Whitman links the self to the conception of poetry throughout his work, envisioning the self as the birthplace of poetry. Most of his poems are spoken from the first person, using the pronoun I. The speaker of Whitman‟s most famous poem, “Song of Myself,” even assumes the name Walt Whitman, but nevertheless the speaker remains a fictional creation employed by the poet Whitman. Although Whitman borrows from his own autobiography for some of the speaker‟s experiences, he also borrows many experiences from popular works of art, music, and literature. Repeatedly the speaker of this poem exclaims that he contains everything and everyone, which is a way for Whitman to reimagine the boundary between the self and the world. By imaging a person capable of carrying the entire world within him, Whitman can create an elaborate analogy about the ideal democracy, which would, like the self, be capable of containing the whole world.Song of Myself(Excerpt)1I celebrate myself, and sing myself,And what I assume you shall assume,For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you.I loafe and invite my soul,I lean and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.My tongue, every atom of my blood, form'd from this soil, this air,Born here of parents born here from parents and their parents the same,I, now thirty-seven years old in perfect health begin,Hoping to cease not till death.Creeds and schools in abeyance,Retiring back a while sufficed at what they are, but never forgotten,I harbor for good or bad, I permit to speak at every hazard,Nature without check with original energy.2Houses and rooms are full of perfumes, the shelves are crowded with perfumes,。
《英语国家概况》Unit 2 American History课件
乔治·华盛顿（George Washington， 1732年2月22日 --- 1799年12月14日） 美国第一任总统，被尊称为美国国父， 1793年连任，在两届任期结束后， 他自愿放弃权力不再续任，隐退于弗 农山庄园。华盛顿学者们则将他和 亚伯拉罕·林肯并列为美国历史上 最伟大的总统。
be distributed, several dozen Boston residents boarded the ship at night and threw $75,000 worth of tea into the harbor. This came to be known as the “Boston Tea Party”. • The start of the war • In 1775, about 1,000 British soldiers were sent from Boston to seize the military supplies of the American militia. When they arrived at Lexington they were met by the armed militiamen. Suddenly a shot was fired and the War of Independence began.
and Grievances
The second Continental Congress 1775
Date: May, 1775
Place: Philadelphia
Result: The Congress founded a Continental Army under the command of George Washington. The Declaration of
unit2 American Character
The Puritan theology To say Puritanism lay
foundation of American culture,
then we have to study The Puritan theology: They believe the basic sinfulness(有罪) of humankind; but it also that God had determined that some people, the elect, would be saved despite their sins. The Puritans who regard themselves the elect
Байду номын сангаас
1. Individualism
Protestanism Belief: ― the battle of self-realization is the fundamental right for each believer of God. There should be no binding for freedom, no fastening for quality, no suppression of individualism‖.
Before You Read Pick out three qualities you associate most with Americans
Energetic honest industrious sophisticated intelligent friendly greedy inventive rude adventurous extroverted(外向性的,喜社交的) introverted(内向的,含蓄的) fast-paced out-going modest reserved(内向的；寡言少语的) self-reliant aggressive materialistic romantic optimistic
人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册精品课件 Unit 3 Section A
4.What does the author find from eating dumplings in Shandong? A.Dumplings have to be eaten with vinegar. B.Dumplings are the most popular in Shandong. C.Everyone in Shandong can make dumplings. D.Making dumplings is a family gathering. 答案 D
lamb
elegant
exceptional
单元 语言 必背
素养 能力 单词
目标
minimum ham canteen
consume sausage cafeteria
garlic cabbage pork
bacon dessert somewhat
madam
calorie
association
regardless
Chinese green onions.
Northwest The traditional foods are usually boiled or 8._r_o_a_s_te_d___ meat,such
China South
as lamb kebab. We experienced Guangdong’s 9. elegant dim sum—small
目标
能够按照时间和地域线索梳理文本信息,培养提取、概括和分析
信息的能力
思维 能够理解语篇上下文的因果关系,发展逻辑思维能力
品质 能够充分关注中外饮食文化的差异与融通,从多元文化视角观察
和认识世界
能够充分发挥创造性思维,设计一个新的餐馆
新编英美文化视听说教程 unit 2
主流文化二：开拓创新精神
美国人还善于用最简练的缩写形式表示比较复杂的概念。如: O.K.→all correct (很好) P.D.Q→pretty damn quick (立刻) VIP→very important person (大人物) WASP→White Anglo-Saxon Protestant (白人盎格鲁—萨克逊新教徒) 美国人也有专门的词汇来表达他们对开拓创新精神的推崇。expansion(扩 张)、frontier(拓荒者)、pioneering spirit(开拓精神)等词是对这种精神的精 确描写。美国人的开拓求新的性格还表现在他们流动性极大的生活方式上 。以下的习惯表达法体现了他们“流动的”(mobile)性格: jobs with upward mobility (有提升机会的工作) have a change (或shift) in one’s residence or job (换个住所或工作) move about(或around) (不断搬家或换工作) throw up one’s job (放弃原有的工作) take up a new job (开始新的工作) transfer to another residence (搬家) try a country life (尝试田园生活) try a new job (尝试一个全新的工作)
主流文化二：开拓创新精神
美国的新教文化传统推崇开拓创新的勇气和积极进取的精神。美国人因此 形成了一种不愿受条条框框束缚、不断求变的性格。这种追求新奇和勇于 冒险开拓的精神使得美国对新鲜事物的创造和流传之快是世界上别的国家 所无法相比的。这首先体现为新词汇的大量快速的出现和语言形式的独创 。美国人结合时代创造的新词数不胜数,其中90年代的就有:Bushnism(布 什主义)、Clintonism (克林顿主义)、Clintonize(克林顿化)、Clintonmania( 克林顿狂)、Bushnomics(布什经济政策)、wigger (white +nigger)(接受黑 人文化的白人)等。
人教版高中英语选择性必修第二册精品课件 Unit 5 Section C
5.practical adj.切实可行的;实际的;实践的→ practically adv.实际地
→ practice n.&v.实践;练习
6.tight adj.牢固的;紧身的;绷紧的;严密的 adv.紧紧地;牢固地
→ tightly adv.紧紧地;牢固地;紧密地
7.justify n.证明……有道理;为……辩护;是……的正当理由
3.Which of the following statements is TRUE? A.Zhang Tao was having dinner by himself. B.Chen Wei and Zhang Tao’s friends rescued Zhang Tao together. C.The ambulance came and took Zhang Tao to hospital. D.It is difficult to do the Heimlich manoeuvre.
答案 B
Step Three Post-reading
Ⅰ.课文语篇填空 One day Chen Wei was having dinner at a restaurant when he heard
someone 1. screaming .At another table,a man called Zhang Tao was 2. choking and his friends were 3. slapping him on the back.Seeing this,Chen ran to Zhang.He 4. helped him to his feet and performed the Heimlich manoeuvre,which is easy to learn but it’s quick and 5. practical . When you perform the Heimlich manoeuvre,you should stand behind the man and 6. wrap your arms around his waist.Make a fist with one hand and place it in the 7. upper part of his stomach.Grabbing your fist with your
Unit 2 教参 Two Kinds
Unit 2 Two KindsI. Introduction of the authorAmy Tan (born February 19, 1952) is an American writer whose works explore mother-daughter relationships. Her most well-known work is The Joy Luck Club, which has been translated into 35 languages. In 1993, the book was adapted into a commercially successful film.Tan has written several other bestselling novels, including The Kitchen God's Wife, The Hundred Secret Senses, The Bonesetter's Daughter and Saving Fish from Drowning. She also wrote a collection of non-fiction essays entitled The Opposite of Fate: A Book of Musings. Her most recent novel Saving Fish from Drowning explores the tribulations experienced by a group of people who disappear while on an art expedition in the jungles of Burma. In addition to these, Tan has written two children's books: The Moon Lady(1992) and Sagwa, the Chinese Siamese Cat(1994), which was turned into an animated series which aired on PBS. She also appeared on PBS in a short spot encouraging children to write. Tan is also in a band with several other well-known writers, the Rock Bottom Remainders.II. The theme of the textThe mother attempts to change her daughter into a prodigy and the daughter resists to such change. The story represents a bittersweet relationship between mother and daughter and also a sharp conflict between two generations and even two cultures. III Structure of the textPart I The beginning of the story (Para.1-2)Main idea: It explains the high expectations of the mother to her daughter,which paves the way of the conflicts rising between mother and daughter.Part II The development of the story (Para. 3-89)Subsection One (Para. 3-10)Main idea: At first, the mother attempted to change the daughter into a Chinese Shirley Temple and failed. The daughter actually was excited inthe beginning and there were no obvious conflicts between mother anddaughter.Subsection Two (Para. 11-19)Main idea: The mother tried her best to train her daughter into differentprodigies. The daughter, however, lost her interest and decided “never lether change me, I won't be what I'm not.” The conflicts between mother anddaughter gradually developed.Subsection Three (Para. 20-27)Main idea: After watching a Chinese girl playing piano on the EdSullivan Show on TV, the mother decided to let her daughter learn to playpiano.Subsection Four (Para. 28-45)Main idea: The daughter was forced to learn the piano under a retireddeaf musician, Old Chong. After hearing her mother’s brag, the daughterdecided to put a stop to her foolish pride. And the conflicts betweenmother and daughter developed further.Subsection Five (Para. 46-60)Main idea: There was a talent show in the church and the daughter wassupposed to make a performance, which turned out to be a completefailure. Instead of shouting and cursing, the mother was unexpectedlycalm, as if the silence before a fierce storm.Subsection Six: The climax of the story (Para. 61-76)Main idea: The daughter had thought her mother would give up her andnever let play piano again. But a few days later, the mother asked her topractice as usual. The daughter refused and mother insisted. A fiercequarrel occurred, which eventually became an emotional confrontation.Subsection Seven: (Para. 77-89)Main idea: After the struggle beside the piano, the mother never askedher daughter to play again. And they never mentioned that incident.PartⅢThe end of the story (Para. 90-93)Main idea: The daughter had grown up and the conflicts between herand her mother subsided. After the mother’s passing away, the daughterplayed the tune and understood the mother’s love.IV. Words and Phrasesment:feel or express sorrow or regret for sb./sth.The essay goes on to lament that lack of inquiry, despite the universality of the phenomenon.文章接下来在这种现象的普遍性背景下继续为疑问的缺失“哀悼”。
美国的多元文化
The price to be paid for this equality of opportunity is competition.
MATERIAL WEALTH & HARD WORK
AMERICAN DREAM
Americans love their country and
believe that they can accomplish almost anything.
The more I avanced in the study of American society,the more I perceived that…equality of condition is the fundamental fact from which all others seem to be derived
American patriotism:
”American is not a place,it is a dream.”
Refer to: “An Introduction to American Culture”
THANK YOU!
RussianAmerican
AfricanAmerican
ChineseAmerican
IranianAmerican
Unit_2_American_Homes_and_Traditional_Chinese_Homes
Useful Expressions
• folks: sometimes used when talking to people in a friendly way (for both males and females in plural form) e.g.Well, folks, what are you going to do today? sort out: to select from others sort sth. out: to select sth. from others ; (colloq.) tidy up sort sb. out: (slang) to deal with or punish 惩罚 e.g.Sort out the smaller plants and throw them away. This room needs sorting out. I‘ll sort him out. Just let me get my hands on him. (我就要 收拾他了。等我抓到他再说.) return address: the address of the person who is sending a letter or package, that is written on the envelope or package.
Part 2 Reading and language Activities
Text:
American Homes and Traditional Chinese Homes Pre –reading Discussion: What differences can you find out between the two houses on your text book?
大学_大学体验英语综合教程2第二版课后答案unit2
大学体验英语综合教程2第二版课后答案unit2大学体验英语综合教程2第二版课后答案unit2(Passage A) Bathtub Battleships from IvorydaleAmerican mothers have long believed that when it comes to washing out the mouths of naughty children, nothing beats Ivory Soap (a registered trademark of the Proctor Gamble Company). This is because its reputation for being safe, mild, and pure is as solid and spotless as the marble of the Lincoln Memorial. It doesnt even taste all that bad. And should you drop it into a tubful of cloudy, child-colored water, not to worry - it floats.Ivory Soap is an American institution, about as widely recognized as the Washington Monument and far more well respected than Congress. It had already attained this noble status when Theodore Roosevelt was still a rough-riding cowboy in North Dakota. Introduced in 1879 as an inexpensive white soap intended to rival the quality of imported soaps, it was mass marketed by means of one of the first nationwide advertising campaigns. People were told that Ivory was "so pure that it floats," and the notion took hold. As a result, at least half a dozen generations of Americans have gotten themselves clean with Ivory.So many hands, faces, and baby bottoms have been washed with Ivory that their numbers beat the imagination. Not even Proctor Gamble knows how many billions of bars of Ivory have been sold. The company keeps a precise count, however, of the billions of dollars it earns. Annual sales of Ivory Soap, Ivory Snow, Crest toothpaste, Folgers coffee, and thehundreds of other products now marketed under the Proctor Gamble umbrella exceed thirty billion dollars.The company has grown a bit since it was founded in 1837 in Cincinnati, Ohio, by a pair of immigrants named William Proctor and James Gamble, each of whom pledged $3,596.47 to the enterprise. For decades Proctor Gamble manufactured candles and soap in relatively modest quantities. It took more than twenty years for sales to top one million dollars, which they did shortly before the Civil War . The companys big break came with the introduction of its floating soap and the realization that an elaborate advertising campaign could turn a simple, though high-quality, product into a phenomenon. The soaps brand name was lifted from "out of ivory palaces," a phrase found in the Bible. So successful was this new product and the marketing effort that placed it in the hands of nearly every American that the company soon built an enormous new factory in a place called Ivorydale.Proctor Gamble never forgot the advertising lessons it learned with Ivory. For instance, it was among the first manufacturers to use radio to reach consumers nationwide. In 1933 Proctor Gambles Oxydol soap powder sponsored a radio serial called Ma Perkins, and daytime dramas were forever after known as "soap operas." Over the years the company added dozens of new product lines such as Prell shampoo, Duncan Hines cake mixes, and the ever-present Tide, "new and improved" many a time. To this day, however, Ivory Soap remains a Proctor Gamble backbone product.Ivory remains a favorite among consumers, too, and no wonder. With a bar of Ivory Soap in your hand, you are holding a chunk of American history. If you like, you can even wash your hands and face with it andbe assured that it is "ninety-nine and forty-four-one-hundredths percent pure." And it floats.The latter quality of Ivory Soap is especially attractive to children. Generations of little boys armed with toothpicks, miniature flags, or leftover parts from model ships - there are always a few - have converted bars of Ivory Soap into bathtub battleships. A note of warning for any small boys who may be reading this: Mothers tend to frown on the practice.大学体验英语综合教程2第二版课后答案unit2(Passage B)3. CAAAC4.1.version 2.publications 3.click 4.spotted5.refugees6.entries7.financial8.full-time9.detailed 10.annual5. 1.set5 up 2.came across 3.referred…to 4.check out 5.learnetof/learned of6. 1.career 2.interview 3.procedure 4.exhibit 5.profile7. 1 The policeman are busy filling out forms about the accident.2.I want to fill up the fuel tank before returning the car.3.If you want to make a compliment, youd better follow the correct procedure.4.We couldnt have finished the experiment so soon without Johns help.5.After the storm, the people on the shore anxiously scanned the lake for any sign of the boat.8. 1 He had just been promoted to vice president of the company and wasnt expecting another promotion in six months.2 Shortly after he graduated from school, he jumped to a satisfactory job.3 Most colleges and universities have their homepages, enabling applicants to scan for the information available about university they want to apply to.4 With a click of her mouse, she submitted her assignment to the tutor and soon got the reply.5 By accessing the website of the university she was going to study in, she saw color photos of the university, including a detailed map of the university campus.大学体验英语综合教程第三册 Unit3：Bathtub Battleships12. BDDCA13. 1 stressed 2 distinguished 3 invest 4 matured 5 covered 6 soured 7 concept 8 balance 9 discount 10 discipline14. 1 paid off 2 make ends meet 3 To this day 4 picked up 5 thanks to15.1. Im not supposed to let anyone in without an ID card, but Ill make an exception in your case.2. He has learned his lessons from the failure and wont repeat the mistakes.3. I have great faith in your ability --- Im sure youll succeed.4. Even though it was raining, we still went on with our match.5. I woke up to find myself lying on a hospital bed.16.1. At the University of Denver.2. In Colorado.3. Over the Rocky Mountains.4.Frome her window.5 Next month when she gets home.6 Share all the happiness and sadness they are feeling.7 She feels a little homesick.8 In the afternoon on Tuesday, December 1st.。
新编英美概况-许鲁之(第四版)Unit1-12课后习题选择填空
Chapter1 Geographical Features and Natural Resources1.In area, the United States is the 4th largest country in the world.2.The Midwest in the US refers to the region around the Great Lakes and the upper Mississippi Valley.3.The Backbone of North America refers to the Rocky Mountains4.Death Valley is on the western edge of the Great Basin.5.The Great Plains might have a dust storm in summer.6.The western part of Washington State has the highest rainfall in the US.7.The US primary suppliers of foreign oil are the following countries except Japan8.The US largest open-pit copper-mining center is in Utah.1. The United States is bordered on the north by Canada, on the south by Mexico and the Guff of Mexico, on the east by the Atlantic Ocean, and on the west by the Pacific Ocean.2. The large territory of the continental US is divided into three basic areas:A. the Atlantic seacoast west to the AppalachiansB. the Mississippi River BasinC. the Rockies west to the Pacific3. The Middle Atlantic States are the most densely populated region in the US, where the land is flat and fertile.4. The Central Valley of California is a highly productive area, which produced enormous amounts of fruits and vegetables.5. Most production of oil and natural gas in the US comes from offshore areas of Louisiana and Texas, and from onshore areas of Texas, Oklahoma and California. Her big consumption of energy now has made America insufficient in oil supply. The US reliance of foreign oil has reminded consistently in the 40% ranges.6. The United States has little trouble caused by the shortage of fresh water. Farmlands in the US making up about 12% of the arable lands in the world, and they are among the richest and most productive.Chapter 2 American Population1.The over 3 million of early Americans in 1790 were mostly of British ancestry.2.About 700,000 immigrants were legally received by the US each year during the 1980s.3.The official racial segregation continued to be the law of the US until 1954.4.American Indians now mainly live in the South.5.The majority of American Hispanics are from the following countries except Spain.6.The West now leads in percentage increase in population.7.According to the 1994 US census, the second most populous state in the US is Taxes.8.The trend in migration from cities to suburbs now prevailed in all regions except the South.1.The United States is the third most populous nation in the world.2.Prior to 1875 anyone from any country could enter the US freely and take up permanent residence there. Later the US Congress passed laws restricting immigration on the basis of morality, race, and national origin. The 1952 Immigration and Nationality Act reaffirmed national origin as the chief criterion for eligibility and established a preferential system for skilled workers and for relatives of the US citizens. For many years the US restricted to total number of immigrants to 270,000 each year, although the real immigrants numbered much greater than the limit. The 1990 Immigration Act limits the total number of immigrants to 700,000 from 1992 to 1995 and 675,000 thereafter.3.The first blacks arrived in Jamestown in 1619 as indentured servants, but soon[ after 1619 they were brought to colonies as slaves. The blacks were formally freed in1863, but continued to suffer the institutionalized segregation for about a century. Today many blacks still live in the South, some have entered the middle class, but one-third of all black families still live below the poverty line.4.The Chinese-Americans have proved to be industrious and intelligent. They are now viewed as a “model minority” in the US. According to the 2010 US census, there were about 3.8 million Chinese-Americans living in the US. The figure was more than twice what it was in 1990.Chapter 3 Discovery and Colonization of the New World1. The ancestors of the present American Indians came from Asia.2.“The ambition for the vast lands”is not correct to explain the reasons for the sudden daring exploration of the unknown in the mid-15th century.3. On his voyage of 1492, Columbus expected to reach India.4. Vasco da Gama discovered the route to India.5. John Cabot was sent by the English King to explore the new way to the east.6. New York was not founded first by the English.7. The breadbasket colonies include the following ones except Virginia. (New York, Pennsylvania, Maryland)8. The last one of the 13 colonies was Georgia, which was established in 1733.1. In 1488 Bartholomew Diaz, sailing under the Portuguese flag, went to the Cape of Good Hope at the southern Africa. In 1492 Christopher Columbus, financed by rulers of Spain sailed west across the Atlantic Ocean and discovered the islands of the Caribbean. He was convinced that he had found the continent of Asia.2. The South Africa was discovered by Amerigo Vespucci who showed the land he arrived in was a new continent. Before long the land was named America after his name.3. Jamestown, the first permanent English settlement, was founded in 1607. In 1620, Pilgrims and others arrived in Plymouth, Massachusetts. They drew up “Mayflower Compact”4. By 1775, the 13 colonies in North America could be classified as the following three kinds. Specify how the governors were chosen in each.a. Royal: appointed by the English Kingb. Proprietary: chosen by proprietorsc. Self-governing: elected by residents5. Because the New England colonies were difficult of farming, they become a center for fishing and shipbuilding. The middle colonies were known as the breadbasket, which produced wheat and potatoes as the major staple. The southern colonies developed a plantation system. The main crop in the South was tobacco. Much later, cotton became important crop.Chapter 4 American Revolution1. There was a great change in policy towards the 13 colonies after 1763.2. The Stamp Act of 1765 first set a large scale of opposition in the colonies.3. The Tea Act of 1773 was passed by the British Parliament in order to help the British East India Company.4. The First Continental Congress was attended by the representatives from all the colonies except Georgia.5. The first shot of the American War of Independence was fired in Lexington.6. Thomas Paine’s Common Sense urged the American colonists to declare their in dependence.7. The principal author of the Declaration of Independence was Thomas Jefferson.8. The victory at Saratoga was considered as the turning point of the War of Independence.1. During the colonial days the English ruling class did everything they could to control the development of the colonial economy. The colonies in North America were supposed to complement and not compete with English industry.2. Within the five years from 1763 to 1767 after the war with France, the British government adopted several measures to extract more money from colonies. The Sugar Act of 1764 and the Stamp Act of 1765, for example, laid taxes on certain imports and numerous articles in America to help pay for the costs of British government in the colonies.3. The Sons of Liberty was formed in 1765 to organize the opposition to the Stamp Act. They favored to take violent action to the stamp collectors.4. The first Continental Congress was held in Philadelphia in Sep.1774. The majority of the representatives still favor to take peaceful means to settle the quarrel with the British. They agreed to refuse to buy English goods, hoping in this way to force the British government to give in to their demands. This united action could be called boycott.5. The Declaration of Independence was signed on July 4, 1776. Karl Marx once called it “the first declaration of the rights of the individual”.6. The American War of Independence lasted 7 years. The fighting was actually ended in 1781, but the final treaty between Britain and the United States was signed in Paris in 1783. The boundaries of the United States were fixed roughly from the Atlantic Ocean to the Mississippi River on the west and from the Great Lakes on the north to Spanish Florida on the south. The direct social change brought about by the American Revolution was the emancipation of slaves who fought against the British.Chapter 5 the Confederation and the Constitution1. The confederation created in 1781 was a very loose union of states.2. James Madison was called the Father of the US Constitution.3. The Constitution was frames on the following ideals except that the new government should impose its authority on the people through states.4. Those who supported the Constitution and preferred a strong national government were called Federalists.5. Nine States were needed to ratify the Constitution.6. “They spell out the people’s right” is incorrect to comment on the Federalist Papers.7. The amendment of the Constitution requires the approval of at least three-fourths of the states.8. When the Second War of Independence broke out in 1812, the US president was James Madison.1. Under the Articles of Confederation the national government consisted of only a legislature; it had no separate executive and judicial divisions. The state government was left the exclusive powers to regulate commerce and to tax their citizens.2. The Constitutional Convention was held in Philadelphia in 1787. Fifty-five delegates from all states except Rhode Island attended the opening session. The president of the convention was George Washington.3. The Antifederalists opposed the constitution and preferred a more decentralized federal system of government.4. George Washington was elected unanimously as the first US President in 1788. The first Vice-President was John Adams, and the first Secretary of Treasury was Alexander Hamilton, and the first Secretary of State was Thomas Jefferson.5. the most glorious achievement of Jefferson as President was the Louisiana Purchase, which was about 828,000 square miles. This Purchase doubled the area of the then United States.6. The War of 1812 is also called the Second War of Independence. This war lasted three years and ended in another American victory. An important result of the war was the strengthening of national unity and patriotism. And it was after this war that the US was able to make the change of a semi-colonial economy into a really independent national economy.Chapter 6 American Expansion and the Civil War1. The Monroe Doctrine had the following features or ideas except Latin America for Europeans.2. The US continental expansion was almost complete by 1848.3. Cotton became the most profitable crop in the South mainly because of the Whitney’s cotton gin.4. In 1854, the Republican Party was founded by some abolitionists.5. In his inaugural address in 1861, Lincoln showed clearly that he would not abolish slavery immediately but to preserve the Union.6. “It immediately freed all slaves living in the United States” about the Emancipation Proclamation is not accurate.7. the most important advantage the North had over the South in the Civil War was its industrial superiority.8. An advantage the South had over the North was its superior military leadership.1. The essence of the Monroe Doctrine was “America for Americans” which later became the cornerstone of the US foreign policy.2. The US expansion to the west may be treated in three stages;A. the settlement of the region between seaboard states and the Mississippi RiverB. the settlement of the Louisiana Territoryc. the occupation of the far Southwest.3. The great majority of dwellers in Louisiana Territory were the descendants of the French pioneers. They settled mainly in two cities: St. Louis and New Orleans.4. Oregon Territory was settled between Britain and the United States in 1846. Its boundary on the north was fixed at the forty-ninth parallel of north latitude.5. Under Missouri Compromise, Missouri was admitted as a slave state, but the balance of political power maintained by admission of Maine as a free state. In addition, slavery was to be prohibited in the rest of Louisiana Territory north of the line36°30’ parallel.6. In 1862, the federal government took two revolutionary measures: (1) Homestead Act and (2) Emancipation proclamation.7. In July 1863 came the turning point of the war at Gettysburg. Here the Confederate army under the general Robert E. Lee was defeated. The battlefield was made a national cemetery, where Lincoln gave his famous speech, the Gettysburg Address, on November 19, 1863.8. In 1865, the Thirteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adopted, which abolished slavery throughout the United States.Chapter 7 Reconstruction and the Birth of US Imperialism1. The first US president who faced impeachment proceedings was Andrew Johnson.2. The radical Reconstruction was ended under the President Rutherford B. Hays3. Gold was discovered in California in 1848.4. The first transcontinental railroad in the US was completed in 1869.5. Telephone was invented in 1876 by Alexander D. Bell.6. The value of manufactured goods in the US was worth twice as that of her agricultural products by 1900.7. The first imperialist war, the US—Spanish War, broke out in 1898.8. After the US—Spanish War, the US acquired all the following areas except Cuba (Puerto Rico, Guam, the Philippines)1. The Reconstruction Acts divided all the former Confederate states, except Tennessee, into five military districts and each was put under the control of a Northern army officer. The officer had the power to keep order and to enforce martial law if necessary.2. During the Reconstruction period many Northerners moved to the south .Whatever their motives, these Northerners came to be called carpetbaggers because they were said to have brought all their belongings to the South in a small, cheap suitcase made out of a carpet like material.3. During the Reconstruction the Southern whites who supported the radical reconstruction and joined the Republican Party were called scalawags. They were considered as traitors by the Southern Democrats.4. The KKK, founded in Tennessee in 1866, was a secret society for restoring white supremacy and driving blacks out of politics.5. During Theodore Roosevelt’s presidency the US got control of Panama Canal.Chapter 8 World War I and the Depression1. By the beginning of the 20th century the country that took the first place in economy in Europe was Germany.2. When the First World War began, President Wilson immediately called upon the American people to observe strict neutrality.3. The US joined the First World War in 1917.4. Wilson’s Fourteen Points did not include the point of creation of an international peacekeeping force.5. “Only the rich could afford new consumer goods” about the US in 1920s is not true.6. In responding to the Depression, President Hoover thou ght that the basic role of the Government was to “create conditions favorable to the development of private enterprises”.7. The agricultural Adjustment Act was an attempt to deal with the farmers’ problem of overproduction.8. “It reduced the commodity prices by limiting production and devaluing the dollar” is not right to comment on the New Deal.1. The First World War was waged between two groups of imperialist powers: the Allies and the Central European Power.2. The direct cause that made the US declare war on Germany in 1917was the Germany’s unlimited campaign.3. The major triumph for Wilson at the Paris Peace Conference was the formation of the League of Nations.4. The United States didn’t join the League of Nations because the US Senate refused to approve the Treaty of Versailles.5. Three major treaties were concluded at the Washington Conference:(1) The Four-Power Treaty, respecting the status quo in the Pacific.(2) The Five-Power Treaty, on naval arms apportionment.(3) The Nine-Power Treaty, guaranteeing the independence and integrity of China in appearance, but actually a public international affirmation of the Open Door policy.6. The Nineteenth Amendment to the US Constitution was adopted in 1920, which granted women the right to vote.7. The Great Depression started with the sudden collapse of the Stock Market in New York in October, 1929. This economic distress extended to Europe, Asia, Africa, Australia and South America.Chapter 9 American During and After World War II1. Between 1935 and 1939, American foreign policy included all of the following except active intervention to prevent aggression.2. The US formally entered the Second World War in 1941.3. Normandy Landing took place on June 6, 1944.4. At Yalta Conference, in Feb. 1945 did Roosevelt, Churchill and Stalin agree to call a conference of all the United Nations in San Francisco in April 1945.5. The post-World War II program of economic assistance to Western Europe was known as Marshall Plan.6. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., advocated the philosophy of nonviolence.7. Thousands of American soldiers were sent to Vietnam under the President Lyndon B. Johnson.8. The formal diplomatic relation at the ambassadorial rank between China and the US was established under the President Carter.1. The cash-and-carry policy allowed US citizens to sell certain no prohibited goods to belligerent nations as long as thosegoods were not transported on American ships.2. Lend-Lease Act enabled any country whose defense the President considered vital to that of the US to receive arms and other equipment and supplies by sale, transfer, exchange, or lease. F.D. Roosevelt explained the Act would make the US the arsenal of world democracy.3. Civil rights involve government protection of individuals against discrimination based on their race,religion nation origin, gender, age, and other factors. Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr. was honored for his effort to fight discrimination. In 1964, he won the Nobel Prize for peace.4. Star Wars program was proposed by President Reagan in 1983. The program seeks to construct a defensive “shield” against incoming missiles. The shield would be made of laser and electronic devices that would destroy such missiles launched to attack the US.5. In 1990, President Bush ordered Operation Desert Storm to punish Iraq, more than 200000 US troops were sent to Saudi Arabia, and the US navy blocked all oil exports from Iraq and all imports except food.6. Under Clinton, the US enjoyed an economic growth for nine consecutive years. This phenomenon, hardly seen before, has been termed the “new economy” by some. The fundamental reason for it is that American economic structure went through essential changes because of the promotion of scientific and technological progress.Chapter 10 the Federal System and Congress1. The power of the state in the US is actually from both B and C. (the state constitution, the US Constitution)2. The supreme law of the United States includes all the above three.3. The terms of the senator and representative are six and two years respectively.4.”The 17th Amendment (1913)” provided for the direct election of senators.5. Certain presidential appointments must be approved by a majority vote in the Senate.6. All revenue or tax bills must be originated in the House.7. The Speaker of the House is second in line in presidential succession.8. In the House, the power to decide when the full House will hear the bill is vested in the Rules Committee.1. Federalism means the division of powers by a constitution between the central government and state government. It operates only on two levels, the national and the states. Units of government within a state enjoy no independent existence.2. Separation of powers in the United States means not only allocating legislative power to Congress, executive power to President and judicial power to the Supreme Court, but also giving each branch constitutional and political independence and checks and balances that ensure each of the three branches a sufficient role in the actions of the others.3. According to the Constitution, members of the House of Representatives must be25years old and must have been citizens for 7 years. Senators must be at least 30 and must have been citizens for 9 years.4. The Vice President is officially the presiding officer and is called the president of the Senate. In fact he seldom appears in the Senate chamber in this role unless it appears that there might be tie vote in the Senate. In such instances, he casts the tiebreaking vote. To deal with day-to-day business, the Senate chooses the president pro tempore.5. A senator who wants to delay action on a bill or kill it altogether may use a tactic called a filibuster. It can be cut off only through cloture.6. Lobbying is part of the citizen’s right to petition government in the US. Now there are thousands of lobbyists in Washington D.C. Their influence in making the US policy is so great that some people call them “the third house”.Chapter 11 The President and the Judiciary1. The 22nd Amendment in following limits the President to two successive terms only.2. The American President has all the following powers except declaring war on another country.3. The president’s major appointments should be approved by the Senate.4. “It requires the approval of Congress” is not correct to explain the executive agreement.5. The President’s veto can be overridden by two-third votes in both houses.6. The federal courts that regularly employ grand and petit juries are the district courts.7. The highest authority of the Supreme Court is to interpret the US constitution.8. The case involving copyright, trademark, counterfeiting, and bank robbery are usually first tried in the federal district courts.1.By law any natural-born American citizen of and over 35 years of age and of being a resident within the United States for 14years can run for the President. The duly elected and duly qualified president-elect takes office on the20th of January following his election.2.The war powers resolution (1973) requires the President to consult congress and withdraw troops after sixty days unless Congress specifically approves the continued deployment of troops.3.A federal law gave President an item veto in 1996, which is an authority to reject specific sections of a bill without having to veto the entire bill.4.The Supreme Court has the power to examine the bills passed by Congress and policies made by President, and declare them unconstitutional and thus abolish them. John Marshall, the most famous chief justice in American history called this power of interpretation judicial review5.There are three federal court levels: 1) the district courts 2) the courts of appeal 3) the Supreme Court. All the judges of federal courts are appointed by President with the consent of the Senate. The state court system also has a hierarchy of three levels: 1) superior courts, 2) appellate courts, 3) a state supreme court. The state court judges are usually elected. The term of the country court judges is usually four years. And the judges in higher state courts usually sever eight or twelve years for one termChapter 12 Political Parties and Elections1. The emblem of the Democratic Party is donkey.2. The first Democratic President was Thomas Jefferson.3. The first Republican President was Abraham Lincoln.4. The only Democratic President who served two separate terms between the end of Civil War and 1912 was Grover Cleveland.5. The presidential candidate of the major party is nominated at the national convention.6. In the presidential election year the American voters vote on the Tues, after the 1st Mon.7. The number of the presidential electors in each state is equal to the number of its senators and Representatives.8. The American President is actually elected by presidential electors.1. Two factions emerged during the ratification of the US Constitution. One group was called Federalists led by Alexander Hamilton. They favored business development, a strong national government, and a loose interpretation of the Constitution. Another group led by Thomas Jefferson was called Democratic-Republicans. They called for a society based on small farms, a relatively weak central government, and a strict interpretation of the Constitution. The roots of today’s Republican Party lie in the Federalists, while the Democrats can trace their beginnings back to Antifederalists or Democratic-Republicans.2. In general, Democrats traditionally have supported workers and minorities, while the Republicans are known for known for their support of business and conservative positions on social issues.3. Before 1971 the only state that gave 18-year-old the right to vote was Georgia; all other states set the age at 21. In 1971 the 26th Amendment to the Constitution lowered the voting age to 18.4. The voting percentage now is very low in the United States. In general older people with more education and high income tend to vote, while the youth, especially aged 18 to 21, has the lowest voting percentage in the Unites States.5. The candidate with the most votes in a state wins all of that state’s electoral votes. This is known as the “winner-take-all” principle. The candidate who wins the majority of the 538 Electoral College votes will be the US President in the next four years.。
美国历史文化概况(英文版)UNIT 2 Territory and Environment
TEXT A New Words and Expressions:
5. habitat [ 'hæ bitæ t ] n. 栖息地 • The place is the habitat for giant panda. • 这个地区是大熊猫的生活基地。
6. prairie[ 'prεəri ] n. 大草原】 • Indians hunted the prairie for buffalo. • 印第安人在大草原狩猎野牛。
TEXT A Notes
3. Territorial dispute: A territorial dispute is a disagreement over the possession/control of land between two or more states, or over the possession or control of land by a new state and occupying power after it has conquered the land from a former state no longer currently recognized by the new state.
puppet show . • 因此，当可怜的格培多没有夹克穿在家里发抖时，皮诺奇却在看木偶秀。 13. monitor [ 'mɔnitə ] vt. 监控 • Unless the public can monitor a fund's behaviour, there is no guar Notes
1. Dependent areas : There are varying degrees and forms of dependence, commonly distinguished from other subnational entities in that they are not considered to be part of the motherland or mainland of the governing State. In most cases they also represent a different order of separation. A subnational entity typically represents a division of the State proper, while a dependent territory might be an overseas territory that enjoys a greater degree of autonomy.
America Unit 2
America Unit 2: Government System in U.S.A2.1 U.S. Government PrinciplesThe basic principle of US government system comes from Locke’s political ideas, who maintain only by making good use of human reason could society achieve a continuous progress.First Principle:___________________________________The government gets its just power from the consent of the people, and the government cannot govern without the agreement of the governed.People are expected to accept the decision made by the majority.Second Principle:____________________________________The government has no other powers except those given by the people, or the power laid down in the constitution.Third Principle: ________________________________The power given to government is divided between the federal and state government.The power granted to each government is sub-divided among the three branches of government, the legislative, the executive and the judicial. Each branch can check or block the actions of the other branches.Forth Principle:Free exchange of opinions must not be restricted.The US Constitution protects freedom of speech and freedom of the press so that common people can make their opinions known.To prevent government from manipulating public opinion, the law forbids the government to run newspapers and radio stations, nor is it allowed to control school.2.2.1 Structure of US Federal GovernmentLegislative Branch: Congress1) _________________________ 2) _________________________Executive Branch: President1) _________________________ 2) _________________________Judicial Branch: Federal Law Court:Highest Level (last resort): _____________________________1) Courts of Appeals 2) Courts of Specific Subjects2.2.2 Three BranchesExecutive BranchObject to the Bill passed by congressBring up with a billImplement policies for carrying out its listed duties.______________________________________________Legislative Branch (Congress)Functions of Congress1) The central function is to make federal laws2) ____________________________3) pay national debts4) regulate foreign commerce5) raise armies and pay for them6) ______________________: hold hearings on matters of general public concern.Two Chambers:The US Congress is divided into two chambers, the _________ and the ____________________.1)The House of Representatives is commonly known as the House. It has had a permanentmembership of 435 since 1910.2)The whole country is divided into 435 congressional districts, with each district electingone Congressman.3)The life of congress is two years, and Representatives come up for reelection every_____years; however, there is no limit on the number of terms.4)The Senate comprises ________________, ______ from each of the 50 states.5)The term of office for a senator is ______ years, with one thirds of the senate seats up forelection every two years.6) A senator must be at least _______ years of age and a citizen of the United States for_____ years.The two chambers are granted equal powers for making federal laws, but each has some exclusive power that does not share with the other.The exclusive power held by the House of Representatives:1)________________2) Initiation of revenue billThe executive power held by the Senator1) to ratify or reject proposed treaties with foreign countries.2)to confirm or reject important _________________ proposed by the president.3)to hear charges filed by the House against the president for alleged wrongdoings.The presiding officer of the senate is the Vice-president of the United States who serves as chairman when the Senate is in session.Legislative Procedure1) Introduction of the bill into chamber – 2) Initial Study of the bill by committees – 3) Committee chairman makes a choice of sending to the House or kill it – 4) Discussion and amendment during debate – 5) Sending to the other chamber and repeat the same procedure – 6) Gain approval from President•filibuster: ~ is a method used by members of a legislature to prevent the passage of a bill by _______________________•closure: ~ is to limit debate on a draft bill. If three-fifths of the Senators agree to invoke closure, no senator may speak for more than one hour on the bill under debate.•presidential veto: The veto of president is overridden if Congress insist on the bill and passed it again by ________________Judicial BranchFederal law court have jurisdiction over cases arising out of the constitution, all laws andtreaties of the United States, issues involving foreign citizens and governments.1)The Supreme Court can determine whether acts passed by Congress or actions taken bythe executive branch ___________to the spirit of the Constitution.2)It has the authority to stop any actions of the legislative and executive branches bydeclaring them _____________________.2.2.3 Relationships between three Branches1) Executive branch can check legislative branch through:A. Bring up with BillsB. Deny BillsC. Implement policies2) Legislative branch can check executive branch through:A. Initiate revenue billB. Reject nominationC. InvestigationD. Impeachment3) Legislative branch can check judicial branch through:A. Appoint judgesB. Determine budgetC. Overthrow verdictD. Impeachment4) Judicial branch can check legislative branch through:A. Judicial review of ActsB. passed by congress5) Executive branch can check judicial branch through “appointing Judges on the advice ofcongress”.6) Judicial branch can check executive branch through “judicial review of Executive action”.2.3Federal Government and State Government2.3.1Historical BackgroundAfter winning independence from Britain in 1783, the 13 former English colonies organized themselves into a union which was named the United States of America.The historical background produced the traditional idea that the states ____________ the federal government.To make the constitution of the new nation, the states ____________ some powers to the federal government so that it could answer questions concerned with the well-being of the whole country.2.3.2 Composition of State Government1) State Legislature -- Make State Law2) State governor -- Carry out State Law3) State Law court -- Punish violator of the state law2.3.3 Responsibility of State GovernmentPass state lawMaintain a state police forceLevy taxes to cover state expenditureMaintain public schools and given financial help to State Universities.。
新视野读写(第三版)(3)课本练习及答案Unit 2
5. During one particularly ______ bleak moment in my career, a senior colleague of mine said to me, “If you follow your dreams, the money will come. Follow the money, and you’ll lose your dreams.” appraise nature 6. Unless we can find a way to ________ and then invest in protecting it, our basic life-support systems are going to collapse.
12. The ego ideal of young children is based on those closest to them, usually the parents, and later on other educators who have resemblance t6. Apart from his native language English, the student of English Local History will need a faint ____________ acquaintance with three other languages. reliance on government contracts may 7. The ________ also have contributed directly to the decline in competitive potential of the country’s economy.
高中英语大单元教学课件
高中英语大单元教学课件全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1High School English Major Teaching CoursewareUnit Title: The American DreamObjectives:1. Understand the concept of the American Dream and its significance in American culture.2. Analyze how different characters in American literature pursue their dreams.3. Explore the obstacles and challenges that individuals face in achieving their dreams.4. Reflect on the similarities and differences between the American Dream and personal goals.Lesson 1: Introduction to the American Dream- Definition of the American Dream- Historical background and evolution of the American Dream- Key elements of the American Dream: freedom, equality, opportunity- Representative texts and works relating to the American DreamLesson 2: The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald- Summary of the plot and major themes- Analysis of Jay Gatsby’s pursuit of the American Dream- Discussion on the corruption and disillusionment in the pursuit of wealth and success- Comparison between Gatsby’s dream and the reality of the American societyLesson 3: Of Mice and Men by John Steinbeck- Overview of the story and main characters- Examination of George an d Lennie’s dreams and aspirations- Exploration of the themes of friendship, loneliness, and dreams in the American Dream context- Analysis of the challenges faced by the characters in achieving their dreamsLesson 4: A Raisin in the Sun by Lorraine Hansberry- Summary of the play and its significance in African American literature- Discussion on the Younger family’s dreams and aspirations- Examination of the role of race and societal expectations in shaping individual dreams- Comparison between the American Dream and the African American experienceLesson 5: Conclusion and Reflection- Recap of key points and themes discussed in the unit- Personal reflections on the concept of the American Dream and its relev ance in today’s society- Connection between the American Dream and individual aspirations and goals- Discussion on the ways in which students can pursue their dreams while staying true to their values and beliefsAssessment:- Class discussions and debates on the American Dream and its representations in literature- Written reflections and essays on the themes and characters in the texts studied- Creative projects and presentations exploring the concept of the American Dream in modern settingsOverall, this unit on the American Dream aims to deepen students’ understanding of the cultural and social significance of the concept, while encouraging them to reflect on their own dreams and aspirations in relation to the broader American society. By engaging with a variety of texts and perspectives, students will develop critical thinking skills and empathy towards the struggles and triumphs of individuals in pursuit of their dreams.篇2High School English Large Unit Teaching CoursewareI. Unit Overview- Unit Title: American Literature- Grade Level: 10th grade- Duration: 6 weeks- Objectives:1. Introduce students to key works of American literature2. Develop students' critical thinking and analytical skills3. Enhance students' understanding of literary devices and techniques4. Improve students' reading and writing skillsII. Unit StructureWeek 1: Introduction to American Literature- Overview of the unit- Discussion of the historical context of American literature- Introduction to major literary movements and authorsWeek 2-3: The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald- Reading and analysis of the novel- Exploration of themes such as the American Dream, wealth, and class- Close reading of key passages- Discussion of symbolism and character developmentWeek 4-5: To Kill a Mockingbird by Harper Lee- Reading and analysis of the novel- Examination of themes such as racism, justice, and morality- Analysis of character development and narrative techniques- Discussion of the novel's impact and relevance todayWeek 6: Evaluation and Assessment- Cumulative assessment of students' understanding of the unit- Reflective writing on key themes and concepts- Discussion of the significance of American literature in today's societyIII. Teaching Strategies- Lecture presentations with engaging visuals and multimedia- Small group discussions and collaborative activities- Socratic seminars for in-depth analysis and critical thinking- Writing assignments to develop students' analytical and argumentative skills- Peer feedback and revision process for writing assignmentsIV. Assessment- Quizzes and tests on reading comprehension and analysis- Essay assignments on key themes and literary techniques- Participation in class discussions and group activities- Final exam on the unit's major works and conceptsV. Resources- Textbooks: The Great Gatsby, To Kill a Mockingbird- Supplementary readings: critical essays, poems, short stories- Online resources: literary analysis websites, educational videos- Classroom materials: handouts, worksheets, visual aidsVI. ConclusionThe American Literature unit offers students a broad introduction to key works and themes in American literature. By engaging with diverse texts and developing their analytical skills, students will gain a deeper understanding of the cultural and historical significance of American literature. Through criticalreading, writing, and discussion, students will be able to apply literary concepts to their own lives and perspectives, fostering a lifelong appreciation for literature and the arts.篇3High School English Major Unit Teaching PowerPointI. Introduction- Definition of Major Unit in English Teaching- Importance of Major Unit Teaching- Overall Goals and ObjectivesII. Unit Overview- Introduction to the Unit- Scope and Sequence- Key Concepts and Themes- Essential Questions- Vocabulary and Grammar FocusIII. Lesson PlansA. Introduction to the Unit- Setting the Stage- Pre-Assessment Activities- Objective and AgendaB. Lesson 1: Reading and Comprehension - Reading Strategies- Comprehension Activities- Discussion Questions- Assessment TaskC. Lesson 2: Writing Skills- Writing Prompts- Peer Editing- Vocabulary Development- Grammar ExercisesD. Lesson 3: Speaking and Listening- Speaking Activities- Listening Comprehension Tasks- Role-Playing Scenarios- Assessment CriteriaE. Lesson 4: Project-Based Learning- Collaborative Projects- Research and Presentation Skills- Reflection and EvaluationIV. Assessment and Evaluation- Formative and Summative Assessment- Rubrics and Grading Criteria- Student Feedback and Self-ReflectionV. Differentiation and Support- Accommodations for Diverse Learners- Scaffolding Techniques- Learning Centers and Enrichment Activities VI. Resources and Materials- Textbooks and Supplementary Materials - Online Resources- Classroom Technology IntegrationVII. Conclusion- Review of Unit Goals and Objectives- Student Achievements and Growth- Recommendations for Future UnitsOverall, the High School English Major Unit Teaching PowerPoint provides a comprehensive guide for educators to effectively plan and deliver engaging and interactive lessons for their students. By incorporating a variety of teaching strategies, assessment tools, and support systems, teachers can create a stimulating learning environment that caters to the diverse needs and abilities of their students.。
走遍美国 Unit 2
Picture Three: This is a traffic policeman. His job is to observe and control, as much as possible, much of the traffic on the section of the highway. Now he has stopped an speeder who exceed the speed limit. He is writing a ticket. Judging from his serious face, we are sure he is a very responsible man and he loves his job which is not dull and is an excellent way to study human nature.
10
3). What do you think of the bus service in big cities in
China? Bus service in big cities usually is very poor. Buses are crowded and dirty, especially during rush hours. That’s why so many people don’t like ride on a bus . And some people even will get sick on a bus, as a result they hate riding on a bus. 4).What do you think of people who loves to talk to himself / herself ?
演讲-unit2
听力讲义Unit 2. Jodie Foster’s Speech at Yale University序：06:16秒耶鲁大学（Yale University）是一所坐落于美国康涅狄格州纽黑文的私立大学，创于1701年，初名“大学学院”（Collegiate School）。
耶鲁大学是美国历史上建立的第三所大学。
哈佛大学注重闻名于研究生教育，威廉玛丽学院闻名于本科生教育，耶鲁则是双脚走路，都非常著名，在世界大学排名中名列前茅。
耶鲁大学以人文、艺术、历史、及法律最有名，理工科则在美国一流名校里算是比较弱的。
今为常春藤联盟（The Ivy League）的成员之一。
耶鲁人文教育的目标之一是培养学生的人文精神——一种追求人生真谛的理性态度，即关怀人生价值的实现、人的自由与平等以及人与社会、自然之间的和谐等。
因而在耶鲁的校徽上，书写着“光明与真知”几个字，那就是继承欧洲人文科学传统，为教会，更具体地说是为公理、为民众培养的神职人员——在耶鲁1701年的宪章上写道：教育的目的是使年轻人“能为教会和公共事业服务”。
06:16秒---12:45秒讲解1:Jodie Foster’s Speech at Yale UniversityI learned how to read in this place. Now, not literally. That would be very bad P. R. , I realize that. By "reading" / I mean trying to go deeper, trying to go beyond the obvious explanation, beyond the historical analysis, beyond the fact, beyond logic and certainty, beyond all those neat little unquestioned boxes / the world puts in front of you like so much cold stone. The process of reading, of finding the self in the other, of searching for the human dimension, for the essence and yes, of failing miserably at that task / and finding instead the searcher, the self, the questions once again.1. literally adv. 文字上地；简直(口语)例It is very difficult to translate this sentence literally. 这句话很难从字面上翻译。
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Basic Information about America
Location: Lies in central North America with Canada to its north, Mexico and the Gulf of Mexico to its south. The Atlantic Ocean to its east, and the Pacific Ocean to its west.
Statue of Liberty
Martin Luther King
Turkey
Definition of Culture
Generally speaking, it refers to the behaviors which are learned or shared in a community; it also refers to the norms（规范，准则） (i.e. the usual way people behave in a given society) and values（价值观） (i.e. something that people in a certain society hold dear) and material objects. Simply put, culture is the way of life for an entire society.
Basic Information about America --Topography
Two Mountain Ranges: • The Appalachian Mountains • The Rocky Mountains The Most Famous River: • Mississippi The Most Important Lakes: The Great Lakes -economic lifeline of Midwest • Lake Superior;苏必利尔湖 • Lake Michigan;密歇根湖 • Lake Huron;休伦湖 • Lake Erie;伊利湖 • Lake Ontario安大略湖
What do the colours stand for?
Key:
The 50 stars represent the 50 states, the 13 stripes represent the 13 original colonies; Red stands for courage, white for truth, and blue for justice.
song
the Star-spangled banner is basically a poem inspired by the battle of Baltimore, fought on September 12-14, 1814, between Britain and the U.S. It was officially accepted as the National Anthem in 1931. Lyrics: Francis Scott Key Music: John Philip Sousa
Categorization of Culture
• Social Organization
The social structure to which every culture bases itself on. The most important unit is the family, where the children learn how they are to behave and what they are to believe.
New York Statue of Liberty; Time Square; UN headquarters; Wall Street Washington D.C White House; Capitol Hill Boston Harvard University: MIT Las Vegas gambling Los Angeles Hollywood; Beverly Hills(贝佛利山庄) San Francisco Chinatown; Gold rush Seattle seas and trees; seafood San Diego blue skies and great beaches Orlando Walt Disney World Miami Caribbean climate
• Art and Literature
The productions of human imagination. They are here to please and entertain human beings and instill cultural values of a society.
• Customs and Traditions
Represent the most important element in culture, which is a rule of behavior. Sometimes, these rules are acting more like social pressure to enforce minor rules of daily life. e.g. the ways of educating children.
National Flag: the Stars and the Stripes National Anthem: the star spangled banner
National Flag
Question:
How many stars and how many stripes are there in the national flag? What do they represent?
Basic Information about America
Capital City:
Washington D.C.
Population：
Third Largest nation (roughly 275 million)
Size：
Fourth largest nation (9,590,000 square kilometers) (After Russia, Canada, and China) US is a federal republic with 50 states. The Largest is Alaska, and the smallest is Rhode Island
New York City New York
1.The “Big Apple” 2. the city consists of five boroughs: The Bronx (布朗克斯), Brooklyn, Manhattan, Queens, and Staten Island （史泰登岛）
1. When people talk about freedom, you may think of the Statue of______ in New York. 2. When people talk about going to the U.S. to pursue success, you may say they want to achieve their______. 3. When people talk about the Civil Rights Movement in the U.S., you may think of the leader______ and his speech______. 4. When people talk about popular American sport, you may think of the ball game______. 5. When people talk about Thanksgiving in the U.S., you know the bird served on the dinner table should be______.
Definition of Culture
Categorization of Culture Basic Information about America American Beginnings Historical Background Basic American Values
Test your knowledge about American Culture
The Downtown in the Evening
The Panorama of New York(纽约全景）
Main Attractions in New York
• • • • • •
Manhattan Statue of Liberty The Island of Manhattan is the center of New York. It is the economic center of Time Square USA and it is also the political center of UN Headquarters the world. Wall Street Brooklyn Bridge
Basic Information about America --Climate
Since the United States covers a large area, there are different types of climate in different regions.
10 Must Visit Cities In the United States
Manhattan