定语从句2
定语从句2
Basketball is George’s favorite sport. He spent much time on the sport. Basketball is George’s favorite sport on which he spent much time. My pencil is broken. I often write homework with the pencil. My pencil with which I often write homework is broken.
2. 当先行词是序数词或被序数词所修饰时 The third thing that should be done is to get the tickets. When people talk about Hangzhou, the first that comes to mind is the West Lake.
考 点
介词＋which/whom
Mr. Liu is a good worker. I learned a lot from him. Mr. Liu is a good worker from whom I learned a lot. I left my wallet in the taxi. I came here in the taxi. I left my wallet in the taxi in which I came here.
关系代词前介词的确定
1.根据从句中动词与先行词的逻辑关系，请体会： e.g. Is that the newspaper for which you often write articles? 2. 根据从句中动词或形容词的习惯搭配，如： e.g. Can you explain to me how to use these idioms about which I’m sure. 3. 根据先行词与介词的搭配习惯，请体会： e.g. 1949 was the year in which the P.R.C. was founded.
初中英语语法之定语从句2关系副词讲解_练习_答案
定语从句2——关系副词引导的定语从句【关系副词引导的定语从句】1. where指地点，在定语从句中做地点状语用来表示地点的定语从句。
(1) Shanghai is the city where I was born.(2) The house where I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.2. when引导定语从句表示时间。
在定语从句中做时间状语也可做连接词用(1) I still remember the day when I first came to the school.(2) The time when we got together finally came.[注]当然也不用that引导。
By the time you arrived in London, we had stayed there for two weeks.I still remember the first time I met her.Each time he goes to business trip出差, he brings a lot of presents for his children.3. why指原因在定语从句中做原因状语(1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane.(2) I don’t know the reason why he looks unhappy today.注意：关系副词引导的从句可以由“介词+关系代词”引导的从句替换(1) The reason why/ for which he refused the invitation is not clear,(2) From the year when/in which he was going to school, he began to know what he wanted when he grewup.This is the reason why he came late.= This is the reason for which he came late.例题（）1. There are lots of things I need to prepare before the trip.A. whoB. thatC. whomD. whose（）2. Jim dislikes people ______talk much but never do anything .A.whoB.whomC.whose（）3.—I hear Sam has gone to Qingdao for his holiday.--Oh, how nice! Do you know when he_______?A.leftB.was leavingC.has leftD.had left（）4. We are trying to help those children _____ lost their parents in Yushu , Qinghai Province.A. whichB. whenC. whoD. whose（）5. Do you know the girl _______is singing in the classroom?A.whoB.whichC.when（）6. Smith hates some persons _______talk too much but do nothing.A.whomB.whenC.whoseD.who（）7. —The volunteers are doing a great job in Yushu.--Yes. They are helping the people ______are suffering from the earthquake.A.whichB.whatC./D.who（）8. Have you found the answer to the question ______I asked you this morning?A.whenB.whatC.that（）9. Friends are those make you smile，always open their hearts to you and encourage you to succeedA whichB whatC whomD who（）10. I began to work in Shanghai in the year _______HongKong was returned to China.A.thatB.whichC.whereD.when（）11. Sorry, we don’t have the coat ______ you need.A. whatB. whoC. whomD. which（）12. This is the novel ______ is written by Guo Jingming.A. whoB. whatC. thatD. /（）13.Henrry likes people ______ can keep their promises and keep others’ secrets.A. whomB. whenC. whoseD. who（）14. The girl _________ i s sitting under the big tree is Lynn’s cousin.A. whoB. whomC. whoseD. which（）15. It’s time to say goodbye to my school. I’ll always remember the people _______ have helped me.A. whoB. whatC. whichD. where练习（）1. — What are you looking for?--I am looking for the book ________ I bought yesterday.A. whoB. whichC. whose（）2. We know Jackie Chan ________ movies are very popular with the young.A. whoseB. thatC. whoD. which（）3. Is this university_______ your elder brother will choose this year?A. the oneB. thatC. where（）4. —Do you know the boy _______ is standing under the tree?--Yes. He’s Peter. He’s new in our class.A. whereB. whatC. whoD. whose（）5. The house ____ we live is not big.A. in thatB. whichC. in whichD. that（）6. Do you know the reason ____ he didn’t come?A. thatB. whichC. forD. why（）7. The room ____ windows face south is his.A. thatB. whichC. whoseD. who’s（）8. The park, ____ we visited yesterday, is very nice.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. when（）9. The park, ____ we met with him, is very nice.A. whereB. whichC. thatD. when（）10. The first time ____ I saw her was in 1989.A. whenB. whichC. thatD. as（）11. Pay attention to all ____ I do.A. whichB. in whichC. whatD. that（）12. I’ve read all the books ____ you gave me.A. whichB. themC. whatD. that（）13. Is there anything ____ I can do for you?A. whatB. whichC. thatD. it（）14. The woman ____ child had fallen ill was a doctor.A. whoB. herC. whoseD. /（）15. The pen ____ I’m using ____ is hers.A. which; itB. that; itC. it; /D. /（）16. The whole world is fighting against the H1N1, a disease ______ has caused many deaths.A. whoB. whichC. whomD. what（）17. Disney is an amusement park _______ you can find Disney movies and characters.A. whichB. whereC. thatD. when（）18. The young lady ________ we met yesterday is our new math teacher.A. whatB. whoseC. whoD. which（）19. The skirt _________ is made of silk is very expensive. I can’t afford it.A. whatB. /C. thatD. it（）20. I like the teacher ________ classes are very interesting and creative.A. whichB. whoC. whatD. whose（）21. Jack, there is someone in the office ______ would like to speak with you.A. whoB. whichC. whom（）22. Shaolin Temple ____ lies in the west of Zhengzhou welcomes the visitors both at home and abroad.A. whereB. whichC. whoD. what（）23. We should give love to the children _______ lost their parents in the earthquake.A. whoB. whomC. thoseD. which（）24. --The duty of Project Hope is to help poor children, isn’t it?--Yes, it has built many schools ________ those children can study happily.A. whereB. whenC. which（）25. --There are many volunteers ________ are helping the children in Sichuan.--And most of them are college students.A. whichB. whenC. whoseD. who典型例题1选B 2选A 3选A 4选C 5选A 6选D 7选D 8选C 9选D 10选D11选D。
定语从句 (2)
语法四：定语从句一 .概述在英语中，我们通常用作定语修饰名词或代词。
若要表达更复杂的意思，需借助来修饰名词。
定语的位置：前置定语：单词（ _______、______，_____， _________）后置定语：______和_______（定语从句）I do not like lazy people.(转为定语从句）被修饰的名词/代词因为总在定语从句前面，所以被称为_____。
引导定语从句的词，被称为______。
二.定语从句的三个重要概念（1）先行词———被定语从句所_____或_____的对象。
（2）关系词———连接____和____，在定语从句中充当一定____的词。
（3）不完整的句子。
（4）定语从句的结构=先行词+_____+_______的句子e.g.Envy is like a fly that passes all a body’s sounder parts and dwells upon the sores.三 .关系词定语从句主要考察的就是引导词的选择，定语从句的引导词分为三类：1 关系代词：关系代词先行词指人：______ ,______先行词指物：________先行词指人指物均可：_________先行词指人或指物的所有关系： ______（谁的，定语） ;2 关系副词：副词是表示行为或状态特征的词，修饰_____、_____或_____，表示时间，地点，程度，方式等概念。
本身后面句子主干完整，补充表_____，____,______的副词让句子完整。
时间状语：______地点状语：______原因状语：______3 特殊关系词：as;whose ;whyps:定语从句没有______ 和_______.1 、特殊关系词特殊关系词直接靠翻译做题即可。
as:“正如”（1）as的本质是个关系_____，指代_________。
（2）as引导的定从可放主句之前（可放中间，后面）。
定语从句(2)
第
1 步
专题九 定语从句
第 3
步
第
2 步
第二部分 专题九
第1页
高考一轮总复习 ·英语
定语从句高考考点
第 1
考点一
步
考点二
考点三
第
2 步
考点四
关系代词引导的定语从句
关系副词引导的定语从句
第
3
“介词＋关系代词”引导的定语从句 步
as，which引导的定语从句
考点五 way和time后接定语从句的情况
之一是减缓全球范围的饥荒。
第
2 步
②Trading leather shoes is the business ___o_n_e_o_f_w__h_o_s_e___
the Greens are devoted. 皮鞋生意是格林一家所专注的事业。
第二部分 专题九
第21页
高考一轮总复习 ·英语
③[2016·浙江]The study suggests that the cultures we grow
2
步 (＝whose price) was very reasonable.
最近我买了个古代的花瓶，它的价钱很合理。
第二部分 专题九
第22页
高考一轮总复习 ·英语
第
1
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⑤His head soon appeared out of the window，
__f_r_o_m__w_h_e_r_e_____he saw nothing but trees.
3
关系副词where引导定语从句；如果作主语、宾语或表语，则 步
第 2
用关系代词that/which引导定语从句。
定语从句2
关系词只能用as
He uses the same dictionary as I do. 他用的词典和我用的一样。
关系代词和关系副词如何区别？
1. 关系代词: that,who,which,whom,whose 在定语从句中可以作主语、宾语、定语和表语 2.关系副词：when, where, why 在定语从句中作原因、地点、时间状语
Remember: 关系词用关系代词还是用关 系副词关键要看先行词在从句中作什么 成份而定。即要把先行词放回从句中看 是作主语、宾语还是状语而定。
we met last month.
(2) We will meet at the same place that／which _____________ we visited last month.
This is also part of your work, as I told you before. 我曾经告诉你了，这是你工作的一部分。
a. I’ll never forget the time
作spent的宾语
that/which we spent together in Paris. 我永远不会忘记我们在巴黎一起渡过的那段时 间。
b. I’ll remember the time when we often stayed together. 我会记住我们在一起的那段时间。 （在那段时间，我们在一起）
1.The reason _______he missed the speech is that why he forgot the time. 原因状语 2.The reason____________he gave us sounded that\which reasonable.
定语从句 2
初中定语从句2一、何时用关系副词when, where, why引导定语从句？when 引导定语从句:先行词是表示时间的名词而且是从句动作发生的时间时，用when引导定语从句。
I’ll never forget the day when (= on which ) I met you.This was the time when ( =at which ) he left for Beijing .We will put off the outing until next week, when(=in which) we won’t be busy.where 引导定语从句:先行词是表示地点的名词或含有地点意义的抽象名词而且是从句动作发生的地点时，用where引导定语从句。
This is the town where (= in which ) I spent my childhood.The table at which she is sitting is a new one.I’ll show you the point where you failed.why引导定语从句:先行词是reason并且从句是表示结果时，用why引导定语从句。
This is the reason why ( = for which ) I didn’t come here.The reason ________________ she gave was not true.特别注意：当定语从句缺主语或宾语才直接用which或that引导定语从句。
The library _______________________ students often study was on fire last night.The library, _______ was built in the 1930s,needs repairing.The library _______________ you visited yesterday was built in 1990.I’ll never forget the day _____________________ we first met in the park.I’ll never forget the time ______________ I spe nt on campus.I’ll never forget the time ______________ was spent with you.二、介词+关系代词应注意的情况1. who、that 不能用与介词之后The man who/whom you spoke to was a scientist. The man to whom you spoke was a scientist. The city that/which she lives in is far away. The city in which she lives is far away.2. 在固定短语中介词不能提前Is this the watch that you are looking for? The old man whom I am looking after is better .三、如何确定介词？把先行词接到从句谓语后面去,看需要什么介词1、看定语从句中动词与介词的搭配He is the man _____ whom I think you can depend.The house ____ which he paid 100,000 yuan is very beautiful.2、看定语从句中形容词与介词的搭配He referred me to some reference books ______ which I am not very familiar.This is the hero _____ whom we are proud.3、根据先行词判断，所用的介词与先行词搭配The school ______ which I study is the No. 11 high school.The rate/speed ______ which wild animals are being destroyed has increased.The age______ which children can go to school is seven.4.根据从句中动词与先行词搭配来选用介词，这时是两者兼顾。
定语从句(2)
4) Her bag, in __w_h__ic_h__ she put all her money, has been stolen.
5) She heard a terrible noise， _w_h__ic_h_ brought her heart into her mouth.
2. Tomorrow I will bring here a book fo_r_w__h_ich you asked.
定语从句(2)
难点一：as的用法
1. It is such a big stone __a_s__ nobody can lift.
2. __A_s___ is known to all, he is the best student. 3. This is the same watch as I lost.
Translate the following English proverbs into Chinese and then pick out the attributive clauses.
1. God helps those who help
themselves .
天助自助者.
2. He who laughs last laughs best . 笑到最后的人才是英雄.
归 指代事物 which, that, as 纳 所属关系 whose
系 代
总 结
指地点 指时间
where when
关 系
词
指原因 why
副
做题技巧?
词
先分析定语从句中缺少什么成分
定语从句 2
第17课定语从句 2导言互译时注意这一语言差异，对掌握英语很有帮助。
在学习定语从句时，请注意关系代词和关系副词的区别，关系代词在从句中起到的是名词的作用，而关系副词起的是副词或介词短语的作用，即状语的作用。
▲关系副词WHEN-----代替时间WHERE-----代替地点WHY-----代替原因WHEN先行词关系副词在从句中做状语从以上的例句中可以看出，关系副词在从句中代替的是一个介词短语，相当于on the day，做状语。
该句也可以用关系代词来做。
请注意关系代词与关系副词的区别。
●先行词关系代词在从句中做介词on●WHERE●看，那就是我出生的房子。
注：where在从句中充当状语，代替in the house，该句也可以用关系代词来做。
WHY●I know the reason. She is unhappy for the reasontoday.●关系副词why代替从句中for the reason。
此句可以用关系代词做。
●●I know the reason▲as引导定语从句，先行词可以是一个名词，也可以是一个短语或一个句子。
as本身含有“像”的意思，而从句的位置不一定要在先行词之后●know的宾语代替前面整个句子(As you know, the earth moves around the sun.)正像你所知道那样地球围绕太阳运行。
●as-----------Miguel de Cervantes, Spanish novelist正如我的一位祖母说过的那样，这个世界上只有两家人：那就是富人和穷人。
-----西班牙小说家塞万提斯.M.●Money is the sinews（力量） of love, asAs = Money is the sinews-----------George Farquhar, Irish dramatist金钱是爱情的支柱，犹如金钱是战争的支柱一样。
高中英语 定语从句(二)
4) Her bag, in _____w_h_i_chshe put all her money, has been stolen.
5) She heard a terrible noise， ______wbhriocuhght her heart into her mouth.
以上句子中的定语都有单词或短语充当， 但如果是复杂的定语就应用定语从句
如：住在我们学校的那个老人是个退休工人
The old man who lives in our school is a retired woker. 我哥哥昨天买的那本书非常有趣
The book which my brother bought yesterday ie very interesting.
The boy whom I spoke to just now is admitted to a famous university.
Whose通常指人，也可指物，在句中作定语
That is the boy whose mother is a disabled women. The room whose windows face south is our dorm.
1.The way __t_h_a_t_/i_n_w__h_ic_h_/_不__填_he explained the
sentence to us was not difficult to understand. 2.The way ____________t_h_a_t_/ _whheicehx/p不la填ined to us
基础知识回顾: 定语从句关系词及其意 义
定语从句2
Rewrite the sentence using the attributive clause: 1. I remember the day. “The Beatles” played their first hit on that day. I remember the day when “The Beatles” played their first hit.
5 when, where, why 与that, which 的区分 why This is the reason ___________ ( = for which ) I didn’t come here. which/that The reason __________ she gave was not true. 指时间， 指时间，地点或原因的先行词在定语 从句中作主语或宾语， 从句中作主语或宾语，用which或that 或 引导定语从句。 引导定语从句。
1.This is the best TV _____ is made in that China. 2.The first museum _____ he visited in that China was the History Museum. 先行词被形容词最高级或序数词修 饰时，引导定语从句用that 。 饰时，引导定语从句用
对比练习
1. It is very useful to master a foreign which language,_____ has been said before. 2 ___ everyone hoped, Mary has As won the first prize. as引导定语从句可放在句首，句中， 引导定语从句可放在句首， 引导定语从句可放在句首 句中， 句末， 句末，而which 引导定语从句不能放 在句首.as译为正如 好像, 译为正如， 在句首 译为正如，好像 which 则 没有此义。 没有此义。
定语从句 (2)
注意：１． 含有介词的短语动词一般不拆开，介词仍放在短语动 词的后面。如：look for, look after, take care of 等。 This is the watch (which / that) I am looking for. (正) This is the watch for which I am looking . (误) The babies (whom / who / that) the nurse is looking after are very healthy. (正) The babies after whom the nurse is looking are very healthy. （误） ２．若介词放在关系代词前，关系代词指人时只可用whom，不可 用who, that；关系代词指物时只可用which，不可用that。关系代词 是所有格时用whose。 The man with whom you talked just now is my neighbour. (正) The man with that / who you talked just now is my neighbour. (误) The plane in which we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (正) The plane in that we flew to Canada was really comfortable. (误)
定语从句2
定语从句学案一：定语从句的概念什么是定语1.This is a new book.2.Can you see the sleeping boy?3 .I want the book on the desk.定语：用来修饰名词的成分叫定语。
定语从句就是：顾名思义，用来修饰名词的句子。
定语从句一般放在所修饰名词的后面。
能找出下面的定语从句吗？1.This is a book that is new.2.Can you see the boy who is sleeping?3.I want the book which is on the desk.二.分析：被定语从句所修饰的名词叫先行词，引导定语从句的连接词叫关系词。
关系词在语意上等同于先行词。
1.I have a good friend who often helps me.2.I like the pen that I bought yesterday.3.He is not the man that he was.4.He met a man, who lost his way.关系词分为关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有：that, which, who, whom,whose,as.关系副词有：where, when ,why.that 人/物主语/宾语which 物主语/宾语who 人主语whom 人宾语whose +名词主语as 译为正如….一样主语where 地点状语（具体，抽象:case,situation,job）when 时间状语why 原因状语(the reason why). as常用在as often happens, as was pointed out, as was said above, as I remember, as I understand, the same.. as , such ...as, as is known to all等结构中注意：way 做先行词时，连接词用that, in which, /.三．五大基本句型1.主语+谓语I sleep. I run. I walk.2.主语+谓语+宾语I love you. I see you. I visit Anyang.3.主语+谓语+宾语+宾语She gives me a book. She brought me a cat.4.主语+谓语+宾语+补语She makes me happy.5.主语+系动词+表语I am cool. You are beautiful. They are teachers.能一下背出下面的句子吗，知道是什么句型吗？A girl comes. She is beautiful. I love her. I gives her a ring. I makes her happy.填关系代词或关系副词，能说出它们在定语从句中作什么成分吗？有什么启示？1.This is Anyang ______ is beautiful.2.This is Anyang ______ I built 2 years ago.3.There is a house _______ window is broken.4.This is the factory ______ was built last winter.5.I’ll never forget the day ______ I spent with you on the island.6.I often think of the holiday ____ I stayed with my uncle.启示：看到空后是动词，关系词肯定是做主语的。
定语从句2
2. 当先行词被序数词修饰 (1) The first place that they visited in London was the Big Ben. 3. 当先行词被形容词最高级修饰时 (1) This is the best film that I have seen. 4. 当形容词被the very, the only 修饰时 (1) This is the very dictionary that I want to buy, (2) After the fire in his house, the old car is the only thing that he owned.
定语从句巩固与练习
1.His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor. A.of whom B.whom C.of whose D.whose
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Hale Waihona Puke 2.In the dark street , there wasn’t a single person _____ she could turn for help. A.that B.who C.from whom D.to whom 3.The weather turned out to be very good , ____ was more than we could expect. A.what B.which C.that D.it
3. why指原因，在定语从句中做原因状语 (1) Please tell me the reason why you missed the plane. 注意：关系副词可以用“介词+关系代词” 替换 The reason why / for which he refused the invitation is not clear, From the year when / in which he was going to school he began to know what he wanted when he grew up. Great changes have taken place in the city where / in which I was born.
定语从句2
组合
4.在there is / here is / it is 句型中
4. There is no dictionary that you can find.
在there is / here is / it is 句 型中
5. Is oxygen the only gas that helps fire burn?
1.which 指代物或句子 , 在从句中充当主语或宾语。 This is the English book which I bought yesterday. 这就是我昨天买的那本英语书。 He passed the driving test, which made him very excited. 他通过了驾照考试 , 这使他很兴奋。
2.that 指代人或物 , 在从句中充当主语或宾语。 Who is the boy that won the gold medal?
几种定语从句的关系词混用考点
考点一：that 与 which
1. Is there anything else that you require? 2.There is no dictionary that you can find. 3.He talked happily about the men and books that interested him greatly in the school. 4.Which was the hotel that was recommended to you? 5. Is oxygen the only gas that helps fire burn?
3.He is the only doctor _t_ha_t__I trust in the hospital.
第7讲.定语从句(二).教师版
定语从句非限定性定语从句非限定性定语从句的作用是对所修饰的成分作进一步说明，通常是引导词和先行词之间用逗隔开，将从句拿掉后其他部分仍可成立1. which 引导的非限定性定语从句来说明前面整个句子的情况或主句的某一部分2. 当先行词被专有名词或物主代词和指示代词所修饰时，其后的定语从句通常是非限制性的。
如：Charles Smith, who was my former teacher, retired last year.查理·史密斯去年退休了，他曾经是我的老师。
My house, which I bought last year, has got a lovely garden.我去年买的的那幢房子带着个漂亮的花园。
This novel, which I have read three times, is very touching.这本小说很动人，我已经读了三遍。
3. 非限制性定语从句还能将整个主句作为先行词, 对其进行修饰, 这时从句谓语动词要用第三人称单数。
如：He seems not to have grasped what I meant, which greatly upsets me.他似乎没抓住我的意思，这使我心烦。
Liquid water changes to vapor, which is called evaporation.液态水变为蒸汽，这就叫做蒸发。
4. 有时as 也可用作关系代词如：You can take as many as you need.你可以根据需要尽量拿。
Let’s meet at the same place as we did yesterday.咱们在昨天见面的同一地方见面吧。
热身练习一、单项选择。
1. Is that the reason _____ you are in favor of the proposal?A. whichB. whatC. whyD. for that语法考点 本讲内容第七讲定语从句（二）2. He has two sons, _____ work as chemists.A. two of whomB. both of whomC. both of whichD. all of whom3. The buses, _____ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A. most of thatB. which mostC. most of whichD. that most4. My glasses, _____ I was like a blind man, fell to the ground and broke.A. whichB. with whichC. without whichD. that5. I will hire the man _____ they say is a good English speaker.A. whoB. thatC. whichD. whomKey: CBCCA二、选用适当的关系词填空。
英语语法——定语从句 (2)(DOC)
定语从句定语从句（Attributive Clauses）在句中做定语，修饰一个名词或代词，被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后，由关系词（关系代词或关系副词）引出。
定语从句及相关术语定语从句定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的从句，其作用是作定语修饰主句的某个名词性成分，相当于形容词，所以又称为形容词性从句，一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
在复合句中，修饰某一名词或代词叫做定语从句。
关系词引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词，关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that, which, who, whom, whose, as等，绝对没有what；关系副词有where, when, why 等。
关系词常有3个作用：①连接作用，引导定语从句。
②代替主句中的先行词，甚至可能是主句中的一部分或者整个主句。
③在定语从句中充当一句子成分。
注：关系代词有主语、宾语之分。
一般whom作为宾语。
关系代词在从句中作主语，宾语，表语，定语等，关系副词在从句中作地点状语，时间状语，原因状语等。
定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的，是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语（动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语）或句子，汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
主要由形容词担任，此外，名词，代词，数词，分词，副词，不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任，也可以由一个句子来担任。
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前，作前置定语。
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后，作后置定语。
先行词被定语从句修饰的名词、代词称为先行词。
关系代词引导的定语从句举例关系代词所代替的先行词是人或物的名词或代词，并在从句中充当主语、宾语、定语等成分。
关系代词在定语从句中作主语时，从句谓语动词的人称和数要和先行词保持一致。
who, whom, that这些词代替的先行词是人的名词或代词，who做主语指人，whom作宾语指人，that既可作主语又可作宾语（作宾语可以省略），可以指人也可以指物。
【英语语法】定语从句(二)
【热点语法】英语定语从句（二）山东潍坊刘永科五、非限制性定语从句根据定语从句与先行词之间关系的紧密程度，我们将定语从句分为限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句两种。
上篇文章涉及的内容是限制性定语从句及其有关事项，本文主要讲解非限制性定语从句。
1、限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句的差别：限制性定语从句用来修饰和限定先行词，与主句的关系非常密切，不用逗号和主句隔开。
它说明先行词的性质、身份、特征等状况；如果去掉，则会影响句子意思的完整。
A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.医生就是负责人们的健康的人。
This is the school where Yao Ming studied.这就是姚明学习过的学校。
I still remember the time when I first traveled by plane.我仍然记得第一次坐飞机旅行的时间。
This is the diamond (which/that) the lady has lost. 这就是那位女士丢失的钻石。
非限制性定语从句与主句的关系不像限制性定语从句那样紧密，只是对先行词作些附加说明，即使去掉，主句的意思依然清楚完整。
它与主句之间通常用逗号分开。
翻译时常常不译作定语，而是单独译成与主句并列的句子。
Last night I saw a very good film, which was about the Second World War.昨晚我看了一部非常好的电影，是关于第二次世界大战的。
My parents live in my hometown, which is about 30 kilometers from here.我的父母住我的家乡，离这里大约30千米。
Millar, who is a distant relative of mine, studies in Yale now. 米拉是我的一位远房亲戚，她现在耶鲁学习。
定语从句(二)
定语从句（二）一：巩固复习1. This is the best hotel in the city _______ I know.2. Your teacher of Chinese is a young lady ____ comes from Beijing.3. Is there anything else _______ you want?4. What’s the name of the man ______ car you borrowed?5. All the apples ____ fall are eaten by wild boars.6. Can you think of anyone ____ could look after him?7. Is that the house _________ you bought last year?8. He showed a machine ______ parts are too small to be seen.定义：修饰限定名词或代词的句子就叫做定语从句。
引导定语从句的引导词有：关系代词：who, whom, whose, which, that关系副词：when , where , why二：关系副词引导的定语从句1.关系副词where （先行词是地点时）A.This is the factory.I worked in the factory ten years ago.This is the factory __________ I worked ten years ago.B.This is the factor __________=_______________I worked ten years ago.C.The school_________=___________________ my son studies is near a park.where 引导的定语从句修饰表示地点的名词, 并在定语从句中作_________,相当于“介词+ _________ (which)”。
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介词+关系代词引导的定语从句一、介词+关系代词“介词+关系代词”引导的定语从句多用于正式问题，使用的关系代词一般是which/whom，它既可以引导限制性定语从句，也可以引导非限制性定语从句, 指人时只能用whom, 指物时只能用which, 即介词+which/whom.常有以下几种结构：1.介词+关系代词(which/whom)Mandela was the black lawyer to whom I went for advice.= Mandela was the black lawyer (whom/who/that) I went to for advice.Yesterday he bought a telescope through which he could study the sky.2.介词的选择，该结构主要从以下几方面考虑。
先行词跟介词的搭配I 'll never forget the day on which we worked together in the countryside.(把the day带入从句后，加on 才成立，即we worked together on the day in the countryside)The clever boy made a hole in the wall, through which we could see what was happening inside the house. (through which即through the hole)(2)定语从句中动词、形容词等对介词的搭配要求The two things of which they felt pound were Jim's gold watch and Della's hair.有时候还有从逻辑意义方面考虑Do you know the girl _____ whom the man talked just now?(talk后用to, with还是about,则根据先行词、定语从句中的动词talk考虑，此处用with或to 比较好）特别提示有些动词短语不能拆开，则不能转化成“介词+关系代词”结构，介词仍然放在动词的后面。
常见的这类动词有：look for, look after, take care of 等The babies whom the nurses are taking care of are very healthy.巩固练习：介词如何选1.Do you like the book _______________ she spent $10?2.Do you like the book _______________ she paid $10?3.Do you like the book _______________ she learned a lot?4.Do you like the book _______________ she often talks?5.I have a pair of glasses, __________ ___________ I can’t see anything7. This is the car ___________ I go to work every day.8. This is the car ___________ I can’t go to work.9. This is the car ___________ the old man was knocked down.10. This is the car ___________ a boy threw a stone.11. This is the car ___________ we talked.13.Daniel is the person ______________ I talked just now.______________ I worked together.______________ I learned the news.下面句子中，介词能提前吗？Is this the watch that you are looking for?The old man whom I am looking after is better.3.特殊句型：（1）"介词+关系代词"后接不定式短语作后置定语，相当于一个定语从句。
He has a knife with which to defend himself. = He has a knife with which he can defend himself. （2）先行词way后定语从句当先行词是way，在从句中作方式状语时，引导定语从句的关系词有in which, that和不用任何关系词这三种形式。
I don't understand the way in which/that/- they worked out the problem.试比较以下两个句子关系词的不同The way that/which /-he explained to us was not difficult to understand. ( 关系代词that/which 在从句中作宾语）The way that/in which/-- he explained the sentence to us was not difficult to understand.(关系词在从句中作状语，相当于in this/that way）典例I will tell you the way _____ you can study English well, because I know the way ____ you have accepted is not the best.how; how B. that; that C. which; which D. in which; in which名词/代词/数词/形容词比较级，最高级/序数词/百分数/分数+of+关系代词(which/whom) Last Sunday I bought some books from bookstore, three of which were English novels.= Last Sunday I bought some books from the bookstore, of which three were English novels.He wrote a book, the name of which I've completely forgotten.The old man has two daughters, both of whom are doctors.China has thousands of islands, the largest of which is Taiwan.在正式书面英语中，可用of which 或of whom 来代替whose，但要注意定冠词的使用In my class there are 50 students, the backgrounds of whom are different.=whose backgrounds are different.I have a pencil-box, the cover of which is red.=whose cover is red.注意观察以下几个句子：Recently I bought an ancient vase，the price of which was very reasonable.whose priceof which the priceRecently I bought an ancient vase，and its price was very reasonable.Recently I bought an ancient vase，its price very reasonable.（4）当先行词为one of +复数名词，从句谓语动词用复数形式；the only/very one +复数名词是，从句谓语动词用单数形式。
（1）He is one of the students who have made great progress.(2) He is the only one of the students who has great progress.课后检测1.The buses, ______ were already full, were surrounded by an angry crowd.A. most of themB. most of whichC. which mostD. that most2. There are two buildings , ______ stands nearly a hundred feet high .A. the largerB. the larger of themC. the larger one thatD. the larger of which3. Recently my father bought a Chinese painting, ______ was very reasonable.A. the price of whoseB. which priceC. the price of whichD. it price4. The building beyond the river is a gym, ______ is a large square, where all kinds of concerts are usually held.A. in the south of whichB. whereC. to the south of itD. south of which5. They have started an investigation, _______are being kept secret.A. the details of whichB. which detailsC. the detailsD. the details of that6. The man ______ has gone to Japan.A. whom I told youB. that I told youC. whom I told you about himD. I told you about7. The doctor ______ is going to Europe next year.A. which the manager is talking toB. who the manager is talkingC. the manager is talking to himD. the manager is talking to8. He is ______ everyone respects.A. the personB. the one whichC. whomD. who9. Do you know the man ______ just now?A. to who I noddedB. I nodded toC. whom I noddedD. Whom I nodded to him.10. The doctor ______ is leaving for Africa next month.A. the nurse is talking to himB. whom the nurse is talkingC. the nurse is talking toD. who the nurse is talking11. In the dark street, there wasn’t a single person ______ she could turn for help.A. thatB. whoC. from whomD. to whom12. The doctor ______ she sent her friend is very famous.A. to whomB. to whoseC. whomD. at whom13. The gentleman ______ you told me yesterday proved to be a thief.A. whoB. about whomC. whomD. with whom14. Pass me the book ______ cover is red.A. whichB. whoseC. whatD. that15. His parents wouldn’t let him marry anyone ______ family was poor.A. of whomB. whomC. of whoseD. whose16. The girl ______ aunt is a famous singer is fond of music.A. whoB. whomC. thatD. whose17. It was a meeting ______ importance I didn’t realize at that time.A. whichB. of whichC. thatD. whose18. Is this the museum ____ the exhibition was held?Is this the museum ____you visited?A. whereB. thatC. on which19. That is the town ______ he was born.A.whichB. whereC. whenD. why20. Is this the factory __________ he worked ten years ago?A. thatB. whereC. whichD. the one21. Is this the river _____I can swim？A. whichB. in whichC. thatD. the one22. I love places ______the people are really friendly.A. thatB. whichC. whereD. who23. It there anyone in your class ______family is in the country?A. whoB. who'sC. whichD. whose24. I can never forget the day _______ we worked together and the day ______ we spent together.A. when; whichB. which; whenC. what; thatD. on which; when25. This is the reason ______he didn't come to the meeting.A. in whichB. with whichC. thatD. for which填空：1.This is the man _____often helps you.2.He is the student _______composition won the first prize.3.Don’t get close to the house _____roof is under repair.4.The person with _______I shook hands is my teacher.5. The house I lived ten years ago has been pulled down.6. The house I lived in ten years ago has been pulled down.7. I don’t know the reason he looks unhappy today.8.①This is the market _____you can buy many things .②This is the market _____sells all kinds of things.9. (1) There’s one point _____we must insist on.(2) She reached a point ____she was supposed to make decisions of her own.10. (1) I didn’t believe the reason _____he explained to me.(2) I didn’t beli eve the reason ____ he went there.11. It’s a job ____ you are doing something serious but interesting.It’s a job_______ I dislike12. There was a time ____I hated to go to school.。