信息与计算科学中英文对照外文翻译文献
计算机类_外文文献_翻译
本科毕业论文
外文文献及译文
文献、资料题目：Core Java™ V olume II–Advanced
Features
文献、资料来源：著作
文献、资料发表（出版）日期：2008.12.1
院（部）：计算机科学与技术学院
专业：网络工程
班级：网络082
姓名：刘治华
学号：2008111242
指导教师：许丽娜
翻译日期：2012.5.10
外文文献：
Core Java™ Volume II–Advanced Features When Java technology first appeared on the scene, the excitement was not about a well-crafted programming language but about the possibility of safely executing applets that are delivered over the Internet (see V olume I, Chapter 10 for more information about applets). Obviously, delivering executable applets is practical only when the recipients are sure that the code can't wreak havoc on their machines. For this reason, security was and is a major concern of both the designers and the users of Java technology. This means that unlike other languages and systems, where security was implemented as an afterthought or a reaction to break-ins, security mechanisms are an integral part of Java technology.
计算机系——外文翻译(中英对照-3000汉字左右)
毕业设计(论文)外文资料翻译
系别计算机信息与技术系
专业计算机科学与技术
班级
姓名
学号
外文出处
附件 1. 原文； 2. 译文
2012年3月
History of computing
Main article: History of computing hardware
The first use of the word "computer" was recorded in 1613, referring to a person who carried out calculations, or computations, and the word continued with the same meaning until the middle of the 20th century. From the end of the 19th century the word began to take on its more familiar meaning, a machine that carries out computations.
Limited-function early computers
The Jacquard loom, on display at the Museum of Science and Industry in Manchester, England, was one of the first programmable devices.
The history of the modern computer begins with two separate technologies, automated calculation and programmability, but no single device can be identified as the earliest computer, partly because of the inconsistent application of that term. A few devices are worth mentioning though, like some mechanical aids to computing, which were very successful and survived for centuries until the advent of the electronic calculator, like the Sumerian abacus, designed around 2500 BC of which a descendant won a speed competition against a modern desk calculating machine in Japan in 1946, the slide rules, invented in the 1620s, which were carried on five Apollo space missions, including to the moon and arguably the astrolabe and the Antikythera mechanism, an ancient astronomical computer built by the Greeks around 80 BC. The Greek mathematician Hero of Alexandria (c. 10–70 AD) built a mechanical theater which performed a play lasting 10 minutes and was operated by a complex system of ropes and drums that might be considered to be a means of deciding which parts of the mechanism performed which actions and when. This is the essence of programmability.
计算机专业中英文翻译(外文翻译、文献翻译)
英文参考文献及翻译
Linux - Operating system of cybertimes
Though for a lot of people , regard Linux as the main operating system to make up huge work station group, finish special effects of " Titanic " make , already can be regarded as and show talent fully. But for Linux, this only numerous news one of. Recently, the manufacturers concerned have announced that support the news of Linux to increase day by day, users' enthusiasm to Linux runs high unprecedentedly too. Then, Linux only have operating system not free more than on earth on 7 year this piece what glamour, get the favors of such numerous important software and hardware manufacturers as the masses of users and Orac le , Informix , HP , Sybase , Corel , Intel , Netscape , Dell ,etc. , OK?
信息与计算科学中英文对照外文翻译文献
中英文对照外文翻译文献
(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)
【Abstract】Under the network environment the library information resource altogether constructs sharing is refers to all levels of each kind of library basis user to the social information demand, through network use computer, correspondence, electron, multimedia and so on advanced information technology, the high idealization carries on the synthesis cooperation development and the use activity to various collections information resource and the network resources . The market economy swift and violent development, the networking unceasing renewal, the information age arrival, had decided the future library trend of development will be implements the information resource altogether to construct sharing, already achieved the social mutual recognition about this point.This is because:libraries implement the information resource altogether to construct sharing are solve the knowledge information explosion and the collection strength insufficient this contradictory important way..
计算机科学与技术 外文翻译 英文文献 中英对照
附件1：外文资料翻译译文
大容量存储器
由于计算机主存储器的易失性和容量的限制, 大多数的计算机都有附加的称为大容量存储系统的存储设备, 包括有磁盘、CD 和磁带。相对于主存储器，大的容量储存系统的优点是易失性小，容量大，低成本, 并且在许多情况下, 为了归档的需要可以把储存介质从计算机上移开。
术语联机和脱机通常分别用于描述连接于和没有连接于计算机的设备。联机意味着，设备或信息已经与计算机连接，计算机不需要人的干预，脱机意味着设备或信息与机器相连前需要人的干预，或许需要将这个设备接通电源，或许包含有该信息的介质需要插到某机械装置里。
大量储存器系统的主要缺点是他们典型地需要机械的运动因此需要较多的时间，因为主存储器的所有工作都由电子器件实现。
1. 磁盘
今天，我们使用得最多的一种大量存储器是磁盘，在那里有薄的可以旋转的盘片，盘片上有磁介质以储存数据。盘片的上面和（或）下面安装有读/写磁头，当盘片旋转时，每个磁头都遍历一圈，它被叫作磁道，围绕着磁盘的上下两个表面。通过重新定位的读/写磁头，不同的同心圆磁道可以被访问。通常，一个磁盘存储系统由若干个安装在同一根轴上的盘片组成，盘片之间有足够的距离，使得磁头可以在盘片之间滑动。在一个磁盘中，所有的磁头是一起移动的。因此，当磁头移动到新的位置时，新的一组磁道可以存取了。每一组磁道称为一个柱面。
因为一个磁道能包含的信息可能比我们一次操作所需要得多，所以每个磁道划分成若干个弧区，称为扇区，记录在每个扇区上的信息是连续的二进制位串。传统的磁盘上每个磁道分为同样数目的扇区，而每个扇区也包含同样数目的二进制位。（所以，盘片中心的储存的二进制位的密度要比靠近盘片边缘的大）。
计算机专业英文文献
What Is an Object?
Objects are key to understanding object-oriented technology. You can look around you now and see many examples of real-world objects: your dog, your desk, your television set, your bicycle.
Real-world objects share two characteristics: They all have state and behavior. For example, dogs have state (name, color, breed, hungry) and behavior (barking, fetching, wagging tail). Bicycles have state (current gear, current pedal cadence, two wheels, number of gears) and behavior (braking, accelerating, slowing down, changing gears).
Software objects are modeled after real-world objects in that they too have state and behavior. A software object maintains its state in one or more variables.
计算机中英论文
计算机专业毕业论文中英对照翻译’
(2009-06-02 02:21:23)
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计算机专业中英文文献翻译
1
In the past decade the business environment has changed dramatically. The world has become a small and very dynamic marketplace. Organizations today confront new markets, new competition and increasing customer expectations. This has put a tremendous demand on manufacturers to; 1) Lower total costs in the complete supply chain 2) Shorten throughput times 3) Reduce stock to a minimum 4) Enlarge product assortment 5) Improve product quality 6) Provide more reliable delivery dates and higher service to the customer 7) Efficiently coordinate global demand, supply and production. Thus today's organization have to constantly re-engineer their business practices and procedures to be more and more responsive to customers and competition. In the 1990's information technology and business process re-engineering, used in conjunction with each other, have emerged as important tools which give organizations the leading edge.
信息与计算科学专业(InformationandComputingScience)
信息与计算科学专业 (Information and Computing Science)
本科学制四年，授理学学士学位
信息与计算科学专业是数学、信息科学和计算机科学的交叉学科。它以数学为基础，计算机为工具，解决信息和工程计算领域的实际问题。本专业培养具有良好的数学素养和数学思维能力，掌握信息科学与计算科学的基本理论、方法和技能，受到科学研究的初步训练，能运用所学知识解决信息产业、科学与工程计算领域实际问题的应用型高级专门人才（高级软件工程师），侧重培养学生从事网络与信息安全工作的能力。毕业生能在科技、教育、政府部门、信息产业、地税、房产、银行、金融、统计、信息安全、计算机公司、企业等部门从事信息处理、网络管理、计算理论研究、软件开发应用等工作。
本专业除学习一般的英语、物理等公共基础课外，主要学习数学分析、高等代数、解析几何、概率论与数理统计、复变函数与积分变换、微分方程、信息安全数学基础、离散数学、程序设计语言（C、C++）、数据结构与算法、数据库原理及应用、计算机网络、操作系统、网络工程、面向对象程序设计、汇编语言、数字信号处理、信息论与编码、现代密码学、网络安全技术、计算机图形学、最优化方法、数学建模、数据分析、数值分析、模式识别、小波变换等课程
信息与计算科学专业 (Information and Computing Science)
本科学制四年，授理学学士学位
信息与计算科学专业是数学、信息科学和计算机科学的交叉学科。它以数学为基础，计算机为工具，解决信息和工程计算领域的实际问题。本专业培养具有良好的数学素养和数学思维能力，掌握信息科学与计算科学的基本理论、方法和技能，受到科学研究的初步训练，能运用所学知识解决信息产业、科学与工程计算领域实际问题的应用型高级专门人才（高级软件工程师），侧重培养学生从事网络与信息安全工作的能力。毕业生能在科技、教育、政府部门、信息产业、地税、房产、银行、金融、统计、信息安全、计算机公司、企业等部门从事信息处理、网络管理、计算理论研究、软件开发应用等工作。
计算机科学外文翻译
Binomial heap
In computer science, a binomial heap is a heap similar to a binary heap but also supports quick merging of two heaps. This is achieved by using a special tree structure. It is important as an implementation of the mergeable heap abstract data type(also called meldable heap), which is a priority queue supporting merge operation.
Binomial tree
A binomial heap is implemented as a collection of binomial trees (compare with a binary heap, which has a shape of a single binary tree). A binomial tree is defined recursively:
∙ A binomial tree of order 0 is a single node
∙ A binomial tree of order k has a root node whose children are roots of binomial trees of orders k−1, k−2, ..., 2, 1, 0 (in this order).
计算机科学与技术专业 外文翻译 外文文献 英文文献 记录
外文文献原稿和译文
原稿
Introduction
The creation and maintenance of records relating to the students of an institution are essential to:
. managing the relationship between the institution and the student;
. providing support and other services and facilities to the student;
. controlling the student’s academic progress and measuring their achievement, both at the institution and subsequently;
. providing support to the student after they leave the institution.
In addition, student records contain data which the institution can aggregate and analyse to inform future strategy, planning and service provision.
The number of students in HEIs has increased rapidly in the last twenty years. An institution’s relationship with an individual student has also become increasingly complex because of the range of support services institutions now provide to students and life long learning initiatives. Consequently, the volume and complexity of student records have also increased, as have the resources required to create, maintain, use, retain and dispose of them, irrespective of the format in which they are kept. Ensuring that the personal data contained in student records is controlled and managed in line with the principles of the Data Protection Act 1998 creates an additional complication.
外文翻译----高级数据库应用
信息与计算科学毕业设计
Advanced Database Applications
The 1990s have seen significant changes in the computer industry. In database systems, we have seen the widespread acceptance of RDBMSs for traditional business applications, such as order processing, inventory control, banking, and airline reservations. However, existing RDBMSs have proven inadequate for applications whose needs are quite different from those of traditional business database applications. These applications include:
■computer-aided design (CAD);
■computer-aided manufacturing (CAM);
■computer-aided software engineering (CASE);
■office information systems (OIS) and multimedia systems;
■digital publishing;
计算机科学与技术英文文献
计算机科学与技术英文文献
《专业英语》期末考试课程论文
微软 设计应用
班级：13 级信息管理与信息系统 1 班
学号：2013404020114
姓名：朱敦达
分数：
2015年 12月 25日
微软 设计应用
CGI 具有扩充性能和克服的问题的能力，是微软公司开发的一种新的方式开发建设规模的应用。这就是所谓的替代 high performance 互联网服务器应用程式接口 (ISAPI) 。代替了 housing 功能编程档案，利用 DLLs 代替了复杂的编写程序的过程，同其它软件比较 DLLs 具有很大的优势，在性能上也有所扩充。
Introduction to Development
To overcome the performance and scalability problems that CGI brings, Microsoft developed a new way for developers to build scalable applications. This high performance alternative is called the Internet Server Application Programming Interface(ISAPI). Instead of housing functionality in executable files, ISAPI uses DLLs. Using DLLs instead of executable programs has some definite performance and scalability advantages
计算机专业英文文献翻译
计算机英文文献翻译
INDUSTTRY PERSPECTIVE
USING A DSS TO KEEP THE COST OF GAS DOWN
Think you spend a lot on gas for you car every yer?J.B.Hunt Transportation Inc.spends a lot more..J.B.Hunt moves freight around the country on its 10,000trucks and 48,000 trailers.The company spent$250 million in 2004 on fuel.That figure was up by 40 percent over the previous year.Diesel fuel is the company''s second-largest expense(drivers''wages is the largest),and the freight hauler wanted to find a way to reduce that.part of the answer lay,as it often does,in IT.
In2000,J.B.Hunt installed a decision support system that provides drivers with help in deciding which gas station to stop at for ing statellite communications,the system beams diesel-fuel prices from all over the country straight into the cabs of the tricks.The software accesses a database with local taxes for each area of the country and then calculates for the drivers how much refueling will actually cost.
计算机专业毕业设计论文外文文献中英文翻译(Object)
外文资料
Object landscapes and lifetimes
Technically, OOP is just about abstract data typing, inheritance, and polymorphism, but other issues can be at least as important. The remainder of this section will cover these issues.
One of the most important factors is the way objects are created and destroyed. Where is the data for an object and how is the lifetime of the object controlled? There are different philosophies at work here. C++ takes the approach that control of efficiency is the most important issue, so it gives the programmer a choice. For maximum run-time speed, the storage and lifetime can be determined while the program is being written, by placing the objects on the stack (these are sometimes called automatic or scoped variables) or in the static storage area. This places a priority on the speed of storage allocation and release, and control of these can be very valuable in some situations. However, you sacrifice flexibility because you must know the exact quantity, lifetime, and type of objects while you're writing the program. If you are trying to solve a more general problem such as computer-aided design, warehouse management, or air-traffic control, this is too restrictive.
计算机专业外文文献论文翻译
本科毕业设计
外文文献及译文
文献、资料题目：Evolving Java Without Changing
the Language
文献、资料来源：/articles/
evolving-java-no-lang-change 文献、资料发表（出版）日期：
院（部）：
专业：
班级：
姓名：
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指导教师：
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外文文献：
Evolving Java Without Changing the Language In "The Feel of Java" James Gosling stated that: Java is a blue collar language. It's not PhD thesis material but a language for a job. Java feels very familiar to many different programmers because I had a very strong tendency to prefer things that had been used a lot over things that just sounded like a good idea.
The extraordinary success of Java offers weight to the notion that this was a sensible approach, and if it remains an important goal for Java today, then it makes sense that the language should continue to evolve relatively slowly. In addition to this, the fact that Java is a mature, widely used language causes its evolution to be fraught with difficulty. For one thing, each feature added to the language can change the way it feels in subtle and often unpredictable ways, risking alienating developers who have already adopted it as their language of choice. For another, a feature that makes perfect sense on its own may interact with other features of the language in awkward or unexpected ways. Worse, once a language feature has been added it is all but impossible to remove even if it turns out to be detrimental to the language as a whole. To justify adding a new feature, a language designer must be highly confident that it will be of long term benefit to the language rather than a short term or fashionable solution to a problem that rapidly becomes redundant. To mitigate the risk a language designer will typically experiment by creating a separate language or branch, such as the Pizza language used to experiment with Java's generics, prior to their implementation. The problem with this approach is that the audience for such experiments is both small and self-selecting; obviously they will all be interested in language features, and many may be academics or researchers. An idea which plays well to such an audience may still play badly when it is incorporated into the main language and general programmers start to work with it.
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(文档含英文原文和中文翻译)
中英文对照外文翻译
基于拉格朗日乘数法的框架结构合理线刚度比的研究
【摘要】框架结构是一种常见的多层高层建筑结构；列的合理线刚度比研究是框架结构优化设计中的一个重要方面。本论文研究合理线刚度比时，框架梁、柱的
侧移刚度根据拉格朗日乘数法结构优化的理论和在框架梁、柱的总物质的量一定的前提下，取得最高值。与传统的估计方法和试算梁柱截面尺寸不同，梁、柱的合理的截面尺寸可以在初步设计阶段由派生的公式计算。这种方法不仅作为计算框架梁、柱的截面尺寸基础，确认初步设计阶，而且也被用做类似的结构梁柱合理线刚度比研究的参考。此外，在调整帧梁、柱的截面尺寸的方法的基础上，降低柱的轴向的压缩比，从而达到剪切压缩比和提高结构的延展性。
【关键词】拉格朗日数乘法框架结构刚度比截面尺寸
1 引言
在混凝土框架结构初步设计的期间，通常，框架梁截面高度通过跨度来估算，和截面宽度根据高宽比估算; 框架柱的截面尺寸是根据柱轴压缩的支持柱的面积的比率估算[1]。然而，在估计过程中，初步设计阶段中的一个重要的链，未考虑到柱侧移刚度的影响[2]。列侧移刚度越大，结构层间位的刚度越大，剪切型框架结构的层间位移将越较小。所以，总结构越小的侧向位移将减少地震灾害[3]
所造成的损失。论文的核心是如何得到列侧移刚度的最大值。
同时，列侧移刚度的值与框架梁-柱线刚度直接相关。本论文的目的是为了得到一个合理的框架梁 - 柱的线刚度比，在某个控制范围内获得列侧移刚度的最大值。
计算列横向位移的方法有两种方法：刚度拐点点法和修改拐点法。拐点的方法假定关节的旋转角度为0（当梁柱线性刚度比是大于或等于3时，柱的上端和下端的关节的旋转角度可以取为0，因为它实际上是相当小），即梁的弯曲刚性被视为无穷大。拐点的方法主要是应用于具有比较少层的框架结构。但对于多层、高层框架结构，增加柱截面会导致梁柱线刚度比小于3，在水平荷载作用下，框架结构的所有关节的旋转角度的横向位移会发生不可忽视。因此，一位日本教授武藤提出修改拐点法[4]，即D-值方法。本文采用D-值列侧移刚度的计算法，因为它着重于多层、高层框架结构。
少数在国内外对框架梁柱合理线刚度比的研究，只有梁七黹，源于列侧移刚度的计算方法，比D-值法更加应用广泛；申得氏指出在多层、高层框架结构的柱侧向刚度计算中存在的问题，补充和修改底部和顶部层的列侧向刚度计算公式;
应用于史密斯和库尔博士法，焱鑫田源于梁 - 柱线刚度比的合理值，由计算的最大等效刚度框架柱。
本文计算列侧移刚度的最大值,第一次通过采用在约束条件下结构优化理论，那就是，约束Lagrange乘子法优化理论对框架梁-柱的材料是有一定价值[5]。因此，混凝土框架梁-柱的合理线刚度比在一定范围内可以得到。在初步设计和参考阶段，得出的结论可以作为梁-柱的截面尺寸的一个决定性因素，类似在梁柱框架结构设计的研究
2 用约束拉格朗日乘子法计算框架梁柱的合理线性刚度比
2.1 侧向刚度的框架梁-柱的D值法
以标准层框架结构的中间关节作为一个例子，由D值法计算出梁-柱的侧向位移刚度：
:关节旋转的影响系数；
:框架柱的线性刚度;
:层高；
:梁-柱的平均线性刚度;
:梁柱的线性刚度;
假设所有的梁-柱线性刚度都是，所以，
考虑到框架梁铸在原址层的钢筋混凝土框架结构受限的影响，中间框架梁的转动惯量[6]；
是梁截面的转动惯量，所以，
因此，标准的框架柱侧移刚度得出以下公式：
因为,侧移刚度列进一步推导出下述公式：
2.2 基于拉格朗日乘数法得到合理线刚度比
为了获得框架柱的侧移刚度最大D值，我们需要找到目标函数：
（1）
假设截面框架梁是和截面框架柱是，在材料总量是A的前提下，在材料总量是A的前提下，公式满足这个约束条件，得：
（2）
通过拉格朗日数乘法来获得目标函数：
因为
所以
（3）
E : 混凝土的弹性模量；
同理，柱线性刚度可以用下面的公式推导：
因此我们得到：
（4）
把公式（3）和公式（4）代入公式（2），得，
可以进一步推导：
（5）
(T是定值)
在一定约束条件下，根据拉格朗日数乘法，目标函数可以由公式（5）得到：（6）
分别对求各自的偏导，并且令其偏导数为0，得：
整理上述方程，得，
（7）
从等式（7）对开根号，得：
（8）
上面的公式是在框架结构标准层中间接头的柱的侧移刚度是最大时的梁-柱线性刚度比，即合理梁柱线刚度比。
同理，我们可以在框架结构柱的侧移刚度是最大时，得出标准层侧接头的合理线刚度比。
（9）
3 工程梁柱合理线刚度的应用
3.1多层和高层框架结构的合理线刚度应用
在消耗材料量是一个定值前提下，框架结构的标准框架层的中间关节作为梁-柱线性刚度比满足式（8），且框架结构标准层框架侧接头作为线性刚度比满足公式（9），那么框架结构侧向位移刚度将一直保持最大值。
显然，那么总的侧向位移是最小的结构就在这时[7]; 其工程应用价值不言而喻。
在一般的框架结构中，柱高和梁跨度满足下面的公式：
梁-柱的截面高度比满足下式[8]：
对于框架结构的标准层的中间节点，我们可以由等式（8）推出：
（10）
上文中的计算公式在合理线刚度比的梁-柱框架结构的标准层中间接头的应用范围。
结果表明，梁-柱的截面尺寸可被相应的计算出来，如果梁-柱线性刚度比满足等式（10）时，框架柱的侧向位移则是最大值。
3.2 例子
在一般负载下，一个10层的、4跨度的钢筋混凝土浇筑在原址框架结构，每层的高度是3.6米，梁跨度为7.2m，梁-柱的混凝土强度等级是一样的。在材料量是定值的前提下，中间框的标准层梁 - 柱中间关节的截面尺寸通用估计方法估