Overseas assembly and country sourcing choices
浅析跨国公司在中国的本土化实施核心战略的几种类型(The localization of multi
浅析跨国公司在中国的本土化实施核心战略的几种类型（The localization of multinational corporations in China andseveral types of core strategy）The localization of multinational corporations in China and several types of core strategyTime: 2011-04-21 15:19:37 source: Graduation Thesis Format: author rankLocalization of production and operation is the most direct manifestation of the localization strategy of multinational corporations. One of the most important reasons for the localization of multinational enterprises is cost reduction.Key words: Multinational Corporation, localization, core strategyUnder the influence of economic globalization, transnational corporations increasingly profound impact on the world economy, directly reflected in the led to the rapid growth of the global foreign trade and economic cooperation, and will enter into the host country economic integration system, strengthen the economic exchanges between the countries. It is an irreversible trend that all countries in the world seek development in a common system. Transnational corporations have entered China for 20 years, forming a consensus that only the localization strategy can be adopted in order to develop in China in the long run. Study on the localization strategy of multinational corporations, Chinese helps formulate and improve relevant policies and regulations, standardize the investment behaviorof multinational companies better in China, while the Chinese multinational companies to go out of the country, foreign investment has a certain referenceI. localization of production and management1. Localization of production operationLocalization of production operation is the most direct manifestation of MNC's localization strategy. One of the most important reasons for the localization of multinational enterprises is cost reduction. In the world trade, the tariff barrier is decreasing day by day, but the non-tariff barrier is increasing day by day. The localization of production is widely used by multinational companies as the best way to avoid all kinds of barriers. Moreover, in order to be close to the market, multinational corporations will also consider production in the target market first.Motorola is a multinational company with a high degree of localization in china. Motorola entered China on 1987, the first to set up offices in Beijing, was incorporated in 1992 in Tianjin Motorola (China) Electronics Co. Ltd., the main products are mobile phone, interphone, wireless communication equipment, automotive electronics etc.. As of now, Motorola has 26 branches in China, with a total investment of about $3 billion 500 million, one of China's largest multinational companies. Motorola signed a contract in Tianjin in August 2004 to invest 16 billion yuan to build the most advanced semiconductor integrated production center in china. The scale economy brought about by Motorola's localization andproduction operations in China has become a major advantage of transnational operations and is conducive to promoting the strategy of global integration.2. Localization of production and purchasingProcurement localization is an important component of transnational corporations' global thinking, and is a strategic choice for multinational companies to weigh the advantages and disadvantages of overseas purchasing and local sourcing according to the global strategic requirements. The transformation of multinational corporations from overseas purchasing to domestic purchasing and domestic production is to better realize the scale economy of production and improve the adaptability of production.China procurement in multinational companies mainly in the retail and manufacturing industry, such as WAL-MART, Carrefour, Metro, Auchan, B&Q etc.. These multinational retail groups in China mainly to fast consumer goods and labor-intensive products, such as clothing, shoes and hats, food and so on. Another category, such as general electric, Ford, SIEMENS, Unilever, and so on, these manufacturing multinational companies in China procurement, mainly to support the production in China and the world. The purchasing speed of transnational corporations in China has increased considerably, and the annual purchases have exceeded 100 billion US dollars, increasing year by year. In 2000, Motorola purchased nearly $1 billion 400 million from China; in 2002 it was as high as $3 billion 800 million; in 2004, Motorola's local purchases amounted to $15 billion 600 million.3, production matching localizationIn multinational companies to enter the Chinese early, mainly China as a low cost processing and assembly base parts, mainly rely on imports, in Chinese manufacturing and the increment of the proportion is low, that correlation of transnational corporations and domestic industry is relatively low China. In recent years, the proportion of domestic production of multinational companies has become higher and higher, and the correlation with China's domestic industries has increased significantly.For example, in order to give the Shanghai Volkswagen car company, Volkswagen in the world supporting enterprises have more than 100 to Chinese investment, a total investment of up to $2 billion 230 million; and the Chongqing Isuzu Motor Ltd joint venture established Qingling motor company, attracted its original set with foreign enterprises to invest in Chongqing, the number and proportion of investment very impressive. At present, more than half of the world's 50 largest auto parts manufacturers have set up joint ventures in China to support joint venture vehicles in china.Two, research and development localizationResearch and development is one of the core functions of multinational corporations, and it is also the main source of multinational corporations' competitive advantage in china. In recent years, with the rapid growth of China's market demand, it becomes necessary for multinational companies to localizetheir research and development,Multinational companies are stepping up investment in research and development activities in China, and a number of independent research and development institutions have been established in china.1. Localization of research and development institutionsTechnology advantage is one of the important monopoly advantages of multinational corporations. When multinational companies make effective use of China's scientific and technological resources, they will be careful to avoid the external diffusion of technology. Therefore, transnational corporations will work together with domestic scientific research institutions to carry out joint research and development on a subject, and make full use of their respective resource advantages to achieve complementarity. In order to build and strengthen the contact and cooperation with colleges and scholars or researchers, the annual IBM company will set up by senior executives and senior technical staff dedicated to the Executive Committee, selected and identified with the significance of the research of scientific research project from famous universities, research and universities together. Peking University, Tsinghua University, Fudan University and other colleges and universities, more than ten projects using this form of cooperation.2, localization of research and development talentsThe localization of research and development talents mainlylies in the form of domestic scientific research institutes and a large number of Chinese high-tech talents who have been recruited into china. Scientific papers. Such as General Electric Research and development center of the contracted projects and personnel training with Zhejiang University, Shanghai Jiao Tong University and Shanghai Institute of ceramics and clean energy development and promotion of electric vehicles use; Rockwell Automation Research Center and the Tsinghua University, Zhejiang University, Harbin Institute of Technology and other 10 universities have signed project cooperation or cooperation laboratory; HP Chinese software research and Development Centre Tsinghua University and China academy, for equipment support and technical guidance, is the effective use of the human resources in science and technology Chinese. The vast majority of multinational research and development institutions of talent localization index is more than 60%.Three. Localization of human resourcesThe advantages of transnational corporations' global operation can only be transferred to China through human resources, and human resources localization is the guarantee to ensure the advantages of transfer. Scientific papers.1, foreign personnel localization measuresThe language barrier is key to multinational foreign personnel management, so that foreign personnel localization, the first is to master the foreign staff Chinese language, then gradually understand the local customs and practices Chinese, in-depthunderstanding of Chinese way, which will be conducive to the management of foreign personnel of Chinese staff.The most significant Samsung Corp for foreign personnel localization efforts, every year will be sent to the senior management personnel China learn from headquarters, the main content is to learn Chinese, and understand the China related laws and policies and local customs and practices. Upon completion of the study period, the management of the study shall submit the information about China collected and collected in China in the form of reports and conduct publicity studies in the company.2, the effective use of local human resourcesThe localization of multinational corporations in China's human resources localization is to attract useful talents from china. China local expatriate personnel is relatively stable, can enhance the continuity of multinational companies in Chinese strategy, can give full play to the advantages of low cost and market knowledge, the relationship between the future resources, help multinational companies to establish a good relationship with customers, employees in Chinese, the government and the administrative department, the multinational companies to establish a good image. Such as NOKIA in China has nearly 4000 employees, including local staff accounted for more than 90%; the number of foreign staff of Unilever has China area decreased by 80%, 90% of the current senior management positions by Chinese as. WAL-MART, the world's largest retailer, has basically achieved its localization in China, with 99% of its more than 16000 Chineseemployees coming from the region. Ericsson (China) Co., Ltd.12 general manager / president level managers are 9 Chinese employees, 25 of the 21 department directors are local talent. Scientific papers.Four, marketing localization1, channel localizationThe role of channels is to complete the transfer of products from producers to consumers, and to bridge the gap between producers and consumers. A good channel can not only reduce the uncertainty of the environment, thus saving the transaction cost, but also can improve the performance through effective resource preparation. Because of the complexity of channel construction and long-term, multinational companies choose agents use their existing products in the domestic sales channels, in under the condition of low cost, the advantages of agents, to achieve the purpose of occupying the market quickly.2, brand localizationMultinational companies from brand name design to brand promotion and so on, are committed to and China's culture, social customs and consumer values and so on, and strive to create localization brands. Which is the most typical of the "Coco Cola" brand Chinese translation "Coca-Cola", is catchy, but also convey information about the characteristics of the product image to the people. Coco Cola is in promotion,After a thorough understanding of the tradition of New Year couplets in Chinese new year, he promotes his local image by sending Spring Festival couplets to his customers. Spring Festival couplets on the "new year brings fresh interest", the "gratifying Coca-Cola", both to promote the products of the brand, but also for Chinese habits, with rich local flavor.The localization strategy of multinational corporations runs through China's production, research and development, human resources, marketing and so on. Only by implementing the localization strategy from various aspects can China be based in china. The face localization strategy of multinational corporations and its effect on Chinese enterprises, China enterprises should take corresponding measures to improve the competitive advantage of enterprises, opening up its own market in the domestic and international market, has to compete with the advantages of multinational corporations.Reference[1] Liu Liu. Theory of internationalization of transnational corporations and Chinese enterprises [M]. Shanghai: CITIC publishing house, 1992 (21)[2], Wang Zhile. Report of multinational corporation in China (2004) [M]. Beijing: China Economic Publishing House, 2004[3], Huang Congping, Wang Ying. Localization strategy of multinational corporations in China, [N]. international trade, 2001-8-15 (8)[4], Lu Jie. The localization strategy of multinational corporations in China and the coping strategies of Chinese enterprises [J]. market research, 2006 (10)Zero。
海外物流演讲稿英文范文
Ladies and Gentlemen,Good morning/afternoon/evening. It is a great pleasure to stand before you today to discuss a topic that is not only critical to the global economy but also to the success of businesses across all industries –overseas logistics. As we all know, the world has become increasingly interconnected, and the movement of goods across borders has never been more crucial. In this speech, I will explore the challenges and opportunities in the global logistics landscape.Firstly, let us acknowledge the challenges that the overseas logistics industry faces. The complexities of international trade have never been more intricate. From varying regulations and customs procedures to fluctuating exchange rates and transportation costs, businesses must navigate a myriad of obstacles to ensure smooth and efficient operations.One of the most significant challenges is the complexity of global supply chains. With the rise of global sourcing and just-in-time manufacturing, supply chains have become more extended and intricate. This complexity makes it difficult for companies to track inventory, manage risks, and respond to disruptions. A single disruption in the supply chain can have a cascading effect, leading to delays, increased costs, and loss of revenue.Another challenge is the environmental impact of logistics operations. As climate change becomes a pressing issue, businesses are under increasing pressure to adopt greener practices. This shift towards sustainability requires investments in eco-friendly transportation methods, such as electric vehicles and alternative fuels, as well as the optimization of logistics routes to reduce emissions.Furthermore, the rise of e-commerce has created new demands forlogistics services. Customers expect faster delivery times and more flexible shipping options. This demand for speed and convenience puts pressure on logistics providers to innovate and adapt their operations to meet these expectations.Despite these challenges, the global logistics landscape also presents numerous opportunities. Here are a few key areas where advancements and innovations can lead to significant benefits:1. Technology: The integration of technology into logistics operations has the potential to revolutionize the industry. From blockchain to artificial intelligence, new technologies can enhance transparency, improve efficiency, and reduce costs. For instance, blockchain can streamline customs processes and ensure the integrity of transactions.2. Collaboration: Cross-industry collaboration is essential for addressing the complexities of global logistics. By working together, businesses, governments, and organizations can develop standardized processes, share best practices, and create a more cohesive andefficient logistics ecosystem.3. Infrastructure: Investing in infrastructure, such as ports, roads, and rail networks, can greatly improve the efficiency of logistics operations. By reducing bottlenecks and improving connectivity, infrastructure upgrades can lead to faster and more cost-effective transportation of goods.4. Talent Development: The logistics industry requires skilled professionals who can manage complex operations and adapt to the rapidly changing landscape. Investing in talent development programs can help ensure that the industry has the skilled workforce it needs to thrive.In conclusion, the global logistics landscape is both challenging and full of opportunities. By embracing technology, fostering collaboration, investing in infrastructure, and developing talent, businesses can overcome obstacles and capitalize on the industry's potential. As we navigate the complexities of international trade, let us remember that effective logistics is the backbone of global commerce, and it is our collective responsibility to ensure its success.Thank you for your attention, and I look forward to your questions and discussions on this vital topic.。
公司简介英文翻译
ABC公司是XX产品的生产商，拥有齐全的检测设备和雄厚的技术力量.品种齐全，质量好，价格合理，外观精美，我们的产品广泛的应用于X （应用的行业领)和其他行业。
我们的产品已得到广大用户的一致认可和信赖，并能满足不断发展的经济和社会需求。
我们热诚欢迎各行各业的商友,期望与您建立友好合作的商务联系并达到双赢的目标。
对应英文介绍模板公司英文名称）is a manufacturer of (主营产品) with well—equipped testing facilities and strong technical force. With a wide range，good quality，reasonable prices and stylish designs，our products are extensively used in应用的行业领域）and other industries. Our products are widely recognized and trusted by users and can meet continuously changing economic and social needs。
We welcome new and old customers from all walks of life to contact us for future business relationships and mutual success！中文介绍模板XX公司地处XX专业生产ABC产品。
公司拥有一支经验丰富的专业队伍.我们的产品出口到全世界很多国家和地区特别是XX。
产品深受客户的好评。
我们欢迎客户、商业协会以及来自世界各地的朋友联系我们寻求共赢的合作。
对应英文介绍模板(公司英文名称) is located in （公司所在城市）and is specialized in manufacturing (主营产品）。
政治英语词汇
政治英语词汇request the consent of ... 征求…的同意Information service新闻处diplomat外交官diplomatic rank外交官衔diplomatic representative 外交代表ambassador大使ambassador-at-large巡回大使special envoy特使counselor参赞consul-general总领事consul领事charge d'affaires代办attache随员commercial attache商务专员cultural attache文化专员military attache武官foreign affairs外交事务diplomatic practice外交惯例diplomatic immunities外交豁免diplomatic privileges外交特权diplomatic channels外交途径diplomatic courier外交信使diplomatic bag外交邮袋diplomatic pouch外交邮袋letter of credence/credentials 国书communique公报announcement公告announcement通告letter of introduction介绍书National People's Congress全国人民代表大会Fifteenth National Congress 第十五次全国代表大会Standing committee常务委员会National Committee全国委员会Chairman委员长Vice Chairpersons副委员长State Council国务院Premier总理Vice Premier副总理State Councillors国务委员Central Committee中央委员会State President国家主席Chairman主席Vice Chairman副主席General Secretary总书记Central Military Committee 中央军事委员会Supreme People's Court最高人民法院Ministry of Finance财政部Ministry of Public Security 公安部Ministry of Supervision监察部Ministry of Communications 交通部Ministry of Education教育部Ministry of Personnel人事部memorandum/aide-memoire 备忘录statement声明mutual recognition互相承认de jure recognition法律承认de facto recognition事实上承认identification card身份证Ministry of Justice司法部Propaganda Department宣传部People's organization人民团体Ministry of Foreign Affairs外交部Consulate-general总领事馆Consulate领事馆Liaison office联络处Military attache's office武官处certificate of appointment委任证书exequatur许可证书proceed to take up one's post 赴任express regret表示遗憾object to提出异议take up a matter with向…交涉lodge a protest with向…提出抗议verbal note普通照会circular note通知照会normalization正常化present one's credentials递交国书exchange ambassadors互派大使persona grata受欢迎的人during one's absence离任期间declaration/manifesto宣言letter of recall召回公文note(外交)照会formal note正式照会establish consular relations建立领事关系assume one's post就任resume diplomatic relations恢复外交关系1 站在新起点on a new starting point2 创新型国家innovation-oriented country3 资源节约型社会resource-conserving society4 资源型城市转型transformation of resource-dependent cities5 区别对待，有保有压the principle of taking different approaches to different situations and encouraging the growth of some sectors while discouraging the expansion of others6 “五个统筹” maintain the "five balances" (balancing urban and rural development, development among regions, economic and social development,development of man and nature, and domestic development and opening up to the outside world)7 鼓励、支持和引导非公有制经济encourage, support and guide the growth of the non-public sector of the economy8 发扬成绩build on our achievements9 环保专项治理special projects to address serious environmental problems10 保护天然林protect virgin forests11 退牧还草return grazing land to grassland阿12 退耕还林还草return farmland to forests or grassland13 石漠化spread of stony deserts14 防沙治沙prevent and control desertification15 生态补偿机制a mechanism for ecological compensation16 农村综合试点改革trials of comprehensive rural reform17 农机具补贴subsidies for agricultural machinery and tools18 良种补贴subsidies for growing superior grain cultivators19 多予少取放活the policy of giving more, taking less and loosening control (to increase rural incomes)20 “三提五统” "three deductio ns" (for public reserve funds, public welfare funds and management fees) and the "five charges" (charges for rural education, family planning, militia training, rural road construction and subsidies to entitled groups)21看病难、看病贵，上学难、上学贵the difficulty and high cost of getting medical treatment and receiving an education22 粮食安全food safety23 农村劳动力转移培训job training for farm laborers looking for urban employment24 防止“一哄而起” avoid herd mentality25 农村信用社体制the system of rural credit cooperatives26 牧业税livestock tax27 资源税resource tax28 农业面源污染widespread pollution from the overuse of fertilizers and pesticides in rural area29 政策性关闭破产policy-based closure and bankruptcy30 企业分离办社会relieve enterprises of their obligation to operate social programs31 城市和国有企业厂办大集体collectively owned factories operated by state-owned enterprises and cities32 上市公司股权分置改革reform of the shareholder structure of listed companies33 人民币汇率形成机制改革reform of the mechanism for setting the renminbi exchange rate34 利率形成和传导机制setting and transmitting interest rates35 国债余额管理方式the method of outstanding balance management for its national debt36 建立财政性科技投入稳定增长机制establish a mechanism to ensure stable growth of government investment in science and technology37 坚持国家绝对控股keep a controlling share in the state''s hands38 强化银行资本充足率约束strengthen capital requirements for banks39 政府收支分类改革reformation of the classification of government revenue and expenditures40 投资主体和产权多元化investment from various sources and diversified ownership41 完善国有资产监管体制，健全国有资本经营预算制度、经营业绩考核体系和国有资产重大损失责任追究制度strengthen the oversight system for state assets by establishing a sound operating and budget system for state capital, a sound performance evaluation system and a sound system for assigning responsibility for major losses of state assets42 提高系统集成能力improve systems integration43 控制新增产能control expansion of production capacity44 废物综合利用和废旧资源回收利用comprehensive utilization of waste materials and recovery and recycling of used resources45 资源开发补偿机制、衰退产业援助机制mechanisms to compensate for resource depletion and to aid declining industries46 突发公共卫生事件医疗救治体系medical treatment system for public health emergencies47 乡镇卫生院health clinics in towns and townships48 公共文化基础设施culture-related facilities for public use49 城市低保对象urban residents entitled to basic living allowances50 完善城市低保制度improve the system of urban subsistence allowances中国特色词汇库（一）分类:英语学习C采取高姿态show magnanimity采取市场多元化战略adopt the strategy of a multi-outlet market菜篮子工程shopping basket program参政、议政participate in the management of State affairs仓储式超市stockroom-style supermarket草根工业grass root industry (refers to village and township enterprises which take root among farmers and grow like wild grass)层层转包和违法分保multi-level contracting and illegal sub-contracting差额投票differential voting差额选举competitive election拆迁户households or units relocated due to building demolition搀水股票water-down stocks (ordinary stocks that can be bought by persons inside a stock company or a business at a cost lower that their face value)产粮大省granary province产量比1997年增加了2倍the output has increased 3 times (registered a3-fold increase; increased 200%)compared with 1997产品结构product mix产权明晰、权责明确、政企分开、管理科学clearly established ownership, well defined power and responsibility, separation of enterprise from administration, and scientific management产权制度、产权关系property relations; property order产销直接挂钩directly link production with marketing产业的升级换代upgrading of industries产业结构升级upgrading of an industrial structure长二捆LM-2E长期共存、互相监督、肝胆相照、荣辱与共long-term coexistence, mutual supervision, sincere treatment with each other and the sharing of weal or woe 长线产品product in excessive supply畅通工程"Smooth Traffic Project"唱高调mouth high-sounding words超高速巨型计算机giant ultra-high-speed computer超前消费over consuming, excessive consumption彻头彻尾的反动政治势力an out and out reactionary political force城市规划city's landscaping plan; urban planning城市中年雅皮士muppie (由middle-aged urban yuppie缩合而成)城乡信用社credit cooperative in both urban and rural areas城镇社会保障体系urban social security system吃大锅饭egalitarian practice of "everybody eating from the same big pot" 吃皇粮receive salaries, subsidies, or other supports from the government重复建设building redundant project; duplication of similar projects出口创汇能力capacity to earn foreign exchange through exports出口加工区export processing zones出口退税制度the system of refunding taxes on exported goods; export (tax) rebate出口转内销domestic sales of commodities originally produced for exports 传销multi-level marketing创建卫生城市：build a nationally advanced clean city创业园high-tech business incubator; pioneer park吹风会(advanced) briefing春蕾计划Spring Buds Program春运(passenger) transport during the Spring Festival磁悬浮列车Maglev train (magnetically levitated train), magnetic suspension train从粗放经济转变为集约经济shift from extensive economy to intensive economy粗放式管理extensive management促进全球经济一体化foster integration with the global economy存款保证金guaranty money for depositsE恶性通货膨胀hyperinflation恶性循环vicious circle二板市场; 创业板市场second board (on the country's stock market)二次创业start a new undertaking二元经济dual economyF法轮功Falun Gong Cult发烧友fancier; zealot; enthusiastic fan发行股票、债券issue shares and bonds发扬优良传统carry forward the fine traditions发优惠券以促销issue discount shopping coupons to promote sales发展不平衡disparate development发展是硬道理Development is of overriding importance. / Development is the absolute need.发展新兴产业和高技术产业develop rising and high-tech industries发展畜牧业、养殖业、林业develop animal husbandry (livestock farming),aquaculture and forestry法治国家 a country under the rule of law法制国家 a state with an adequate legal system翻两番quadruple反不正当竞争法Law of the People's Republic of China Against Competition by Inappropriate Means反对铺张浪费oppose/combat extravagance and waste反腐倡廉combat corruption and build a clean government反倾销anti-dumping防抱死系统ABS (anti-lock braking system)防洪工程flood-prevention project防止经济过热prevent an overheated economy (overheating of the economy) 防止国有资产流失prevent the loss (devaluation) of State assets防止泡沫经济avoid a bubble economy (too many bubbles in the economy)房管real estate management非对称数字用户环路Asymmetrical Digital Subscriber Loop (ADSL)费改税transform administrative fees into taxes分拆上市 A subsidiary company of a corporation is listed on the stock market. 分流reposition of redundant personnel分流下岗人员争取再就业redirect laid-off workers for reemployment分期付款installment payment分税制system of tax distribution（产品）分销sub underwriting, distribution粉领族pink-collar tribe (Women who play major role in certain professions such as office workers, secretaries, models, airline hostesses, etc)风险投资venture capital; risk investment封闭式基金close-ended fund福利彩票welfare lotteries福利分房welfare-oriented public housing distribution system浮动工资floating wages; fluctuating wages扶贫、脱贫poverty reduction and elimination复式住宅duplex apartment; compound apartment (a type of residential housing that maximizes usable space by increasing the number of the storey building)G改革开放和现代化建设的总设计师the chief architect of China's reform, opening and modernization drive改进产业结构和产品结构improve the industrial pattern and product mix该公司股票已经上市the stock of the company have been listed (have gone public, have been launched)改制上市：An enterprise is re-organized according to modern corporate system so that it will get listed on the stock market.赶上或超过国际先进水平catch up with or even surpass advanced world levels 干部队伍革命化、年轻化、知识化、专业化make the ranks of cadres more revolutionary, younger in average age, better educated and professionally more competent港人治港Hong Kong people administering Hong Kong高产优质high yield and high quality高度自治high degree of autonomy高官会Senior Officials Meeting (SOM)高级商务师Certified Business Executive高举邓小平理论的伟大旗帜hold high the greater banner of Deng xiaoping Theory高科技板块high-tech sector高新技术产业开发区high and new technology industrial development zone根本政治制度fundamental political system个人收入应税申报制度the system of the declaration of individual incomes for tax payment个人所得税individual income tax个体户self-employed households /people个体工商业者individual industrialists and businessman跟踪审计follow-up auditing工程公司engineering company工商局industrial and commercial bureau工薪阶层salariat; state employee; salaried person工业控制一体化integrated industrial control; industrial control of integration 工业园区industrial park公费医疗medical services at state expense公告板服务Bulletin Board Service (BBS)公检法public security organs, procuratorial organs and people's courts公积金public accumulation funds, public reserve funds公开喊价市场open outcry markets公款吃喝recreational activities using public funds公司分立与解散separation and dissolution of a company公务员public servants; civil servants; government functionaries; government employees公益林public welfare forest公正、公平、公开just, fair and open公证财产notarize the properties共产党领导下的多党合作与政治协商multi-party cooperation and political consultation under the leadership of Communist Party狗仔队dog packs; paparazzo (singular), paparazzi(plural) (It refers to those journalists who are hunting the news of celebrities.)购买力purchasing power骨干企业key enterprise股本金equity capital股份合作制the joint stock cooperative system股份制the joint stock system股票热降温了the stock craze has abated股市指数the stock market (exchange) index股市指数突破1300点大关the stock index broke the 1300-poit mark股指暴跌，跌幅7.8%，以14.3元探底the index slumped 7.8 percent to 14.3 Yuan鼓励兼并，规范破产encourage mergers and standardize bankruptcy procedures挂职1) take a temporary post (in order to temper oneself)2) serve in a lower level unit for a period while retaining one's position in the previous unit关税壁垒customs barrier; tariff wall光谷optical valley光机电一体化optical, mechanical and electronic integration光盘杂志CD-ROM magazine光通讯photo-communication; optical communication广告电话直销direct response advertising广域网wide area network (WAN)国家公务员制度the system of public services国家经济体制改革委员会the State Commission for Restructuring the Economic Systems国家普通话水平考试National Proficiency Test of Putonghua国家一级保护first-grade State protection国家质量技术监督局the State Bureau of Quality and Technical Supervision 国家指定考试government-mandated test国库券treasury bonds国民党Kuomintang国民经济支柱产业pillar industries in national economy国内生产总值/国民生产总值GDP (Gross Domestic Product)/ GNP (Gross National Product)国债专项资金special fund for treasury bond过度开垦excess reclamationH函授大学correspondence university合理引导消费guide rational consumption合议庭collegiate bench核销cancel after verification黑店gangster inn中国特色词汇库（二）分类:英语学习黑客hacker黑社会Mafia-style organizations; gangland恒生指数（香港）宽幅震荡the Heng Sheng index fluctuated violently宏观调控macro-control红包（中）red paper containing money as a gift, (贬) bribe, kickback红帽子企业red cap enterprise (refers to the reputation a private enterprise enjoys by becoming attached to a government department and doing business in the name of a state-run or collective-run enterprise)环太平洋地区Pacific Rim胡子工程long-drawn-out project (a project which takes so long that young workers become bearded)互动广告interactive advertisement户口簿residence booklet户口管理制度domicile system, residence registration system户主head of a household"黄、赌、毒" pornography, gambling and drug abuse and trafficking黄金时段prime time(吃)"皇粮" public grain funds, goods, etc provided by the government; salary paid by the state灰色收入income from moonlighting婚外恋extramarital love活到老，学到老One is never too old to learn.火炬计划Torch Program (a plan to develop new and high technology)货币化monetization货币回笼withdrawal of currency from circulation货到付款cash on deliveryJ机场建设费airport construction fee机构臃肿overstaffing in organizations (government)基本路线要管一百年The basic line must be followed unswervingly for a very long time to come.基本国情fundamental realities of the country基层民主democracy at the grassroots level基层组织organizations at the grass-roots level基础设施工程第一期the first phase of the infrastructure project基因工程genetic engineering积压产品overstocked commodities (inventories)积极培育新的经济增长点actively cultivate new points of economic growth 绩优股blue chip集中精力把经济建设搞上去go all out for economic development计划单列市city specifically designated in the state plan计划生育责任制responsibility system of family planning技术产权交易所technology equity market; technology property right exchange技术/劳动/资本/知识密集型产业technology-intensive/labor-intensive/capital-intensive/knowledge-intensive industries技术更新/改造technological updating /renovation技术下乡spread technological knowledge to farmers加班work extra shifts加快经济结构调整accelerate economic restructuring加密encrypt加权平均值weighted average加强物质文明和精神文明的建设foster both material progress and cultural and ethical (cultural and ideological) progress加强优生、优育improve prenatal and postnatal care加强舆论监督ensure that the correct orientation is maintained in public opinion加速科技成果商品化、产业化进程accelerate the commercialization and industrialization of scientific and technological achievements家庭联产承包责任制the household contract responsibility system家族企业family firm假唱lip-synch假动作deception, feint假日经济holiday economy坚持统一，反对分裂，增加了解，化解歧见persist in reunification, oppose separation, increase understanding and iron out differences监督部门watchdog尖端产品highly sophisticated products艰苦创业的精神the hardworking and enterprising spirit剪彩cut the ribbon剪刀差the scissors gap between the prices of ... and ...减负alleviate burdens on sb.减轻农民负担lighten the burden on the peasants (farmers)减员增效downsizing for efficiency; cut payroll to improve efficiency建设性战略伙伴关系 a constructive strategic partnership讲诚信，反欺诈：honor credibility and oppose cheating教育部社政司Social Science Research and Ideological Work Department of the Ministry of Education街道企业neighborhood enterprise解放生产力emancipate the productive forces解放思想、实事求是的思想路线ideological line of emancipating the mind and seeking truth from facts解困基金anti-poverty funds解决他们的温饱问题provide them with adequate food and clothing金融电子化computerize financial services金税工程Golden Tax Project紧密型企业集团tightly-knit groups of enterprises近海渔业offshore fishery进出口商会chamber of import and export trade进口渗透import penetration进修班class for further studies禁渔期closed fishing seasons禁止在任何地方、任何环境进行一切方式的释放核能的核武器试验保爆炸prohibit any nuclear weapon test explosion which releases nuclear energy at any place and in any environment经常项目顺差favorable balance of current account, surplus of current account 经常性贷款commercial lending经常性支出running expenses经济发展全球化的趋势the globalization trend in economic development经济法制化to manage economic affairs according to law; to put economic operation on a legal basis经济技术开发区an economic and technological development zone经济林cash tree经济全球化economic globalization; economic integration经济市场化/私有化the mercerization/privatization of the economy经济失调指数misery index经济体制改革economic restructuring经济头脑commercially minded people; people with business sense经济萎缩/起飞/兴旺an economic depression (slump, recession)/an economic takeoff/an economic boom经济转轨switch to a market economy经营管理高度科学化的现代化大企业modern big enterprise with highly scientific management system精简各级政府机构streamline government departments at all levels精简机构streamline government organs精品competitive products京剧票友Peking Opera fan京剧人物脸谱types of facial make-up in Beijing opera景泰蓝cloisonné九届二次全国人民代表大会the second session of the 9th National People's Congress九届全国人大五次会议the Fifth Session of the Ninth NPC九五攻关State Key Task 95就业前和在职培训pre-employment and on-the-job (in-service) training纠正行业不正之风rectify malpractice in various trades居委会neighborhood committee; residents' committee局域网local area network (LAN)举报电话informants' hot-line telephone拒载refuse to take passengers君子之交淡如水the friendship between gentlemen is as pure as crystal; a hedge between keeps friendship greenK卡丁车kart开放式基金open-ended fund开工不足enterprises running under their production capacity开工典礼commencement ceremony开后门under-the-counter deals; offer advantages to one's friends or relatives by underhand means开题报告opening speech; opening report开小灶give special favor开夜车burn the midnight oil; work over night坎儿井karez抗美援朝战争War to Resist US Aggression and Aid Korea抗震棚quake-proof shelter考研take part in the entrance exams for postgraduate schools考研热the craze for graduate school科技成果转化为生产力transfer of scientific and technological achievements 科技含量technology content科技是第一生产力Science and technology constitute a primary productive force.科教兴国rely on science and education to rejuvenate the nation科研攻关scientific research and tackle the key research project可持续发展sustainable development刻录机CD writer; disc-carving machine扣除通货膨胀因素后的人均实际年收入the annual per-captia income in real terms (allowing for inflation )跨国公司transnational corporation (transactional, multinational corporation ,multinational)跨世纪工程 a trans-century project跨越式发展great-leap-forward development快讯news flash; flash宽带接入broadband access宽带网broadband networks宽限期grace period亏损企业enterprises running in the red/under deficit困难职工the needy扩大/缩小地区发展差距widen/narrow the gap/disparity betweenregions/localities in terms of development扩大内需，刺激消费expand domestic demand and consumptionL垃圾债券junk bond拉动经济增长fuel economic growth来料加工process materials supplied by clients; accept customers' materials for processing劳动合同制labor contract system劳务输出export of labor services劳务招聘会 a labor fair; a job fair老字号an old and famous shop or enterprise, old name in business离退休人员基本养老金basic pensions for retirees"篱笆墙" barriers/ blockage to inter-regional trading礼尚往来Courtesy calls for reciprocity.理货公司tally company礼仪小姐ritual girl利改税substitution of tax payment for profit delivery利好因素wrinkle立体农业three-dimensional agriculture连续五年丰收bumper harvests for five consecutive years (for five years in a row, for five years running, for five years on end, for the fifth consecutive year) 廉政建设construction of a clean and honest administration廉政、勤政、务实、高效政府an honest, diligent, pragmatic and efficient government廉洁奉公，以正治国(of an official) clean and devoted, and govern the state with hisown example of uprightness联产承包责任制system of contracted responsibility linking remuneration to output; contract system with remuneration linked to output联合兼并conglomeration and merger of enterprises联想集团Legend Group练摊to be a vendor中国特色词汇库（三）分类:英语学习良性循环virtuous circle粮食收购部门(government's) grain procurement (purchasing) agencies粮油关系：grain and oil rationing registration两岸直航促进会Association for Promotion of Cross-Straits Direct Transportation两弹一艇A-bomb, H-bomb and nuclear-powered submarine"两个对等的政治实体" two equal political entities两个文明一起抓place equal emphasis on material and ethical progress两手抓两手都要硬We must address ourselves to the problem of both material and spiritual civilization(both material as well as culture and ideological progress) without any letup."两思"（致富思源，富而思进）to think of the source of getting rich and of making progress after becoming affluence老少边穷地区former revolutionary base areas, areas inhabited by minority nationalities, remote and border areas and poverty-stricken areas劣等品shoddy goods; substandard goods; lemon (口语)零配件spare and accessory parts留职停薪retain the job but suspend the salary留学咨询：consulting on the study abroad流动人口transient population流动图书馆travelling library; bookmobile(行业中的)龙头老大leading enterprise; flagship of the industry乱集资、乱摊派、乱收费unwarranted pooling of funds, arbitrary requisition of donations and exaction of fees from enterprises乱收费、乱摊派、乱罚款arbitrary charges, fund-raising quotas and fines裸机：bare mobile phone绿地覆盖率forest coverage rate绿化afforestation绿色急救通道emergency green path绿色食品green foodM马路菜场入室工程the project to build indoor free market to accommodate street vegetable vendors马太效应the Matthew effect (A phenomenon in specific circles whereby one's accomplishments and reputation tend to snowball, and those with meager accomplishments have greater difficulty achieving accomplishments. )盲流和倒流人员transient from the countryside冒充包装（销售）[指将劣质商品包装成外观像名优产品出售的做法] copycat packaging买一送一two-for-one offer, buy one get one free门前三包be responsible for general sanitation, green covering and keeping good social order in a designated area outside the unit building蒙古包(Mongolian) yurt蒙古大夫quack民办教师citizen-managed teachers (teachers in rural citizen-managed or state-managed schools who do not receive the normal remuneration from the government)民工潮farmers' frenzied hunt for work in cities民进党Democratic Progressive Party民主党派、工商联与无党派人士non-Communist parties, federations of industry and commerce, personages without party affiliation民族凝聚力national cohesion民族委员会ethnic affairs commission民族文化大省 a province with rich ethnic culture名牌产品famous-brand products ,brand named product明明白白消费（2000年保护消费者权益工作主题）transparent consumption母公司/子公司/分公司/办事处the parent company/subsidiary/branch/representative office目标管理management by objectivesNNASDAQ National Association of Securities Dealers Automated Quotations纳米nanometer南水北调South-to-North water diversion南水北调工程the project of diverting water from the south to the north耐用消费品durable consumer items (goods)内环路inner ring road内联企业enterprises with internal connections能官能民be ready to both serve as an official and be one of the common people能进能出，能上能下competent to work both at the top and at the grass roots 能进能出，能上能下,方谓好汉He who knows how to fight and how to retreat deserves to be called a brave man.能上网的手机WAP phone内耗in-fighting年度国家预算annual State budget年同比year-on-year; on an annual basis农村/城市信用合作社rural/urban credit cooperatives农村剩余劳动力surplus rural labour (labourers)农副业产品agricultural (farm) and sideline products牛市/熊市 a bull/bear marketP派出所local police station泡沫经济bubble economy培养跨世纪人才bring up (foster) cross-century (trans-century) specialists配股allotment of shares配套政策supporting policies棚户shacks; family that live in shacks碰钉子get snubbed碰头会brief meeting ( A brief, small-scale, informal meeting with no fixed agenda, the main purpose of which is to exchange information.)疲软股票soft stock皮包公司bogus company票贩子scalper, ticket tout票房box office骗汇、逃汇、套汇obtain foreign currency by false pretenses, not turn over foreign currency owed to the government and illegal arbitrage贫富悬殊polarization of rich and poor平均主义equalitarianism瓶颈制约bottleneck restrictions普选制general election systemQ期房forward delivery housing企业孵化器enterprise incubator企业文化corporate culture敲竹杠fleece, overcharge, make somebody pay through the nose; put the lug on; rob by a trick切入点point of penetration; breakthrough point轻轨火车light rail train情感消费emotional consumption区位商业location-based commerce取消“大锅饭” give up the practice of "eating from the same big pot”; abolish egalitarianism取消福利分房abolish the welfare-oriented distribution (allocation) of public housing全国人大代表deputy to the National People's Congress全国人民代表大会（简称全国人大）National People's Congress (NPC) 全国人民代表大会主席团the NPC Presidium全国人民代表大会常务委员会the NPC Standing Committee全国人民代表大会常务委员会办公厅the general offices of the NPC Standing Committee全面投产开工go into (enter ) full operation; be full operation; be fully operational全民健身计划纲要outline of the nationwide body-building plan全球定位系统global positioning system (GPS)全球通global system for mobile communications全体会议plenary meeting全天候飞机all-weather aircraft全优工程all-round excellent project拳头产品competitive products; knock-out products; blockbuster裙带风nepotism; petticoat influence裙带关系networking through petticoat influence群言堂allow everybody to air his view; let everyone have his say; speak one's mind freely权贵资本主义(又译裙带资本主义或亲朋好友资本主义) crony capitalismR燃油附加税bunker surcharge热岛效应tropical island effect。
办公室英语
48 AVM 49 B&P 50 B/D 51 B/F 52 B/M 53 B/S 54 BA 55 BA 56 BA&MI 57 BESTQ 58 BOM 59 BP 60 BS 61 BSC 62 BTL 63 BUS A-VES 64 C to C 65 C.F.R 66 C.I.F 67 C.I.P 68 C．O．P 69 C.P.T 70 C/C 71 C/R 72 C/T 73 CA 74 CAP 75 CAPEX 76 CBM 77 CBU 78 C-C 79 CCC
Cost Control Model Close Cycle Reduction Concept Communication Study Capital Expenditure Management Team Cash Flow Cash Flow Statement Cross function team Common Global Standard Cost Insurance and Freight Catalog Issue Plan Completely Knock Down Cash Management System Cost Monitoring System Chart of Account Company Investment Control Organization Process Corporate Planning Centralized Plastic Purchasing Chief Product Specialist Cost per Unit Credit Cost Reduction Cold Roll Customer Relation Management Customer Satisfaction Component Supply Chain Chart Customer Satisfaction Index Customer Satisfaction Officer Centralized Steel Purchasing C-Speed Customer Satisfaction-Vehicle Evaluation System Cycle Time Commercial Vehicle Chief Vehicle Engineer Continuous Valve Timing Control Delivered At Frontier Delivered Duty Paid Delivered Duty Unpaid Delivered Ex Quay Delivered Ex Ship Design Note Dealer Advice Board
海外工程英文方案
海外工程英文方案1. IntroductionThe purpose of this proposal is to outline a comprehensive plan for an overseas engineering project. The project aims to provide engineering solutions for a specific construction project in a foreign country, addressing the technical and logistical challenges associated with working in a new environment.2. Project OverviewThe overseas engineering project involves the construction of a new hospital in a developing country. The project is a collaboration between an international development organization and the local government, with the goal of improving healthcare infrastructure in the region. The hospital will provide critical medical services to the local population, addressing the healthcare needs of a community that lacks adequate access to medical facilities.3. Project ObjectivesThe primary objective of the overseas engineering project is to design and build a modern, high-quality hospital facility that meets international standards for healthcare infrastructure. The project will focus on the following key objectives:- Conducting a comprehensive site assessment to evaluate the local environmental and geological conditions, as well as the existing infrastructure and resources available for the construction project.- Designing a hospital facility that meets the functional requirements of a modern healthcare facility, while also taking into account the cultural and social context of the local community.- Developing a detailed construction plan that addresses the technical and logistical challenges associated with building in a remote and challenging environment, including sourcing materials and equipment locally wherever possible.- Implementing strict quality control measures to ensure that the construction project adheres to international standards for safety, sustainability, and overall quality.4. Project ScopeThe scope of the overseas engineering project encompasses the following key components: - Site Assessment: Conduct a thorough evaluation of the proposed construction site to identify any potential challenges or constraints that may impact the design and construction process. This will include an assessment of the local climate, geology, and environmentalconditions, as well as an analysis of the existing infrastructure and resources available for the project.- Design and Planning: Develop a comprehensive design for the hospital facility that meets the functional requirements of a modern healthcare facility, while also addressing the unique needs and cultural context of the local community. This will involve collaborating with local stakeholders, healthcare professionals, and government authorities to ensure that the design reflects the specific healthcare needs of the region.- Construction Management: Implement a detailed construction plan that addresses the technical and logistical challenges associated with working in a remote and challenging environment. This will include sourcing materials and equipment locally wherever possible, as well as coordinating with local contractors and labor forces to ensure that the construction project proceeds according to schedule and budget.5. Technical ApproachThe technical approach for the overseas engineering project will involve the following key strategies:- Environmental and Geological Assessment: Engage with local environmental and geological experts to conduct a comprehensive assessment of the proposed construction site, including an analysis of the local climate, geology, and environmental conditions. This will help to identify any potential challenges or constraints that may impact the design and construction process, allowing us to develop appropriate mitigation measures to address these issues.- Sustainable Design: Implement sustainable design principles to minimize the environmental impact of the construction project, while also maximizing the long-term operational efficiency of the hospital facility. This will include incorporating energy-efficient building materials, as well as designing the facility to optimize natural lighting, ventilation, and overall resource utilization.- Local Sourcing and Collaboration: Work closely with local suppliers, contractors, and labor forces to source materials and equipment locally wherever possible, while also leveraging local expertise and resources to ensure the successful completion of the construction project. This will involve establishing partnerships with local organizations and businesses, as well as providing training and capacity-building opportunities for local workers to enhance their skills and knowledge in construction and engineering.6. Logistical ConsiderationsThe overseas engineering project will require careful logistical planning to address the challenges associated with working in a remote and challenging environment. Key logistical considerations include:- Transportation: Develop a comprehensive transportation plan to facilitate the delivery of materials and equipment to the construction site, taking into account the local infrastructure and road network, as well as any potential obstacles or barriers that may impact the transportation process.- Material Sourcing: Identify local suppliers and manufacturers to source construction materials and equipment, with a focus on leveraging local resources and expertise to reduce reliance on imported materials and minimize transportation costs.- Workforce Management: Coordinate with local labor forces and contractors to ensure the availability of skilled workers and resources for the construction project, while also providing training and capacity-building opportunities to enhance local skills and knowledge in construction and engineering.7. Quality ControlThe overseas engineering project will implement strict quality control measures to ensure that the construction project adheres to international standards for safety, sustainability, and overall quality. Key quality control strategies include:- Quality Assurance: Develop a comprehensive quality assurance plan to monitor and evaluate the construction process, including regular inspections and assessments to ensure that the project meets the specified technical requirements and performance standards.- Safety Compliance: Implement strict safety protocols and procedures to protect workers and minimize the risk of accidents or injuries during the construction project, in compliance with international safety standards and regulations.- Sustainability Monitoring: Monitor and evaluate the environmental impact of the construction project, implementing sustainable practices and measures to minimize waste, conserve resources, and improve overall environmental performance.8. ConclusionThe overseas engineering project represents a significant opportunity to contribute to the development of critical healthcare infrastructure in a developing country, addressing the healthcare needs of a local population that lacks access to adequate medical facilities. By implementing a comprehensive technical approach, careful logistical planning, and strict quality control measures, the project aims to build a modern, high-quality hospital facility that meets international standards for healthcare infrastructure, while also respecting the cultural and social context of the local community. With a focus on collaboration, sustainability, and excellence, the project will make a lasting positive impact on the lives of the people it serves.。
有无海外工厂英文简短表达-概述说明以及解释
有无海外工厂英文简短表达1.Overseas Factories: Yes or No?2.Pros and Cons of Establishing Overseas Factories3.Making the Decision: Setting Up Factories Abroad4.Unveiling the Realities of Overseas Manufacturing5.Maximizing Efficiency: Overseas Factory Possibilities6.Navigating the Challenges of Overseas Manufacturing7.Exploring the Global Manufacturing Landscape8.Exploring Options: Domestic vs. Overseas Factories9.Analyzing the Impact: Overseas Factories & Market Competitiveness10.The Rising Trend: Overseas Factory Expansion11.Boosting Productivity: Prospects of International Factories12.Strategizing the Setup: Overseas Factory Considerations13.Breaking Barriers: Advantages of Overseas Factory Networks14.Factoring in the Costs: Overseas vs. Domestic Manufacturing15.Capitalizing on Global Resources: Overseas Factory Benefits16.Mitigating Risks: Strategies for Managing Overseas Factories17.The Global Footprint: Expanding with Overseas Factories18.Tapping into International Markets: Overseas Factory Advantages19.A Competitive Edge: Overseas Factory Opportunities20.Unlocking Growth: The Potential of Overseas Factories21.Global Production: Pros and Cons22.Calculating the Costs: Local vs. Overseas Factories23.The Impact of Offshore Manufacturing on the Environment24.Offshore Manufacturing: A Boon or Bane for Local Employment25.Quality Control Challenges in Overseas Factories26.Ensuring Ethical Practices in Overseas Factories27.The Rise of Chinese Manufacturing Dominance28.Exploring Alternatives to Overseas Factories29.Streamlining Operations: The Role of Overseas Factories30.Examining the Benefits of Local Manufacturing31.The Role of Technology in Overseas Factories32.Improving Supply Chains: Lessons from Overseas Factories33.Managing Risks in Global Manufacturing34.The Future of Manufacturing: Local or Overseas?35.Promoting Sustainability in Overseas Factories36.Strategies for a Successful Overseas Factory Partnership37.Building a Strong Network of Overseas Suppliers38.Unlocking the Potential of Overseas Manufacturing39.The Role of Intellectual Property Rights in Overseas Factories40.Overcoming Cultural Barriers in Overseas Manufacturing41.The Pros and Cons of Overseas Manufacturing42.Weighing the Benefits of Offshore Factories43.Is Setting up an Overseas Factory Worth the Investment?44.The Global Manufacturing Solution: Overseas Factories45.Transforming Manufacturing: The Rise of Overseas Factories46.Making Strategic Decisions: Should You Consider an Overseas Factory?47.Finding Success in Global Markets with Overseas Factories48.Expanding Reach: Unleashing the Potential of Overseas Factories49.Efficiency and Cost Savings: Unlocking the Power of Overseas Factories50.Breaking Borders: Why Overseas Factories are Becoming the Norm51.Overseas Manufacturing: A Competitive Advantage in Today's Market52.Taking Your Business Global: The Role of Overseas Factories53.Exploring New Horizons: The Benefits of Overseas Factories54.From Local to Global: Leveraging Overseas Manufacturing55.Maximizing Opportunities: Harnessing the Potential of Overseas Factories56.Innovation and Expansion: The Role of Overseas Factories57.Navigating the Global Manufacturing Landscape: Overseas Factories58.Streamlining Production: Enhancing Efficiency with Overseas Factories59.Overseas Manufacturing: The Future of Global Productionpeting on a Global Scale: Leveraging Overseas Factories61.More options with overseas factories.62.Exploring the potential of overseas factories.63.Expand your production reach with overseas factories.64.Unlock international manufacturing opportunities.65.Taking your manufacturing abroad.66.Maximize efficiency with overseas factories.67.Increase production capacity with offshore factories.68.Enhance global competitiveness through overseas factories.69.Boost profits through offshore manufacturing.70.Utilize global manufacturing resources.71.Efficient and cost-effective overseas factories.72.Globalize your production capabilities.73.Embrace the benefits of offshore factories.74.Scale-up your production internationally.75.Seize the advantages of overseas factories.76.Dive into the world of offshore manufacturing.77.Expanding horizons with overseas factories.78.Improve supply chain efficiency through offshore manufacturing.79.Optimize production processes through overseas factories.80.Drive growth through international manufacturing.81.Eliminate the distance barrier with overseas factory82.Make your business more international with overseas factory83.Unlock new possibilities with overseas factory84.Find the perfect manufacturing partner with overseas factory85.Expand your production capabilities with overseas factory86.Experience seamless global production with overseas factory87.Maximize your manufacturing efficiency with an overseas factory88.Explore offshore manufacturing opportunities with overseas factory89.Seize the advantages of overseas factory for your business90.Stay competitive in the global market with an overseas factory91.Benefit from cost-effective overseas manufacturing92.Enjoy hassle-free production with an overseas factory93.Access a world of manufacturing expertise with overseas factory94.Get superior quality products with overseas factory95.Boost your production capacity with an overseas factory96.Streamline your supply chain with an overseas factory97.Ensure reliable and timely production with overseas factory98.Enhance your product innovation with overseas factory99.Discover new manufacturing solutions with an overseas factory100.Unleash your manufacturing potential with overseas factory101.No overseas factory102.Without a factory outside the country103.No factory located overseas104.Not having an offshore manufacturing facility105.Absence of a foreign factory106.No manufacturing facility abroadck of overseas production plant108.The absence of an offshore factory109.No presence of a factory in another country110.Not operating a factory overseas111.Nonexistence of a factory outside the country 112.Without an offshore manufacturing base 113.No establishment of a factory abroadck of an overseas production facility 115.Absence of a factory situated overseas 116.Not having a foreign manufacturing plant 117.No offshore factory in place118.Nonexistence of a factory in another country 119.Without a manufacturing facility abroad ck of an overseas factory presence121.No overseas factories122.No factories abroadck of overseas manufacturing124.Absence of international manufacturing 125.No offshore factories126.Zero foreign factories127.No production facilities abroad128.Absence of factories outside the country ck of manufacturing plants overseas 130.Zero overseas manufacturing centers131.No plants abroad132.Absence of offshore production facilities133.No factories in foreign countriesck of international manufacturing facilities135.Zero manufacturing units abroad136.No production plants overseas137.Absence of factories in other countriesck of manufacturing sites abroad139.Zero overseas production facilities140.No manufacturing centers abroad141.Learn about the pros and cons of having an overseas factory.142.Discover the advantages and disadvantages of setting up a factory abroad.143.Explore the benefits and drawbacks of overseas manufacturing.144.Understand the upsides and downsides of opting for a factory overseas.145.Get to know the positive and negative aspects of having a foreign factory.146.Find out the advantages and disadvantages of establishing a factory outside your country.147.Uncover the perks and drawbacks of offshore manufacturing.148.Familiarize yourself with the pros and cons of having a factory in another country.149.Gather insights into the advantages and disadvantages of operating a factory overseas.150.Delve into the benefits and drawbacks of offshore factory production.151.Discover if having a factory abroad is the right choice for your business.152.Ascertaining whether setting up a factory overseas is a viable option for your company.153.Evaluate the feasibility of having an overseas factory for your organization.154.Consider the practicality of establishing a factory outside your home country.155.Determine if offshore manufacturing aligns with your business goals.156.Assess the suitability of having a factory in another country for your company.157.Analyze the advantages and disadvantages of offshoring factory operations.158.Examine the potential benefits and drawbacks of offshoring production.159.Weigh the pros and cons of offshore manufacturing for your business.160.Take into account the positives and negatives of having a foreign factory.。
东盟自贸区英语词汇
中国外交部Ministry of Foreign Affairs, P.R.China ()文莱外交与贸易部Ministry of Foreign Affairs & Trade,Brunei Darussalam (.bn/) 柬埔寨外交与国际合作部Ministry of Foreign Affairs & International Cooperation,Cambodia (.kh/)Indonesia印度尼西亚Lao PDR老挝Myanmar缅甸Malaysia 马来西亚Philippines 菲律宾Singapore 新加坡Thailand 泰国Viet Nam 越南ASEAN secretariat 东盟秘书处中国东盟自由贸易区China-ASEAN Free Trade Aera(CAFTA)大湄公河次区域Greater MeKong Sub-region(GMS)东南亚国家联盟Association of Southeast Asian Nations(ASEAN)CAFTA Tariff Reduction Program 自贸区降税计划Trade in Goods 货物贸易Trade in Services 服务贸易Dispute Settlement Mechanism 争端解决机制The 10 priority cooperation fields between China and ASEAN 中国-东盟十大优先合作领域Human resources development 人力资源开发Two-way investment 双向投资MeKong River Basin development 湄公河流域开发Information and communications technology(ICT) 信息产业Transport 交通energy 能源cultrue 文化tourism 旅游public health公共卫生火龙果fire-dragon fruit 榴莲durian 山竹mangosteen 红毛丹rambutan Briefing推介会amount to 高达China and ASEAN are close neighbors connected by mountains and rivers中国和东盟山水相连、人脉相依。
汽车行业专用英语词汇及常用缩写
专业英语词汇之DFL专用缩略英语词汇汽车行业常用缩写AAR: Appearance Approval Report 外观批准报告A/D/V: Analysis/Development/Validation 分析/开发/验证A/D/V–DV: ADV Design Validation ADV设计验证A/D/V P&R: Analysis/Development/Validation Plan and Report. This form is used to summarize the plan and results for validation testing. Additional information can be found in the GP-11 procedure.分析/开发/验证计划和报告A/D/V–PV: ADV Product Validation ADV产品验证AIAG: Automotive Industries Action Group, an organization formed by General Motors, Ford and Daimler-Chrysler to develop common standards and expectations for automotive suppliers. 汽车工业行动集团AP: Advance Purchasing 先期采购APQP: Advanced Product Quality Planning 产品质量先期策划APQP Project Plan: A one-page summary of the SGM APQP process that describes the tasks and the timeframe in which they occur. APQP项目策划AQC:Attribute Quality Characteristic 属性质量特性ASQE: Advanced Supplier Quality Engineer 先期供应商质量工程师BIW: Body in White. Usually the bare metal shell of the body including doors and deck lid prior to paint and trim. 白车身BOM: Bill of Materials 材料清单。
Unit 8b Global sourcing
• Restaurant • Any decision as to a supplier would depend on the restaurant. Most restaurants buy locally. They probably do not enter into strategic relationships with suppliers so that they are free to shop around on the basis of quality, freshness, seasonal availability and price. However, large
• • • • •
value for money 资金效益, 物有所值程度 rating n. 打分 Du Pont 杜邦公司(美国化工产品生产经营公司) Conoco 大陆石油公司(美国), 杜邦下属企业 QuayWest 西码头服装公司(英国)
Main criteria when choosing a supplier
• Conclusion It was felt to be unwise to risk compromising the company’s image by using suppliers of low quality goods. Similarly, using an expensive supplier could affect QuayWest’s reputation for value for money.
Unit 8b Global sourcing
Words & expressions • • • • • • • time to market 市场时效性 time to volume 快速扩大产量 time to money 全球运筹、实时变现 warranty n. 担保(单), 保修(单) source vi. &. vt. 寻求(产品、原料等的)供应商 global sourcing 寻求国际供应商， 国际采购 advance vt. vi.&.n. 进展
服装外贸面试英文版自我介绍
服装外贸面试英文版自我介绍Hello, I'm [Your Name]. I'm really excited to be here and have the opportunity to introduce myself. I have a strong passion for fashion and a deep understanding of the clothing industry.I have extensive experience in the field of clothing foreign trade. I am familiar with the entire process from sourcing materials to final product delivery. I have a good understanding of market trends and customer needs, and can accurately grasp the latest fashion trends.In my previous work, I have successfully managed several international clothing projects. I am skilled in communicating with overseas customers, negotiating contracts, and ensuring the smooth progress of orders. I am also experienced in handling various issues that may arise during the trading process, such as quality control and logistics.I am a detail-oriented person who pays great attention to quality and efficiency. I am able to work under pressure and meet tight deadlines. I am also a team player who enjoys collaborating with others to achieve common goals.In addition to my professional skills, I also have a good command of English and other foreign languages. This enables me to communicate effectively with international clients and partners.Thank you for giving me the opportunity to introduce myself. I look forward to the possibility of joining your team and contributing to the success of your clothing foreign trade business.。
进出口贸易公司介绍英语作文模板
进出口贸易公司介绍英语作文模板全文共3篇示例，供读者参考篇1An Introduction to Global Trading Inc.As a business student interning at Global Trading Inc. this summer, I've had the amazing opportunity to get an inside look at the world of international trade. Global Trading is animport/export company based right here in our city that sources products from manufacturers around the world and distributes them to retailers in the United States and abroad. Let me give you an overview of what I've learned about this dynamic industry and the key role Global Trading plays in facilitating the movement of goods across borders.At its core, an import/export company like Global Trading acts as the intermediary between overseas suppliers and domestic buyers. Their experts have cultivated relationships with a vast network of verified factories, primarily located in Asia, that produce everything from apparel and accessories to furniture, electronics, toys, and more. Global Trading's merchandise team travels frequently to inspect these facilities, review productsamples, negotiate pricing, and secure the manufacturing of goods their buyers have ordered.Once production is underway, Global Trading coordinates the shipping logistics to have the finished goods transported by air or sea freight to their distribution warehouses in the United States. This is where their regulatory compliance experts come in, ensuring all imports have the necessary documentation and licenses and calculating the duties and tariffs that must be paid to U.S. Customs.From the warehouse, Global Trading's domestic sales team markets the imported goods to major retail chains, department stores, e-commerce sites, and other wholesale buyers across the country. They help these clients source fashionable, high-quality merchandise at competitive prices from reliable overseas suppliers. Global Trading even has its own design team that works with retailers to create exclusive product lines that are manufactured to their unique specifications.Of course, the flow of trade doesn't just go one way. Global Trading's export division connects American manufacturers and suppliers with international buyers as well. Using their same logistics expertise, they facilitate the packaging, documentation,and shipment of U.S. goods like machinery, vehicles, consumer products and more to be sold in foreign markets.The import/export business is really about being a matchmaker and messenger between sellers and buyers in different countries. Global Trading's global sourcing professionals find the most cost-effective vendors for the goods their clients need, while their marketing experts open channels to lucrative new markets for suppliers looking to sell their products overseas.At the same time, this line of work involves carefully navigating the regulations and legal considerations around international trade. Each country has its own sets of rules when it comes to duties, taxes, licensing requirements, and prohibited items. Understanding and adhering to these policies is critical for an import/export company.Global Trading has an entire trade compliance department dedicated to screening all shipments against government watch lists and parsing through the complex laws around importing goods like textiles, firearms, or products containing materials from sanctioned or embargoed nations. Failure to adhere to these regulations can result in severe penalties, seized shipments, and legal troubles, so an abundance of caution is crucial.Another major focus for the company is security and supply chain logistics. Getting goods from factories to stores involves a dizzying number of handoffs between freight forwarders, customs brokers, ground shipping providers and more. At each stop, there are potential risks like theft, damage, or shipments being lost or delayed.To mitigate these issues, Global Trading utilizescutting-edge security practices like GPS tracking, tamper-evident seals, secure warehousing and more. They also have risk mitigation strategies like cargo insurance to protect against losses. Staying on top of the latest logistics technologies and security best practices is an ongoing priority.Working at the crossroads of suppliers, carriers, government agencies and retailers from around the world, the import/export business is never boring! There's a constant mashup of different languages, currencies, and cultural norms all intersecting. You need strong communication abilities and a sensitivity toward varying international business practices.For example, the way negotiations are conducted can be quite different depending on whether you're dealing with a Chinese supplier or a German distributor. Having personnel thatunderstands these cultural nuances is key for an import/export company operating globally.Of course, finances and profitability are also critical components of the import/export equation. In addition to sourcing merchandise at the lowest possible manufacturing costs, companies also have to account for duties, shipping fees, warehouse overhead, insurance, and more. Carefully forecasting demand and managing inventory levels are crucial to avoid being stuck with unsold goods collecting expensive storage fees.Global Trading has whole teams dedicated to financial planning, hedging against currency fluctuations, negotiating favorable payment terms, and other fiscal management strategies. You have to be a shrewd operator to compete and turn a profit in this capital-intensive industry with its notoriously thin profit margins.Another key aspect is marketing and cultivating customer relationships. Even with a great product lineup, import/export companies can live or die based on their ability to attract and retain large retail accounts and distributors. Having a committed sales force, attending trade shows, and investing in compelling branding and advertising are all part of the game.So those are some of the major areas that make the import/export business such a dynamic and multifaceted field. On a personal note, my internship at Global Trading has been an incredible way to get exposure to so many different aspects of international trade and business operations. I'm constantly in awe at the choreography and collaboration required to take a product from the concept stage to being stocked on retail shelves worldwide.It's also been really eye-opening to witness the vital role import/export companies play in facilitating global economic exchange and making the goods we consume and use every day accessible. No matter which career path I ultimately choose, this experience has給ed me invaluable real-world knowledge about the interconnected, international nature of business in the 21st century.If you're a student with an interest in international relations, logistics, finance, marketing or so many other disciplines, I'd strongly encourage you to explore opportunities in theimport/export field. It truly sits at the intersection of so many different areas of commerce. The skills and perspectives you gain from working at a global trading company are incredibly transferable and valuable.For any students out there who have gotten this far, I hope this inside look at the world of import/export trading has been interesting and informative. Maybe I've even inspired a few of you to consider internships or careers in this high-stakes,fast-paced, endlessly fascinating global industry!篇2An Introduction to Global Trade EnterprisesAs a student pursuing a degree in international business, I recently had the opportunity to intern at Global Trade Enterprises, one of the leading import/export trading companies in our region. This hands-on experience allowed me to gain invaluable insights into the dynamic world of international trade and commerce. In this essay, I will provide an in-depth overview of Global Trade Enterprises, shedding light on its history, operations, and the vital role it plays in facilitating cross-border trade.Established in 1985, Global Trade Enterprises has a rich legacy spanning over three decades. Founded by a visionary entrepreneur who recognized the immense potential of global markets, the company has grown from humble beginnings to become a prominent player in the import/export industry. Today,Global Trade Enterprises boasts a diverse portfolio of products, ranging from consumer goods and industrial machinery to agricultural commodities and raw materials.At the heart of Global Trade Enterprises lies a team of highly skilled professionals, each contributing their expertise to ensure seamless operations. The company's workforce comprises individuals from various cultural backgrounds, fostering a collaborative and inclusive environment. This diversity not only enriches the company's internal dynamics but also enables it to better understand and cater to the unique needs of its international clientele.One of the key strengths of Global Trade Enterprises is its extensive global network. With strategic partnerships and established connections spanning multiple continents, the company has access to a vast array of suppliers and buyers worldwide. This extensive network allows Global Trade Enterprises to source products from diverse regions, ensuring competitive pricing and a wide range of options for its customers.The import/export process at Global Trade Enterprises is a well-orchestrated symphony of logistics and documentation. From sourcing products to negotiating favorable terms,arranging transportation, and navigating complex customs regulations, the company's experts meticulously manage every step of the supply chain. Their attention to detail and commitment to compliance ensure that goods are transported safely and efficiently, minimizing delays and mitigating potential risks.In addition to its core import/export operations, Global Trade Enterprises offers a suite of complementary services to its clients. These services include freight forwarding, warehousing and distribution, customs clearance, and trade finance solutions. By providing these ancillary services, the company streamlines the entire trading process, making it convenient and hassle-free for its customers to conduct business across borders.One aspect that particularly impressed me during my internship was Global Trade Enterprises' commitment to sustainability and ethical practices. The company places a strong emphasis on responsible sourcing, ensuring that the products it trades are procured from socially and environmentally conscious suppliers. Additionally, Global Trade Enterprises actively participates in various corporate social responsibility initiatives, supporting local communities and contributing to sustainable development goals.Looking ahead, Global Trade Enterprises is poised for continued growth and expansion. With the ever-increasing globalization of markets and the rise of e-commerce, the demand for efficient and reliable import/export services is only expected to surge. To stay ahead of the curve, the company is actively investing in cutting-edge technologies, such as blockchain and artificial intelligence, to enhance supply chain transparency, streamline processes, and deliver even better customer experiences.In conclusion, Global Trade Enterprises is a remarkable example of a successful import/export trading company that has carved a niche for itself in the competitive global marketplace. Through its unwavering commitment to excellence, ethical practices, and customer satisfaction, the company has established itself as a trusted partner for businesses seeking to navigate the complexities of international trade. As a student intern, witnessing the inner workings of this dynamic organization has been an invaluable learning experience, providing me with practical insights and a deeper appreciation for the intricate web of global commerce.篇3A Day in the Life at Zephyr TradingAs a business student, I was thrilled to have the opportunity to intern at Zephyr Trading, one of the leading import/export companies in the region. From the moment I stepped through their doors, I knew I was in for an exciting and educational experience.Zephyr Trading is a multi-million dollar company specializing in the global trade of a diverse range of products, from electronics and machinery to textiles and agricultural goods. With a dedicated team of experts and a vast network of suppliers and clients spanning multiple continents, they have established themselves as a force to be reckoned with in theever-competitive world of international trade.The Bustling Office EnvironmentUpon arriving at the sleek, modern office building that houses Zephyr Trading, I was immediately struck by the buzz of activity. The open-plan workspace was a hive of energy, with employees engaged in a flurry of phone calls, typing away at their computers, and huddling in small groups for impromptu meetings. Despite the fast-paced environment, there was a sense of camaraderie and teamwork that permeated the atmosphere.My first stop was the marketing department, where I had the pleasure of meeting with the dynamic team responsible forpromoting Zephyr Trading's services and fostering relationships with potential clients. I was impressed by their innovative strategies, which included leveraging social media platforms, attending trade shows, and hosting networking events. Their dedication to staying ahead of the curve in an increasingly digital age was palpable.The Intricate World of LogisticsNext, I ventured into the logistics department, the beating heart of Zephyr Trading's operations. Here, I witnessed the intricate dance of coordinating the movement of goods across borders and oceans. From securing the most cost-effective and reliable transportation methods to navigating the complex web of customs regulations and documentation, the logistics team displayed a level of expertise and attention to detail that was truly awe-inspiring.I had the opportunity to sit in on a meeting where the team was discussing a shipment of high-tech machinery bound for a client in South America. The level of planning and foresight required was staggering, as they had to account for potential delays, weather conditions, and a myriad of other factors that could impact the timely delivery of the goods. Their ability to anticipate and mitigate risks was nothing short of impressive.The Negotiation DanceOne of the highlights of my internship was observing the skilled negotiators of Zephyr Trading in action. Whether they were securing favorable terms with suppliers or closing lucrative deals with clients, their ability to navigate the delicate dance of negotiation was a sight to behold.I sat in on a particularly intense negotiation session between Zephyr Trading's procurement team and a supplier from Southeast Asia. The back-and-forth exchange was a masterclass in diplomacy, with both parties vying for the most advantageous terms while maintaining a respectful and professional demeanor. In the end, Zephyr Trading's team emerged victorious, securing a deal that would ensure a steady supply of high-quality goods at competitive prices.The Importance of Cultural AwarenessAs an import/export company dealing with clients and suppliers from around the globe, cultural awareness and sensitivity were paramount at Zephyr Trading. I was fortunate to attend a cultural competency training session led by one of the company's seasoned international trade specialists.During the session, we delved into the nuances of conducting business in various regions, exploring topics such as communication styles, negotiation tactics, and cultural customs. I learned the importance of understanding and respecting cultural differences, as even the slightest misstep could potentially jeopardize a valuable business relationship.The Zephyr Trading team emphasized the importance of fostering an environment of inclusivity and open-mindedness, where diverse perspectives were not only welcomed but celebrated. This approach, they believed, was key to their success in navigating the complex web of international trade.The Future of Global TradeAs my internship drew to a close, I couldn't help but feel a sense of excitement for the future of global trade. Zephyr Trading's unwavering commitment to innovation, sustainability, and ethical business practices positioned them as a leader in an industry that was constantly evolving.I had the opportunity to sit down with the company's CEO, who shared their vision for the future. They spoke about embracing emerging technologies, such as blockchain and artificial intelligence, to streamline processes and enhance transparency across the supply chain. Additionally, theyemphasized the importance of prioritizing environmentally responsible practices and supporting fair trade initiatives, ensuring that their business operations had a positive impact on the communities they served.As I reflected on my time at Zephyr Trading, I couldn't help but feel a sense of pride and gratitude. Not only had I gained invaluable practical experience in the world of international trade, but I had also witnessed firsthand the dedication, professionalism, and passion that drove this remarkable company. It was an experience that would undoubtedly shape my future endeavors as a business professional and inspire me to strive for excellence in all that I do.。
服装外贸英语自我介绍
服装外贸英语自我介绍English:I am an experienced professional in the field of clothing foreign trade, possessing a solid background in both garment manufacturing and international business. With over five years of hands-on experience, I have successfully managed various aspects of the clothing export process, from product development and sourcing to negotiation and logistics. My expertise lies in identifying market trends, understanding consumer preferences, and establishing strong relationships with overseas clients and suppliers. I am adept at managing multiple projects simultaneously while ensuring timely delivery and maintaining quality standards. Furthermore, my strong communication and negotiation skills, coupled with fluency in English and proficiency in Mandarin, enable me to effectively bridge cultural and linguistic gaps in business dealings. I am committed to delivering exceptional results and contributing to the growth and success of any organization I work with.中文翻译:我是服装外贸领域的一名经验丰富的专业人士，具备扎实的服装制造和国际贸易背景。
内部控制、机构投资者与上市公司海外并购绩效
2020年10月（第34卷第10期）Oct.，2020（Vol.34，No.10）East China Economic Management内部控制、机构投资者与上市公司海外并购绩效王治皓1，廖科智2a，齐岳2a，2b（1.浙江工业大学管理学院，浙江杭州310014；2.南开大学a.商学院；b.中国公司治理研究院，天津300071）摘要：文章以事件研究法为基础，测度了2005-2018年中国上市公司海外并购的市场绩效，并从上市公司内部控制有效性和机构投资者持股的角度进一步探讨了市场绩效差异的来源。
研究发现：内部控制评级、机构投资者持股比例均与上市公司海外并购绩效之间存在正向关系，且机构投资者持股对代理成本的抑制作用在国有企业组中表现得更加明显。
研究结果表明，完善的内部控制系统、机构投资者持股比例的提升有助于缓解上市公司在海外并购中的代理成本，推动海外并购绩效的提升。
关键词：海外并购绩效；事件研究法；机构投资者持股；内部控制有效性中图分类号：F272；F275文献标识码：A文章编号：1007-5097（2020）10-0120-09 Internal Control，Institutional Shareholdings and Listed CompaniesCross-border M&A PerformanceWANG Zhihao1，LIAO Kezhi2a，QI Yue2a，2b（1.School of Management，Zhejiang University of Technology，Hangzhou310014，China；2.a.Business School；b.China Institute of Corporate Governance，Nankai University，Tianjin300071，China）Abstract：Based on the event research method，the paper measures the market performance of Chinese listed companiescross-border mergers and acquisitions from2005to2018，and further discusses the sources of market performance differ⁃ences from the perspective of listed companies internal control effectiveness and institutional shareholdings.The studyfound that there is a positive relationship between the internal control rating，the percentage of institutional shareholdingsand the performance of listed companies cross-border mergers and acquisitions，and the inhibitory effect of institutionalshareholdings on agency costs is more obvious in the state-owned enterprise group.The results of the study show that asound internal control system and an increase in the shareholdings of institutional investors can reduce the agency costs oflisted companies in overseas mergers and acquisitions and promote the improvement of overseas merger and acquisitionperformance.Key words：cross-border M&A performance；event research method；institutional shareholdings；internal control effec⁃tiveness一、引言在“走出去”和“一带一路”倡议等对外开放政策的支持下，海外并购已经成为中国企业实现技术转型和市场扩张的重要手段，成为影响企业核心竞争力的重要因素。
overseas英文解释
overseas英文解释Overseas: Definition, Contexts, and Implications.The term "overseas" refers to a location that is beyond the territorial boundaries of a particular country or region. It is often used to describe places that are geographically distant, culturally distinct, or politically separate from the reference point. In a globalized world, the concept of overseas has become increasingly significant, as it encompasses a wide range of political, economic, and cultural interactions.Geographical Context.Geographically, overseas can refer to any landmass, island, or region that is not part of a particularcountry's mainland territory. For example, for someoneliving in the United States, Europe would be considered overseas. Similarly, for someone in Australia, Asia wouldfall under the category of overseas. This geographicaldefinition is fundamental in understanding the scope and context of the term.Political and Legal Implications.Politically, the term overseas can have different meanings depending on the context. In some cases, it may refer to foreign countries that have diplomatic relations with the country of reference. In other instances, it can encompass regions that are politically autonomous but still considered part of the country's jurisdiction, such as overseas territories or dependencies. Legally, the definition of overseas can impact matters such as jurisdiction, taxation, and citizenship rights.Economic Perspectives.Economically, the overseas concept is often associated with trade, investment, and globalization. Corporations may have overseas operations in order to expand their market reach, access cheaper labor, or take advantage of tax incentives. Individuals may invest overseas for diversifiedinvestment portfolios or seek employment opportunities abroad. The term "overseas" also refers to the flows of capital, goods, and services that occur between countries, driving global economic growth and interdependence.Cultural Exchange and Identity.Culturally, the overseas experience can be a powerful influence on individual and collective identities. Migration, travel, and cross-cultural interactions can lead to the exchange of ideas, traditions, and values between overseas locations and the country of origin. This cultural exchange can enrich individuals' lives, broaden perspectives, and foster mutual understanding and respect between different cultures.Social Aspects.Socially, the term overseas is often linked to communities of expatriates, immigrants, and travelers. These communities can form a bridge between different cultures, fostering connections and understanding betweenpeople from diverse backgrounds. Social media and other digital platforms have also made it easier for people to connect and share experiences across overseas borders, creating a more interconnected global society.Conclusion.In conclusion, the term "overseas" encompasses a diverse range of concepts, including geography, politics, economics, culture, and society. It is a dynamic and multifaceted term that reflects the interconnectedness and complexity of the modern world. As globalization continues to shape our lives, the overseas context will remain relevant and significant, driving change and fostering understanding between people across the globe.。
国际商务策略竞争分析英文
11
Global platform strategy
International business managers make decisions about what should be global versus local:
• Products • Technology and inputs • Manufacturing • Brands • Marketing • Distribution Example: Wal-Mart must compete with both international
players such as Carrefour and local retailers
12
Global platform strategy Local brand positioning of a global brand and global product
• Corona sells the same beer, produced in 8 plants in Mexico, all over the world
• Local distribution and marketing Example: McDonald’s, Coca-Cola: Global brand, some local product tailoring, reliance on local distribution
• Local technology, production, customer service Acer computer company
Unilever in US: Breyers, Nestlé in US: Dreyers Ben and Jerry’s, Good Humor, Klondike, Popsicle
东方海外OOCL剖析
Core business
Intermodal
Core business
OOCL Logistics
OOCL Logistics Ltd. (OLL), the OOIL Group's international freight consolidation and logistics service unit, began in 1979. Services extend from basic freight consolidation services to the management and operation of more comprehensive programs involving multi-modal transportation, warehousing and distribution activities
An OOCL container ship on the Elbe, in Hamburg, Germany.
OOCL Logistics Operation
International Logistics
Domestic Logistics
Value Added Services
OOCL Logistics Operation
Today, OOCL is one of the world's leading container transport and logistics service providers, with more than 320 offices in 65 countries around the world.
Core business
OOCL Containers
国际商务策略竞争分析英文
$ 20/unit
• Price company can charge per unit: Global product: $80/unit in each country
Two local products: $95/unit in each country
Global versus regional product:
Competitive strategies: Global vs. local
© Professor Daniel F. Spulber
Global competitive strategies The G5
Platform strategy Network Strategy Intermediary strategy Entrepreneur strategy Investment strategy
specifications, domestic content) -- EU product standards • High costs of trade create separate markets
9
Global platform strategy
Reduces development and production costs Used in automobiles, mobile phones, computers, aircraft Example: Cost per product (development and mfg): $80 Cost of basic platform development: $100 Cost of each variation (development and production): $50 Use platform when serving four or more customer country
专升本高频词汇
affect v. 影响advertise v.广告afford v.负担得起adapt v.适应adjust v.调整advanced adj.高级的，年迈的adopt v.收养，采纳appeal v.呼吁，有吸引attitude n.态度assume v.假设attract v.吸引assist v.协助astonish v.惊讶assemble v.集合，聚集artificial adj.人工的，人为的available adj.可利用的，可得到的average adj.平均的，普通的avoid v.避免aware v.意识到appreciation n.欣赏，感谢background n.背景，经历balance n.平衡bargain v.讨价n.便宜货barely adv.仅仅，只不过base n.基础v.把……建立在……的基础上(on) beneath prep.在……下面behavior(u)r n.行为believe v.相信benefit n.益处，好处blank adj.空白的，茫然的n.空白处boast v.提高，推动border n.边界，界限boring adj.令人厌烦的，无聊的burden n.负担burst v.爆炸cause v.引起n.原因calm adj.平静的，镇定的campus n.(大学)校园cancel v.取消candidate n.候选人capable adj.有能力的career n.职业cautious adj.谨慎的，小心的cease v.终止，停止certain adj.肯定的certificate n.执照challenge n.挑战chance n.可能性，机会change v.改变n.变化character n.性格，特点characteristic n.特性，特征chase v.追逐confine v.限制confirm v.证实，肯定conflict n.冲突choice v.选择connect v.连接conscious adj.意识到的custom n.习惯，风俗construct v.构筑，建造contain v.包含command v.命令，指挥comment n.评论，意见complain v.抱怨contrary adj.相反的convenient adj.方便的convey v.表达，传达cover v.覆盖，行过(一段路)，报道create v.创造，产生credit n.信贷，信任v.信任crisis n.危机，决定性时刻critical adj.决定性的，批判的crude adj.粗鲁的curiosity n.好奇心culture n.文化，教养Xmas [5krIsmEs] n. 圣诞节X-RAY X射线Xanadu 华厦,行宫,世外桃Wanderv.闲逛、走神Warn n.战争Warnv.警告Wasten./v.废弃物，浪费Waven/v.波浪，挥动Weakadj.虚弱的Wealthyadj.富裕的Weaponn.武器Welfaren.福利Whereasconj.然而，但是Whetherconj.是否、不管Whileconj.尽管Widespreadadj.普遍的，分布广的Wiren.电线Wisdomn.智慧Wiseadj.英明的Withstandv.经受Worldwideadj.世界范围的Worthwhileadj.值得的Valuableadj.有价值的Variableadj.易变的Varietyn.多样化Variousadj.不同的Vehiclen.交通工具Venturen/v.风险、冒险Verifyv.核实Vesseln.船、容器Vicen.缺点Victimn.牺牲品Viewpointn.观点Vigorousadj.有力的Violentadj.猛烈的Virtuen.美德、优点Visibleadj.看得见的Visionn.想象力，视觉Vividadj.生动的，鲜艳的Voluntaryadj.自愿的Voicen.声音Vitaminn.维生素Ultimateadj.极端的，最终的Uncoverv.揭露Undergov.经历Underneathprep.在....下面Undertakev.承担Undoubtedlyadv.无疑，必定Unexpectedadj.想不到的，意外的Uniformn.制服Unionn.联盟Uniqueadj.独一无二的Unitev.使联合Universaladj.普遍的Universen.宇宙Upsetadj.心烦的v.使苦恼，打乱Urbanadj.城市的Urgev.鼓励Urgentadj.急迫的Usagen.用法、习语Usefuladj.有用的Uselessadj.无用的take into account 考虑，重视take advantage of 利用，趁机time and again 反复地，一次又一次地the average 平均起来，一般说来try one's best 竭尽全力take care (of) 当心，注意;照顾，照看take a chance 冒风险，碰运气take the chance 冒风险，碰运气take charge of 负责(照看);接管take...into consideration予以考虑the day after tomorrow后天the day before yesterday前天the other day 前几天to a certain degree 在一定程度上take it easy 别着急，慢慢来take into effect 使生效;起作用to a certain extent 在一定程度上to a great/large extent 在很大程度上to some extent 在某种程度上to one's face 当着(某人的)面，坦率地the former 前者take...for granted 认为…理所当然take pains 刻苦努力take part in 参加…，参与…take place 发生take the place of 代替，取代to the point 切中要害;对准that is to say 即，也就是说takeover ['teikˌəuvə] n.(事业等的)接管;(经营权等的)接收tale [teil] n.故事，传说;谎言talent ['tælənt] n.天赋，才能;人才talented ['tæləntid] a.有天份的，有才干的talk [tɔ:k] n.谈话vt.谈论，讨论vi.讲话，交谈talkative ['tɔ:kətiv] a.喜欢讲话的，健谈的，多嘴的tall [tɔ:l] n.高的，身材高的;有所示高度的tank [tæŋk] n.大容器，油箱，水箱;坦克tap [tæp] n.塞子vt.开发v./n.轻叩，轻拍teacher ['ti:tʃə] n.教师，教员teaching ['ti:tʃiŋ] n.教学，执教，任教，讲授;(复数)教诲team [ti:m] n.队，组tear [tiə, teə] n.(pl.)眼泪vt.撕裂;使…分裂vi.破裂teenage ['ti:neidʒ] a.10来岁的(13-19岁)teenager ['ti:neidʒə] n.(13-19岁的)青少年telecommunication [ˌtelikəmju:ni'keiʃən] n.通讯，电信telegram ['teligræm]n.电报telegraph ['teligrɑ:f] n.电报机v.打电报telephone ['telifəun]n.电话vt.打电话telescope ['teliskəup]n.望远镜television ['teliˌviʒən,ˌteli'viʒən] n.电视(机)telex ['teleks] n.电传tell [tel] vt.告诉;告诫;命令;辨别tell from 区别，辨别temporarily['tempərərili] ad.暂时地，临时地temporary['tempərəri] a.暂时的，临时的tennis ['tenis] n.网球tense [tens] a.拉紧的，绷紧的;紧张的tension ['tenʃən] n.紧张;张力，拉力tent [tent] n.帐篷term [tə:m] n.学期;期限;术语vt.称为，叫做terrific [tə'rifik] a.极好的，了不起的;极大的，极度的terrifytaint感染threatn.威胁tonen.语气topicn.主题totaladj.总的throughoutprep.遍及，贯穿talentn.才能、人才tameadj.驯服的，温顺的temperaturen.温度tendv.易于、趋向themen.主题，题目theoryn.理论、学说thereforeadv.因此targetn.目标tastev/n.品尝、兴趣taxn.税technologyn.技术tempern.脾气thoughconj/adv.尽管、然而toughadj.困难的、坚强的terrorn.恐怖solvev.解决somewhatadv.稍微sorrown.悲哀、哀痛stagen,阶段时期standardn.标准starev/n.凝视盯specificadj.明确的、特定的sortn.种类sourcen.源泉spann.一段时间sponsorn.主办者sufferv.遭受suggestv.建议surfacen.表面survivev.活下来racialadj.种族的raisev.举起、增加rapidadj.迅速的rarelyadv.难得reactv.反应、反对realisticadj.现实的，可行的reasonn.原因recallv.回忆起、记得receptionn.招待会，接待recognizev.认出reducev.减少reflectv.反映removev.去掉、挪走repairn/v.修理reportv/n报告、报道reputationn.名声rescuev/n 营救researchn/v 研究，调查reservev.预定、保留respondv.回答reporter n.报告者;呈报者;新闻记者，通讯员，广播员典型例句：Reporteris a writer, an investigator,or a presenter of newsstories.译文：记者是新闻故事的作者、调查者或主持人。
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Production and trade increasingly involves the flow of intermediate goods from one county to the next as multiple countries complete successive steps in a globally integrated production process.1 As outsourcing activities grow in importance, they fuel public concern that firms will immediately relocate their production facilities whenever wages and costs in the current location rise above those available elsewhere. However, more nuanced treatments of outsourcing decisions recognize that location decisions require more than a simple cross country comparison of wages. As recent work by Grossman and Helpman (2002) demonstrates, a high wage country may continue to attract outsourcing firms if it offers better infrastructure, partners who are skilled in adapting their capabilities to the needs of the outsourcing firms, or highly effective legal protections that secure outsourcing relationships. Nonetheless, while it is well
understood that the location of outsourcing production should reflect differences in country costs, there is little known about actual outsourcing decisions.2 To examine how costs affect outsourcing decisions, I study U.S. outsourcing conducted between 1980 and 2000 through the provisions of the offshore assembly program (OAP) which is known as 9802 in the current U.S. tariff code. The benefit of studying the OAP program is that it presents a direct view of one portion of outsourcing activities, since the program was specifically designed to provide tariff benefits to firms whose exports to the U.S. contain U.S.-produced parts or materials. In particular, when such products enter the U.S., tariffs are due on the foreign portion of value added, but not
Hummels, Ishii & Yi’s (2001) calculations suggest that vertical specialization now accounts for 30 percent of all trade flows. See Feenstra (1998) for a survey and description of trends in international outsourcing. 2 Gorg’s (2000) study of US outsourcing in the EU is one exception. In related work, Swenson (1999), Feenstra, Hanson and Swenson (2000), and Hanson, Mataloni and Slaughter (2003) examine how the share of parent inputs in outsourcing production is affected by costs. 1
Overseas Assembly and Country Sourcing Choices Deborah L. Swenson NBER Working Paper No. 10697 August 2004 JEL No. F1 ABSTRACT This paper studies the cross-country pattern of U.S. overseas assembly activities between 1980 and 2000 to examine how outsourcing decisions are affected by changes in country and competitor costs. A number of interesting regularities emerge. When a country's costs rise, the share of U.S. overseas assembly activities in that location decline. Conversely, a country's share of U.S. overseas assembly activities grows when competitor country costs increase. While own and competitor country costs affect overseas assembly in all countries, the magnitude of these effects is larger for developing countries than it is for developed countries. In many cases, the measured responses to cost changes appear to correspond with outsourcing theories that are based on search and customization costs. Deborah L. Swenson Department of Economics University of California One Shields Avenue Davis, CA 95616 and NBER dswenson@
from this program are very rich, as OAP outsourcing involved almost 400 four-digit SIC industries, and more than 60 countries who frequently provided assembly services. Further, while imports entering through the OAP program do not include all outsourcing activities related to the U.S., they do represent a non-trivial portion of U.S. trade.3 Another benefit of studying outsourcing activities conducted through OAP is that use of OAP data enable one to construct detailed cost measures by country and industry that account for production techniques, as well as country, tariff and transportation costs. By studying evolution of OAP outsourcing patterns over time, this paper analyzes how cost conditions affect outsourcing. The results show that the share of any industry OAP outsourcing conducted in a country is responsive to that country’s costs as well as changes in their competitors’ costs. The share of OAP imports purchased from a
NBER WORKING PAPER SERIES
OVERSEAS ASSEMBLY AND COUNTRY SOURCING CHOICES Deborah L. Swenson Working Paper 10697 /papers/w10697 NATIONAL BUREAU OF ECONOMIC RESEARCH 1050 Massachusetts Avenue Cambridge, MA 02138 August 2004