不定式和动名词作主语的区别 一
动名词与不定式的区别
动名词与不定式的区别动名词与不定式的区别:动名词与不定式是英语中两种常见的非谓语动词形式,它们在构成和用法上有着明显的区别。
本文将从不同角度对动名词与不定式进行对比,帮助读者更好地理解它们之间的区别。
1. 构成:动名词是动词加上-ing形式构成的名词,例如:doing, swimming, playing等。
而不定式是由“to + 动词原形”构成的结构,例如:to do, to swim, to play等。
2. 作为主语:动名词可以作为句子的主语,表示一种行为或状态,例如:Swimming is good exercise. 而不定式作为主语时,常常表达一种目的或打算,例如:To learn a new language is my goal.3. 作宾语:动名词常常作为及物动词的宾语,例如:I enjoy swimming in the pool. 不定式也可以作为及物动词的宾语,例如:She wants to learn how to dance.4. 和情态动词连用:当动名词和情态动词连用时,情态动词后面必须跟动名词形式,例如:I can't stand smoking. 而不定式和情态动词连用时,情态动词后跟不定式的原形,例如:She must study hard to pass the exam.5. 表达目的:动名词常用来表达一个动作或状态的目的,例如:I went to the gym for swimming. 而不定式也可以表达目的,例如:She walked fast tocatch the bus.通过以上对比,我们可以清楚地看到动名词与不定式在用法上的区别。
在实际运用中,我们需要根据句子的语境和需要选择合适的形式,以确保句子表达准确清晰。
希望本文的对比能帮助读者更好地理解动名词与不定式之间的区别,提高英语写作和表达的能力。
动词不定式与动名词的区别及使用方法
动词不定式与动名词的区别及使用方法动词不定式是一个动词的基本形式,通常由动词原形加上"to"构成,如"to go"。
动名词是动词的现在分词形式,通常由动词原形加上"ing"构成,如"going"。
区别:1. 功能不同:- 动词不定式可以用作句子的主语、宾语、以及补语等,并且可以表示动作的目的、意愿、能力和可能性等。
- 动名词可以用作句子的主语、宾语、介词宾语、以及形容词或副词的补语等,并且可以表示正在进行的动作或抽象的概念。
2. 结构不同:- 动词不定式可以带有自己的主语,而动名词通常没有自己的主语。
- 动词不定式可以与情态动词和助动词一起使用,而动名词通常不能与这些词一起使用。
使用方法:1. 动词不定式的使用:- 作主语:To travel is my dream.- 作宾语:I want to go on a vacation.- 表示目的:I study hard to pass the exam.- 表示意愿:I would like to visit my grandparents.- 表示能力和可能性:He is able to solve the problem.2. 动名词的使用:- 作主语:Swimming is a great exercise.- 作宾语:I enjoy reading books.- 作介词宾语:She is fond of playing the guitar.- 作补语:I am interested in learning new things.总结:动词不定式和动名词虽然在形式上有所区别,但在使用上都有自己独特的功能。
根据句子的需要和语境,我们可以选择合适的形式来表达我们想要表达的意思。
不定式和动名词作主语区别
不定式和动名词作主语的差别:(1)动名词作主语往常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示详细动作。
Smoking is prohibited(严禁)here.这里严禁吸烟。
( 抽象 )It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
(详细 )(2)动名词作主语时,往常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语往常用来表示一件未达成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting.登山很风趣。
(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在顶峰时辰开车令人讨厌。
(经验 )To finish the task will take a long time.要达成这项任务将要花费很长时间。
(详细)(3)不定式做主语,一般用 it 当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.(4)动名词做主语常常表示一般的,一般的行为;不定式作主语经常表示某次详细的行为。
Collecting information about children's health is his job.采集相关小孩健康的信息是他的工作。
It ’ s necessary to discuss the problem with an experienced teacher. 与一位有经验的老师议论这个问题是有必需的。
2、常用不定式做主语的句型有:(1)It ’ s difficult (important, necessary) for sb. to do(2)It ’ s kind (good, friendly, polite, careless, rude, cruel, clever, foolish, brave) of sb. to do.3、常用动名词做主语的句型有:It ’ s no good (use, fun) doing.It ’ s (a) waste of time one’ s doing.。
不定式,动名词和分词的区别(基础教资)
不定式和动名词作主语区别1.含义上的不同。
不定式一般表示特定的,具体的行为,特别是表示将来的,或一次性的行为。
如:To write a new book about medicine is his wish. 写一部医学方面的新书是他的愿望。
(将来的动作)It took me two hours to finish this work today. (表示一次性的动作)动名词表示一般的事实Raising pigs is her job. 养猪是她的工作。
2. 结构上的不同。
在一些固定的句子中动名词It’s no use doing It is useless doing 做……无用It’s no good doing It’s no help doing 做……无用,无益There be 句型There is no joking about such matter.不定式It isn’t easy to do I have no time to do不定式复合结构It is + adj.+ of/for sb + to do It is very kind of you to help me.代词+不定式结构Mary’s coming late made him angry.疑问词+不定式Where to hold the meeting has not been decided.It’s time for sb to do3. 主语和表语同时使用要一致To live is to learn.Reading is learning.不定式、动名词和分词作表语区别1.动名词和不定式相当于一个名词,分词相当于一个形容词。
2.不定式、动名词与分词作表语的区别。
不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语,含义是回答主语“是什么”;分词作表语相当于形容词作表语,含义是回答主语“怎么样”。
如:①Our plan is to keep the affair secret. 我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。
动词的不定式与动名词的区别
动词的不定式与动名词的区别动词的不定式(infinitive)和动名词(gerund)是英语中两种常见的非谓语动词形式。
尽管在形式上它们有一些相似之处,但在用法和含义上有明显的区别。
本文将详细介绍动词的不定式和动名词的区别,以便读者更好地理解和运用它们。
一、形式上的区别1. 动词的不定式通常由“to + 动词原形”构成,例如:to learn,to eat,to go等。
2. 动名词则是在动词原形后面直接加上-ing,例如:learning,eating,going等。
二、用法上的区别1. 主语的区别:a) 不定式作为主语:不定式一般用作主语时,表示一种抽象的行为、概念或目的。
例如:- To learn a new language is challenging.(学一门新语言很有挑战性。
)b) 动名词作为主语:动名词用作主语时,表示一种具体的、实际的行为或活动。
例如:- Reading helps expand your vocabulary.(阅读有助于扩大你的词汇量。
)2. 宾语的区别:a) 不定式作为宾语:不定式可以作为及物动词或不及物动词的宾语,常用于某些动词后,例如:want,hope,decide等。
例如: - She wants to learn Chinese.(她想学中文。
)b) 动名词作为宾语:动名词一般用作及物动词的宾语,常用于某些动词后,例如:enjoy,like,dislike等。
例如:- He enjoys swimming in the ocean.(他喜欢在海里游泳。
)3. 表语的区别:a) 不定式作为表语:不定式可以用作表语,通常用于表示完成、未来或可能性等。
例如:- His dream is to become a doctor.(他的梦想是成为一名医生。
)b) 动名词作为表语:动名词不常用作表语。
4. 定语的区别:a) 不定式作为定语:不定式可以用作修饰名词或代词的定语,常用于表示目的、原因或解释等。
不定式,动名词和分词的区别
不定式和动名词作主语区别1.含义上的不同。
不定式一般表示特定的,具体的行为,特别是表示将来的,或一次性的行为。
如:To write a new book about medicine is his wish. 写一部医学方面的新书是他的愿望。
(将来的动作) It took me two hours to finish this work today. (表示一次性的动作)动名词表示一般的事实Raising pigs is her job. 养猪是她的工作。
2. 结构上的不同。
在一些固定的句子中动名词It’s no use doing It is useless doing 做……无用It’s no good doing It’s no help doing 做……无用,无益There be 句型 There is no joking about such matter.不定式It isn’t easy to do I have no time to do不定式复合结构 It is + adj.+ of/for sb + to do It is very kind of you to help me.代词+不定式结构 Mary’s coming late made him angry.疑问词+不定式 Where to hold the meeting has not been decided.It’s time for sb to do3. 主语和表语同时使用要一致To live is to learn.Reading is learning.不定式、动名词和分词作表语区别1.动名词和不定式相当于一个名词,分词相当于一个形容词。
2.不定式、动名词与分词作表语的区别。
不定式和动名词作表语相当于一个名词作表语,含义是回答主语“是什么”;分词作表语相当于形容词作表语,含义是回答主语“怎么样”。
如:① Our plan is to keep the affair secret. 我们的计划是让这件事成为秘密。
不定式与动名词的区别
不定式与动名词的区别不定式和动名词是英语语法中常用的两种名词形式,它们在使用和功能上有一些区别。
本文将详细介绍不定式和动名词的区别。
一、定义不定式是动词的一种非谓语形式,由“to + 原型动词”构成,可以用作名词、形容词或副词。
例如:“to eat”、“to sleep”。
动名词是动词的一种非谓语形式,以-ing 结尾,可以用作名词。
例如:“eating”、“running”。
二、用途1. 不定式的用途(1)作主语:To travel broadens the mind.(旅行可以开拓眼界。
)(2)作宾语:She likes to swim.(她喜欢游泳。
)(3)作宾补:He wants to be a doctor.(他想成为医生。
)(4)作定语:This is a place to relax.(这是个休闲的地方。
)(5)作状语:He came here to talk with you.(他来这里和你谈话。
)2. 动名词的用途(1)作主语:Studying English is important.(学习英语很重要。
)(2)作宾语:I enjoy reading books.(我喜欢读书。
)(3)作宾补:I consider it worth trying.(我认为值得一试。
)(4)作定语:She's afraid of flying.(她害怕坐飞机。
)(5)作状语:He made money by selling paintings.(他靠卖画赚钱。
)三、区别与辨析1. 动作性与名词性不定式具有动词的动作性质,可以表示动作的进行或完成;动名词则具有名词的性质,可以作主语、宾语等。
比较:(1)I want to go to the park.(不定式作宾语,表示目的)(2)Going to the park is my favorite activity.(动名词作主语,表示活动本身)2. 是否能够接宾语不定式可以接宾语,通常在“动词+宾语+不定式”结构中用于表示一个完整的动作;动名词不能直接接宾语,需要借助介词来连接。
不定式和动名词作主语的区别
问:用动词ing作主语与动词不定式作主语有啥区别啊
答:用动词ing作主语与动词不定式作主语有啥区别啊
答:现在分词不可以作主语。
不定式和动名词形式作主语的区别:
一般情况下,不定式与动名词作主语可以互换,也常常可以用it充当形式主语,而把不定式和动名词放在句子的后半部分。
但二者也有区别,不定式常常指某次具体的、将要发生的行为;而动名词则表示一般的、抽象的行为。
例如:
To save money now is not easy. 现在攒钱不容易。
Saving money is a good habit. 攒钱是个好习惯。
不定式与动名词作主语的区别和用法
不定式与动名词作主语的区别和用法不定式和动名词作为主语在语法上有着一些区别和不同的用法。
了解这些区别和用法可以帮助我们更好地运用它们。
首先,不定式作为主语时,常常表示一个具体的动作、行为或目的。
不定式的构成是:to + 动词原形。
例如:- To travel around the world is my dream.(环游世界是我的梦想。
)- To learn a new language requires patience.(学习一门新语言需要耐心。
)不定式作为主语通常在句子的开头,并且后面需要有一个谓语动词来完成句子的结构。
接下来,动名词作为主语时,常常表示一种抽象的概念、习惯或兴趣。
动名词的构成是:动词的现在分词形式(动词原形+ing)。
例如:- Cooking is her favorite hobby.(烹饪是她最喜欢的爱好。
)- Singing in the shower makes me happy.(在淋浴时唱歌使我快乐。
)动名词作为主语通常在句子的开头,后面也需要有一个谓语动词来完整句子的结构。
此外,有一些动词后面只能跟不定式作为主语,而不能使用动名词作为主语,例如:hope, decide, want等。
例如:- I hope to visit Paris one day.(我希望有一天能够参观巴黎。
)- She decided to change her career.(她决定改变自己的职业。
)然而,有些动词则只能跟动名词作为主语,例如:enjoy, dislike, avoid等。
例如:- I enjoy swimming in the ocean.(我喜欢在海洋中游泳。
)- He dislikes cleaning the house.(他不喜欢打扫房子。
)总结一下,不定式和动名词作为主语的区别和用法在于:不定式更常表示具体的动作或目的,动名词更常表示抽象的概念或习惯;有些动词只能跟不定式作为主语,而有些动词只能跟动名词作为主语。
动名词和不定式的区别
动名词和不定式的区别动名词和不定式是英语语法中常见的两种非谓语动词形式。
尽管它们在形式上很相似,但在用法和意义上却有很大差别。
本文将详细论述动名词和不定式的区别。
一、动名词(Gerunds)动名词是由动词的现在分词形式加上-ing构成的名词形式。
它可以在句子中充当名词的角色,可以作为主语、宾语、表语、定语等。
1. 主语:(1) Running is good for your health.(跑步对你的健康有益。
)(2) Swimming in the pool is a popular activity.(在游泳池游泳是一个受欢迎的活动。
)2. 宾语:(1) I enjoy playing the piano.(我喜欢弹钢琴。
)(2) She suggested going to the movies.(她建议去看电影。
)3. 表语:(1) Her favorite hobby is dancing.(她最喜欢的爱好是跳舞。
)(2) The hardest part is waiting for the results.(最难的部分是等待结果。
)4. 定语:(1) I have a painting class every Tuesday.(我每周二有一节绘画课。
)(2) The running shoes are on sale.(跑鞋正在打折。
)二、不定式(Infinitives)不定式是由to加上动词原形构成的形式。
不定式可以在句子中充当动词、形容词或名词的角色,可以作为动词、定语、表语等。
1. 动词:(1) She wants to learn a new language.(她想学一门新语言。
)(2) They decided to go on a trip together.(他们决定一起去旅行。
)2. 定语:(1) I need a pen to write the report.(我需要一支笔来写报告。
不定式和动名词做主语的区别
不定式和动名词做主语的区别⒈不定式作主语动词不定式作主语时,句子的谓语动词常用单数,其位置有以下两种:(1)把不定式置于句首.如:To get there by bike will take us half an hour.(2)用it作形式主语,把真正的主语不定式置于句后,常用于下列句式中.如:①It+be+名词+to doIt's our duty to take good care of the old.②It takes sb + some time +to doHow long did it take you to finish the work③It+be+形容词+for sb +to doIt is difficult for us to finish writing the composition in a quarter of an hour.④It+be+形容词+of sb +to doIt is stupid of you to write down everything the teacher says.⑤It seems(appears)+形容词+to doIt seemed impossible to save money.在句型③中,常用表示客观情况的形容词,如:difficult, easy, hard, important, impossible, necessary 等;在句型④中,常用careless, clever, good, foolish, honest, kind, lazy, nice, right, silly, stupid, wise等表示赞扬或批评的词.在不定式前的sb,可看作其逻辑主语.这一句式有时相当于Sb is+形容词+to do句式,如:It's kind of you to help me with my English.=You are kind to help me with my English.⒉动名词作主语Learning without practice is no good.动名词作主语时,也常用It句式.如:①It's +no good(no use, fun, a pleasure, a waste of time)+doing…It's no good reading in dim light.It's no use sitting here waiting.②It's+形容词+doingIt's dangerous swimming in the sea in windy days.这样用的形容词有expensive, nice, tiring等,但important, necessary则不适用于这种结构,应用不定式代替,如:It's important for you to keep fit.③There is no + doingThere is no saying what will happen next.在这一结构中,动名词后常带宾语,相当于"It's impossible to…"结构.⒊动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别①不定式作主语经常表示具体动作,常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动作,经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起.如:It's no good eating too much fat.It's no good for you to eat so much fat.②动名词结构作主语,可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语.如:It's no use your pretending that you didn't know the rules.不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。
动名词和不定式的区别与用法
动名词和不定式的区别与用法动名词和不定式是英语中常见的两种动词形式,它们在用法和含义上有一些区别。
本文将从几个方面探讨动名词和不定式的区别与用法。
一、形式上的区别动名词是动词加上-ing形式构成的名词,例如:swimming, reading。
而不定式则是由to加上动词原形构成的,例如:to swim, to read。
二、用法上的区别1. 主语动名词可以作为句子的主语,例如:Swimming is my favorite hobby. 不定式一般不能作为句子的主语,但可以通过在前面加上it来作为形式主语,例如:It is important to learn English.2. 宾语动名词可以作为动词的宾语,例如:I enjoy swimming. 不定式也可以作为动词的宾语,例如:I want to go shopping.3. 表语动名词可以作为系动词的表语,例如:Her favorite activity is dancing. 不定式不能作为系动词的表语。
4. 定语动名词可以作为名词的定语,例如:I bought a swimming pool. 不定式也可以作为名词的定语,例如:I have a book to read.5. 动词后的宾语动名词可以直接跟动词后的宾语,例如:She enjoys swimming pools. 不定式一般需要用介词来连接动词后的宾语,例如:She wants to go to the swimming pool.6. 动词的完成形式动名词可以和完成时态连用,例如:I regret not studying harder. 不定式不能和完成时态连用,例如:I regret not to have studied harder.三、意义上的区别1. 动名词表示正在进行的动作或习惯性的动作,强调动作本身。
例如:I enjoy swimming. (我喜欢游泳)2. 不定式表示将来的动作或目的,强调动作的目的或意图。
常用句型动名词与不定式的区别
常用句型动名词与不定式的区别动名词和不定式作为英语语法中常用的词组形式,经常被用于表达特定的含义和语境。
本文将重点介绍动名词与不定式的区别,以帮助读者更好地理解和使用这两种句型。
一、定义和形式1. 动名词(Gerund)是动词的一种形式,以-ing结尾,并且在句中充当名词的角色。
动名词的形式为动词的原形 + -ing,例如:reading, swimming, studying等。
2. 不定式(Infinitive)是动词的一种形式,一般由“to + 动词原形”构成。
例如:to read, to swim, to study等。
二、句法用法1. 主语和宾语(1)动名词作为主语,常用于表达一般性的或已经完成的动作。
例如:Swimming is my favorite hobby.(游泳是我最喜欢的爱好。
)(2)不定式作为主语,常用于表达将来的或可能的动作。
例如:To travel around the world is my dream.(环游世界是我的梦想。
)(3)动名词作为宾语,常用于及物动词之后。
例如:I enjoy swimming in the ocean.(我喜欢在海洋中游泳。
)(4)不定式作为宾语,常用于及物动词之后,并带有to。
例如:She wants to go shopping this weekend.(她想在这个周末去购物。
)2. 补语(1)动名词作为补语,常用于及物动词之后。
例如:I find it interesting watching movies.(我发现看电影很有趣。
)(2)不定式作为补语,常用于及物动词之后,并带有to。
例如:She considers him to be a good friend.(她认为他是个好朋友。
)3. 定语和状语(1)动名词作为定语,修饰名词。
例如:I have a swimming lesson tomorrow.(我明天有一节游泳课。
动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别
⒊动词不定式和动名词作主语的区别①不定式作主语经常表示具体动作,常与特定的动作执行者联系在一起;而动名词作主语经常表示抽象动作,经常不与特定的动作执行者联系在一起.如:It's no good eating too much fat.It's no good for you to eat so much fat.②动名词结构作主语,可以用名词或代词属格形式作逻辑主语.如:It's no use your pretending that you didn't know the rules.,作宾语⒈不定式作宾语①以下动词后,只能跟不定式作宾语.如:agree, ask, aim, arrange, choose, decide, demand, expect, fail , help, hope, lean, long, manage, offer, plan, prepare, pretend, promise, refuse, wish等,这些词大部分可接that引导的从句.如:I decided to ask for my money back.I decided that I would ask for my money back.When our visit to the farm was over, we expected to start back on foot.When our visit to the farm was over, we expected that we would start back on foot.②当复合宾语中的宾语是不定式时,先用形式宾语it代替不定式,把不定式置于补语之后,即:主语+动词+it+补语+to do句式.如:We think it quite important for us to learn a foreign language well.He feels it his duty to help the poor.③介词but, except, besides +to do(do)在这种句型中,如介词前有动词do,后面应接不带to的不定式;如无do,则接to不定式,即带do不带to, 带to不带do.如:The enemy soldiers had no choice but to give in.On Sunday afternoon I had nothing to do but watch TV.⒉动名词作宾语①以下动词后,只能接动名词作宾语,如:admit, appreciate, consider, delay, enjoy, finish, keep, imagine, mind, miss, practise, resist, risk, save, suggest, don't mind, give up, insist, on, put off等.如:I suggest spending our summer vacation in a seaside town.You must give up smoking, for it does too much harm to your health.②动名词作介词的宾语I should go to attend the birthday celebration instead of staying at home.What about inviting Li Jun to make a speech动名词前的介词有时可以省略,如:have difficulty(in)doing, have no trouble(in)doing, lose no ti me(in)doing, prevent/stop…(from)doing, there is no use(in)doing等.⒊部分动词后面,既可接动词不定式,也可接动名词作宾语,意义不变.如:begin, continue, start, hat e, like, love, need, require, want等.在need, require, want后接-ing形式,表示被动意义,也可接不定式,但要用被动形式,如:Your handwriting needs improving (to be improved). hate, love, like接不定式表示特定的未来事件,接动名词表示目前正在进行的活动或一般的行为.在下列情况下,一般要用不定式:①hate, like, love前有would(should)时,如:I'd like to have a cup of coffee.②当谓语动词begin, continue, start等是进行式时,如:The students are starting to work on the difficult maths problem.③begin, continue, start与know, understand等状态动词连用时,如:I soon began to understand whatwas happening.⒋advise, allow, encourage, forbid, permit等动词后接动名词作宾语,或带不定式作宾语补足语.如:Our teachers don't permit our swimming in the lake.Our teachers don't permit us to swim in the lake.⒌部分动词后接不定式或动名词时,意义差别较大,应根据句子语境选择使用.①forget, remember, regret后接不定式,表示现在或未来的动作,接动名词表示动作已经发生.如:Don't forget fo post the letter for me.Have you forgotten meeting her in Beijing AirportRemember to close the windows before you leave.I remember writing him a letter a year ago.We regret to tell you that all of you are not invited to attend the meeting.They regretted ordering these books from abroad.②mean to do 打算做某事doing 意味着……I meant to catch up with the early bus.This means wasting a lot of money.③try to do 设法尽力做某事doing 试着做某事You should try to overcome your shortcomings.Try working out the physics problem in another way.④stop to do 停下一件事去做另一件事(不定式作目的状语)doing 停止做某事On the way to the airport, I stopped to buy a paper.You'd better stop arguing and do as you are told.⑤can't help doing 禁不住……to do不能帮助干……They couldn't help jumping up at the news.Sorry I have lots of work to do. So I can't help to make up the room for you.⑥go on to do 做不同的事或不同内容的事doing 继续不停地做某事,指同一动作的继续He went on to talk about world situation.他接着又谈了世界形势.We'll go on fighting so long as there is oppression in the world.⑦leave off to do 离开某地去干什么(目的状语)doing停下某事It's time to leave off talking and to start acting.They left off to go fishing.三,做表语不定式作表语表示具体动作或将来动作;动名词作表语表示抽象的一般行为.①To be kind to the enemy is to be cruel to the people.②My chief purpose is to point out the difficulties of the matter.③What I would suggest is to put off the meeting.当主语和表语都是不定式时,其含义一是条件,一是结果(例①).当主语是aim, duty, hope, idea, mistake, plan, purpose, suggestion等为中心词的名词词组(例②)时,或以what引导的名词性分句(例③),不定式说明主语的内容.④Our work is serving the people.⑤What he likes is taking a walk after supper.⑥The story told by Mr. Wang is interesting.④⑤句动名词作表语,与主语部分可以转换,如Serving the people is out work, 而⑥句中是现在分词作表语,说明主语的性质,状态,现在分词具有形容词的各种特征,另外,动名词作表语还应与进行时态区别开来.四,作定语⒈不定式作定语不定式在句中作定语,置于被修饰的名词或代词之后.如:①The next train to arrive is from Washington.②Have you anything to be taken to your sister③Do you have anything to say on the question④Would you please give me some paper to write on⑤My wish to visit France has come true at last.不定式短语作定语和被修饰词之间表示以下关系:(1)表示将来的动作(例①).(2)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,如是不及物动词,则需加介词(例④).(3)与被修饰词之间有动宾关系,同时与句中其它词之间又有逻辑上的主谓关系时,尽管有被动含义,却仍用主动语态(例③);如只有动宾关系,而无逻辑上的主谓关系,则需用被动语态(例②).(4)不定式作定语时,一般可转换为定语从句,例①to arrive=that will arrive.⒉动名词作定语①This passage can be used as listening materials.②The reading room of our school library can hold 800people.③All moving bodies have energy.①②句动名词作定语说明一种性能,即:用来……的;第③句为现在分词作定语,单个分词作定语常置于被修饰词之前,与被修饰词之间,可构成逻辑上的主谓关系,分词短语作定语常置于被修饰词之后.如:The man standing at the school gate is Professor Hua.五,不定式作补足语⒈作宾语补足语一些及物动词除要求按宾语外,有时还需要有宾语补足语,说明宾语的行为,状态,特征,这时意思才相对完整.(1)常要求不定式作宾补的动词有:allow, ask, advise, beg, cause, drive(强迫),encourage, expect, forbid, force, get, would like(love, hate), order, permit, persuade, teach, tell, want, warn, wish等.如:①Would you like me to give your regards to Mary②I want you to understand the whole passage clearly.(2)部分动词后常接to be+形容词,名词短语等形式,有时to be可省略,如:believe, consider, discover, find(=consider), feel(=think), imagine, judge, know, prove, think, suppose,see(=understand), understand等.①We all believe John(to be)honest.②I consider him(to be)one of the best biology teachers of No. 1 Middle School.但当不定式是完成式时,to不能省略,如:We consider him to have been foolish.(3)感觉动词和使役动词后用作宾补的不定式须省略to.①I didn't hear anyone say anything about it.②They make the students do too much homework every day.这种句式在变为被动语态时,to不能省略,如第②句:The students are made to do too much homework every day.(4)help, know后面的"to"可有可无.如:Would you please help me(to) fill in the tax formI've never known her(to)be late before.但:He was known to have been to France before.(5)部分短语动词后,常接不定式作宾补,如:You may depend on them to be there early.The Party calls on us to increase production and practise economy.常这样用的短语动词有:ask for, care for, call on, count on, depend on, wait for, long for(渴望), prepare for, wish for等.⒉作主语补足语不定式作主语补足语,和主语构成一种逻辑上的主谓关系.如:①He was not allowed to enter the classroom for being late.②The young university student is considered to have great promise.六,不定式作状语⒈作目的状语(1) ①I stayed there to see what would happen.②Henry has decided to go to the hospital to be examined by the doctor.(2)有时为了强调,不定式前可加in order或so as.如:Bob took down my telephone number so as(in order)not to forget it.有时为强调目的状语可把in order to或不定式置于句首,但so as to不能这样用.在这种句式中不定式部分可转换为so that, in order that, 成为目的状语从句,如:I stayed there so that (in order that)I could see what would happen.(3)在部分表示感情色彩的形容词,过去分词或动词之后可接不定式,如:astonished, glad, happy, laugh , pleased, sad, smile, sorry, surprised等.①We are glad to hear the news.②I was surprised to see that a three-year-old baby could write so well.在部分形容词后接不定式,用主动形式表示被动意义,这种句型中的主语是不定式的逻辑宾语.如:The question raised by the student is difficult to answer.The room is really comfortable to live in.常这样用的形容词有:comfortable, easy, dangerous, difficult, expensive, fit, impossible等.⒉作结果状语We came home after our holiday to find our garden neat and tidy.不定式作结果状语还常用在下列句式中.如:①so…as to; such…as toI'm not so stupid(a fool) as to put it in writing.我不至于愚蠢到会把它写下来.I'm not such a stupid fool as to put it in writing.②enough…t oThe speed is high enough for us to catch up with the first liner.③only toJane hurried back only to find her mother dying in the hospital.④too…toI'm too tired to stay up longer.但在下列结构中,too…to并非是"太……而不能……"之意.如:①I'm only too glad to have passed the exam.考试及格我太高兴了.(too修饰glad to have…,相当于very)②We have too much to learn.我们要学的太多了(不定式作定语).⒊不定式短语还可作独立成分,用于句首,句中或句末.如:To tell the truth, the play was a great disappointment tome.常见的短语有to be exact(确切地说),to begin with(首先),to do him justice(说句对他公道的话),to be sure(真的)等等.七,动词不定式,动名词的其它用法⒈疑问词+不定式结构疑问词who, what, which, when, where, whether, how后可接不定式构成不定式短语,在句中作主语,宾语,表语等.如:①When to leave for London has not been decided yet.②Mr. Smith didn't know whether to leave or stay there.③I asked Professor Xu how to learn English well.④The question was where to get the medicine needed.以上例句中疑问词+不定式部分,均可转换为相应的从句形式.如:①When we shall leave…③…how Icould learn…经常在这种结构中使用的动词有:consider, decide, discover, explain, find out, forget, hear, know, lea rn, observe, understand, wonder等.⒉动词不定式的时态,语态(1)时态①一般式:动词不定式一般式表示的动作发生在谓语动词之后,有时表示同时发生.如:I hope to become a university student this year.(to become发生在hope之后)We often hear Dick play the piano in the next room.(play和hear同时发生)②完成式:表示的动作发生在谓语动词所表示的动作之前.如:I'm sorry to have kept you waiting.We are too young to have seen the old society.③进行式:表示的动作与谓语动词同时发生.如:The teacher happened to be correcting our papers when I came in.They seemed to be discussing something important.(2)语态如果动词不定式的逻辑主语是这个不定式所表示的动作的承受者,不定式一般要用)want to do sth 想要做某事want sb to do sth 想要某人做某事turn to sb for help 求助于某人(这算不定式?)help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事It is dangerous to do sth 做……是危险的want to be 希望从事什么职业stop to do sth 停下来去做某事remember to do sth 记得去做某事forget to do sth 忘记去做某事love to do sth 喜爱做某事would like to do sth 想要做某事would like sb to do sth 想要某人做某事(I would= I'd)practice doing sth 练习做某事spend(time/money) in doing sth 花时间或钱做某事spend补充spend...on sth 在某物上花多少钱go to do sth 去做某事watch sb do sth (省略to)看见某人做某事(全过程)It's time to do sth 做……事的时间到了(=It's time for sth)decide to do sth 决定做某事agree to do sth 同意做某事have to do sth 不得不做某事动名词like doing sth 喜欢做某事(经常)enjoy doing sth 喜欢做某事be busy doing sth 忙于做某事(=be busy doing sth)be doing sth (现在进行时)thank sb for doing sth 谢某人做了某事(=thank sb for sth)remember doing sth 记得做过某事forget doing sth 忘记去做某事stop doing sth 停止做某事huan fun doing sth 做某事有乐趣do some +V.ing 做某事What about doing sth 做某事怎么样?(=How about doing sth)watch sb doing sth 看见某人正在做某事find sb/sth doing sth 发现某人/物在做某事(这个有点疑问,参考书上说强调结果,一般不用进行时态?)discuss doing sth 讨论做某事go doing 去做某事What do you think of doing sth 你认为做某事怎么样?原形let sb do sth 让某人做某事make sb do sth 让某人做某事help sb (to) do sth 帮助某人做某事。
不定式和动名词的区别
1)动名词与不定式的区别:动名词表达的是:状态,性质,心境,抽象,经常性,已发生的不定式表达的是:目的,结果,原因,具体,一次性,将发生的不定式与动名词都可以在句中作主语、宾语、表语和定语,但用法不尽相同。
一、作主语一般情况下,不定式与动名词作主语可以互换,也常常可以用it充当形式主语,而把不定式和动名词放在句子的后半部分。
但二者也有区别,不定式常常指某次具体的、将要发生的行为;而动名词则表示一般的、抽象的行为。
例如:To save money now is not easy. 现在攒钱不容易。
Saving money is a good habit. 攒钱是个好习惯。
[真题回放]1. ________ to sunlight for too much time will do harm to one’s skin.A. ExposedB. Having exposedC. Being exposedD. After being exposed二、作宾语有些动词后只能跟不定式作宾语,不能跟动名词作宾语;有些动词后常跟动名词作宾语,不能跟不定式作宾语;有些动词后跟不定式和动名词作宾语皆可,但意思不同,另外还要熟记下面几点:1)下列短语中的to是介词,其后跟动名词,不跟不定式。
be(get) used to习惯于;look forward to盼望;pay attention to注意;get down to开始认真做;lead to通向、导致;prefer doing ... to doing ...宁愿做……而不愿做……;stick to坚持;devote one’s life(time, oneself) to献身于、致力于;object to反对;in addition to ...除……之外;on the way to ...在去……的路上、正要成为……;等等。
2)不定式除可用在except, but, besides等后作宾语之外,一般不用作介词宾语。
动名词和不定式的区分和考点总结
三、to是介词的高频短语
1.bebecome used/accustomed to 习惯于 2.be addicted to 沉溺于;对…上瘾 3.devote oneself to 致力于 4. turn to doing 开始 5.be attached to 附属于;喜欢;依恋 6.get down to 认真做.... 7.lead to 导致 8. look forward to 9.be equal to 胜任 10. the key to做...的关键 11. owing/thanks to...由于 12. make contributions to... 13. pay attention to 14. stick to 15. refer to 查阅;提及
五、动名词复合结构 作主语时,须用名词所有格或形容词
性物主代词;作宾语时,也可用普通格 或人称代词宾格。
Playing basketball is my hobby.
Tom’s (His) coming made us glad.
She didn’t mind Jack/ Jack’s (him/ his) coming here.
六、主动结构表被动意义
1.sth need/want/require doing to be done
例:The house needs repairing/to be repaired.
2. Sth is worth doing. sth is worthy to be done
例: This place is worth visiting. 3. Being understood is important.
stop doing sth. 4. regret to do sth.
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不定式和动名词作主语的区别一.不定式和动名词作主语的区别(1)动名词作主语通常表示抽象动作;而不定式作主语表示具体动作。
Smoking is prohibited(禁止)here.这里禁止抽烟。
(抽象)It is not very good for you to smoke so much.你抽这么多烟对你身体很不好。
(具体)(2)动名词作主语时,通常用以表示一件已知的事或经验。
不定式短语通常用来表示一件未完成的事或目的。
Climbing mountains is interesting.爬山很有趣。
(经验)Driving a car during the rush hour is tiring.在高峰时刻开车令人厌烦。
(经验)(3)不定式做主语,一般用it当形式主语,把作主语的不定式短语后置。
It took me only five minutes to finish the job.2.不定式、动名词和分词作表语的区别(1)不定式作表语1)不定式作表语一般表示具体动作,特别是表示将来的动作。
To do two things at a time is to do neither.--次做两件事等于未做。
What I would suggest is to start work at once.我的建议是立刻开始干。
2)如果主语是不定式(表示条件),表语也是不定式(表示结果)。
To see is to believe.百闻不如一见。
To work means to earn a living.工作就是为了生活。
3)如果主语是以aim,duty,hope,idea,happiness,job,plan,problem,purpose,thing,wish等为中心的名词,或以what引导的名词性从句,不定式作表语是对主语起补充说明作用。
His wish is to buy a luxurious car in the near future.他的希望是在不远的将来买一辆豪华轿车。
The function of Louis Sullivan's architecture was to provide large uninterrupted floor areas and to allow ample light into the interior.The most important thing is to negotiate with them about the future of the plant.(2)动名词作表语:动名词作表语,表示抽象的一般性的行为。
Our work is serving the people.我们的工作是为人民服务。
His hobby is collecting stamps.他的爱好是集邮。
(注)动名词作表语时与进行时态中的现在分词形式相同,但其所属结构迥异,进行时态说明动作是由主语完成的。
动名词做表语,说明主语的性质或情况。
People cannot but feel puzzled,for they simply cannot understand how he could have made such a stupid mistake.His victory in the final was no more convincing than I had expected.(3)分词作表语分词做表语有两种情况,一种是现在分词做表语,一种是过去分词做表语,这两者区别是考试中经常考到的地方。
一般来说,表示心理状态的动词如excite,interest等都是及物动词,汉语意思不是“激动”,“高兴”,而是“使激动”、“使高兴”,因而现在分词应该是“令人激动的”、“令人高兴的”,过去分词则是“感到激动的”和“感到高兴的”。
所以,凡表示“令人……的”都是-ing形式,凡是表示“感到……”都用-ed形式。
换句话说,若人对……感兴趣,就是somebody is interested in...,若人/物本身有兴趣时,就是说sb./sth. is interesting.这类词常见的有:interesting使人感到高兴--interested感到高兴的exciting令人激动的--excited感到激动的delighting令人高兴的--delighted感到高兴的disappointing令人失望的--disappointed感到失望的encouraging令人鼓舞的--encouraged感到鼓舞的pleasing令人愉快的--pleased感到愉快的puzzling令人费解的--puzzled感到费解的satisfying令人满意的---satisfied感到满意的surprising令人惊异的--surprised感到惊异的worrying令人担心的--worried感到担心的Travelling is interesting but tiring.旅行是有趣的,但是使人疲劳。
The pupils will get confused if they are made to learn too much.如果要学生学得太多,他们会感到糊涂的。
The argument is very convincing.他的论点很令人信服。
They were very excited at the news.听到这个消息,他们非常激动。
3.不定式和动名词作宾语的区别英语中大多数动词既可跟不定式,也可跟动名词作直接宾语,但有些动词要求:(1)不定式做宾语和宾语补足语1)下面的动词要求不定式做宾语attempt企图enable能够neglect忽视afford负担得起demand要求long渴望arrange安排destine注定mean意欲,打算begin开始expect期望omit忽略,漏appear似乎,显得determine决定manage设法cease停止hate憎恨,厌恶pretend假装ask问dread害怕need需要agree同意desire愿望love爱swear宣誓volunteer志愿wish希望bear承受endeavor努力offer提供beg请求fail不能plan计划bother扰乱;烦恼forget忘记prefer喜欢,宁愿care关心,喜欢happen碰巧prepare准备decide决定learn学习regret抱歉,遗憾choose选择hesitate犹豫profess表明claim要求hope希望promise承诺,允许start开始undertake承接want想要consent同意,赞同intend想要refuse拒绝decide决定learn学习vow起contrive设法,图谋incline有…倾向propose提议seek找,寻觅try试图2)下面的动词要求不定式做宾补:动词+宾语+动词不定式ask要求,邀请get请,得到prompt促使allow允许forbid禁止prefer喜欢,宁愿announce宣布force强迫press迫使bride 收买inspire鼓舞request请求assist协助hate憎恶pronounce断定,表示advise劝告exhort告诫,勉励pray请求authorize授权,委托help帮助recommend劝告,推荐bear容忍implore恳求remind提醒beg请求induce引诱report报告compel强迫invite吸引,邀请,summon传唤command命令intend想要,企图show 显示drive驱赶mean意欲,打算train训练cause引起instruct指示require要求deserve应受leave使,让tell告诉direct指导like喜欢tempt劝诱entitle有资格order命令warn告诫enable使能够need需要urge激励,力说encourage鼓励oblige不得不want想要condemn指责,谴责lead引起,使得teach教entreat恳求permit允许wish希望(2)有少数动词只能用动名词作宾语acknowledge承认,自认cease 停止mention说到,讲到admit 承认tolerate忍受dislike不喜欢,讨厌advocate:提倡,主张complete完成dread可怕appreciate 感激,欣赏confess坦白endure忍受avoid避免contemplate细想enjoy享有,喜爱bear忍受defer拖延envy嫉妒can't help不禁delay延迟escape逃跑,逃避can't stand受不了deny否认excuse借口consider 考虑detest嫌恶fancy幻想,爱好favor 造成,偏爱mind 介意repent悔悟figure描绘,计算miss错过resent怨恨finish完成,结束不得pardon原谅,饶恕resist抵抗,阻止forgive原谅permit 允许resume恢复imagine设想postpone延迟,延期risk冒险involve卷入,包含practise 实行,实践suggest建议hate讨厌prevent阻止save营救,储蓄keep保持quit放弃停止stand坚持,忍受loathe非常讨厌,厌恶recall回想例如:I appreciate having been given the opportunity to study abroad two years ago.我很感激两年前给我出国学习的机会。
(3)有些动词后使用动名词和动词不定式作宾语的差别1)forget to do 忘记要去做某事(此事未做)forget doing忘记做过某事(此事已做过或已发生)2)stop to do 停止、中断(某件事),目的是去做另一件事stop doing 停止正在或经常做的事3)remember to do 记住去做某事(未做)remember doing记得做过某事(已做)4) regret to do对要做的事遗憾regret doing对做过的事遗憾、后悔5)try to do努力、企图做某事try doing试验、试一试某种办法6) mean to do打算,有意要…mean doing意味着7)go on to do 继而(去做另外一件事情)go on doing 继续(原先没有做完的事情)8)propose to do 打算(要做某事)proposing doing建议(做某事)9) like /love/hate/ prefer +to do 表示具体行为;+doing sth 表示抽象、倾向概念(注)如果这些动词前有should一词,其后宾语只跟不定式,不能跟动名词。