2011年同等学力人员申请硕士学位英语试卷

Part I Dialogue Communication (10minutes,10points,1 for each)Section A Dialogue CompletionDirections:In this section,you will read 5 short incomplete dialogues between two Speakers,each followed by 4 choices marked A ,B,C,and D,Choose the answer that Best suits the situation to complete the dialogue.Then maik the corresponding letter With a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET. （红色标识的为答案选项）1.A: John, you didn't show up at my birthday party last night.B: ______.A I'm sorry, Jane, but I already sent you a present.B I'm sorry, Jane, but I don't like to be shown.C I'm sorry, Jane, but there was a serious accident on the way.D I'm sorry, Jane, but I don't like shows.2.A: I can't read with only that little lamp on.B: ______.A You shouldn't have read here.B You should have turned that lamp on.C What you need is an extra lamp.D What this room needs is better lighting.3.A: Have you invited Susan to the party?B: ______A Yes, because I know she wants to stay at home.B Not yet, because I know she prefers to stay at home.C No, because I know she likes to join us.D Yes, because I've to think about it carefully.4.A: Could you spare a few hours to help me clean the house?B: ______.A No, the house is clean.B Nobody could help you.C No, you should rely on yourself.D I'm really busy with school these days. How does this Saturday sound?5.A: This vase is 200 years old. Be very careful in carrying it.B: ______.A Take it easy, professor.B Just a piece of cake, professor.C No problem.D You can depend on me, professor; I'll be as careful as I can.Section B Dialogue ComprehensionDirections:In this section, you will read 5 short conversations between a man and aWoman. At the end of each conversation there to the question from the 4 choices marked A,B,C,andD.Choose the best answer to the question from the 4 choicesby marking the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square bracketson your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.6.Woman: Hello? I'd like two seats for this evening's show.Man: Sorry, but the performance is already sold out. Would you be interestedin something later this week?Question: What does the woman imply?A Tickets are available for future performances.B The performance has been canceled.C She wants to see the show tomorrow.D The performance has already started.7.Woman: Look, I don't want to bother you, but the stereo is really loud.Man: I didn't realize you could hear it.Question: What will the man probably do?A Turn up the stereo.B Start talking more quietly.C Listen to the stereo at a lower volume.D Change the channel.8.Woman: Did you see the article in today's paper on the new Italian restaurant?Man: Yes, and I've already made reservations for us this Thursday.Question: What does the man mean?A He's reserved to cook Italian food.B He's planning to go to the restaurant.C He wants to see the woman's restaurant.D He wants to publish an article this Thursday.9.Woman: Can you come over for dinner tonight?Man: I'm up to my ears in work, so I'll have to take a rain check.Question: What does the woman mean?A She wants to check the weather before deciding.B She has a problem with her hearing.C She'd enjoy coming to dinner another time.D She wants the man to help her with some work.10.Woman: Are you coming with us to the supermarket this afternoon?Man: I promised Lucy that I'd help her with her painting project, and I'm really looking forward to it.Question: What does the woman mean?A She doesn't need anything at the supermarket.B She won't be joining the man.C She and Lucy are learning how to paint.D She'd rather go to the supermarket than help Lucy.PartII Vocabulary (20 minutes,10 points,0.5 for each)Section ADirections:In this section there are 10 sentences,each with one word or phrase underlined.Choose the one from the 4 choices marked A,B,C and D that best keeps the meaning of the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.11.I would like your authorization to trim the part of the tree that hangs into my yard.A sanctionB encouragementC approvalD attention12.Meteorologists are at odds over the workings of tornadoes.A mystifiedB in disagreementC up in armsD in disarray13.Dating from around A. D. 1000,the largest mound surviving from the Mississippian culturewas one hundred feet high and had a base of nearly fifteen acres.A civilizationB formationC sectD edifice14.Formulated in 1823 ,the Monroe Doctrine asserted that, he Americas were no longer open to European colonization.A emphatically statedB belligerently arguedC accentuatedD entreated15.In ancient times the custom of shaking hands served to transfer power or authority.A practiceB folkloreC cultureD doctrine16.A briefcase full of counterfeit money was found on the counter.A forgedB currencyC substitutedD cash17.They believe that the merchants had conspired to undermine the nation's economic independence.A upholdB minimizeC weakenD postpone18.There is a controversy even among doctors as to whether this disease is contagious or not.A incisiveB infertileC allergicD communicable19.They make better use of the time they have, and they are less likely to succumb to fatigue in stressful jobs.A sustainB yieldC endureD expose20.Phosphorus is used in paints for highway signs and marks because it is bright at night.A luminousB harmlessC adequateD attractiveSection BDirections:In this section there are 10 sentences.For each aentence there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D.Choose the one that best completes the sentence.Then mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your maching-scoring ANSWER SHEET.21.She should ______ those present at the meeting to arrive at a clear-cut decision.A count upB count againstC count onD count out22.He can't run a hundred yards, ______ a mile.A less thanB still lessC no lessD less even23.A severe flood struck the city and there was a ______ shortage of food.A frequentB consequentC consecutiveD consequential24.We were ______ for an hour in the traffic and so we arrived late.A kept offB held upC put backD broken down25.______ your work in case you've made any mistakes.A Take care ofB EnsureC Look out forD Check26.To celebrate the national day, there was a ______fireworks display.A specificB spectacularC speculativeD specialistic27.The law applies to everyone ______ of race, religion or color.A irrelevantB irrespectiveC irresponsibleD irrevocable28.After a prolonged siege, the town was rendered up to the ______.A agitatorsB instigatorsC insurgentsD delinquents29.The aurora is one of nature's most ______ spectacles.A troublesomeB tiresomeC awesomeD wearisome30.His father tried to ______ him to a sense of duty.A awaitB awardC awakeD wakePart III Reading Comprehension(45 minutes,30points,1for each)Directions:There are 5 passages in this part .Each passage is followed by6 questions or unfinished statements.For each of them there are 4 choices marked A,B,C and D. Choose the best one and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Passage OneEthiopians appear to have evolved a unique way of coping with thin mountain air. But how they do it remains a mystery.One way for the body to get enough oxygen to its tissues when breathing oxygen-poor air is for it to make more red blood cells. This increases the amount of hemoglobin(血红蛋白), the protein that carries oxygen. Although less haemoglobin in the arteries is saturated with oxygen at high altitudes, having more of it makes up for the shortfall.People native to the high Andes are known to have more red blood cells than lowlanders, and athletes who train at altitude can increase their concentration of cells.But while many Tibetans also live at high altitudes, they do not have significantly elevated levels of haemoglobin. Instead they seem to boost the amount of nitric oxide, which dilates(使膨胀) blood vessels and increases blood flow.Now Cynthia Beall, an anthropologist from Case Western Reserve University in Cleveland, Ohio, has found a third kind of adaptation. When she tested the blood of 236 people in the Ambaras region in the Semien Mountains of Ethiopia, she found that 95 percent of the haemoglobin in their arteries is saturated with oxygen, almost as much as that of people living at low altitudes and roughly 5 per cent above that of residents in the Andes or Tibet."That shouldn't be, "says Beall. They must have a massively efficient way to get oxygen from the lungs to the blood, she says. But just what remains mysterious. They do not have higher concentrations of haemoglobin than anyoneelse, nor do they have a different kind of haemoglobin.Beall adds that this ability might be found in all people living in that part of the world, and not just those in the study. It might be why so many world-class endurance athletes are Ethiopian. "The next study needs to look at that,"she says.31.From the passage we learn that haemoglobin is a kind of ______.A oxygenB blood cellC proteinD artery32.Why do athletes often go to high altitudes to train?A Because they want to increase the amount of haemoglobin in their bodies.B Because it may help reduce the amount of red blood cells in their bodies.C Because they intend to learn more from the mountain dwellers.D Because it can help them to adapt themselves to the high altitude.33.From the passage we can infer that the faster our blood flows, ______.A the stronger we becomeB the weaker we becomeC the less nitric oxide we haveD the lower levels of haemoglobin we have34.According to Cynthia Beall, the haemoglobin in the arteries of the Ethiopians ______.A is saturated with more oxygen than lowlandersB is saturated with as much oxygen as the TibetansC is more efficient than residents in the Andes and TibetD runs faster than people in any other region of the world35.Cynthia Beall is going to do more research on ______.A why Ethiopians have more haemoglobinB why so many world-class endurance athletes are EthiopiansC whether the Ethiopians have different kind of haemoglobinD whether the Ethiopians have higher concentration of haemoglobin36.The best title of this passage can be: ______.A Ethiopians and HemoglobinB Ethiopians and the World-class AthletesC An Anthropological Study on EthiopiansD A Myth. Hemoglobin and the World-class Athletes among the EthiopiansPassage TwoThere is no question that the old style of air pollution could kill people. In one week following the infamous "peasouper" fog in December 1952,4,700 people died in London. Most of these people were elderly and already had heart or lung diseases. A series of these killer fogs eventually led to the British Parliament passing the Clean Air Act which restricted the burning of coal.Fortunately the effect of smog on the lungs is not so dramatic. Scientists have now conducted a number of laboratory experiments in which volunteers are exposed to ozone inside a steel chamber for a few hours. Even at quite low concentrations there is a reversible fall in lung function, an increase in the irritability of the lungs and evidence of airway inflammation. Although irritable and inflamed lungs are particularly seen in people with asthma (哮喘) and other lung diseases, these effects of ozone also occur in healthy subjects. Similar changes are also seen after exposure to nitrogen dioxide, although there is some disagreement about the concentration at which they occur.Other studies have found that people living in areas with high levels of pollution have more symptoms and worse lung function than those living in areas with clean air. Groups of children attending school camps show falls in lung function even at quite low concentrations of ozone. There is also a relationship between ozone levels and hospital admissions for asthma, both in North America and Australia. It is suspected that long-term exposure to smog may result in chronic bronchitis (支气管炎) and emphysema (肺气肿), but this has yet to be proven.Recently an association has been found between the levels of particles in the air and death rates in North American cities. The reason for this association is not understood and as yet there is no evidence this occurs in Australia. However, we do know that hazy days are associated with more asthma attacks in children.37.Which of the following is NOT the result of laboratory experience?A Low concentrations.B Fall in lung function.C Irritability of the lungs.D Airway inflammation.38.Irritable and inflamed lungs are also seen in people with______.A asthmaB lung diseasesC good healthD weak health39.Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a possible cause of lung diseases?A The burning of coalB Long-term exposure to smogC Exposure to nitrogen dioxideD Attending school camps40.The relationship between exposure to ______has not yet been determined.A ozone and fall in lung functionB ozone and lung diseases such as asthmaC nitrogen dioxide and worse lung functionD smog and chronic bronchitis and emphysema41.The association between ______has not yet been found in Australia.A ozone levels and hospital admissions for asthmaB hazy days and more asthma attacks in childrenC the levels of particles in the air and death ratesD high levels of pollution and more symptoms42.In the last sentence of the third paragraph, the word "suspected" can be best replaced by______.A doubtfulB supposedC suspiciousD saidPassage ThreeIs nothing sacred? Even the idle weekend pastime of skimming stones on a lake has been taken apart and reduced to a mathematical formula.Everyone knows a stone bounces best on water if it's round and flat, and spun towards the water as fast as possible. Some enthusiasts even travel to international stone-skimming competitions, like world champion Jerdone Coleman-McGhee, who made a stone bounce 38 times on Blanco River, Texas, in 1992. Intuitively,a flat stone works best because a relatively large part of its surface strikes the water, so there's more bounce. Inspired by his eight-year-old son, physicist Lyderic Bocquet of Lyon University in France wanted to find out more. So he tinkered with some simple equations describing a stone bouncing on water in terms of its radius(半径) ,speed and spin, and taking account of gravity and the water's drag.The equations showed that the faster a spinning stone is travelling, the more times it will bounce. So no surprise there. To bounce at least once without sinking, Bocquet found the stone needs to be travelling at a minimum speed of about 1 kilometre per hour.And the equations also backed his hunch(直觉) that spin is important because it keeps the stone fairly flat from one bounce to the next. The spin has a gyroscopic(陀螺的) effect, preventing the stone from tipping and falling sideways into the water.To match the world record of 38 bounces using a 10-centimetre-wide stone, Bocquet predicts it would have to be travelling at about 40 kilometres per hour and spinning at 14 revolutions a second. He adds that drilling lots of small pits in the stone would probably help, by reducing water drag in the same way that dim pies on a golf ball reduce air drag. "Although I suppose that would be cheating," says Bocquet.He and his team at Lyon hope to design a motorized "catapult" that can throw stones onto a lake with a precise speed and spin, to test if the predictions stand up.Bocquet adds that he's probably just rediscovering a piece of history. British engineer Barnes Wallis must have done the same sort of maths and experiments when he was designing his famous bouncing bombs for the Dambusters squadron(中队) during the Second World War.43.Which of the following could be the best title for this passage?A International stone-skimming competitions.B How to make stone-skimming more enjoyable.C Stone-skimming is a sacred thing.D The mathematical formula for stone-skimming.44.In order to make a stone bounce best on water, one needs to ______.A find a big, round stoneB reduce the spin of the stoneC make the stone spin as fast as possibleD do some complicated mathematical equations45.According to Lyderic Bocquet, which of the following is NOT mentioned asa factor influencing the bounces of a stone on water?A The clearness of the water.B The gravity of the Earth.C The shape of the stone.D The speed and spin.46.Which of the following is not the reason why Lyderic Bocquet suppose that spin is important?A Because it keeps the stone fairly flat from one bounce to the next.B Because the spin can create a gyroscopic effect.C Because the gyroscope can prevent the stone from tipping and falling sideways into the water.D Because the spin can reduce the water drag.47.Lyderic Bocquet drilled lots of small pits in the stone in order to ______.A make it look smarterB reduce the water dragC increase the revolution of the stoneD make the game more like golf48.Lyderic and his team hope to design a motorized catapult because ______.A they want to make the experiment to be more sacredB British engineer Barnes Wallis did his experiment this wayC human beings cannot ensure the speed and spin neededD they wanted to rediscover a piece of historyPassage FourHave you ever felt your life go into slow motion as you realize something bad is happening? You might have just knocked over a wine glass or noticed a car hurtling towards you, for example. Now scientists have measured exactly how much these attention-grabbing(引人注意的)events slow down our perception of the world around us.Another example of the world appearing to slow down is when you are hanging on the phone waiting for someone to pick up at the other end. If your attention wanders while you're waiting, then suddenly switches back,you will probably hear what seems like a longer than usual silence before hearing the dialling tone again. For you, time will have momentarily slowed.To see how our perception of time changes when something new happens, Vincent Walsh and his colleagues put headphones on volunteers and played eight beeps to their right ears. The gap between each beep was exactly i second, except for the gap between the fourth and fifth beeps, which the scientists could make shorter or longer. They altered the length of this gap until the volunteers estimated it was the same length as the other gaps. The researchers found that, on average, people judge a second slightly short, at 955 milliseconds.In the second part of the experiment, the first four beeps were played to the subjects' right ear, but the other four were then played to their left. Again, the volunteers were asked to estimate when the gap between the fourth and fifth beeps was the same as the others. This time they judged a second to be even shorter at 825 milliseconds long.Perceiving a second to be much shorter than it is makes you feel as though the world has gone into slow motion, since less happens in that slice of time. Walsh thinks the effect could have evolved to give us a fraction more time to react to potentially threatening events.Last year, Kielan Yarrow, a British psychologist found a similar effect with vision. When you glance at a clock, the first second will seem longer than it really is.Yarrow's results showed that time appeared to slow down by a similar amount as Walsh found. Previous studies have shown that cooling the body slows down our perception of time while warming it up has the opposite effect.49.After you noticed a car hurtling towards you, you might feel that ______.A the world around you had slowed downB something bad was going to happenC life had suddenly become meaninglessD people's life was so fragile50.According to the passage, hanging on the phone waiting for someone to pick up at the other end, you might ______.A have a high concentration of mindB feel very annoyed at the people on the other endC feel time is somehow slowed downD be unable to hear the dialing tone51.Vincent Walsh and his colleagues did the experiment in order to ______.A see which ear is more sensitive to beepsB find out the relationship between time and lifeC study how time changes at the 4th and 5th beepsD observe how people's perception of time changes52.What have Vincent and his colleagues found through the experiment?A The left ear of people is more sensitive than the right one.B People judge a second to be slightly shorter than it really is.C Research subjects are less accurate than researchers in judging a second.D Normally a second is in fact either 955 milliseconds or 825 milliseconds.53.From the passage we can infer that when we are hot, we'll feel time ______.A runs fasterB stops all togetherC runs slowerD reverses its direction54.Which is the best title for the passage?A How People Find Out the Secret of the TimeB How People Percept the World around us at some momentC Which Ear is BetterD The Relationship between Temperature and PerceptionPassage FiveA nocturnal(夜间活动的)moth has become the first animal known to see colours in the dead of night. The moth uses this visual talent to find yellow, nectar-packed flowers in the dark, but the finding suggests that other, species also use colour vision at night.Nocturnal moths were thought to find flowers by looking for bright petalsagainst a darker, leafy background. This difference in brightness explains why a yellow flower stands out from green leaves on a black and white photo.To test this idea, researchers at Lund University in Sweden trained nocturnal elephant hawkmoths(豆天蛾)to pick out yellow or blue artificial flowers from eight other flowers of varying shades of grey. They then made moths perform the trick in conditions as dark as a starry but moonless night.The researchers expected the moths to do badly, but to their surprise the insects picked the correct flower 90 per cent of the time. But the moths could not distinguish between lighter and darker shades of a coloured flower, even though they could still tell both from grey. "This tells us it's not a brightness-related cue,” says Almut Kelber, the sensory biologist leading the Lund team. "They could only have used the spectral(光谱的)composition of the signals—which we call colour."The moths use three separate colour receptors: blue, green and ultraviolet. At night, that leaves so little light per receptor that the insects should be almost blind. But hawkmoths have a host of adaptations to compensate. One is a mirror-like structure at the base of the eye, which reflects the light across the photoreceptors for a second time. The structure of the compound eye also allows each facet to supplement the light that strikes it with light from as many as 600 others.Kelber suspects that many other insects, and some higher animals, also use colour vision at night. She plans to look for the ability in nocturnal frogs and toads that use colour to choose their mate. "Why not? she asks. "At night there are just as many colours as during the day."55.Which of the following might be the most appropriate title for this passage?A How animals see things at night.B Moth—the only creature to see things at night.C Moths use color to see flowers at night.D How many colors can moths see at night.56.Why does yellow flower stand out from green leaves on a black and white photo?A Because it is brighter.B Because it receives more focus.C Because it is more beautiful.D Because it has petals.57.Which of the following did the researchers find according to paragraph 4?A Moths could only pick out real flowers, not the artificial ones.B Moths picked out the correct flowers by their brightness.C Moths couldn't tell the difference between blue flowers and gray flowers.D Moths picked out the correct flowers by their color.58.Which of the following insect is different from others at night?A frogB toadC hawkmothD bee59.According to the passage, which of the following statements is true?A Moths are blind insects at daytime.B Moths use their color receptors only at night.C Moths have special structure at the base of the eye.D Moths can see color only at night.60.Kelber believes that nocturnal frogs and toads ______.A belong to higher animalsB use color to attract matesC are of many different colorsD are unable to see color at nightPart IV Cloze(15 minutes,15 points,1 for each)Directions:In this part,there is a passage with 15 blanks.For each blank there are 4 choices marked A,B,C,and D.Choose the best answer for each blank and mark the corresponding letter with a single bar across the square brackets on your machine-scoring ANSWER SHEET.Inflation is a period of rapid rises in prices. When your money buys fewer goods so that you get (61) for the same amount of money as before, inflation is the problem. Sometimes people describe inflation as a time when "a dollar is not (62) a dollar anymore".Inflation is a problem for all consumers, especially people who live on a fixed income. Retired people, for instance, cannot (63) on an increase in income as prices rise. They face serious problems in stretching their incomes to (64) their needs in time of inflation. Many retired people must cut their spending to (65) rising prices. In many cases they must stop (66) some necessary items, such as food and clothing. Even (67) working people whose incomes are going up, inflation can also be a problem. The (68) of living goes up, and they must have even more money to maintain their standard of living. When incomes do not keep (69) with rising prices, living standard goes down. People may be earning the same amount of money, but they are not living (70) because they are not able to buy as many goods and services.Government units gather information about prices in our economy and publish it as price indexes from (71) the rate of price change can be determined. A price index measures changes in prices using the price for a (72) year as the base. The base price is set (73) 100, and the other prices are reported as a (74) of the base price. A price index makes (75) possible to compare current price with that in previous years.percentage cost given as wellcount buying at lessworth to keep up with pacewhich it meet61. less62. worth63. count64. meet65. keep up with66. buying67. to68. cost69. pace70. as well71. which72. given73. at74. percentage75. itPaper TwoPart Ⅰ TranslationSection ATranslate the following passage into Chinese．76.Cancer has emerged as a major killer in several newly industrialized countries and is striking more people in areas of developing world where it was hardly known before, the World Health Organization (WHO) said. Although the risk of cancer will stabilize, if not decline, in industrialized countries by 2025, developing countries will suffer increasing rates of the disease, the WHO said in an extensive report on the world's state of health. Cancer caused 12 percent of the 52 million deaths worldwide in 1997 and was the third leading killer after infectious and parasitic diseases and coronary and heart disease.据世界卫生组织报道，癌症已成为新兴工业化国家居民的主要杀手。