化学专业英语翻译1

01.THE ELEMENTS AND THE PERIODIC TABLE 01元素和元素周期

表。

The number of protons in the nucleus of an atom is referred to as the atomic number, or proton number, Z. The number of electrons in an electrically neutral atom is also equal to the atomic number, Z. The total mass of an atom is determined very nearly by the total number of protons and neutrons in its nucleus. This total is called the mass number, A. The number of neutrons in an atom, the neutron number, is given by the quantity A-Z.

原子核中的质子数的原子称为原子序数，或质子数，卓电子数的电中性的原子也等于原子序数Z，总质量的原子是非常接近的总数量的质子和中子在原子核。这被称为质量数，这个数的原子中的中子，中子数，给出了所有的数量

The term element refers to, a pure substance with atoms all of a single kind. To the chemist the "kind" of atom is specified by its atomic number, since this is the property that determines its chemical behavior. At present all the atoms from Z = 1 to Z = 107 are known; there are 107 chemical elements. Each chemical element has been given a name and a distinctive symbol. For most elements the symbol is simply the abbreviated form of

the English name consisting of one or two letters, for example:

术语元素是指，一个纯粹的物质与一个单一的一种原子。到药店“种”的原子是由它的原子序数，因为它的属性决定了其化学行为。

目前所有的原子从2 =1=107是已知有107种化学元素。每一种化学

元素被给予了一个名字和一个独特的符号。对大多数元素符号的简单

的缩写形式的英语名字组成一个或2个字母，例如：

oxygen==O nitrogen == N neon==Ne magnesium == Mg

Some elements,which have been known for a long time,have symbols based on their Latin names, for example:

一些元素，已经知道了很长时间，有符号的基础上他们的拉丁名称，

例如：

iron==Fe(ferrum) copper==Cu(cuprum) lead==Pb(plumbum)

A complete listing of the elements may be found in Table 1.

一个完整的列表的元素可以被发现在表1。

Beginning in the late seventeenth century with the work of Robert Boyle, who proposed the presently accepted concept of

an element, numerous investigations produced a considerable knowledge of the properties of elements and their compounds1.

In 1869, and L. Meyer, working independently, proposed the

periodic law. In modern form, the law states that the properties of the elements are periodic functions of their atomic numbers. In other words, when the elements are listed in order of increasing atomic number, elements having closely similar properties will fall at definite intervals along the list. Thus it is possible to arrange the list of elements in tabular form with elements having similar properties placed in vertical columns2. Such an arrangement is called a periodic

从第十七世纪后期的工作，罗伯特波义耳，谁提出了目前公认的概念的一种元素，许多调查产生了相当的知识性质的元素和图4。1869，门捷列夫和梅尔，独立工作，提出了周期律。在现代形式，法律规定，元素的性质是周期函数，其原子序数。换句话说，当元素被列为原子量，元素具有相似性质会在一定的间隔沿着列表。因此，这是可以安排的元素列表以表格的形式元素具有类似的属性放置在垂直columns2。这样的安排被称为周期

Each horizontal row of elements constitutes a period. It should be noted that the lengths of the periods vary. There is a very short period containing only 2 elements, followed by two short periods of 8 elements each, and then two long periods of 18 elements each. The next period includes 32 elements, and the last period is apparently incomplete. With this arrangement, elements in the same vertical column have