APS审核课程准备——精益生产

精益生产Lean ProductionThe first chapter is the basic introduction of lean production and lean thinking. Lean production is a production mode summarized by Japanese and American scientists based on quantity of researches, which is called Toyota production mode in Japan.第一章是对精益生产和精益思想的基本介绍。

精益生产是日美科学家在大量研究的基础上总结出来的一种生产方式，在日本被称为丰田生产方式。

Lean production is a systematic approach to identify and eliminate waste or non-value-added operations in all products and services through continuous improvement measures. The basic goal of lean production is to maximize profits.精益生产是一种通过持续改进措施识别和消除所有产品和服务中的浪费或非增值操作的系统方法。

精益生产的基本目标是利润最大化。

第二章讲述了精益生产中最想要消除的东西——浪费。

一切不增加价值的活动都是浪费。

如搬运、等待、检验。

有的时候尽管是增加价值的活动，但所用资源超过了“绝对最少”的界限，也是浪费。

如过量使用人力，过量使用材料。

浪费包括了制造过剩（意味着会有很多库存）、库存（造成了资金的大量积压）、搬运（耗费人力、时间，占用搬运设备和工具，可能造成物料的损坏）、加工（多余的流程或加工）、不合理动作、等待、不良品。

The second chapter describes the problem that most wanted to eliminate in lean production, that is waste. All activities that do not add value are waste. Such as handling, waiting and inspection. Sometimes, although it is a value-added activity, the resources used exceed the minimum limit, which is also a waste. Such as excessive use of manpower and excessive use of materials. Waste includes overproduction(means there will be a lot of inventory), inventory(resulting in a large backlog of funds), handling(a waste of labor, time and handling equipment , at the same time may cause material damage), processing(useless process or processing), unreasonable actions, waiting and non-conformity product.第三章讲述了准时化生产，就是在必需的时刻按照必需的数量生产必需的产品，满足顾客的需求，同时使得企业成本最低。

准时化生产的目标是适时适量生产，缩短产品周期，搬运距离最短，小批量多频次。

为了实现准时化生产，需要采用拉动式的生产模式，杜绝一切形式的浪费，协调好员工之间的关系。

The third chapter describes just in time production, which is to produce the necessary products according to the necessary quantity at the necessary time, to meet the needs of customers, and at the same time to minimize the cost of enterprises. The goal of just in time production is to shorten the product cycle, produce in proper time, minimize the handling distance, and produce small amount of products once a time while repeat those steps more times.In order to achieve just in time production, we need to adopt pull production mode, put an end to all forms of waste, and coordinate the relationship between employees.拉动式生产就是以生产工序的最后组装线为起点，后一道工序的人员按照必需的数量，在必要的时刻，去前一道工序领取所必需的零部件，而前一道工序只生产被领取数量的零部件。

Pull production starts from the final step of the production line, and the worker of the latter process go to the previous process to get the necessary parts according to the necessary quantityand at the necessary time, while the worker of the previous process only produces the parts needed by the worker of the latter process.第四章介绍了实行精益生产的必备工具，看板。

看版是传递信号控制生产的工具，可以是表示信息的任何形式。

如卡片、彩色乒乓球、信号灯等。

看版用以保证达到准时化生产的目的。

The fourth chapter introduces the necessary tools of lean production, Kanban. Kanban is a tool for transmitting signals to control production. It can be any form of information. Such as cards, color table tennis, signal lights, etc. Kanban is used to ensure the on-time production.为了实现看板管理，需要前一个工序和下一工序密切沟通，使得搬运批量最小，控制物料的波动。

同时物料的领取数量不能波动太大，前一工序应该能够稳定不间断地供给所需的物料。

In order to achieve Kanban management, the previous process and the next process need to be closely communicated to minimize the handling batch and control the fluctuation of materials.At the same time, the receiving quantity of materials should not fluctuate too much, and the previous process should be able to supply the required materials stably and uninterruptedly.最有趣的是我们做了纸飞机的生产实验，通过模拟纸飞机的生产过程，按照飞机的组装顺序形成了生产流水线，采用拉动式的生产，看板管理的方式，同时我们设计出了加快进程的小道具，辅佐生产快速进行。

通过纸飞机实验，我们将学习的理论知识进行了实践操作。

The most interesting thing is that we did an experiment of paper airplane making. We built a production line.By simulating the production process of paper airplane, we formed the production line according to the assembly sequence of the airplane and adopted the pull production and Kanban management methods. At the same time, we designed some small props to speed up the process and assisted the production to go on quickly. Through the paper airplane experiment, we can know the theory we learned better.相关名词：精益生产要求：充分发挥人的主观能动性，通过持续改进，采用自动化和准时化的方法，消除制造中的各种浪费，降低成本，实现利润最大化。

Lean production requirements:Give full play to people's subjective initiative, eliminate all kinds of waste in manufacturing, reduce costs and maximize profits through continuous improvement by automation and punctuality.全面质量管理：全面质量管理是以质量为中心、以全员参与为基础，使顾客和所有相关方受益而达到长期成功的一种管理途径。