动名词复合结构与独立主格的区别

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英语得四大复合结构

英语得四大复合结构

英语得四大复合结构英语得复合结构由两个部分组成:一个部分表示人或者物,另一个部分表示动作或者状态。

两个部分之间存在逻辑上得主谓关系,就就是第一部分得人或物就是第二部分动作得执行者或承受者,或者,第二部分所表示得状态就就是第一部分所表示得人或物所处得状态。

例如: We think a good knowledge of English as necessary as an excellent ability to municate in the work of a foreign affairs official、(英语必不可少)With stepping stones along the road, you don’t have to walk in the mud、(沿路得就是石头) 1.动词不定式得复合机构:for sb to do sthPlease find some work for the children to do、(孩子们做工作)The book is too difficult for me to read, (我读不懂)2.动名词得复合结构:sb’s / sb doing sth动名词得复合结构有四种形式:①形容词性物主代词+动名词Do you mind my leaving now?I had not heart of your being ill、形容词性物主代词:指得就是可以修饰名词得物主代词:your my her his its their补充:名词性物主代词:指得就是充当名词成分得物主代词如mine yours hers his its theirs②名词’s +动名词Jack’s not getting to the station on time made all of us angryDo you mind Jack’s leaving now?I insisted Mary’s going there、③代词+动名词Do you mind me leaving now?In fact, I think it’s very much nicer without him, if you don’t mind me saying so④名词+动名词Do you mind Jack leaving now?动名词得复合结构可在句中作主语、宾语。

动名词复合结构VS分词独立主格结构

动名词复合结构VS分词独立主格结构

1. 名词(代词) + 现在分词: The clock striking twelve, I went to bed.
2. 名词(代词) + 过去分词: Enough time given, she will do the job better.
3. 名词(代词) + 不定式: Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to
b 作宾语时,可以用: 名词/人称代词宾格+动名词
也可以用:名词所有格/物主代词+动名词 如:
1. I don't mind Mary being late here.
2. In fact, I think it’s very much nicer without him, if you don’t mind me saying so.
动名词的复合结构 VS
独立主格结构
一. 动名词的复合结构
动名词的复合结构在句中主要用作主语和宾 语
动名词的形式: a. 作主语时,用名词所有格/物主代词+动名词,
如:
1. Mary's being late for class made her
teacher very angry. 2. Her coming to help encouraged all of us.
独立主格结构
7. Have you heard of my sister’s winning the contest?
动名词复合结构
8. He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.

英语中的几个复合结构

英语中的几个复合结构

英语中的几个复合结构武功县观音堂中学高增敏1. 独立主格结构一、概念:“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。

这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常称为“独立主格结构”。

二、功能:“独立主格结构”实质就是带有自己主语的非限定状语从句。

众所周知非限定性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语,从而依附于主句。

而有些非限定性从句和无动词从句带有自己的主语,在结构上与主句不发生关系,因此成为独立主格结构。

其实,虽然叫做独立主格结构,并不是真正的独立,它还是一种从属分句,在句中有多种作用。

如:表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等,在句中通常起状语作用。

三、形式:独立主格结构在形式上有两部分组成:第一部分有名词或代词担任,第二部分由分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、或介词短语担任。

按其结构形式分为:—ing 分词独立主格结构;—ed分词独立主格结构;无动词独立主格结构等。

四、举例:1、There being nothing else to do, they gone away.由于无事可做,他们离开了。

(代词+-ing; 表原因)2、Miss Wang come into the classroom, books in hand.王老师走进教室,手里拿着书。

(无动词结构;表伴随)3、The old man sat in his chair, his eyes closed.老人坐在椅子上,闭着眼睛。

(名词+-ed; 表状态)4、Class over, we began to play basketball.放学了,我们开始玩篮球。

(名词+副词;表时间)5、Without a word more spoken, he picked up the paper.没再多说一个字,他拾起那张纸。

(介词结构;表伴随)6、The last guest to arrive, our party was started.最后一位客人到了,我们的晚会开始了。

独立主格用法详解

独立主格用法详解

独立主格用法详解一、独立主格结构的特点独立主格结构是一个名词或代词(作为逻辑主语),加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。

它有以下三个特点:(1) 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。

(2) 名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。

(3) 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开,但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

二、独立主格结构的形式英语中,独立主格结构的形式是:名词或代词跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起,构成独立主格结构。

1.名词/ 代词+ 不定式。

如:A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子,我们必须节省每一分钱。

Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 现在李蕾来了,魏方明天到。

2.名词/ 代词+ -ing分词。

如:The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready. 汽车很快就要来了,我们应该把一切事情准备好。

Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母亲病了,李蕾非常焦急。

3.名词/ 代词+ 动词的过去分词。

如:His cup broken, he used his bowl instead. 茶杯破了,他就用碗来代替。

4.名词/ 代词+ 形容词。

如:The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面泞泥,我们应该小心。

5.名词/ 代词+ 副词。

如:The class over, we all went out to play. 下课后,我们都出去玩。

6.名词/ 代词+ 介词短语。

如(from ):Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿着眼镜,他问他的眼镜哪去了。

with的复合结构和独立主格的异同

with的复合结构和独立主格的异同

with的复合结构和独立主格的异同with的复合结构和独立主格是英语中两种常见的短语结构,它们都可以用来表示伴随关系。

但是,它们在语法和用法上有着一些明显的异同点。

一、with的复合结构1. 语法结构with的复合结构由with引导,并且包括一个名词短语或代词作为宾语,后面跟着一个动词或动词短语。

例如:- She walked to the park with her dog.- He went to the concert with his girlfriend.2. 用法with的复合结构通常用来表示伴随关系,即两个行为同时发生或在同一时间内进行。

它还可以表示附加信息或补充说明。

例如:- With a smile on her face, she greeted me warmly.- He left the party early with a headache.二、独立主格1. 语法结构独立主格是指一个名词短语或代词加上一个动名词,它们之间没有任何连接词。

例如:- The sun having set, we made our way back home.- Me being sick, I couldn't go to work today.2. 用法独立主格也表示伴随关系,但它更侧重于描述先决条件或原因。

通常情况下,独立主格放在句子的开头,用逗号与主句分开。

例如:- The weather being nice, we decided to have a picnic.- Her parents having died, she was left alone in the world.三、异同点1. 语法结构with的复合结构和独立主格在语法结构上有很大的差别。

前者是一个介词短语加上一个宾语和动词,后者则是一个名词短语或代词加上一个动名词。

2. 用法虽然两种结构都可以表示伴随关系,但是它们在用法上有一些不同。

动名词复合结构与独立主格结构

动名词复合结构与独立主格结构

动名词复合结构与独立主格结构崔长平河南遂平一高(463100)①动名词复合结构的一般构成:1)名词的所有格形式+动名词(或动名词短语)2)形容词性的物主代词+动名词(或动名词短语)如不置于句首时,可以使用:名词+动名词(或动名词短语)或者宾格代词+动名词(或动名词短语)动名词复合结构主要在句中做主语、宾语或表语等。

它能够侧重说明动名词所表示的动作的执行者。

Would you mind my/me closing the window? (比较:Would you mind closing the window?) Bob′s being absent made his teacher very angry.No one will dream of there being such a famous place in the world.Her having lost the keys made Mary very disappointed.②独立主格结构具体构成形式如下:⑴名词或主格代词+现在分词(或现在分词短语)等的变化,要结合具体句意,使用不同的形式。

)e.g. Spring coming on,the trees turned green. It being Sunday,the library was closed.There being no buses,we had to walk home.(there being 是there be 句型的独立主格结构。

) Our work (having been) finished,we went home hurriedly.The key (having been )lost,she could not enter the room.Weather permitting,we will go picnicking by the waterfall.It being fine,we will go climbing in the afternoon.Time permitting,we will go for an outing.⑵名词或主格代词+过去分词(或过去分词短语)(独立主格结构中呈现逻辑上的被动的主谓关系。

英语复合结构

英语复合结构

一、英语复合结构1、概述英语复合结构是一种特殊的句子成分,它由两部分组成:第一部分是名词或代词,第二部分表示动作或者状态。

从逻辑上看,两个部分之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,很像句子的主语和谓语,但从结构上看却与句子中的主谓关系不同,区别在于复合结构的第二部分不是谓语形式,而是由动词的非谓语形式及其他词类或介词短语、从句组成的短语。

英语复合结构包括:动名词复合结构、分词复合结构和不定式复合结构。

2、动名词复合结构(1) 结构形式:①形容词性物主代词+动名词;②名词's+动名词;③代词宾格+动名词;④名词+动名词。

(2) 功能★作主语His/He coming home late worries his other.John s /John coming here will get us out of trouble.约翰的到来将会使我们脱离困境。

★作动词或短语动词的宾语I don’t remember him/his giving me that book.Her parents insisted on her studying medicine. 她父母坚持要她学医。

★作介词宾语I don’t like the idea of our living here. 我不愿意我们住在这里。

I knew nothing about the window being open.我一点也不知道窗户敞开着。

He left the city without our knowing it 他离开城市我们大家都不知道。

.★作表语What is most important is Tom’s going there at once.The main trouble is their not having enough money.His being late again made the teacher angry. (他迟到)Would you mind my / me smoking here? (我抽烟)动名词复合结构不在句首时可以用“宾格加动名词”。

英语复合结构

英语复合结构

一、英语复合结构1、概述??英语复合结构是一种特殊的句子成分,它由两部分组成:第一部分是名词或代词,第二部分表示动作或者状态。

从逻辑上看,两个部分之间存在逻辑上的主谓关系,很像句子的主语和谓语,但从结构上看却与句子中的主谓关系不同,区别在于复合结构的第二部分不是谓语形式,而是由动词的非谓语形式及其他词类或介词短语、从句组成的短语。

英语复合结构包括:动名词复合结构、分词复合结构和不定式复合结构。

2、动名词复合结构(1)?结构形式:①形容词性物主代词+动名词;②名词's+动名词;③代词宾格+动名词;④名词+动名词。

? (2)?功能★?作主语? ?His/He coming home late worries his other.? ?John s /John coming here will get us out of trouble.约翰的到来将会使我们脱离困境。

★?作动词或短语动词的宾语? ? I don’t remember him/his giving me that book.??? ? Her parents insisted on her studying medicine.?她父母坚持要她学医。

★?作介词宾语?? I don’t like the idea of our living here.?我不愿意我们住在这里。

? ?I knew nothing about the window being open.我一点也不知道窗户敞开着。

? ?He left the city without our knowing it?他离开城市我们大家都不知道。

.?★?作表语?? What is most important is Tom’s going there at once.?? The main trouble is their not having enough money.?? ?His being late again made the teacher angry.?(他迟到)?? Would you mind my / me smoking here? (我抽烟)?动名词复合结构不在句首时可以用“宾格加动名词”。

独立主格与with复合结构汇总

独立主格与with复合结构汇总

I. 独立主格结构的基本概念由一个名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上一个分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成,这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常被称为独立主格结构。

独立主格结构是由一个相当于主语的名词或代词加上非谓语动词、形容词(副)词、或介词短语构成的一种独立成分。

该结构不是句子,也不是从句,所以它内部的动词不能考虑其时态、人称和数的变化,它与其主句之间既不能通过并列连词连接也不能有从句引导词引导,常用逗号与其主句隔开。

独立主格结构主要起状语作用,相当于一个状语从句,多用来表示行为、方式、伴随等情况,有时也可用来表示时一、独立主格结构的构成形式1逻辑主语是分词的动作执行者。

如:Time permitting, we can have a walk around the playground after supper.①.______no bus, we had to walk home. A. There being B. Being C. Having been D. There was②._______no bus, we had to walk home. A. As there being B. As there was C. Being D. There was③._______Sunday, the library doesn't open. A. Being B. There being C. It being D. Having been④.______Sunday, the library doesn't open. A. As it being B . Being C. It is D. As it isABCD2该构成形式内部的逻辑主语是分词的动作承受者。

如:The experiment done, the students went on to take notes in the experiment report.①._____, the train started. A. The signal given B. Giving the signal B. The signal being given D. The signal giving②._____, the train started.A. After having given the signalB. After the signal givenC. Giving the signalD. After the signal was given③._________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. Explaining new wordsB. New words explainedC. Being explained new wordsD. Having explained new words④.______________, the text became easier for us to learn.A. When new words were explainedB. Explaining new words B. New words explaining D. Being explained new words ADBA3该结构相当于一个未带动词的“主—系—表”结构。

独立主格用法详解

独立主格用法详解

独立主格用法详解一、独立主格结构的特点独立主格结构是一个名词或代词(作为逻辑主语),加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。

它有以下三个特点:(1) 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同,它独立存在。

(2) 名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。

(3) 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开,但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。

二、独立主格结构的形式英语中,独立主格结构的形式是:名词或代词跟形容词、副词、介词短语、非谓语动词连在一起,构成独立主格结构。

1.名词/ 代词+ 不定式。

如:A house to be built, we must save every cent. 由于要建一座房子,我们必须节省每一分钱。

Now here is Li Lei, Wei Fang to come tomorrow. 现在李蕾来了,魏方明天到。

2.名词/ 代词+ -ing分词。

如:The bus coming here soon, we should get everything ready. 汽车很快就要来了,我们应该把一切事情准备好。

Mother being ill, Li Lei was very worried. 母亲病了,李蕾非常焦急。

3.名词/ 代词+ 动词的过去分词。

如:His cup broken, he used his bowl instead. 茶杯破了,他就用碗来代替。

4.名词/ 代词+ 形容词。

如:The ground muddy, we should be careful. 地面泞泥,我们应该小心。

5.名词/ 代词+ 副词。

如:The class over, we all went out to play. 下课后,我们都出去玩。

6.名词/ 代词+ 介词短语。

如(from ):Glasses in his hand, he asked where his glasses were. 手里拿着眼镜,他问他的眼镜哪去了。

复合结构

复合结构

复合结构一.定义结构二.不定式的复合结构三.动名词的复合结构四.独立主格五.复合宾语with的复合结构【大展身手】动名词复合结构:1.______the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A.The president will attendB.The president to attendC.The president attendedD.The president’s attending2.The discovery of new evidence led to_____.A.the thief having caughtB.catch the thiefC.the thief being caughtD.the thief to be caught3.I can hardly imagine Peter_____across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.sailB.to sailC.sailingD.to have sailed4._____as the most excellent student in her university,as most classmates had expected,made her parents very happy.A.Mary was chosenB.Mary chosenC.Mary being c hosenD.Mary’s being chosen5.I would appreciate____back this afternoon.A.you to callB.you callC.your callingD.you’re calling6.How about the two of us____a walk down the garden?A.to takeB.takeC.takingD.to be takingKeys:1-5 DCCDC 6-10 Bwith复合结构:1.The murder was brought in,with his hands_____behind his back.A.being tiedB.having tiedC.to be tiedD.tied2.With a lot of problems_____,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settledB.settlingC.to settleD. Being settled3.I couldn’t do my homework with all the noise_____.A.goingB.goes onC.went onD. to go onKeys:1-5 DCA复合宾语:1.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_____the next year.A.carry outB.carrying outC.carried outD.to carry out2.The missing boy was last seen_____near the East Lake.A,playing B.play C.played D.to playws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents_____.A.worriedB.to worryC.worryingD.worry4.You should understand the traffic rule by now.You’ve had it____often enough.A.explainingB.to explainC.explainD.explainedKeys:1-5 CAAD独立主格:1.I send you 100 dollars today,the rest_____in a year.A.followsB.followedC.to followD.being followed2.With so many eyes_____on him,he was too nervous to speak.A.to fixB.fixingC.fixedD.being fixed3._____the light off,we could not go on with the work.A.UntilB.AsC.WithD.Because4._____so short a time left before the deadline,I feel it impossible to get the work finished on time.A.WithB.AsC.ForD.SinceKeys:1-5 CBCA。

复合结构

复合结构

复合结构一.定义结构二.不定式的复合结构三.动名词的复合结构四.独立主格五.复合宾语with的复合结构【大展身手】动名词复合结构:1.______the meeting himself gave them a great deal of encouragement.A.The president will attend president to attendpresident attended president’s attending2.The discovery of new evidence led to_____.A.the thief having caught the thief thief being caught thief to be caught3.I can hardly imagine Peter_____across the Atlantic Ocean in five days.A.sail sail have sailed4._____as the most excellent student in her university,as most classmates had expected,made her parents very happy.A.Mary was chosen chosen being chosen ’s being chosen5.I would appreciate____back this afternoon.to call c all calling ’re callingabout the two of us____a walk down the gardentake be takingKeys:1-5 DCCDC 6-10 Bwith复合结构:1.The murder was brought in,with his hands_____behind his back.A.being tied tied be tied2.With a lot of problems_____,the newly-elected president is having a hard time.A.settled settle D. Being settled3.I couldn’t do my homework with all the noise_____.A.going on on D. to go onKeys:1-5 DCA复合宾语:1.The managers discussed the plan that they would like to see_____the next year.A.carry out out out carry out2.The missing boy was last seen_____near the East Lake.A,playing playws that punish parents for their little children’s actions against the laws get parents_____.A.worried worry4.You shoul d understand the traffic rule by ’ve had it____often enough.A.explaining explainKeys:1-5 CAAD独立主格:1.I send you 100 dollars today,the rest_____in a year.A.follows follow followed2.With so many eyes_____on him,he was too nervous to speak.A.to fix fixed3._____the light off,we could not go on with the work.A.Until4._____so short a time left before the deadline,I feel it impossible to get the work finished on time.A.WithKeys:1-5 CBCA。

英语中的几个复合结构

英语中的几个复合结构

英语中的几个复合结构武功县观音堂中学高增敏1. 独立主格结构一、概念:“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语,加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。

这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系,通常称为“独立主格结构”。

二、功能:“独立主格结构”实质就是带有自己主语的非限定状语从句。

众所周知非限定性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语,从而依附于主句。

而有些非限定性从句和无动词从句带有自己的主语,在结构上与主句不发生关系,因此成为独立主格结构。

其实,虽然叫做独立主格结构,并不是真正的独立,它还是一种从属分句,在句中有多种作用。

如:表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随、表时间等,在句中通常起状语作用。

三、形式:独立主格结构在形式上有两部分组成:第一部分有名词或代词担任,第二部分由分词、动词不定式、形容词、副词、或介词短语担任。

按其结构形式分为:—ing 分词独立主格结构;—ed分词独立主格结构;无动词独立主格结构等。

四、举例:1、There being nothing else to do, they gone away.由于无事可做,他们离开了。

(代词+-ing; 表原因)2、Miss Wang e into the classroom, books in hand.王老师走进教室,手里拿着书。

(无动词结构;表伴随)3、The old man sat in his chair, his eyes closed.老人坐在椅子上,闭着眼睛。

(名词+-ed; 表状态)4、Class over, we began to play basketball.放学了,我们开始玩篮球。

(名词+副词;表时间)5、Without a word more spoken, he picked up the paper.没再多说一个字,他拾起那张纸。

(介词结构;表伴随)6、The last guest to arrive, our party was started.最后一位客人到了,我们的晚会开始了。

高中英语语法之使用独立主格结构应注意的几点

高中英语语法之使用独立主格结构应注意的几点

使用独立主格结构应注意的几点1. 独立主格与状语从句的转换当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时,可用独立主格结构取代状语从句,但不再保留连词。

如:After class was over (=Class being over / Class over), the students soon left the classroom.下课后,学生很快离开了教室。

2. 不能省略being (having been)的情形在下列两种情况下,独立主格结构中的being(或having been)不能省略:(1)独立主格结构的逻辑主语是代词时。

如:It being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天,我们去了做礼拜。

(2)在There being+名词的结构中。

如:There being no bus, we had to go ho me on foot.因为没有公共汽车,所以我们不得不步行回家。

3. 通常不用物主代词或冠词在“名词(或代词)+介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中,一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。

如:Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand.史密斯先生走进了课室,手里拿着一本书。

比较with的复合结构:Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand.4. 独立主格结构没有所有格形式The chief-editor arriving, we began the meetin g. 主编来了,我们开始开会。

比较动名词复合结构:The chief-editor’s arriving made us very surprised.5. 独立主格的时态问题独立主格结构作时间或原因状语时,可用完成时,表示该动作发生在谓语之前。

如:The listeners having taken their seats, the concert began.听众坐好后,音乐会开始了。

不定式分词独立主格结构用法之区别

不定式分词独立主格结构用法之区别

不定式、动名词、分词、独立主格结构用法之区别总述:分词短语作定语时,相当一个定语从句;单个现在分词作定语,常前置;单个过去分词常后置,表一次具体动作;而前置表通常状况。

非谓语的否定式是把not置于非谓语动词前。

分词短语作状语时,相当于各种状语从句,即各种状语从句的主语与主句主语相同,去掉连词和从句主语, 把谓语动词改为非谓语形式;当从句主语与主句主语不同时,则主语不能去掉,即变成独立主格结构, 但不能作定语和补语。

不定式表示(过去或将来)具体某一次动作,强调全过程;或表示将要发生的动作。

不定式表示一般状况与动名词用法相同。

不定式还可做目的状语和结果状语。

单个动名词做主语,谓语用单数;做表语时, 表示主语的性质或具体内容。

一、不定式1、to+动原, 叫做不定式,与动名词、分词一起叫做非谓语形式。

其复合结构也一样;作使役、感观V宾补时,不带to;而当这些动词变成被动语态时要加上to。

省to :(1)help sb / sth (to)动原、don’t dare (to)+动原、prefer to +动原+rather than+(to)动原、do sth but / except (to)+动原, (2)what引导主语从句, everything / all / the bes t 所带定语从句关系代词作do的宾语,则作表语的不定式to可省; (3)and并列多个不定式,第一个以后to可省。

※too + adj / adv+ to动原;adj / adv + enough to +动原;manage / fail to do appeal to sb/sth to do approve of sb/sth to do only to do 不表将要做某事arrange for sb/sth to do demand of sb/sth to do 感观动词+sb/sth do○1I saw her walk across the square and go into a lane. ○2Set a thief to catch a thief.→She was seen to walk across the square and go into a lane.○3She is too young to go to school.○4I often heard him sing in the next room. ○5It’s a pleasure to manaage to get here.○6What / All I want to do is (to) help you with your study. ○7He is old enough to join the army.○8Would you be so kind as to help me with my English study? ○9To see is to believe. or Seeing is believing.○10It’s (of) no use regretting / to regret what has been done. ○11It’s worthwhile writing/to write it all out again. ○12To err is human, to forgive is divine.犯错是凡人,宽恕是圣人.○13Simon had no choice but to work hard then.○14Despite a heavy snow, the children are still looking forward to (not cancel) the outdoor activity at the weekend.○15My job is (water)all the flowers in the garden.○16I’m pleased to see you here. ○17The best that you can do is (manage) the stress in the day to minimize its impact on your health.2、(un)important, dangerous, terrible, (un)fit, surprising, (im)possible, easy, hard/ difficult, light / heavy,nice / beautiful, interesting, pleasant, expensive, weak等作表语时,不定式作条件、结果状语,用主动表示被动, 表明说话人对不定式动作看法或建议。

动名词的复合结构VS独立主格结构

动名词的复合结构VS独立主格结构

二. 独立主格结构
当分词短语作状语时,它的逻 辑主语应该是句子的主语。但有时 分词短语带有自己的主语,它们之间 存在着逻辑上的主谓关系,这个逻 辑上的主语一般是由名词担任,放 在分词短语之前,我们称这种结构 为独立主格结构。
a) 独立主格结构的功能
独立主格结构是用于修饰整个句子, 在句中作状语,常常表示 “时间、条 件、原因、伴随” 等含义。其位置也 较灵活,可以位于句首,也可以位于 句末。
7. Have you heard of my sister’s winning
the contest?
8. He was listening attentively in class, his
eyes fixed on the blackboard.
动名词的复合结构 VSபைடு நூலகம்独立主格结构
一. 动名词的复合结构

动名词的复合结构在句中主要用作主语和宾 语 动名词的形式: 如:
1. Mary's being late for class made her
teacher very angry.
2. Her coming to help encouraged all of us.
b) 独立主格结构的形式:
1. 名词(代词) + 现在分词; 2. 名词(代词) + 过去分词;
3. 名词(代词) + 不定式;
4. 名词(代词) + 形容词短语; 5. 名词(代词) + 介词短语; 6. 名词(代词) + 副词短语; 7. 名词(代词) + 名词短语.
1. 名词(代词) + 现在分词: The clock striking twelve, I went to bed. 2. 名词(代词) + 过去分词: Enough time given, she will do the job better. 3. 名词(代词) + 不定式: Here are the first three volumes, the fourth one to come out next month. 4. 名词(代词) + 形容词短语: I saw a deep pond, the water blue like the sky. 5. 名词(代词) + 介词短语: Child in arms, the woman stood there chatting. 6. 名词(代词) + 副词短语: Summer over, the students returned to school. 7. 名词(代词) + 名词短语: His first shot a failure, Tom fired again.

动名词的复合结构【附带普通格和所有格】

动名词的复合结构【附带普通格和所有格】

动名词的复合结构【附带普通格和所有格】⼀、含义当动名词的逻辑主语与句⼦的主语不⼀致时,要在动名词之前加上⾃⼰的逻辑主语,这便构成了动名词的复合结构。

举例说明:I know nothing about his having served in the army. 我⼀点也不知道他服过役。

这⾥的his having served in the army 是介词about的宾语,⾃然也就是动名词,只是这⾥的his having served被称为“动名词的复合结构”,这种结构⼀般⽤到动名词的逻辑主语和句⼦的主语不⼀致的情况下,这⾥的his是having served的逻辑主语(也就是实际的⾏为实施者),这⾥⽤的his是he的形容词性物主代词(也就是只能作形容词作来修饰名词,不能直接⽤作句⼦成分。

),⽽having served是⼀个动名词的完成时态。

这⾥的这个动名词的复合结构“his having served in the army”实际上相当⼀个从句:he has served in the army. 他在部分服过役。

说到“动名词的复合结构”,也有不少的⼈朋友感觉不好懂。

其实它就是“说明了逻辑主语的动名词短语”。

也就是在这个短语中告诉了我们这个⾏为是谁实施的。

⼆、四种形式【也可以说:动名词的复合结构由“名词或代词的所有格或通格(主格和宾格统称为通格)+动名词”组成】(⼀)形容词性物主代词(my、his…)+动名词例:Your going there will help a lot.你到那⾥去将能帮上⼤忙。

(⼆)名词's(名词所有格)+动名词例:We are looking forward to the expert’s coming to give a speech to us.我们正盼望着那位专家来给我们演讲你到那⾥去将能帮上⼤忙。

(三)代词宾格(me,us,she, him…)+动名词例:Do you mind me opening the door?您介意我把门打开吗?(四)名词+动名词例:Can you hear the noise of the machine running?你能听到机器运转的噪⾳吗?注:⽐较下列表格中的句⼦三、动名词的复合结构在句⼦中的所充当的成分(⼀)⽤作主语例1:John’s coming here will get us out of trouble.约翰的到来将会使我们脱离困境。

动名词的逻辑主语

动名词的逻辑主语

非谓语动词—动名词的逻辑主语一、动名词前面可以加一个形容词性的物主代词、代词宾格或名词所有格作为该动名词的逻辑主语。

一般来说,动名词的逻辑主语为代词时,它的前面按照规则应当使用形容词性物主代词或名词的所有格。

但是,动名词具有动词的属性,它的后面可以跟直接宾语,那么,它的逻辑主语也可以使用宾格代词或名词普通格。

例如:Please excuse my/me coming late.请原谅,我来迟了。

I'll never forget Tom's /Tom imitating the headmaster.我永远忘不了汤姆模仿校长的样子。

二、动名词的逻辑主语是代词位于句首时,人们大都愿意使用所有格,并且当动名词复合结构充当真实主语时,它的逻辑主语也大都采用所有格形式。

如果动名词是being,则在非正式英语或正式英语中都使用所有格,而不用宾格;如果在句首出现使用代词主格来作动名词的逻辑主语,那只是带有典型非正式语的色彩。

例如:Your driving a car to Beijing took longer than I expected.你开车去北京所用的时间比我预料的长一些。

It's a waste of time your talking to him.你跟他谈话,那是浪费时间。

Excuse my being late.原谅我来晚了。

You falling into the river was the climax of the whole trip.你掉到了河里,是整个旅行的高潮。

三、动名词常可用作介词宾语,而且大都与动词、名词和形容词的搭配有关。

动名词的逻辑主语既可用代词宾格或名词普通格,又可用代词或名词的所有格。

例如:I insisted on him leaving here at once.我坚持要他立刻离开这里。

Maybe that is the sound that I've heard at night—the sound of him /his locking the door.这也许就是我在晚上听见的声音———他锁门的声音。

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动名词复合结构与独立主格的区别
叶县高中李雁鸣
在说明动名词复合结构与独立主格的区别之前让我们共同来看一道易出错的题。

______ that caused him to serve dinner an hour later than usual.
A . It was we being late B. It was our being late
C. It was we wer too late was because we were late
由题干和选项可看出该题是含有It was ….that…的强调句式,被强调部分是句子的主语,所以先排除选项C和D ,那么如果知道动名词复合结构与独立主格的区别就能够得出正确答案B选项,our being late 是动名词复合结构作句子的主语,而A 选项中的we being late 是独立主格结构。

接下来我们就来看看动名词复合结构和独立主格结构的区别:
动名词复合结构:
动名词复合结构是由物主代词或名词所有格加上动名词构成,它们在逻辑上存在主谓关系,在句子中可以作主语、表语、宾语等等。

而在口语或非正式文体中,这种结构如不置于句首作主语,则可用人称代词的宾格代替物主代词,用名词的普通格代替所有格形式如:
1)I can’t imagine his/him marrying her.
我无法想象他与她结婚。

2)There is no question of Marry’s/Marry being able to do it well.
玛丽能做好此事,这是毫无疑问的。

3)The student’s kowing English well helped him in learning French.
这个学生良好的英语基础有助于他学习法语。

4)Her being ill made us worried.
她生病了使我们很担心。

5)Do you mind my/me opening the door
你介意我打开门吗
独立主格结构:
独立主格结构是由逻辑主语(名词或代词主格)加上分词(包括现在分词和过去分词)、形容词、副词、不定式、介词短语、名词等构成的语法结构。

在句子中一般作状语,表示时间、原因、条件、行为方式或伴随等。

独立主格可置于句首、句尾,用逗号与主句隔开。

名词/代词+现在分词
Time permitting , we will hold a sports meet.
时间允许的话,我们将进行运动会。

There being no bus ,we had to walk home.
没有车,我们只好步行回家。

名词/代词+过去分词
More time given ,we should have done it much better.
如果给我们更多的时间,我们会做的更好。

The boy stood there ,his right hand raised.
那个男孩站在那里,右手高举。

名词/代词+形容词/副词
Computers very small, we can use them widely.
计算机虽小,用处却很广。

The lights off , we could not go on with the work.
灯熄了,我们无法继续工作。

名词/代词+不定式
Here are the first two volumes, the third one to come out next month.
这是前两卷,第三卷将于下月出版。

The two boys said good--bye to each other, one to go home ,the other to go to his friends.
两个男孩彼此到了别,一个回了家,另一个去了他朋友家。

名词/代词+ 介词短语
The boy entered the classroom , book in hand.
那男孩手里拿着本书进了教室。

Mary was sitting near the fire ,her back towards the door.
玛丽背朝着门坐在火炉旁。

名词/代词+ 名词
His first shot failure , he fired again.
第一枪没打中,他又打了一枪。

He fought the wolf , a stick his only weapon .
他和狼搏斗,唯一的武器是一根棍棒。

with 复合结构
with 复合结构是独立主格结构中的特殊形式。

With复合结构即“with + 宾语+ 宾语补足语”。

宾语由名词、名词词组、代词充当,宾语补足语由分词、不定式、形容词、副词、介词短语、名词等充当。

Mary felt shy with the whole class looking at her.
全班同学都看着她,玛丽感到不好意思。

(现在分词)
The thief sat in the corner ,with his hands tied to a chair.
小偷坐在角落里,双手绑在椅子上。

(过去分词)
With all the clothes to wash ,I will be very busy today.
有所有的衣服要洗,今天我将会很忙。

(不定式)
He used to sleep with the door open
他过去常开着门睡觉。

(形容词).
The city looks more beautiful with thousands of lights on at night.
夜里,那座城市万盏灯火,分外美丽。

(副词)
The teacher entered the classroom with a book in his hand.
老师手拿一本书进了教室。

(介词短语)
LuXun is a brave soldier ,with his pen weapon.
鲁迅先生以笔为武器,是名勇敢的战士
在with 复合结构中,宾语和宾语补足语之间形成逻辑上的主谓关系。

当这种关系表现为主动语态时,用现在分词;当这种关系表现为被动语态时,用过去分词;当这种关系表示将来意义时,用不定式;当这种关系表示伴随意义时,用现在分词或副词。

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