考研英语语法解析：独立主格结构_毙考题
独立主格结构知识点及例题
独立主格结构的构成独立主格的构成稍显复杂，主要有以下几种:1、名词/代词+现在分词（表示主动或正在进行）e.g. Time permitting(= If time permits), we will go for an outing tomorrow.2、名词/代词+过去分词（表示被动和已完成）e.g. The problems solved(= As the problems were solved), the quality has been improved.3、名词/代词+不定式（表示将要发生的动作）e.g. His friends to come tonight, he is busy preparing the dinner(=His friends are going to come tonight so he is busy preparing the dinner.)4、名词/代词+形容词或副词（常用来说明名词的性质,特征或所处的状态）e.g. So many people absent, the meeting had to be called off.（=Because so many people were absent, the meeting had to be called off.）Nobody in, he left a message on the board.5、名词/代词+介词短语e.g. He went into the classroom,book in hand. （=He went into the classroom and a book is in his hand. )6、with/without+名词/代词+现在分词/过去分词/形容词/不定时e.g. With his son so disappointing, the old man felt unhappy. He sat at a desk with his attention fixed on a book.I can’t go out with all these clothes to wash.7、It being +名词e.g. It being a holiday, all the shops were shut.8、there +being/having beene.g. There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed.“with/without”引导的独立主格结构“介词with/without+宾语+宾语补足语”结构可以构成独立主格结构，在句中常作伴随状语、原因状语，也可作定语。
考研英语语法-独立主格详解附译文
考研英语语法-独立主格详解附译文一、独立主格结构的特点独立主格是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词，副词，介词短语，分词，不定式等，在句子中作状语，相当于一个状语从句或者并列句。
它有以下三个特点与一个功能：【特点】（1）独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
（2）名词或代词和后面的形容词，副词，介词短语，分词，不定式存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
（3）独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，与主句之间不能使用连词。
二、使用独立主格结构的注意事项(1) 当状语从句的主语与主句的主语不是指同一个对象时，可用独立主格结构取代状语从句，但不再保留连词。
如：After class was over (=Class being over/Class over) , the students soon left the classroom. 下课后，学生很快离开了课室。
(2) 在下列两种情况下，独立主格结构中的being（或having been）不能省略：a. 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时。
如：It being Sunday, we went to church. 因为是星期天，我们去了做礼拜。
b. 在There being＋名词的结构中。
如：There being no bus, we had to go home on foot. 因为没有公共汽车，所以我们不得不步行回家。
(3) 在“名词（或代词）＋介词短语”构成的独立主格结构中，一般不用形容词性物主代词和冠词。
如：Miss Smith entered the classroom, book in hand. 史密斯先生走进了课室，手里拿着一本书。
(比较with的复合结构：Miss Smith entered the classroom, with a book in his hand. )(4) 独立主格结构没有所有格形式。
如：The chief-editor arriving, we began the meeting. 主编来了，我们开始开会。
英语语法独立主格结构讲解和习题(完整版)
4、伴随状语 独立主格结构作伴随状语时相当于一个介词 短语或并列谓语.如： 1>.We have lessons every day, __A______. A.Sunday included B.Sunday including C.Sunday is including D.all the above 2>.The boy fell asleep,___A______. A.cap on head B.with a cap on head C.a cap on was on head D. all the above
• 不能省略being <having been>的情形在下列两 种情况下,独立主格结构中的being〔或having been不能省略.
•
<1> 独立主格的逻辑主语是代词时.如：It
being Sunday, we went to church.因为是星期天,
我们去了做礼拜.
•
<2>在There being＋名词的结构中.如：
三、使用分词短语、独立主格结构、with + 复合 宾语结构分别在句子中作状语时要注意：它们与 主句之间不应有从属连词〔如when, if, as soon as, as, while等或并列连词〔如and, but, or, so等.例如：
1.__A___ the teacher told the class to go
B.Being
C.Having been
D.There was
2>___B____no bus, we had to walk home. A.As there being B.As there was C.Being D.There was
独立主格结构讲解及练习题
独立主格结构讲解及练习题Revised by Petrel at 2021独立主格结构讲解及练习题作者：1文章来源：网络点击数：6217更新时间：2013-05-1811:55:28我们知道，“V—ing或—ed形式”短语作状语时，其实就是状语从句在主从句主语一致的情况下省略的结果。
所以通常情况下，“V—ing或—ed形式”作状语时其逻辑主语是和主句的主语一致的。
在前后主语不一致的情况下，我们通常采用“V—ing或—ed形式”短语前加上其逻辑主语一起构成主句的状语部分，因此我们就把自带逻辑主语的“V—ing或—ed形式”结构叫做“独立主格结构”。
事实上，在英语中，“独立主格结构”还可以由“逻辑主语+不定式、名词、形容词、副词、介词短语等”构成，其功能相当于“with复合结构”或“非限制性定语从句”。
独立主格结构一般有逗号与主句分开。
下面本人就从句型转化的角度解读“独立主格结构”的“独立”之处。
1.与状语从句的转化1).Alltheworkfinished,hesatdownforacoffee.【=Whenalltheworkwasfinished,hesatdownfora coffee.】2).Weatherpermitting,wewillgoswimmingtomorrow.【=Ifweatherpermits,wewillgoswimmingtomorrow.】3).Theboybeinglate,histeacherwasveryangry.【=Astheboywaslate,histeacherwasveryangry.】4)Everythingtakenintoconsideration,theeventwasagreatevent.【=Whene very thingtakenintoconsideration,theeventwasa great event.】5)Therebeingsomethingmoreimportanttoattendto,hehadtocanceltheappointmentwithme.【=Astherewassomethingmoreimportanttoattendto,hehadtocanceltheappointmentwithme.】6).Thefloorwet,theystayedoutside.【=Asthefloorwaswet,theystayedoutside.】2.与with复合结构的转化1).Alotofhomeworktodo,Ihavetostayhomeallday.【=Withalotofhomeworktodo,Ihavetostayhomeallday.】2）Thepresidententeredthemeetingroom,hissecretaryfollowinghim.【=Thepresidententeredthemeetingroom,withhissecretaryfollowinghim.】3).Thecrazyman,aguninhishand,wastryingtokillhiswife.【=Thecrazyman,withagunin his hand,wastryingtokillhiswife.】3.与非限制性定语从句的转化1).Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,themostrecenthavingbeenlaunchedattheendoflastmon th.【=Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecrafts,the most recentofwhichwaslaunchedattheendof last mo nth.】2).Theoldfarmerraised10pigs,twoweighing200kg.【=Theoldfarmerraised10pigs,twoofwhichweighed200kg.】巩固联系1.E very thing___intoconsideration,theyoughttohaveanotherchance.A.totakeB.takenC.tobetakenD.taking2.Anexpert___tohelpthemtomorrow,theyaresuretoworkoutthe problem.A.willcomeingC.tocomeD.havingcome3.Themeeting___over,hewenttopickup his sondirectlyA.tobeB.isC.wasD.being4.---Theysatstillintheroom,___.---WhydidtheydolikethatA.drawingthecurtains?B.withthecurtainsdrawnC.withthecurtainsdrawingD.havingthecurtainsdrawn5.Thesun___,theycontinuedtheirway.A.hasrisenB.havingrisenC.hasraisedD.havingraised6.Thecountryhasalreadysentupthreeunmannedspacecraft,the most recent___attheendof last March.A.hasbeenlaunched?B.havingbeenlaunchedC.beinglaunchedD.tobelaunched7.Herearetwovolumes,thethirdone____nextmonth.esoutB.cameoutingoutD.tocomeout8.Withhisson___,theoldmanfeltunhappy.A.todisappoint?B.tobedisappointingC.disappointingD.beingdisappointed9.---Comeon,pleasegivemesomeideasabouttheproject.---Sorry.Withsomuchwork___mymind,Ialmostbreakdown.A.filledB.fillingC.tofillD.beingfilled 10．Johnreceivedaninvitationtodinner,andwith his work___,hegladlyacceptedit.A.finishedB.finishingC.havingfinishedD.wasfinished11.___,I?hadtoaskfortwodays’leave.A.MotherbeingillB.MotherillC.AsmotherwasillD.A,BandC12.Withsomanybooks___,Icouldn’tgotosurftheInternet.A.toreadB.tobereadC.readingD.read13.Thethiefstoodbeforethepoliceman____admittingwhathehaddone.A.withhisdroppinghead?B.droppinghisheadC.raisinghisheadD.withhisheaddown14.Winter___,itistimeto buy warmclothes.A.hascomeonB.iscomingoningoneson15.Theoldmanlayon his backatthecornerofthestreet,hiseyes___andhishands___.A.close,tremble?B.closed,tremblingC.closing,tremblingD.closed,trembled16.Withnothing__toburn,thefirebecameweakandfinallydiedout.A.leavingB.leaveC.leftD.toleave17.Itwasapitythatthe great writerdied___hisworksunfinished.A.forB.withC.ofD.from18.Icouldn’tdomyhomeworkwiththatnoise___on.A.togoB.wentC.goingD.goes19.___twoexamstoworryabout,Ihavetoworkreallyhardt his weekend.A.BecauseofB.WithC.AsforD.Besides20.Tomcamehome,___.A.adogfollowinghim?B.adogfollowedhimC.beingfollowedhim?D.adogwasfollowedhim参考答案：BCDBBBDCBADADCBCBCBA。
英语语法专题--独立主格结构
英语语法专题独立主格结构一、概念：“独立主格结构”是由名词或代词作为逻辑主语，加上分词、形容词、副词、动词不定式或介词短语作为逻辑谓语构成。
这种结构在形式上与主句没有关系，通常称为“独立主格结构”。
二、独立主格结构的句法功能“独立主格结构”实质就是带有自己主语的非限定状语从句。
众所周知非限定性从句通常以主句的某一成分作为自己的逻辑主语，从而依附于主句。
而有些非限定性从句和无动词从句带有自己的主语，在结构上与主句不发生关系，因此成为独立主格结构。
其实，虽然叫做独立主格结构，并不是真正的独立，它还是一种从属分句，在句中有多种作用。
如：表原因、表条件、表方式、表伴随状况、表时间等，还可以作定语。
在句中一般作状语。
1.作时间状语My shoes removed，I entered a low-ceilinged room，treading cautiously on the soft tatami matting．我脱掉鞋子后，走进一间屋顶很低的房间，小心翼翼地踩在柔软的塌塌米垫子上。
The governor pondering the matter，more strikers gathered across his path．总督思考问题时，更多的罢工工人聚集在他要通过的路上。
2.作条件状语Weather permitting，they will go on an outing to the beach tomorrow．如果天气允许的话，他们将在明天组织一次海滨郊游。
Such being the case，you have no grounds for dismissing him．如果情况如此的话，你没有理由解聘他。
3.作原因状语The boy leading the way, we had no trouble finding the strange cave.由那个男孩带路，我们很容易就找到了那奇怪的洞。
独立主格结构例题及解析
独立主格结构例题及解析
独立主格结构是英语语法中的一种特殊结构，它由一个名词或
代词作为主语，后面跟着一个动词或介词短语，这个结构在句子中
独立存在，不与其他成分构成句子的主谓关系。
以下是一个独立主格结构的例题及解析：
例题，天气晴朗，阳光明媚，我心情愉快地散步回家。
解析，在这个句子中，独立主格结构是"天气晴朗，阳光明媚"，它由两个名词短语组成，分别是"天气晴朗"和"阳光明媚"。
这个独
立主格结构在句子中起到补充说明的作用，与主句的主语"我"没有
直接的主谓关系。
它通过逗号与主句分隔开来，突出了天气的好和
阳光的明媚，进一步描述了主句中的主人公心情愉快地散步回家。
这个例题中的独立主格结构增加了句子的表达力，使句子更加
生动。
它可以用来描写环境、情感、心情等，起到修辞和补充说明
的作用。
需要注意的是，独立主格结构通常用逗号与主句隔开，同
时也可以在句子的开头或结尾出现。
希望以上解析能够帮助你理解独立主格结构。
如果你还有其他问题，请随时提出。
独立主格结构讲解及练习题
独立主格结构的用法一、独立主格结构的概念独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是由名词或代词加上分词等构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子。
独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，它的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。
在句中作状语，相当于一个状语从句。
需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构基本构成形式名词(代词)+现在分词；过去分词；形容词；副词；不定式；名词；介词短语）1. 名词(代词)+现在分词例句：The storm drawing near，the navvy decided to call it a day．The storm drawing near在句中作：原因状语＝Since the storm was drawing near，the navvy decided to call it a day．由于暴风雨即将来临，那个挖土小工决定收工。
（call it a day 今天到此为止）例句：Winter coming, it gets colder and colder.Winter coming在句中作：伴随状语= The winter comes, and it gets colder and colder.冬天来了，天气越来越冷了。
造句：时间允许的话，我就和你一起走。
Time permitting, I will go with you. 独立主格作：条件状语=改写：If time permits, I will go with you.造句：那个姑娘望着他，他不知道说什么好。
The girl staring at him, he didn’t know what to say.独立主格作：时间状语=改写：As the girl stared at him, he didn’t know what to say.2. 名词(代词)+过去分词例句：He was listening attentively in class, his eyes fixed on the blackboard.他上课专心听讲，眼睛紧盯着黑板。
独立主格结构特点、用法及例题
1． The weather___fine, they decided to go out for a walk.
A. were B. was C. is D. being
2. The composition given by the teacher___ , Alice went to watch TV.
D. having been surrounded
5. Everything___ into consideration, his work is well done.
A. taking B. taken C. has been taken D. being taken
D. having parked illegally
14. Mr. Smith stood beside the window, his attention ____ the car outside.
A. focus on
B. focusing upon
C. focused on
A. to work it out
B. having been worked out
C. to orked out
6-10 ABACC
11. The purse_____, they went to the police.
1-5 DDBBB
6. All his work___, he left his office at ease.
A. finished B. had been finished C. finishing D. to finish
7．The power station was built on the river with our village and some others___ with electricity.
英语语法独立主格结构讲解及习题
3. 名词/主格代词+不定式（表示将要发生的动作） 名词/主格代词与不定式之间是主动关系，且强调的 是一次具体性的动作。 如： He is going to make a model plane, some old parts to help. 借助于一些旧零件，他要做一个飞机模型。 They said good-bye to each other, one to go home, the other to go to the bookstore. 他们道别后，一个回了家， 一个去了书店。 4.名词/主格代词+形容词（常用来说明名词或代词的 性质,特征或所处的状态） 如： An air accident happened to the plane,nobody alive. 那架飞机遭遇了空难，无一人生还。
5. 名词/主格代词+副词（常用来说明名词或代词 的性质,特征或所处的状态） 如：He put on his sweater ,wrong side out. 他把毛衣穿反了。 The meeting over, they all went home. 会议一结束，他们就都回家了。 6. 名词/主格代词+介词短语（常用来说明名词或 代词的性质,特征或所处的状态） 如：The boy goes to the classroom, book in hand. 那男孩手里拿着书去教室。 7. 名词/主格代词+名词 His first shot failure,he fired again．
finished 1. The test __________(finish) , we began our holiday. was finished 2. When the test __________(finish), we began our holiday 3. Weather _________(permit) , we are going to permitting visit you tomorrow. 4. Therebeing _______(be)no taxis, we had to walk. was 5.Because there _______ （be） no taxis, we had to walk.
英语语法独立主格结构讲解及习题
children of no more than 10. 很多学生参加了这次数学竞赛，其中大多数 人年仅10岁。I received many gifts, many of them books.我收到很多书
其中很多事书籍
b.逻辑主语+形容词 This section of road slippery, every driver can never be too careful.此路段很滑，所有司机都应小心谨慎。Arriving at the spot, they were all standing in surprise face to face, eyes wide open.一到现场，他们都面对面吃惊的站着，眼睛瞪得大大的 c.逻辑主语+副词 Music over, all the audience stood up with fits of applause. 乐一结束，所有的观众都站了起来报以热烈的掌声。Nobody in, I had to wait.没人在，我只好等着 d.逻辑主语+介词短语 Many experts attended the conference, most of them from the States.很多专家参加了此次会议，其中很多人来自美国。The boy went off
3‘独立主格结构中的being和having been常 可以省略
All the windows (being) open, the air in the room is fresher.所有 的窗户开着，屋子里的空气更新鲜了。All the tickets(having been) sold out, we had to wait for the next week’s show.所有的票都卖出去了，我 们只好等下周的演出。
独立主格详解及高考题型练习
一、有关独立主格结构的基本概念独立主格结构是一个名词或代词（作为逻辑主语），加上一个形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等在句中作状语。
它有以下三个特点：1.独立主格的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2.名词或代词与后面的形容词、副词、介词短语、分词、不定式等存在逻辑上的主谓关系。
3.独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
二、独立主格结构的常见形式1. 名词（代词）+现在分词The question being settled, we went home.问题解决之后，我们就回家了。
2. 名词（代词）+过去分词The last bus having gone, we had to walk home. 最后一班公车已经走了，我们必须走路回家。
3. 名词（代词）+不定式So many people to help him, he is sure to succeed. 有如此多的人来帮助他，他一定会成功的。
4. 名词（代词）+介词短语A girl came in, book in hand. 一个少女进来了，手里拿着书。
He was waiting, his eyes on her back. 他在等着，眼睛望着她的背影。
5. 名词（代词）+形容词或副词He sat in the front row, his mouth half open.他坐在前排，嘴半开着。
6. There being +名词（代词）There being nothing else to do, we went home.没有别的事可做，我们就回家了。
There being no further business, I declare the meeting closed. 没有再要讨论的事了，我宣布散会。
7. It being +名词（代词）It being Christmas, the government offices were closed. 由于圣诞节的缘故，政府机关都休息。
独立主格结构讲解及题目
独立主格结构1一、独立主格结构的概念及基本构成形式独立主格结构(the absolute structure)是由名词或代词加上分词或分词短语构成的一种独立结构，用于修饰整个句子，而不是一个词或词组。
独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词或分词短语构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
这种结构与主句不发生句法上的联系，独立主格结构的位置相当灵活，可置于主句前、主句末或主句中，常由逗号将其与主句分开。
需特别注意的是，独立主格结构与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
例如：1)Night enshrouding the earth,nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.(黑夜笼罩大地，谁也看不清远处黑压压的一片是什么东西。
)2)He lay at full length upon his stomach,his head resting upon his left forearm.(他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。
)3)The coward was backing,his face being deathly pale,toward another room.(那个胆小鬼向另一个房间退去，脸色煞白。
)独立主格结构多用于书面语，尤其是描述性语言中，在口语和非正式文体中，一般用从句或两个句子来代替。
例如，上述例句可变为：1)Because night enshrouded the earth, nobody could make out what the dark mass was from a distance.2)He lay at full length upon his stomach.His head rested upon his left forearm.3)The coward was backing toward another room.His face was deathly pale.二、独立主格结构的特殊构成形式独立主格结构除上述基本构成形式，即名词／代词＋分词(短语)外，还有如下特殊构成形式。
独立主格结构总结及练习
独立主格结构一、概念独立主格结构（Absolute Structure）是一种特殊的结构，前一部分是名词或主格代词（作为逻辑主语），后一部分是非谓语动词(不定式和分词)或形容词、副词、名词或介词短语，独立主格结构中的名词或代词与其后的分词等构成逻辑上的主谓关系, 在句中做状语，用于修饰整个句子。
其位置灵活，可位于句前、句中或句末，常由逗号将其与句子其它部分分开。
它有以下几个特点：1. 独立主格结构的逻辑主语与句子的主语不同，它独立存在。
2. 独立主格结构一般用逗号与主句分开，但与主句之间不能使用任何连接词。
3. 做时间状语、原因状语、条件状语、方式状语、伴随状语等时候，通常可转换成状语从句或并列句。
二、独立主格结构的三种类型：（一）非谓语动词独立主格结构逻辑主语+非谓语动词（不定式、现在分词、过去分词）1. 名词(代词)+现在分词分词作状语,当其逻辑主语与句子的主语不一致时,分词应有自己的逻辑主语,构成分词的独立结构。
用名词(代词)+现在分词时，名词(代词)与动词构成逻辑上的主谓关系。
此时的现在分词通常表示动作正在进行（或当时正在进行）。
有时现在分词不表示进行，而表示一般情况的状态或动作。
a) Such being the case, you have no grounds for dismissing him.如果情况如此的话，你没有理由解聘他。
b) He lay at full length upon his stomach，his head resting upon his left forearm．他的脊背朝天，四肢伸展，头枕着左臂，直挺挺地趴伏着。
c) Their room was on the third floor, its window overlooking the sports ground.他们的房间在三层楼上，窗户俯视着操场。
(表示一般情况的状态或动作)2. 名词(代词)+ 过去分词名词(代词)与动词构成逻辑上的动宾关系, 表示被动意义或完成意义。
中考英语非谓语动词作独立主格结构练习题50题带答案解析
中考英语非谓语动词作独立主格结构练习题50题带答案解析1.The teacher entered the classroom, book in hand. “book in hand” is an example of _____.A.noun + present participleB.noun + past participleC.noun + infinitiveD.noun + preposition phrase答案解析：A。
“book in hand”中“book”是名词，“in hand”整体不是介词短语，“hand”与“book”有主动关系，“in hand”相当于“being in hand”，是现在分词短语，属于名词加现在分词的独立主格结构。
B 选项过去分词表示被动，这里书与在手中不是被动关系；C 选项不定式通常表示目的等，不符合；D 选项不是介词短语。
2.The boy sat there, eyes closed. “eyes closed” is a case of _____.A.noun + present participleB.noun + past participleC.noun + infinitiveD.noun + preposition phrase答案解析：B。
“eyes closed”中“eyes”是名词，“closed”是过去分词，眼睛是被闭上的，是被动关系，属于名词加过去分词的独立主格结构。
A 选项现在分词表示主动关系，不符合；C 选项不定式不符合；D 选项不是介词短语。
3.The girl came in, smile on face. “smile on face” is _____.A.noun + present participleB.noun + past participleC.noun + infinitiveD.noun + preposition phrase答案解析：A。
中考英语独立主格结构高级综合用法练习题30题
中考英语独立主格结构高级综合用法练习题30题1.The students having finished their homework, they went out to play.A.having finishedB.finishedC.finishingD.to finish答案解析：A。
本题考查独立主格结构“名词+现在分词”。
句子的主语是they，前面的The students having finished their homework 是独立主格结构，在句中作原因状语。
“students”和“finish”之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词having finished。
B 选项finished 是过去分词，表示被动或完成；C 选项finishing 单独使用时不能表示完成的意思；D 选项to finish 表将来或目的，不符合语境。
2.Mother cooking in the kitchen, I was doing my homework in my room.A.cookingB.cookedC.to cookD.having cooked答案解析：A。
这是独立主格结构“名词+现在分词”。
“Mother”和“cook”之间是主动关系，所以用cooking。
B 选项cooked 是过去分词，表被动或完成；C 选项to cook 表将来或目的；D 选项having cooked 强调动作先于主句发生，此处不需要这个含义。
3.The teacher coming into the classroom, the students stood up.ingB.cameC.to comees答案解析：A。
独立主格结构“名词+现在分词”。
“teacher”和“come”是主动关系，用coming。
B 选项came 是谓语动词形式，这里需要非谓语；C 选项to come 表将来；D 选项comes 是谓语动词形式。
中考英语独立主格结构用法辨析完形填空题30题(带答案)
中考英语独立主格结构用法辨析完形填空题30题(带答案)11. The teacher walked into the classroom, book in hand. The students were all quiet, eyes ___ on the teacher.A. fixedB. fixingC. to fixD. being fixed答案：A。
eyes 和fix 之间是被动关系，且表示状态，所以用过去分词fixed。
独立主格结构中名词/代词+过去分词表示被动关系。
2. The meeting over, all the people left the room, discussion still ___ in their minds.A. goingB. goneC. to goD. being gone答案：A。
discussion 和go 之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词going。
独立主格结构中名词/代词+现在分词表示主动关系。
3. He lay on the grass, his eyes ___ at the sky.A. lookingB. lookedD. being looked答案：A。
eyes 和look 之间是主动关系，所以用现在分词looking。
独立主格结构中名词/代词+现在分词表示主动关系。
4. The weather being fine, we decided to go for a picnic, our bags ___ with food.A. filledB. fillingC. to fillD. being filled答案：A。
bags 和fill 之间是被动关系，且表示状态，所以用过去分词filled。
独立主格结构中名词/代词+过去分词表示被动关系。
5. She sat at the desk, her head ___ in her hands.A. buriedB. buryingC. to buryD. being buried答案：A。
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2019考研英语语法解析：独立主格结构_毙考题
独立主格结构
独立主格结构由名词或代词加上其他成分(分词、不定式、名词、代词、形容词、副词或介词短语)构成。
独立主格结构没有主语和谓语，所以在语法上不是句子。
但多有名词或代词表示的逻辑主语，分词或不定式表示的逻辑谓语，有时还有其他修饰成分。
(判断一个结构是否是句子的标准就是看看这个结构是否有谓语动词。
)这种结构通常在句子中起方式、时间、原因、条件等状语或状语从句的作用，主要用于书面语。
使用动词非谓语形式的独立主格结构可以改为句子形式(从句):独立主格结构加上连词，非谓语动词改为谓语动词形式，这样就成为从句了。
例如:
Today being Sunday, the library isn t open.今天星期天，图书馆不开放。
(原因)改为从句:
As (Since) today is Sunday, the library isn t open.
例如:
There being no buses，we had to take a taxi. 没有汽车了，我们只好坐出租车了。
Because there were no buses, we had to take a taxi.
The signal given，the bus started.信号发出后，公共汽车就启动了。
(时间)改为从句:
After the signal was given, the bus started.
The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，sword in hand.少年跟那个人到这里，并爬了进来，手里拿着剑。
The boy followed that man here，and climbed in，and had a sword in his hand.
The mid-term examination is over, the end-of-term examination to come two months later.期中考试结束了，两个月之后进行期末考试.
The mid-term examination is over, and the end-of-term examination is to come two months later.
Weather permitting, we 11 visit the Great Wall.如果天气允许的话，我们就去参观长城。
If weather permits, we 11 visit the Great Wall.
The boy followed that man here, and climbed in, sword in hand.少年跟那个人到这里，并爬了进来，手里拿着剑。
(伴随状语)
上文例句中sword in hand是由名词+介词短语构成，表示伴随的情况。
这种表示伴随情的独立主格结构，有时可以用with
引出，二者的意思是一样的，with结构更加口语话，更加常用。
She left the office with tears in her eyes.她眼里含着泪水，离开了办公室。
The teacher walked into the classroom, with a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.老师胳膊底下挟着一把尺子，手里拿着几本书，走进了教室。
The teacher walked into the classroom. He was holding a ruler under his arm and some books in his hand.
Tian anmen Square looks magnificent with all the lights on.华灯齐放，天安门广场显得美丽动人。
With the boy leading the way, we found his house with no difficulty.由这孩子领路，我们毫不费劲地找到他的家。
With him to give us a lead, our team is bound to turn out well.有他给我们带头，我们对一定能搞好。
1、指出下列句子中的独立主格结构:
1) My work having been finished, I went home.
---My work having been finished
2)The woman sat smiling, surrounded by her flowers, a faraway look in her eyes.
---A faraway look in her eyes
3) My watch having been lost, I didn t know what time it was.
---My watch having been lost
4) He came into the room, his face red with cold.
--- his face red with cold
5) There an elderly patient was sitting in her wheelchair alone, head bowed, her back to most of the others.
--- Head bowed. her back to mast of the others
6) A man came in, his face hidden by an upturned coat collar and a cap pulled law over his brow. --- His face hidden by an upturned .
2、用独立主格结构改正下列句子:
1) Being cold, he put on his overcoat.
---It being cold,
2) Being no bus, we had to walk home.
--- There being no bus, ...
3) Getting colder, same birds are flying away to the south.
--- It getting colder, ...
4) Being ill, Mr. Li taught the lesson in place of Mr. Wang.
--- Mr. Wang being ill, Mr. Li taught..
5) Asia is the largest continent, being about 43 million square kilometer.
--- ，its size (area) being about 43 .
3、用独立主格结构将括号内的汉语译成英语填空:
1)Bing Bing entered the room, _____ (手里拿着一个大苹果).
---- (with) a big apple in his hand.
2) _____(下课了)，the children ran out of the class room.
---The class being over
3) The little girl waited at the bus stop for a long time, _____(鼻子冻得通红).
---her nose red with cold
4) Here comes the Shanghai train, _____ (从福州来的火车)
---the Fuzhou train to come half an hour later.
5) He was doing his homework._____ (他的父亲坐在旁边)
6) ____(谁也没有什么可说的), the meeting was closed.
-----Nobody having any more to say.
By Sept. 2008 Beijing will have held/hosted the Olympic Games. 到2008年9月，北京将举行完了奥运会。
X。