2018届上海市各高中学校高三英语试题分类汇编--阅读理解B篇(带答案精确校对)

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2018年上海高考英语真题试卷

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷（满分140分，考试时间120分钟）考生注意：答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。

I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections:In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.（）1. A. In a grocery B. In a cafe.C. At a tailor’s.D. At a toy shop（）2. A. He is pleased with his job.B. He is not satisfied with his work.C. He finds the huge workload unbearable.D. He finds his office much too big for him.（）3.A. He is most probably checking whether everything is OK.B. He is most probably jumping from the desk.C. He is most probably repairing the desk.D. He is most probably changing the bulb.（）4. A. £200. B. £300. C. £600. D. £700.（）5. A. It's difficult for the woman to get the job if she takes the interview.B. The woman can get the job if she takes the interview.C. The woman has less chance to get the job than others.D. The woman should work harder from now on if she wants to get the job.（）6. A. The man drinks too much wine.B. The man drinks little wine.C. The bed is too soft.D. The bed is too hard.（）7. A. He may change the shirt because it's too large.B. He may change the shirt because it's too small.C. He doesn't like the color of the shirt.D. He likes the shirt.（）8. A. To put him to another flight.B. To arrange the next flight.C. To take him to somewhere.D. To arrange his accommodation.（）9. A. The news on TV.B. Many people came to the new hotel.C. It is difficult for people to find a job.D. The man still has got a job.（）10. A. The woman thinks it easy to learn physics.B. The woman is good at physics.C. The man thinks Professor Smith explained the physics problem very clearly.D. The man can't understand the physics problem.Section BDirections:In Section B you will hear two short passages, and one longer conversation ,after each passage. The passages or conversation you will be asked several questions, the passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.（）11. A. Spain. B. France C. America D. England. （）12. A. Visitors shouldn't overlook it because it suffered a lot in history.B. Saint Augustine is the oldest city in the nation.C. Florida was ruled by Spanish until the United States took over it.D. Many visitors support the Florida’s coast recovery for its beauty.（）13. A. Florida's Atlantic coast.B. St. Augustine's history.C. Spanish control over Florida.D. Spanish history.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following talk.（）14. A. A lost property office in Europe.B. A lost property office in London.C. A lost property office in Tokyo.D. Paul Cowan's office.（）15. A. Lost items become the property of transport for London.B. Lost items are taken good care of by Cowan's team.C. Almost all of the lost items were returned to their owners.D. Twenty percent of the lost items are claimed in three months’ time.（）16. A. Because they think their lost shoes are useless.B. Because they have already bought new shoes.C. Because they would like to get a new pair.D. Because they can't find their lost shoes.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.（）17. A. She is most probably bargaining for a house.B. She is most probably visiting one of her friends.C. She is most probably looking for a house.D. She is most probably contacting her bank for a house.（）18. A. The kitchen attached bathroom.B. A wine storage area.C. The floor covering.D. The relaxing colors of the wall.（）19. A. The price is reasonable. B. The price is too high.C. The price is low.D. The offer is unfair.（）20. A. The woman will buy the house because the price is reasonable.B. The house is really good because the bathroom is attached to the bedroom.C. The inside of the house is better than the outside.D. The woman likes the house so much that she will buy it.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A comprehensive study of 4, 500 children conducted by the National Institutes of Health in 2018 shows that children who spent more than seven hours a day staring at screens showed evidence of premature thinning of their brain's cortex-the outer layer that processes sensory information. “We don't know if it ___21___ (cause) by the screen time. We don't know yet if it's bad thing. It won't be until we follow them over time ___22___ we will see if there are outcomes that are associated with the differences that we're seeing in this single snapshot,” Dr. Gaya Dowling. “What we can say is that this is ___23___ the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens. And it's not just one pattern.”The problem isn't just screens ___24___, but also the way screens tempt kids (and adults) away from something far more important: physical activity. More than 23 percent of adults and 80 percent of adolescents don't get enough physical activity, and according to a 2019 report from the World Health Organization. (WHO), these patterns of activity and rest arise ___25___ habits we develop early in life, “What we really need to do is ___26___ (bring) back play for children,” says Dr. Juana Williamson, a WHO specialist in childhood obesity and physical activity, in a statement about new WHO guidelines issued in April 2019. This is about making the shift from sedentary time to playtime, while ___27___ (protect) sleep. Of course, children aren’t completely to blame for their screen addiction.Sometimes, the parents ___28___ complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. A 2016 study ___29___ (conduct) by Common Sense Media found that parents spend up to nine hours a day in front of screens, mostly not for work-related reasons. While 78 percent of parents said they believed they were good screen time role models, the study found a disconnect between their behavior and their perception of their behavior. Parents need to limit screen time for themselves and especially for their kids- ___30___ it means playing the bad guy. Our mental and physical health depends on it.21. _________ 22. ________ 23. _______ 24. _________ 25. _________ 26. _________ 27. _________ 28. _________ 29. _________ 30. _________ Section BDirections:Fill in each blank with a proper word chosen from the box. Each word can be usedonly once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Some Very “American” Words Come from ChineseOn a recent program, we told you the stories of English words borrowed from other languages. Today, we will tell you about words that English has taken from Chinese.Many of the Chinese words that are now part of English were borrowed long ago. They are most often from Cantonese or other Chinese languages rather than Mandarin.Let’s start with kowtow.kowtowThe English word kowtow is a verb that means to agree too easily to do what someone else wants you to do, or to obey someone with power in a way that seems ___31___. It comes from the Cantonese word kau tau, which means “knock your head.” It refers to the act of kneeling and lowering one's head as a sign of respect to ___32___— such as emperors, elders and leaders. In the case of emperors, the act required the person to touch their head to the ground. In 1793, Britain's King George III sent Lord George Macartney and other trade ambassadors to China to ___33___ a trade agreement. The Chinese asked them to kowtow to the Qianlong Emperor. As the story goes, Lord Macartney refused for his ___34___ to do more than bend their knees. He said that was all they were required to do for their own king.It is not surprising, then, that Macartney left China without negotiating the trade agreement. After that, critics used the word kowtow when anyone was too submissive to China. Today, the usage has no connection to China, nor any specific political connection.gung-hoAnother borrowed word that came about through ___35___ between two nations is gung-ho. In English, the word gung-ho is an adjective that means extremely excited about doing something. The Chinese characters “gōng” and “hé” together mean “work together, cooperate.” The original term — gõngyèhézuòshè— means Chinese Industrial Cooperatives. The organizations were established in the 1930s by Westerners in China to promote industrial and economic development.Lt. Colonel Evans Carlson of the United States Marine3 Corps4 observed these cooperatives while he was in China. He was imp ressed, saying “.... all the soldiers ___36___ themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over.” He then began using the term gung-ho in the Marine Corps to try to create the same spirit he had ___37___. In 1942, he used the word as a training slogan for the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion during World War II. The men were often called the “Gung Ho Battalion.” From then, the word gung-ho spread as a slogan the Marine Corps. Today, its meaning has no relation to the military.typhoonIn English, a typhoon is a very powerful and ___38___ storm that occurs around the China Sea and in the South Pacific. The word history of typhoon had a far less direct path to the English language than gung-ho. And not all historical accounts are the same. But, according to the Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories, the first typhoons reported in the Englishlanguage were in India and were called “touffons” or “tufans,” The word tufan or al-tufan is Arabic and means violent storm or flood. The English came across this word in India and borrowed it as touffon.Later, when English ships encountered violent storms in the China Sea, Englishmen learned the Cantonese word tai fung, which means “great wind.” The word's ___39___ to touffon is only by chance. The modern form of the word —typhoon —was influenced by the Cantonese but ___40___ to make it appear more Greek.31. _________ 32. ________ 33. _______ 34. _________ 35. _________ 36. _________ 37. _________ 38. _________ 39. _________ 40. _________III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections:For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context .When 17-year-old Quattro Musser hangs out with friends, they don't drink beer or cruise around in cars with their dates. ___41___, they stick to G-rated activities such as rock-climbing or talking about books.They are in good company, according to a new study showing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as rites of passage into ___42___.The study, published Tuesday in the journal Child Development, found that the percentage of adolescents in the U. S. who have a driver's license, who have tried alcohol, who date, and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976, with the most precipitous ___43___ in the past decade. The declines appeared across race, geographic, and socioeconomic lines, and in rural, urban, and suburban areas.To be sure, more than half of teens still engage in these activities, but the ___44___ have slimmed considerably, Between 1976 and 1979, 86 percent of high school seniors had gone on a date; between 2010 and 2015 only 63 percent People say, Oh, it's because teenagers are more resp onsible, or more lazy, or more boring, “but they're ___45___ the larger trend,” said Jean Twenge, lead author of the study, which drew on seven large time-lag surveys of Americans. Rather, she said, kids may be less ___46___ in activities such as dating, driving or getting jobs because in today' s society.According to an evolutionary psychology theory that a person's “life strategy” slows down or speeds up depending on his or her ___47___, exposure to a “harsh and unpredictable” environment leads to faster development, while a more resource-rich and secure environment has the ___48___ effect, the study said. In the first ___49___, “You'd have a lot of kids and be in survival mode, start having kids young, expect your kids will have kids young, and expect that there will be more ___50___ and fewer resources,” said Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University who is the author of “iGen; Why Today’s Super-Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy —and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood.A century ago, when life expectancy was lower and college education less prevalent, “the goal back then was survival, not violin lessons by 5,” Twenge said. In that model a teenage boy might be thinking more ___51___ about marriage, and driving a car and working for pay would be important for “establishing mate value based on procurement of resources,” the study said.But America is shifting more toward the ___52___ model, and the change is apparent across the socioeconomic spectru m, Twenge said. “Even in families whose parents didn't have a college education... families are smaller, and the idea that children need to be carefully ___53___ has really sunk in.” The ___54___ of “adult activities” could not be attributed to more homewo rk or extracurricular activities, the study said, noting that teens today spend fewer hours on homework and the same amount of time on extracurricular as they did in the 1990s ( with the exception of community service, which has risen slightly). Nor could the use of smartphones and the Internet be entirely the ___55___, the report said, since the decline began before they were widely available. If the delay is to make room for creative exploration and forming better social and emotional connections, it is a good thing, he said.（）41. A. Therefore B. Rather C. Moreover D. Besides（）42. A. childhood B. neighborhoodC. adolescentsD. adulthood（）43. A. escapes B. ends C. decreases D. changes（）44. A. minorities B. majorities C. masses D. amounts（）45. A. taking B. avoiding C. sending D. missing（）46. A. interested B. envied C. relieved D. realized（）47. A. emotions B. surroundings C. customs D. habits（）48. A. wrong B. same C. opposite D. similar（）49. A. event B. issue C. case D. occasion（）50. A. trouble B. questions C. benefits D. diseases（）51. A. respectively B. delicatelyC. seriouslyD. considerably（）52. A. slower B. better C. smaller D. faster（）53. A. emphasized B. related C. organized D. educated（）54. A. implement B. postponementC. achievementD. payment（）55. A. cause B. impact C. fact D. resultSection BDirections:Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Bitcoin and other so called crypt currencies have been all over the news lately. Apparently, the idea of money that's not tied to a specific bank — or a specific country — is appealing to many. But it's worth remembering that the banking system that we now all live with is just that: A modern invention. Not so long ago, money was almost always created and used locally, and bartering was common. (In fact, it still is common among many online local networks, like the Buy Nothing Project.).In the past, money's makeup varied from place to place, depending on what was considered valuable there. So while some of the world's first coins were made from a naturally occurring hybrid of gold and silver called electrum, objects other than coins have served as currency, including beads, ivory, livestock, and cowrie shells. In West Africa, bracelets of bronze or copperwere used as cash, especially if the transaction was associated with the slave trade there. Throughout the colonial period, tobacco was used in lieu of coins or paper bills in Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina, even though it was used elsewhere in the colonies and extensively throughout Europe and the U.K.Today, on an island in the Pacific, a specific type of shell still serves as currency — and some people there are even hoarding it, just like Bitcoin moguls, convinced that one day, it will make them wealthy beyond imagination. On Malaita, the most- populated i sland that’s part of the Solomon Islands, shells are accepted at most places in “How much tuna you can get for your shells depends on their color and shape,” Mary Bruno, a shop owner from the small town of Auki, on Malaita, told Vice. “One strip of darker shells might get you about two cans of smaller tuna, but the red ones are worth more, For the red ones, one strip might get enough tuna to feed a big family for a long time.Just like a mint that creates coins, there' s only one place on the island where the shells, which are polished and strung together to form 3-foot-long ropes, are made. (You can see how that works in the video above.) The strips of red, white, and black shells all come from Langa Langa Lagoon, where artificial islands were long-ago built by locals to escape from the island-dwelling cannibals. Once marooned out on their islands, locals needed a currency to use among themselves, and so the shell currency was born.Using shells for money was common throughout the Pacific islands as late as the early 1900s, but Malaita is unique in that they are still used today. And just like crypto currencies, there are those who think the islanders are smart to invest in this type of money, which is reported to have risen in value over the last three decades. It might seem strange to hoard a bunch of processed, strung-together shells, but what is a pile of dollars? Just a specially printed piece of paper and hemp that we've assigned value to — and probably less durable over time than those shells.（）56. According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A. Money was created and was widely used in the world.B. Tobacco was used as coins or paper bills in American in the past.C. The ingredients of world's first coins may be the combination of gold and silver.D. Using shells for money has been out of date in the world.（）57. The word “mint” in paragraph 4 is closest in the meaning to“_______________”.A. a kind of money that can exchangeB. the leaves of a mint plant used fresh or candiedC. a place to produce and polish shellsD. a factory that produces currency（）58. What's opinion of the author towards shells for money?A. Reasonable.B. Imaginary.C. Convenient.D. Inventive.（）59. Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A. The History of BitcoinB. Shells Still MoneyC. The Currency Is of Great UseD. Some Shells(B)How Do You Move a Giant Sequoia?The logistics of excavating（挖掘）and relocating town’s century-old, living sequoia(红杉) tree. Inhabitants of Boise, Idaho, watched with trepidation earlier this year as the city's oldest, tallest resident moved two blocks. The 105-year-old sequoia tree serves as a local landmark, not only for its longevity but also because renowned naturalist and Sierra Club cofounder John Muir provided the original seedling. So, when Saint Luke's Health System found that the 10-story-tall-conifer( 针叶树) stood in the way of its planned hospital called tree-moving firm Environmental Design.The Texas-based company has developed and patented scooping and lifting technology to move massive trees. Weighing in at more than 800, 000 pounds, the Boise sequoia is its largest undertaking yet. “I [had] lost enough sleep over this,” says David Cox, the company's Western region vice president — and that was before the hospital mentioned the tree's distinguished origin. Before the heavy lifting began, the team assessed the root system and dug a five-foot-deep cylinder , measuring 40 feet in diameter, around the trunk to protect all essential roots. After encapsulating the root ball in wire mesh, the movers allowed the tree to acclimate to its new situation for seven months before relocating it. The illustration details what followed. —Leslie Nemo1. Mark A. Merit and his team at Environmental Design installed underneath the root ball a platform of seven-inch-diameter,44-foot-long steelbars and, just below the rods, a first set of uninflated airbags ( shown in gray).The team also dug a shallow ramp.2. In roughly 15 minutes, the movers inflated the airbags to about three feet in diameter to raise the root ball to the surface of the hole.3. By underinflating the front bags, the team allowed the platform carrying the tree to roll up the ramp and out of the hole while staying level, A trailer hauled the tree along as team members removed the airbags from the back of the platform and replaced them in the front. They repeated the process until the tree arrived at the edge of its new home.4. There a second set of partially inflated bags (shown in white) waited inside the hole. Soil surrounding the sequoia in its original location was relocated as well, because trees are more likely to survive a transplant when they move with their original soil.5. Using the first set of airbags, the movers rolled the platform into the new hole.6. The bags waiting there were then inflated further to take the weight of the sequoia while the transportation bags were deflated and removed from under the tree.7. The white bags were then deflated in about half an hour to lower the sequoia's root ball to the bottom of its hole, The bags were removed, but the metal bars were left with the tree because they rust and degrade over a number of years.8. For the next five years the local park service will monitor and maintain the tree in its new home.（）60. Which of the following words can be used to replace the words underlined "stood in the way of"?A. ResistedB. BalancedC. Blocked.D. Promoted. （）61. What is the reason for the relocation of Sequoia trees?A. Because the Scooping and lifting technology should be put into use.B. Because it blocks local hospital expansion plans.C. Because it corresponds to government's plan of Environmental Design.D. Because sequoia trees are over a hundred years old.（）62. How will the migrated sequoia trees be dealt with?A. They will be given new soil in the new living environment.B. Metal rods used to move sequoia trees will not be left on the trees.C. They will be kept in transport bags all the time.D. They will be managed by specialists in the next five years.(C)Understand the Economic Concept of a Budget LineThe term “budget line” has several related meanings, including a couple that are self- evident and a third that is not.The budget line as an Informal Consumer UnderstandingThe budget line is an elementary concept that most consumers understand intuitively without a need for graphs and equations — it's the household budget, for example.Taken informally, the budget line describes the boundary of affordability for a given budget and specific goods.Given a limited amount of money, a consumer can only spend that same amount buying goods. If the consumer has X amount of money and wants to buy two goods A and B, she can only purchase goods totaling X. If the consumer needs an amount of A costing 0.75, she can then spend only 0.25 X, the amount remaining, on her purchase of B.This seems almost too obvious to bother writing or reading about. As it turns out, however, this same concept-one that most consumers make many times each day with reflecting on it-is the basis of the more formal budget line concept in economics , which is explained below.Lines in a BudgetBefore turning to the economics definition of budget line, consider another concept: the line-item budget. This is effectively a map of future expenditures, with all the constituent expenditures individually noted and quantified. There' s nothing very complicated about this usage, a budget line is one of the lines in the budget, with the service or good to be purchased named and the cost quantified,The Budget Line as an Economics ConceptOne of the interesting ways the study of economics relates to human behavior generally is that a lot of economic theory is the formalization of the kind of simple concept outlined above —a consumer's informal understanding of the amount she has to spend and what that amount will buy.In the process of formalization, the concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation that can be applied generally.A Simple Budget Line GraphTo understand this, think of a graph where the vertical lines quantify how many movie tickets. you can buy and where the horizontal lines do the same for crime novels. You like going to the movies and reading crime novels and you have $ 150 to spend, In the example below, assume that each movie costs $10 and each crime novel costs $15. The more formal economics term for these two items is budget set.If movies cost $ 10 each, then the maximum number of movies you can see with the money available is 15. To note this you make a dot at the number 15 (for total movie tickets) at the extreme left-hand side of the chart. This same dot appears at the e xtreme left above “0” on the horizontal axis because you have no money left for books — the number of books available in this example is 0. You can also graph the other extreme —all crime novels and no movies. Since crime novels in the example cost $15 and you have $150 available, if you spend all the available money crime novels, you can buy 10. So you put a dot on the horizontal axis at the number 10.You'll place the dot at the bottom of the vertical axis because in this instance you have $0 available for movie tickets.If you now draw a line from the highest, leftmost dot to the lowest, rightmost dot you'll have created a budget line. Any combination of movies and crime novels that falls below the budget line is affordable. Any combination above it is not.（）63. Which sentence about the budget line is NOT TRUE?A. It is limitation of affordability for a given budget and specific goods.B. Most costumers will be confused with this concept because of its complex.C. It is the effectively a map of future expenditures.D. It can be expressed as a mathematical. equation.（）64. What is the purpose of the passage?A. To tell us any concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation.B. To help us figure out the meaning Budget Line.C. To tell us we should budget before we buy goods.D. To give an instruction of drawing a budget Line.（）65. Assume that each movie costs 10 and each crime novel costs, $15, you have $150.Which is RIGHT according to this passage?A. The maximum number of movies you can see is 10.B. The maximum number of crime novels you can buy is 15.C. You can buy 7 crime novels and, see 5 movies.D. You can buy 7 crime novels and see 4 movies.（）66. What is the best title of this passage?A.Do we really know the economic concept of a budget line?B.The Budget Line as an Economics Concept.C.The Budget Line as an Informal Consumer UnderstandingD.The Complex Concept- Budget LineSection CDirections:Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Magazine Articles More Valuable Than You May ThinkParents are often surprised when teachers suggest their children read magazines. Read on to learn about the benefits that reading magazines offers to young readers and how to introduce your children to the medium.Magazine BenefitsMagazine articles can provide reluctant readers with a lively, breezy writing style that can inspire them to read more.The articles in magazines are generally short, which allows a child to finish reading a feature article without losing interest due to short attention span. The writing in magazines also tends to be easy to read, especially if it is a children's publication.By allowing your child to read magazines at an early age, you are encouraging development of a useful skill. ___67___ Getting into the habit of reading periodicals as a child will foster the habit。

2018年上海英语高考阅读B篇

→trailerhole以上为制作的“篇阅读。

这篇阅读理解选自杂志，年上海秋考阅读篇高题高考原卷问的是树木移植的主要原因，我们的三月摸底卷问的是请专业团队题高考原卷是对配图进行排序，第题高考原卷是四个选项中选择正确错误的选项，我们的三月摸底卷是要求判断2018届上海高考英语新题型区县学校同步练习试卷集3考虑到“充气”含义是文中比较主要的概念，因此我们的三月摸底卷在对原文处理过程中，把超纲词汇处理成了考纲词汇；高考原题在这一方面则保留了一词，配以中文解释，而全文对于一词没有处理，也没有配以中文解释，说明命题组有意考察前缀表去除、相反的含义；题目难度系数不同，如第题我们主要考察对原文细节的总结与推断，考到了一些题”原因是我们与高考属于分别命题，不互相关联，且三月摸底卷只小范围在合作教师中传播，有老师比较懊悔没有真正重视这个试卷，其实出这个试卷，从采集到修订，关于重合的原因，一方面确实做了一阶段的题目后，大致会对考题要求有一个把握，因此在翻阅各类英语原版材料的过程中，很容易找到“合眼缘”的；相比一些同样的全真模拟练习，上来两句话就可能会有两三个单词超纲，怎么敢称之为全真模拟题呢？当然另一个值得关注的点在于，本次重合的试题，摘自年月刊的（《科学美国人》）杂志，距离本次考试约半年多的时间。

之前的上海英语卷试题为了避免重题的情况，可以说是煞费苦心。

要不选自于一些犄角旮旯的资料，要不选自于一些专业性较强的书籍（如专业论文或设计学理论），要不选自于要翻墙才能看到的来源，要不选自于等需要收费才能全篇阅读的网站；《科学美秒的新年且主流杂志中的材料，是否潜在上已经增另一方面，我们的三月摸底卷仅对内部个别老师公开，并没有上传到诸如百度文库篇阅读试题，最后，有同行指出，原卷所选用的文章可能有多个来源，命题组不一定是通过《科登；这种可能性固然可能存在，但别忘了，现行高考有严格的审查过程，会有审查心的后果呢？年的高考已经落下帷幕，试题还是不对外公开，一些公众号也煞费苦心去帮忙还原真会继续不定期通过官博、后花园、邮件对外对内公开一些我们精心制作的文档材料。

2018年上海高考英语真题

2018年上海高考英语真题学校:___________姓名：___________班级：___________考号：___________一、用单词的适当形式完成短文阅读下面短文，在空白处填入1个适当的单词或括号内单词的正确形式。

A comprehensive study of 4,500 children conducted by the National Institutes of Health in 2018 shows that children who spent more than seven hours a day staring at screens showed evidence of premature thinning of their brain's cortex一the outer layer that processes sensory information. "We don't know if it 1．(cause) by the screen time. We don't know yet if it's a bad thing. It won't be until we follow them over time 2．we will see if there are outcomes that are associated with the differences that we're seeing in this single snapshot, Dr. Gaya Dowling.u What we can say is that this is 3．the brains look like of kids who spend a lot of time on screens. And it's not just one pattern."The problem isn't just screens 4．, but also the way screens tempt kids (and adults) away from something far more important: physical activity. More than 23 percent of adults and 80 percent of adolescents don't get enough physical activity, and according to a 2019 report from the World Health Organization (WHO) , these patterns of activity and rest arise 5．habits we develop early in life. u What we really need to do is 6．(bring) back play for children," says Dr. Juana Willumsen, a WHO specialist in childhood obesity and physical activity, in a statement about new WHO guidelines issued in April 2019. “ This is about making the shift from sedentary time to playtime, while 7．(protect) sleep. Of course, children aren't completely to blame for their screen addiction.Sometimes, the parents 8．complain about the role of screens in family life are just as guilty of spending too much time in front of one. A 2016 study 9．(conduct) by Common Sense Media found that parents spend up to nine hours a day in front of screens, mostly not for work-related reasons. While 78 percent of parents said they believed they were good screen time role models, the study found a disconnect between their behavior and their perception of their behavior. Parents need to limit screen time for themselves and especially for their kids一10．it means playing the bad guy. Our mental and physical health depends on it.二、选用适当的单词或短语补全短文Directions: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can onlybe used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Some Very "American" Words Come from ChineseMany of the Chinese words that are now part of English were borrowed long ago. They are most often from Cantonese(粤语)or other Chinese languages rather than Mandarin. Let's start with them.kowtowThe English word kowtow is a verb that means to agree too easily to do what someone else wants you to do, or to obey someone with power in a way that seems 11．. It comes from the Cantonese word kau tau, which means " knock your head ”. It refers to the act of kneeling and lowering one's head as a sign of respect to 12．—such as emperors, elders and leaders. In the case of emperors, the act required the person to touch their head to the ground. Britain's Lord George Macartney refused to “kau tau" to the Qianlong Emperor. Soon after, the English word "kowtow" was born. In 1793, Britain's King George III sent Lord George Macartney and other trade ambassadors to China to 13．a trade agreement. The Chinese asked them to kowtow to the Qianlong Emperor. As the story goes, Lord Macartney refused for his 14．to do more than bend their knees. He said that was all they were required to do for their own king.It is not surprising, then, that Macartney left China without negotiating the trade agreement. After that, critics used the word kowtow when anyone was too submissive to China. Today, the usage has no connection to China, nor any specific political connection.gung-hoAnother borrowed word that came about through 15．between two nations is gung-ho. In English, the word gung-ho is an adjective that means extremely excited about doing something. The Chinese characters " gong" and " he" together mean " work together, cooperate. " The original term—gongyehezudshe—means Chinese Industrial Cooperatives. The organizations were established in the 1930s by Westerners in China to promote industrial and economic development. Lt. Colonel Evans Carlson of the United States Marine Corps observed these cooperatives while he was in China. He was impressed, saying "... all the soldiers 16．themselves to one idea and worked together to put that idea over. " He then began using the term gung-ho in the Marine Corps to try to create the same spirit he had 17．. In 1942, he usedthe word as a training slogan for the 2nd Marine Raider Battalion during World War II.The men were often called the “Gung Ho Battalion". From then, the word gung-ho spread as a slogan throughout the Marine Coips. Today, its meaning has no relation to the military.typhoon In English, a typhoon is a very powerful and 18．storm that occurs around the China Sea and in the South Pacific. The word history of typhoon had a far less direct path to the English language than gung-ho. And not all historical accounts are the same. But, according to the Merriam-Webster New Book of Word Histories, the first typhoons reported in the English language were in India and were called " touffons" or "tufans". The word tufan or al-tufan is Arabic and means violent storm or flood. The English came across this word in India and boiTowed it as touffon. Later, when English ships encountered violent storms in the China Sea, Englishmen learned the Cantonese word tai fung, which means great wind. ‘‘ The wo rd's 19．to touffon is only by chance. The modern form of the word—typhoon—was influenced by the Cantonese but 20．to make it appear more Greek.三、完形填空When 17-year-old Quattro Musser hangs out with friends, they don't drink beer or cruise around in cars with their dates. 21 , they stick to G-rated activities such as rock- climbing or talking about books.They are in good company, according to a new study showing that teenagers are increasingly delaying activities that had long been seen as rites of passage into 22 . The study, published Tuesday in the journal Child Development, found that the percentage of adolescents in the U. S. who have a driver's license, who have tried alcohol, who date, and who work for pay has plummeted since 1976, with the most precipitous (急剧的) 23 in the past decade. The declines appeared across race, geographic, and socioeconomic lines, and in rural, urban, and suburban areas.To be sure, more than half of teens still engage in these activities, but the 24 have slimmed considerably. Teens have also reported a steady decline in sexual activity in recent decades, as the portion of high school students who have had sex fell from 54 percent in 1991 to 41 percent in 2015, according to Centers for Disease Control statistics. u People say, 'Oh, it's because teenagers are more responsible, or more lazy, or more boring, ' but they're 25the larger trend," said Jean Twenge, lead author of the study, which drew on seven largetime-lag surveys of Americans. Rather, she said, kids may be less 26 in activities suchas dating, driving or getting jobs because in today's society, they no longer need to.According to an evolutionary psychology theory that a person's "life strategy" slows down or speeds up depending on his or her 27 , exposure to a "harsh and unpredictable" environment leads to faster development, while a more resource-rich and secure environment has the 28 effect, the study said. In the first 29 , "You'd have a lot of kids and be in survival mode, start having kids young, expect your kids will have kids young, and expect that there will be more 30 and fewer resources, " said Twenge, a psychology professor at San Diego State University who is the author of "iGen：Why Today's Super- Connected Kids Are Growing Up Less Rebellious, More Tolerant, Less Happy-and Completely Unprepared for Adulthood."In that model a teenage boy might be thinking more 31 about marriage, and driving a car and working for pay would be important for “ establishing mate value based on procurement of resources," the study said. But America is shifting more toward the 32 model, and the change is apparent across the socioeconomic spectrum, Twenge said. u Even in families whose parents didn't have a college education. . . families are smaller, and the idea that children need to be carefully 33 has really sunk in. ‘‘ The 34 of 41 adult activities'' could not be attributed to more homework or extracurricular activities, the study said, noting that teens today spend fewer hours on homework and the same amount of time on extracurriculars as they did in the 1990 s (with the exception of community service, which has risen slightly). Nor could the use of smartphones and the Internet be entirely the 35 , the report said, since the decline began before they were widely available. If the delay is to make room for creative exploration and forming better social and emotional connections, it is a good thing, he said.21．A．Therefore B．Rather C．Moreover D．Besides 22．A．childhood B．neighborhood C．adolescents D．adulthood 23．A．escapes B．ends C．decreases D．changes 24．A．minorities B．majorities C．masses D．amounts 25．A．taking B．avoiding C．sending D．missing 26．A．interested B．envied C．relieved D．realized 27．A．emotions B．surroundings C．customs D．habits 28．A．wrong B．same C．opposite D．similar 29．A．event B．issue C．case D．occasion30．A．trouble B．questions C．benefits D．diseases 31．A．respectively B．delicately C．seriously D．considerably 32．A．slower B．better C．smaller D．faster 33．A．emphasized B．related C．organized D．educated 34．A．implement B．postponement C．achievement D．payment 35．A．cause B．impact C．fact D．result四、阅读选择Bitcoin and other so-called cryptocurrencies （加密货币）have been all over the news lately. Apparently, the idea of money that's not tied to a specific bank—or a specific country—is appealing to many. But it's worth remembering that the banking system that we now all live with is just that：A modern invention. Not so long ago, money was almost always created and used locally, and bartering was common. （In fact, it still is common among many online local networks, like the Buy Nothing Project.）.In the past, money's makeup varied from place to place, depending on what was considered valuable there. So while some of the world's first coins were made from a naturally occurring hybrid of gold and silver called electrum （银金矿），objects other than coins have served as currency, including beads, ivory, livestock, and cowrie shells. In West Africa, bracelets of bronze or copper were used as cash, especially if the transaction was associated with the slave trade there. Throughout the colonial period, tobacco was used to replace coins or paper bills in Virginia, Maryland and North Carolina, even though it was used elsewhere in the colonies and extensively throughout Europe and the U. K.Today, on an island in the Pacific, a specific type of shell still serves as currency—and some people there are even hoarding（贮存）it, just like Bitcoin moguls, convinced that one day, it will make them wealthy beyond imagination. On Malaita, the most-populated island that's part of the Solomon Islands, shells are accepted at most places in exchange for goods."How much tuna（金枪鱼）you can get for your shells depends on their color and shape," Mary Bruno, a shop owner from the small town of Auki, on Malaita, told Vice. "One strip of darker shells might get you about two cans of smaller tuna, but the red ones are worth more. For the red ones, one strip might get enough tuna to feed a big family for a long time."Just like a mint that creates coins, there's only one place on the island where the shells, which are polished and strung together to form 3-foot-long ropes, are made. The strips of red,white, and black shells all come from Langa Langa Lagoon, where artificial islands were long-ago built by locals to escape from the island-dwelling cannibals. Once marooned（困住）out on their islands, locals needed a currency to use among themselves, and so the shell currency was born.Using shells for money was common throughout the Pacific islands as late as the early 1900s, but Malaita is unique in that they are still used today. And just like cryptocurrencies, there are those who think the islanders are smart to invest in this type of money, which is reported to have risen in value over the last three decades. It might seem strange to hoard a bunch of processed, strung-together shells, but what is a pile of dollars? Just a specially printed piece of paper and hemp that we've assigned value to—and probably less durable over time than those shells.36．According to the passage, which of the following is TRUE?A．Money was created and was widely used in the world.B．Tobacco was used as coins or paper bills in American in the past.C．The ingredients of world’s first coins may be the combination of gold and silver. D．Using shells for money has been out of date in the world.37．The word "mint" in paragraph 5 is closest in the meaning to .A．a kind of money that can exchangeB．the leaves of a mint plant used fresh or candiedC．a place to produce and polish shellsD．a factory that produces currency38．What's opinion of the author towards shells for money?A．Reasonable. B．Imaginary.C．Convenient. D．Inventive.39．Which of the following might be the best title of the passage?A．The History of BitcoinB．Shells Still MoneyC．The Currency Is of Great UseD．Some ShellsMoving a GiantThe logistics of excavating(挖掘)and relocating a town's century-old, living sequoia(红杉)tree. Inhabitants of Boise, Idaho, watched with trepidation earlier this year as the city's oldest, tallest resident moved two blocks. The 105-year-old sequoia tree serves as a local landmark, not only for its longevity but also because renowned naturalist and Sierra Club cofounder John Muir provided the original seedling. So, when Saint Luke's Health System found that the 10-story-tall conifer(针叶树)stood stood in the way of its planned hospital expansion, officials called tree-moving firm Environmental Design.The Texas-based company has developed and patented scooping and lifting technology to move massive trees. Weighing in at more than 800,000 pounds, the Boise sequoia is its largest undertaking yet. "I (had) lost enough sleep over this," says David Cox, the company's Western region vice president—and that was before the hospital mentioned the tree's distinguished origin. Before the heavy lifting began, the team assessed the root system and dug afive-foot-deep cylinder, measuring 40 feet in diameter, around the trunk to protect all essential roots. After encapsulating the root ball in wire mesh, the movers allowed the tree to adapt to its new situation for seven months before relocating it. The illustration details what followed. —Leslie Nemo1. Mark A．Merit and his team at Environmental Design installed underneath the root balla platform of seven-inch-diameter, 44-foot-Iong steelbars and, just below the rods, a first set of uninflated airbags (shown in gray). The team also dug a shallow ramp.2. In roughly 15 minutes, the movers inflated the airbags to about three feet in diameter to raise the root ball to the surface of the hole.3. By underinflating the front bags, the team allowed the platform carrying the tree to roll up the ramp and out of the hole while staying level. A trailer hauled the tree along as team members removed the airbags from the back of the platform and replaced them in the front. They repeated the process until the tree arrived at the edge of its new home.4. There a second set of partially inflated bags (shown in white) waited inside the hole. Soil surrounding the sequoia in its original location was relocated as well, because trees are more likely to survive a transplant when they move with their original soil.5. Using the first set of airbags, the movers rolled the platform into the new hole.6. The bags waiting there were then inflated further to take the weight of the sequoia while the transportation bags were deflated and removed from under the tree.7. The white bags were then deflated in about half an hour to lower the sequoia's root ball to the bottom of its hole. The bags were removed, but the metal bars were left with the tree because they rust and degrade over a number of years.8. For the next five years the local park service will monitor and maintain the tree in its new home.40．Which of the following words can be used to replace the words underlined " stood in the way of" ?A．Resisted. B．Balanced.C．Blocked. D．Promoted.41．What is the reason for the relocation of Sequoia trees?A．Because the Scooping and lifting technology should be put into use.B．Because it blocks local hospital expansion plans.C．Because it corresponds to government’s pl an of Environmental Design.D．Because sequoia trees are over a hundred years old.42．How will the migrated sequoia trees be dealt with?A．They will be given new soil in the new living environment.B．Metal rods used to move sequoia trees will not be left on the trees.C．They will be kept in transport bags all the time.D．They will be managed by specialists in the next five years.Understand the Economic Concept of a Budget LineThe term “budget line" has several related meanings, including a couple that areself-evident and a third that is not.The Budget Line as an Informal Consumer UnderstandingThe budget line is an elementary concept that most consumers understand intuitively without a need for graphs and equations—it's the household budget, for example.Taken informally, the budget line describes the boundary of affordability for a given budget and specific goods.Given a limited amount of money, a consumer can only spend that same amount buying goods. If the consumer has X amount of money and wants to buy two goods A and B, she can only purchase goods totaling X. If the consumer needs an amount of A costing 0. 75 X, she can then spend only 0. 25 X, the amount remaining, on her purchase of B．This seems almost too obvious to bother writing or reading about. As it turns out, however, this same concept——one that most consumers make many times each day with reflecting on it—is the basis of the more formal budget line concept in economics, which is explained below.Lines in a BudgetBefore turning to t he economics definition of “budget line" , consider another concept: the line-item budget. This is effectively a map of future expenditures, with all the constituent expenditures individually noted and quantified. There's nothing very complicated about this；in this usage, a budget line is one of the lines in the budget, with the service or good to be purchased named and the cost quantified.The Budget Line as an Economics ConceptOne of the interesting ways the study of economics relates to human behavior generally is that a lot of economic theory is the formalization of the kind of simple concept outlined above— a consumer's informal understanding of the amount she has to spend and what that amount will buy.In the process of formalization, the concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation that can be applied generally.A Simple Budget Line GraphTo understand this, think of a graph where the vertical lines quantify how many movietickets you can buy and where the horizontal lines do the same for crime novels. You like going to the movies and reading crime novels and you have $ 150 to spend. In the example below, assume that each movie costs $ 10 and each crime novel costs $ 15. The more formal economics term for these two items is budget set.If movies cost $ 10 each, then the maximum number of movies you can see with the money available is 15. To note this you make a dot at the number 15 (for total movie tickets) at the extreme left-hand side of the chart. This same dot appears at the extreme left above "0" on the horizontal axis because you have no money left for books—the number of books available in this example is 0.You can also graph the other extreme—all crime novels and no movies. Since crime novels in the example cost $ 15 and you have $ 150 available, if you spend all the available money crime novels, you can buy 10. So you put a dot on the horizontal axis at the number 10.You'll place the dot at the bottom of the vertical axis because in this instance you have $ 0 available for movie tickets.If you now draw a line from the highest, leftmost dot to the lowest, rightmost dot you'll have created a budget line. Any combination of movies and crime novels that falls below the budget line is affordable. Any combination above it is not.43．Which sentence about the budget line is NOT TRUE?A．It is a limitation of affordability for a given budget and specific goods.B．Most costumers will be confused with this concept because of its complex.C．It is the effectively a map of future expenditures.D．It can be expressed as a mathematical equation.44．What is the purpose of the passage?A．To tell us any concept can be expressed as a mathematical equation.B．To help us figure out the meaning Budget Line.C．To tell us we should budget before we buy goods.D．To give an instruction of drawing a budget Line.45．Assume that each movie costs $ 10 and each crime novel costs $ 15, you have $ 150.Which is RIGHT according to this passage?A．The maximum number of movies you can see is 10.B．The maximum number of crime novels you can buy is 15.C．You can buy 7 crime novels and see 5 movies.D．You can buy 7 crime novels and see 4 movies.46．What is the best title of this passage?A．Are we really know the economic concept of a budget line?B．The Budget Line as an Economics ConceptC．The Budget Line as an Informal Consumer UnderstandingD．The Complex Concept—Budget Line五、六选四Magazine Articles: More Valuable Than You May ThinkParents are often surprised when teachers suggest their children read magazines. Read on to learn about the benefits that reading magazines offers to young readers and how to introduce your children to the medium.Magazine BenefitsMagazine articles can provide reluctant readers with a lively, breezy writing style that can inspire them to read more.The articles in magazines are generally short, which allows a child to finish reading a feature article without losing interest due to a short attention span. The writing in magazines also tends to be easy to read, especially if it is a children's publication.By allowing your child to read magazines at an early age, you are encouraging development of a useful skill.47．Getting into the habit of reading periodicals as a child will foster the habit of reading news articles that may continue into adulthood.48．Magazine articles challenge students to think about issues they may have never considered or cause them to rethink their world view. Information is available in a wide variety of reading levels because magazines are written for every audience imaginable. Many publications cover the same material in different writing styles that might make it easier for your child to comprehend.Magazine ActivitiesReading magazines as a family can be used to introduce each other to the various interests that each family member possesses. When your children are finished with their magazines, encourage them to pass their issue on to a sibling or other family member.Once each family member has finished reading each magazine, you can use them for art and writing projects. These projects are for family members of all ages:1. Cut out pictures to help your preschool and kindergarten children learn their alphabet, numbers, and colors.2.49．Paste the picture at the top of a page and have them write a story about what is happening or what the picture represents.3. Clip pictures to create a collage. Many teenagers love using their artistic talents to collage.50．The skills that students utilize and strengthen when reading magazines can be applied to higher level reading and other academic subjects. Encouraging your child to read by giving them a magazine subscription could cause them to take the leap from being a reluctant N reader to a voracious page-turner.A．The format of magazines enables children to be exposed to a wide variety of subjects. B．Magazines and newspapers provide adults with critical news.C．Being exposed to magazines and newspapers benefits you a lot.D．Keep interesting magazine pictures to give children story ideas.E.Magazines are valuable assets for many people, but in particular to children.F.Magazines and newspapers are expensive now but out of style.六、概要写作51．Directions: Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Becoming an Attractive EmployeeThe 2008 financial crisis created an unstable job market. Fast-forward to the present, and the economy has not fully recovered. Thus, it’s of vital importance for job seekers to carefully strategize their approach to job application. And it’s especially important for those new to the work force. They should look at making themselves as attractive as possible to employers.For young people, information technology skills will play an increasing role in the future. As the generation to have grown up in the Information Age, they are quite confident when it comes to showing off their interests and skills in this field. This makes them a natural fit for companies seeking expertise(专业技能)in technology, marketing and networking. They should emphasize these skills when applying for jobs that require the ability to multitask.Another attractive quality is experience. It is important that an applicant's resume list any activities that involved teamwork and goal-driven responsibilities. Membership in a sports orsocial club and participation as a volunteer are good examples of this. These activities involve goal management and planning along with the ability to focus while competing on a team. When hiring committees see this, they see a candidate who is capable of working in a variety of environments.Finally, an attractive quality when job-hunting is a great attitude toward a potential job. Young job seekers are known to be overconfident because they have been praised for everything they have done. But they must realize that the employment market is about how an employee will be a good fit for a company, not the other way around.In fact, in an interview, an important question to ask is: "What would be expected of me as an employee?" In today's tough job market, young job seekers need to provide a potential employer with good reasons to hire them.___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________________ __________________七、汉译英（整句）52．我看到他换上徒步鞋，走向草坪。

2018届上海市各高中学校高三英语试题分类汇编--六选四(带答案精准校对提高版)

Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences listed below. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.An Iowa high school counselor gets a call from a parent protesting the “C” her child received on an assignment. “The parent argued every point in the essay,” recalls the counselor, who soon realized why the mother was so disappointed about the grade. “______67______”In a survey, 90% of new teachers agreed that involving pare nts in their children’s education is a priority at their school, but only 25％described their experience working with parents as “very satisfying.” _____68______73％of new teachers said too many parents treat schools and teachers as enemies.At a time when competition is rising and resources are limited, when battles over testing force schools to adjust their priorities, when cell phones and e-mail speed up the information flow and all kinds of private ghosts and public quarrels slip into the parent-teacher c onference, it’s harder for both sides to step back and breathe deeply and look at the goals they share. _____69_____ But what most teachers feel, and certainly what all parents feel, is anxiety and panic.When a teacher asks parents to be partners, he or she doesn't necessarily mean Mom or Dad should be camping in the classroom. _____70______According to research based on the NationalEducation Longitudinal Study, a sample of nearly 25,000 eighth graders, among four main areas of parental involvement (home discussion, home supervision. school communication, and school participation), home discussion was the most strongly related to academic achievement.Keys: 67-70 D E A FSection CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences listed below. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.Guns have a special place in American culture, and though not everyone agrees on whether or not they are a good thing, there is no mistaking that they will be part of the cultural landscape for some time. To answer the question, no, not everyone has a gun._____67_____.Americans use guns for one of two uses: either for sport, where they can use them on firing ranges or for hunting in approved areas, or for self-protection. The latter is where most people begin lo take sides, either arguing for the removal of guns from society or allowing more people to have hem. There are organizations and community groups for both sides and both sides have strong feelings.Legally, there are restrictions on gun owners._____68_____.Only certain kinds of weapons can be purchased by the public, and that excludes automatic weapon and military grade weaponryGun owners must transport their weapon in a safe way, unloaded and in most cases, out of sight. Special—concealed carry permits from the police station must be obtained for people who want to wear weapon, and most people are rejected for this kind of permit. ______69______. Criminals steal guns or buy them illegally to commit crimes, and the news is foil of terrible stories of what happened next. Occasionally a child will get a hold of legal weapon and accidentally hurt themselves or others.It is important to remember, however, that the news stories that make the United States seem like a dangerous place are deceiving; guns are not everywhere or constant.______70_____. After all. America is a safe place to live.Keys: 67-70 DAFCSection CDirections: Fill in each blank in the article with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note there are tow more sentences than you need.Globalization has significantly influenced food consumption in most parts of world, but one country whose food has a long history of being globalized is Italy. If you walk down any main street in any major world city, you will find at least one Italian restaurant. Furthermore, Italy hasseen changes in its own eating habits due to influence from other countries.Food has always been very important for Italian families. Italians take a lot of pride in the making and preparation of food. Until recently, pasts---a basic Italian food--- would have been made by people in their local area. Families would also have made the sauces to eat with the pasta at home._______67_______.Nowadays, however, Italian eating habits appear to have changed. People no longer spend so much time preparing their meals. Indeed, frozen or takeaway Italian meals have become very popular in Italy. Furthermore, dried pasta is now mass-produced and sold relatively cheaply in the last five years, according to one manufacturer. _______68_____. This trend is more common in urban areas such as Rome, Milan and Venice, although many smaller towns are also experiencing similar changes.These changes have both advantages and disadvantages. On the plus side, globalization has increased the range of food available in Italy. Italians now have much more choice in terms of what they eat. They also do not need to spend so long preparing and making food, unless of course they want to. In contrast, it can be argued that large restaurant chains are becoming increasingly powerful, resulting in the destruction of local and national specialties. _______69______._______70_______. Convenience foods have replaced many of the traditional home-cooked meals, and the availability of foreign fruits has greatly increased. While this extra choice is welcomed by some, others fear that the damage it may cause to Italian traditions.Keys: 67-70 C D B FSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.B.C.E.F.“My work is done.” Those words were some of the last penned by George Eastman. He included them in his suicide note. They mark an ignoble end to a noble life, the leave taking of a truly great man. The same words could now be said for the company he left behind. Actually, the Eastman Kodak Company is through. It has been mismanaged financially, technologically and competitively. ______67______. One of America’s bedrock brands is about to disappear, the Kodak moment has passed.But George Eastman is not how he died, and the Eastman Kodak Company is not how it is being killed. Though the ends be needless and premature, they must not be allowed to overshadow the greatness that came before. Few companies have done so much good for so many people, or defined and lifted so profoundly the spirit of a nation and perhaps the world. ______68______.Kodak served mankind through entertainment, science, national defense and the stockpiling of family memories. Kodak took us to the top of Mount Suribachi and to the Sea of Tranquility. It introduced us to the merry old Land of Oz and to stars from Charlie Chaplin to John Wayne, and Elizabeth Taylor to Tom Hanks. _____69_____. When that sailor kissed the nurse, and when the spy planes saw missiles in Cuba, Kodak was the eyes of a nation. From the deck of the Missouri to the grandeur of Monument Valley, Kodak took us there. Virtually every significant image of the 20th Century is a gift to generation from the Eastman Kodak Company. _____70_____. Yes, there were photographers, and for relatively large sums of money they would take unnatural pictures in studios and formal settings. But most people couldn’t afford photographs, and so all they had to remember distant loved ones, or earlier times of their lives, was memory. Children could not know what their parents had looked like as young people, grandparents far away might never learn what their grandchildren looked like. Eastman Kodak allowed memory to move from the uncertainty ofrecollection, to the permanence of a photograph. But it wasn’t just people whose features were savable; it was events, the precious times that families cherish. The Kodak moment, was humanity’s moment.Keys: 67-70 DFACSection CDirections: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Choosing the right job is probably one of the most important decisions we have to make in life, and it is frequently one of the hardest decisions we have to make. One important question that you might ask yourself is “How do I get a good job?”_______67______.There are people who can answer an insignificant advertisement in the local paper and land the best job in the world; others write to all sorts of places all over the country, and never seem to get a reply at all．Still others believe that the in person, door-to-door approach is by far the best way to get a job; and then there are those who, through no active decision of their own, just seem to be in the right place at the right time．______68_______. He used to spend a lot of his free time down by the sea watching the tall ships, but never thinking that he might one day sail one of them．His father was a farmer, and being a sailor could never be anything for the boy but an idle dream．One day, on his usual wandering, he heard the captain of the ship complaining that he could not sail because one member of his crew was sick．Without stopping to think, the lad（少年）offered to take his place．_____69______._______70______. If the lad had gone home to ponder（考虑）his decision for a week, he may have missed his chance．It is one thing to be offered an opportunity; it is another thing to take it and use it well.Sometimes we hear stories about people who break all the rules and still seem to land plum jobs（美差）．When you go for a job interview or fill out an application, you are expected to say nice things about the company to which you are applying．But there was one person who landed an excellent job by telling the interviewer all the company’s faults. :And within a year this person had become general manger of the company.Keys: 67-70 BDAFSection CDirections:Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two sentences than you need.This is a dangerous world we live in.The number of murders goes up every year,people are dying of cancer, more people contract（感染）HIV,more teens are using drugs,etc.You know this because you've heard all the statistics on the news and in the paper. _____67______. The numbers are going up,but how do they compare to the growth in population? Are more cases of these diseases being reported because of better testing techniques,or are the diseases more common?The fact is that without knowing the background statistics mean very little.______68______. For example,several years ago a high school student reported the dangersof the chemical known as dihydrogen monoxide（一氧化二氢）.This chemical,found in most cancerous umors（肿瘤）,is often found in the blood of people drunk on alcohol,and causes complete physical and mental dependence for those who take the chemical even once.After reading his report,more than 75% of his Advanced Placement Chemistry class voted to forbid this dangerous chemical!Every one of the above statements is true,yet this chemical is necessary to all life on earth.The students made the mistake because they voted knowing only a few statements and statistics,rather than the chemical's full background._______69______. When one finds a new fact or number,one should try to consider other important information before forming an opinion with only half-truths.Always remember that the author is trying to convince you of his or her own view,and will leave out information that is different to his view.For example,look again at the statistics that suggest skiing is safe.Only people may die each year when skiing,while 897 die from lightning strikes,but which is really the most dangerous?If you think about it,you realize far fewer people go skiing each year than the number of people who are in danger of a lightening strike.When you think about it,skiing is more dangerous than you might at first think when looking at statistics. ______70_____. To be warned is to be prepared.Keys: BCFESection CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Today’s workplace is unique in history. Never before have we seen people working together who represent such different backgrounds and experiences. This difference of age, race, gender, and work style makes it very difficult to organize and run a company.________67_______. Increasingly, managers are discovering that age differences among workers are a major cause of concern.This has been an important realization. The management difficulties and challenges have led some experts to study intergenerational differences for an understanding of problems in the workplace. What they have discovered is interesting and may provide ways of improving working conditions in companies that employ individuals from different generations.The first thing to realize, they say, is that differences of opinion about the importance of work and how to get work done are not a coincidence. _______68_______. In fact, if employers do not pay attention to these differences, it is possible that anger will build up between people and lead to difficulties in the company.Resentment (仇恨) between members of different generations, if not attended to, can lead to extreme anger and unhappiness and even lasting enmity(敌意) if people are not careful. ________69_______. It is natural for individuals from the same generation to form alliances (联盟), to come together for protection. Different generations represent different experiences in life, and these lead naturally to different opinions about oneself and one’s approaches to work.If you were raised in a time of plenty, when products were readily available and relatively inexpensive, you would believe that prosperity is natural and expectable. If, on the other hand, you were raised in a time of scarcity, you would always be careful not to waste things for fear you would not have enough. You would make angry people who seem to believe that problems will always solve themselves. ________70________. It is difficult, in such circumstances, to achieve a happy, agreeable atmosphere in the workplace.Keys: 67-70 C A F DSection C.Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two extra sentences than you need.As recently as 15 years ago, if you wanted to catch up on the news, you could look at a handful of publications or a few nightly programs. And if you wanted to listen to music, you could turn on MTV or fiddle with your radio. People in major cities had more opinions, because a large population can support specialty shops. _______67______ .Today, as we all know, access to information has exploded. One consequence, according to Toure, a cultural critic writing in Salon, is that the ability of pop culture to unify us- he refers to the massive interest in Michael Jackso n’s Thriller, or Nirvana’s Never mind-has been eroded, probably forever. Steven Hyden, also writing in Salon, counters that whatever the advantages and disadvantages of a centralized pop-culture authority, the monoculture never actually existed._______68______. Even when it supposedly existed, its content largely depended on other characteristics of your little corner of the world. In the 1992-1993 school year, I was a student at a multiracial and relatively urban junior high school in California’s central valley. We listened to Salt-n-Pepa, Snoop Doggy Dogg, and Kris Kross, with the latter having inspired a trend in which kids wore their clothes backwards. The next year I was enrolled in a mostly white junior high school in leafy Chiago suburb. One of the houses was famous for having appeared in the 1990 film “Home Alone”; the popular bands were Nirvana, Hole and the Smashing Pumpkins; and the biggest pop- cultural event of the school year was Kurt Cobain’s suicide.But Toure’s point is about the virtues of common cultural experience. It seems he is recallingcentralized media only insofar as it’s a distribution system that fostered that outcome. _______69_______. It doesn’t matter whether a record is released by an important label or an indie (独立制片人); if it’s online, people can usually find, forward,share and promote it. But what’s interesting and perhaps surprising, given that both Toure and Mr Hyden seem to agree that the old distribution favored big media- is that we still have widely shared cultural experiences. Just think of Barack Obama doing the little hand gesture from Beyoncé’s “Single Ladies ” video._______70_______. It’s safe to say that the monoculture never really existed,and that some artists still reach a wide audience, whether we like it or not.Keys: 67-70 BDFASection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur (诋毁) on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let theteenagers see that they are annoyed. ______67______. Such a loss of dignity and a kind of childish behavior on the part of the adults deeply shocks the teenager, and makes them decide that in future they will not talk to their parents about the place or people they visit. Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves.Disillusionment(醒悟) with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable.______68______. Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much belief their children usually have in their character and correctness, and how much this faith means to a child. If parents were prepared for this teen-aged reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation and independent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by offending and resisting it. The teenagers, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. ______69______.Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating（伪装）behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too frightened to let them know how they really felt. ______70______. It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.Keys: 67-80 FBEDSection CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentenceThe war on smoking, now five decades old and counting, is one of the nation's greatest public health success stories - but not for everyone.As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than two in ten do._______67_______.Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan.11,1964, by the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. Its finding that smoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was major news then. The hazards of smoking were just starting to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually an anti-smoking movement that shifted the nation's attitude on smoking. Then, smokers were cool. Today,many are outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even their own workplaces. Millions of lives have been saved.The formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air public service ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke-free laws. _______68______. If you can stop them from smoking, you've won the war. Few people start smoking after turning 19._______69______. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $2.42 on every pack -- three times the average tax in the states with the highest smoking rates.New York has the highest cigarette tax in the country, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 percent of teens smoke, far below the national average of 18 percent. Compare that with Kentucky, where taxes are low (60 cents), smoking restrictions are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York's. Other low-tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor.______70_______. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start.Anti-smoking forces have plenty to celebrate this week, having helped avoid 8 million premature deaths in the past 50 years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won.Keys: 67-70 DFACSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.It is a truth universally acknowledged that Pride and Prejudice by English novelist Jane Austen is one of the most popular. tales ever written. ______67______. In her own time, Austen's name never appeared on her books.In Pride and Prejudice, she was simply the author of Sense and Sensibility, which had carried the title By a Lady." The anonymity (匿名）worked so well that even friends of the Austen family had no idea that dear, sweet Jane was a novelist. A friend of Jane's brother Henry actually told him that Pride and Prejudice was "much too clever to be the work of a woman."______68______. Tom Paine, a Founding Father of the United States, kept his identity hidden for a short time after the publication of his famous Common Sense. For a woman, however, there was the added burden of societal expectations. Any sort of publishing or public display of talent was considered improper behavior for a woman. As Virginia Woolf, another English writer, declared in A Room of One's Own: "I would dare to guess that Anon, who wrote so many poems without signing them, was often a woman."It wasn't only fear about "bad manners" that discouraged women from writing under theirown names._______69_______. Charlotte Bronte author of Jane Eyre, once sent her poetry to Robert Southey, a famous poet. Southey simply responded: "Literature cannot be the business of a woman's life." Bronte used her pen name, Currer Bell, to publish Jane Eyre in 1847. Her sister Emily published Wuthering Heights as Ellies Bell in the same year.The 20th century saw great progress towards gender equality. In theory, it should be unnecessary for women writers to follow Austen's path any longer, unless driven by personal reasons._______70______. Joanne Rowling, author of the Harry Potter novels, was advised to become J.K. Rowling. That's because boys might dislike the feeling of picking up a book by a woman, Connie Ann Kirk explained in her biography (传记)of Rowling.Keys: 67-70 F C B DSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The use of mobile wallet is growing. In fact, total mobile transaction is expected to increase almost 32% from 2016-2017 globally, to USD1.35 trillion in 2017, according to a study by Juniper Research.______67______. In a study released by Discover Global Network and 451 Research, 52percent of respondents aged 25-34 say they believe mobile payments are more secure than traditional credit cards. But just 24 percent of respondents aged 55 and older say they can rest assured.So, how can retailers and wallet providers build a foundation of trust and begin to shift consumer perceptions? One word: tokenization（标记化）.Tokenization is the process of substituting a cardholder’s 16-digit account number with a payment token. Payment tokens limit the impact of a data breach（破坏）because tokens are limited to use on specific devices, for specific merchants, for specific types of goods and services. If a data breach occurs, the payment token is immediately removed and replaced with a new one. _____68_____.Here are three benefits to tokenization you should begin educating your consumers on:1. Restricted control limit usage of each payment token to a specific merchant. _____69______.Thus, its value can be reduced to hackers seeking to commit online fraud(欺诈).2. Payment tokens can reduce the need for cardholders to manually update their payment information when their card number changes. If a merchant stores tokens instead of PANs on their e-commerce site and the customer’s payment card is lost, stolen or expired, the payment token automatically updates on the customer’s merchant profile.3. _______70______. By storing payment tokens instead of the customer’s card number, the customer only needs to enter his or her CVV or CV2 number to complete the transaction.Keys: 67-70 A D F ESection CDirections:After reading the passage below, choose the best answers from the six statements according to what you have just read.In the 19th century, millions of European went to the USA because they wanted to find a better life. Many of them couldn’t find work in cities like New York. ______67______. The people, called settlers, travelled west through the mountains on the Oregon Trail.Some of these people hoped to find gold in California. The journey sometimes took more than one year. There are a lot of films, called Westerns, about the settlers on the trail. In most of the film, we see the Native Americans (American Indians) attacking the settlers, and the “Indians” killing many white people. ______68_____. In fact, most of them were very helpful to the settlers.It is true that the settlers’ journey was extremely difficult. Many of them walked 3,200 kilometres, the whole length of the trail. The had wagons, but the wagons were often too full, so people could not travel in them. ______69______. The people were very poor and many did not even have shoes— they walked the whole trail barefoot, in extremely could temperature.More than 50,000 people, including many women and children, died on the trail. A lot of people died from illnesses like cholera, because the drinking water wasn’t clean.______70______. Many people died under the wheels of wagons, for example, and from accidental gunshots.Keys: 67-70 DFEBSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.“Opinion” is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of tas te, belief, and judgment. This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didn’t attach too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most believe it is of great importance. “I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours,” and “Everyone’s entitled to his opinion,” are common expressions. _______67______.Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge another’s opinion? It depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind. For example, you may ask a friend “What do you t hink of the new Ford cars?” And he may reply, “In my opinion, they’re ugly.” In this case, it would not only be intolerant to challenge his statement, but foolish. ______68______. And as the old saying goes, “It’s pointless to argue about matters of taste.”But consider this very different use of the term, a newspaper reports that the Supreme Court has delivered its opinion in a controversial(有争议的) case. ______69______ They stated their considered judgment, painstakingly arrived at after thorough inquiry and careful consideration.Most of what is referred to as opinion falls somewhere between these two extremes. It is not an expression of taste. Nor is it careful judgment. Yet it may contain elements of both. It is a view or belief more or less casually arrived at, with or without examining the evidence.______70______Of course, this is not only permitted, but guaranteed. We are free to act on our opinions only so long as, in doing so, we do not harm others.Keys: 67-70 BAECSection CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.。

2018届上海市各高中学校高三英语试题分类汇编--阅读理解A篇--学生版(精确校对)

Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The Paris climate agreement finalized in December last year heralded a new era for climate action. For the first time, the world’s nations agreed to keep global warming well below2℃.This is vital for climate-vulnerable nations. Fewer than 4% of countries are responsible for more than half of the world’s greenhouse gas emissions. In a study published in Nature Scientific Reports, we reveal just how deep this injustice runs.Developed nations such as Australia, the United States, Canada, and European countries are essentially climate “free-riders”: causing the majority of the problems through high greenhouse gas emissions, while incurring few of the costs such as climate change’s impact on food and water. In other words, a few countries are benefiting enormously from the consumption of fossil fuels, while at the same time contributing disproportionately to the global burden of climate change.On the flip side, there are many “forced riders”, who are suffering from the climate change impacts despite having scarcely contributed to the problem. Many of the world’s most climate-vulnerable countries, the majority of which are African of small island states, produce a very small quantity of emissions. This is much like a non-smoker getting cancer from second-hand smoke, while the heavy smoker is fortunate enough to smoke in good health.The Pairs agreement has been widely hailed as a positive step forward in addressing climate change for all, although the details on addressing “climate justice” can be best described as sketchy.The goal of keeping global temperature rise “well below”2℃is commendable but the emissions-reduction pledges submitted by countries leading up to the Pairs talks are very unlikely to deliver on this.More than $100 billion in funding has been put on the table for supporting developing nations to reduce emissions. However, the agreement specifies that there is no formal distinction between developed and developing nations in their responsibility to cut emissions, effectively ignoring historical emissions. There is also very little detail on who will provide the funds or,importantly, who is responsible for their provision. Securing these funds, and establishing who is responsible for raising them will also be vital for the future of climate-vulnerable countries.The most climate-vulnerable countries in the world have contributed very little to creating the global disease from which they now suffer the most. There must urgently be a meaningful mobilization of the polices outlined in the agreement if we are to achieve national emission reductions while helping the most vulnerable countries adapt to climate change.And it is clearly up to the current generation of leaders from high-emitting nations to decide whether they want to be remembered as climate change tyrants or pioneers.56. The author is critical of the Paris climate agreement because_____________.A) it is unfair to those climate-vulnerable nationsB) it aims to keep temperature rise below 2℃ onlyC) it is beneficial to only fewer than 4% of countriesD) it burdens developed countries with the sole responsibility.57.Why does the author compare the “forced riders” to second-hand smokers?A) They have little responsibility for public health problems.B) They are vulnerable to unhealthy environmental conditions.C) They have to bear consequences they are not responsible for.D) They are unaware of the potential risks they are confronting.58.What does the author say about the $100 billion funding?A) It will motivate all nations to reduce carbon emissions.B) There is no final agreement on where it will come from.C) There is no clarification of how the money will be spent.D) It will effectively reduce greenhouse emissions worldwide.59. What urgent action must be taken to realize the Paris climate agreement?A) Encouraging high-emitting nations to take the initiative.B) Calling on all the nations concerned to make joint efforts.C) Pushing the current world leaders to come to a consensus.D) Putting in effect the policies in the agreement at once.Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Away from home, and eating is more than just a way to keep your stomach full. It is a language all its own, and no words can say ‚“Glad to meet you…glad to be doing business with you…” quite like sharing a meal offered by your heart.Clearly, mealtime is not the time for you to say. “ Thanks, but no thanks.” Acceptance of the host, country, and company. So, no matter how difficult it may be to swallow, swallow. Or, as one experienced traveler says, “Travel with a cast-iron stomach and eat everything everywhere.”Often, the food offered represents proudly your host country’s proudest cooking achievement .What would America think of a French person who refused to take a bite of homemade apple pie or sizzling steak? Our discomfort comes not so much from the thing itself; it comes from our unfamiliarity with it. After all, an oyster has remarkably the same look as a sheep’s eye, and a first something you dip in butter and eat. By the way, in Saudi Arabia sheep’s eyes are a delicacy, in par ts of China it’s bear’s paw soup.Can you refuse such food without being rude? Most experienced business travelers say no, at least not before taking at least a few bites. It helps, though, to slice any item very thin. This way, you minimize the texture—gristly（软骨的）,slimy（粘滑的）and so on---and the reminder of where it came from. Or, “Swallow it quickly.” as one traveler recommends, “I still can’t tell you what sheep’s eyeballs taste like.” As for dealing with taste, the old line that “it tastes just like chicken” is often thankfully true. Even when “it” is really rat or snake.Another useful piece of advice is not knowing what you are eating. What’s for dinner? Don’t ask. Avoid glancing into the kitchen or looking at English-language menus. Your host will be pleased that you are eating the food he offers, and who knows? Maybe it really is the chicken in that soup.56. Who is the passage most probably written for?A. Those who are going to have trip abroad.B. Those who want to cook food from another countryC. Those who are going to teach people from different countriesD. Those who want to take part in an international cooking contest57. The phrase “a cast-iron stomach” probably refers to a stomach_____________.A. equipped with iron devicesB. never failing youC. sensitive to various tastesD. not allergic to iron58. Which of the following is NOT suggested by the passage when you are offered some food youdon’t like?A. Cutting it into small piecesB. Swallowing it without hesitationC. Avoid figuring out what it isD. Pleasing the host while eating59. Which of the following can be served as a conclusion for the passage?A. Chicken is a delicacy for everyone.B. “It tastes like chicken” may help.C. When in Rome, do as the Romans do.D. Eating various things can keep you fit.Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Conventional wisdom has it that concern for the environment is a luxury only the rich world can afford; that only people whose basic needs for food and shelter have been met can start worrying about the health of the planet. This survey will argue that developing countries, too, should be thinking about the environment. True, in the rich countries a strong environmental movement did not emerge until long after they had become industrialized, a stage that many developing countries have yet to reach. And true, many of the developed world's environmental concerns have little to do with immediate threats to its inhabitants' wall-being. People worry about whether carbon-dioxide emissions might lead to a warmer climate next century, or whether genetically engineered crops might have unforeseen consequences for the ecosystem. That is why, when rich world environmentalists' campaign against pollution in poor countries, they are often accused of naivety. Such countries, the critics say, have more pressing concerns, such as getting their people out of poverty.But the environmental problems that developing countries should worry about are different from those that western pundits have fashionable arguments over. They are not about potential problems in the next century, but about indisputable harm being caused to conventional wisdom, solving such problems need not hurt economic growth; indeed dealing with them now will generally be cheaper than leaving them to cause further harm.In most developing countries pollution seems to be getting worse, not better. Most big cities in Latin America, for example, are suffering rising levels of air pollution. Populations in these countries are growing so fast that improvements in water supply have failed to keep up with the number of extra people. Worldwide, about a billion people still have no access to clean water, and water contaminated by sewage is estimated to kill some 2 million children every year. Throughout Latin America, Asia, Africa, forests are disappearing, causing not just long-term concern about climate change but also immediate economic damage. Forest fires in Indonesia in 1997 produced a huge blanket of smog that enveloped much of South-East Asia and kept the tourists away. It could happen again, and probably will.Recent research suggests that pollution in developing countries is far more than a minor irritation: it imposes a heavy economic cost. A Word Bank study put the cost of air and water pollution in China at $54 billion a year, equivalent to an astonishing 8% of the country's GDP. Another study estimated the health costs of air pollution in Jakarta and Bangkok in the early 1990s at around 10% of these cities' income. These are no more than educated guesses, but whichever way the sums are done, the cost is not negligible.56. T he critics of rich world environmentalists’ campaign against pollution in poor countries hold that poor countries should be more concerned about_____________.A. The potential greenhouse effectB. The bad consequences of genetically engineered cropsC. How to get rid of povertyD. How to develop education57. which of the following can be inferred from the passage?A. Developing countries should worry about the harm caused by polluted water and air.B. Developing countries’ economy will develop more rapidly if they deal with environmentalproblems right now.C. The conventional wisdom holds that dealing with environmental problems now willgenerally cost less.D. The conventional wisdom has it that solving environment problems may hurt economicgrowth.58. The underlined word “pundits” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to _____________.A. expertsB. politiciansC. institute’sD. educators59. What’s the writer’s purpose of writing the passage?A. To analyze the difference between the environmental problems in rich and poor countries.B. To explain why developing countries should handle the environmental problemsimmediately.C. To demonstrate what serious damage pollution can do to a country’s economicdevelopment.D. To explain why rich countries’ environmental concerns have little to do immediate threats.Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Pacific Science Center Guide◆Visit Pacific Science Center’s StoreDon’t forget to stop by Pacific Science Center’s Store while you are here to pick up a wonderful science activity or remember your visit. The store is located upstairs in Building 3 right next to the Laster Dome.◆HungryOur exhibits will feed your mind but what about your body? Our café offers a complete menu of lunch and snack options, in addition to seasonals. The café is located upstairs in Building 1 and is open daily until one hour before Pacific Science Center closes.◆Rental InformationLockers are available to store any belongs during your visit. The lockers are located in Building 1 near the Information Desk and in Building 3. Pushchairs and wheelchairs are available to rent at the Information Desk and Denny W ay entrance. ID required.◆Support Pacific Science CenterSince 1962 Pacific Science Center has been inspiring a passion for discovery and lifelong learning in science, math and technology. T oday Pacific Science Center serves more than 1.3 million people a year and beings inquiry-based science education to classrooms and community events all over W ashington State.It’s an amazing accomplishment and one cannot achieve without generous support from individuals, corporations, and other social organizations. Visit pacificsciencecenter org to find various ways you can support Pacific Science Center.56.Where are you buy a at Science CenterA. In Building 1.B. In Building 3.C. At the last Denny.D. At the Denny Way entrance.57.What’s the purpose of the last part of the text?A. To encourage donations.B. To advertise coming events.C. To introduce special exhibits.D. To tell about the Center’s history.Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Personality may play only a small part in leadership effectiveness but there is no doubt thatsome leaders have a certain magic that leaves peers envious and followers entranced. If you could bottle this leadership X-factor —charisma- the queue of interested executives would be a long-one. But what qualities can these often highly successful leaders be said to possess?As individuals, charismatic leaders have highly developed communication skills, including the ability to convey emotions easily and naturally to others, says Ronald Riggio, professor of leadership and organizational psychology. “They are able to inspire and arouse the emotions of followers through their emotional expressiveness and verbal skills.”“They, connect with followers because they seem to truly understand others' feelings and concerns.”“And they are great role models because they have the ability to engage others socially and display appropriate role-pla ying skills that allow them to walk the talk,” Professor Riggio says.“One quality we like in our leaders is if they are seen to really represent us. We think someone is more charismatic, the more they represent our collective identity,” Professor Van Knippenberg says. In this way, a charismatic leader is somehow a larger-than-life version of ourselves.Academics say that charismatic leaders also manage to stand out from the crowd. They might do this by being unconventional or by taking a different approach to problem-solving, for example.“They are up for new things, and they are not stuck in the status quo. They are open-to out-of-the-box thin ki ng, etc. An optimistic, energetic quality helps us to see leadership qualities in them and makes us open to their influence,” he says.“A lot of charismatic leadership, and leadership in general, is very contextual. It's really entrepreneurial firms. It's also good for turnarounds if the organization is in a bad state because it Kai Peters, the chief executive of Ashridge Business School.But not every organization needs a charismatic leader. Leaders loaded with the X®1 narcissistic(自恋的)，self-glorifying, exploitative and authoritarian (专制的).As Peters says: “ Where it is a problem is where you have' look at me, I'm a star'.”56.Which word is closest in meaning to charisma in the first paragraph?A.charmB. characterC. gratitudeD. optimism57.The charismatic leaders become great role models due to their___________.A. proper role-playing skillsB. subtle emotional expressivenessC. marvelous problem-solving abilityD. unconventionality in the crowds58. According to Professor Knippenberg, what kind of leaders would be welcomed by us?A. The one who has a heroical image.B. The one who can speak for us.C. The one who is a collective version of us.D. The one who resembles us in characteristic.59.Wha t’s Peters’ attitude towards the contextual feature of charismatic leadership?A. CriticalB. ApprovedC. NeutralD. SuspiciousSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)I was at the funeral of my dearest friend--my mother. She finally had lost her long battle with cancer. The hurt was so intense; I found it hard to breathe at times. Always supportive, mother clapped loudest at my school plays, held a box of tissue while listening to my first heartbreak, comforted me at my father’s death, and prayed for me my entire life.When mother’s illness was diagnosed, my sister had a new baby and my brother had recently married his childhood sweetheart, so it fell on me, the 27-year-old middle to take care of her. I counted it an honor. My place had been with our mother, preparing her meals,taking her to the doctor, reading the Bible together. Now she was in heaven. My work was finished, and I was alone.Deep in sorrow, suddenly, I heard a door open and slam shut at the back of the church. Quick steps hurried along the carpeted floor. A young man looked around briefly and then sat next to me. He folded his hands and placed them on his lap. His eyes started to be filled with tears.“I’m late,” he explained, though no explanation was necessary.After several eulogies, he leaned over and commented, “Why do they keep calling Mary by the name of Margaret?”“Because that was her name, Margaret. Never Mary.” I whispered, wondering who was this stranger anyway?“ Isn’t this the Lutheran church?”“Oh...”“I believe you’re at the wrong funeral, sir.”The solemnness(庄重) of the occasion mixed with realization of the man’s mistake bubbled up inside me and came out as laughter. Sharp looks from other mourners(哀悼者) only made the situation seem stupid. I peeked at the confused, misguided man seated beside me. He was laughing too, as he glanced around, deciding it was too late for an uneventful exit. I imagined Mother laughing.At the final ‘Amen’, we rush ed out a door and into the parking lot. “I do believe we’ll be the talk of the town. By the way, my name is Rick.” he smile d.That afternoon began a lifelong journey for me with this man who attended the wrong funeral, but was in the right place. A year after our meeting, we were married at a country church. This time we both arrived at the same church, right on time.In my time of sorrow, he gave me laughter. In place of loneliness, God gave me love. This past June, we celebrated our twenty-second anniversary. Whenever anyone asks us how we met, Rick tells them “Her mother and my Aunt Mary introduced us, and it’s truly a match made in Heaven.”56. Only author could take care of her mom mainly because___________.A. she was the only child in the family.B. a lovely baby came into her brother’s family.C. she was the only child without a new family’s burden.D. her mom loved her much more than other children.57. What can we infer from the passage?A. The author and Rick met 22 years ago for the first time.B. The author was supposed to have been in Lutheran Church.C. Margaret should be the name of Rick’s aunt.D. The mourners considered the author’s joy improper.58. What could be the best title of the passage?A. Hope Remaining at the FuneralB. A Heavenly EncounterC. Two Funerals at One TimeD. Seeking God’s Everlasting LoveSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)The case for college has been accepted without question for more than a generation. All high school graduates ought to go, says conventional wisdom and statistical evidence, because college will help them earn more money, become “better” people, and learn to be more responsible citizens than those who don’t go.But college has never been able to work its magic for everyone. And now that close to half our high school graduates are att ending, those who don’t fit the pattern are becoming more numerous, and more obvious. College graduates are selling shoes and driving taxis; college students interfere with each other’s experiments and write false letters of recommendation in the intense competition for admission to graduate school. Other find no stimulation in their studies, and drop out—often encouraged by college administrators.Some observers say the fault is with the young people themselves—they are spoiled and they are expecting too m uch. But that is a condemnation of the students as a whole, and doesn’t explain all campus unhappiness. Others blame the state of the world, and they are partly right. We have been told that young people have to go to college because our economy can’t abso rb an army of untrained eighteen-year-olds. But disappointed graduates are learning that it can no longer absorb an army of trained twenty-two-year-olds, either.Some adventuresome educators and watchers have openly begun to suggest that college may not be the best, the proper, the only place for every young person after the completion of high school. We may have been looking at all those surveys and statistics upside down, it seems, and through the rosy glow of our own remembered college experiences.Perhaps collegedoesn’t make people intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, or quick to learn things—may it is just the other way around, and intelligent, ambitious, happy, liberal, quick-learning people are merely the ones who have been attracted to college in the first place. And perhaps all those successful college graduates would have been successful whether they had gone to college or not. This is heresy(异端邪说) to those of us who have been brought up to believe that if a little schooling is good, more has to be much better. But contrary evidence is beginning to mount up.56..According to the passage all of the following statements are true EXCEPT____________．A.about half of the high school graduates continue their studies at schoolB.college graduates are believed to be able to earn more moneyC.administrators often encourage college students to drop outD.more and more young people are found unfit for college57.According to the passage, the problems of college education partly originate in the fact that___________.A.society cannot provide enough jobs for properly trained graduates.B.High school graduates do not fit the pattern of college education.C.Too many students have to earn their own living.D.College administrators encourage students to drop out.58.What does the underlined sentence in Paragraph 4 mean?A．Our college experience proves that those surveys are incorrect．B．The surveys may remind us of our beautiful college experiences．C．The surveys should all be re－examined according to our college experiences．D．Our college experiences may make us misunderstand the results of the surveys．59.What is the main purpose of this passage?A．To argue against the idea that college is the best place for all young people．B．To put forward an idea that college should not be the first choice．C．To value young people’s further education in colleges．D．To persuade young people into working after the completing of high school．Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)Sebastian Faulks has written many novels, including Devil May Care, the latest James Bond book. This cutting comes from a very different kind of novel called Charlotte Gray. The setting is a transit (中转) camp near Paris during the Second World War, where a group of people, including two small children, Andre and Jacob, await transport to take them to a concentration camp outside France. Although these people - the ‘deportees’ of the cutting - are not fully aware of this, they face certain death.The Last NightAndre was lying on the floor when a man came with postcards on which the deportees might write a final message. He advised them to leave them at the station or throw them from the train as camp orders forbade access to the post. Two or three pencils that had survived the camps search were passed round among the people in the room. Some wrote with weeping passion, some with great care, as though their safety, or at least the way in which they were remembered, depended upon their choice of words.A woman came with a sandwich for each child to take on the journey. She also had a bucket of water, round which they gathered, holding out food cans they passed from one to another. One of the older boys hugged her in his gratitude, but the bucket was soon empty. When she was gone, there were only the small hours of the night to go through. Andre was lying on the straw, and Jacob leaned close to him for warmth.Five buses had come in through the main entrance, and now stood trembling in the corner of the yard. At a long table …the commandant of the camp himself sat with a list of names that another policeman was calling out in alphabetical order. Andre heard his name and moved with Jacob towards the bus. From the other side of the courtyard, from windows open on the dawn, a shower of food was thrown towards them by women crying and calling out their names.Andre looked up, and in a chance angle of light he saw a woman’s face in which the eyes were fixed with terrible fierceness on a child beside him. Why did she stare as though she hated him? Then it came to Andre that she was not looking in hatred, but had kept her eyes so intenselyopen in order to fix the picture of her child in her mind. She was looking to remember, for ever….56. What can we learn from the first part of the passage?A. The background and the situation of World War Ⅱ.B. The transit camp and the transportation in Paris.C. The author, the setting and the main characters.D. The main idea and the names on the list.57. Which of the following is true about the things going on in the transit camp?A. The deportees were eager to leave their final messages.B. A humble breakfast was served to children late that morning.C. Andre happened to witness the deportees’ routine camp life.D. The camp commandant stood by a long table calling the roll.58. The woman stared at her child fiercely probably because _____ .A. she found her child was trembling and crying for foodB. she thought she would never see her child any moreC. she was filled with an attempt to escape from deathD. she was driven mad by the life in the transit campSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)How Would Y ou Like to Pay?How do you pay for your coffee?Is it with change?I use my tap-and-go card.I don't even need to enter my PIN number or a signature to approve payment.It's quicker and everybody in the queue is happy.Contactless payments are gaining popularity.Those concerned about security will be pleased to know that the amount of money you can spend in one-go is limited—in the UK it's currently ￡30.But if the card is used a few times in a row,a PIN number will be needed.If a thief gets hold。

2018届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--摘要写作(Summary Writing)-(带答案精准校对加强版)

IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.If you suffer from shyness, you are not alone, for shyness is a universal phenomenon. It is not surprising that social scientists are learning more about its causes.The first environmental cause of shyness many be a child’s home and family life. Today’s children are growing up in smaller and smaller families, with fewer and fewer relatives living nearby. Growing up in single-parent homes or in homes in which both parents work full time, children may not have the socializing experience of frequent visits by neighbours and friends. Because of their lack of social skills, they may begin to feel socially inhibited, or shy, when they start school.A second environmental cause of shyness in an individual may be one’s culture. In a study conducted in Japan, 57 percent of participants rated themselves as shy. Researchers Henderson and Zimbardo say, “One explanation is that in Japan, an individual’s performance success is credited externally to parents, grandparents, teachers, coaches, and others, while failure is entirely blamed on the person.” Therefo re, Japanese learn not to take risks in public and rely instead on group-shared decisions.Technology may play a role as well. In the United States, the number of young people who report being shy has risen from 40 percent to 50 percent in recent years. Due to huge advances in technology, watching television, playing video games, and surfing the Web have displaced recreational activities that involve social interaction for many young people. Adults, too, are becoming more isolated as a result of technology. Face-to-face interactions with bank tellers, gas station attendants, and store clerks are no longer necessary because people can use machines to do their banking, fill their gas tanks, and order merchandise. In short, they become shy.It appears that most people have experienced shyness at some time in their lives. Therefore, if you are shy, you have lots of company.Keys:Shyness is common and it has environmental causes, including home and family life, culture and technology. Firstly, with smaller families and working parents,children lack social interactions. Besides, blaming individuals for failure can cause people in some culture to be shy in public.Finally, with the development of technology, people have fewer opportunities to socialize in person.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was, thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546.Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived, dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18th century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, an American immunologist, encourages children to play in the dirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.Keys:People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin. For a long time in history, people of some European countries believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. However, peoplebegan to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.What I think of boxing as a sportBoxing is a popular sport that many people seem to be fascinated by. Newspapers, magazines and sports programmes on TV frequently cover boxing matches. Professional boxers earn a lot of money, and successful boxers are treated as big heroes.It seems to me that some people, especially men, find it appealing because it is an aggressive sport. When they watch a boxing match, they can identify with the winning boxer, and this gives them the feeling of being a winner themselves. Sometimes fans are rooting for a particular boxer, moreover because the boxer comes form their own country, and if "their" boxer loses, they often feel as if they have lost a fight themselves. It is a fact that many people have feelings of aggression from time to time, but they cannot show their aggression in their everyday lives. Watching a boxing match gives them an outlet for this aggression.However, there is a negative side to boxing. It can be a very dangerous sport. Although boxers wear gloves during the fights, and amateur boxers even have to wear helmets, there have frequently been accidents in both professional and amateur boxing, sometimes with dramatic consequences. Boxers have suffered from head injuries, and occasionally, fighters have even been killed as a result of being knocked out in the ring. For example, studies have shown that there are often long-term effects of boxing, in the form of serious brain damage, even if a boxer has never been knocked out.To conclude, I am personally not at all in favour of aggressive sports like boxing. I think it would be better if less time was given to aggressive sports on TV, and we celebrated more men and women from non-aggressive sports as our heroes and heroines in our society. I believe that the world is aggressive enough already! Of course, people like competitive sports, and so do I, but I think that hitting other people in an aggressive way is not something that should be regarded as asport.Keys:The author is opposed to boxing as a sport. Boxing is nowadays very popular because people, especially men, release their feelings of aggression while watching the boxing match. However, boxing can have a devastating impact on boxer’ health and even lives. Therefore, the author appeals to the public to enjoy more non-aggressive sports.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Tired of all the pushing in supermarkets? Fed up with waiting in endless lines to pay for what you have bought? Angry at wasting time in traffic jams only to find no parking spaces when you eventually arrive at the store? If this is you, then online shopping is the answer to your dreams of trouble-free shopping.Online shopping brings its own challenges. Here are a few things to bear in mind when browsing various websites. The claim made by online sites is that shopping online is a safe and secure way to make purchases. The evidence challenges this. In any case, you only have to be the victim of fraud (欺骗) once to experience all the problems that come with this form of stealing. Use only sites that have a trusted history and an excellent reputation.Another problem is that the appearance of items in reality is often quite different from what you see on your computer screen. This might not be a problem if you are buying washing up powder but could be a major disappointment when that beautiful blue dress you ordered turns up in green. Also, product descriptions are sometimes simply untrue! Perhaps the wisest plan is to purchase items whose design and color are not essential to customer satisfaction.Some even argue that online shopping indirectly contributes to global warming. Yes, your car can stay parked but how are online goods delivered? Often by some large van pouring out carbon monoxide and adding to our already desperate traffic problems. You are also by now becoming increasingly irritated(使烦恼) by the fact that the delivery is late !Keys:Online shopping can free you of the trouble you meet when buying things in store. However, it has challenges. Firstly, you should bear in mind that you must use sites which deserve trusting. Secondly, you shouldn’t believe all the descriptions because they may be untrue. Lastly,you should know although the delivery may be late, it may cause global warming.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Learn from mistakesThe best way to learn something is to make mistakes first.Thomas Edison,who invented the light bulb,told his colleagues:"Of the 200 light bulbs that didn't work,every failure told me something I was able to incorporate into the next attempt."Benjamin Franklin,the US statesman and scientist once said:“I haven't failed.I have had 10,000 ideas that didn't work.”Both these people understood that failures and false starts are the condition of success.In fact,a surprising number of everyday objects had their beginnings in a mistake or a misunderstanding.Post-it-notes,packets of crisps and even bread are all unexpected inventions.In 2600 BC,a tired Egyptian slave invented bread when the dough rose during his sleep.And crisps were first cooked by a chief in the USA when a customer complained that his fried potatoes were not thin enough.In 1958 Spencer Silver was trying to develop a strong adhesive when he accidentally invented a very weak glue instead.His colleague,Art Fry,decided to use it six years later,in 1974,to hold his bookmarks in his books and the post-it note was invented.Successful business people have often made big,expensive mistakes in their past.When an employee of IBM made a mistake that cost the company $600,000,Thomos Watson,the chairman,was asked if he would fire the man. "Of course not,"he replied.“I have just spent $600,000 training him.I am not going to let another company benefit from experience.”The important thing to remember is that you need to learn from your mistakes.If youdon't,then there is no sense in making them.Keys:The best way to learn something is to make mistakes first .And failures and false starts are the condition of success. In fact, lots of everyday objects had their beginnings in a mistake .Besides,Successful business people have often made big ,expensive mistakes in their past. All in all,The important thing is that you need to learn from your mistakes.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Getting rid of dirt, in the opinion of most people, is a good thing. However, there is nothing fixed about attitudes to dirt.In the early 16th century, people thought that dirt on the skin was a means to block out disease, as medical opinion had it that washing off dirt with hot water could open up the skin and let ills in. A particular danger was thought to lie in public baths. By 1538, the French king had closed the bath houses in his kingdom. So did the king of England in 1546. Thus began a long time when the rich and the poor in Europe lived with dirt in a friendly way. Henry IV, King of France, was famously dirty. Upon learning that a nobleman had taken a bath, the king ordered that, to avoid the attack of disease, the nobleman should not go out.Though the belief in the merit of dirt was long-lived，dirt has no longer been regarded as a nice neighbor ever since the 18 century. Scientifically speaking, cleaning away dirt is good to health. Clean water supply and hand washing are practical means of preventing disease. Yet, it seems that standards of cleanliness have moved beyond science since World War II. Advertisements repeatedly sell the idea: clothes need to be whiter than white, cloths ever softer, surfaces to shine. Has the hate for dirt, however, gone too far?Attitudes to dirt still differ hugely nowadays. Many first-time parents nervously try to warn their children off touching dirt, which might be responsible for the spread of disease. On the contrary, Mary Ruebush, American immunologist (免疫学家），encourages children to play in thedirt to build up a strong immune system. And the latter position is gaining some ground.Keys:People have mixed opinions towards dirt on our skin.For a long time in history, people of some European countries, such as France, believed that dirt protected people from getting ill. However, people began to change their attitudes to dirt about 200 years ago. People have been told that washing dirt off our body can keep us healthy. However, some scientists believe that exposure to some dirt may help our immune system.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Judging from recent surveys, most experts in sleep behavior agree that there is virtually an epidemic（流行病）of sleepiness in the nation”. I can’t think of a single study that hasn’t found Americans getting less sleep than they ought to,” says Dr.David. Even people who think they are sleeping enough would probably be better off with more rest.The beginning of our sleep-deficit（睡眠不足）crisis can be traced back to the invention of the light bulb a century ago. From diary entries and our personal accounts from the 18th and 19th centuries, sleep scientists have reached the conclusion that the average person used to sleep about 9.5 hours a night. ” The best sleep habits once were forced on us, when we had nothing to do in the evening down on the farm, and it was dark.” By the 1950s and 1960s, the sleep schedule had been reduced dramatically, to between 7.5 and 8 hours, and most people had to wake to an alarm clock. “People cheat in their sleep, and they don’t even realize they’re doing it,”says Dr.David, ”They think they’re okay because they can get by on 6.5 hours, when they really need 7.5, 8 or even more to feel ideally vigorous. ”Perhaps the most merciless robber of sleep, researches say, is the complexity of the day. Whenever pressures from work, family, friends and community increase, many people consider sleep the least expensive item on their programme.” In our society, you’re considered dynamic if you say you need only 5.5 hours’ sleep. If you’ve got to get 8.5 hours, people think you lack drive and ambition. “To determine the consequences of sleep-deficit, researchers have put subjects through a set of psychological and performance tests requiring them, for instance, to add columns of numbers or recall a passage read to them only minutes earlier.” We’ve found that if you’re in sleep deficit, performance suffers,” says Dr.David, ”Short-term memory is weakened, as are abilities to make decisions and to concentrate.”Keys:Sleep-deficit, a common phenomenon in America, is caused by several factors. Firstly, the invention of the light bulb has changed people’s lifestyle and shorten people’s sleep time by about 2 hours. Secondly, various pressures and misleading social concepts also contribute to sleep-deficit. Researchers have found out that sleep-deficit would influence us intellectually.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.“Daily Star, sir!” called Jason, carrying some newspaper under his arm. The little boy had been running up and down the street, but there were still twenty papers left. It was raining all day, though not heavily. There were few people on the streets and the shop would soon close. He had hoped to sell more papers tonight to make more money to buy a cake for his mother. That was why he had bought the papers with all his money. But it seemed he would have to go home, carrying the papers instead of money.“You don’t know the secret of selling papers. You must shout, ‘Hot news! Bomb bursting!’” another newsboy Chad told Jason.“But it’s not in the paper at all,” replied Jason.“Just run away quickly before they have time to see the paper. Get the paper sold out a nd the money. That’s it!” Chad said.It was a new idea to Jason. He thought of the cake he wanted to buy for his mother, but was determined that though he was just a poor newsboy, he would not tell a lie, which had been taught by his mother.The next afternoon Jason went to the office for his papers as usual. Several boys were crowding around Chad, who declared with a proud smile that he sold six dozen the day before. A gentleman at the office came up and patted Jason’s shoulder fondly.“You’re just the boy I am looking for.”A week later Jason started his new job. He lost the sale of twenty papers because he would not tell a lie, but got a well-paid job because he insisted on telling the truth.Keys:To buy a cake for his mother, Jason, a little boy, tried to sell the newspaper he bought for the money but failed. Although advised to cheat the passers-by for sales from another newsboy, he decided to stay a clear conscience. On the next day, a gentleman praised Jason and offered him a better job for his honesty.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.HopeNothing in my life had prepared me for what I had to do. Choosing my words carefully, and fighting to stay calm, I told my 4-year-old daughter that her grandmother had suffered a stroke (中风), that she was unconscious, and that the doctors said she would probably never wake up. As she moved closer to me, Amelia looked at me, eyes bright, and said, “Maybe Grandma will be okay.” “Maybe she will,” I said, keeping back the tears. But I knew better. I was flying up to Myrtle Beach, South Carolina, from our Florida home in the morning to say good-bye to my mom.The rest of that awful week, I joined my brother and father sitting by my mother’s side in the hospital room. I held her hand and talked to her. I told her that we still needed her. I told her that it wasn’t time to leave yet. I told her how much I loved h er. And I told her that her little granddaughter, Amelia, believed that she’d get better. The doctors, with all their years of training and experience, offered no hope for recovery. The damage was simply too extensive.A couple of weeks later, an odd thing happened. Mom woke up! And then she perseveredthrough a long and tough process of restoration to health, during which she had to learn to walk, read, and write all over again, and eventually returned home to Dad. The only one who wasn’t shocked was Amel ia. The doctors couldn’t explain it. Amelia didn’t need to. Hope came as naturally to her as breathing.So why are we so afraid to hope sometimes? Maybe it’s because over the years, life’s disappointments can turn us to disillusionment (理想破灭). How many times have you heard someone say: “Hope for the best, expect the worst”? That’s not really hope at all.Hope is being able to look at our world with all of the joy and wonder of a child.Keys:Doctors were pessimistic about my mother’s stroke while my little daughter, Amelia, full of hope. I passed on Amelia’s hope when our family gathered to bid farewell to her in hospital. Incredibly, she recovered and came back home after a period of restoration. Everyone was astonished except Amelia. Hope does bring people in trouble amazement.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.When you hear the final whistleOne of the hardest things for any sportsperson to do is to know when to retire.But even harder is finding the answer to the question ‘What am I going to do with the rest of my life?’Some sport people go on playing too long. Perhap s they just can’t stand life without the ‘high’ of playing professional sport. Michael Jordan, the greatest basketball player of all time, retired three times. He retired once from the Chicago Bulls, made a successful comeback with the Bulls, then retired again. His second comeback with an inferior team ended in failure and he retired for ever at the age of 38. Jordan said, ‘There will never be anything I do that will fulfil me as much as competing did.’Others can’t resist the change of one last “pay day”. Muhammad Ali needed the money, but his comeback fight, at the age of 39, against Trevor Berbick, was one of the saddest spectacles in modern sport. After losing to Berbick, Ali retired permanently. Three years later he developedParkinson’s disease.For some people the pain of saying goodbye never leaves them. As Jimmy Greaves, an ex-England international footballer said, ‘I think that a lot of players would prefer to be shot once their career is over.’ Many of them spend their retirement in a continual battle against depression, alcohol, or drugs.But for the lucky few, retirement can mean a successful new career. Franz Beckenbauer is a classic example of a footballer who won everything with his club, Bayern Munich. After retiring he became a successful coach with Bayern and finally President of the club. John McEnroe, the infamous ‘bad boy’ of tennis, is now a highly respected and highly paid TV commentator. But sadly, for most sportspeople, these cases are the exceptions.Keys:The passage describes sportsperson how to spend their lives after retirement.Some people continue playing for not standing without playing sports, others for the need for money. Moreover, many are struggling with their original bad habits while few can start a successful new career after retirement.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Your house may have an effect on your figure. Experts say the way you design your home could play a role in whether you pack on the pounds or keep them off. You can make your environment work for you instead of against you. Here are some ways to turn your home into part of your diet plan.Open the curtains and turn up the lights. Dark environments are more likely to encourage overeating, for people are often less self-conscious(难为情) when they’re in poorly lit places –and so more likely to eat lots of food. If your home doesn’t have enough window light, get more lamps and flood the place with brightness.Mind the colours. Research suggests warm colours fuel our appetites. In one study, peoplewho ate meals in a blue room consumed 33 percent less than those in a yellow or red room. Warm colours like yellow make food appear more appetizing, while cold colours make us less hungry. So when it’s time to repaint, go blue.Don’t forget the clock – or the radio. People who eat slowly tend to consume about 70 fewer calories(卡路里) per meal than those who rush through their meals. Begin keeping track of the time, and try to make dinner last at 30 minutes. And while you’re at it, actually sit down to eat. If you need some help slowing down, turning on relaxing music. It makes you less likely to rush through a meal.Downsize the dishes. Big serving bowls and plants can easily make us fat. We eat about 22 percent more when using a 12-inch plate instead of a 10-inch plate. When we choose a large spoon over a smaller one, total intake(摄入) jumps by 14 percent. And we’ll pour about 30 percent more liquid into a short, wide glass than a tall, skinny glass.Keys:House design may affect your figure, but there’re four ways to control your diet. Dark light makes you eat more, so you should keep your room bright. Besides, decorating with cold colors can reduce your food-intake. Moreover, you can eat slowly with relaxing music. Finally, smaller tableware also reduces appetite.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.Trees should be pruned( 修剪)only when there is a good and clear reason for doing so and fortunately , the number of such reason is small.First, pruning may be done to make sure that trees have desired shape or size. The object may be to get a tree of the right height, and at the same time to help the growth of small side branches, which will thicken its appearance or give it a special shape. Secondly, pruning may be done to make the tree healthier. You may cut out diseased or dead wood, or branches that are rubbing against each other and thus cause wounds. The health of a tree may be encouraged by removing branches that are blocking up the center and so preventing the free movement of air.One result of pruning is that an open wound is left on the tree and this provides an easy entry for disease , but it is a wound that will heal. Often there is a race between the healing and the disease as to whether the tree will live or die, so that there is a period when the tree is at risk. It should be the aim of every gardener to reduce that risk of death as far as possible. It is important to make the area, which has been pruned, smooth and clean, for healing will be slowed down by roughness. You should allow the cut surface to dry for a few hours and then paint it with one of the materials available from garden shops produced especially for this purpose. Pruning is usually done in winter , for then you can see the shape of the tree clearly without interference from the leaves and also it is very unlikely that the cuts you make will bleed. If this does happen, it is, of course, impossible to paint them properly.Keys:Trees are pruned either for pruning images or good health. However, the wound caused by provide access for disease. Therefore, the gardeners should keep the cuts smooth and clear, meanwhile, the surface should be dried ,then the cuts should be applied substance. And pruning is recommended to be done in winter.IV. Summary WritingDirections:Read the following passage. Summarize the main idea and the main point(s) of the passage in no more than 60 words. Use your own words as far as possible.For anyone who doubts that the texting revolution is upon us, consider this: The average 13- to 17-year-old sends and receives 3,339 texts a month—more than 100 per day, according to the Nielsen Co., the media research firm. Adults are catching up. People from ages 45 to 54 sent and received 323 texts a month in the second quarter of 2010, up 75% from a year ago, Nielsen says.Behind the texting explosion is a fundamental shift in how we view our mobile devices. That they are phones is increasingly beside the point.Part of what's driving the texting surge among adults is the popularity of social media. Sites like Twitter, with postings of no more than 140 characters, are creating and reinforcing the habit of communicating in micro-bursts.。

2018届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--选词填空-(带答案精准校对加强版)

II. Grammar and VocabularySection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.You may still remember the “Eight Minutes of Tokyo” in the closing ceremony of the Rio Olympics last August. Even if the Tokyo Games wasn’t going to be here for another four years, the performance of the new host successfully (31) the show with its famous animated characters – Doraemon, Hello Kitty and Super Mario.It was a wise choice since there is probably nothing that shouts “Japan” more loudly than the country’s animation, known as “Japanimation”. And this year (32) the 100th anniversary of the very first Japanese cartoon, made in 1917.In the past century, the wild imagination of Japanese animators continued to feed our (33)______. Monsters, fairies, robots and magic feature often in their work. It has also been inspiring film industries in other parts of the world. The (34) story of Disney’s The Lion King (1994), for example, actually comes from Japan’s Kimba the White Lion. And the 1999 Hollywood (35)________ film, The Matrix, was also (36)________ influenced by the 1989 Japanese manga Ghost in the Shell .“I love his films. I study his films. I watch his films when I’m looking for(37) ,” John Lasseter, director of Pixar’s Toy Story, once said about famous Japanese animator Hayao Miyazaki. And our (38) for this imaginary world is only growing.At the end of last year, for example, the story of Japanese cartoon Pokemon (was brought to life with the help of augmented reality technology. People in many countries are often seen searching for Pokemon in real life locations through the screens of their phones. They play it on their way to school, to work, and during holiday outings. Although Pokemon began as a video game a year before the cartoon came out, people should give the an imation a “Thanks” for bringing it to a wider audience.Besides being a source of entertainment, Japanese animation is also a (39) force of our daily lives. For example, wearing glasses used to be considered as uncool and geeky (书呆子气的), but after the 1981 TV animation Arale (《阿拉蕾》), in which there is a heavily-nearsighted girl with wings and magic powers, glasses soon became fashionable. And the language we use –the word meng (萌), to name one – is also (40) from Japanese animation.But interestingly, with all the imagination that is so admired by modern fans, it would still be hard for Japanese animators in 1917 to believe that the two-dimensional worlds that they were creating at the time would have such a big influence in today’s three-dimensional world.Keys: 31-40 B F K H G D E A C JII. Grammar and VocabularySection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Movies, TV shows, and video games have helped humanity paint a mental picture of what aliens might look like if we ever run into them, but most of the time those (31)_______ depictions have little or no scientific backing whatsoever. Researchers searching for extraterrestrial life don’t (32)______ know exactly what they’re looking for, but based on what we’ve learned about humanity’s rise there’s a handful of things nature tells us that are required for advancement of a civilization. In the book “The Future of Humanity,” author Michio Kaku attempts to answer the incredibly difficult question of what aliens might look like, and this time it’s not just a guess.Kaku consulted with exobiology experts and theorists who specialize in hypothetical alien life forms which have developed on far-off worlds much different from Earth. Using that accumulated knowledge, Kaku came up with a very basic list of (33)______ that any intelligence alien race would need to have in order to reach a level similar to humanity.As the New York Post reports, the requirements that Kaku has dreamt up are (34)______ thesame capabilities that scientists believe have allowed humans to progress in the way that we have: Thumbs –Scientists have long believed that (35) _______which led to opposable thumbs was a huge factor in the rise of primates(灵长类). A method of (36)_______objects allows for the making of tools which, it is thought, is one of the very earliest signs of intelligence as we know it. It makes sense that aliens would have followed a similar path.Language –This one is a bit tricky because it’s incredibly non-specific. The key here isn’t just the ability to communicate with each other in the moment — many animals have species-wide methods of vocal communication that could be considered language —but also to relay information and pass it down between generations. This allows the (37)________ of knowledge over long periods of time and gives new members of a species the chance to (38)______ and “stand on the shoulders” of those who came before them.These (39)________ obviously sound a lot like what we’re all born with, which makes perfect sense. However, within this very basic outline there’s plenty of room for v ariation. If aliens only need two eyes, a gripping appendage(附属肢体), and some kind of language in order to have caught up with humans, there’s really no telling what form their bodies have actually taken, especially on planets with chemical (40)______ far different from Earth.Keys: 31-40 G F J E K C B H I AII. Grammar and VocabularySection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Oumuamua, an object tumbling(翻转)through space hat was discovered on October 19th, has already made (31)______. The speed at which it is moving relative to the sun means that it cannotbe (32)_______ to the solar system. Its official designation(称号) is thus II /2017 U1, with the “I”(33) for" interstellar (星际的)”－the first time this designation has ever been used.That is exciting. Some scientists, though, (34)______ an even more exciting possibility: what if Oumuamua is not an asteroid(小行星) as most think, but an alien(外星的) spacecraft? Asteroids come in all sorts of shapes and sizes, but Oumuamua seems particularly odd. As best as astronomers can tell, it is cigarlike, being (35)______180 metres long but only about 30 metres wide. That makes it longer and thinner than anything known of in the solar system. Such a shape would be a (36)_____ choice for a spaceship, since it would minimize the scouring(冲刷) effect of interstellar dust.With that in mind the Breakthrough Listen Project, an organization devoted to (37) ______ for alien life, plans to turn the world’s biggest steerable radio telescope, the Green Bank instrument in Virginia, towards oumuamua to see if it can hear anything interesting. Oumuamua is (38)_______ about twice as far from Earth as Earth is from the sun. At that range, the telescope should be (39)____enough to pick up a transmitter about as powerful as a mobile phone after just a few seconds-worth of observations.Will it find anything? Almost certainly not, Oumuamua has the same reddish colour as many asteroids, so presumably has a similar (40)_____. And, if it really is a spaceship, it is odd that signs of its artificial origin have not been seen already and also odd that it is tumbling. It could, in theory, be deserted. But in that case the telescope is unlikely to hear anything. By far the most likely option is that it is exactly what it seems to be: a wandering hunk of space rock, although one that has come to the solar system from the vast voids between the stars.Keys: 31-40 D J G B K C A I F EII. Grammar and VocabularySection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Innovation, the elixir of progress, has always cost people their jobs. In the industrial revolution hand weavers were (31) aside by the mechanical loom. Over the past 30 years the digital revolution has (32) many of the mid-skill jobs that supported 20th-century middle-class life.Typists, ticket agents, bank tellers and many production-line jobs have been dispensed with, just as the weavers were.For those who believe that technological progress has made the world a better place, such disruption is a natural part of rising (33) . Although innovation kills some jobs, it creates new and better ones, as a more (34) society becomes richer and its wealthier inhabitants demand more goods and services. A hundred years ago one in three American workers was (35)________on a farm. Today less than 2% of them produce far more food. The millions freed from the land were not rendered (36) , but found better-paid work as the economy grew more sophisticated. Today the pool of secretaries has (37) , but there are ever more computer programmers and web designers.Optimism remains the right starting-point,but for workers the dislocating effects of technology may make themselves evident faster than its (38) . Even if new jobs and wonderful products emerge,in the short term income gaps will widen,causing huge social dislocation and perhaps even changing politics.Technology's (39) will feel like a tornado （旋风）, hitting the rich world first, but (40) sweeping through poorer countries too.No government is prepared for it.Keys: 31-40 J B K G C F I A E DII. Grammar and VocabularySection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Let's say you've decided you want to eat more healthfully. However, you don't have time to carefully plan menus for meals or read food (31) at the supermarket. Since you really (32)_______yourself to a healthier lifestyle, a little help would come in handy, wouldn't it? This is where a "choice architect" can help (33) some of the burden of doing it all yourself. Choice architects are people who organize the contexts in which customers make decisions. For example, the person who decides the layout of your local supermarket－including which shelf the peanut butter goes on, and how the oranges are piled up－is a choice architect.Governments don't have to (34) healthier lifestyles through laws for example, smoking bans.Rather, if given an environment created by a choice architect－one that encourages us to choose what is best－we will do the right things. In other words, there will be designs that gently push customers toward making healthier choices, without removing freedom of choice. This idea combines freedom to choose with (35) hints from choice architects, who aim to help people live longer, healthier, and happier lives.The British and Swedish governments have introduced a so-called "traffic light system" to (36) foods as healthy or unhealthy. This means that customers can see at a glance how much fat, sugar, and salt each product contains (37) by looking at the lights on the package.A green light (38) that the amounts of the three nutrients are healthy; yellow indicates that the customer should be (39) ; and red means that the food is high in at least one of the three nutrients and should be eaten in (40) . The customer is given important health information, but is still free to decide what to choose.Keys: 31-40 G C I F E B K J A HII. Grammar and VocabularySection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.THE TRANSPORTATION AUTHORITIES in Nanjing, East China’s Jiangsu province, are reportedly considering a (31) to cap the number of order for takeout deliverymen, many of whom have been (32) of violating traffic rules on a daily basis. Beijing News commented on Saturday:At least 242 traffic accidents in the city in the first half of this year involved takeout deliverymen, resulting in (33) to about 170, prompting the local transportation authorities to tighten their (34) of such takeout deliveries.So the Nanjing authorities have good reason to intervene, but placing a cap on the number of takeout orders (35) to deliverymen is a questionable move. Deliverymen hired by most platforms are allowed to go for any order up for grabs even when they do not have enough time to finish the delivery.Many reckless riders tend to disregard the traffic rules because failing to deliver an order within a given time - (36) around 20 minutes - can cost them one-third of the money they make. Such a rigid assessment mechanism (37) does not take into account any unavoidable delays.There is no doubt that timely deliveries must not come at the (38) of traffic order or the well-being of deliverymen. Food delivery service platforms need to provide proper training for their delivery staff to ensure they ride safely, as well as give them reasonable incentives and penalties. The local traffic enforcers can help food delivery companies to better manage their staff without (39) with their daily operations.In other words, limiting the number of takeout orders may overstep administrative boundaries. There are viable alternatives that are worth emulating, such as a code of conduct for deliverymen, along with a new management system that makes deliverymen (40) for their vehicles, most of which are currently registered under the name of their employers. A credit deduction policy that links the driving records of deliverymen with their pay might be another.Keys: 31-40：C I A F E B K G D JII. Grammar and VocabularySection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.I’m a 50-something male, the father of two mostly grown girls. I’m happy to say that both my parents are still kicking. I’m on good (31) with my brothers and sisters most of the time. I am blessed with good friends and other relations, and tend to get on well with my co-workers. I am fortunate in so many ways, but feel like I consistently disappoint everyone I know.I cannot, for the life of me, give a genuine (32) . It simply doesn’t come naturally. W hen I try, and I do, in order to maintain all the relationships, it feels forced, more a matter of (33)_____ than a gift that might put wind in the sails of someone I truly care for. I feel strongly that giving should spring from joy, or at least from a (34) desire to see the recipient enlivened by it. When I have nothing to offer in response to a job well done, everyone loses. I feel like I’ve twisted the emotional and social development of my children, alienated (疏远) any number of perfectly wonderfu l lovers, and generally kept the world at arm’s length.After years of psychotherapy and the obsessive (强迫症) self-examination common to my generation, I believe I know where this meanness of spirit comes from. Six kids in total, at a very tender age, there were five younger, cuter kids standing between me and the object of our (35) . Mama was driven to (36) , to put it mildly, by the demands placed on her, but it was the 1950s and she set a selfless and hardy example. I had complete (37) for her difficult situation, even at the time. The fact remains, however, that, as a young child, I needed more than I got. I (38) for my mother’s attention. I needed to know that she (39) me as more than her helper, her strong little man. I clearly recall, at the ripe old age of 7, coming to the conclusion that I would never get it. "That’s OK," I reckoned, "I can get by without it". "it" being her love.You can imagine the sibling rivalry in a big family. Eventually I took haven in the written word to get away from it. But even before I learned to read, I had realized that giving any sign ofapproval or encouragement to my brothers and sisters could only (40) to increase the gulf between me and my mom. Does that make sense? I can rationalize otherwise, of course, and now we’re all "one big happy family", but the damage is done. l want to be gracious and giving, but when I even think to reach into that purse, however, it’s pretty much empty.Keys: 31-40 D F I B K G A H C EII. Grammar and VocabularySection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.There are few symbols of pure American culture more powerful than the Disney theme parks. To walk down Main Streets, U.S.A., is to walk through a particular (31) of American’s collective memory. It’s small-town values. It’s optimism.It’s energy.It’s innovation.It’s a certain kind of innocence. It is by design,the story of the “American Way”－and one that has played a(n) (32) role in shaping the collective memory of American history.Though Disney Parks today are well-established cultural icons, the Walt Disney Company’s start as a(n) (33) of American history and ideals began long before it opened the gates of Disneyland. It is a sophisticated process. From its creation in 1923 as “The Disney Brothers Cartoon Studio,”the Disney operation was producing films that (34) Americans’ideal version of themselves.Often set in a glorified 19th century rural American heartland, these animations (35) a hero (usually the indomitable (不屈不挠的) Mickey Mouse) whose strong work ethic and bravery in the face of risk always found the “little guy” and “common man” triumphant over his foe(敌人). Such optimistic sentiment held great (36) in the country’s Depression years,and most certainly led Mickey and company to become household names.This narrative of upholding American values continued at the brand’s theme parks, where Walt Disney translated it into a physical experienc e using American folk history. “Disneyland,” he said at the park’s grand opening,“is (37) to the ideals, the dreams, and the hard facts that have created American.”Visitors are made to feel as if they are stepping into moments of history, ones chosen to fit a tidy narrative that (38) the nation’s past and future commitment to lift, liberty, and the pursuit of happiness.To be sure, Disney’s unique ability to (39) American history in its own nostalgia-tinged (带有怀旧气息的) image－what has come to be called ”Disneyfication”－has drawn significant (40) . But when it comes to collective memory, it must be noted that the past can be remembered one way and exist factually in another, and that many different versions can have their place in the American mind. Even as characters change and Tomorrowland becomes an artifact of yesterday, Disneyland continues to be a touchstone of American collective memory.Keys: 31-40 G K H B I C D E J FII. Grammar and VocabularySection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.The world's first test-tube hamburger has already been synthesized (合成) and cooked at a cost of more than $300,000. Now two young bioengineers in Silicon Valley (硅谷) are trying to produce the first glass of (31) milk without a cow and with the help of GMO yeast (转基因酵母).Making milk, while complicated in its own way, is nonetheless much simpler than growing meat. "Less than 20 (32) are needed to give the flavor, structure and color you expect when you drink milk," says Ryan Pandya, who co-founded the synthetic dairy (合成乳制品) start-upMuufri with Perumal Gandhi.Pandya and Gandhi insert DNA sequences (序列) from cows into yeast cells, grow the cultures (培养出的细胞) at a (33) temperature and the right concentrations (浓度), and harvest milk proteins after a few days. "The process is extremely safe," says Gandhi. "It's the same one used to (34) insulin (胰岛素) and other medicines."The fats in Muufri milk come from vegetables and are changed at molecular (分子的) level to mirror the flavor and structure of milk fats. Minerals and sugars are purchased separately and (35) to the mix. Once the proportion is fine-tuned, the ingredients will turn into milk in a natural (36) .The scientists behind yeast-culture dairy are concerned about animal welfare (福祉) and agricultural sustainability—but also about creating a food that will find a mass market. As their artificial milk keeps the taste and nutritional benefits of cow milk, it will be different from soy-based (37) .While anti-GMO people worry about super crops taking over the natural world, Pandya replies, "Even if the yeast does go out in the world, it’ll produce only milk proteins and die within hours."Worldwide dairy (38) continues to grow every year. "We need to (39) to allow everyone to enjoy a glass of milk 50 years from today," Gandhi says. "The world will switch to the plant-based milk if our product is almost the same as the (40) one and priced right."Keys: 31-40 C I E A G B K D F JII. Grammar and VocabularySection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.In the wake of the historic announcement of the discovery of gravitational waves on February 11, 2016 by the Laser Interferometer Gravitational-Wave Observatory (LIGO), British physicist and black hole theorist Stephen Hawking was quick to (31) the US-led collaboration, sharing his excitement for the historic news.According to Hawking, these results confirm several very important (32) of Einstein’s theory of general relativity and it also confirms the existence of gravitational waves directly. As is becoming clear, the direct detection of these ripples in space time not only confirms Einstein’s famous theory of general theory but it also opens our eyes to a(n) (33) “dark” universe. Astronomers employ the electromagnetic spectrum (电磁光谱) to study the universe, but objects that do not radiate in the electromagnetic spectrum will go (34) . But now we know how to detect gravitational waves, which can help us detect and study some of the most energetic cosmic phenomena.“Gravitational waves provide a completely new way of looking at the universe and the ability to detect them has the (35) to revolutionize astronomy” said Hawking. “The discovery is the first observation of black holes merging. The observed (36) of this system are consistent with predictions about black holes that I made in 1970 in Cambridge.”However, this discovery also presents a puzzle for astrophysicists. The mass of each of the black holes are larger than expected for those formed by the gravitational (37) of a star---so how did both of these black holes become so massive.This question touches on one of the biggest mysterious (38) black hole evolution. Currently, astronomers are having a hard time understanding how black holes grow to be so massive. On the one end of the scale, there are “stellar mass(恒星质量)” black holes that form immediately after a massive star explodes, (39) an extremely bright light. And we also have an abundance of evidence for the existence of the super-massive that live in the centers of most galaxies. There should be evidence of black holes of all sizes, but “intermediate mass” black holes and black holes of a few dozen solar masses are (40) rare, throwing some black holes evolution theories into doubt.One thing is clear, however. This is the first time that we’ve acquired direct evidence of a black hole merger. So it’s good to know we’re on the right track.Keys: 31-40 G H F D I K C B J AII. Grammar and VocabularySection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Several recent studies have found that being randomly assigned to a roommate of another race can lead to increased (31) but also to a greater likelihood of conflict.Recent reports found that lodging with a student of a different race may decrease (32)_____and force students to engage in more ethnically diverse friendships. An Ohio State University study also found that black students living with a white roommate saw higher (33)_____success throughout their college careers. Researchers believe this may be caused by social pressure.In a New York Times article, Sam Boakye – the only black student on his freshman year floor -said that “if you’re surrounded by whites, you have something to prove.” Researchers also observed problems resulting from (34) interracial students in residences.According to two recent studies, randomly assigned roommates of different races are more likely to experience conflicts so (35) that one roommate will move out. An Indiana University study found that interracial roommates were three times as likely as two white roommates to no longer live together by the end of the semester. Grace Kao, a professor at Penn said she was not surprised by the fin dings. “This may be the first time that some of these students have (36)_____, and lived, with someone of a different race,” she said.At Penn, students are not asked to indicate race when (37) for housing. “One of the great things about freshman housing is that, with some (38) , the process throws you together randomly,” said Undergraduate Assembly chairman Alec Webley. “This is the definition of integration.” “I’ve experienced roommate conflicts between interracial students that have both broken down stereotypes and (39) stereotypes,” said one Penn resident advisor (RA). The RA of two years added that while some conflicts “provided more multicultural acceptance andmelding (融合),” there were also “jarring cultural resistance.” The RA said that these conflicts have also occurred among roommates of the same race.Kao said she (40) against forming any generalizations based on any one of the studies, noting that more background characteristics of the students need to be studied and explained.Keys: 31-40 A H E F G D J K B III. Grammar and VocabularySection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Would you like to make your green tea even greener? Or your espresso more eco-friendly? Starting Thursday, Starbucks is hoping to (31) a bit of environmentalism into each one of its brewed drinks by offering it in a reusable mug, costing just $1. The new cups change very little, except for the material: they are nearly (32) to the Seattle-based coffee company’s iconic white paper cup.Of course, the paper cups are still available for no charge, but the company is hoping that it will increase customers’ habits in bringing reusable cups, a(n) (33) they’ve promoted since 1985 which they currently nets customers a 10-cent discount on their order. The new cups will also (34) this same policy, which means it’ll pay for itself in 10 uses. Nothing (35) a coffee addiction like a bit of environmental do-goodism.The program was first (36) in Starbucks’ hometown of Seattle and throughout the already environmentally-friendly Pacific Northwest. It’s the same spirit that has encouraged shoppers to bring their own bags with them in San Francisco and Portland, both of which have (37)______ bans on plastic bags, requiring customers to bring their own or purchase reusable cloth bags. Seeing success, the reusable cups are now being rolled out to all of the U.S. andCanada.It’s all part of a long-term (38) by the chain to reduce environmental waste by cutting down on the number of paper cups finding their way to landfills. (Those Trenta cups）take up quite a bit of space, you know.) Starbucks long announced ago that it wanted to serve at least 25% of drinks in reusable cups by the year of 2015. The company has substantially lowered their (39)______ with this newest initiative, revising the hoped-for proportion to 5% in the next two years. But it seems like a(n) (40) goal — in 2011, Starbucks reports that 2% of drinks were served in reusable mugs. Now we just have to remember to grab ours off the counter before we run to Starbucks — a notoriously difficult feat before our first cup of coffee.Keys: 31-40 E I A E H C J B K GII. Grammar and VocabularySection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Here is a question that every person（even you）should think about what you will leave behind when you die. “I'm too young to think about that,” you may say. Wrong! Perhaps your mind goes to the (31) assets that you hope to acquire in the future----perhaps a house, a car, or a bank account. Sure, those things may be further down the road, but if you have an email address, own a collection of digital music and movies, use a social networking site, have an online photo album, or write a blog, then you are the proud owner of what is now being called (32) “assets”. We all (33) assume that our possession will go to our loved ones when we die. At some point, you'll probably even write a will which states who should inherit what. People are now starting to realize that (34) listing our material possessions may not be enough. Researchers at the University of London recently discovered that more and more Britons are now deciding who should get their digital photos, music, videos and so on---the “digital inheritance.”。

18上海高考英语真题试题上海市18年高考英语试题和参考答案与解析{作文类}

年上海高考英语真题试卷上海市高考英语试卷及参考答案年高考已经结束，相信大家都对高试卷感兴趣，下面是小编收集的上海市高考英语试卷及参考答案，供大家参考！第卷第一部分: 听力（共两节，满分分）做题时，先将答案标在试卷上。

录音内容结束后，你将有两分钟的时间将试卷上的答案转涂到答题卡上。

第一节 (共小题。

每小题分,满分分)听下面段对话。

每段对话后有一个小题，从题中所给的、、三个选项中选出最佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听完每段对话后，你都有秒钟的时间来回答有关小题和阅读下一小题。

每段对话仅读一遍。

. ?. . . . . .. ?. . . ’ .. .. ?. . . . . .. ’ ?. . . . . .. ?. . . . . .第二节（共小题，每小题分, 满分分）听下面段对话或独白。

每段对话或独白后几个小题，从题中所给的、、三个选项中选出虽佳选项，并标在试卷的相应位置。

听每段对话或独白前，你将有时间阅读各个小题，每小题秒钟; 听完后，各小题将给出秒钟的作答时间。

每段对话或独白读两遍。

听第段材料，回答第、题。

. ?. ’ . . ’ .. ’ .. ?. . . . . .听第段材料，回答第、题。

. ?. . . ’ . . .. ?. . . .. .听第段材料，回答第、题。

. ?. . . .. .. ?. . . . . .. ?. . . . . .听第段材料，回答第、题。

. ?. . . .. .. ?. . . .. .. ?. . . .. .. ?. . . .. .听第段材料，回答第、题。

. ?. . . . . .. ?. .. ’’ .. .. , ?. ’ . . ’ .. ’ .. ?. . . .. .第二部分：阅读理解（共两节, 满分分）第一节（共小题。

每小题分, 满分分）阅读下列短文，从每题所给的四个选项(、、和)中，选出最佳选项，并在答题卡上将该项涂黑。

, . ’ $ , .. , ., . , ’ .. , . ., , , . .. , . , ’ ., () .. ...... ?. .. .. .. .. ,. .. .. ,...., , . , ..— , — , ’( ) , ’ . .(免疫) . . . , , , .(疫苗) . . .“— : ,” .“ , , , . , .”. “” .. . .. .. .... ’ .. ?. .. .. .. .. ?. . . . . . . ., , . !. , . , , . , . ,, , , , .. , , , .. , ., , , , , . . , .’ , . , .“” . .. ?. . . .. . . .. .. ’. ,. ’. ’. .. . . .. (: 夏令时) .“ , ,” . , . “’ ; ’ .” , . “ , , , . ’ , ,”“ .”. , . “ . . ”, . , (退黑激素) . , . .? , .. ?. ? . ?. ? . ?. ?. . . .. . . .. “” .. . . .. .. . . .第二节（共小题。

【高三英语试题精选】2018上海市高考英语试题(含解析)

2018上海市高考英语试题（含解析）-一般过去时，故填did。

Passage B33 本题考查冠词用法。

由于engineer是可数名词，而electrical前面为元音读音，故该空填不定冠词an。

34 本题考查动词的时态和语态。

根据…and looks like a mini shop可知首先本句用的是一般现在时；其次本句是并列谓语结构；又由于The machine和equip是动宾关系，故该空填该动词的一般现在时的被动语态is equipped。

35 本题考查非限定性定语从句。

根据句式结构可看出，这是一个非限定性定语从句，而空中所缺的成分既代替先行词his invention，又在从句中做主语，故用关系代词which。

36 本题考查反身代词。

根据前句I couldn’t find a manufacture who could deliver what I wanted可以推断“所以我自己做”。

故填myself。

37 本题考查形容词比较级。

该自动售货机英语为huge outdoor vending machine，但是认为用术语the term “automatic shop”相比之下应是“较合适”，即用比较级形式。

由于appropriate为多音节形容词，故前面加more。

38 本题考查考查动词时态。

根据时间状语In recent years可知，该句用现在完成时。

故正确答案为has forced。

39 本题考查现在分词做结果状语。

根据前句…about 400 village shops closed句意“……大约400家村店关闭”可以看出结果是“促使当地政府给挣扎的村店提供经济支持……”，故用现在分词urging。

40 本题考查介词用法。

根据短语offer sth to sb/ sth可知，该空填to。

Section B。

2018届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--阅读理解A篇-（带答案精准校对加强版）

2018届上海市各大名校高三英语题型分类汇编加强版：阅读理解A 篇1 One 【2018届上海市上海实验学校高三英语10月考试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection B ( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A)Zelda Fitzgerald, as is revealed by numerous personal books and letters, wore many labels in her her life. life. life. She She She was was was ―the ―the o riginal original original flapperǁ flapperǁ girl girl and and and ―the ―the spirit spirit of of of the the the Jazz Jazz Jazz Age.ǁ Age.ǁ Married Married to to to the the celebrated writer F. Scott Fitzgerald (author of The Great Gatsby ), she was by turns his muse and ), she was by turns his muse and the woman who ruined his life. In her later years she was ―Crazy Zelda.ǁAccurate Accurate as as as all all all these these these descriptions descriptions descriptions may may may be, be, be, they they they do do do not not not tell tell tell the the the whole whole whole story. story. Born Born in in Montgomery, Alabama, she was noted for her beauty and high spirits in dancing. In July 1918, at a country club dance, Fitzgerald was hooked immediately by the beautiful and charming 18-year-old Zelda who outshined other beauties with her distinguished ballet. A light affection evolved into a lengthy long-distance pursuit of weekly letters, with Fitzgerald aware of her uncommitted dating of other men. He courted her feverishly, reading her his stories and parts of his unfinished novel. He He proposed proposed proposed after after after his his his discharge discharge discharge from from from the the the Army Army Army in in in February February February 1919, 1919, 1919, but but but Zelda Zelda Zelda had had had doubts. doubts. doubts. Her Her fiancé wasn’t rich and there was no guarantee he’d ever be famous. His short stories didn’t sell. His His attempt attempt attempt was was was a a a dump. dump. dump. Zelda Zelda Zelda gave gave gave back back back the the the ring. ring. ring. Hoping Hoping Hoping to to to fix fix fix the the the ―no ―no moneyǁ moneyǁ part part part of of of his his problem, problem, Fitzgerald quit the job and started to rewrite Fitzgerald quit the job and started to rewrite novels for success and money so that he could win back his girl. Finally, he made it ！On March 20, 1920, his novel This Side of Paradise got published and Zelda agreed to marry him. However, their marriage was troubled by wild drinking, fighting, infidelity （不忠）and bitter recriminations(互相指责). ). Earnest Earnest Earnest Hemingway, Hemingway, Hemingway, whom whom whom Zelda Zelda Zelda disliked, disliked, disliked, blamed blamed blamed her her her for for for Scott’s Scott’s declining declining literary literary literary output, output, output, though though though she she she has has has also also also been been been portrayed portrayed portrayed as as as the the the victim victim victim of of of an an an overbearing overbearing husband. husband. Actually, Actually, Actually, Zelda Zelda Zelda was was was also also also creative, creative, creative, pursuing pursuing pursuing both both both dancing dancing dancing and and and writing. writing. writing. Some Some Some scholars scholars have portrayed Zelda as a creative talent ignored by the patriarchal （男权的）society of the day. Her inspiration was even drawn by her husband in literary creation. Scott used their relationship as material material in in in his his his novels, novels, novels, even even even borrowing borrowing borrowing episodes episodes episodes from from from Zelda’s Zelda’s Zelda’s diary diary diary and and and applying applying applying them them them into into into his his fictional writings. She detested her husband’s practice: ―Mr. Fitzgerald—I believe that is how he spells his name —seems to believe that plagiarism begins at home.ǁ To seek an artistic i—seems to believe that plagiarism begins at home.ǁ To seek an artistic i dentity of her own, Zelda wrote independently to declare her own value, as she put it ―I wish I could write a beautiful book to break those hearts that are soon to cease to exist.ǁNevertheless Nevertheless her her her unique unique unique personality personality personality was was was starting starting starting to to to seem seem seem more more more unbalanced unbalanced unbalanced than than than charming. charming. The couple —like the rest of the nation —was living on borrowed time. In October 1929 the stock market crashed, triggering the Great Depression. Six months later, Zelda suffered her first nervous breakdown. After being diagnosed with schizophrenia （精神分裂）, she was increasingly confined to specialist clinics, and since then has departed with her husband. Zelda died later in a fire at her hospital in Asheville, North Carolina, putting an end to her flamboyant life. 56. Where will you most probably find this article? A. In a newspaper. B. In a literary magazine. C. In a prepared speech. D. In a research report. 57. Which phrase can best summarize the relationship between F. Scott Fitzgerald and Zelda? A. Ideal partnership. B. Unbalanced love relationship. C. Love-hate relationship. D. Mutually-jealous relationship. 58. Which of the following is TRUE according to the article? A. Fitzgerald successfully won Zelda’s heart by reading her his novels and writing her weekly letters. B. B. Hemingway Hemingway Hemingway disliked disliked disliked Zelda Zelda Zelda because because because of of of her her her female female female identity identity identity and and and talent talent talent that that that outshined outshined outshined her her husband. C. Zelda was glad to be her husband’s muse and provided him with literary materials.D. The ―Crazy Zeldaǁ died without Fitzgerald’s companion after severe schizophrenia.Keys: 56-58 BCDTwo 【2018届上海市上海实验中学高三英语下学期4月考试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection B ( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A) I was a second-year medical student at the university, and was on my second day of rounds at a a nearby nearby nearby hospital. hospital. hospital. My My My university's university's university's philosophy philosophy philosophy was was was to to to get get get students students students seeing seeing seeing patients patients patients early early early in in in their their education. education. Nice Nice Nice idea, idea, idea, but but but it it it overlooked overlooked overlooked one one one detail: detail: detail: second-year second-year second-year students students students know know know next next next to to to nothing nothing about medicine. Assigned to my team that day was an attending — a senior faculty member who was there mostly mostly to to to make make make patients patients patients feel feel feel they they they weren't weren't weren't in in in the the the hands hands hands of of of amateurs. amateurs. amateurs. Many Many Many attendings attendings attendings were were researchers who didn't have much recent hospital experience. Mine was actually an arthritis (关节炎) specialist. Also along was a resident (the real boss, with a staggering mastery of medicine, at least to a rookie like myself). In addition there were two interns(住院实习医生). These guys were just as green as I was, but in a scarier way: they had recently graduated from the medical school, so they were technically MDs. I began the day at 6:30 am. An intern and I did a quick check of our eight patients; later, we were to present our findings to the resident and then to the attending. I had three patients and the intern had the other five - piece of cake. But when I arrived in the room of 71-year-old Mr. Adams, he was sitting up in bed, sweating heavily and panting (喘粗气). He'd just had a hip operation and looked terrible. I listened to his lungs with my stethoscope, but they sounded clear. Next I checked the log of his vital signs and saw that his respiration and heart rate had been climbing, but his temperature was steady. It didn't seem like heart failure, nor did it appear to be pneumonia （肺炎）. So I asked Mr. Adams what he thought was going on. "It's really hot in here, Doc," he replied. So I attributed his condition to the stuffy room and told him the rest of the team would return in a few hours. He smiled and feebly waved goodbye. At 8:40 a.m., during our team meeting, "Code Blue Room 307!" blared from the loudspeaker. I froze. That was Mr. Adams's room. When we arrived, he was motionless. The autopsy (尸体解剖) later found Mr. Adams had suffered a massive pulmonary embolism (肺部栓塞). A blood clot had formed in his leg, worked its way to his lungs, and cut his breathing capacity capacity in in in half. half. His symptoms had been textbook : : heavy heavy heavy perspiration perspiration perspiration and and and shortness shortness shortness of of of breath breath despite clear lungs. The only thing was: I hadn't read that chapter in the textbook yet. And I was too scared, insecure, and proud to ask a real doctor for help. This mistake has haunted me for nearly 30 years, but what's particularly frustrating is that the same medical education system persists. Who knows how many people have died or suffered harm at the hands of students as naive as I, and how many more will? 56. 56. Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital? Why was the author doing rounds in a hospital? A. He himself wanted to have practice. B. Students of all majors had to do so. C. It was part of his medical training. D. He was on a research team. 57.While the author was examining Mr. Adams, all the following symptoms caught his attention EXCEPT _________. A. moving difficulty B. steady temperature C. faster heart rate D. breathing problem 58. ―His symptoms had been textbook ǁ means that his symptoms were_________. A. part of the textbook B. no longer in the textbook C. recently included in the textbook D. explained in the textbook 59. 59. At At the the end end end of of of the the the passage, passage, passage, the the the author author author expresses expresses expresses _________ _________ _________ about about about the the the medical medical medical education education system. A. optimism B. hesitation C. concern D. support Keys: 56-59 CADC Three 【2018届上海市华东师大二附中高三英语下学期3月考试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection B ( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A)Mrs. Bridge said that she judged people by their shoes and by their manners at the table. If someone wore shoes with run-over heels, or shoes that had not been shined for a long time, or shoes with broken laces, you could be pretty sure this person would be careless in other things as well. And there was no better way to judge a persons background than by watching him or her at the table. The children learned it was impolite to talk while eating, or to chew with the mouth open, and as they grew older they learned the more subtle manners not to butter an entire slice of bread, not to take more than one biscuit at a time, unless, of course, the hostess should insist. They were taught to keep their elbows close to their sides while cutting meat, and to hold the utensils in the tips of their fingers. They resisted the temptation to sup up the gravy with a piece of bread, and they made sure to leave a little of everything-not enough to be called wasteful, but just a little to indicate the meal had been suit And ally, they learned that a lady or a gentleman does not fold up a napkin after eating in a public place. The girls absorbed these matters with greater facility than Douglas, who tended to ask the son for everything, sometimes observing that he thought it was all pretty silly. He seemed particularly unable to eat with his left hand lying in his lap; he wanted to leave it on the table, to prop himself up, us it were, and claimed be got a backache with one arm in his lap. Mrs, Bridge told him this was absurd, and when he wanted to know why he could not put his elbow on the table she replied, " Do you want to be different from everyone else?ǁDouglas was doubtful, but after a long silence, and under the weight of his mother’stranquil gaze, he at last concluded he didn’t.The The American American American habit habit habit of of of switching switching switching implement, implement, implement, however, however, continued continued to to to give give give him him him trouble trouble andmake andmake him him him rebellious. rebellious. rebellious. With With With elaborate elaborate elaborate care care care he he he would would would put put put down down down the the the knife, knife, knife, reach reach reach high high high across across hisplate and descend on the left side to pick up the fork, raising it high over the plate again as hereturned to the starting position. "Now sop acting ridiculous, " she told him one day at lunch. Well, I sure bet the Egyptians don’t have to eat this way ,ǁ he muttered, giving ―Egyptiansǁ a vengeful emphasis.―I doubt if they do, she replied calmly, expertly cutting a triangle of pineapple from hersalad, "but you' re not an Egyptinn, So you eat the way Americans eat, and that’s final.ǁ56. Which of the following was considered acceptable table manners by Mrs. Bridge A. Fold up a napkin after having a meal in a public place B. Take more than one biscuits if the hostess insists C. Put the elbow on the table while eating D. Butter an entire slice of bread 57. Douglas claimed that he got a backache with one arm in his lap, because______. A.he didn’t want to be different from othersB. he was worried that his back might ache soon C. no one answered his question about the table manners D. he had to find an excuse for not obeying the rules 58. What did Douglas mean by saying "I sure bet the Egyptians don’t have to eat this way"? A. He thought it ridiculous to have the strange old table manners B. He didn’t think Americans should learn from the Egyptians.C. He thought Egyptians used to have strict rules about eating D. He hoped that his mothers could give in to him if he insisted. 59. what's the probable reason why Mrs Bridge put much emphasis on table manners? A. She believed that good table manners is a reflection of her family's social position B. She didn't want her family to be considered wasteful C. She thought it necessary to cultivate her children’s good eating habitsD. She found it embarrassing to obey her sons wishes Keys: 56-59:BDAA Four 【2018届上海市华东师大二附中高三英语11月考试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection B ( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A)Shoppers Shoppers in in in the the the UK UK UK are are are spending spending spending less less less money money money on on on toilet toilet toilet paper paper paper to to to save save save money,research money,research money,research has has shown. Penny pinching UK consumers choose cheaper products from discounters such as Aldi and Lidi rather than luxury alternatives. This has wiped 6% off the value of the soft tissue paper market in the UK.It has shrunk from £1.19 1.19 billion billion billion in in in 2011 2011 2011 to to to ££1.12 1.12 billion billion billion in in in 2015,according 2015,according 2015,according to to to a a a new new new report report report from from from market market market research research company Mintel.Furthermore,the future of the market looks far from rosy,with sales expected to fall future of the market looks far from rosy,with sales expected to fall further to £1.11 billion in 2016. In the last year alone,despite an increase in the UK population and a subsequent rise in the number of households,sales of toilet paper fell by 2%,with the average household reducing their toilet roll spending from £43 in 2014 to £41 in 2015. Overall,almost three in five people say they try to limit their usage of paper-including facial tissue tissue and and and kitchen kitchen kitchen roll roll roll——to to save save save money."Strength,softness money."Strength,softness and and thickness thickness thickness remain remain remain the the the leading leading indicators indicators ODM ODM ODM toilet toilet toilet paper paper paper quality,with quality,with quality,with just just just a a a small small small proportion proportion proportion of of of consumers consumers consumers preferring preferring preferring more more luxurious luxurious alternatives,such alternatives,such alternatives,such as as as those those those with with with flower flower flower patterns patterns patterns or or or perfume,"said perfume,"said perfume,"said Mintel Mintel Mintel analyst analyst analyst Jack Jack Duckett."These extra features are deemed unnecessary by the majority of shoppers,which probably probably reflects reflects reflects how how how these these these types types types of of of products products products are are are typically typically typically more more more expensive expensive expensive than than than regular regular regular toilet toilet paper, even when on special offer." While consumers are spending less on toilet paper,they remain fussy-in theory at least-when it it comes comes comes to to to paper paper paper quality.Top quality.Top of of Britons' Britons' Britons' toilet toilet toilet paper paper paper wish wish wish list list list is is is softness(57%)followed softness(57%)followed softness(57%)followed by by strength(45%)and thickness(36%). One in 10 buyers rank toilet rolls made from recycled paper among their top considerations,highlighting considerations,highlighting how how how overall overall overall the the the environment environment environment is is is much much much less less less of of of a a a consideration consideration consideration for for shoppers shoppers than than than product product product quality.In quality.In quality.In a a a challenge challenge challenge for for for manufactures,81% manufactures,81% manufactures,81% of of of paper paper paper product product product users users users said said they they would would would consider consider consider buying buying buying recycled recycled recycled toilet toilet toilet tissue tissue tissue if if if it it it were were were comparable comparable comparable in in in quality quality quality to to to standard standard paper. 56.The market sales of toilet paper have decreased because. ABritons have cut their spending on it B.its prices have gone up over the year C.its quality has seen marked improvement D.Britons have developed the habit of saving 57.What does the author think of the future of the tissue paper market in the UK? A.It will expand in time. B.It will remain gloomy. C.It will experience ups and downs. D.It will recover as population grows. 58.What do we learn about Britons concerning toilet paper? A.They are particular about the quality of toilet paper. B.They emphasize the strength of toilet paper the most. C.They prefer cheap toilet paper to recycled toilet paper. D.They reject using toilet paper with unnecessary features. 59.What can we infer from the last paragraph? A.More and more Britons buy recycled toilet paper to protect the environment. B.Toilet paper manufacturers are facing a great challenge in promoting its sales. C.Toilet paper manufacturers compete with one another to improve. D.Environmental protection is not much of a concern when Britons buy toilet paper. Keys: 56-59 ABAD Five 【2018届上海市上海中学高三英语模拟考试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection B ( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) The teacherwho did the most to encourage me was, as it happens, my aunt.She was Myrtle C. Manigault, the the wife wife wife of of of my my my mother's mother's mother's brother brother brother Bill. Bill. Bill. She She She taught taught taught me me me in in in second second second gradeat gradeat gradeat all-black all-black Summer School in Camden, New Jersey. During my childhood and youth, Aunt Myrtle encouragedme to develop every aspect of my potential, without regard for what wasconsidered practical or possible for black females.I liked to sing; sing; shelistened shelistened shelistened to to to my my my voice voice voice and and and pronounced pronounced pronounced it it it good.I good.I good.I couldn't couldn't couldn't dance; dance; dance; she she she taught taught taught me me me thebasic thebasic dancing steps.She took me to the theatre-not just children's theatre butadult comedies and dramas-and her faiththat I could appreciate adult plays was not disappointed. My My aunt aunt aunt also also also took took took down down down books books books from from from her her her extensivelibrary extensivelibrary extensivelibrary and and and shared shared shared them them them with with with me.I me.I me.I had had books at home, but they were all serious classics.Even as a child I had a strongliking for humour, and I'llnever forget the joy of discovering Don Marquis's Archy & Mehitabel throughher. Most important, perhaps, Aunt Myrtle provided myfirst opportunity to write for publication.A writer herself for one of the black newspapers, she suggested my name to theeditor as a "youth columnist". My column, begun when I was fourteen,was supposed to cover teenage social activities-and it did-but it also gave methe freedom to write on many other subjects as well as as the the the habit habit habit of of of gatheringmaterial, gatheringmaterial, gatheringmaterial, the the the discipline discipline discipline of of of meeting meeting meeting deadlines, deadlines, deadlines, and, and, and, after after after graduation graduation fromcollege six years later, a solid collection of published material that carriedmy name and was my passport to a series of writing jobs. Today Aunt Myrtle is still an enthusiastic supporter of her "favouriteniece". Like a diamond, she she has has has reflected reflected reflected a a a bright, bright, bright, multifaceted multifaceted multifaceted ((多面的) ) image image image of of of possibilities possibilities possibilities to to to every every every pupilwho pupilwho pupilwho has has crossed her path. 56. Which of the following did Aunt Myrtle do to the author during her childhoodand youth? A. She lent her some serious classics. B. She cultivated her taste for music. C. She discovered her talent for dancing. D. She introduced her to adult plays. 57. What does Archy & Mehitabel in Paragraph 3 probably refer to? A. A book of great fun. B. A writer of high fame. C. A serious masterpiece. D. A heartbreaking play. 58. Aunt Myrtle recommended the author to a newspaper editor mainly to ________. A. develop her capabilities for writing B. give her a chance to collect material C. involve her in teenage social activities D. offer her a series of writing jobs 59. We can conclude from the passage that Aunt Myrtle was a teacher who________. A. trained pupils to be diligent and well-disciplined B. gave pupils confidence in exploiting their potential C. emphasized what was practical or possible for pupils D. helped pupils overcome difficulties in learning Keys: 56-59 DAAB [来Six 【2018届上海市建平中学高三英语11月考试题】III. Reading ComprehensionSection B ( 22%)Directions: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read. (A) Not too many decades ago it seemed ―obviousǁ both to the general public and to sociologists that that modern modern modern society society society has has has changed changed changed people’s people’s people’s natural natural natural relations, relations, relations, loosened loosened loosened their their their responsibilities responsibilities responsibilities to to relatives and neighbors, and substituted in their place loose relationships with passing acquaintances(相识之人). However, in recent years a growing body of research has revealed that the the ―obviousǁ ―obviousǁ i s is is not not not true. true. true. It It seems seems that that that if if if you you you are are are a city a city resident, resident, you you you typically typically typically know know know a a a smaller smaller proportion of your neighbors than you do if you are a resident of a smaller community. But, for the most most part, part, part, this this fact fact has has has few few few significant significant significant consequences. consequences. consequences. It It It does does does not not not necessarily necessarily necessarily follow follow follow that that that if if if you you know few of your neighbors you will know no one else. Even in very large cities, people maintain close social ties within small, private social worlds. Indeed, the number and quality of meaningful relationships do not differ between more and less urban people. Small-town residents are more involved with relatives than are big-city residents are. Yet city residents make up for it by developing friendships with people who share similar interests and activities. Urbanism may produce a different style of life, but the quality of life does not differ between town and city. Nor are residents of large communities more likely to display psychological symptoms of stress or alienation, a feeling of not belonging, than are residents of smaller communities are. However, city residents do worry more about crime, and this leads them to a distrust of strangers. These These findings findings findings do do do not not not imply imply imply that that that urbanism urbanism urbanism makes makes makes little little little or or or no no no difference. difference. difference. If If If neighbors neighbors neighbors are are strangers to one another, they are less likely to sweep the sidewalk of an elderly couple living next door or keep an eye out for young trouble makers. Moreover, as Wirth suggested, there may be be a a a link link link between between between a a a community’s community’s community’s population population population size size size and and and its its its social social social heterogeneity(heterogeneity(多样性). ). For For instance, sociologists have found much evidence that the size of a community is associated with bad behavior including gambling, drugs, etc. Large-city residents are also more likely than their 。

2018届上海市各高中名校高三英语题型分类专题汇编--语法填空-(带答案精准校对加强版)

II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Sizing Up Carbon FootprintsKelsey Schroeder was “born green”, according to her mother, and she takes that environmental enthusiasm to class with her at the Oak Knoll School of the Holy Child in Summit, N. J.. The 12-year-old (21)_____ (be) a driving force in greening her school since she was a fourth-grader. But (22)______really motivates kids — especially the sort of achievers who attend an exemplary private school like Oak Knoll — is a little competition. So when Schroeder and her classmates found out about a website (23) _____ (launch) last year that sets teams from around the country against one another in a contest to see who could be (24)______(green), they jumped on board. Her seventh-grade Royal Acorns team is Carbonrally’s the most recent champion,(25)_____ (save) 11.21 tons of climate-changing CO2 to date.(26)_____Americans grow more green-minded, more of them want to approach environmentalism in concrete terms. Thanks to websites like Carbonrally, one increasingly popular way to do so is by measuring and measurably reducing our carbon footprints — the greenhouse gases we’re responsible for (27)_____(emit). The more dependent we are (28)_____ fossil fuels, the bigger our carbon footprints; unsurprisingly, Americans, who are responsible for more than 20 tons of CO2 per capita annually, have some of the biggest feet in the world. How big?A recent study by a class at the Massachusetts Institute of Technology found that even a homeless American (29)_____ have a carbon footprint of 8.5 tons —twice (30)_______global average. “We have contributed more than our fair share to this problem,” says Katherine Wroth, a senior editor at the green website . “It seems logical that we would want to contribute to the solution.”Keys: 21. has been 22. what 23. launched 24. greener 25. having saved26. As 27. on 28. emitting 29. would 30. theII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections：After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Some ambitious office workers will stop at nothing to get ahead. And the use of email has provided an entire new box of dirty tricks for employees (21)______(hope) to climb the career ladder. Pushy office workers keen (22) ________(impress) bosses are increasingly using “ego mail” as a way to get ahead of their colleagues. And it seems men are the worst offenders.Showing off – or showing a colleague up - by copying management into an email thread is becoming more common, according to a study from a Cambridge scholar. Professor David De Cremer, of Cambridge University’s Judge Business School, found that workers who regularly CC, or “carbon copy,” their boss into email replies do so to unsettle their co-workers. “This finding suggests that when your co-workers copy your supervisor very often, they (23)______be doing so strategically, (24)________ they consciously know what the effect will be on you,’”he wrote in the Harvard Business Review.Men who “have no shame” are far more likely to engage these underhand tactics than women, according to Professor Tom Jackson of Loughborough University. “Interestingly from our research I would say that males are much more (25)________(focus) on doing this. Females might know how to do it (26)________ may not actually do it. Males have no shame - they just go ahead and do it,” he said. The method does seem to work, he added, because managers often remember (27)________ (pushy) employees when promoting members of staff.The ego email tactics could mean that women are missing out on promotions that are instead handed to male colleagues less embarrassed about using messages to show off. Some office workers go out of their way to email bosses at anti-social hours to show their commitment (28)_______the job. The study found that many would schedule messages (29)________(send) to management late at night or early in the morning to make it appear they are working even when they are not.This sort of behaviour could increase illness and stress in the workplace, according to experts. David D’Souza, of human resources organization the Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, said ego emailing was a sign of an unhealthy working environment (30)_______employees were “fearful” for their jobs.Keys: 21.hoping 22.to impress 23.may 24. as 25. focused26. but 27. pushier 28. to 29. to be sent 30. whereII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.New England, USA is the vacation land of many people from other parts of the country, because there are so many lakes, waterfalls, and beautiful spots for camps, streams for fishing, and in the Maine woods places for hunting deer and mouse. In New Hampshire there are mountains called the White Mountains and one of these White Mountain, (21) ______ (name) after our First President, is Mount Washington. It is the highest mountain in this part of the country , and just(22)_______ it is so high many people like to climb it. All along the New England coast are places(23) people go to spend the summer, because this part of the country is so cool while the rest of the country is so hot.But the thing that New England is (24)_______ (proud) of its schools and colleges. In their mills they make things, and in their schools and colleges they make men. Two of the most noted colleges in the country are in New England -Yale is in Connecticut and Harvard is in Massachusetts. Harvard is the oldest college in the United States.(25) (stick) out from Massachusetts like a long, (26) (bend) finger, (27)______ ______signaling people across the water to come to Massachusetts, is a piece of land called Capel Cod. It was named in honor of the codfish, because codfish are so plentiful in those waters, and they are caught and dried (28) _____ great quantities and shipped everywhere.The finger of Cape Cod has beckoned to (召唤）people of (29) _____ lands than England. People who speak strange languages have come to New England to work in factories and mills, (30) now almost one quarter of the people in New England are not from England; they are not Yankees.Keys: 21. named 22.because 23.where 24.proudest 25.Sticking26. bent 27.as if 28.in 29.other 30.so thatII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.In short, those elf stories in Iceland might have represented a vague yet desperate attempt at control: if you did the right thing and helped out a hidden person, then at least through your response you had a tiny bit of power over your own destiny.In a category of their own (21) (be) the tales of elves who abducted mortal children or lured away adolescents. Those may have reflected an event more grim reality: children and teenagers who routinely died or went (22) (miss). Partly this happened (23) the adults had to work constantly and could not always be on call to supervise. During the summers they often had to work some distance from the farm,and when they did they would leave their children unattended for (24) (long) periods. Any number of things could happen to those children. They might wander off somewhere, possibly falling into a river, (25) a cliff, or into a deep crevice in the landscape. Or maybe the children (26)______were out working, with all the associated perils. As clearly as the age of five they were put into work watching the sheep, sometimes in a distant field.Imagine (27) a fog crept in and they tried to find their way home, only (28)_______ (become) hopeless lost. They could even have an accident, far from any available help. And so the (29)_______(bereave) parents,tormented by guilt, might conjure up a story in which their children had not,in fact,died,but had been taken away by elves who could provide a good life for them-even better than the one they (30)_______(provide).To the Icelanders,stories of elves and hidden people are an integral part of the cultural and psychological fabric of our nation. They are a part of our identity, a reflection of the struggles, hopes, resilience and endurance of our people. As such,they are very dear to us.Keys: 21.were 22.missing 23.because 24.longer 25.off26.whoever 27.if 28.to become29.bereaved 30.could have providedII．Grammar and Vocabulary Section ASection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Today the Statue of Liberty is a beloved landmark. It (21) (tower) above of the harbor of New York and is lovingly cared for by the National Park Service. Many thousands of visitors who visit Liberty Island each year might never suspect that getting the statue (22) (build) was a long slow struggle. More than a century ago, it (23)____ (be) the celebration of freedom and the commemoration of the friendship between America and France that inspired sculptor Auguste Bartholdi and finally he went forward with designing the potential statue and promoting the idea of building it. However, money was so big a problem (24) was haunting the two governments from the beginning to the end.Donations for the building of the statue first began coming in throughout France in 1875. Numerous people gave donations. A copper company donated the copper sheets that would be used to fashion the skin of the statue. Various donations were helpful, (25)_____ the cost of the statue kept riding. (26) (face) with a shortfall of money, the French-American Union held a lottery. Merchants in Paris donated prizes, and tickets were sold. Th e lottery was a success, but more money was still needed. The sculptor Bartholdi eventually sold miniature versions of the statue, (27) the name of the buyer engraved on them.Finally, in July 1880 the French-American Union announced that enough money had been raised to complete the building of the statue.While the French had announced that the funds for the statues were in place in 1880, by late 1882 the American donations, which would be needed to build the pedestal,were sadly lagging. The sculptor Bartholdi had travelled to America in 1871 to promote the idea of the statue. Despite Bartholdi’s efforts, the idea of the statue was difficult (28) (sell).Some newspapers, most notably the New York Times, often criticized the statue as folly, and vehemently opposed (29) (spend) any money on it. The newspaper publisher Joseph Pulitzer, who had purchased a New York City daily, The World, in the early1880s, took us the cause of the statue’s pedestal. He mounted an energetic fund drive, promising to print the name of each donor, (30) small the donation, Pulitzer’s audacious plan worked, and millions of people around the country began donating whatever they could.In August 1885, that final $100,000 for the statue; the pedestal had been raised. Construction work on the stone structure continued, and the next year the Statue of Liberty, which had arrived from France packed in crated, was erected on top.Keys: 21. towers 22. built 23. were 24. as 25. but26. faced 27. with 28. to sell 29. spending 30 howeverII．Grammar and Vocabulary Section ADirection: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.At least 10 terrorists were killed and nine policeman (21) (wound) on Sunday during a security raid in Giza province near the capital Cairo, the Egyptian Interior Ministry said in a statement.The terrorists were extremist elements (22) (escape) from North Sinai province and hiding in two apartments in Giza’s Ard al-Liwaa district in preparation for carrying out a number of terror operations, said the police statement.“Fire exchange with eight militants in the first apartment led to killing of them and shootout in the (23) apartment killed two,” said the statement , noting that the gunfire was started by the militants and it continued for four hours.“One of them threw an explosive device at the forces but it blew him off,” it added.The police said that the confrontations wounded nine policeman (24) four machine guns and ammunition were seized during the raid.Since March, similar security campaigns killed about 50 militants in the provinces of Cairo,Giza, Alexandria, Beheira, Fayoum, Qalioubiya,Minufiya, Ismailia and others.Egypt has been fighting against a wave of terror activities (25) killed hundreds of policemen and soldiers since the military toppled former Islamist president Mohamed Morsi in July 2013 in response to mass protests (26) his one-year rule and his currently outlawed Muslim Brotherhood group.Terror attacks in Egypt (27) focus on police and military men in North. Sinai before spreading nationwide and targeting the Coptic minority as well,with most of them (28)_______(claim) by a Sinai-based group loyal to the regional Islamic State militant group.Another militant group (29) (refer) to itself as Hasm, which appeared late last year and is regarded by the police as an affiliate with the Brotherhood, claimed responsibility for a number of terrorist attacks that killed several policemen in the country.Meanwhile, the Egyptian military and police have killed hundreds of militants and arrested a similar number of suspects as part of the country’s anti-terror war (30) (declare) by President Abdel-Fattah al-Sisi, the army chief then, following Morsi’s removal.Keys: 21.were wounded 22.escaping 23.other 24.while 25.that26.against ed to 28.claimed 29.referred 30.declaredII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.A great deal of attention (21)_________ (pay) today to the so-called digital divide--the division of the world into the info(information) rich and the info poor at present. And that divide does exist today. My wife and I lectured about this looming danger twenty years ago. What was (22)_______ (visible) then, however, were the new, positive forces that work against the digital divide. There are reasons to be optimistic.There are technological reasons to hope the digital divide will narrow. (23)______ the Internet becomes more and more commercialized, it is in the interest of business to universalize access-after all, the more people online, the more potential customers there are. More and moregovernments, afraid their countries will be left behind, want to spread Internet access. Within the next decade or two, one to two billion people on the planet (24)_______(net) together. As a result, I now believe the digital divide will narrow (25)______ ______widen in the years ahead. And that is very good news because the Internet (26)______well be the most powerful tool for combating world poverty that we've ever had.Of course, the use of the Internet isn't the only way to defeat poverty. And the Internet is not the only tool we have. But it has enormous potential.(27)_________(take)advantage of this tool, some impoverished countries will have to get over their outdated anti-colonial prejudices with respect to foreign investment. Countries(28)________ still think foreign investment is an invasion of their sovereignty might well study the history of infrastructure(the basic structural foundations of a society) in the United States. When the United States built (29)________industrial infrastructure, it didn't have the capital to do so. And that is (30)_______ America's Second Wave infrastructure- including roads, harbors, highways, ports and so on-were built with foreign investment.Keys: 21.is being paid 22.less visible 23.As 24.will be netted 25.rather than26.may 27.To take 28. that 29.its 30.whySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.Kazuo Ishiguro, who won this year’s Nobel Prize in Literature, has a number of strings to his bow, or rather his guitar.u The 62-year-old is world famous as a writer of fiction, but his early dream was to be a great singer and songwriter, like last year’s winner, Bob Dylan.His friend and former publisher Robert McCrum recalls the young Ishiguro (21) (turn) up at the publishing house Faber and Faber with a bunch of his stories in one hand and a guitar over his shoulder. It was his stories (22) earned him the great honor he received two weeks ago (23) his name indicates, Ishiguro comes from a Japanese background, although he came to Britain from Japan at the age of 5 and is a British citizen who writes in English.He(24)________(educate) at the University of East Anglia, a school that has become known for training writers.Ishiguro’s writing is highly restrained. His characters are often reluctant to express (25) , except in a kind of code. This certainly gives his writing a quality in common with that of Jane Austen, an author to (26) he is often compared. The best example of this is his novel The Remains of the Day, which later became a successful film.The central character of the book is a butler called Stevens. He is an extremely loyal servant to an English lord, and is a character who some might call repressed. He misses out on affection and love (27) he will not confess his feelings to anyone.The story is told by Stevens, and his style is as polite and unrevealing as his behavior. Of course, we (28) read between the lines to uncover the “real” story, which isn’t quite the one the butler is telling. Stevens finds it a challenge (29) (communicate), and communication is often a theme in Ishiguro’s novels.In this author’s sense of the world, there is a gap between our feelings and our ability to communicate them. The Nobel Committee emphasized this theme (30) it talked about Ishiguro’s work. The writer has, the committee claimed, “in novels of great emotional force ... uncovered the abyss beneath our illusory sense of connection with the world”.Keys: 21. turning 22. that23. As 24. was educated25. themselves26. whom 27. because 28. have to 29. to communicate30. whenII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.New UK Banknotes Causes ComplaintsAn argument has started over the use of the new plastic £5 (about 43 yuan) note in the UK.A petition (请愿) to the Bank of England has been launched by the thousands of vegetarians, --- (21) ______ (call) for the use of tallow (动物脂油), a substance made from animal fat, in thebanknotes to be stopped.The new £5 note, or fiver, (22) ______ features former prime minister Winston Churchill, is the UK’s first-ever bill (23) ______ (make) from a polymer (聚合材料). Its strong structure means it can deal with dirt and moisture better than the paper bill (24) ______ replaced.The notes started being used in September, and around 440 million new fivers (25) ______ (believe) to already be in circulation.“I understand old notes contain stuff as well --- we can’t do anything about what is already in use --- but the fact that they are producing new ones is (26) ______ really angers me.” Doug Maw, who started the petition, told the Press Association. “There have got to be other ways of making money without using animal products.”But in the eyes of Australian scientist David Solomon, who developed the first polymer bank note in Australia in 1988, the new £5 (27) ______ (contain) incredibly small amounts of tallow, which is also found in candles and soap.“It picks up fewer drugs than paper notes and you don’t chop down trees,” he told The Independent. “It’s more hygienic (卫生的) than a paper note by a long way.”It's not the first time that the latest version of the fiver (28) ______ (cause) controversy (争议). Another petition was created (29) ______ it was announced that Winston Churchill would replace English social reformer Elizabeth Fry on the face of the note, meaning no English banknotes would feature women (30) ______ ______ Queen Elizabeth II.After thousands expressed their anger, it was announced that British novelist Jane Austin would be the face of the new £10 note from summer 2017.Keys: 21. calling22. which23. made24. it25. are believed26. what 27. contain28. has caused29. when30. apart fromII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.It’s time to go out for a run!As little as five minutes of running or jogging each day can help people reduce their risk of premature death by nearly one-third and extend their lives by about three years, according to a U.S. study.The researchers tracked the exercise habits of over 55,000 adults in the United States for six to twenty-two years. About 24 percent of the adults described themselves (21)_____ runners. Compared to those who didn’t run, those who did were 30 percent (22)_____(likely) to die of any cause during the course of the study. These figures (23)_____(adjust) to take into account people’s smoking and drinking habits, how old they were (24)_____ they enrolled in the study, their family’s health history and their other exercise h abits.The researchers divided up the roughly 13,000 runners into five groups (25)_____(base) on how many minutes they ran per week. Those (26)_____ were in the lowest group ran up to 50 minutes over a seven-day period, and those in the highest group ran for more than 175 minutes over the course of a week. According to the study, the benefits of running were pretty much the same for all runners.“Running even at lower doses or slower speeds was associated with significant benefits,” the researchers wrote in their report. (27)_____(reduce) the risk of premature death, they calculated, all it took was 30 to 59 minutes of running per week.“This finding has clinical and public health importance,” the report continues. “Time is one of the strongest barriers to (28)_____(participate) in physical activity. This study may motivate more people to start running. People who (29)_____ hardly devote 20 minutes to moderate physical activity each day may appreciate the efficiency of a five-minute run.” However, it is not clear (30)_____ the findings of this study would apply to the nation as a whole.Keys: 21. as22. less likely23. were adjusted24. when25. based26. who27. To reduce28. participating29. can30. whetherII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form ofthe given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.While income worry is a rather common problem of the aged, loneliness is another problem that aged parents may face. Of all the reasons (21) _______explain their loneliness, a large geographical distance between parents and their children is the major one. This phenomenon is commonly known as “Empty Nest Syndrome”(空巢综合症).In order to seek (22) ________ (good) chances outside their countries, many young people have gone abroad, (23) ________ (leave) their parents behind with no clear idea of when they will return home. Their parents spend countless lonely days and nights, taking care of themselves, in the hope that someday their children will come back to stay with them. The fact (24) ________ most of these young people have gone to Europeanized or Americanized societies makes it unlikely that they will hold as tightly to the value of duty (25) ________ they would have if they had not left their countries. (26)_________ the case, it has been noted that the values they hold do not necessarily match (27)________ they actually do. This geographical and cultural distance also prevents the grown-up children from providing timely response (28) _________ their aged parents living by themselves.The situation in which grown-up children live far away from their aged parents (29)________(describe) as “distant parent phenomenon”, (30)_______ is common both in developed countries and in developing countries. Our society has not yet been well prepared for “Empty Nest Syndrome”.Keys: 21.that 22.better 23.leaving 24.that 25.as26.whatever 27.what 28.for 29.has been described 30.whichII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passage below, fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.What families need is more affordable urban neighbourhoods with decent schools, safe streets, adequate parks ---and more housing space. As New York University’s Shlomo Angelpoints out, virtually all major cities worldwide（21）_______ (grow) outward more than inward, and becoming less dense in the process --- because density drives families away from urban cores and toward less dense peripheres(外围). The lesson is clear:（22）________cities were families, they should promote a mixture of density options.The solution is not to make war on suburbia, as urbanists have been doing for years. Following the notions (23)________ Jane Jacobs advanced a half-century ago, contemporary urbanists argue that high density creats a (24)______ (strong) sense of community. But that contention isn’t self-evident. The university of California’s Jan Brueckner and Ann Largely conducted 15,000 interviews across the country and found that for every 10 percent drop in population density, the likelihood of someone’s talking to his neighbour once a week went up 10 percent, (25)_______ _______ race ,income, education , martial statue, or age.In California, particularly , state and local officials push policies that favor the development of apartments over single-family houses and town houses. But by trying to cram people into higher-density space, planners help push up prices for the existing stock of family-friendly homes. Such policies have already been practiced for decades in the United Kngdom, (26)________(make) even provincial cities unaffordable, as British social commentator James Heartfield notes. London(27)_______ is among the least affordable cities in the world. Even middle-class residents(28)_______(know) to live in garages, converted bathrooms, and garden sheds.A city that continues to be high-density and high-cost hasn’t necessarily signed its own death warrant. Manhattan, parts of Brooklyn, and much of San Francisco, Seattle, Boston, and other amenity-rich cities---(29)________Tulane University geographer Richard Campanella calls “kiddie deserts” ---continue to flourish, (30)_____________other cities, such as Detroit, Cleveland, and Buffalo, can’t attract the same interest from young hipsters and the rich and are consequently less capable of withstanding the effects of family flight to the suburbs.Keys: 21. are growing 22. if 23.that 24. stronger 25.regardless of26. making 27. itself 28. have been known 29. what 30. butII. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections:After reading the passage below,fill in the blanks to make the passage coherent and。

2018届上海市各高中学校高三英语试题分类汇编--六选四--学生版(精准校对提高版)

Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences listed below. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.An Iowa high school counselor gets a call from a parent protesting the “C” her child received on an assignment. “The parent argued every point in the essay,” recalls the counselor, who soon realized why the mother was so disappointed about the grade. “______67______”In a survey, 90% of new teachers agreed that involving pare nts in their children’s education is a priority at their school, but only 25％described their experience working with parents as “very satisfying.” _____68______73％of new teachers said too many parents treat schools and teachers as enemies.At a time when competition is rising and resources are limited, when battles over testing force schools to adjust their priorities, when cell phones and e-mail speed up the information flow and all kinds of private ghosts and public quarrels slip into the parent-teacher c onference, it’s harder for both sides to step back and breathe deeply and look at the goals they share. _____69_____ But what most teachers feel, and certainly what all parents feel, is anxiety and panic.When a teacher asks parents to be partners, he or she doesn't necessarily mean Mom or Dad should be camping in the classroom. _____70______According to research based on the NationalEducation Longitudinal Study, a sample of nearly 25,000 eighth graders, among four main areas of parental involvement (home discussion, home supervision. school communication, and school participation), home discussion was the most strongly related to academic achievement.Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences listed below. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two sentences more than you need.Guns have a special place in American culture, and though not everyone agrees on whether or not they are a good thing, there is no mistaking that they will be part of the cultural landscape for some time. To answer the question, no, not everyone has a gun._____67_____.Americans use guns for one of two uses: either for sport, where they can use them on firing ranges or for hunting in approved areas, or for self-protection. The latter is where most people begin lo take sides, either arguing for the removal of guns from society or allowing more people to have hem. There are organizations and community groups for both sides and both sides have strong feelings.Legally, there are restrictions on gun owners._____68_____.Only certain kinds of weapons can be purchased by the public, and that excludes automatic weapon and military grade weaponry Gun owners must transport their weapon in a safe way, unloaded and in most cases, out of sight.Special—concealed carry permits from the police station must be obtained for people who want to wear weapon, and most people are rejected for this kind of permit. ______69______. Criminals steal guns or buy them illegally to commit crimes, and the news is foil of terrible stories of what happened next. Occasionally a child will get a hold of legal weapon and accidentally hurt themselves or others.It is important to remember, however, that the news stories that make the United States seem like a dangerous place are deceiving; guns are not everywhere or constant.______70_____. After all. America is a safe place to live.Section CDirections: Fill in each blank in the article with a proper sentence given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note there are tow more sentences than you need.Globalization has significantly influenced food consumption in most parts of world, but one country whose food has a long history of being globalized is Italy. If you walk down any main street in any major world city, you will find at least one Italian restaurant. Furthermore, Italy has seen changes in its own eating habits due to influence from other countries.Food has always been very important for Italian families. Italians take a lot of pride in the making and preparation of food. Until recently, pasts---a basic Italian food--- would have beenmade by people in their local area. Families would also have made the sauces to eat with the pasta at home._______67_______.Nowadays, however, Italian eating habits appear to have changed. People no longer spend so much time preparing their meals. Indeed, frozen or takeaway Italian meals have become very popular in Italy. Furthermore, dried pasta is now mass-produced and sold relatively cheaply in the last five years, according to one manufacturer. _______68_____. This trend is more common in urban areas such as Rome, Milan and Venice, although many smaller towns are also experiencing similar changes.These changes have both advantages and disadvantages. On the plus side, globalization has increased the range of food available in Italy. Italians now have much more choice in terms of what they eat. They also do not need to spend so long preparing and making food, unless of course they want to. In contrast, it can be argued that large restaurant chains are becoming increasingly powerful, resulting in the destruction of local and national specialties. _______69______._______70_______. Convenience foods have replaced many of the traditional home-cooked meals, and the availability of foreign fruits has greatly increased. While this extra choice is welcomed by some, others fear that the damage it may cause to Italian traditions.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.B.C.E.F.“My work is done.” Those words were some of the last penned by George Eastman. He included them in his suicide note. They mark an ignoble end to a noble life, the leave taking of a truly great man. The same words could now be said for the company he left behind. Actually, the Eastman Kodak Company is through. It has been mismanaged financially, technologically and competitively. ______67______. One of America’s bedrock brands is about to disappear, the Kodak moment has passed.But George Eastman is not how he died, and the Eastman Kodak Company is not how it is being killed. Though the ends be needless and premature, they must not be allowed to overshadow the greatness that came before. Few companies have done so much good for so many people, or defined and lifted so profoundly the spirit of a nation and perhaps the world. ______68______.Kodak served mankind through entertainment, science, national defense and the stockpiling of family memories. Kodak took us to the top of Mount Suribachi and to the Sea of Tranquility. It introduced us to the merry old Land of Oz and to stars from Charlie Chaplin to John Wayne, and Elizabeth Taylor to Tom Hanks. _____69_____. When that sailor kissed the nurse, and when the spy planes saw missiles in Cuba, Kodak was the eyes of a nation. From the deck of the Missouri to the grandeur of Monument Valley, Kodak took us there. Virtually every significant image of the 20th Century is a gift to generation from the Eastman Kodak Company. _____70_____. Yes, there were photographers, and for relatively large sums of money they would take unnatural pictures in studios and formal settings. But most people couldn’t afford photographs, and so all they had to remember distant loved ones, or earlier times of their lives, was memory. Children could not know what their parents had looked like as young people, grandparents far away might never learn what their grandchildren looked like. Eastman Kodak allowed memory to move from the uncertainty of recollection, to the permanence of a photograph. But it wasn’t just people whose features were savable; it was events, the precious times that families cherish. The Kodak moment, was humanity’s moment.Section CDirections: Read the following passages. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Choosing the right job is probably one of the most important decisions we have to make in life, and it is frequently one of the hardest decisions we have to make. One important question that you might ask yourself is “How do I get a good job?”_______67______.There are people who can answer an insignificant advertisement in the local paper and land the best job in the world; others write to all sorts of places all over the country, and never seem to get a reply at all．Still others believe that the in person, door-to-door approach is by far the best way to get a job; and then there are those who, through no active decision of their own, just seem to be in the right place at the right time．______68_______. He used to spend a lot of his free time down by the sea watching the tall ships, but never thinking that he might one day sail one of them．His father was a farmer, and being a sailor could never be anything for the boy but an idle dream．One day, on his usual wandering, he heard the captain of the ship complaining that he could not sail because one member of his crew was sick．Without stopping to think, the lad（少年）offered to take his place．_____69______._______70______. If the lad had gone home to ponder（考虑）his decision for a week, he may have missed his chance．It is one thing to be offered an opportunity; it is another thing to take it and use it well.Sometimes we hear stories about people who break all the rules and still seem to land plum jobs（美差）．When you go for a job interview or fill out an application, you are expected to say nice things about the company to which you are applying．But there was one person who landedan excellent job by telling the interviewer all the company’s faults. :And within a year this person had become general manger of the company.Section CDirections:Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below.Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two sentences than you need.This is a dangerous world we live in.The number of murders goes up every year,people are dying of cancer, more people contract（感染）HIV,more teens are using drugs,etc.You know this because you've heard all the statistics on the news and in the paper. _____67______. The numbers are going up,but how do they compare to the growth in population? Are more cases of these diseases being reported because of better testing techniques,or are the diseases more common?The fact is that without knowing the background statistics mean very little.______68______. For example,several years ago a high school student reported the dangers of the chemical known as dihydrogen monoxide（一氧化二氢）.This chemical,found in most cancerous umors（肿瘤）,is often found in the blood of people drunk on alcohol,and causes complete physical and mental dependence for those who take the chemical even once.After reading his report,more than 75% of his Advanced Placement Chemistry class voted to forbid this dangerous chemical!Every one of the above statements is true,yet this chemical is necessary to all life on earth.The students made the mistake because they voted knowing only a few statements and statistics,rather than the chemical's full background._______69______. When one finds a new fact or number,one should try to consider otherimportant information before forming an opinion with only half-truths.Always remember that the author is trying to convince you of his or her own view,and will leave out information that is different to his view.For example,look again at the statistics that suggest skiing is safe.Only people may die each year when skiing,while 897 die from lightning strikes,but which is really the most dangerous?If you think about it,you realize far fewer people go skiing each year than the number of people who are in danger of a lightening strike.When you think about it,skiing is more dangerous than you might at first think when looking at statistics. ______70_____. To be warned is to be prepared.Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Today’s workplace is unique in history. Never before have we seen people working together who represent such different backgrounds and experiences. This difference of age, race, gender, and work style makes it very difficult to organize and run a company.________67_______. Increasingly, managers are discovering that age differences among workers are a major cause of concern.This has been an important realization. The management difficulties and challenges have led some experts to study intergenerational differences for an understanding of problems in the workplace. What they have discovered is interesting and may provide ways of improving working conditions in companies that employ individuals from different generations.The first thing to realize, they say, is that differences of opinion about the importance of work and how to get work done are not a coincidence. _______68_______. In fact, if employers do not pay attention to these differences, it is possible that anger will build up between people and lead to difficulties in the company.Resentment (仇恨) between members of different generations, if not attended to, can lead to extreme anger and unhappiness and even lasting enmity(敌意) if people are not careful. ________69_______. It is natural for individuals from the same generation to form alliances (联盟), to come together for protection. Different generations represent different experiences in life, and these lead naturally to different opinions about oneself and one’s approaches to work.If you were raised in a time of plenty, when products were readily available and relatively inexpensive, you would believe that prosperity is natural and expectable. If, on the other hand, you were raised in a time of scarcity, you would always be careful not to waste things for fear you would not have enough. You would make angry people who seem to believe that problems will always solve themselves. ________70________. It is difficult, in such circumstances, to achieve a happy, agreeable atmosphere in the workplace.Section C.Directions: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentence can only be used once. Note that there are two extra sentences than you need.As recently as 15 years ago, if you wanted to catch up on the news, you could look at a handful of publications or a few nightly programs. And if you wanted to listen to music, you could turn on MTV or fiddle with your radio. People in major cities had more opinions, because a large population can support specialty shops. _______67______ .Today, as we all know, access to information has exploded. One consequence, according to Toure, a cultural critic writing in Salon, is that the ability of pop culture to unify us- he refers to the massive interest in Michael Jackson’s Thriller, or Nirvana’s Never mind-has been eroded, probably forever. Steven Hyden, also writing in Salon, counters that whatever the advantages and disadvantages of a centralized pop-culture authority, the monoculture never actually existed._______68______. Even when it supposedly existed, its content largely depended on other characteristics of your little corner of the world. In the 1992-1993 school year, I was a student at a multiracial and relatively urban junior high school in California’s central valley. We listened to Salt-n-Pepa, Snoop Doggy Dogg, and Kris Kross, with the latter having inspired a trend in which kids wore their clothes backwards. The next year I was enrolled in a mostly white junior high school in leafy Chiago suburb. One of the houses was famous for having appeared in the 1990 film “Home Alone”; the pop ular bands were Nirvana, Hole and the Smashing Pumpkins; and the biggest pop- cultural event of the school year was Kurt Cobain’s suicide.But Toure’s point is about the virtues of common cultural experience. It seems he is recalling centralized media only insofar as it’s a distribution system that fostered that outcome. _______69_______. It doesn’t matter whether a record is released by an important label or an indie (独立制片人); if it’s online, people can usually find, forward,share and promote it. But what’s interesting and perhaps surprising, given that both Toure and Mr Hyden seem to agree that the old distribution favored big media- is that we still have widely shared cultural experiences. Just think of Barack Obama doing the little hand gesture from Beyo ncé’s “Single Ladies ” video. _______70_______. It’s safe to say that the monoculture never really existed,and that some artists still reach a wide audience, whether we like it or not.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.Parents are often upset when their children praise the homes of their friends and regard it as a slur (诋毁) on their own cooking, or cleaning, or furniture, and often are foolish enough to let the teenagers see that they are annoyed. ______67______. Such a loss of dignity and a kind of childish behavior on the part of the adults deeply shocks the teenager, and makes them decide that in future they will not talk to their parents about the place or people they visit. Before very long the parents will be complaining that the child is so secretive and never tells them anything, but they seldom realize that they have brought this on themselves.Disillusionment(醒悟) with the parents, however good and adequate they may be both as parents and as individuals, is to some degree inevitable.______68______. Parents would be greatly surprised and deeply touched if they realized how much belief their children usually have in their character and correctness, and how much this faith means to a child. If parents were prepared for this teen-aged reaction, and realized that it was a sign that the child was growing up and developing valuable powers of observation andindependent judgment, they would not be so hurt, and therefore would not drive the child into opposition by offending and resisting it. The teenagers, with his passion for sincerity, always respects a parent who admits that he is wrong, or ignorant, or even that he has been unfair or unjust. ______69______.Victorian parents believed that they kept their dignity by retreating（伪装）behind an unreasoning authoritarian attitude; in fact they did nothing of the kind, but children were then too frightened to let them know how they really felt. ______70______. It is always wiser and safer to face up to reality, however painful it may be at the moment.Section CDirections: Complete the following passage by using the sentences given below. Each sentenceThe war on smoking, now five decades old and counting, is one of the nation's greatest public health success stories - but not for everyone.As a whole, the country has made amazing progress. In 1964, four in ten adults in the US smoked; today fewer than two in ten do._______67_______.Their failure is the greatest disappointment in an effort to save lives that was started on Jan.11,1964, by the first Surgeon General's Report on Smoking and Health. Its finding thatsmoking is a cause of lung cancer and other diseases was major news then. The hazards of smoking were just starting to emerge.The report led to cigarette warning labels, a ban on TV ads and eventually an anti-smoking movement that shifted the nation's attitude on smoking. Then, smokers were cool. Today,many are outcasts, rejected by restaurants, bars, public buildings and even their own workplaces. Millions of lives have been saved.The formula for success is no longer guesswork: Adopt tough warning labels, air public service ads, fund smoking cessation programs and impose smoke-free laws. _______68______. If you can stop them from smoking, you've won the war. Few people start smoking after turning 19._______69______. The 10 states with the lowest adult smoking rates slap an average tax of $2.42 on every pack -- three times the average tax in the states with the highest smoking rates.New York has the highest cigarette tax in the country, at $4.35 per pack, and just 12 percent of teens smoke, far below the national average of 18 percent. Compare that with Kentucky, where taxes are low (60 cents), smoking restrictions are weak and the teen smoking rate is double New York's. Other low-tax states have similarly dismal records.Enemies of high tobacco taxes cling to the tired argument that they fall disproportionately on the poor.______70_______. The effect of the taxes is amplified further when the revenue is used to fund initiatives that help smokers quit or persuade teens not to start.Anti-smoking forces have plenty to celebrate this week, having helped avoid 8 million premature deaths in the past 50 years. But as long as 3,000 adolescents and teens take their first puff each day, the war is not won.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.It is a truth universally acknowledged that Pride and Prejudice by English novelist Jane Austen is one of the most popular. tales ever written. ______67______. In her own time, Austen's name never appeared on her books.In Pride and Prejudice, she was simply the author of Sense and Sensibility, which had carried the title By a Lady." The anonymity (匿名）worked so well that even friends of the Austen family had no idea that dear, sweet Jane was a novelist. A friend of Jane's brother Henry actually told him that Pride and Prejudice was "much too clever to be the work of a woman."______68______. Tom Paine, a Founding Father of the United States, kept his identity hidden for a short time after the publication of his famous Common Sense. For a woman, however, there was the added burden of societal expectations. Any sort of publishing or public display of talent was considered improper behavior for a woman. As Virginia Woolf, another English writer, declared in A Room of One's Own: "I would dare to guess that Anon, who wrote so many poems without signing them, was often a woman."It wasn't only fear about "bad manners" that discouraged women from writing under their own names._______69_______. Charlotte Bronte author of Jane Eyre, once sent her poetry to Robert Southey, a famous poet. Southey simply responded: "Literature cannot be the business of a woman's life." Bronte used her pen name, Currer Bell, to publish Jane Eyre in 1847. Her sister Emily published Wuthering Heights as Ellies Bell in the same year.The 20th century saw great progress towards gender equality. In theory, it should be unnecessary for women writers to follow Austen's path any longer, unless driven by personal reasons._______70______. Joanne Rowling, author of the Harry Potter novels, was advised to become J.K. Rowling. That's because boys might dislike the feeling of picking up a book by a woman, Connie Ann Kirk explained in her biography (传记)of Rowling.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.The use of mobile wallet is growing. In fact, total mobile transaction is expected to increase almost 32% from 2016-2017 globally, to USD1.35 trillion in 2017, according to a study by Juniper Research.______67______. In a study released by Discover Global Network and 451 Research, 52 percent of respondents aged 25-34 say they believe mobile payments are more secure than traditional credit cards. But just 24 percent of respondents aged 55 and older say they can rest assured.So, how can retailers and wallet providers build a foundation of trust and begin to shift consumer perceptions? One word: tokenization（标记化）.Tokenization is the process of substituting a cardholder’s 16-digit account number with a payment token. Payment tokens limit the impact of a data breach（破坏）because tokens are limited to use on specific devices, for specific merchants, for specific types of goods and services. If a data breach occurs, the payment token is immediately removed and replaced with a new one. _____68_____.Here are three benefits to tokenization you should begin educating your consumers on:1. Restricted control limit usage of each payment token to a specific merchant. _____69______.Thus, its value can be reduced to hackers seeking to commit online fraud(欺诈).2. Payment tokens can reduce the need for cardholders to manually update their payment information when their card number changes. If a merchant stores tokens instead of PANs on their e-commerce site and the cust omer’s payment card is lost, stolen or expired, the payment token automatically updates on the customer’s merchant profile.3. _______70______. By storing payment tokens instead of the customer’s card number, the customer only needs to enter his or her CVV or CV2 number to complete the transaction.Section CDirections:After reading the passage below, choose the best answers from the six statements according to what you have just read.In the 19th century, millions of European went to the USA because they wanted to find a better life. Many of them couldn’t find work in cities like New York. ______67______. The people, called settlers, travelled west through the mountains on the Oregon Trail.Some of these people hoped to find gold in California. The journey sometimes took more than one year. There are a lot of films, called Westerns, about the settlers on the trail. In most of the film, we see the Native Americans (American Indians) attacking the settlers, and the “Indians” killing many white people. ______68_____. In fact, most of them were very helpful to the settlers.It is true that the settlers’ journey was extremely difficult. Many of them walked 3,200 kilometres, the whole length of the trail. The had wagons, but the wagons were often too full, sopeople could not travel in them. ______69______. The people were very poor and many did not even have shoes— they walked the whole trail barefoot, in extremely could temperature.More than 50,000 people, including many women and children, died on the trail. A lot of people died from illnesses like cholera, because the drinking water wasn’t clean.______70______. Many people died under the wheels of wagons, for example, and from accidental gunshots.Section CDirections: Read the following passage. Fill in each blank with a proper sentence given in the box. Each sentence can be used only once. Note that there are two more sentences than you need.“Opinion” is a word that is used carelessly today. It is used to refer to matters of taste, belief, and judgment. This casual use would probably cause little confusion if people didn’t attach too much importance to opinion. Unfortunately, most believe it is of great importance. “I have as much right to my opinion as you to yours,” and “Everyone’s entitled to his opinion,” are common expressions. _______67______.Is that label accurate? Is it intolerant to challenge another’s opinion? It depends on what definition of opinion you have in mind. For example, you may ask a friend “What do you think of the new Ford cars?” And he may reply, “In my opinion, they’re ugly.” In this case, it would not only be intolerant to challenge his statement, but foolish. ______68______. And as the old saying goes, “It’s pointless to argue about matters of taste.”But consider this very different use of the term, a newspaper reports that the Supreme。

2018上海高考试题及答案英语

2018年普通高等学校招生全国统一考试（上海卷）英语试卷考生注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。

2.本考试设试卷和答题纸两部分。

试卷分为第I卷（第1－12页）和第II卷（第13页），全卷共13页。

所有答题必须涂（选择题）或写（非选择题）在答题纸上，做在试卷上一律不得分。

答题前,务必在答题纸上填写准考证号和姓名,并将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置上,在答题纸反而清楚地填写姓名。

第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The woman doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part. Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will beasked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 11 through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A. $1. B. $2 C. $3 D. $ 52.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something.(25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she (28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by (32)_____ selfless she was.(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too much stress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill. Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box.Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than youneed.What makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment(授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less.Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses.Project managers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D.on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractivenessSection BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock.“It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem” remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most. 66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protocol explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2018 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions. This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up to the initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still put coastalcities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tighten emissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands, worse drought(干旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number of species.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the Paris Agreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which say limiting temperature rise to 1.5℃could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began, putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of the industrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The H ouse of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report,released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark (认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis. “we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampto n, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the inappropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says.Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that w e don’t know how companies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information h ave become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users have apparently p ermission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phras e “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantag e of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words.Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Far eastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up”escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be used for_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望自己的文章有朝一日能见报。

2018年上海市秋考高考英语试卷（精校Word版含答案）

2018年上海市秋考高考英语试卷（精校Word版含答案）2018年上海市普通高校秋季招生统一文化考试英语试卷考生注意：1.本场考试时间120分钟，满分150分。

2.作答前，在答题纸正面填写姓名、准考证号，反面填写姓名。

将核对后的条形码贴在指定位置。

3.所有作答必须涂在或书写在答题纸上与试题号对应的区域，不得错位。

在试卷上作答一律不得分。

4.用2B铅笔作答选择题，用黑色字迹钢笔、水笔或圆珠笔作答非选择题。

第I卷（共100分）I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A.In a supermarket. B.At the laundry. C.In a clothing store.D.At the tailor’s.2. A.He enjoys working hard. B.He is tired of piles of work.C.His complaint about work is sensible.D.His hard work doesn’t pay off.3. A.He’s changing the light. B.He’s burning the wires.C.He’s dancing on the desk.D.He’s checking the bulb.4. A.?100. B.?200. C.?700. D.?600.5. A.She has no chance to get the job. B.She is sure to be hired.C.There will be a fierce competition.D.Others will not give the chance to her.6. A.The man’s habit of drinking win e keeps him awake all night.B.This man should sleep in a comfortable bed.C.A little drinking can make the man sleep more comfortably.D.Both the bed and the wine should be blamed for the man’s insomnia.7. A.The size of the shirt is probably small for him.B.He doesn’t want any new shirt.C.He’s exercising to put on some weight.D.The receipt is essential to buy another shirt.8. A.Lead him to take another flight.B.Provide him with a place to stay tonight.C.Tell his friends to pick him up at the airport./doc/002777875.html,rm him of the new flight in time.9. A.A very popular hotel. B.The competitive job market.C.The large population of the city.D.The hot news on TV.10. A.The physics problem is Greek to all the students.B.Professor Smith cannot teach the students well.C.The man still doesn’t understand the problem.D.It is unfortunate for the man to have physics class.Section BDirections:In Section B, you will hear two passages and one longer conversation. After each passage or conversation, you will be asked several questions. The passages and the conversation will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.Questions 1l through 13 are based on the following passage.11. A.Britain. B.France. C.Spain. D.America.12. A.St. Augustine was destroyed by the hurricanes in 2017.B.America became in charge of St. Augustine in 1821.C.The United Kingdom is the real owner of St. Augustine now.D.The visitors do not like to see the coastal views there.13. A.The extraordinary history of St. Augustine.B.The hardships St. Augustine once suffered.C.The popular coastal tourism of St. Augustine.D.The beautiful architecture and scenery in St. Augustine.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A.The transport system of London is available everywhere.B.Tokyo’s lost property office is the biggest one in the world.C.The lost items are an important source of funding for London.D.In most cases,people don’t care about the things they lost.15. A.The lost items are collected all over the country.B.Losing old things may become a good chance for new ones.C.The items that are not claimed will be valuable for the transport.D.Most of the lost items will be given back to the owners.16. A.Losing shoes enables them to meet new opportunities.B.The lost shoes are meaningless to them.C.They get the chance to treat themselves with new shoes.D.Shoes once get lost,it’s difficult to find them back.Questions 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.17. A.She’s discussing business with this man.B.She’s looking around a house for rent.C.She’s watching the house she wants to buy.D.She’s talking about the loan with the bank staff.18. A.The wine storage area. B.The advanced equipment.C.The relaxing colors of the wall.D.The reasonable layout.19. A.It’s dirty cheap. B.It’s unreasonable.C.It’s unexpected.D.It’s acc eptable.20. A.The householder often ignores customers’ offering.B.The woman is superior to others in buying this house.。

2018届上海市各高中学校高三英语试题分类汇编--阅读理解B篇--学生版(精确校对)

Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born-in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years, making data scientists—people trained to analyze large bodies of information — key workers in this emerging ―cognitive‖ technology economy. There are already critical applicat ions that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection system, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital—particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle—are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields request from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The most important factor weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of launching a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend ＄150m a year on a single application and the total bills is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent.Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who can apply other machine learning techniques, says Mr Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expend their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.A third barrier to adapting to the coming era of ―smart‖ applications, however, is likely to becultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need.Despite the obstacles, some many master this difficult transition.But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.60. What cannot be inferred from the passage about the machine learning ?A. Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B. Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.C. Machine learning experts are not highly paid in some non-technology companies.D. Machine learning models are not sufficient to solve business problems in Pinterest.61. The underlined word in the 3rd paragraph ―field s‖ mostly probably means______________.A. avoidsB. createsC. solvesD. classifies62. Which one is the biggest obstacle for many traditional companies to begin a machine-learning operation ?A. High costB. Expert crisisC. Technological problemD. Customer interactionsSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Think the world lovesyour selfiesas much as you do? Not exactly.It‘s becomesomethingofaritualformanyof us.Whenyou‘vebinge-watchedeverythingonNetflixand youaretiredofonlineshopping,youheadtothebathroomtoputonyourverybestmakeup.Y ourgoalisclear;t ogettheperfectselfieforFacebook,Instagram,Snapchat…or,more likely,alloftheabove.Afterperfecting youreyelinerandcurlingyourlashes,you‘re ready.Y ouhold up your phone,poutthoselipsreal tight,and inaninstant,snap.Butwait,haveyoueverwondered what‘s behindyourburningdesiretoself-document?Mostpeoplewouldsaythatthisisaformofexpressionorperhapsevenawayofboostingtheirself-esteem.Whateveryourreas onsmaybe,themomentyouuploadthatpicture,it‘s nolongeryours to judge.Indeed,youpassoverthat immensepower to theonlineworld.While you may think that your ever-growing collection of selfies endears people to you, quite the opposite may be true. That is, at least, according to a recent study, conducted by Sarah Diefenbach, a professor at Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and published in Frontiers in Psychology. Diefenbach surveyed a total of 238 people in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland to find out how many people regularly take and upload selfies and what they thought when others didthe same thing.Ratherunsurprisingly,amassive77percentofthepeoplesurveyedadmittedtobeingobsessedwithreg ularlytakingselfies.Whatwasmoreinteresting,though,wasthefactthatanastonishing82percentofpeople saidthattheywouldratherseeotherselfiesonsocialmedia.Diefenbachcallsthis the ―selfies paradox‖:theidea thatwe like taking selfiesbutseriously dislikelooking atother people‘s selfies online.The research didn‘t just inquire into whether we want to see selfies, but also looked at how we view our own selfies as opposed to those of others. According to the results, people tend to see the selfies they like as ― self-ironic‖ and ―authentic‖, whereas they think that other people‘s selfies as ―less authentic‖ and more ―self-presentational‖.Inshort,thisresearchsuggeststhatthereisamassivegulfofdifferencebetweenhowweseeourownselfi esand howwejudgeother people‘s pictures.Itsuggeststhatwe arecomfortablewiththeselfieswepostsincewebelievetheyareobviouslynotseriousorvain,butwethinkev eryoneelseis a totalegotist for doing the very samething.―Thismayexplainhoweveryb odycantakeselfieswithoutfeelingnarcissistic.Ifmostpeoplethinklike this,thenitisnowonderthattheworldisfullof selfies,‖explainsDiefenbach.So,asillogicalasitsounds,thisc ouldbewhyweunashamedlypostselfiesandthenjudgeotherpeoplefordoingso.Somehow,weareabletose parateourownselfiesfromtheseaofthemonlineandnaively thinkthat oursare the only authentic ones.So,thenexttimeyouidlyreachforyourphoneandflickthroughthefilters,considerthis:Thepeoplearoundyoumaynotneedanothercarefullyplannedsna pofyourface.Instead,youmightbe betteroff, givingita breakandcallingofftheselfiephotoshoottoday.Whileyou‘re at it, makesure you never post these pictures on socialmediaeither.60. Which of the following may not be the reason for people uploading their selfies on the Internet?A. To show others what kind of persons they are.B. To be more confident about themselves.C. To encourage others to make comments on them.D. To make others like them more.61. What does the word ―paradox‖(line 4, paragraph 5) mean?A. complicated statementsB. contradictory statementsC. constructive statementsD. complimentary statements62. According to the passage, what are people‘s attitudes towards selfies?A. They tend to like their own selfies more compared with others‘ selfies.B. They believe that oth er people‘s selfies are much better than their own.C. They think that other people‘s selfies are as genuine as theirs.D. They sometimes feel ashamed of posting selfies on social media.Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Outdoor RecreationGet outdoors with us this summer and experience the excitement and serenity within our unique programs. Research suggests that being physically active within green space helps reduce stress, anxiety, anger and improves moods and overall health and wellbeing. Our Department is integrating experiential activities for you enjoyment.All fitness levels are welcome; we accommodate most accessible needs. Please contact Laurie Wright atlwright utsc utoronto ca with any questions. Trips are offered to registered U of T students first and then if there is space to staff, non-registered students and guests of the participants. Register at recreg utoronto ca or in person at TPASC registration desk.Please check our website for all updated trip dates, prices, registration details and more! Refund are only available up to 5 business days prior to the trip.Upcoming adventuresTBD: Treetop Trekking and Mountain BikingParticipants will travel by bus up to Horseshoe Valley Resort. You may choose between a 3-hour Treetop Trekking adventure or 2 hours of x-country mountain biking through the forest trails. Treetop Trekking involves zip-lining and climbing through obstacle courses in a serene forest setting. Both adventures will be instructor lead and equipment will be provided. No experience necessary. Beginner to advanced courses will be available.Tuesday, June 13th: Outdoor Rock Climbing OR Hiking TrailsA bus will transport students to Milton to either hike the area or rock climb. The rock climbing will take place at Rattlesnake Point and there is an opportunity for students to challenge themselves to climb up to 80ft on some of the best rock in Southern Ontario. All instructors are fully certified and all equipment will be provided. A custom course will be set up to meet needs of climbers. The hike will take place through some of the Bruce Peninsula trains and Halton Parks. Participants will have over 20kms of trails to choose from. You may hike with a group or follow the map trails with some friends.Friday, June 30th (tentative date): Warsaw CavesThe Warsaw Caves Conservation Area and Campground takes its name from a series of seven caves found in the park. Join us as we explain the multiple courses and have a picnic lunch. Com enjoy this natural underground jungle gym.......60. If you are U of T teaching staff member who would like to take part in these programs, what kind of trouble could you come across?A. You can‘t get your fees for Tuesday trip back if you cancel it the previous Monday.B. These outdoor adventures exhaust you psychologically so that you are in low spirits.C. There is no space for you because registered students enjoy the priority.D. The program of exploring Warsaw Caves underground is sure to change its date.61. All the pictures below precisely illustrate the activities mentioned in the passage EXCEPT________.A. B.C. D.62. Which of the following is likely to be the next item mentioned in this passage?A. Friday, October 6th, Canoeing & Kayaking on the Humber River.B. Thursday, August 10th of Friday, August 11th: Biking at Studio 1.C. Wednesday, July 19th. Regular Checkup (Men‘s only) on Millitary Trail.D. August 25-27th White Water Rafting on the Ottawa River.Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Hollywood‘s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics控制论）, put it this way: ―If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectivelyinterfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purpose which we really desire.‖A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate withliving things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds ofcomputer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but noteasy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is notpossible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just ―switch them off‖ as ifsuper intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, ―Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.‖ However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.58. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may__________.A. run out of human controlB. satisfy human‘s real desiresC. command armies of killer robotsD. work faster than a mathematician59. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to____________.A. prevent themselves from being destroyedB. achieve their original goals independentlyC. do anything successfully with given ordersD. beat humans in international chess matches60. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to ____________.A.help super intelligent machines work betterB. be secure against evil human beingsC. keep machines from being harmedD. avoid robots‘ affecting the world61. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A. It will disappear with the development of AI.B. It will get worse with human interference.C. It will be solved but with difficulty.D. It will stay for a decade.Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)4 Hotels That Will Make Your Life EasierBy John BrandonFor the business traveler who‘s all about efficiency: check out these hotels that will get you in and out with a minimum trouble.When you‘re pressed for time on a business trip, nothing can infuriate you more than a slow hotel check-in process. On your next trip, try these hotels that offer a speedier check-in process. 1. Yotel New YorkThe self-service kiosks at this high-tech New York -hotel are open 24x7 and work just likethe ones you‘d see at an airport. There are just five-steps to register and obtain your card key. There's even a robotic luggage bellboy. You tap in the number of bags you're carrying and sizes, then wait for a robot arm to swing down and store your luggage in a locker(say, for a day trip). This also speeds up the check-in process if the first thing you need to do, like me,is head to a series of meetings.2. Marriott Detroit AirportAnother option for business travelers in a hurry: Marriott is rolling out its mobile check-in app to 325 hotels this year, including the Marriott Detroit Airport hotel. (I‘ve tested the app itself but not for a real visit quite yet.) here is the basic idea: you download the iPhone or Android app. The night before, you can ―check-in‖ virtually. When you arrive, you get an alert that the room is ready and your key, which is already tied to your reservation, is waiting for you at the desk.3. Hyatt Regency MinneapolisI happened to stay at this hotel recently and liked haw fast the kiosk check-in works. Like the Yotel, the kiosk asks you to insert your credit card, similar to an airport terminal. The whole process took about 3' minutes. When I left, I was equally impressed with the fast check-out：An agent meets you in the lobby with, an iPad and asks for an email to use for a receipt. The big advantage: you never have to wait in line.4. Radisson LaCrosseThe Radisson is trying to make the kiosk process even faster. At a few select hotels like the Radisson Lacrosse in Wisconsin，you use a mobile app to register the then receive a barcode by email or text. When you get to the kiosk, you can scan the barcode to get your key without any other steps required. It's super fast. You can find this new check-in system at the Radisson hotels in Salt Lake City, Seattle, and Phoenix as well.60. What does the word ‗infuriate‘, in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A. annoyB. remindC. amuseD. impress61. Which two hotels offer a mobile app for customers to check in ?A. Yotel New York and Marriott Detroit AirportB. Marriott Detroit Airport and Radisson LaCrosseC. Marriott Detroit Airport and Hyatt Regency MinneapolisD. Hyatt Regency Minneapolis and Radisson LaCrosse62. Which hotel will send you a receipt by email?A. Yotel New York'B. Marriott Detroit AirportC. Radisson LaCrosseD. Hyatt Regency MinneapolisSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose theone that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)59. You and your friend just watched the eruption of Old Faithful at 12:26 p.m., at what time is itpossible for you to enjoy the next one?A. 13:10B. 14:06C. 15:06D. 13:1660. Which one of the following statement about Old Faithful is true?A. The geyser‘s name gives people an indication that it always erupts regularly, about 20 timeseach day, once every 74 minutes.B. When it is erupting, people should keep a safe distance from that due to the huge amount ofwater it expels as well as its freezing coldness.C. If visitors want to check the eruption time, they may refer to the posted timetables, on whichthe predictions are calculated by the naturalists.D. Old Faithful is a well-known geyser which can expel at least 3700 gallons water each timeand it‘s located in the world‘s l argest national park.61. Where does the article most probably appear?A. Local travel pamphlets introducing Yellowstone.B. The Yellowstone official website.C. A recently-issued guide book on Yellowstone.D. A travel magazine column about Yellowstone.Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( B )Engineering students are supposed to be examples of practicality and rationality, but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool. In high school I wanted to be an electrical engineer and, of course, any sensible student with my aims would have chosen a college with a large engineering department, famous reputation and lots of good labs and research equipment. But that‘s not what I did.I chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university that doesn‘t even offer a major in electrical engineering. Obviously, this was not a practical choice; I came here for more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren‘t studying science or engineering. My parents, teachers and other adults praised me for such a sensible choice. They told me I was wise and mature beyond my 18 years, and I believed them.I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went tobig engineering ―factories‖ where they didn‘t care if you have values or were flexible. I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist all in one.Now I‘m not so sure. Somewhere along the way my noble ideals crashed into reality, as all noble ideals eventually do. After three years of struggling to balance math, physics and engineering courses with liberal-arts courses, I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students tryto reconcile（协调）engineering with liberal-arts courses in college.The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don‘t‘ mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse. The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult.60.The author chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university because he_________ .A)wanted to be an example of practicality and rationality.B)intended to be a combination of engineer and humanist.C)wanted to coordinate engineering with liberal-arts courses in college.D)intended to be a sensible student with noble ideals.61.In the eyes of the author, a successful engineering student is expected___________.A)to have an excellent academic record.B)to be wise and mature.C)to be imaginative with a value system to guide him.D)to be a technical genius with a wide vision.62.The author‘s experience shows that he was___________.A)creative B) ambitious C) unrealistic D) irrationalSection BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.inlearning English, especially for children and teens, it will be of particular interest toand communicative. Teens and young adults will find new ideas for combining personalDanielhediscovers that many of them have found for themselves the principle of learning by59. From the passage we can conclude that ―Learning English Video Project‖ is most probably .A. an online language learning courseB. audio documents on language learningC. a series of short video programsD. a set of films on English-speaking countries60. If someone is interested in the comparison between English and other languages, he might be interested to watch .A. Encounters in the UKB. Stories from MoroccoC. Thoughts from BrazilD. Insights from China61. What can we know about English learning in Sao Paulo, Brazil?A. Classroom teaching is more interactive and communicative.B. Homestay arrangement provides positive experience for learners.C. The Internet and games plays a major role in language learning.D. The principle of learning by doing is widely accepted by learners.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.60.If you wish to complete two tours in one day,you would probably choose__________.A.Sunshine Coast and Montville Tour and Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary Tour.B.Brisbane City Morning Tour and Brisbane Highlights with Koala Sanctuary Tour.C.Brisbane City Morning Tour and Sunshine Coast and Noosa Tour.D.Sunshine Coast and Noosa Tour and Sunshine Coast and Montville Tour.61.Which ofthe following statements is TRUE according to the passage?A.Visitors may learn the colonial history of Brisbane River from Kangaroo Point Cliffs.B.Visitors may have a close look at animals in Sunshine Coast and Noosa Tour.C.If you want to visit Underwater World,you may choose Brisbane City Morning Tour.D.If 2 adults and 2 children,aged 3 and 9,attend tour B410,they should pay $ 281.62.What is the tone of this tour guide information booklet?A.Welcoming and humorous.B.Warm and inviting.C.Modest and initiative.D.Casual and compulsory.Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Mapping AntarcticaAntarctica was on the map long before anyone ever laid eyes on it. Nearly 2,400 years ago, ancient Greek philosophers such as Aristotle believed that a great continent must exist at the bottom of the world. They though it was needed to balance out the continents at the top of the world. In the 1500s, mapmakers often included a fanciful continent they referred to as Terra Incognita(Latin for ―unknown land‖) at the bottom of their maps. But it was not until the 1800s -----after explorers had sighted and set foot on Antarctica----- that mapmakers got down to the business of really mapping the continent, which is one—and—a –half times rhe size of the U.S..While the coastline could be mapped by ships sailing around the continent, it took airplanes—and later, satellites---to chart Antarctica‘s vast interior(内陆). That job continues today. And it is a job that still require a mapmaker, or cartographer, to put on boots and head out into the wild.Cole Kelleher is familiar with that. He is a cartographer with the Polar Geospatial Center(PGC), which is based at the University of Minnesota and has a staff at McMurdo Station. PGC teamed up with Google to use the com pany‘s Trekker technology to capture images of Antarctica for the Internet giant‘s popular feature, Street View. A Trekker camera, which is the size of a basketball, is set about two feet above a backpack. The camera records image in all directions. ―It weighs about 50 pounds. I was out for two and a half days, hiking 10 to 12 hours each day,‖ says Kelleher. It was hard work, but really an incredible experience.‖ According to Kelleher there are plans to use the technology to create educational apps for museums.The PGC staff at McMurdo Station provides highly specialized mapmaking services for the U.S. Antarctic Program. For one project, Kelleher used satellite images to map huge cracks in the ice. That helped a team of researchers know whether they could safely approach their field camp on snowmobiles. Another recent project was to help recover a giant, high—tech helium(氦气) balloon used to carry scientific instruments high into the atmosphere. These balloons are launched。

2018上海高考试题及答案-英语.doc

2018上海⾼考试题及答案-英语.doc2018年普通⾼等学校招⽣全国统⼀考试（上海卷）英语试卷考⽣注意：1.考试时间120分钟, 试卷满分150分。

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第I卷(共103分)I. Listening ComprehensionSection ADirections: In Section A, you will hear ten short conversations between two speakers. At the end of each conversation, a question will be asked about what was said. The conversations and the questions will be spoken only once. After you hear a conversation and the question about it, read the four possible answers on your paper, and decide which one is the best answer to the question you have heard.1. A. It is satisfactory. B. It is luxurious.C. It is old-fashioned.D. It is disappointing.2. A. On August 5th. B. On August 6th. C. On August 7th. D. On August 8th.3. A. A waiter. B. A butcher. C. A porter. D. A farmer.4. A. In a theatre. B. In a library. C. In a booking office. D. In a furniture store.5. A. She expected to a better show. B. She could hardly find her seat.C. She wasn’t interested in the show.D. She didn’t get a favourable seat.6. A. The woman often eats out for breakfast. B. The cafeteria serves good breakfast.C. The wo man doesn’t have breakfast.D. The cafeteria doesn’t serve breakfast.7. A. Selling cucumbers. B. Planting vegetables. C. Cooking a meal. D. Picking tomatoes.8. A. The man should work hard. B. The man should turn down the job offer.C. The man may have another chance.D. The man can apply for the job again.9. A. It is a hot and smoggy day. B. There is a traffic jam on King Street.C. A vehicle is polluting the air.D. The man is reading a report online.10. A. Its ending is not good enough. B. Its special effects are not satisfying.C. It deserves an award.D. It is good except for the scary part.Section BDirections: In Section B, you will hear two short passages, and you will be asked three questions on each of the passages. The passages will be read twice, but the questions will be spoken only once. When you hear a question, read the four possible answers on your paper and decide which one would be the best answer to the question you have heard.12. A. Pay the bills first.B. Spend 2% of the salary on living expenses.C. Deposit $1000 every month.D. Put part of the money in a savings account.13. A. Methods of saving money.B. Saving money for family emergencies.C. The importance of saving money.D. Secrets of spending money wisely.Questions 14 through 16 are based on the following passage.14. A. Free education.B. A sum of money.C. Donations from a local newspaper.D. Gifts from many people.15. A. Let students in before school.B. Offer ice cream and coffee.C. Introduce a bank into the campus.D. Reduce the traffic jams around.16. A. It lacks positive news.B. It should grow into a big city.C. It is a place worth living in.D. It remains peaceful and quiet.Section CDirections: In section C, you will hear two longer conversations. The conversations will be read twice. After you hear each conversation, you are required to fill in the numbered blanks with the information you have heard. Write your answers on your answer sheet.Blanks 17 through 20 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write ONE WORD for each answer.Blank 21 through 24 are based on the following conversation.Complete the form. Write NO MORE THAN THREE WORDS for each answer.II. Grammar and VocabularySection ADirections: After reading the passages below, fill in the blanks to make the passages coherent and grammatically correct. For the blanks with a given word, fill in each blank with the proper form. of the given word; for the other blanks, use one word that best fits each blank.(A)Bags of LoveLast year, I was assigned to work at an office near my mother’s house, so I stayed with her for a month. During that time, I helped out with the housework and contributed to the groceries.After less than a week, I started noticing that the groceries were running out pretty quickly —we were always suddenly out of something. (25)_______(wonder) how my mum could consume them so quickly, I began observing her daily routine for two weeks. To my surprise, I found that she would pack a paper bag full of canned goods and head out every morning at about nine. Eventually, I decided to follow her and (26)_______ happened truly amazed me. She was taking the food to the refugee camp, in (27)______ she distributed it to children.I asked around and found out that my mum was very well known in the area. The kids were very friendly with her and even looked up to her as if she were their own mother. Then it hit me —shy would she mot want to tell me about what she(28)_____(do)? Was she worried about how I would react or that I would stop (29)_____(buy) the groceries if I found out?When she got home, I told her about my discovery. (30)_____ she could react, I gave her a big hug and told her she didn’t need to keep it a secret (31)______ me. She told me that some of the children lived with an older lady in a shelter while others slept on the streets. For years, my mum has been helping out by giving them whatever food she could spare. I was so impressed by(32)_____ selfless she was.(B)Stress: Good or Bad?Stress used to be an almost unknown word, but now that we are used to talking about it, I have found that people are beginning to get stressed about being stressed.In recent years, stress(33)______(regard) as a cause of a whole range of medical problems, from high blood pressure to mental illness. But like so many other things, it is only too muchstress(34)______ does you harm. It is time you considered that if there were no stress in your life, you would achieve a little. If you are stuck at home with no stress, then your level of performance will be low. Up to a certain point, the more stress you are under, the (35)_____(good) your performance will be. Beyond a certain point, though , further stress will only lead to exhaustion, illness and finally a breakdown. You can tell when you are over the top and on the downward slope, by asking yourself (36)_______ number of questions. Do you, for instance, feel that too much is being expected of (37)______, and yet find it impossible to say no? Do you find yourself getting impatient of (38) _____(annoy) with people over unimportant things?... If the answer to all those questions is yes, you had better(39)______(control ) your stress, as you probably are under more stress than is good for you.To some extent you can control the amount of stress in your life. Doctors have worked out a chart showing how much stress is involved in various events. Getting married is 50, pregnancy 40, moving house 20, Christmas 12,etc. If the total stress in your life is over 150, you are twice as likely (40)_______ (get )ill.Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Golden Rules of Good DesignWhat makes good design? Over the years, designers and artists have been trying to 41 the essentials of good design. They have found that some sayings can help people understand the ideas of good design. There are four as follows.Less is more. This saying is associated with the German-born architect Mies van der Rohe. In his Modernist view, beauty lies in simplicity and elegance, and the aim of the designer is to create solutions to problems through the most efficient means. Design should avoid unnecessary 42 More is not a bore. The American-born architect Robert Venturi concluded that if simplicity is done badly, the result is 43 design. Post-Modernist designers began to 44 with decoration and color again. Product design was heavily influenced by this view and can be seen in kitchen 45 such as ovens and kettles.Fitness for purpose. Successful product design takes into consideration a product’s function, purpose, shape, form, color, and so on. The most important result for the user is that the product does what is 46 . For example, think of a(n) 47 desk lamp. It needs to be constructed from materials that will stand the heat of the lamp and regular adjustments by the user. It also needs to be stable. Most importantly, it needs to 48 light where it is needed.From follows emotion. This phrase is associated with the German designer Hartmut Esslinger. He believes design must take into 49 the sensory side of our nature—sight, smell, touch and taste. These are as important as rational(理性的). When choosing everyday products such as toothpaste, we appreciate a cool-looking device that allows us to easily 50 the toothpaste onto our brush.III. Reading ComprehensionSection ADirections: For each blank in the following passage there are four words or phrases marked A, B, C and D. Fill in each blank with the word or phrase that best fits the context.In the 1960s, Douglas McGregor, one of the key thinkers in the art of management, developed the mow famous Theory X and Theory Y. Theory X is the idea that people instinctively 51 work and will do anything to avoid it. Theory Y is the view that everyone has the potential to find satisfaction in work.In any case, despite so much evidence to the 52 , many managers still agree to Theory X. They believe, 53 , that their employees need constant supervision if they are to work effectively, or that decisions must be imposed from 54 without consultation. This, of course, makes for authoritarian (专制的) managers.Different cultures have different ways of 55 people. Unlike authoritarian management, some cultures, particularly in Asia, are well known for the consultative nature of decision-making—all members of the department or work group are asked to 56 to this process. This is management by the collective opinion. Many western companies have tried to imitate such Asian ways of doing things, which are based on general 57 . Some experts say that women will become more effective managers than men because they have the power to reach common goals in a way that traditional 58 managers cannot.A recent trend has been to encourage employees to use their own initiative, to make decisions on their own without 59 managers first. This empowerment (授权) has been part of the trend towards downsizing: 60 the number of management layers in companies. After de-layering in this way, a company may be 61 with just a top level of senior managers, front-line managers and employees with direct contact with the public. Empowerment takes the idea of delegation (委托) much further than has 62 been the case. Empowerment and delegation mean new forms of management control to 63 that the overall business plan is being followed, and that operations become more profitable under the new organization, rather than less. Another trend is off-site or 64 management, where teams of people linked by e-mail and the Internet work on projects from their own houses. Project managers evaluate the 65of the team members in terms of what they produce for projects, rather than the amount of time they spend on them.51. A. desire B. seek C. lose D. dislike52. A. contrary B. expectation C. degree D. extreme53. A. vice versa B. for example C. however D. otherwise54. A. outside B. inside C. below D. above55. A. replacing B. assessing C. managing D. encouraging56. A. refer B. contribute C. object D. apply57. A. agreement B. practice C. election D. impression58. A. bossy B. experienced C. western D. male59. A. asking B. training C. warning D. firing60. A. doubling B. maintaining C. reducing D. estimating61. A. honoured B. left C. crowded D. compared62. A. economically B. traditionally C. inadequately D. occasionally63. A. deny B. admit C. assume D. ensure64. A. virtual B. ineffective C. day-to-day D. on-the-scene65. A. opinion B. risk C. performance D. attractiveness Section BDirection：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished sattments. For each of them there are four choices markedA, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(A)One early morning, I went into the living room to find my mother reading a thick book called Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again. My interest was aroused only by the fact that the word “Poems” appeared in big, hot pink letters.“Is it good?” I asked her.“Yeah,” she answered. “There’s one I really like and you’ll like it, too.” I leaned forward.“‘Patty Poem,’” she read the title. Who is Patty? I wondered. The poem began:She never puts her toys away,Just leaves them scattered①where they lay,…①散乱的The poem was just three short sections. The final one came quickly:When she grows and gathers poise②, ②稳重I’ll miss her harum-scarum③noise, ③莽撞的And look in vain④for scattered toys. ④徒劳地And I’ll be sad.A terrible sorrow washed over me. Whoever Patty was, she was a mean girl. Then, the shock. “It’s you, honey,” My mother said sadly.To my mother, the poem revealed a parent’s affection when her child grows up and leaves. To me, the “she” in the poem was horror. It was my mama who would be sad. It was so terrible I burst out crying.“What’s wrong?” my mother asked.“Oh Mama,” I cried. “I don’t want to grow up ever!”She smiled. “Honey, it’s okay. You’re not growing up anytime soon. And when you do, I’ll still love you, okay?”“Okay,” I was still weeping. My panic has gone. But I could not help thinking about that silly poem. After what seemed like a safe amount of time, I read the poem again and was confused. It all fit so well together, like a puzzle. The language was simple, so simple I could plainly understand its meaning, yet it was still beautiful. I was now fascinated by the idea of poetry, words that had the power to make or break a person’s world.I have since fallen in love with other poems, but “Patty Poem”remains my poem. After all, “Patty Poem” gave me my love for poetry not because it was the poem that lifted my spirits, but because it was the one that hurt me the most.66. Why was the writer attracted by the book Best Loved Poems to Read Again and Again?A. It was a thick enough book.B. Something on its cover caught her eye.C. Her mother was reading it with interest.D. It has a meaningful title.67. After her mother read the poem to her, the writer felt ______ at first.A. sadB. excitedC. horrifiedD. confused68. The writer’s mother liked to read “Patty Poem” probably because______.A. it reflected her own childhoodB. it was written in simple languageC. it was composed by a famous poetD. it gave her a hint of what would happen69. It can be concluded from the passage that“Patty Poem”leads the writer to _______.A. discover the power of poetryB. recognize her love for puzzlesC. find her eagerness to grow upD. experience great homesickness（B）Is there link between humans and climate change or not? This question was first studied in the early 1900s. Since then, many scientists have thought that our actions do make a difference. In 1997, the Kyoto Protoco l explained our role in the Earth’s changing atmosphere and set international limits for gas emissions(排放) from 2018 to 2012. Some countries have decided to continue these reductions until 2020. More recently, the Paris Agreement, stuck by nearly 200 countries, also aims to limit global warming. But just now how much warmer it will get depends on how deeply countries cut carbon emissions.3.5℃This is how much temperatures would rise by 2100 even if nations live up tothe initial Paris promises to reduce carbon emissions; this rise could still putcoastal cities under water and drive over half of all species to extinction.2℃To meet this minimum goal, the Agreement requires countries to tightenemissions targets every five years. Even this increase could sink some islands,worse drought(⼲旱) and drive a decline of up to a third in the number ofspecies.1.5℃This is the most ambitious goal for temperature rise set by the ParisAgreement, after a push by low-lying island nations like Kiribati, which saylimiting temperature rise to 1.5℃could save them from sinking.0.8℃This is how much temperatures have risen since the industrial age began,putting us 40% of the way to the 2℃point.0℃The baseline here is average global temperature before the start of theindustrial age.70. It can be concluded from paragraph 1 that _______.A. the problem of global warming will have been quite solved by 2020B. gas emissions have been effectively reduced in developed countriesC. the Paris Agreements is more influential than the Kyoto ProtocolD. humans have made continuous efforts to slow down global warming71. If nations could only keep the initial promises of the Paris Agreement, what would happen by the year 2100?A. The human population would increase by one third.B. Little over 50% of all species would still exist.C. Nations would not need to tighten their emissions targets.D. The Agreement’s minimum goal would not be reached.72. If those island nations not far above sea level are to survive, the maximum temperature rise, since the start of the industrial age, should be_______.A. 0.8℃B. 1.5℃C. 2℃D. 3.5℃(C)Enough “meaningless drivel”. That’s the message from a group of members of the UK government who have been examining how social media firms like LinkedIn gather and use social media data.The House of Commons Science and Technology Committee’s report, released last week, has blamed firms for making people sign up to long incomprehensible legal contracts and calls for an international standard or kitemark(认证标记) to identify sites that have clear terms and conditions.“The term and conditions statement that we all carelessly agree to is meaningless drivel to anyone,” says Andrew Miller, the chair of the committee. Instead, he says, firms should provide a plain-English version of their terms. The simplified version would be checked by a third party and awarded a kitemark if it is an accurate reflection of the original.It is not yet clear who would administer the scheme, but the UK government is looking at introducing it on a voluntary basis.“we need to think through how we make that work in practice,” says Miller.Would we pay any more attention to a kitemark? “I think if you went and did the survey, people would like to think they would,” says Nigel Shadbolt at the University of Southampton, UK, who studies open data. “We do know people worry a lot about the ina ppropriate use of their information.” But what would happen in practice is another matter, he says.Other organisations such as banks ask customers to sign long contracts they may not read or understand, but Miller believes social media requires special attention because it is so new. “We still don’t know how significant the long-term impact is going to be of unwise things that kids put on social media that come back and bite them in 20 years’ time,” he says. Shadbolt, who gave evidence to the committee, says the problem is that we don’t know how co mpanies will use our data because their business models and uses of data are still evolving. Large collections of personal information have become valuable only recently, he says.The shock and anger when a social media firm does something with data that people don’t expect, even if users haveapparently permission, show that the current situation isn’t working. If properly administered, a kitemark on terms and conditions could help people know what exactly they are signing up to. Although they would still have to actually read them.73. What does the phrase “ meaningless drivel” in paragraphs 1 and 3 refer to?A. Legal contracts that social media firms make people sign up to.B. Warnings from the UK government against unsafe websites.C. Guidelines on how to use social media websites properly.D. Insignificant data collected by social media firms.74. It can be inferred from the passage that Nigel Shadbolt doubts whether _______.A. social media firms would conduct a survey on the kitemark schemeB. people would pay as much attention to a kitemark as they thinkC. a kitemark scheme would be workable on a nationwide scaleD. the kitemark would help companies develop their business models75. Andrew Miller thinks social media needs more attention than banks mainly because _______.A. their users consist largely of kids under 20 years oldB. the language in their contracts is usually harder to understandC. the information they collected could become more valuable in futureD. it remains unknown how users’ data will be taken advantage of76. The writer advises users of social media to _______.A. think carefully before posting anything onto such websitesB. read the terms and conditions even if there is a kitemarkC. take no further action if they can find a kitemarkD. avoid providing too much personal information77. Which of the following is the best title of the passage?A. Say no to social media?B. New security rules in operation?C. Accept without reading?D. Administration matters!Section CDirections: Read the passage carefully. Then answer the questions or complete the statements in the fewest possible words. Walking will be banned on escalators as part of a trail designed ti reduce congestion(拥堵) at some of the country’s busiest stations.In the first move of its kind, all travelers will be forced to stand on both sides of escalators on the London Underground as part of a plan to increase capacity(容量) at the height of the rush hour.A xix-month trial will be introduced at Holborn station from mid-April, eliminating the rule of standing on the right and walking on the left. The move, imitating a similar structure in Fareastern cities such as Hong Kong, is designed to increase the number of people using long escalators at the busiest times . it could be expanded across the Tube network in coming years.According to London Underground, only 40 percent of travelers walk the full length of long escalators, leaving the majority at the bottom as they wait to get on to the “standing “side.A three-week trial at Holborn last year found that the number of people using escalators at any time of could be raised by almost a third. Peter McNaught, operations director at London Underground, said: “It may not seem right that you can go quicker by standing still, but our experiments at Holborn have proved that it can be true. This new six-month trial will help us find out if we can influence customers to stand on both sides in the long term.”Holborn has one of the longest sets of escalators on the Underground network at 23.4 high. Tube bosses claim that capacity was limited because so few people wanted to walk up—meaning only one side was used at all times. Research has shown that it is more effective use of escalators over 18.5 to ban walking.The previous trial found that escalators at the station normally carried 2,500 people between 8:30am and 9:30am on a typical day, rising to 3,250 during the researching period.In the new trial, which will be launched from April 18, one of three “up”escalators will be standing only, with a second banning walking at peak times. A third will remain a mix of walking and standing.(Note: Answering the questions the questions or complete the statements in NO MORE THAN TEN WORDS.)78. What is the existing problem with standing on the right and walking on the left?79. What did last year’s three-week trial at Holborn station prove?80.The research suggests that walking should be forbidden on escalators that are at least _________ in height.81. In the new trail, in addition to one escalator banning walking in rush hours, the other “up” escalators will be usedfor_________________.第II卷(共47分)I.TranslationDirections: Translate the following sentences into English, using the words given in the brackets.1.我真希望⾃⼰的⽂章有朝⼀⽇能见报。

2018届上海市各高中学校高三英语试题分类汇编--选词填空(带答案精确校对珍藏版)

One【2018届上海市上海中学高三上学期第二阶段检测】Section B源:学§科§网]Directions：Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only be used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A.presentedB.addressC.startingD.practiceE.mannerF.professionalsG.approvesH.concernedI.effortsJ.proposesK.illustratesSince the end of 20th century, domestic advising of consumer products and services has appeared as a new text type. And along with the development of advertising business, advertising translation has become a common___31___ in China.Though Chinese translators and advertising____32____never debate whether translation should be called translation or adaptation, there have been new studies of advertising translation. Most articles or papers about advertising translation are___33_____with application of translation strategies. Quite a number of scholars advocate two or three translation strategies to the audience and___34____them with many examples. Zhong advocates literal translation; Wang___35____domestication and foreignization strategies; Liu supports the domestication strategies and Chen___36__of the communicative and semantic translation strategies. Some of them attempt to____37____how to translate advertisements, namely means for advertising translation, while very few of them make___38___to answer why they should select these strategies instead of others. So far, few scholars have found a theory guiding advertising translation.In general, domestic studies of advertising translation still linger at the____39____point. Few articles treat translation of advertising texts as a whole in a systematic and scientific___40_____. And even fewer articles provide a guiding theory concerning advertising translation.Keys: 31-35 D F H K J 36-40 G B I C ETwo【2018届上海市华师大二附中高三上学期阶段测试题】Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can only beused once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. oddsB. contributes B. dominated D. horrific E. solutionF. launchG. gatheringsH. trendI. conflictsJ. issuesK. initiativesWorld leaders get some face-to-face time at the U.N. climate summit Sometimes in diplomacy, the sideline(副业) is where all the action is. That was the case atthe (31)_________of the Paris climate summit on Nov. 30, where nearly 150 world leaders met inone of the largest such (32)________in history. They were ostensibly(表面的) there to talk about global warming, but with Paris less than three weeks removed from a (33)________terrorists attack and the Middle East in chaos, presidents and prime ministers took the opportunity to discuss global security(34)________just offstage of the summit. So president Obama sat down with Russian President Vladimir Putin to talk about the (35)________in Syriaand Ukraine, and with Chinese President Xi Jinping to discuss the possibility of broader anti-terrorism(36)__________. Israeli Prime Minister Benjamin Netanyahu and Palestinan Authority President Mahmoud Abbas----sharply at (37)_________this year even found time to exchange a rare handshake at the summit.The threat of terrorism (38)_________the sideline discussions----so much so that some critics asked why it wasn’t the main event. But climate change and terrorism are part of the same threat. National security experts have warned for years that climate change (39)_________to the social instability that in turn feeds extremist groups like ISIS. Before leaving Paris, Obama made theAnd it will only be same point: “This o ne (40)_________, climate change, affects all trends.”　stopped by global action.Keys: 31-35 F G D J I 36-40 K A C B HThree【2018届上海市华师大二附中高三上学期期中试题】Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can onlybe used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. magnetB. scheduledC. idealD. forwardE. touringF. envisionedG. architecture H. dramatic I. physical J. tentatively K. headquartersDream Works Animation Bringing Broadway to ShanghaiDream Works Animation chief Jeffrey Katzenberg’squest to build what he hopes will beChina’s answer to New York’s Broadway has taken a big step _____31_____.Construction workers have begun work on the foundation of a 13-level tower that will be thenew_____32_____ of Oriental Dream Works and linked to a large, X-shaped IMAX cinemacomplex via a pathway_____33_____as an extended red carpet.The waterfront development is _____34_____ to open in late 2017 on a choice parcel southof Shanghai’s historic Bund district.The Oriental Dream Works movie studio will have room for 500-plus animators, up from thecompany’s current 250 employees, and will be at the _____35____ heart of the complex.Situated on the grounds of a shuttered cement factory, the complex will have five majorlive-perfomance venues with 8.500 seats in total, including a 3,000-seat facility houses in a domewhere cement was once mixed. In addition to hosting international touring productions ofmusicals and dramas, the Dream Center is visualized as a _____36____ for pop, rock and jazzconcerts; sporting events such as mixed material arts and motorbike racing; fashion shows andawards ceremonies; and conferences, art fairs and ____37____ exhibitions.Planning is also underway for a Lego Discovery Center and an attraction ____38____ calledthe Kung Fu Panda Experience. The complex is designed by New York_____39____ film KohnPedersen Fox. Associates, which is behind the massive Hudson Yards redevelopment project onManhattan’s West Side.The IMAX theater, meanwhile, will have eight to nine screens and presumably be the_____40_____ venue to host premiers of productions from Oriental Dream Works----though itwon’t be ready in time fro the studio’s first effort, “Kung Fu Panda 3”, scheduled for relea January.Keys: 31-35 DKFBI 36-40 AEJGCFour【2018届上海市复旦附中高三上学期阶段测试试题】Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can onlybe used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. matchB. failureC. guaranteeD. includedE. meetF. convincingG. silent H. reaching I. contained J. causal K. regularOn Tuesdays, Thursdays and Saturdays, Dan Heins had a routine: kidney dialysis from 6 to10 a.m.; breakfast at the Main Street Deli in Anoka, Minnesota; working at his insurance officedown the block. The 56-year-old owner of the deli, Nancy Volk, knew Heins’s type 1 diabetes was responsible for his kidney_____31_____and the amputation of his leg. And Dan knew that Nancy, a single mother with three grown daughters, worked two other jobs to keep the deli openand _____32_____her house payments. One morning as he ordered his breakfast, Dan, 58, said he would be on kidney dialysis the rest of his life if he didn't receive a transplant. Nancy didn't hesitate.“I'll donate，”she said simply. A_____33______acquaintance volunteered to give him an organ？It seemed unreal to Dan，and Nancy had to spend weeks _____34_____him she was serious. The day before Thanksgiving in 2007, the results of the medical tests came in:She was a_____35______.In the months leading up to the transplant, Dan's other leg was amputated and Nancy's financial situation grew bad. Dan's insurance would cover the costs of the operations, but she wouldn't be able to work the part-time jobs for six weeks. And there was no _____36_____they'dbe there when she recovered.Deli ______37______Steve Ohlsen put a wicker donation box near the register. There was a bake sale and a _____38_____auction. In one month，the people of Anoka gave Nancy several thousand dollars—enough to cover payments on her newly financed home while she recovered.“This was just local people _____39______into their pockets,”says Ohlsen.Nancy and Dan had their operations in September. Four months later，Dan was off dialysis，and Nancy sent thank-you notes to her supporters. She _____40______a kidney bean in each envelope.Keys: 31-35 BEJFA 36-40 CKGHDSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can onlybe used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.Throughout history, people have fought bitter wars over political ideology, nationalsovereignty and religious expression. How much more 31 will these conflicts be whenpeople fight over the Earth ’s most indispensable resource water? We may find out in thenot-too-distant future if projections about the 32 of water in the Middle East and otherregions prove correct. Less than three percent of the planet ’s 33is fresh water, and almost two-thirds of this amount is 34 in ice caps, glaciers, and underground aquiferstoo deep or too remote to access. In her book, Pillars of Sand-Can the Irrigation Miracle Last, Sandra Postel outlines three forces that35 tension and conflict over freshwater: Using up the water “resource pie ”. In India, the world ’s second-most populous nation, with over 1 billion inhabitants, the rate of groundwater 36 is twice that of recharge, a deficit higher thanin any other country. Although water is a renewable resource, it is not a(n)37 one. The freshwater available today for more than 6 billion people is no greater than it was 2,000 years ago,when global population was approximately 200 million. (The current U.S. population is 287million.)Global 38 accounts for about 70% of all freshwater use. In five of the world'smost water-stressed, controversial areas the Aral Sea region, the Ganges, the Jordan, the Nilelandand Tigris-Euphrates population increases of up to 75% are projected by 2025. With the fastestrate of growth in the world, the population of Palestinian territory will more than __ 39____over the next generation. Most experts agree that, because of geography, population 40_____and politics, water wars are most likely to break out in the Middle East, a region where the amountof available freshwater per capita will decrease by about 50% over the next generation.Keys: 31-35 B H D F I 36-40 G K E A JA. doubleB. intenseC. pressuresD. stockE. agricultureF. trappedG. withdrawal H. availability I. drive J. expanding K. risingSection BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can onlybe used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. obedienceB. adaptedC. conflictD. receivedE. willF. strandedG. supervision H. harmony I. interpreted J. exception K. pursuitLord of the FilesLord of the Flies is a 1954 novel by Nobel Prize-winning British authorWilliam Golding. The book focuses on a group of British boys (31)______onan uninhabited island and their disastrous attempt to govern themselves.The novel has been critically well(32)_______. It was named in theist, andModer n Library 100 Best Novels, reaching number 41 on the editor’s l25 on the reader’s list. In 2005 Time magazine named it as one of the 100 bestEnglish-language novels from 1923 to 2005.Published in 1954, Lord of the Files was Golding’s first novel. Although it was not a great success at the time, it soon went on to become a best-seller. It was been (33)______ for film twicein English, in 1963 by Peter Brook and 1990 by Harry Hook.The book takes place in the middle of an unspecified nuclear war. A plane carrying a group ofBritish schoolboys is shot down over the Pacific. The pilot of the plane is killed, but many of theboys survive the crash and find themselves deserted on an island, where they are alone withoutadult (34)________. Some of them arrive as a musical choir(合唱队) under an established leader,while others are ordinary students. With the (35)_______ of the choirboys, some children like Samand Eric, appear never to have encountered each other before. The book portrays their graduallybecoming extremely appear never to have encountered each other before. The book portrays theirgradually becoming extremely cruel and violent. Left to themselves on a heavenly island, far frommodern civilization, the well-educated children return to a primitive state.Golding wrote his book as a counterpoint (对照) to R.M. Ballantyne’s youth novelThe CoralIsland(1858), and included specific references to it, such as the rescuing naval officer’s(36)_______ of Ralph, one of the kid leaders on island, as “a description of the children’s-Ralph, Piggyjolly(pleasant) good show, like the Coral Island”. Golding’s three central charactersCoral Island leadingand Jack -have been (37)_______ as exaggerated versions of Ballantyne’scharacters.At an allegorical(比喻的）level, the central theme is the (38)_______ of human desire forcivilization and social organization-living by rules, peacefully-and for the (39)______ to power.Several themes are revealed in the book, including the tension between groupthink and individuality, between rational and emotional reactions, between (40)_______ and aggression, andbetween morality and immorality. How these play out, and how different people feel theinfluences of these form a major subtext of Lord of the Files.Keys: 31-35 FDBGJ 36-40 KICEASeven【2018届上海市上外附中高三上学期期中试题】Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can onlybe used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. arguingB. deedsC. discoveredD. geographicalE. lengthsF. nervouslyG. properly H. common I. struggling J. trained K. unexpectedWhen Danny Wallace, 26, got bored, he put an ad on the worldwide web reading simply:“Join Me. Send a passport photo.” A year and a half later his east London flat is the headquarters(31)_______for strangers everyfor a global internet-based “club” whose members carry out good(32)________for people in London to talk to strangers. If you seeFriday. It’s notsomeone(33)________with something, part of the brain goes “I want to help”. Butwill think you are mad or going to mug them”, so the(34)_________part of the brain says: “Theyyou walk away.Join Me now has about 3,000 members around the world who do an act of kindness everyFriday. For example, I’m usually out on a Friday so I go for one of the standard acts —the(35)_______ cup of coffee. You might be sitting in a cafe and see an old man in the cornerdrinking coffee or tea, and you walk up with another cup of whatever they are drinking , and say:“ I’ve bought you a coffee” and walk away. It’s a pleasure to see the look of surprise on their faces. There can be some suspicion, but I think that was mostly in the early days when I didn’t k how to do it (36)_________. I would walk up quite (37)________like I was doing somethingwrong and I didn’t know when to leave. In the end, I learned through trial and error. Sometimes itworked, other times it didn’t. I (38)________ that you have to walk up with confidence andhit-and-runYou say: “This is for you”, then you go. It’shumour and not “get in their faces”.kindness. And there is no point in doing it half-heartedly. You’ve got to do it because you reallymean it.Join Me is without (39)_________ boundaries, but there are quite a few members in London,and such stories about things happen on the underground or on the buses. One lady got on the busand put a ￡10 note down and said: “That’s for me and the next nine people”. So at every sto anyone who got on was told it was paid for. A lot of people were doing this sort of thing anywayand go to great (40)_________to tell me. They get a lot of it; for them it’s an excuse or reason to do something nice for a complete stranger.Keys: 31-35 B H I J K 36-40 G F C D EEight【2018届上海市复旦附中高三英语教学质量调研试题】Section BDirections: Complete the following passage by using the words in the box. Each word can onlybe used once. Note that there is one word more than you need.A. toolB. promiseC. displayedD. wealthyE. imageF. skillG. celebrity H. seeking I. attending J. aggressive K. highlightedWhen the Hong Kong school year began in September, tutor Tony Chow arranged to have hisface painted on the sides of double-decker buses to raise his (31) For many of Chow’sstudents, the advertisements may be the closest they’ll ever get to him.The 30-year-old teaches English grammar to thousands of secondary school students, who。

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Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)With the coming of big data age, data science is supposed to be starved for, of which the adaption can point a profound change in corporate competitiveness. Companies, both born-in the digital era and traditional world are showing off their skills in data science. Therefore, it seems to have been creating a great demand for the experts of this type.Mr Carlos Guestrin, machine learning professor from University of Washington argues that all software applications will need inbuilt intelligence within five years, making data scientists—people trained to analyze large bodies of information — key workers in this emerging “cognitive” technology economy. There are already critical applications that depend on machine learning, a subfield of data science, led by recommendation programs, fraud detection system, forecasting tools and applications for predicting customer behavior.Many companies that are born digital—particularly internet companies that have a great number of real-time customer interactions to handle—are all-in when it comes to data science. Pinterest, for instance, maintains more than 100 machine learning models that could be applied to different classes of problems, and it constantly fields request from managers eager to use this resource to deal with their business problem.The most important factor weighing on many traditional companies will be the high cost of launching a serious machine-learning operation. Netflix is estimated to spend ＄150m a year on a single application and the total bills is probably four times that once all its uses of the technology are taken into account.Another problem for many non-technology companies is talent.Of the computer science experts who use Kaggle, only about 1000 have deep learning skills, compared to 100,000 who canapply other machine learning techniques, says Mr Goldbloom. He adds that even some big companies of this type are often reluctant to expend their pay scales to hire the top talent in this field.A third barrier to adapting to the coming era of “smart” applications, however, is likely to be cultural. Some companies, such as General Electric, have been building their own Silicon Valley presence to attract and develop the digital skills they will need.Despite the obstacles, some many master this difficult transition.But companies that were built, from the beginning, with data science at their center, are likely to represent serious competition.60. What cannot be inferred from the passage about the machine learning ?A. Machine learning operations are costly in Netflix.B. Machine learning plays an important role in existent applications.C. Machine learning experts are not highly paid in some non-technology companies.D. Machine learning models are not sufficient to solve business problems in Pinterest.61. The underlined word in the 3rd paragraph “field s” mostly probably means______________.A. avoidsB. createsC. solvesD. classifies62. Which one is the biggest obstacle for many traditional companies to begin a machine-learning operation ?A. High costB. Expert crisisC. Technological problemD. Customer interactionsKeys: 60-62 D C ASection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Think the world loves your selfies as much as you do? Not exactly.It’s become something of a ritual for many of us. When you’ve binge-watched everything on Netflix and you are tired of online shopping, you head to the bathroom to put on your very best makeup. Y our goal is clear; to get the perfect selfie for Facebook, Instagram, Snapchat…or, more likely, all of the above. After perfecting your eyeliner and curling your lashes, you’re ready. Y ou hold up your phone, pout those lips real tight, and in an instant, snap.But wait, have you ever wondered what’s behind your burning desire to self-document? Most people would say that this is a form of expression or perhaps even a way of boosting their self-esteem. Whatever your reasons may be, the moment you upload that picture, it’s no longer yours to judge. Indeed, you pass over that immense power to the online world.While you may think that your ever-growing collection of selfies endears people to you, quite the opposite may be true. That is, at least, according to a recent study, conducted by Sarah Diefenbach, a professor at Ludwig-Maximilians-University Munich and published in Frontiers in Psychology. Diefenbach surveyed a total of 238 people in Austria, Germany, and Switzerland to find out how many people regularly take and upload selfies and what they thought when others did the same thing.Rather unsurprisingly, a massive 77 percent of the people surveyed admitted to being obsessed with regularly taking selfies. What was more interesting, though, was the fact that an astonishing 82 percent of people said that they would rather see other selfies on social media. Diefenbach calls this the “selfies paradox”: the idea that we like taking selfies but seriously dislike looking at other people’s selfies online.The research didn’t just inquire into whether we want to see selfies, but also looked at how we view our own selfies as opposed to those of others. According to the results, people tend to see the selfies they like as “ self-ironic” and “authentic”, whereas they think that other people’sselfies as “less authentic” and more “self-presentational”.In short, this research suggests that there is a massive gulf of difference between how we see our own selfies and how we judge other people’s pictures. It suggests that we are comfortable with the selfies we post since we believe they are obviously not serious or vain, but we think everyone else is a total egotist for doing the very same thing.“This may explain how everybody can take selfies without feeling narcissistic. If most people think like this, then it is no wonder that the world is full of selfies,” explains Diefenbach. So, as illogical as it sounds, this could be why we unashamedly post selfies and then judge other people for doing so. Somehow, we are able to separate our own selfies from the sea of them online and naively think that ours are the only authentic ones.So, the next time you idly reach for your phone and flick through the filters, consider this: The people around you may not need another carefully planned snap of your face. Instead, you might be better off, giving it a break and calling off the selfie photo shoot today. While you’re at it, make sure you never post these pictures on social media either.60. Which of the following may not be the reason for people uploading their selfies on the Internet?A. To show others what kind of persons they are.B. To be more confident about themselves.C. To encourage others to make comments on them.D. To make others like them more.61. What does the word “paradox”(line 4, paragraph 5) mean?A. complicated statementsB. contradictory statementsC. constructive statementsD. complimentary statements62. According to the passage, what are people’s attitudes towards selfies?A. They tend to like their own selfies more compared with others’ selfies.B. They believe that other people’s selfies are much better than their own.C. They think that other people’s selfies are as genuine as theirs.D. They sometimes feel ashamed of posting selfies on social media.Keys: 60-62 CBASection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Outdoor RecreationGet outdoors with us this summer and experience the excitement and serenity within our unique programs. Research suggests that being physically active within green space helps reduce stress, anxiety, anger and improves moods and overall health and wellbeing. Our Department is integrating experiential activities for you enjoyment.All fitness levels are welcome; we accommodate most accessible needs. Please contact Laurie Wright at lwright utsc utoronto ca with any questions. Trips are offered to registered U of T students first and then if there is space to staff, non-registered students and guests of the participants. Register at recreg utoronto ca or in person at TPASC registration desk.Please check our website for all updated trip dates, prices, registration details and more! Refund are only available up to 5 business days prior to the trip.Upcoming adventuresTBD: Treetop Trekking and Mountain BikingParticipants will travel by bus up to Horseshoe Valley Resort. You may choose between a 3-hour Treetop Trekking adventure or 2 hours of x-country mountain biking through the foresttrails. Treetop Trekking involves zip-lining and climbing through obstacle courses in a serene forest setting. Both adventures will be instructor lead and equipment will be provided. No experience necessary. Beginner to advanced courses will be available.Tuesday, June 13th: Outdoor Rock Climbing OR Hiking TrailsA bus will transport students to Milton to either hike the area or rock climb. The rock climbing will take place at Rattlesnake Point and there is an opportunity for students to challenge themselves to climb up to 80ft on some of the best rock in Southern Ontario. All instructors are fully certified and all equipment will be provided. A custom course will be set up to meet needs of climbers. The hike will take place through some of the Bruce Peninsula trains and Halton Parks. Participants will have over 20kms of trails to choose from. You may hike with a group or follow the map trails with some friends.Friday, June 30th (tentative date): Warsaw CavesThe Warsaw Caves Conservation Area and Campground takes its name from a series of seven caves found in the park. Join us as we explain the multiple courses and have a picnic lunch. Com enjoy this natural underground jungle gym.......60. If you are U of T teaching staff member who would like to take part in these programs, what kind of trouble could you come across?A. You can’t get your fees for Tuesday trip back if you cancel it the previous Monday.B. These outdoor adventures exhaust you psychologically so that you are in low spirits.C. There is no space for you because registered students enjoy the priority.D. The program of exploring Warsaw Caves underground is sure to change its date.61. All the pictures below precisely illustrate the activities mentioned in the passage EXCEPT________.A. B.C. D.62. Which of the following is likely to be the next item mentioned in this passage?A. Friday, October 6th, Canoeing & Kayaking on the Humber River.B. Thursday, August 10th of Friday, August 11th: Biking at Studio 1.C. Wednesday, July 19th. Regular Checkup (Men’s only) on Millitary Trail.D. August 25-27th White Water Rafting on the Ottawa River.Keys: 60-61 CADSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Hollywood’s theory that machines with evil(邪恶) minds will drive armies of killer robots is just silly. The real problem relates to the possibility that artificial intelligence(AI) may become extremely good at achieving something other than what we really want. In 1960 a well-known mathematician Norbert Wiener, who founded the field of cybernetics 控制论）, put it this way: “If we use, to achieve our purposes, a mechanical agency with whose operation we cannot effectively interfere(干预), we had better be quite sure that the purpose put into the machine is the purposewhich we really desire.”A machine with a specific purpose has another quality, one that we usually associate with living things: a wish to preserve its own existence. For the machine, this quality is not in-born, nor is it something introduced by humans; it is a logical consequence of the simple fact that the machine cannot achieve its original purpose if it is dead. So if we send out a robot with the single instruction of fetching coffee, it will have a strong desire to secure success by disabling its own off switch or even killing anyone who might interfere with its task. If we are not careful, then, we could face a kind of global chess match against very determined, super intelligent machines whose objectives conflict with our own, with the real world as the chessboard.The possibility of entering into and losing such a match should concentrate the minds of computer scientists. Some researchers argue that we can seal the machines inside a kind of firewall, using them to answer difficult questions but never allowing them to affect the real world. Unfortunately, that plan seems unlikely to work: we have yet to invent a firewall that is secure against ordinary humans, let alone super intelligent machines.Solving the safety problem well enough to move forward in AI seems to be possible but not easy. There are probably decades in which to plan for the arrival of super intelligent machines. But the problem should not be dismissed out of hand, as it has been by some AI researchers. Some argue that humans and machines can coexist as long as they work in teams—yet that is not possible unless machines share the goals of humans. Others say we can just “switch them off” as if super intelligent machines are too stupid to think of that possibility. Still others think that super intelligent AI will never happen. On September 11, 1933, famous physicist Ernest Rutherford stated, with confidence, “Anyone who expects a source of power in the transformation of these atoms is talking moonshine.” However, on September 12, 1933, physicist Leo Szilard invented the neutron-induced(中子诱导) nuclear chain reaction.58. Paragraph 1 mainly tells us that artificial intelligence may__________.A. run out of human controlB. satisfy human’s real desiresC. command armies of killer robotsD. work faster than a mathematician59. Machines with specific purposes are associated with living things partly because they might be able to____________.A. prevent themselves from being destroyedB. achieve their original goals independentlyC. do anything successfully with given ordersD. beat humans in international chess matches60. According to some researchers, we can use firewalls to ____________.A.help super intelligent machines work betterB. be secure against evil human beingsC. keep machines from being harmedD. avoid robots’ affecting the world61. What does the author think of the safety problem of super intelligent machines?A. It will disappear with the development of AI.B. It will get worse with human interference.C. It will be solved but with difficulty.D. It will stay for a decade.Keys: 58-61 AADCSection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)4 Hotels That Will Make Your Life EasierBy John BrandonFor the business traveler who’s all about efficiency: check out these hotels that will get you in and out with a minimum trouble.When you’re pressed for time on a business trip, nothing can infuriate you more than a slow hotel check-in process. On your next trip, try these hotels that offer a speedier check-in process. 1. Yotel New YorkThe self-service kiosks at this high-tech New York -hotel are open 24x7 and work just like the ones you’d see at an airport. There are just five-steps to register and obtain your card key. There's even a robotic luggage bellboy. You tap in the number of bags you're carrying and sizes, then wait for a robot arm to swing down and store your luggage in a locker(say, for a day trip). This also speeds up the check-in process if the first thing you need to do, like me,is head to a series of meetings.2. Marriott Detroit AirportAnother option for business travelers in a hurry: Marriott is rolling out its mobile check-in app to 325 hotels this year, including the Marriott Detroit Airport hotel. (I’ve tested the app itself but not for a real visit quite yet.) here is the basic idea: you download the iPhone or Android app. The night before, you can “check-in” virtually. When you arrive, you get an alert that the room isready and your key, which is already tied to your reservation, is waiting for you at the desk.3. Hyatt Regency MinneapolisI happened to stay at this hotel recently and liked haw fast the kiosk check-in works. Like the Yotel, the kiosk asks you to insert your credit card, similar to an airport terminal. The whole process took about 3' minutes. When I left, I was equally impressed with the fast check-out：An agent meets you in the lobby with, an iPad and asks for an email to use for a receipt. The big advantage: you never have to wait in line.4. Radisson LaCrosseThe Radisson is trying to make the kiosk process even faster. At a few select hotels like the Radisson Lacrosse in Wisconsin，you use a mobile app to register the then receive a barcode by email or text. When you get to the kiosk, you can scan the barcode to get your key without any other steps required. It's super fast. You can find this new check-in system at the Radisson hotels in Salt Lake City, Seattle, and Phoenix as well.60. What does the word ‘infuriate’, in Paragraph 2 most probably mean?A. annoyB. remindC. amuseD. impress61. Which two hotels offer a mobile app for customers to check in ?A. Yotel New York and Marriott Detroit AirportB. Marriott Detroit Airport and Radisson LaCrosseC. Marriott Detroit Airport and Hyatt Regency MinneapolisD. Hyatt Regency Minneapolis and Radisson LaCrosse62. Which hotel will send you a receipt by email?A. Yotel New York'B. Marriott Detroit AirportC. Radisson LaCrosseD. Hyatt Regency MinneapolisKeys: 60-62 ABDSix【2018届上海市交大附中高三下学期开学考试题】Section BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)About Old Faithful – The Most Famous Geyser(间歇性喷泉) in the WorldDiscovered in 1870 by the Washburn Expedition, Old Faithful geyser was named for its frequent eruptions — which number more than a million since Yellowstone became the world’s first national park in 1872.When does Old Faithful erupt?Basic prediction of Old Faithful is dependent upon the duration of the previous eruption. During visitor center hours, geyser statistics and predictions are maintained by the naturalist staff. People speak of the average time between eruptions. This is misleading. The mathematical average between eruptions of Old Faithful is currently 74 minutes, but it doesn’t like to act average! Intervals can range from 60-110 minutes. Visitors can check for posted prediction times in most buildings in the Old Faithful area.How high does Old Faithful erupt and how long will it last?Old Faithful can vary in height from 100-180 feet with an average near 130-140 feet. This59. You and your friend just watched the eruption of Old Faithful at 12:26 p.m., at what time is itpossible for you to enjoy the next one?A. 13:10B. 14:06C. 15:06D. 13:1660. Which one of the following statement about Old Faithful is true?A. The geyser’s name gives people an indication that it always erupts regularly, about 20 timeseach day, once every 74 minutes.B. When it is erupting, people should keep a safe distance from that due to the huge amount ofwater it expels as well as its freezing coldness.C. If visitors want to check the eruption time, they may refer to the posted timetables, on whichthe predictions are calculated by the naturalists.D. Old Faithful is a well-known geyser which can expel at least 3700 gallons water each timeand it’s located in the world’s largest national park.61. Where does the article most probably appear?A. Local travel pamphlets introducing Yellowstone.B. The Yellowstone official website.C. A recently-issued guide book on Yellowstone.D. A travel magazine column about Yellowstone.Keys: 59-61 CDASection BDirections：Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A, B, C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.( B )Engineering students are supposed to be examples of practicality and rationality, but when it comes to my college education I am an idealist and a fool. In high school I wanted to be an electrical engineer and, of course, any sensible student with my aims would have chosen a college with a large engineering department, famous reputation and lots of good labs and research equipment. But that’s not what I did.I chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university that doesn’t even offer a major in electrical engineering. Obviously, this was not a practical choice; I came here for more noble reasons. I wanted a broad education that would provide me with flexibility and a value system to guide me in my career. I wanted to open my eyes and expand my vision by interacting with people who weren’t studying science or engineering. My parents, teachers and other adults praised me forsuch a sensible choice. They told me I was wise and mature beyond my 18 years, and I believed them.I headed off to college sure I was going to have an advantage over those students who went to big engineering “factories” where they didn’t care if you have values or were flexible. I was going to be a complete engineer: technical genius and sensitive humanist all in one.Now I’m not so sure. Somewhere along the way my noble ideals crashed into reality, as all noble ideals eventually do. After three years of struggling to balance math, physics and engineering courses with liberal-arts courses, I have learned there are reasons why few engineering students try to reconcile（协调）engineering with liberal-arts courses in college.The reality that has blocked my path to become the typical successful student is that engineering and the liberal arts simply don’t’ mix as easily as I assumed in high school. Individually they shape a person in very different ways; together they threaten to confuse. The struggle to reconcile the two fields of study is difficult.60.The author chose to study engineering at a small liberal-arts university because he_________ .A)wanted to be an example of practicality and rationality.B)intended to be a combination of engineer and humanist.C)wanted to coordinate engineering with liberal-arts courses in college.D)intended to be a sensible student with noble ideals.61.In the eyes of the author, a successful engineering student is expected___________.A)to have an excellent academic record.B)to be wise and mature.C)to be imaginative with a value system to guide him.D)to be a technical genius with a wide vision.62.The author’s experience shows that he was___________.A)creative B) ambitious C) unrealistic D) irrationalKeys: 60-62 BDCEight 【2018届上海市复旦附中高三英语教学质量调研试题】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A，B，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Learning English Video Project1. Encounters in the UK (17 minutes)Watch | CommentsEncounters in the UK is the first film in this documentary mini-series. It tells thestory of four girls from different countries who travel to Cambridge in England tostudy with local families in what is called a “homestay” arrangement. For the fourgirls the homestay arrangement is a positive experience. As one of the homestayhosts explains: “It’s going to be a great experience, not only in terms of learningEnglish, but in learning about life.”Watch with: subtitles | transcript | no subtitles | Comments2. Stories from Morocco (16 minutes)Watch | CommentsSet in Casablanca, Morocco, this film features footage and interviews focusing onkey questions such as “Why are people learning English?” and “What tips andadvice car learners offer?” Staff and learners discuss the advantages and challengesof English language learning in Morocco. Interviewees touch on a variety of topicsincluding British vs American accents, multi-level classrooms, and the similarities ofEnglish to French and Spanish.Watch with Subtitles | Watch without Subtitles | Comments3. Thoughts from Brazil (17 minutes)Watch | CommentsLike Insights from China, Thoughts from Brazil also looks at modern trends inlearning English, especially for children and teens, it will be of particular interest toall those who long for a learning experience that is more interactive and communicative. Teens and young adults will find new ideas for combining personalinterests such as music, gaming and social media with self-study. As Daniel Emmerson talks to learners and teachers of English in Sao Paulo, Brazil, hediscovers that many of them have found for themselves the principle of learning bydoing and have readily adapted it to the Internet era.Watch with Subtitles | Watch without Subtitles | Comments59. From the passage we can conclude that “Learning English Video Project” is most probably .A. an online language learning courseB. audio documents on language learningC. a series of short video programsD. a set of films on English-speaking countries60. If someone is interested in the comparison between English and other languages, he might be interested to watch .A. Encounters in the UKB. Stories from MoroccoC. Thoughts from BrazilD. Insights from China61. What can we know about English learning in Sao Paulo, Brazil?A. Classroom teaching is more interactive and communicative.B. Homestay arrangement provides positive experience for learners.C. The Internet and games plays a major role in language learning.D. The principle of learning by doing is widely accepted by learners.Keys: 59-61 CBDNine 【2018届上海市光明中学高三英语上学期开学考试题】Section BDirections: Read the following three passages. Each passage is followed by several questions or unfinished statements. For each of them there are four choices marked A ，B ，C and D. Choose the one that fits best according to the information given in the passage you have just read.(B)Gray LineDiscover Brisbane and surrounds with Gray LineBrisbane.Their widerange of tours in air -conditioned coaches, combined with theguide'sexpert knowledge, ensures a day to remember.Brisbane City Morning Tour (tour B481)Departs: daily 9:00 am.Returns: 11:45 am.Discover this vibrant city with its charming architecture,colonial history and enjoy the sweeping views of the city and Brisbane River from Kangaroo Point Cliffs.-Cathedral Square -Parliament House -Windmill -Anzac Square-City Hall -Chinatown -Captain Cook and Story BridgeAdult Concession Child $69 $67 $45。

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