专业词汇中英文
敏捷与Scrum的中英文专业词汇对照表
敏捷与Scrum的中英文专业词汇对照表一、敏捷(Agile)1. 敏捷宣言(Agile Manifesto)2. 敏捷方法(Agile Methodology)3. 敏捷团队(Agile Team)4. 敏捷原则(Agile Principles)5. 敏捷实践(Agile Practices)二、Scrum1. Scrum框架(Scrum Framework)2. 产品待办列表(Product Backlog)3. Sprint待办列表(Sprint Backlog)4. Sprint计划会议(Sprint Planning Meeting)5. 每日站立会议(Daily Standup Meeting)6. Sprint评审会议(Sprint Review Meeting)7. Sprint回顾会议(Sprint Retrospective Meeting)8. 产品负责人(Product Owner)9. Scrum主管(Scrum Master)10. 开发团队(Development Team)11. 用户故事(User Story)12. 任务(Task)13. 故事点(Story Points)14. 燃尽图(Burndown Chart)15. 燃起图(Burnup Chart)16. 定义完成(Definition of Done)17. 定义就绪(Definition of Ready)18. Scrum板(Scrum Board)19. Scrum工具(Scrum Tools)20. 敏捷教练(Agile Coach)21. 敏捷转型(Agile Transformation)22. 敏捷领导力(Agile Leadership)23. 敏捷文化(Agile Culture)24. 敏捷组织(Agile Organization)25. 敏捷产品管理(Agile Product Management)26. 敏捷项目管理(Agile Project Management)27. 敏捷开发(Agile Development)28. 敏捷测试(Agile Testing)29. 敏捷交付(Agile Delivery)30. 敏捷质量(Agile Quality)31. 敏捷持续集成(Agile Continuous Integration)32. 敏捷持续部署(Agile Continuous Deployment)33. 敏捷持续交付(Agile Continuous Delivery)34. 敏捷估算(Agile Estimation)35. 敏捷优先级(Agile Prioritization)36. 敏捷风险管理(Agile Risk Management)37. 敏捷需求管理(Agile Requirements Management)38. 敏捷敏捷迭代(Agile Iteration)39. 敏捷敏捷冲刺(Agile Sprint)40. 敏捷敏捷发布(Agile Release)41. 敏捷敏捷反馈(Agile Feedback)42. 敏捷敏捷协作(Agile Collaboration)43. 敏捷敏捷沟通(Agile Communication)44. 敏捷敏捷学习(Agile Learning)45. 敏捷敏捷适应(Agile Adaptation)46. 敏捷敏捷改进(Agile Improvement)47. 敏捷敏捷敏捷迭代(Agile Agile Iteration)48. 敏捷敏捷敏捷冲刺(Agile Agile Sprint)49. 敏捷敏捷敏捷发布(Agile Agile Release)50. 敏捷敏捷敏捷反馈(Agile Agile Feedback)51. 敏捷敏捷敏捷协作(Agile Agile Collaboration)52. 敏捷敏捷敏捷沟通(Agile Agile Communication)53. 敏捷敏捷敏捷学习(Agile Agile Learning)54. 敏捷敏捷敏捷适应(Agile Agile Adaptation)55. 敏捷敏捷敏捷改进(Agile Agile Improvement)56. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷迭代(Agile Agile Agile Iteration)57. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷冲刺(Agile Agile Agile Sprint)58. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷发布(Agile Agile Agile Release)59. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷反馈(Agile Agile Agile Feedback)60. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷协作(Agile Agile Agile Collaboration)61. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷沟通(Agile Agile Agile Communication)62. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷学习(Agile Agile Agile Learning)63. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷适应(Agile Agile Agile Adaptation)64. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷改进(Agile Agile Agile Improvement)65. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷迭代(Agile Agile Agile Agile Iteration)66. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷冲刺(Agile Agile Agile Agile Sprint)67. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷发布(Agile Agile Agile Agile Release)68. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷反馈(Agile Agile Agile Agile Feedback)69. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷协作(Agile Agile Agile Agile Collaboration)70. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷沟通(Agile Agile Agile Agile Communication)71. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷学习(Agile Agile Agile Agile Learning)72. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷适应(Agile Agile Agile Agile Adaptation)73. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷改进(Agile Agile Agile Agile Improvement)74. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷迭代(Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Iteration)75. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷冲刺(Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Sprint)Agile Release)77. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷反馈(Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Feedback)78. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷协作(Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Collaboration)79. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷沟通(Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Communication)80. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷学习(Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Learning)81. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷适应(Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Adaptation)82. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷改进(Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Improvement)83. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷迭代(Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Iteration)84. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷冲刺(Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Sprint)85. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷发布(Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Release). 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷反馈(Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Feedback)87. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷协作(Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Collaboration)Agile Agile Agile Communication)89. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷学习(Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Learning)90. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷适应(Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Adaptation)91. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷改进(Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Improvement)92. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷迭代(Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Iteration)93. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷冲刺(Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Sprint)94. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷发布(Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Release)95. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷反馈(Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Feedback)96. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷协作(Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Collaboration)97. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷沟通(Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Communication)98. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷学习(Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Learning)99. 敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷敏捷适应(Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Adaptation)Agile Agile Agile Agile Agile Improvement)三、敏捷与Scrum的核心理念与价值观1. 个体和互动高于流程和工具(Individuals and interactions over processes and tools)3. 客户合作高于合同谈判(Customer collaboration over contract negotiation)4. 响应变化高于遵循计划(Responding to change over following a plan)四、Scrum的角色与职责1. 产品负责人(Product Owner)负责定义产品的愿景和方向管理产品待办列表的优先级确保团队理解用户故事和需求2. Scrum主管(Scrum Master)确保Scrum流程得到遵守移除团队工作中的障碍促进团队自组织和跨职能工作3. 开发团队(Development Team)自组织地计划并完成工作每日站立会议中同步工作进展在Sprint评审会议中展示工作成果五、Scrum的工件1. 产品待办列表(Product Backlog)包含所有可能的产品需求由产品负责人负责维护2. Sprint待办列表(Sprint Backlog)从产品待办列表中选出的任务由开发团队在Sprint计划会议中创建3. 增量(Increment)在每个Sprint结束时完成的工作成果必须符合定义完成(DoD)标准六、Scrum的会议1. Sprint计划会议(Sprint Planning Meeting)决定Sprint目标并选择任务通常为8小时，每Sprint一次2. 每日站立会议(Daily Standup Meeting)每天进行，每个成员分享进展、计划和障碍通常为15分钟3. Sprint评审会议(Sprint Review Meeting)展示Sprint成果给利益相关者收集反馈，调整产品待办列表通常为4小时，每Sprint一次4. Sprint回顾会议(Sprint Retrospective Meeting)团队讨论Sprint过程中的经验和改进点通常为3小时，每Sprint一次七、Scrum的实践1. 时间盒(Timeboxing)为活动设定固定的时间限制确保会议和Sprint按计划进行2. 自组织(Selforganization)团队成员自主决定如何完成工作促进团队成员的责任感和创造力3. 跨职能(Crossfunctional)团队成员拥有完成工作所需的全部技能减少依赖和等待时间4. 持续集成(Continuous Integration)频繁地将代码集成到主分支通过自动化测试保持代码质量5. 持续部署(Continuous Deployment)自动将代码部署到生产环境加速反馈循环，提高交付速度八、敏捷与Scrum的优势1. 提高团队生产力2. 增强产品质量3. 提升客户满意度4. 增强市场响应能力5. 促进团队协作和沟通6. 增强组织的适应性和灵活性九、敏捷与Scrum的挑战1. 变化管理2. 团队协作3. 敏捷文化推广4. 领导力转型5. 敏捷工具的选择和使用6. 敏捷与现有流程的整合7. 敏捷技能的培训和发展8. 敏捷项目的监控和评估十、敏捷与Scrum的未来趋势1. 敏捷与DevOps的融合3. 敏捷在非软件行业的应用4. 敏捷与大数据分析的结合5. 敏捷在教育和培训中的应用6. 敏捷与区块链技术的结合7. 敏捷与虚拟现实和增强现实的应用8. 敏捷在医疗健康行业的应用通过这份对照表，希望能够帮助您更好地理解和应用敏捷与Scrum 的方法论，提升您的团队协作效率和工作质量。
专业术语
现代回归分析专业词汇、术语中英文对照第一章Linear regression model/analysis 线性回归模型/分析Response variable 因变量、解释变量、反应变量、响应变量Predictor variable 自变量、回归变量、预测变量Scatterplot 散点图Scatterplots matrix 散点图矩阵Data 数据Summary graph 描述图、概述图、摘要图The horizontal axis 水平轴、横轴、x轴the vertical axis 垂直轴、纵轴、y轴Separated point 离群点Leverage point 杠杆点Outlier 异常点Base 10 common logarithm 以10为底的常用对数Base-2 logrithm 以2为底的对数Natural logarithm 自然对数Cross-sectional data 截面数据Time series data 时间序列数据Longitudinal data 纵向数据；即panel data 面板数据Mean f unction 均值函数Population mean 总体均值(期望)Nonparam etric estimate 非参数估计nonparametric regression 非参数回归Smoother 光滑Transf ormation 变换Variance f unction 方差函数Summary statistics 描述统计量Smooth curve 光滑曲线Quadratic polynomial 二次多项式Null plotMarginal relationship 边际关系joint relationship 联合关系第二章Simple linear regression 简单线性回归、一元线性回归Parameter 参数Intercept 截距Slope 斜率Expected value 期望值expectation 期望Statistical error 统计误差Random variable 随机变量Assumption 假设Independent 独立Normally distributed 服从正态分布normality 正态性Poisson distribution 泊松分布Binomial distribution 二项分布Ordinary least squares estimation /OLS 普通最小二乘估计The residual sum of squares /RSS 残差平方和Residual 残差f itted value 拟合值predict value 预测值Regression coeff i cients 回归系数Cross-product 叉乘、交叉乘积Corrected sum of squares 修正平方和uncorrected sum of squares 未修正的平方和Corrected cross products 修正的叉积uncorrected cross product 未修正的叉积sample average 样本均值population average 总体均值sample variance 样本方差population variance 总体方差sample covariance (matrix) 样本协方差(矩阵)sample correl ation (matrix) 样本相关系数(矩阵)population correlation 总体相关系数inconsistency 不一致性、非一致性sample 样本sampling 抽样asymmetry 不对称dashed line 虚线solid line实线rounding 舍入、舍去estimated equation 估计出来的方程unbiased estimate 无偏估计degrees of freedom /df自由度residual degrees of freedom 残差自由度mean square 均方和residual mean square 残差均方和square root 平方根standard error 标准误差standard deviation 标准差residual standard error 残差标准误差即regression standard error 回归标准误差normal distribution 正态分布chi-squared distribution 卡方分布t distribution t分布 F distribution F分布linear combination 线性组合Gauss-Markov theorem 高斯-马尔科夫定理Best linear unbiased estimate /BLUE 最佳线性无偏估计Linearity 线性normality 正态性nonlinearity 非线性independently and identically distributed /i.i.d. 独立同分布estimated variance 方差的估计analysis of vari ance /ANOVA 方差分析F-test F检验t-test t检验regression sum of squares /SSreg 回归平方和regression df / model df回归自由度、又称为模型自由度null hypothesis 原假设alternative hypothesis 备择假设sample size 样本量numerator 分子denominator 分母signif icance level 显著性水平p value p值percentage point 分位点percentile 分位数critical value 临界值power of test 检验的势、检验的功效coeff i cient of det ermination 可决系数、判决系数scale-free 无计量单位的、无量纲的conf idence interval 置信区间conf idence level 置信水平hypothesis test 假设检验two-sided test 双边检验one-sided test 单边检验prediction 预测point prediction 点预测predictive interval 预测区间standard error of prediction 预测标准误差joint conf idence region 联合置信域residuals plot 残差图第三章Multiple linear regression model 多元线性回归Fertility 出生率Per person gross domestic product 人均国内生产总值(GDP)Urbanization 城市化Perspective 透视法motion 运动、动画3-dinensional plot 三维图Added-variable plot 附加(增加)变量图Linear f unction of the paramet ers 参数的线性函数Hyperplane 超平面Term 项predictor 自变量Continuous variable 连续变量Discrete variable 离散变量Categorical vari able /data 分类变量/数据Transf ormations of predictors 自变量的变换Interaction term 交叉项、交互作用项Dummy variable 虚拟变量Factor 因子Sample correlation matrix 样本相关矩阵Random vector 随机向量Variance-covariance matrix 方差和协方差矩阵Identity matrix 单位矩阵rounding error 舍入误差matrix decomposition 矩阵分解Q R f actori zation Q R分解total sum of squares 总离差平方和regression sum of squares 回归平方和several orders of magnitude 几个数量级main diagonal elements 主对角线元素different nested sets 不同的嵌套集overall analysis of variance 总方差分析computed signif icance level (实际)计算的显著性水平，即p值multiple correlation coeff icient 复相关系数subtract … f rom … 从… 减去…partial F-test 偏F检验sequential analysis of vari ance 序贯方差分析、依次方差分析第四章Fitting model 拟合模型Units of regression parameters /coeff ici ents 回归参数/系数的单位Rate of change 变化率Signs of parameter estimates 参数估计的符号Straight line直线Weak signif icance 弱显著性，即该自变量对因变量的效应很弱或不显著Quadratic time trend 二次时间趋势Rank def i cient 不满秩over-paramet erized 过度参数化，即模型中参数太多，不能由数据估计nonlinear combination 非线性组合linearly independent 线性独立(无关) linearly dependent 线性相关rank of matrix 矩阵的秩f ull rank 满秩computer package 计算机软件包one-way design 单因素设计、单向设计the column of ones 分量全都是1的列向量place a constraint 施加一个约束the order of f itting 拟合的阶test of signif icance 显著性检验repeated experimentation 反复试验dropping variable /term 遗漏变量/项、删除变量conditional expectation 条件期望rectangl e 矩形quadratic f unction 二次函数the f irst derivative of mean f unction with respect to x 均值函数的关于x的一阶导数the slope of the tangent 切线的斜率differentiating the second equation 对第二个方程求微分experimental data 实验数据、试验数据experimental predictors 试验自变量observational data 观测数据observational predictors 观测自变量fertilizer 肥料、化肥the spacing of plants 作物的间距irrigation 灌溉plots of land 地块charact eristics of the plots 地块的特征drainage 排水exposure 光照、日照时间soil f ertility 土壤肥力weather variable 天气变量yields 产量causation 因果关系association 伴随关系、联系feedlot 养殖场plausible 看似合理的outweigh 大于、超过lurking variable 遗漏变量、潜在变量random assignment 随机分配normal population 正态总体multivariate normal distribution 多元正态分布conditional distribution 条件分布random sampling 随机抽样population multiple correlation coeff i cient 总体复相关系数bivariate normal distribution 二元正态分布nonlinear regression 非线性回归regression through the origin 过原点的回归missing data缺失数据incomplete data 不完全数据、即缺失数据missing at random /MAR 随机缺失censored response 因变量删失cross-cultural demographic study 跨文化的人口研究less-developed count ry 不发达国家EM algorithm EM算法Joint distribution 联合分布multiple imputation 多重插值computationally intensive method 计算量大的方法computer simulation 计算机模拟percentile-based 基于分位数的median 中位数sampling with replacem ent 重复抽样、有放回的抽样bootstrap method bootstrap方法、自助法bootstrap sample bootstrap样本large sample size 大样本skewed distribution 偏态分布、有偏分布bootstrap bias bootstrap偏差bootstrap interval bootstrap区间normal interval 正态区间measured with error 有误差的测量、测量误差capture–recapture experiment 捕获再捕获试验第五章Lack of f it test 拟合失真检验、拟合不足检验、失拟检验Weighted least squares /WLS 加权最小二乘Constant variance 常方差homoscedasticity 同方差、同方差性Nonconstant variance 异方差heteroscedasticity 异方差heteroscedasticity Weighted residual sum of squares 加权残差平方和Identity matrix 单位矩阵Mixed effect model 混合效应模型Variance component model 方差分量模型Econometric model 计量经济学模型Generalized least squares /GLS 广义最小二乘Positive def inite matrix 正定矩阵Gamma distribution 伽马分布Variance stabilizing transf ormation 方差稳定变换Generalized linear model 广义线性模型Logistic regression logistic回归Poisson regression 泊松回归Log-linear regression 对数线性回归Systematic bias 系统性偏差Model-f ree estimate 与模型无关的估计Pooled estimate 联合估计、合并估计Pure error 纯误差Sum of squares f or lack of f it 拟合不足的平方和、失拟平方和general F testing 一般的F检验non-null distribution 非原假设下的分布noncentral chi-squared distribution 非中心卡方分布likelihood ratio test 似然比检验robust 稳健的joint conf idence regions 联合置信域ellipsoid 椭球、椭球体ellipse 椭圆the orientation of ellipse 椭圆的方向第六章Polynomial 多项式polynomial regression 多项式回归Factor 因素、因子Smooth f unction 光滑函数integer powers of the predictors 预测变量的整数次幂quadratic regression 二次回归the range of the predictor 预测变量的值域cubic 三次的polynomial of high-enough degree 足够高次的多项式physical model 物理模型numerical accuracy 数值精度centering 中心化orthogonal polynomial 正交多项式the highest-order term 最高阶的项nonsignif icant 不显著的second-order mean f unction 二阶均值函数quadratic curve 二次曲线delta method 德尔塔方法nonlinear combination 非线性组合elementary calculus 基础微积分Taylor series expansion 泰勒级数展开式Partial derivative 偏导数Regularity conditions 正则条件Symbolic dif ferentiation 符号微分Fractional polynomial 分数次幂多项式fractional powers of predictors 自变量的分数次幂qualitative or categorical predictors 定性或分类自变量two levels 两水平dummy variable 虚拟变量The f actor rule 因素法则、因子准则one-way analysis of vari ance 单因素方差分析Parallel regression 并行回归Within-group 组内的Coincident regression lines 重合的回归直线less stringent model 更(较)不严格的模型main-effects 主效应partial one-dimensional mean f unction 偏一维均值函数random coeff i cient model 随机系数模型wetland contamination 湿地污染chloride concentrations 氯的浓度road runoff路面径流intra-class correlation 类内相关性、组内相关性random intercepts model 随机截距模型linear mixed model 线性混合效应模型第七章Transf ormation 变换nonlinear transf orm ation 非线性变换Uneven 不均匀的In the transf ormed scale 在变换后的尺度中、in log scale 对数尺度Power transf ormation 幂变换Transf ormation f amily 变换族Strictly positive严格大于零的、严格为正的Cube root 三次根log transf ormation 对数变换inverse transf ormation 逆变换、倒数变换empirical rule 经验法则the log rule对数法则the range rule 值域法则multiplicative error 乘法误差、相乘形式的误差scaled power transf ormation 尺度化的幂变换basic power transf ormation 基本幂变换nonlinear least squares 非线性最小二乘inverse f itted value plot 逆拟合值图、倒拟合值图Box-Cox transf orm ation Box-Cox变换modif ied power f amily 修正的幂变换族modif ied power transf ormation 修正的幂变换、调整的幂变换、改进的幂变换geometric mean 几何平均数linear predictors 线性预测变量nonpositive variable 非正变量Y eo-Johnson transf orm ation Y eo-Johnson变换第八章Regression diagnostics 回归诊断graphical diagnostics 图形诊断Residual 残差rescaled residual 重新调整的残差Inf luential case 影响点strong inf luence point 强影响点Diagnostic statistics 诊断统计量Distance measure 距离度量(测度) leverage value 杠杆值Full column rank 列满秩Hat matrix 帽子矩阵Zero mean and uncorrelated el ements 零均值且元素(分量)不相关Common variance 同方差、共同的方差Computed residual 计算出的残差Symmetric matrix 对称矩阵Orthogonal projection 正交投影Column space 列向量空间Leverage 杠杆high leverage point 高杠杆点Elliptical contour 椭圆等高线Weighted hat matrix 加权帽子矩阵Weighted f itted values 加权拟合值weighted residual 加权残差Pearson residual Pearson残差weighted residual sum of squares 加权残差平方和nonconstant variance 非常数方差、即异方差incorrectly speci f ied mean f unction 错误设定的均值函数the right-opening megaphone 右开口喇叭megaphone 麦克风test f or curvature 检验曲率、检验弯曲程度、检验曲线(即非线性)Tukey’s test f or nonadditivity 非可加性的Tukey检验Remedy 补救措施Variance stabilizing transf ormation 方差稳定变换Within group variance 组内方差Generalized least squares 广义最小二乘Remain unbiased 仍然保持无偏性Ineff ici ent 无效的inaccurat e 不精确的Generalized linear model 广义线性模型Diagnostic f or nonconstant variance 异方差的诊断Score test 得分检验、Score检验Asymptotic distribution 渐进分布Model assessment 模型评价第九章Outliers 异常点inf luence 影响点Mean shif t outliers model /MSOM 均值漂移异常点模型Large residual (较)大的残差Candidates of outliers 可能的异常点、异常点的候选者Oil deposits 石油储量Outliers identif ication 异常点的识别outlier test 异常点检验Standardized residual 标准化残差Studentized statistics 学生化统计量studentized residual 学生化残差Critical value 临界值Multiple test 多重检验multiple comparison 多重比较Bonf erroni inequality Bonf erroni不等式Conservative 保守的Robust statistical method 稳健的统计方法Inf luence analysis 影响分析Robustness of the conclusion 结论的稳健性Perturbation 扰动Case deleting model /CDM 数据删除模型、个案删除模型、样本点删除模型Cook’s distance Cook距离Local inf luence analysis 局部影响分析Normality assumption 正态性假设Small sample小样本bootstrap method Nonnormality 非正态性Supernormality of residual 残差的超正态性Normal probability plot 正态概率图、正态PP图Order statistics 秩序统计量、顺序统计量Expected order statistics 期望的秩序统计量、预期的秩序统计量第十章Variable selection 变量选择Cheap data and expensive inf ormation 数据廉价但信息昂贵Training of employees 雇员的培训、员工的培训Supplier of raw materials 原材料的供应Important or active predictors 重要或有效的自变量、起作用的自变量Inactive predi ctors 无效变量、不起作用的自变量To overestimate signif icance 高估显著性Machine learning 机器学习data mining 数据挖掘Identi f ying the active predictors 识别有效自变量Surprisingly dif f icult 非常困难Highly positive correlated 高度正相关Highly negative correlated 高度负相关Collinearity 共线性multicollinearity 多重共线性Exactly collinear 完全共线的、即线性相关linearly dependent 线性相关Approximate collinearity 近似共线性，即常说的共线性Sample correlation 样本相关系数approximately collinear 近似共线性的variance inf l ation factor /VIF 方差膨胀因子inf orm ation criteria 信息准则lack of f it of a model 一个模型的拟合失真(即不足)情况complexity of a model 一个模型的复杂性(由其变量的个数决定，太复杂就会产生过度拟合) model comparison 模型比较Akaike inf ormation criteria /AIC 赤池信息准则Bayes inf orm ation criteria /BIC 贝叶斯信息准则Schwarz inf orm ation criteria 许瓦兹信息准则Mallows’ C pComputationally intensive criteria 计算量大的准则Cross-validation 交叉验证Construction set 构造集、建模集V alidation set 验证集Training set 训练集test set 测试集Predicted residual 预测残差predicted residual sum of squares /PRESS 预测残差平方和leaps and bounds algorithm 跨越式算法、快速算法stepwise method 逐步方法stepwise regression 逐步回归f orward selection 前向选择backward elimination algorithm 后向删除算法best subset 最佳子集subset selection 子集选择normal random deviate 正态随机数random number 随机数overstate signif i cance 夸大显著性，即夸大自变量对因变量效应的显著性calibrate 定标、校正、作为标准。
专业词汇中英文对照
体外受精 In vitro fertilization
(IVF)
器官移植术 Organs’ transplanting
第十一讲
汉语
英语
安乐死 eue
汉语 卫生改革 市场经济 竞争 价值观念
第一讲
汉语
英语
• 道德
morals,morality
• 伦理学
ethics
• 道德哲学 moral philosophy
• 医学伦理学 medical ethics
• 生命伦理学 bioethics
• 职业道德 professional ethics
• 医学道德 medical morality
第二讲
知情同意 Informed consent
第九讲
汉语 英语
计划生育 Birth control; Family planning
优生学 Eugenics
生命的价 The value and 值和神圣 dignity of life
第十讲
汉语
英语
人工受精 Artificial insemination(AI)
第七讲
汉语
英语
预防医学 Preventive medicine
妇幼保健 Maternal and chil hygiene,
mother and child core 环境保护 Environmental
protection
第八讲
汉语
英语
医学科研 Medical research
人体实验 Experiments involving human subjects
金融学专业词汇(中英文对照)
金融学专业词汇（中英文对照）目录1. 货币与货币制度 (3)2. 国际货币体系与汇率制度 (4)3. 信用、利息与信用形成 (5)4. 金融范畴的形成与发展 (7)5. 金融中介体系 (7)6. 存款货币银行 (9)7. 中央银行 (10)8. 金融市场 (10)9. 资本市场 (13)10. 金融体系结构 (14)11. 金融基础设施 (14)12. 利率的决定作用 (15)13. 货币需求 (16)14. 现代货币的创造机制 (17)15. 货币供给 (17)16. 货币均衡 (18)17. 开放经济的均衡 (18)18. 通货膨胀和通货紧缩 (19)19. 货币政策 (20)20. 货币政策与财政政策的配合 (21)21. 开放条件下的政策搭配与协调 (22)22. 利率的风险结构与期限结构 (22)23. 资产组合与资产定价 (23)24. 商业银行业务与管理 (25)25. 货币经济与实际经济 (26)26. 金融发展与经济增长 (26)27. 金融脆弱性与金融危机 (27)28. 金融监管 (27)1.货币与货币制度货币:(currency)外汇:(foreign exchange)铸币:(coin)银行券:(banknote)纸币:(paper currency)存款货币:(deposit money)价值尺度:(measure of values)货币单位:(currency unit)货币购买力:(purchasing power of money)购买力平价:(purchasing power parity,PPP)流通手段:(means of circulation)购买手段:(means of purchasing)交易的媒介:(media of exchange)支付手段:(means of payment)货币需求:(demand for money)货币流通速度:(velocity of money)保存价值:(store of value)汇率:(exchange rate)一般等价物:(universal equivalent)流动性:(liquidity)通货:(currency)准货币:(quasi money)货币制度:(monetary system)本位制:(standard)金本位:(gold standard)造币:(coinage)铸币税:(seigniorage)本位币:(standard money)辅币:(fractional money)货币法偿能力:(legal tender powers)复本位制:(bimetallic standard)金汇兑本位:(gold exchange standard)金平价:(gold parity)金块本位制:(gold bullion standard)2.国际货币体系与汇率制度浮动汇率制:(floating exchange rate regime)货币局制度:(currency board arrangement)联系汇率制度:(linked exchange rate system)美元化:(dollarization)最优通货区理论:(theory of optimum currency area)货币消亡:(money disappearance)外汇:(foreign currency)外汇管理:(exchange regulation)外汇管制:(exchange control)可兑换:(convertibility)不可兑换:(inconvertibility)经常项目:(current account)资本项目:(capital account)汇率:(exchange rate)牌价:(posted price)直接标价法:(direct quotation)间接标价法:(indirect quotation)单一汇率:(unitary exchange rate)多重汇率:(multiple exchange rate)市场汇率:(market exchange rate)官方汇率:(official exchange rate)黑市:(black market)固定汇率:(fixed exchange rate)浮动汇率:(floating exchange rate)管理浮动:(managed float)盯住汇率制度:(pegged exchange rate regime)固定钉住:(fixed peg)在水平带内的盯住:(pegged within horizontal bands)爬行钉住:(crawling peg)外汇指定银行:(designated foreign exchange bank)货币的对外价值:(external value of exchange)货币的对内价值:(internal value of exchange)名义汇率:(nominal exchange rate)实际汇率:(real exchange rate)铸币平价:(mint parity)金平价:(gold parity)黄金输送点:(gold transport point)国际借贷说:(theory of international indebtedness)流动债权:(current claim)流动负债:(current liablity)国际收支说:(theory of balance payment)汇兑心理说:(psychology theory of exchange rate)货币分析说:(monetary approach)金融资产说:(portfolio theory of exchange rate determination)利率平价理论:(theory of interest rate parity)外汇风险:(exchange risk)中国的外汇调剂:(foreign exchange swap)3.信用、利息与信用形成信用:(credit)利息:(interest)收益:(yield)资本化:(capitalization of interest)高利贷:(usury)利率:(interest rate)债权:(claim)债务:(debt obligation)借入:(borrowing)贷出:(lending)盈余:(surplus)赤字:(deficit)跨时预算约束:(intertemporal budget constraint)资金流量:(flow of funds)部门:(sector)借贷资本:(loan capital)实体:(real)商业信用:(commercial credit)银行信用:(bank credit)本票:(promissory note)汇票:(bill of exchange)商业本票:(commercial paper)商业汇票:(commercial bill)承兑:(acceptance)背书:(endorsement)直接融资:(direct finance)间接融资:(indirect finance)短期国库卷:(treasury bill)中期国库卷:(treasury note)长期国库卷:(treasury bond)国债:(national debt)公债:(public debt)资本输出:(export of capital)国际资本流动:(international capital flow)国外商业性借贷:(foreign direct investment,FDI)国际游资:(hot money)4.金融范畴的形成与发展财政:(public finance)公司理财:(corporate finance)投资:(investment)保险:(insurance)财产保险:(property insurance)人身保险:(mutual life insurance)相互人寿保险:(mutual life insurance)信托:(trust)租赁:(leasing)5.金融中介体系金融中介:(financial intermediary)金融机构:(financial institution)借者:(borrower)贷者:(lender)货币中介:(monetary intermediation)权益资本:(equity capital)中央银行:(central bank)货币当局:(monetary authority)存款货币银行:(deposit money bank)商业银行:(commercial bank)投资银行:(investment bank)商人银行:(merchant bank)财务公司:(financial companies)储蓄银行:(saving bank)抵押银行:(mortgage bank)信用合作社:(credit cooperative)保险业:(insurance industry)跨国银行:(multinational bank)代表处:(representative office)经理处:(agency)分行:(branch)子银行:(subsidiary)联营银行:(affiliate)国际财团银行:(consortium bank)中国人民银行:(People’s Bank of China)政策性银行:(policy banks)国有商业银行:(state-owned commercial banks)资产管理公司:(assets management company)证券公司:(securities company)券商:(securities dealer)农村信用合作社:(rural credit cooperatives)城市信用合作社:(urban credit cooperatives)信托投资公司:(trust and investment companies)信托:(trust)金融租赁:(financial leasing)邮政储蓄:(postal savings)财产保险:(property insurance)商业保险:(commercial insurance)社会保险:(social insurance)保险深度:(insurance intensity)保险密度:(insurance density)投资基金:(investment funds)证券投资基金:(security funds)封闭式基金:(closed-end investment funds)开放式基金:(open-end investment funds)私募基金:(private placement)风险投资基金:(venture funds)特别提款权:(special drawing right,SDR)国有化:(nationalization)6.存款货币银行货币兑换商:(money dealer)银行业:(banking)贴现率:(discount rate)职能分工型商业银行:(functional division commercial bank)全能型商业银行:(multi-function commercial bank)综合性商业银行:(comprehensive commercial bank)单元银行制度:(unit banking system)总分行制度:(branch banking system)代理行制度:(correspondent banking system)银行控股公司制度:(share holding banking system)连锁银行制度:(chains banking system)金融创新:(financial innovation)自动转账制度:(automatic transfer services,ATS)可转让支付命令账户:(negotiable order of withdrawal account,NOW)货币市场互助基金:(money market mutual fund,MMMF)货币市场存款账户:(money market deposit account,MMDA)不良债权:(bad claim)坏账:(bad loan)不良贷款:(non-performing loans,NPL)存款保险制度:(deposit insurance system)金融资本:(financial capital)7.中央银行中央银行:(central bank)一元式中央银行制度:(unit central bank system)二元式中央银行制度:(dual central bank system)复合中央银行制度:(compound central bank system)跨国中央银行制度:(multinational central bank system)发行的银行:(bank of issue)银行的银行:(bank of bank)最后贷款人:(lender of last resort)再贴现:(rediscount)在抵押:(recollateralize)国家的银行:(the state bank)8.金融市场金融市场:(financial market)证券化:(securitization)金融资产:(financial assets)金融工具:(financial instruments)金融产品:(financial products)衍生金融产品:(derivative financial products)原生金融产品:(underlying financial products)流动性:(liquidity)变现:(encashment)买卖差价:(bid-ask spread)做市商:(market marker)到期日:(due date)信用风险:(credit risk)市场风险:(market risk)名义收益率:(nominal yield)现时收益率:(current yield)平均收益率:(average yield)内在价值:(intrinsic value)直接融资:(direct finance)间接融资:(indirect finance)货币市场:(money market)资本市场:(capital market)现货市场:(spot market)期货市场:(futures market)机构投资人:(institutional investor)资信度:(credit standing)融通票据:(financial paper)银行承兑票据:(bank acceptance)贴现:(discount)大额存单:(certificates of desposit,CDs)回购:(counterpurchase)回购协议:(repurchase agreement)隔夜:(overnight)银行同业间拆借市场:(interbank market)合约:(contract)远期:(forward)期货:(futures)期权:(options)看涨期权:(call option)看跌期权:(put option)期权费:(option premium)互换:(swap)投资基金:(investment funds)契约型基金:(contractual type investment fund)单位型基金:(unit funds)基金型基金:(funding funds)公司型基金:(corporate type investment fund)投资管理公司:(investment management company)共同基金:(mutual fund)对冲基金:(hedge fund)风投基金:(venture fund)权益投资:(equity investment)收益基金:(income funds)增长基金:(growth funds)长期增长基金:(long-term growth funds)高增长基金:(go-go groeth funds)货币市场基金:(money market funds)养老基金:(pension fund)外汇市场:(foreign exchange market)风险资本:(venture capital)权益资本:(equity capital)私人权益资本市场:(private equity market)有限合伙制:(limited partnership)交易发起:(deal origination)筛选投资机会:(screening)评价:(evaluation)交易设计:(deal structure)投资后管理:(post-investment activities)创业板市场:(growth enterprise market,GEM)二板市场:(secondary board market)金融创新:(financial innovation)金融自由化:(financial liberalization)全球化:(globalization)离岸金融市场:(off-shore financial center)9.资本市场权益:(equity)剩余索取权:(residual claims)证券交易所:(stock exchange)交割:(delivery)过户:(transfer ownership)场外交易市场:(over the counter,OTC)金融债券:(financial bond)抵押债券:(mortgage bond)担保信托债券:(collateral trust bonds)信用债券:(trust bonds)次等信用债券:(subordinated debenture)担保债券:(guaranteed bonds)初级市场:(primary market)二级市场:(secondary market)公募:(public offering)私募:(private offering)有价证券:(security)面值:(face value)市值:(market value)股票价格指数:(share price index)有效市场假说:(effective market hypothesis)弱有效市场:(weak efficient market)中度有效市场:(semi-efficient market)强有效市场:(strong efficient market)股份公司:(stock certificate)股票:(stock certificate)股东:(stock holder)所有权:(ownership)经营权:(right of management)10.金融体系结构功能主义金融观:(perspective of financial function)金融体系格局:(pattern of financial system)激励:(incentive)公司治理:(corporate governance)路径依赖:(path dependency)市场主导型:(market-oriented type)银行主导型:(banking-oriented type)参与成本:(participative cost)影子银行体系:(the shadow banking system)11.金融基础设施金融基础设施:(financial infrastructures)支付清算系统:(payment and clearing system)跨境支付系统:(cross-border inter-bank payment system,CIPS)全额实时结算:(real time gross system)净额批量清算:(bulk transfer net system)大额资金转账系统:(whole sale funds transfer system)小额定时结算系统:(fixed time retail system)票据交换所:(clearing house)金融市场基础设施:(financial market infrastructures)中央交易对手:(central counterparties,CCPs)双边清算体系:(bilateral clearing system)系统重要性支付体系核心原则:(the core principles for systemically important payment system)证券清算体系建议:(the recommendations for central counterparties)中央交易对手建议:(the recommendations for central counterparties)金融业标准:(financial standards)盯市:(mark-to-market)公允价值:(fair value)金融部门评估规划:(financial sector assessment program)12.利率的决定作用可贷资金论:(loanable funds theory of interest)储蓄的利率弹性:(interest elasticity of saving)投资的利率弹性:(interest elasticity of investment)本金:(principal)回报率:(returns)基准利率:(benchmark interest rate)无风险利率:(risk-free interest rate)补偿:(compensation)风险溢价:(risk premium)实际利率:(real interest rate)名义利率:(nominal interest rate)固定利率:(fixed interest rate)浮动利率:(floating rate)官定利率:(official interest rate)行业利率:(trade-regulated rate)一般利率:(general interest rate)优惠利率:(preferential interest rate)贴息贷款:(loan of interest subsidy)年利率:(annual interest rate)月利率:(monthly interest rate)日利率:(daily interest rate)拆息:(call money interest)13.货币需求货币需求:(demand for money)货币数量论:(quantity theory of money)货币必要量:(volume of money needed)货币流通速度:(velocity of money)交易方程式:(equation of exchange)剑桥方程式:(equation of Cambridge)现金交易说:(cash transaction approach)现金余额说:(cash balance theory)货币需求动机:(motive of the demand for money)交易动机:(transaction motive)预防动机:(precautionary motive)投机动机:(speculative motive)流动性偏好:(liquidity preference)流动性陷阱:(liquidity trap)平方根法则:(square-root rule)货币主义:(monetarism)恒久性收入:(permanent income)机会成本变量:(opportunity cost variable)名义货币需求:(nominal demand for money)实际货币需求:(real demand for money)客户保证金:(customer’s security marign)金融资产选择:(portfolio selection)14.现代货币的创造机制纯流通费用:(pure circulation cost)原始存款:(primary deposit)派生存款:(derivative deposit)派生乘数:(withdrawal multiplier)现金损露:(loss of cashes)提现率:(withdrawal rate)创造乘数:(creation multiplier)现金:(currency)基础货币:(base money)高能货币:(high-power money)货币乘数:(money multiplier)铸币收入:(seigniorage revenue)15.货币供给货币供给:(money supply)准货币:(quasi money)名义货币供给:(nominal money supply)实际货币供给:(real money supply)股民保证金:(shareholder’s security margin)货币存量:(money stock)公开市场操作:(open-market operation)贴现政策:(discount policy)再贴现率:(rediscount rate)法定准备金率:(legal reserve ratio)财富效应:(wealth effect)预期报酬率变动效应:(effect of expected yields change)现金持有量:(currency holdings)超额准备金:(excess reserves)外生变量:(exogenous variable)内生变量:(endogenous variable)16.货币均衡均衡:(equilibrium)投资饥渴:(huger for investment)软预算约束:(soft budget constraint)总需求:(aggregate demand)总供给:(aggregate supply)面纱论:(money veil theory)流:(flow)余额:(stock)17.开放经济的均衡国际收支:(balance of payments)居民:(resident)非居民:(nonresident)国际收支平衡表:(statement for balance of payments)经常项目:(current account)资本和金融项目:(capital and financial account)储备资产:(reserve assets)净误差与遗漏:(net errors and missions)自主性交易:(autonomous transaction)调节性交易:(accommodating transaction)偿债率:(debt service ratio)顺差:(surplus)逆差:(deficit)最后清偿率:(last liquidation ratio)资本流动:(capital movements)项目融资:(project finance)外债:(external debt)资本外逃:(capital flight)冲销性操作:(sterilized operation)非冲销性操作:(unsterilized operation)债务率:(debt ratio)负债率:(liability ratio)差额:(balance)18.通货膨胀和通货紧缩通货膨胀:(inflation)恶性通货膨胀:(rampant inflation)爬行通货膨胀:(creeping inflation)温和通货膨胀:(moderate inflation)公开性通货膨胀:(open inflation)显性通货膨胀:(evident inflation)隐蔽性通货膨胀:(hidden inflation)输入型通货膨胀:(import of inflation)结构性通货膨胀:(structural inflation)通货膨胀率:(inflation rate)居民消费物价指数:(CPI)零售物价指数:(RPI)批发物价指数:(WPI)冲减指数:(deflator)需求拉上型通货膨胀:(demand-pull inflation)成本推动型通货膨胀:(cost-push inflation)工资-价格螺旋上升:(wage-price spiral)强制储蓄:(forced saving)收入分配效应:(distributional effect of income)财富分配效应:(distributional effect of wealth)滞胀:(stagflation)工资膨胀率:(wage inflation)紧缩性货币政策:(tight monetary policy)紧缩银根:(tight money)紧缩信贷:(tight squeeze)指数化:(indexation)通货紧缩:(deflation)19.货币政策货币政策:(monetary policy)金融政策:(financial policy)货币政策目标:(goal of monetary policy)通货膨胀目标制:(inflation targeting)逆风向原则:(principle of leaning against the wind)反周期货币政策:(counter cycle monetary policy)相机抉择:(discretionary)单一规则:(single rule)告示效应:(bulletin effects)直接信用控制:(direct credit)信用配额:(credit allocation)流动性比率:(liquidity ratio)间接信用控制:(indirect credit control)道义劝告:(moral suasion)窗口指导:(window guidence)信用贷款:(lending)传导机制:(conduction mechanism)中介指标:(intermediate target)信贷配给:(credit rationing)资产负债表渠道:(balance sheet channel)时滞:(time lag)预期:(expectation)透明度:(transparency)信任:(credibility)软着陆:(soft landing)20.货币政策与财政政策的配合赤字:(deficit)经常性收入:(current revenue)税:(tax)费:(fee)经常性支出:(current expenditure)资本性收入:(capital revenue)补助:(grant)资本性支出:(capital expenditure)账面赤字:(book deficit)隐蔽赤字:(hidden deficit)预算外:(off-budget)透支:(overdraft)净举债:(net fiancing)未清偿债券:(outstanding debt)或有债务:(contingent liability)准备货币:(reserve money)国债依存度:(public debt dependency)国债负担率:(public debt-to-GDP ratio)国债偿债率:(government debt-service ratio)财政政策:(fiscal policy)补偿性财政货币政策:(compensatory fiscal and monetary policy) 21.开放条件下的政策搭配与协调米德冲突:(Meade’s conflict)国际政策协调:(international policy coordination)信息交换:(information exchange)危机管理:(crisis management)避免共享目标变量的冲突:(avoiding conflicts over shared targets)合作确定中介目标:(cooperation intermediate targeting)部分协调:(full coordination)汇率目标区:(target zone of exchange rate)马歇尔-勒纳条件:(Marshall-Lerner condition)J曲线效应:(J curve effect)22.利率的风险结构与期限结构单利:(simple interest)复利:(compound interest)现值:(present value)终值:(future value)竞价拍卖:(open-outcry auction)贴现值:(present discount value)利率管制:(interest rate control)利率管理体制:(interest rate regulation system)存贷利差:(interest rate regulation system)利率风险结构:(risk structure of interest rates)违约风险:(default risk)利率期限结构:(term structure of interest rates)即期利率:(spot rate of interest)远期利率:(forward rate of interest)到期收益率:(yield to maturity)现金流:(cash floe)预期理论:(expectation theory)流动性理论:(liquidity theory)偏好理论:(preferred habitat theory)市场隔断理论:(market segmentation theory) 23.资产组合与资产定价市场风险:(market risk)信用风险:(credit risk)流动性风险:(liquidity risk)操作风险:(operational risk)法律风险:(legal risk)政策风险:(policy risk)道德风险:(moral hazard)主权风险:(sovereign risk)市场流动性风险:(product liquidity)现金流风险:(cash flow)执行风险:(execution risk)欺诈风险:(fraud risk)遵守与监管风险:(compliance and regulatory risk)资产组合理论:(portfolio theory)系统性风险:(systematic risk)非系统性风险:(nonsystematic risk)效益边界:(efficient frontier)价值评估:(evaluation)市盈率:(price-earning ratio)资产定价模型:(asset pricing model)资本资产定价模型:(capital asset pricing model,CAPM)无风险资产:(risk-free assets)市场组合:(market portfolio)多要素模型:(multifactorCAPM)套利定价理论:(arbitrage pricing theory,APT)期权加价:(option premium)内在价值:(intrinsic value)时间价值:(time value)执行价格:(strike price)看涨期权:(call option)看跌期权:(put option)对冲型的资产组合:(hedge portfolios)套利:(arbitrage)无套利均衡:(no-arbitrage equilibrium)均衡价格:(equilibrium price)多头:(long position)空头:(short position)动态复制:(dynamic replication)头寸:(position)风险偏好:(risk preference)风险中性:(risk neutral)风险厌恶:(risk averse)风险中性定价:(risk-netural pricing)24.商业银行业务与管理银行负责业务:(liability business)存款:(deposit)活期存款:(demand deposit)支票存款:(check deposit)透支:(overdraft)定期存款:(time deposit)再贴现:(rediscount)金融债券:(financial bond)抵押贷款:(mortgage loan)信用贷款:(credit loan)通知贷款:(demand loan)真实票据论:(real bill doctrine)商业贷款理论:(commercial loan theory)证券投资:(portfolio investment)中间业务:(middleman business)表外业务:(off-balance sheet business)无风险业务:(risk-free business)汇款:(remittance)信用证:(letter of credit)商品信用证:(commercial letter of credit)代收业务:(business of collection)代客买卖业务:(business of commission)承兑网络银行:(internet bank)虚拟银行:(virtual bank)企业对个人:(B2C)企业对企业:(B2B)挤兑:(bank runs)资产管理:(assets management)自偿性:(self-liquidation)可转换性理论:(convertibility theory)预期收入理论:(anticipated income theory)负债管理:(liability management)资产负债综合管理:(comprehensive management of assets and liability)风险管理:(risk management)在险价值:(value at risk,VAR)25.货币经济与实际经济两分法:(dichotomy)实际经济:(real economy)货币经济:(monetary economy)虚拟资本:(monetary capital)泡沫经济:(bubble economy)虚拟经济:(virtual economy)货币中性:(neutrality of money)相对价格:(relative price)货币面纱:(monetary veil)瓦尔拉斯均衡:(Walras equilibrium)一般均衡理论:(theory of general equilibrium)超中性:(super-neutrality)26.金融发展与经济增长金融发展:(financial development)金融自由化:(financial liberalization)金融深化:(financial deepening)金融压抑:(financial repression)金融机构化:(financial institutionalization)分层比率:(gradation ratio)金融相关率:(financial interrelation ratio,FIR)货币化率:(monetarization ratio)脱媒:(distintermediation)导管效应:(tube effect)27.金融脆弱性与金融危机金融脆弱性:(financial fragility)金融风险:(financial risk)长周期:(long cycles)安全边界:(margins of safety)汇率超调理论:(theory of exchange rate over shooting)金融危机:(financial crises)资产管理公司:(asset management corporation,AMC)金融恐慌:(financial panic)优先/次级抵押贷款债券:(senior/subordinate structure) 28.金融监管金融监管:(financial regulation)公共选择:(public choice)最低资本要求:(minimum capital requirements)监管当局的监管:(supervisory review process)市场纪律:(market discipline)宏观审慎框架:(macro-prudential framework)分行:(branch)子行:(subsidiary)并表监管:(consolidated supervision)。
仪表类专业专用词汇中英文对照
仪表类专业专用词汇中英文对照Aa n.安培A/D converter 模数转换器absolute adj.绝对的absolute value 绝对值abort v.放弃about adv.附近；大约；左右；周围prep.在附近；关于；在...周围above prep.在…..之上accept vt.接受；认可access n.通路；访问；进入v.存取；接近ACCESS LEVEL ERROR 访问级别错误accessibility adj.可及性；可达到的accessories n.附件accessory n.附件；零件；附加物accumulate v.累积；堆积accumulator n.累加器accuracy n.精确度acetylene n.乙炔（C2H2）acid n.酸ACK 确认acquisition n.采集action n.动作active adj.激活的；有源的actuator n.驱动器；执行机构adapt vt.适应；改编；匹配adapter n.适配器add n.增加adder n.加法器additional n.附加adj.附属的, 补充的address n.地址adjust vt.调整administrator n.管理员admissible adj.可容许的advanced adj.先进的；高级的ADVSP（Advisor SP）建议设定值AI（analog input）模拟量输入aided adj.辅助的air n.空气alarm n.报警ALENBST（Alarm Enable State）报警许可状态algorithm n.算法align v.排列；使成一行allow vt.允许ALM ANNC 报警器ALM SUMM 报警汇总aluminum oxide n.氧化铝AM（Application Module）应用模块Ambient adj.周围的；n.周围环境AMP DAMPING 阻尼时间常数AMP TEMP 放大器温度A-MC（Advanced Multifunction Controller）高级多功能控制器amperemeter n.电流表amplifier n.放大器amplitude n.振幅analog adj.模拟的；模拟量analogue n.相似物；类似情况analysis n.分析analyzer n.分析器and n.与门angle n.角annunciator n.信号器；报警器another prep.又一个；另外AO（analog output）模拟量输出APM（Advanced Process Manager）先进过程管理器appearance n.出现；露面；外貌；外观apply vt.应用；申请application n.应用；应用程序；应用软件approach n.方法；途径appropriate adj.适当的Apr.(April) n.四月archive vt.归档area n.区域armoured adj.铠装的arrange v.安排；排列artificial adj.人工的ascending adj.上升的；向上的assembly n.集合；装配；集会；集结；汇编assign vt.分配；赋值assignment n.分配ASSOC DISP 相关画面asymmetry potential 不对称电位asymptotic adj.渐进的at prep.在；于atmospheric adj.大气的attach vt.缚上；系上；贴上attempt n.；vt.尝试；企图attitude n.态度；姿态attractor n.吸引子attribute n.属性Aug.(August) n.八月auto n.自动AUTO LRV 自动设置测量下限值AUTO HRV 自动设置测量上限值automatic adj.自动的automatically adv.自动地；机械地AUTO SET 自动设置AUX SET1 辅助设置Auxiliary Amplifier 辅助放大器available adj.可用到的；可利用的；有用的v.配属；隶属于Bbackflushvalve 反吹阀backgroud n.背景backplane n.底板backtrack vt.回溯backward adj.向后bad adj.坏的BADCTLFL（Bad Control Flag）无效控制标志BADPVPR（Bad PV Priority）坏PV值报警优先级balance n.；v.平衡ball n.球band n.区bargraph n.棒图barrier n.栏栅；障栅base n.基座；库；基本baseline n.基线basic n.基本；基本battery n.电池BC（Basic Controller）基本控制器below adj.下面的benchmark n.基准；标准benefit n.益处；效益；收益best adj.最好的between prep.之间bias n.偏离；偏差bicycle pump 气缸BIDIRE MODE 双向流体测量bilinear adj.双线性的binary adj.二进制的；二元的bit n.位black adj.黑色的blind adj.盲目；瞎blinking adj.闪光的blue adj.蓝色的board n.板body n.身体；本体boiler n.汽锅；锅炉bottom n.底端；末端；尽头box n.盒子；箱子brain n.大脑braking vt.制动bridge n.桥budget n.预算buffer n.缓冲器build vt.建立BURN OUT CPU异常时输出状态bus n.总线button n.按钮butylene n.丁烯buzzer n.蜂鸣器by adv.通过bypass n.旁路byte n.字节Ccabinet n.柜cable n.电缆cable gland n.电缆管calculate v.计算calibrate vt.校验；校准calibration n.校验；标准；刻度calibration solution 校验溶液cancel vt.取消capillary n.毛细管CAPSULE 膜盒温度card n.卡件carrier gas 载气CAS 串级cascade n.串联case n.机壳；盒；箱；外壳；箱；套CASREQ （Cascade Request）串级请求category n.种类；范畴caution n.小心；谨慎；警告cell n.小室；电池；单元；传感器center n.中心centrality n.集中性；中心centrifugal adj.离心的certain adj.确定的CG（Computer Gateway）计算机门路chain n.链change vt.改变；变化channel n.通道characteristic n.特性；特征charge vt.充电；充气chart n.图表chassis n.底板（机架）check vt.检查checking n.校验chemical n.化学；化工choice vt.选择chopper n.斩光器chopper n.断路器chromatogram n.谱图CIDSTN (Control Input Destination) 控制输入目标circuit board n.电路板CISRC (Control Input Source) 控制输入源clamp vt.钳制classical adj.经典的；典型的；标准的clear(CLR) vt.清除click vt.点击clip n.夹子clock n.时钟clockwise(cw)adj.顺时针方向的adj.不变的, 持续的adv. 顺时针方向地close v.关闭CM（Computing Module）计算模块code n.代码；编码CODSTN (Control Output Destination) 控制输入目标参数coefficient n.系数coil n.线圈collection n.采集；收集color n.颜色column n.色谱柱；圆柱column switching valve 柱切阀combine v.(使)联合；(使)结合command n.按钮；指令common adj.共同的；公共的；公有的communication n.通讯compare v.比较；对比compartment n.间隔间compatibility n.相容性；兼容性compensation n.补偿complete adj.完全；vt.完成complex adj.复杂的compliance n.柔顺；顺序component n.组分；adj.组成的composite adj.合成的；混合的；n.合成物composite control n.组合控制composition n.组成；组件compound adj.复合compressor n.压缩机computation n.计算；估计computer n.电脑；计算机concentration n.浓度condensate n.冷凝物condition n.条件；状态confidence n.置信度configuration n.组态；配置connection n.连接；关系；接线；线路connectivity n.连结性consistency n.一致性console n.控制台；操作台constant n.常数；恒量；adj.不变的consumption n.消耗；消耗量contact n.；vt.接触；触点content n.内容；目录CONTCUT （Contact Cut Out）报警接点取消control n.；vt.控制control valve 调节阀controller n.控制器；调节器conversion n.转换convert vt.使转变；转换converter n.转换器；交流器；转换器copy n.；vt.拷贝core n.芯corrdinator n.协调器correct adj.正确的correspond vi.符合；协调；通信；相应cost n.成本；花费counter n.计数器；计算器counterclockwise(ccw) adj.逆时针方向的coupled adj.耦合的courseware n.课件CPC（Critical Process Controller）关键过程控制器criterion n.准则CTLACTN( Control Action) 控制作用方向CTLALGID(ControlAlgorithm Identify)控制算法标志名CTLEQN(Control Equation) 控制方程cubicle n.柜；机柜current n.电流adj.当前的, 通用的cursor n.光标；指针customer n.客户；用户CV(Calculation Value) 计算值cycle n.周期；环vt.警告Ddamage n.损害；伤害v. 招致损害damp n.阻尼damper n.阻尼器；风门；节气阀DAMPING一阶滤波时间常数data n.数据database n.数据库date n.日期DCS（Distribution Control System）分散控制系统dead adj.死亡deadband 死区Dec.(December) n.十二月decentrality n.分散性decentralizationn.分散化decimal adj.十进制的；小数的decision n.决策decomposition n.分解DECONF(Digitally Enhanced Configuration Mode) 数字式增强组态模式Decouplingn.解耦(装置)decrease n.；v.减少de-energize adj.非励磁的default n.缺省(值)；默认（值）define vt.定义；详细说明degree n.度delay n.延时；延迟delay relay 延时继电器delete vt.删除demo n.演示density n.密度depth n.深度derivative adj.推导出的description n.描写；形容；种类；描述descriptor n.描述符design vt.设计desired adj.希望的desktop n.桌面destination n.目标；目标文件destination n.目标detail n.细节；详细detailed adj.详细的detection n.检测detector n.检测器determination n.确定develop vt.发展；开发deviation n.偏差device n.装置device n.设备dew point n.露点DHP（Date Hiway Port）数据高速通道端口DI（digital input）数字量输入diagnostics n.诊断diagram n.图表dialog box 对话框diameter n.直径diaphragm n.隔膜；膜片dielectric n.电介质；绝缘体adj.非传导性的differential n.微分differentiate v.区分digital adj.数字的dimension n.尺寸direct adj.直接的；vt.指导；管理；支配disable adj.禁止的；未授权的；失效的disconnect v.拆开；分离；断开discontinuous adj.不连续的discrete adj.离散的discriminant n.判别式disorder n.无序DISP LRV 设置测量范围下限DISP SELECT 指示计显示选择DISP UNIT 工程单位显示设置DISP URV 设置测量范围上限display vt.陈列；展览；显示distribution adj.分散的distributor n.配电盘；分配器disturbance n.打扰；扰动diversity n.多样性divisibility n.可分性division n.分离DO（digital output）数字量输出Documentary adj.文件的documentation n.文件编制domain n.域double adj.双重的；两倍的double adj.两倍的；双的double word 双字download vt.下装drag vt.拖drain vt.排放drift n.漂移drive n.；vt.驱动driver n.驱动器；驱动程序dual adj.对偶的；双重的during prep.在...的期间dynamic adj.动态的；动力的dynamical adj.动力学dynamo n.发电机Eearth n.接地EC（Exterded Controller）扩展控制器editor n.编辑器；编辑effectiveness n.有效eight num.八electric circuit 电路electric adj.电气；电的electrode n.电极electromagnetic adj.电磁的electronic adj.电子的element n.元件；元素；成分effect n.结果；效果；作用；影响effective adj.有效的；被实施的effective amplitude 有效振幅emergency n.紧急情况；紧急事件EMERGENCYSHUTDOWN 紧急停车emulate n.模拟；仿真emulator n.模拟器enable vt.允许；授权enclosure n.围住, 围栏end n.；vt.结束energize vt.励磁engine n.发动机engineer n.工程师engineering n.工程ENGR OUTPUT 工程单位输出enhance vt.增强ensure v.确保；确保；保证enter n.；vt.输入；回车envelope n.密封environment n.环境equation n.方程equilibrium n.均衡equipment n.设备error n.错误；误差ERROR OUT 硬件异常时输出状态estimate n.；vt.估计ethane n.乙烷（C2H6）ethene n.乙烯（C2H4）ethylene n.乙烯EUDESC Enginerring Unit Descriptor工程单位描述evaluation n.评价；赋值example n.例子exchange n.交换机excite vt.励磁exclusive OR 异非门execute vt.执行expand vt.扩展expected adj.希望的；预期的experiment n.实验expert n.专家；能手explanation n.解释explosion n.爆炸explorer n.浏览器export vt.导出expression n.表达式；符号EXT ZERO ADJ 外部调零许可extend vt.扩展external adj.；n.外部的；外部extraction n.抽取；提取；摘要；开方（法）Ffaceplate n.面板factor n.因数；因子factory n.工厂failsafe n.故障保护failure n.故障fall n.；vt.失败；落下；下降false adj.假的fan n.风扇fault n.故障feasibility n.可行性feature n.特征Feb.(February) n.二月feed vt.进料；进feedback n.反馈feedforward n.前馈FID detector 氢焰检测器field n.现场；区域fieldbus n.现场总线filter n.过滤器filtering n.滤波finally adv.最终；最后first n.第一；首先fitting nut n.装配螺母；安装螺母five num.五fix vt.使固定；装置；修理；安装flag n.标志flame arrester n.阻火器flameproof adj.防火的flange n.法兰flash vt.闪光；闪烁floating-point n.浮点float levelmeter n.浮子液位计flow rate 流量flow n.流量；流程；vt.流动flowmeter n.流量计flue gas n.燃料气fluid n.流体；流质adj.流体的；液体的fluid level 液位focus n.焦点folder n.文件夹font n.字体；字型；容器force n.力量；力forecast n.；vt.预测form n.形式format n.格式；形式；vt.格式化forward adj.向前的four num.四framework n.框架frequency n.频率；变频Fri.(Friday) n.星期五front n.前面；面队front panel n.前面板full adj.全部；全的；满的function n.功能；函数function block 功能块furnace n.炉子, 熔炉fuse n.保险；保险丝fuzzy adj.模糊的Ggain n.增益GAINOPT (Gain Option) 增益选择game n.对策gas n.气体gas chromatograph 气相色谱仪gasket n.垫圈, 衬垫gate n.门；闸gate lamp 门灯gateway n.门路gear n.设备；齿轮；调整；传动装置general n.概要；adj.大体的；一般的generalized adj.广义generation n.生成；产生geometric adj.几何的gimbaled n.框架glass electrode 玻璃电极global adj整体的；全局的GPCI（General Purpose Computer Interface）通用计算机接口graph n.图表；曲线gray adj.灰色的green adj.绿色ground n.；vt.地；接地group n.组guide n.指南HH/L SW AP 引压方向halt vt.暂停；停止handle vt.处理；操作hardware n.硬件harmonious adj.和谐的；协调的heat v.加热heater n.加热器help n.帮助hexadecimal n.十六进制；adj.十六进制的HG（Hiway Gateway）高速通道门路HID（Hiway Traffic Director）高速通道交通指挥hierarchical adj.分等级的；层次的；递阶的high n.；adj.高；高的HIGH RANGE 上限HIM（Hiway Traffic Director）高速通道接口模件history n.历史hiway n.高速通道HLPIU（High Level Process Interface Unit）高电平过程接口单元HM（History Module）历史模件hold n.；vt.保持holder n.保持器horizontal adj.地平线的；水平的horn n.蜂鸣器hour n.小时HOUR A VG 小时平均值HRV 上限值hybrid adj.混合的hydraulic adj液动的hydrogen n.氢气hydrogen flame 氢火焰hygrometer n.湿度计Iicon n.图标identify vt.识别；鉴定identical adj.同一的, 同样的idol n.空ignitor n.点火器image n.；vt.图像；映像；映射important adj.重要的impulse n.冲量；脉冲；冲激in adv.进入入口inactive adj.不活跃的；没有激活；死点inch n.英寸incorrect adj.错误的increase vt.增加incremental adj.增加的independent adj.独立的；不受约束的index n.指数indication n.指示indicator n.指示器；指示仪indirect adj.间接的individually adv.个别地inductive adj.电感式的industrial n.工业的industry n.工业；产业inertial adj.惯性的inference n.推理；推理information n.信息inherent adj.固有的；内在的inhibit n.禁止initialization n.初始化；设定初始值initial value 初始值inlet n.入口inner adj.内部的；里面的n.内部INPTDIR (Input Direct) 输入信号作用方向input n.；v.输入insert vt.插入inside adj.内部的；内径instability n.不稳定性install vt.安装installation n.安装；装置instruction n.指令instrument n.仪表；仪器；工具instrument air 仪表风integer n.整数integral n.积分；adj.积分的；完整的integration n.综合integrity n.整体性；完整性intelligence n.智力；智能intelligent adj.智能的intensity n.强烈；剧烈；强度；亮度interaction n.关联；互联；交互interface n.接口；界面interfere n.干涉；干扰interlock n.联锁intermittent adj.断续的；间歇的internal adj.内部的interrupt vt.；n.中断interval n.间隔；时间间隔intrinsical adj.本质的；固有的；内在的invalid adj.无效的invoke vt.调用ion collector 离子收集器IOP 输入开路IS 本安isolate vt.使隔离；使孤立；使绝缘isolation n.隔离item n.项目；条款JJan.(January) n.一月jet n.喷射口jet pipe 喷嘴JOURNAL n.日志Jul.(July) n.七月jump vt.跳变jumper field n.跨接线排Jun.(June) n.六月junction n.连接；接合junction box 接线箱KK (Overall Gain) PID算法的增益key n.键；adj.关键的keep vt.保持keyboard n.键盘keypad n.键区KEYWORD n.关键字knowledge n.知识Lladder n.梯形图lag n.滞后lamp n.灯language n.语言large adj.大的last n.最后；adj.最后的；最近的LASTPV最后一次PV值latching n.闭塞；闭锁；关闭law n.规律LCN（Local ControlNetwork）局部控制网络lead n.超前；导线leadwrie n.导线leakage n.泄漏learning n.学习least adj.最小的left adj.左边legend n.图例lengh n.长度LEPIU（Low Energy Process Interface Unit）低能量过程接口单元level n.级别；电平；液位levelmeter n.物位计；液位计limit n.限制；限度linear n.线性linearization n.线性化link vt.连接liquid n.液体liquid level 液位list n.明细表；表；列表；菜单LLPIU（Low Level Process Interface Unit）低电平过程接口单元LM（Logic Manager）逻辑管理器load vt.装载；n.负载loading n.下载、下装local adj.本地的；局部；就地lock vt.上锁locus n.轨迹LOCUTOFF(Low Cut Off) 低值切除log n.对数；日志；vt.登陆LOG n.报表logic n.逻辑logoff vt.断线；退出系统logon vt.登陆loop n.回路low adj低的；低值的lowcut n.低截止值LOW CUT MODE 低截止模式lower n.下限；低LOW RANGE 实测下限LRL(Low Range Limit) 测量范围低限LRV（lower range value）下限值(显示值) lumped adj.集总的；集中的Mmachine n.机器magnetic n.磁；磁场magnitude n.幅度；幅值main adj.主要的maintainability n.可维护性maintenance n.维护major adj.主要的man n.手动management n.管理manager n.管理器manipulate vt.操作manual adj.手动的；n.手册many adj.很多Mar.(March) n.三月margin n.裕度；裕量mark n.标志；vt.作记号mask n.假象mass n.质量mass spcetrometer 质谱仪master adj.主的mathematical adj.数学的；精确的matrix n.矩阵MAX STAT. P 最大静压maximum n.最大量；adj.最大的May(May) n.五月MC（Multifunction Controller）多功能控制器mean vt.意味measure vt.测量；n.尺寸；测量；方法media n.媒体memory n.内存；记忆；存储器menu n.菜单message n.消息；信息meter n.仪表；米metering tube 定量管methane n.甲烷（CH4）methane converter 甲烷转化器method n.方式表；方式；方法methyl acetylene 甲基乙炔MIN SPAN 最小量程minimal adj.最小的minimum n.最小值；最小化；adj.最小的minus adj.负的；减的minute n.分钟mismatch adj.不匹配的mistake n.错误mobile adj.移动的modal adj.形式的；模式的MODATTR（Mode Attribute）操作方式属性mode n.方式；模式model NO. 型号model n.型号；模型MODEM 调制解调器modifiability n.可修改性modification n.修改；修正MODNUM（Module Number）UCN模件号modulate vt.调整, 调节, (信号)调制modulator n.调制器；调幅器module n.模块Mon（Monday）n.星期一monitor vt.监视；监控；n.监视器motion n.动作motion n.运动motor n.电机mount vt.装配；安装mouse n.鼠标movement n.运动MSG CLEAR 报警信息清除MSG CONFM 报警信息确认multifunction n.多功能multiloop n.多回路multimeter n.万用表multiple adj.多重的；倍数的multiway adj.多路(的)；多向(的)Nnegative adj.负的；阴极的network n.网络next n.下一个NIM（Network Interface Module）网络接口模件nine num.九NMODATTR (Normal Mode Attribute) 正常操作方式属性NMODE (Normal Mode) 正常操作方式NO.（number）n.号码；编号NOCINPTS (Number Of Control Input Points) Points 输入个数NOCOPTS (Number Of Control Output Points) Pints 输出个数node n.节点NODENUM （Node Number）UCN 节点号NODETYP (Mode Type) UCN节点类型noise n.噪声non-energize adj.非励磁的nonlinear adj.非线性non-retentive adj.非保持的normal（NR）adj.正常的；正规的；标准的not adv.不；n.非门notice n.通知；布告；注意Nov.(November) n.十一月now n.；adv.现在NTWKNUM (Network Number) UCN网络号null n.零；无效number n.数量；号numerical adj.数值的numerical fault 数值误差Oobject n.目标；对象objective n.目标；adj.客观的occurrence n.发生；出现；事件Oct.(October) n.十月odd adj.奇数的；单数的off adj.关的offline adj.脱机的；离线的offset n.偏差；补偿offuser n.操作工often adv.经常oil n.油；油类on adj.开的one num.一online n.联机；在线式only adv.仅仅；只OOP 输出开路open vt.打开open circuit 断路operate vt.操作operating n.操作；运行operation n.操作；实施；作用operator n.操作员OPFINAL (Output Finally) 最终输出值optimal adj.最优的；最佳的optimum n.；adj.最优的；最适宜的option n.选项optional adj.可选择的；随意的or n.或门；conj.或者orbit n.轨道；轨迹order n.有序；次序；命令ORGANIZATIONAL adj组态的orientation n.定向orifice n.孔板out vi.外出,出去out of 在…范围外outlet n.出口output(OP) n.输出OUTPUT MODE 输出/显示方式outside adj.外面的；外部的out-time 超时oven n.炉子over adv结束；prep.在… 之上；超过overflow n.超值；溢出overload n.；vt.超载override n.超弛overshoot n.超调量overview n.概览；总貌画面overwrite vt.覆盖oxygen n.氧气Ppanel n.仪表板；面板parameter n.参数parallel adj.并行的part n.部分；局部；零件；角色vt.分开；分离；分配vi.分开；断裂；分手adv.部分地；有几分adj.部分的；局部的part assembly drawing 零件装配图part drawing 零件图part finished product 半成品part number n.零件号码part requirement card 零件规格卡片part sectioned view 局部剖视图partial adj.部分的；局部的partial pressure 分压pass vt.通过passive adj.无源地password n.密码past adj.过去地paste n.粘贴path n.通路；路径pattern n.模式pause n.暂停；休止符PC(Personal Computer) 个人计算机PCDM（Personal Computer Data Manager）个人计算机数据管理器PCIM（Personal Computer Interface Module）个人计算机接口模件PCSI（Personal Computer Serial Interface）个人计算机串行接口peak n.峰peer-to-peer 点对点per prep.每percent n.百分数performance n.性能；执行period n.周期periodically adv.周期地personal adj.个人的phase n.相位physically adv.物理地picture n.画；图画；描述；vt.画；描绘pipe n.管道PLC（programmable logical controller）可编程逻辑控制器PLCG（Programmable Logic Controller Gateway）可编程逻辑控制器门路plan n.计划platform n.惯性；平台PM（Process Manager）过程管理器pneumatic adj.气动的pneumatically operated valve 气动阀PNTFORM (Point Form) 点形式PNTMODTY (Point Module Type) 点所在模件类型PNTTYPE (Point Node Type) 点所在UCN节点类型point n.点polarizer n.极化器pole n.杆；极点port n.端口pose n.姿势；位姿positioner n.定位器positioning n.定位positive adj.正的；阳的possible adj.可能的power n.电源；动力pre- 事先的prediction n.预测；预估preset vt.预先设定press vt.按；压press regulator 压力调节器PRESS UNIT 差压单位pressure n.压力pressure gauge 压力表prevent v.防止；预防preview vt.预览principle n.原理print n.；vt.打印PRIOR DISP 前次画面显示priority n.先；前；优先；优先级privilege n.特权probe n.探头problem n.问题proceed vi.进行；继续下去process n.过程；vt.处理processor n.处理器profit n.利润program n.程序；vi.编程programmable adj.可编程的project n.工程；项目propadiene n.丙二烯propane n.丙烷（C3H8）property n.属性proportion n.比例propylene n.丙烯（C3H6）protect vt.保护protocol n.协议PTDESC (Point Descriptor) 点描述PTEXECST (Point Execute Status) 点执行状态PTINAL (Point in Alarm) 点处于报警状态pulse n.脉冲pump n.泵purge vt.吹扫purpose n.目的；目标PV（process variable）过程变量PV ALDB (PV Alarm Deadband) PV报警死区PV ALDBEU (Pv Alarm Dead Band In PV) PV报警死区工程单位PV AUTO PV自动PVCALC (PV Calculate) PV计算值PVCHAR(PV Characterization) PV特性PVCLAMP (PV Clamp)PV钳制PVEUHI （PV Eu High）PV工程单位上限PVEULO （PV EU Low）PV工程单位下限PVEXEUHI (PV Extend EU High) PV工程单位扩展上限PVEXEULO (PV Extend EU Low) PV工程单位扩展下限PVFORMAT (PV Format) PV显示格式PVHHTP (PV High high Tip) PV高高值报警限PVHITP (PV High Tip) PV高值报警限PVLOTP (PV Low Tip) PV低值报警限PVLLTP (PV Low Tip) PV低低值报警限PVP (PV in percent) PV的百分比值PVRV (PV Raw Value) PV原值PVSOURCE (PV Source) PV源PVSRCOPT (PV Source Option) PV源选择PVSTS (Status Of PV) PV状态PVTEMP (PV Temperature Scale) PV的温度特性PVTRACK (PV Track)PV跟踪PVTV (PV Target Value) PV目标值QQ band Q波段Q meter 品质因数表Q switch 光量开关quality n.质量quenchoil n.急冷油quenchwater n.急冷水quickview vt.快速查看quit vt.离开；放弃；解除；停止Rrack n.机架radiation n.辐射rail n.导轨random adj.随机的range n.量程；范围rate n.比率；速率ratio n.比值raw adj.原生的reaction n.反应read vt.读read-only 只读ready adj.准备完毕的；现成的realization n.实现real-time 实时的reason n.原因；推理receive vt.收到；接收receptacle n.插座recognition n.识别recommend vt.推荐；介绍record n.；vt.记录recorder n.记录仪recorder output 记录仪输出red adj.红色redundancy n.冗余redundant adj.冗余的refer vt.提交；谈及reference n.参考refresh v.更新；恢复region n.域register n.寄存器regulate vt.调节；控制；校准regulation n.调节regulator n.调节器relative adj相对的；有关系的relay n.中继；继电器release vt.释放remain vi.保持；残留remote adj.远程的；远传的removable adj.可移动remove vt.移动repair vt.修理replace vt.替换report n.报告request n.；vt.请求reset vt.复位resident n.；adj.驻留；驻留的resistance n.电阻；阻抗resource n.资源respond v.响应；反应response n.响应restricted adj.受限制的；有限的restriction orifice 节流孔板restrictor n.气阻；电阻result n.结果retain vt.保持retention time 保留时间retentive adj.保持的retrieval n.检索；恢复retry v.再试；重试REV OUTPUT 输出反向reverse adj.相反的；反向的review vt.复查right adj.右的risk n.风险robot n.机器人robust n.鲁棒rotameter n.浮子流量计；转子流量计rotor n.转子rule n.规则run n.；vt.运行rung n.阶梯Ssafe adj.安全的safety n.安全；保险装置safety barrier 安全栅same adj.相同的sample n.例子；vt.取样；采样sampling valve 取样阀sampling n.采样Sat.(Saturday) n.星期六saturation n.饱和save v.保存；存储scale n.规模；范围scan vt.浏览；扫描SCHEM ab.流程图schematic n.流程图science n.科学screen n.屏幕scroll n.滚动search vt.搜索；寻找seat n.座second（sec）n.秒；第二secondly adv.第二；其次section n.部分；部件；区；截面SECV AR (Secondary Variable) 次变量。
完整版)经济学专业词汇中英文对照
完整版)经济学专业词汇中英文对照XXX and ChineseAAccounting - 会计Accounting cost - 会计成本Accounting profit - 会计利润Adverse n - 逆向选择n - 配置n of resources - 资源配置Allocative efficiency - 配置效率Antitrust n - 反托拉斯法Arc elasticity - 弧弹性n - 假设Asymmetric n - 非对称性信息Average - 平均Average cost - 平均成本Average cost pricing - 平均成本定价法Average fixed cost - 平均固定成本Average product of capital - 资本平均产量Average product of labour - 劳动平均产量Average revenue - 平均收益Average total cost - 平均总成本Average variable cost - 平均可变成本BBarriers to entry - 进入壁垒Base year - 基年XXX - 双边垄断Benefit - 收益Black market - 黑市Bliss point - 极乐点Boundary point - 边界点Break even point - 收支相抵点Budget - 预算Budget constraint - 预算约束Budget line - 预算线Budget set - 预算集CCapital - 资本Capital stock - 资本存量Capital output。
- 资本产出比率Capitalism - 资本主义XXX - 基数效用论Cartel - XXXCeteris paribus n - “其他条件不变”的假设Ceteris paribus demand curve - “其他因素不变”的需求曲线Chamberlain model - XXX模型Change in demand - 需求变化XXX - 需求量变化XXX - 供给量变化Change in supply - 供给变化Choice refers to the act of XXX。
专业术语中英文对照
组装、冲压(stamping)、喷漆(painting)、成型（mold）等专业词汇Layout布置图Assembly line组装线Conveyer流水线物料板Screw driver起子Electric screw driver电动起子Pneumatic screw driver气动起子spare parts=buffer备品OOBA开箱检查pallet栈板carton纸箱lbs.inch镑、英寸bezel panel面板chassis |'∫æsi| 基座fasten锁紧(螺丝) fixture 夹具(治具) ram连杆sub-line支线barcode条形码barcode scanner条形码扫描仪operator作业员epair修理cutedges=side cut=side scrap切边Hi-pot test of SPS高源高压测试Voltage switch of SPS电源电压接柆键resistance电阻Chromate铬酸处理Anodize阳性处理EMI gasket导电条power button电源按键reset button重置键work cell工作间cleaning cloth（rag）抹布trolley台车left fork叉车sheet metal parts 冲件plastic parts塑料件检查cosmetic inspect外观检查inner parts inspect内部检查thumb screw大头螺丝钉be put in storage入库pack packing包装to apply oil擦油excessive defects过多的缺陷critical defect极严重缺陷major defect主要缺陷minor defect次要缺陷size is a little bigger尺寸偏大(小) reverse angle = chamfer倒角augular offset角度偏差final inspection终检to connect material接料deficient purchase来料不良defective product label不良标签bolt螺栓spring 弹簧manufacture procedure制程deficient manufacturing procedure制程不良stamping-missing漏冲defective upsiding down抽芽不良defective to staking铆合不良bending折弯cosmetic defect外观不良rust生锈speckle斑点filings 铁削slippery screw head螺丝滑头mildewed=moldy=mouldy发霉deformation变形burr(金属)flash(塑件)毛边to file burr 锉毛刺excesssive gap间隙过大oxidation 氧化scratch划伤dents压痕abrasion 磨损grease/oil stains油污painting peel off脏污shrinking/shrinkage缩水inclusion杂质mixed color杂色painting make-up补漆discoloration变色lack of painting烤漆不到位water spots水渍concave凸convex凹blinster气泡nick缺口shine亮班delamination起鳞satin texture段面咬花gouge沟槽;凿槽poor incoming part事件不良fold of pakaging belt打包带折皱disposed products处理品polishing/surface processing表面处理exposed metal/bare metal金属裸露abnormal handling异常处理to pull, to stretch拉伸Line streching, line pulling线拉伸waste materials废料to stock, storage, in stock库存scraped |'skræpid|报废casing=containerazation装箱feeding is not in place送料不到位liaison联络单good product/accepted goods/ accepted parts/good parts良品defective product/non-good parts不良品to return delivenry to. to send delinery back to retrn of goods退货sample样品description品名revision版次part number/P/N料号raw materials原料cause analysis原因分析easily damaged parts易损件finished product成品semi-finished product半成品consume, consumption消耗packing materials包材warehouse/hub仓库baffle plate挡块cover plate盖板capability能力parameter参数factor系数volatile挥发性demand and supply需求registration登记statistics统计education and training教育与训练proposal improvement提案改善failure, trouble故障application form for purchase请购单to collect, to gather收集engraving, to engrave刻印file folder资料夹meeting minutes会议记录to put file in order整理资料material statistics sheet 物料统计明细表material check list物料检查表distribution department分发单位location地点radius半径engineering工程equipment设备enterprise plan = enterprise expansion projects企划5S: classification整理regulation整顿cleanness清扫conservation清洁culture教养feeder送料机taker取料机sliding rack滑料架die change 换模to fix a die装模to take apart a die拆模to repair a die修模packing material包材plastic basket胶筐basket蝴蝶竺isolating plate baffle plate; barricade隔板to pull and stretch拉深to impose lines压线to put material in place, to cut material, to input落料to compress, compressing压缩character die字模to feed, feeding送料transportation运输feature change 特性变更evaluation评估material change, stock change材料变更prepare for 准备parameters参数rotating speed, revolution转速production unit生产单位lots of production生产批量manufacture management制造管理steel plate钢板roll material卷料automation自动化manufacture procedure制程operation procedure作业流程to stake, staking, reviting铆合add lubricating oil加润滑油冲压常词汇stamping, press冲压punch press, dieing out press冲床uncoiler & strainghtener整平机rack, shelf, stack料架cylinder油缸robot机械手conveyer belt输送带transmission rack输送架to continue, cont.连动to grip(material)吸料location lump, block stop 定位块smoothly顺利approval examine and verify审核processing, to process加工delivery, to deliver 交货summary of year-end physical inventory bills 年终盘点截止单据汇总表bill name单据名称Application status records of year-end physical inventory List and physical inventory card 年终盘点卡与清册使用状况明细表blank and waste sheet NO. 空白与作废单号magnalium镁铝合金magnesium镁金metal plate钣金alloy合金drill铝boring镗fillet镶;嵌边production tempo生产进度现状beacon警示灯职务：position职务president董事长special assistant manager特助general manager总经理deputy manager |'depjuti| 副理factory director厂长assistant manager助理supervisor 课长deputy section supervisor副课长group leader/supervisor组长line supervisor线长personnel resource department 人力资源部ME制造工程师MT制造技术administration/general affairs dept总务部common equipment常用设备punching machine 冲床hydraulic machine油压机electrical sparkle电火花linear cutting线切割miller铣床grinder磨床driller钻床welder电焊机thumb大拇指forefinger食指midfinger中指ring finger无名指little finger小指gauge(or jig)治具power wire电源线buzzle蜂鸣器screwdriver holder起子插座stopper阻挡器lamp holder灯架glove(s)手套band-aid创可贴iudustrial alcohol 工业酒精vaccum cleaner吸尘器magnetizer加磁器packaging tool打包机。
(完整版)计量经济学Econometrics专业词汇中英文对照
Econometrics 专业词汇中英文对照（按课件顺序）Ch1-3Causal effects：因果影响，指的是当x变化时，会引起y的变化；Elasticity：弹性；correlation (coefficient) 相关（系数），相关系数没有单位，unit free；estimation：估计；hypothesis testing：假设检验；confidence interval：置信区间；difference-in-means test：均值差异检验，即检验两个样本的均值是否相同；standard error：标准差；statistical inference：统计推断；Moments of distribution：分布的矩函数；conditional distribution (means)：条件分布（均值）；variance：方差；standard deviation：标准差（指总体方差的平方根）；standard error：标准误差，指样本方差的平方根；skewness：偏度，度量分布的对称性；kurtosis：峰度，度量厚尾性，即度量离散程度；joint distribution：联合分布；conditional expectation：条件期望（指总体）；randomness：随机性i.i.d., independently and identically distributed：独立同分布的；sampling distribution：抽样分布，指的是当抽取不同的随机样本时，统计量的取值会有所不同，而当取遍所有的样本量为n的样本时，统计量有一个取值规律，即抽样分布，即统计量的随机性来自样本的随机性consistent (consistency)：相合的（相合性），指当样本量趋于无穷大时，估计量依概率收敛到真实值；此外，在统计的语言中，还有一个叫模型选择的相合性，指的是能依概率选取到正确的模型Central limit theory：中心极限定理；unbiased estimator：无偏估计量；uncertainty：不确定性；approximation：逼近；least squares estimator：最小二乘估计量；provisional decision：临时的决定，用于假设检验，指的是，我们现在下的结论是基于现在的数据的，如果数据变化，我们的结论可能会发生变化significance level：显著性水平，一般取0.05或者0.01,0.1，是一个预先给定的数值，指的是在原假设成立的假设下，我们可能犯的错误的概率，即拒绝原假设的概率；p-value：p-值，指的是观测到比现在观测到的统计量更极端的概率，一般p-值很小的时候要拒绝原假设，因为这说明要观测到比现在观测到的统计量更极端的情况的概率很小，进而说明现在的统计量很极端。
工程师常用中英文对照表English
组装、冲压、喷漆等专业词汇Assembly line组装线Layout布置图Conveyer流水线物料板Rivet table拉钉机Rivet gun拉钉枪Screw driver起子Electric screw driver电动起子Pneumatic screw driver气动起子worktable 工作桌OOBA开箱检查fit together组装在一起fasten锁紧(螺丝)fixture 夹具(治具)pallet栈板barcode条码barcode scanner条码扫描器fuse together熔合fuse machine热熔机repair修理operator作业员QC品管supervisor 课长ME制造工程师MT制造生技cosmetic inspect外观检查inner parts inspect内部检查thumb screw大头螺丝lbs. inch镑、英寸EMI gasket导电条front plate前板rear plate后板chassis 基座bezel panel面板power button电源按键reset button重置键Hi-pot test of SPS高源高压测试Voltage switch of SPS电源电压接拉键sheet metal parts 冲件plastic parts塑胶件SOP制造作业程序material check list物料检查表work cell工作间trolley台车carton纸箱sub-line支线left fork叉车personnel resourcedepartment人力资源部production department生产部门planning department企划部QC Section品管科stamping factory冲压厂painting factory烤漆厂molding factory成型厂common equipment常用设备uncoiler and straightener整平机punching machine 冲床robot机械手hydraulic machine油压机lathe车床planer |'plein|刨床miller铣床grinder磨床driller??床linear cutting线切割electrical sparkle电火花welder电焊机staker=reviting machine铆合机position职务president董事长general manager总经理special assistant manager特助factory director厂长department director部长deputy manager | =vicemanager副理section supervisor课长deputy section supervisor=vice section superisor副课长group leader/supervisor组长line supervisor线长assistant manager助理to move, to carry, to handle搬运be put in storage入库pack packing包装to apply oil擦油to file burr 锉毛刺final inspection终检to connect material接料to reverse material 翻料wet station沾湿台Tiana天那水cleaning cloth抹布to load material上料to unload material卸料to return material/stock to退料scraped |'skræpid|报废scrape ..v.刮;削deficient purchase来料不良manufacture procedure制程deficient manufacturingprocedure制程不良oxidation |'ksi'dein|氧化scratch刮伤dents压痕defective upsiding down抽芽不良defective to staking铆合不良embedded lump镶块feeding is not in place送料不到位stamping-missing漏冲production capacity生产力education and training教育与训练proposal improvement提案改善spare parts=buffer备件forklift叉车trailer=long vehicle拖板车compound die合模die locker锁模器pressure plate=plate pinch 压板bolt螺栓name of a department部门名称administration/general affairs dept总务部automatic screwdriver电动启子thickness gauge厚薄规gauge(or jig)治具power wire电源线buzzle蜂鸣器defective product label不良标签identifying sheet list标示单screwdriver holder起子插座pedal踩踏板stopper阻挡器flow board流水板hydraulic handjack油压板车forklift叉车pallet栈板glove(s)手套glove(s) with exposed fingers割手套thumb大拇指forefinger食指midfinger中指ring finger无名指little finger小指band-aid创可贴iudustrial alcohol工业酒精alcohol container沾湿台head of screwdriver起子头sweeper扫把mop拖把vaccum cleaner吸尘器rag 抹布garbage container灰箕garbage can垃圾箱garbage bag垃圾袋chain链条jack升降机production line流水线chain链条槽magnetizer加磁器lamp holder灯架to mop the floor拖地to clean the floor扫地to clean a table擦桌子air pipe 气管packaging tool打包机packaging打包missing part漏件wrong part错件excessive defects过多的缺陷critical defect极严重缺陷major defect主要缺陷minor defect次要缺陷not up to standard不合规格dimension/size is a littlebigger尺寸偏大(小)cosmetic defect外观不良slipped screwhead/slipperyscrew head螺丝滑头slipped screwhead/shipperyscrew thread滑手speckle斑点mildewed=moldy=mouldy发霉rust生锈deformation变形burr(金属)flash(塑件)毛边poor staking铆合不良excesssive gap间隙过大grease/oil stains油污inclusion杂质painting peel off脏污shrinking/shrinkage缩水mixed color杂色scratch划伤poor processing 制程不良poor incoming part事件不良fold of pakaging belt打包带折皱painting make-up补漆discoloration羿色water spots水渍polishing/surface processing表面处理exposed metal/bare metal金属裸露lack of painting烤漆不到位safety安全quality品质delivery deadline交货期cost成本engineering工程die repair模修enterprise plan = enterpriseexpansion projects企划QC品管die worker模工production, to produce生产equipment设备to start a press开机stop/switch off a press关机classification整理regulation整顿cleanness清扫conservation清洁culture教养qualified products, up-to-grade products良品defective products, not up-to-grade products不良品waste废料board看板feeder送料机sliding rack滑料架defective product box不良品箱die change 换模to fix a die装模to take apart a die拆模to repair a die修模packing material包材basket蝴蝶竺plastic basket胶筐isolating plate baffle plate; barricade隔板carton box纸箱to pull and stretch拉深to put material in place, tocut material, to input落料to impose lines压线to compress, compressing压缩character die字模to feed, feeding送料transportation运输(be)qualfied, up to grade合格not up to grade, not qualified不合格material change, stock change材料变更feature change 特性变更evaluation评估prepare for, makepreparations for 准备parameters参数rotating speed, revolution转速manufacture management制造管理abnormal handling异常处理production unit生产单位lots of production生产批量steel plate钢板roll material卷料manufacture procedure制程operation procedure作业流程to revise, modify修订to switch over to,switch---to throw--overswitching over切换engineering, projectdifficulty工程瓶颈stage die工程模automation自动化to stake, staking, reviting铆合add lubricating oil加润滑油shut die架模shut height of a die架模高度analog-mode device类模器die lifter举模器argon welding氩焊vocabulary for stamping冲压常词汇stamping, press冲压punch press, dieing out press冲床uncoiler & strainghtener整平机feeder送料机rack, shelf, stack料架cylinder油缸robot机械手taker取料机conveyer belt输送带transmission rack输送架top stop上死点bottom stop下死点one stroke一行程inch寸动to continue, cont.连动to grip(material)吸料location lump, locating piece,block stop 定位块reset复位smoothly顺利dent压痕scratch刮伤deformation变形filings铁削to draw holes抽孔inquiry, search for查寻to stock, storage, in stock库存receive领取approval examine and verify审核processing, to process加工delivery, to deliver 交货to return delivenry to.to send delinery backto retrn of goods退货registration登记registration card登记卡to control管制to put forward and hand in提报safe stock安全库存acceptance = receive验收to notice通知application form for purchase 请购单consume, consumption消耗to fill in填写abrasion磨损reverse angle = chamfer倒角character die字模to collect, to gather收集failure, trouble故障statistics统计demand and supply需求career card履历卡to take apart a die卸下模具to load a die装上模具to tight a bolt拧紧螺栓to looser a bolt拧松螺栓to move away a die plate移走模板easily damaged parts易损件standard parts标准件breaking.(be)broken,(be)cra cked 断裂to lubricate润滑common vocabulary for die engineering模具工程常用词汇die 模具figure file, chart file图档cutting die, blanking die冲裁模progressive die, follow(-on)die连续模compound die复合模punched hole冲孔panel board镶块to cutedges=side cut=sidescrap切边to bending折弯to pull, to stretch拉伸Line streching, line pulling线拉伸engraving, to engrave刻印upsiding down edges翻边to stake铆合designing, to design设计design modification设计变化die block模块folded block折弯块sliding block滑块location pin定位销lifting pin顶料销die plate, front board模板padding block垫块stepping bar垫条upper die base上模座lower die base下模座upper supporting blank上承板upper padding plate blank上垫板spare dies模具备品spring 弹簧bolt螺栓document folder文件夹file folder资料夹to put file in order整理资料spare tools location手工备品仓first count初盘人first check初盘复棹人second count 复盘人second check复盘复核人equipment设备waste materials废料work in progress product在制品casing = containerazation装箱quantity of physical invetorysecond count 复盘点数量quantity of customs count会计师盘,点数量the first page第一联filed by accountingdepartment for reference会计部存查end-user/usingunit(department)使用单位summary of year-end physicalinventory bills年终盘点截止单据汇总表bill name单据名称This sheet and physicalinventory list will be sent toaccountingdepartment together (Those ofNHK will be sent to financialdepartment)本表请与盘点清册一起送会计部－(NHK厂区送财会部)Application status records ofyear-end physical inventoryList andphysical inventory card 年终盘点卡与清册使用－状况明细表blank and waste sheet NO.空白与作废单号plate电镀mold成型material for engineering moldtesting工程试模材料not included in physicalinventory不列入盘点sample样品incoming material to beinspected进货待验description品名steel/rolled steel钢材material statistics sheet 物料统计明细表meeting minutes会议记录meeting type 会别distribution department分发单位location地点chairman主席present members出席人员subject主题conclusion结论decision items决议事项responsible department负责单位pre-fixed finishing date预定完成日approved by / checked by / prepared by核准/审核/承办PCE assembly production schedule sheetPCE组装厂生产排配表model机锺work order工令revision版次remark备注production control confirmation生产确认checked by初审approved by核准department部门stock age analysis sheet库存货龄分析表on-hand inventory现有库存available material良品可使用obsolete material良品已呆滞to be inspected or reworked待验或重工total合计cause description原因说明part number/ P/N 料号type形态item/group/class类别quality品质prepared by制表notes说明year-end physical inventorydifference analysis sheet年终盘点差异分析表physical inventory盘点数量physical count quantity帐面数量difference quantity差异量cause analysis原因分析raw materials原料materials物料finished product成品semi-finished product半成品packing materials包材good product/accepted goods/accepted parts/good parts良品defective product/non-goodparts不良品disposed goods处理品warehouse/hub仓库on way location在途仓oversea location海外仓spare parts physicalinventory list备品盘点清单spare molds location模具备品仓skid/pallet栈板tox machine自铆机wire EDM线割EDM放电机coil stock卷料sheet stock片料tolerance工差score=groove压线cam block滑块pilot导正筒trim剪外边pierce剪内边drag form压锻差pocket for the punch head挂钩槽slug hole废料孔feature die公母模expansion dwg展开图radius半径shim(wedge)楔子torch-flame cut火焰切割set screw止付螺丝form block折刀stop pin定位销round pierce punch=die button圆冲子shape punch=die insert异形子stock locater block定位块under cut=scrap chopper清角active plate活动板baffle plate挡块cover plate盖板male die公模female die母模groove punch压线冲子air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing block衬套insert 入块club car高尔夫球车capability能力parameter参数factor系数.phosphate皮膜化成viscosity涂料粘度alkalidipping脱脂main manifold主集流脉bezel斜视规blanking穿落模dejecting顶固模demagnetization去磁;消磁high-speed transmission高速传递heat dissipation热传rack上料degrease脱脂rinse水洗alkaline etch龄咬desmut剥黑膜D.I. rinse纯水次Chromate铬酸处理Anodize阳性处理seal封孔revision版次part number/P/N料号good products良品scraped products报放心品defective products不良品finished products成品disposed products处理品barcode条码flow chart流程表单assembly组装stamping冲压molding成型spare parts=buffer备品coordinate座标dismantle the die折模auxiliary fuction辅助功能poly-line多义线heater band 加热片thermocouple热电偶sand blasting喷沙grit 砂砾derusting machine除锈机degate打浇口dryer烘干机induction感应induction light感应光response=reaction=interaction感应ram连杆edge finder巡边器concave凸convex凹short射料不足nick缺口speck瑕??shine亮班splay 银纹gas mark焦痕delamination起鳞cold slug冷块blush 导色gouge沟槽;凿槽satin texture段面咬花witness line证示线patent专利grit沙砾granule=peuet=grain细粒grit maker抽粒机cushion缓冲magnalium镁铝合金magnesium镁金metal plate钣金lathe车mill锉plane刨grind磨drill铝boring镗blinster气泡fillet镶;嵌边through-hole form通孔形式voller pin formality滚针形式cam driver铡楔shank摸柄crank shaft曲柄轴augular offset角度偏差velocity速度production tempo生产进度现状torque扭矩spline=the multiple keys花键quenching淬火tempering回火annealing退火carbonization碳化alloy合金tungsten high speed steel钨高速的moly high speed steel钼高速的organic solvent有机溶剂bracket小磁导liaison联络单volatile挥发性resistance电阻ion离子titrator滴定仪beacon警示灯coolant冷却液crusher破碎机模具工程类plain die简易模pierce die冲孔模forming die成型模progressive die连续模gang dies复合模shearing die剪边模riveting die铆合模pierce冲孔forming成型(抽凸,冲凸)draw hole抽孔bending折弯trim切边emboss凸点dome凸圆semi-shearing半剪stamp mark冲记号deburr or coin压毛边punch riveting冲压铆合side stretch侧冲压平reel stretch卷圆压平groove压线blanking下料stamp letter冲字(料号) shearing剪断tick-mark nearside正面压印tick-mark farside反面压印冲压名称类extension dwg展开图procedure dwg工程图die structure dwg模具结构图material材质material thickness料片厚度factor系数upward向上downward向下press specification冲床规格die height range适用模高die height闭模高度burr毛边gap间隙weight重量total wt.总重量punch wt.上模重量五金零件类inner guiding post内导柱inner hexagon screw内六角螺钉dowel pin固定销coil spring弹簧lifter pin顶料销eq-height sleeves=spool等高套筒pin销lifter guide pin浮升导料销guide pin导正销wire spring圆线弹簧outer guiding post外导柱stop screw止付螺丝located pin定位销outer bush外导套模板类top plate上托板（顶板）top block上垫脚punch set上模座punch pad上垫板punch holder上夹板stripper pad脱料背板up stripper上脱料板male die公模(凸模)feature die公母模female die母模(凹模)upper plate上模板lower plate下模板die pad下垫板die holder下夹板die set下模座bottom block下垫脚bottom plate下托板(底板)stripping plate内外打(脱料板)outer stripper外脱料板inner stripper内脱料板lower stripper下脱料板零件类punch冲头insert入块(嵌入件)deburring punch压毛边冲子groove punch压线冲子stamped punch字模冲子round punch圆冲子special shape punch异形冲子bending block折刀roller滚轴baffle plate挡块located block定位块supporting block for location定位支承块air cushion plate气垫板air-cushion eject-rod气垫顶杆trimming punch切边冲子stiffening rib punch =stinger 加强筋冲子ribbon punch压筋冲子reel-stretch punch卷圆压平冲子guide plate定位板sliding block滑块sliding dowel block滑块固定块active plate活动板lower sliding plate下滑块板upper holder block上压块upper mid plate上中间板spring box弹簧箱spring-box eject-rod弹簧箱顶杆spring-box eject-plate弹簧箱顶板bushing bolck衬套cover plate盖板guide pad导料块塑件&模具相关英文compre sion molding压缩成型flash mold溢流式模具plsitive mold挤压式模具split mold分割式模具cavity型控母模core模心公模taper锥拔leather cloak仿皮革shiver饰纹flow mark流痕welding mark溶合痕post screw insert螺纹套筒埋值self tapping screw自攻螺丝striper plate脱料板piston活塞cylinder汽缸套chip细碎物handle mold手持式模具移转成型用模具encapsulation molding低压封装成型射出成型用模具two plate两极式（模具）well type蓄料井insulated runner绝缘浇道方式hot runner热浇道runner plat浇道模块valve gate阀门浇口band heater环带状的电热器spindle阀针spear head刨尖头slag well冷料井cold slag冷料渣air vent排气道h=0.02~0.05mmw=3.2mmL=3~5mmwelding line熔合痕eject pin顶出针knock pin顶出销return pin回位销反顶针sleave套筒stripper plate脱料板insert core放置入子runner stripper plate浇道脱料板guide pin导销eject rod (bar)（成型机）顶业捧subzero深冷处理three plate三极式模具runner system浇道系统stress crack应力电裂orientation定向sprue gate射料浇口，直浇口nozzle射嘴sprue lock pin料头钩销(拉料杆)slag well冷料井side gate侧浇口edge gate侧缘浇口tab gate搭接浇口film gate薄膜浇口flash gate闸门浇口slit gate缝隙浇口fan gate扇形浇口dish gate因盘形浇口H=F=1/2t~1/5tT=2.5~3.5mmdiaphragm gate隔膜浇口ring gate环形浇口subarine gate潜入式浇口tunnel gate隧道式浇口pin gate针点浇口Φ0.8~1.0mmRunner less无浇道(sprue less)无射料管方式long nozzle延长喷嘴方式sprue浇口;溶渣品质人员名称类QC quality control 品质管理人员FQC final quality control终点品质管制人员IPQC in process qualitycontrol 制程中的品质管制人员OQC output quality control最终出货品质管制人员IQC incoming qualitycontrol 进料品质管制人员TQC total quality control全面质量管理POC passage quality control段检人员QA quality assurance 质量保证人员OQA output qualityassurance 出货质量保证人员QE quality engineering 品质工程人员品质保证类FAI first articleinspection 新品首件检查FAA first article assurance首件确认TVR tool verificationreport 模具确认报告3B 3B 模具正式投产前确认CP capability index 能力指数CPK capability index ofprocess 模具制程能力参数SSQA standardized supplierquality 合格供应商品质评估OOBA out of box audit 开箱检查QFD quality functiondeployment 品质机能展开FMEA failure modeleffectiveness analysis 失效模式分析8 disciplines 8项回复内容FA final audit 最後一次稽核CAR corrective action request 改正行动要求corrective action report 改正行动报告FQC运作类AQL Acceptable Quality Level 运作类允收品质水准S/S Sample size 抽样检验样本大小ACC Accept 允收REE Reject 拒收CR Critical 极严重的MAJ Major 主要的MIN Minor 轻微的AOQ Average Output Quality 平均出厂品质AOQL Average Output Quality Level 平均出厂品质Q/R/SQuality/Reliability/Service 品质/可靠度服务MIL-STD Military-Standard 军用标准S I-S IV Special I-Special IV 特殊抽样水准等级P/N Part Number 料号L/N Lot Number 特采AOD Accept On Deviation 特采UAI Use As It 首件检查报告FPIR First Piece InspectionReport 百万分之一PPM Percent Per Million 批号制程统计品管专类SPC Statistical ProcessControl 统计制程管制SQC Statistical QualityControl 统计品质管制R Range 全距AR Averary Range 全距平均值UCL Upper Central Limit 管制上限LCL Lower Central Limit 管制下限MAX Maximum 最大值MIN Minimum 最小值GRR GaugeReproducibility&Repeatability 量具之再制性及重测性判断量可靠与否DIM Dimension 尺寸DIA Diameter 直径FREQ Frequency 频率N Number 样品数其它品质术语类QCC Quality Control Circle品质圈QIT Quality ImprovementTeam 品质改善小组PDCA Plan Do Check Action计划执行检查总结ZD Zero Defect 零缺点QI Quality Improvement 品质改善QP Quality Policy 目标方针TQM Total QualityManagement 全面品质管理MRB Material Reject Bill退货单LQL Limiting Quality Level最低品质水准RMA Return Material Audit退料认可QAN Quality AmelionrateNotice 品质改善活动ADM Absolute DimensionMeasuremat 全尺寸测量QT Quality Target 品质目标7QCTools 7 Quality ControllTools 品管七大手法通用之件类ECN Engineering ChangeNotes 工程变更通知(供应商)ECO Engineering ChangeOrder 工程改动要求(客户)PCN Process Change Notice工序改动通知PMP Product Management Plan生产管制计划SIP Specification InProcess 制程检验规格SOP Standard OperationProcedure 制造作业规范IS Inspection Specification成品检验规范BOM Bill Of Material 物料清单PS Package Specification包装规范SPEC Specification 规格DWG Drawing 图面系统文件类QC Quality System 品质系统ES EngineeringStandarization 工程标准CGOO China General PCE龙华厂文件H Huston (美国)休斯敦C Compaq (美国)康伯公司C China 中国大陆A Assembly 组装(厂)S Stamping 冲压(厂)P Painting 烤漆(厂)I Intel 英特尔公司T TAIWAN 台湾IWS International Workman Standard 工艺标准ISO International Standard Organization 国际标准化组织GS General Specification 一般规格CMCS C-China M-Manufact C-Compaq S-Stamping Compaq 产品在龙华冲压厂制造作业规范CQCA Q-Quality A-Assembly Compaq产品在龙华组装厂品管作业规范CQCP P-Painting Compaq产品在龙华烤漆厂品管作业规范部类PMC Production & Material Control 生产和物料控制PPC Production Plan Control 生产计划控制MC Material Control 物料控制ME Manafacture Engineering 制造工程部PE Project Engineering 产品工程部A/C Accountant Dept 会计部P/A Personal & Administration 人事行政部DC Document Center 资料中心QE Quality Engineering 品质工程(部)QA Quality Assurance 品质保证(处)QC Quality Control 品质管制(课)PD Product Department 生产部LAB Labratry 实验室IE Industrial Engineering工业工程R&D Research & Design 设计开发部P Painting 烤漆(厂)A Asssembly 组装(厂)S Stamping 冲压(厂)生产类PCS Pieces 个(根,块等)PRS Pairs 双(对等)CTN Carton 卡通箱PAL Pallet/skid 栈板PO Purchasing Order 采购订单MO Manufacture Order 生产单D/C Date Code 生产日期码ID/C Identification Code(供应商)识别码SWR Special Work Request特殊工作需求L/N Lot Number 批号P/N Part Number 料号其它OEM Original EquipmentManufacture 原设备制造PCE Personal ComputerEnclosure 个人电脑外设PC Personal Computer 个人电脑CPU Central Processing Unit中央处理器SECC SECC` 电解片SGCC SGCC 热浸镀锌材料NHK North of Hongkong 中国大陆PRC People's Republic ofChina 中国大陆U.S.A the United States ofAmerica 美国A.S.A.P As Soon As Possible尽可能快的E-MAIL Electrical-Mail 电子邮件N/A Not Applicable 不适用QTY Quantity 数量VS 以及REV Revision 版本JIT Just In Time 零库存I/O Input/Output 输入/输出OK Ok 好NG Not Good 不行,不合格C=0 Critical=0 极严重不允许ESD Electry-staticDischarge 静电排放5S 希腊语整理,整顿,清扫,清洁,教养ATIN Attention 知会CC Carbon Copy 副本复印相关人员APP Approve 核准,认可,承认CHK Check 确认AM Ante Meridian 上午PM Post Meridian 下午CD Compact Disk 光碟CD-ROM Compact DiskRead-Only Memory 只读光碟FDD Floppy Disk Drive 软碟机HDD Hard Disk Drive 碟碟机REF Reference 仅供参考CONN Connector 连接器CAV Cavity 模穴CAD Computer Aid Design 计算机辅助设计ASS'Y Assembly 装配,组装MAT'S Material 材料IC Integrated Circuit 集成电路T/P True Position 真位度TYP Type 类型WDR Weekly Delivery Requitement 周出货需求C?T Cycle Time 制程周期L/T Lead Time 前置时间(生产前准备时间)S/T Standard Time 标准时间P/M Product Market 产品市场3CComputer,Commumcation,Consu mer electronic's 消费性电子5WIHWhen,Where,Who,What,Why,How to5MMan,Machine,Material,Method ,Measurement4MIHMan,Materia,Money,Method,Ti me 人力,物力,财务,技术,时间(资源)SQA Strategy Quality Assurance 策略品质保证DQA Desigh Quality Assurance 设计品质保证MQA Manufacture QualityAssurance 制造品质保证SSQA Sales and serviceQuality Assurance 销售及服务品质保证LRR Lot Rejeet Rate 批退率BS Brain storming 脑力激荡EMI Electronic MagnetionInspect 高磁测试FMI Frequency ModulatimInspect 高频测试B/M Boar/Molding(flatcable)C/P Connector of PCA/P AssemblySPS Switching power supply电源箱DT Desk Top 卧式(机箱)MT Mini-Tower 立式(机箱)DVD Digital Vedio DiskVCD Vdeio Compact DiskLCD Liquid Crystal DisplayCAD Computer AID DesignCAM Computer AIDManufacturingCAE Computer AIDEngineeringABIOS Achanced Basic input/output system 先进的基本输入/输出系统CMOS Complemeruary MetollOxide Semiconductor 互补金属氧化物半导体PDA Personal DigitalAssistant 个人数字助理IC Integrated Circuit 集成电路ISA Industry StandardArchitecture 工业标准体制结构MCA Micro ChannelArchitecture 微通道结构EISA Extended IndustryStandard Architecture 扩充的工业标准结构SIMM Single in-line memorymodule 单项导通汇流组件DIMM Dual in-line MemoryModule 双项导通汇流组件LED Light-Emitting Diode发光二级管FMEA Failure ModeEffectivenes 失效模式分析W/H Wire Harness 金属线绪束集组件F/C Flat Calle 排线PCB Printed Circuit Board印刷电路板CAR Correction ActionReport 改善报告NG Not Good 不良WPR Weekly DeliveryRequirement 周出货要求PPM Parts Per Million 百万分之一TPM Total ProductionMaintenance 全面生产保养MRP Material RequiremcntPlanning 物料需计划OC Operation System 作业系统TBA To Be Design 待定,定缺D/C Drawing ChangeP/P Plans & ProceduneEMI Electrical-MusicIndustry 电子音乐工业RFI Read Frequency Input读频输入MMC Maximum MaterialConditionMMS Maximum Material SizeLMC Least MaterialConditionLMS Least Material Size模具技术用语各种模具常用成形方式accurate die casting 精密压铸 powder forming 粉末成形calendaring molding 压延成形powder metal forging 粉末锻造cold chamber die casting 冷式压铸 precision forging 精密锻造cold forging 冷锻press forging 冲锻compacting molding 粉末压出成形 rocking die forging 摇动锻造compound molding 复合成形rotary forging 回转锻造compression molding 压缩成形rotational molding 离心成形dip mold 浸渍成形rubber molding 橡胶成形encapsulation molding 注入成形 sand mold casting 砂模铸造extrusion molding 挤出成形 shell casting 壳模铸造foam forming ?泡成形sinter forging 烧结锻造forging roll 轧锻six sides forging 六面锻造gravity casting 重力铸造slush molding 凝塑成形hollow(blow) molding 中空(吹出)成形squeeze casting 高压铸造hot chamber die casting 热室压铸 swaging 挤锻hot forging 热锻transfer molding 转送成形injection molding 射出成形warm forging 温锻investment casting 精密铸造matched die method 对模成形法laminating method 被覆淋膜成形 low pressure casting 低压铸造lost wax casting 脱蜡铸造matched mould thermalforming 对模热成形模各式模具分类用语bismuth mold 铋铸模landed plunger mold 有肩柱塞式模具burnishing die 挤光模landed positive mold 有肩全压式模具button die 镶入式圆形凹模loading shoe mold 料套式模具center-gated mold 中心浇口式模具 loose detail mold 活零件模具chill mold 冷硬用铸模loose mold 活动式模具clod hobbing 冷挤压制模louvering die 百叶窗冲切模composite dies 复合模具manifold die 分歧管模具counter punch 反凸模modular mold 组合式模具double stack mold 双层模具multi-cavity mold 多模穴模具electroformed mold 电铸成形模 multi-gate mold 复式浇口模具expander die 扩径模offswt bending die 双折冷弯模具extrusion die 挤出模palletizing die 叠层模family mold 反套制品模具plaster mold 石膏模blank through dies 漏件式落料模 porous mold 通气性模具duplicated cavity plate 复板模 positive mold 全压式模具fantail die 扇尾形模具pressure die 压紧模fishtail die 鱼尾形模具profile die 轮廓模flash mold 溢料式模具progressive die 顺序模gypsum mold 石膏铸模protable mold 手提式模具hot-runner mold 热流道模具prototype mold 雏形试验模具ingot mold 钢锭模punching die 落料模lancing die 切口模raising(embossing) 压花起伏成形re-entrant mold 倒角式模具sectional die 拼合模runless injection mold 无流道冷料模具sectional die 对合模具segment mold 组合模semi-positive mold 半全压式模具shaper 定型模套single cavity mold 单腔模具solid forging die 整体锻模split forging die 拼合锻模split mold 双并式模具sprueless mold 无注道残料模具squeezing die 挤压模stretch form die 拉伸成形模sweeping mold 平刮铸模swing die 振动模具three plates mold 三片式模具trimming die 切边模unit mold 单元式模具universal mold 通用模具unscrewing mold 退扣式模具yoke type die 轭型模模具厂常用之标准零配件air vent vale 通气阀anchor pin 锚梢angular pin 角梢baffle 调节阻板angular pin 倾斜梢baffle plate 折流档板ball button 球塞套ball plunger 定位球塞ball slider 球塞滑块binder plate 压板blank holder 防皱压板blanking die 落料冲头bolster 上下模板bottom board 浇注底板bolster 垫板bottom plate 下固定板bracket 托架bumper block 缓冲块buster 堵口casting ladle 浇注包casting lug 铸耳cavity 模穴(模仁)cavity retainer plate 模穴托板center pin 中心梢clamping block 锁定块coil spring 螺旋弹簧cold punched nut 冷冲螺母cooling spiral 螺旋冷却栓core 心型core pin 心型梢cotter 开口梢cross 十字接头cushion pin 缓冲梢diaphragm gate 盘形浇口die approach 模头料道die bed 型底die block 块形模体die body 铸模座die bush 合模衬套die button 冲模母模die clamper 夹模器die fastener 模具固定用零件die holder 母模固定板die lip 模唇die plate 冲模板die set 冲压模座direct gate 直接浇口dog chuck 爪牙夹头dowel 定位梢dowel hole 导套孔dowel pin 合模梢dozzle 辅助浇口dowel pin 定位梢draft 拔模锥度draw bead 张力调整杆drive bearing 传动轴承ejection pad 顶出衬垫ejector 脱模器ejector guide pin 顶出导梢ejector leader busher 顶出导梢衬套ejector pad 顶出垫ejector pin 顶出梢ejector plate 顶出板ejector rod 顶出杆ejector sleeve 顶出衬套ejector valve 顶出阀eye bolt 环首螺栓filling core 椿入蕊film gate 薄膜形浇口finger pin 指形梢finish machined plate 角形模板finish machined roundplate 圆形模板fixed bolster plate 固定侧模板 flanged pin 带凸缘?flash gate 毛边形浇口flask 上箱floating punch 浮动冲头gate 浇口gate land 浇口面gib 凹形拉紧?goose neck 鹅颈管guide bushing 引导衬套guide pin 导梢guide post 引导柱guide plate 导板guide rail 导轨head punch 顶?冲头headless punch 直柄冲头heavily tapered solid 整体模蕊盒 hose nippler 管接头impact damper 缓冲器injection ram 压射柱塞inlay busher 嵌入衬套inner plunger 内柱塞inner punch 内冲头insert 嵌件insert pin 嵌件梢king pin 转向梢king pin bush 主梢衬套knockout bar 脱模杵land 合模平坦面land area 合模面leader busher 导梢衬套lifting pin 起模顶?lining 内衬locating center punch 定位中心冲头locating pilot pin 定位导梢locating ring 定位环lock block 压块。
药理学专业词汇(中英文对照)
药理学专业词汇（中英文对照）第一章绪论药理学pharmacology药物drug药物效应动力学pharmacodynamics药物代谢动力学 pharmacokinetics上市后药物监测post-marketing surveillance第二章药物效应动力学药物作用pharmacological action药理效应pharmacological effect治疗作用therapeutic effect对症治疗symptomatic treatment补充疗法supplement therapy不良反应adverse drug reaction副作用side reaction毒性反应toxic reaction后遗效应after effect变态反应allergic reaction剂量-效应关系dose-effect relationship最小有效量minimal effective dose最小有效浓度minimal effective concentration个体差异individual variability效价强度potency构效关系structure activity relationship激动药agonist拮抗药antagonist配体门控离子通道受体ligand gated ion channel receptor第三章药物代谢动力学吸收absorption首关消除first-pass elimination静脉注射intravenous injection分布distribution生物转化biotransformation排泄excretion时量关系time-concentration relationship生物利用度bioavailability药物消除动力学过程elimination kinetic process一级消除动力学first-order elimination kinetics零级消除动力学zero-order elimination kinetics半衰期half-life表观分布容积apparent volume of distribution总体清除率total body clearance稳态浓度steady-state concentration第四章影响药物效应的因素和合理用药的原则控释剂controlled release formulation缓释剂 slow release formulation耐受性 tolerance耐药性resistance药物依赖性drug dependence相互作用 interaction配伍禁忌incompatibility协同 synergism拮抗 antagonism第五章自主神经系统药理总论运动神经somatic motor nervous system自主神经autonomic nervous system胆碱能神经cholinergic nerve去甲肾上腺素能神经noradrenergic nerve乙酰胆碱acetylcholine乙酰胆碱酯酶 acetylcholinesterase摄取uptake单胺氧化酶 mono-amine oxidase儿茶酚氧位甲基转移酶catechol-O-methyl transferase第六章胆碱受体激动药毛果芸香碱pilocarpine烟碱nicotine第七章抗胆碱酯酶药及胆碱酯酶复活药抗胆碱酯酶药 anticholinesterase agents胆碱酯酶复活药cholinesterase reactivator新斯的明 neostigmine有机磷酸酯类organophosphate碘解磷定pralidoxime iodine第八章M胆碱受体阻断药阿托品atropine山莨菪碱anisodamine东莨菪碱 scopolamine第九章N胆碱受体阻断药琥珀胆碱suxamethonium筒箭毒碱d-tubocurarine第十章肾上腺素受体激动药去甲肾上腺素noradrenaline肾上腺素adrenaline多巴胺dopamine异丙肾上腺素isoprenaline第十一章肾上腺素受体阻断药肾上腺素受体阻断药adrenoceptor blocking drugs 酚妥拉明phentolamine肾上腺素作用翻转adrenaline reversal酚苄明phenoxybenzamine哌唑嗪prazosin普萘洛尔propranolol第十二章局部麻醉药表面麻醉suiface anesthesia浸润麻醉infiltration anesthesia传导麻醉conduction anesthesia蛛网膜下腔麻醉subarachnoidal anesthesia 利多卡因lidocaine普鲁卡因procaine丁卡因tetracaine第十三章全身麻醉药吸入麻醉药inhalational anesthetics氟烷halothane静脉麻醉intravenous anesthetics硫喷妥钠thiopental sodium诱导麻醉 induction of anesthesia第十四章镇静催眠药地西泮Diazepam氯氮卓Chlordiazepoxide奥沙西泮Oxazepam硝西泮Nitrazepam艾司唑仑Estazolam苯巴比妥Phenobarbital水合氯醛Chloral hydrate第十五章抗癫痫药和抗惊厥药抗癫痫药antiepileptic drugs苯妥英钠sodium phenytoin苯巴比妥phenobarbital扑米酮primidone乙琥胺ethosuximide苯二氮卓类benzodiazepine卡马西平carbamazepine丙戊酸钠sodium valproate硫酸镁magnesium sulfate第十六章抗中枢退行性疾病药左旋多巴levodopa, L-dopa卡比多巴Carbidopa司来吉米Selegiline硝替卡朋Nitecapone第十七章抗精神失常药抗精神病药antipsychotic drugs抗躁狂药antimanic drugs抗抑郁药antidepressive drugs抗焦虑药antianxiety drugs吩噻嗪类phenothiazines硫杂蒽类thioxanthenes丁酰苯类butyrophenones氯丙嗪chlorpromazine氯氮平clozapine碳酸锂lithium carbonate丙米嗪imipramine第十八章镇痛药阿片opium吗啡 morphine哌替啶pethidine美沙酮methadone喷他佐辛pentazocine芬太尼 fentanyl第十九章解热镇痛抗炎药解热镇痛抗炎药antipyretic，analgesics and anti-inflammatory drugs 非甾体抗炎药non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs花生四烯酸arachidonic acid阿司匹林aspirin非那西丁phenacetin乙酰氨基酚paracetamol保泰松phenylbutazone吲哚美辛indomethacin布洛芬brufen别嘌醇 allopurinol丙磺舒 probenecid秋水仙碱colchicines第二十章抗变态反应药组胺histamine抗组胺药antihistamines苯海拉明diphenhydramine异丙嗪promethazine阿司咪唑astemizole西咪替丁cimetidine雷尼替丁ranitidine5-羟色胺5-hydroxytryptamine酮色林 ketanserin昂丹司琼ondansetron第二十一章钙拮抗药钙拮抗药calcium antagonists电压依赖性钙通道voltage dependent Ca2+ channels受体调控性钙通道receptor-operated Ca2+ channels第二信使活化钙通道second messenger operated Ca2+ channels 机械活化钙通道mechanically operated Ca2+ channels硝苯地平nifedipine尼群地平nitrendipine地尔硫卓diltiazem维拉帕米 verapamil第二十二章肾素-血管紧张素-醛固酮系统肾素 rennin血管紧张素原angiotensinogen血管紧张素转化酶angiotensin converting enzyme血管紧张素肽angiotensin peptides血管紧张素受体angiotensin receptor卡托普利 captopril依那普利 enalapril雷米普利ramipril第二十三章抗心律失常药心律失常arrhythmias奎尼丁Quinidine利多卡因Lidocaine普罗帕酮Propafenone胺碘酮Amiodarone维拉帕米Verapamil致心律失常作用proarrhythmia，arrhythmogenesis第二十四章抗慢性心功能不全药卡托普利 Captopril氯沙坦Losartar美托洛尔metoprolol卡维地洛carvedilol地高辛Digoxin米力农Milrinone维司力农vesnarinone第二十五章抗心绞痛药心绞痛angina pectoris硝酸甘油nitroglycerin硝酸异山梨酯isosobide dinitrater戊四硝酯pentaerythrityl tetranitrate普萘洛尔propranolol硝苯地平nifedipine维拉帕米verapamil地尔硫卓diltiazem卡维地洛carvedilol第二十六章调血脂药与抗动脉粥样硬化药胆固醇cholesterol三酰甘油triglyceride磷脂phospholipid游离脂肪酸free fatty acid胆固醇酯cholesteryl ester游离胆固醇free cholesterol总胆固醇total cholesterol载脂蛋白apoprotein脂蛋白lipoprotein消胆胺cholestyramine, cholesteramine resin烟酸nicotinic acid普罗布考/丙丁酚probucol多烯脂肪酸类polyenoic fatty acids多不饱和脂肪酸类polyunsaturated fatty acids二十碳五烯酸eicosapentaenoic acid二十二碳六烯酸docosahexaenoic acidα-亚麻酸α-linolenic acid亚油酸linolenic acidγ-亚麻酸γ-linolenic acid月见草油evening primrose oil亚油酸linolenic acid硫酸乙酰肝素heparan sulfate硫酸皮肤素dermatan sulfate硫酸软骨素chondroitin sulfate第二十七章抗高血压药个体化治疗方案individualized therapy氢氯噻嗪hydrochlorothiazide氨氯地平amlodipine卡托普利captopril氯沙坦losartan可乐定clonidine甲基多巴methyldopa莫索尼定moxonidine哌唑嗪prazosin肼屈嗪hydralazine米诺地尔minoxidil二氮嗪 diazoxide硝普钠 sodium nitroprusside第二十八章利尿药及脱水药利尿药diuresis drugs呋噻米furosemide阿米洛利amiloride螺内酯spironolactone乙酰唑胺acetazolamide氢氯噻嗪hydrochlorothiazide氨苯蝶啶triamterene第二十九章作用于血液和造血器官的药物肝素heparin鱼精蛋白protamin低分子量肝素low molacular weight heparin伊诺肝素enoxaparin水蛭素lepirudin双香豆素dicoumarin华法林warfarin枸橼酸钠sodium Citrate阿司匹林aspirin利多格雷ridogrel依前列醇epoprostanol双嘧达莫dipyridamole噻氯匹定antigreg链激酶streptokinase,SK阿替普酶alteplase沙芦普酶saruplase阿尼普酶anistreplase右旋糖酐dexran第三十章作用于呼吸系统的药物平喘药antiasthmatic drugs镇咳药antitussives祛痰药expectorants倍氯米松beclomethasone dipropionate 布地奈德budesonide曲安奈德triamcinolone acetonide丙酸氟替卡松fluticasone propionate氟尼缩松flunisolide色甘酸钠disodium cromoglycate曲尼司特tranilast酮替芬ketotifen奈多罗米钠nedocromil sodium沙丁胺醇salbutamol特布他林terbutaline克仑特罗clenbuterol氯丙那林clorprenaline福莫特罗formoterol沙美特罗salmeterol氨茶碱aminophylline二羟丙茶碱diprophylline胆茶碱cholinophylline多索茶碱doxofylline茶碱theophylline异丙托溴铵ipratropium可待因codeine右美沙芬dextromethorphan喷托维林pentoxyverine苯佐那酯benzonatate苯丙哌林benproperine氯化铵ammonium chloride乙酰半胱氨酸acetylcysteine溴己新bromhexine第三十一章作用于消化系统的药物西咪替丁cimetidine雷尼替丁ranitidine法莫替丁famotidine丙谷胺proglumide哌仑西平pirenzepine奥美拉唑omeprazole硫糖铝sucralfate三钾二枸橼酸铋tripotassium dicitrate bismuthate 昂丹司琼ondansetron苯海拉明diphenhydramine东莨菪碱scopolamine氯丙嗪chloropromazine甲氧氯普胺metoclopramide多潘立酮domperidone西沙必利cisapride硫酸镁magnesium sulfate硫酸钠sodium sulfate乳果糖lactulose酚酞phenolphthalein比沙可啶bisacodyl液体石腊liquid paraffin甘油glycerin地芬诺酯diphenoxylate洛哌丁胺loperamide联苯双酯bifendate马洛替酯malotilate苯丙醇phenylpropanol熊去氧胆酸ursodeoxycholic acid牛胆酸钠sodium tauroglycocholate去氢胆酸dehydrocholic acid曲匹布通trepibutone第三十二章子宫平滑肌兴奋药和抑制药缩宫素oxytocin麦角新碱ergometrine麦角胺ergotamine前列腺素prostaglandin第三十三章性激素类药及避孕药雌激素estrogen孕激素progestogen雄激素androgen第三十四章肾上腺皮质激素类药物肾上腺皮质激素adrenocortical hormones糖皮质激素glucocorticoids氢化可的松hydrocortisone可的松cortisone盐皮质激素mineralocorticoids醛固酮aldosterone去氧皮质酮desoxycorticosterone泼尼松prednisone泼尼松龙prednisolone甲泼尼龙methylprednisolone地塞米松dexamethasone倍他米松betamethasone曲安西龙triamcinolone氟氢可的松fludrocortisone氟轻松fluocinolone acetonide糖皮质激素受体glucocorticoid receptor正性糖皮质激素反应成分glucocorticoid response element负性糖皮质激素反应成分negative glucocorticoid response element 皮质激素转运球蛋白corticosteroid binding globulin第三十五章甲状腺素和抗甲状腺药甲状腺功能亢进症hyperthyroidism甲状腺素thyroxine三碘甲状腺原氨酸triiodothyronine抗甲状腺药antithyroid drugs硫脲类thiourease硫氧嘧啶类thiouracils丙硫氧嘧啶propylthiouracil甲硫氧嘧啶methylthiouracil咪唑类imidazoles甲硫咪唑thiamazole他巴唑tapazole碘iodine碘化物iodide放射性碘radioiodine第三十六章胰岛素及口服降糖药胰岛素insulin甲苯磺丁脲tolbutamide氯磺丙脲chlorpropamide格列吡嗪glipizide格列齐特gliclazide格列波脲glibornuride格列喹酮gliquidone格列美脲glimepiride苯乙福明phenformin丁福明buformin甲福明metformin阿卡波糖acarbose伏格列波糖voglibose米格列醇miglitol罗格列酮rosiglitazone环格列酮ciglitazone吡格列酮pioglitazone恩格列酮englitazone第三十七章抗菌药物概论抑菌药inhibitory drugs杀菌药bactericidal drugs抗菌谱antimicrobial spectrum最低抑菌浓度minimal inhibitory concentration最低杀菌浓度minimal bactericidal concentration化学疗法chemotherapy耐药性tolerance抗生素antibiotics第三十八章β-内酰胺类抗生素青霉素penicillin青霉素结合蛋白penicillin binding proteins头孢噻吩cephalothin头孢孟多cefamandole头孢曲松ceftriaxone第三十九章大环内酯类、林可霉素类及万古霉素类抗生素大环内酯类抗生素macrolides红霉素erythromycin林可霉素lincomycin万古霉素vancomycin螺旋霉素spiramycin第四十章氨基苷类及多黏菌素类氨基苷类aminoglycosides链霉素streptomycin庆大霉素gentamicin卡那霉素kanamycin抗生素后效应post antibiotic effect妥布霉素tobramycin阿米卡星amikacin奈替米星netilmicin多黏菌素类polymyxins第四十一章四环素类及氯霉素类四环素tetracycline土霉素terramycin氯霉素chloramphenicol广谱抗生素broad-spectrum antibiotics 多西环素doxycycline第四十二章人工合成抗菌药喹诺酮类quinolones诺氟沙星norfloxacin吡哌酸pipemidic acid氧氟沙星ofloxacin左氧氟沙星levofloxacin环丙沙星ciprofloxacin司帕沙星sparfloxacin曲伐沙星trovafloxacin磺胺嘧啶sulfadiazine磺胺甲噁唑sulfamethoxazole磺胺异噁唑sulfafurazole呋喃妥因nitrofurantoin呋喃唑酮furazolidone甲硝唑metronidazole第四十三章抗真菌及抗病毒药制霉菌素nystatin两性霉素B amphotericin B克霉唑clotrimazole阿昔洛韦acyclovir利巴韦林ribavirin金刚烷胺amantadine第四十四章抗结核病及抗麻风病药异烟肼 isoniazid利福平rifampicin乙胺丁醇 ethambutol吡嗪酰胺pyrazinamide对氨水杨酸钠sodium paraaminosalicylate 卷曲霉素 capreomycin第四十五章抗疟药氯喹chloroquine奎宁quinine本芴醇benflumetol伯氨喹primaquine乙胺嘧啶pyrimethamine第四十六章抗阿米巴病药及抗滴虫病药甲硝唑 metronidazole二氯尼特diloxanide喹啉quinoline第四十七章抗血吸虫病药和抗丝虫病药吡喹酮 pyquiton乙胺嗪diethylcarbamazine伊维菌素ivermectin第四十八章抗肠蠕虫药甲苯咪唑mebendazole阿苯达唑 albendazole第四十九章抗恶性肿瘤药甲氨蝶呤methotrexate5-氟尿嘧啶 5-fluorouracil阿糖胞苷cytarabine羟基脲 hydroxycarbamide氮芥chlormethine环磷酰胺endoxan丝裂霉素mitomycin博莱霉素bleomycin喜树碱camptothecin长春碱vinblastin长春新碱vincristin第五十章免疫调节药免疫调节药 immunomodulators免疫抑制药immunosuppressive agents 免疫激活药immunostimu-lanyts免疫增强药immunopotentiating drugs 环孢素ciclosporin抗淋巴细胞球蛋白antilymphocyte globulin左旋咪唑levamisole干扰素 interferon胸腺素 thymosin。
(完整版)经济学专业词汇中英文对照
经济学专业词汇中英文对照A 20accounting 会计accounting cost 会计成本accounting profit 会计利润adverse selection 逆向选择allocation 配置allocation of resources 资源配置allocative efficiency 配置效率antitrust legislation 反托拉斯法arc elasticity 弧弹性assumption 假设asymmetric information 非对称性信息average 平均average cost 平均成本average cost pricing 平均成本定价法average fixed cost 平均固定成本average product of capital 资本平均产量average product of labour 劳动平均产量average revenue 平均收益average total cost 平均总成本average variable cost 平均可变成本B 12barriers to entry 进入壁垒base year 基年bilateral monopoly 双边垄断benefit 收益black market 黑市bliss point 极乐点boundary point 边界点break even point 收支相抵点budget 预算budget constraint 预算约束budget line 预算线budget set 预算集C 75capital 资本capital stock 资本存量capital output ratio 资本产出比率capitalism 资本主义cardinal utility theory 基数效用论cartel 卡特尔ceteris paribus assumption “其他条件不变”的假设ceteris paribus demand curve “其他因素不变”的需求曲线Chamberlain model 张伯伦模型change in demand 需求变化change in quantity demanded 需求量变化change in quantity supplied 供给量变化change in supply 供给变化choice 选择closed set 闭集Coase theorem 科斯定理Cobb-Douglas production function 柯布--道格拉斯生产函数cobweb model 蛛网模型collective bargaining 集体协议工资collusion 合谋command economy 指令经济commodity 商品commodity combination 商品组合commodity market 商品市场commodity space 商品空间common property 公用财产comparative static analysis 比较静态分析compensated budget line 补偿预算线compensated demand function 补偿需求函数compensation principles 补偿原则compensating variation in income 收入补偿变量competition 竞争competitive market 竞争性市场complement goods 互补品complete information 完全信息completeness 完备性condition for efficiency in exchange交换的最优条件condition for efficiency in production生产的最优条件concave 凹concave function 凹函数concave preference 凹偏好consistence 一致性constant cost industry 成本不变产业constant returns to scale 规模报酬不变constraints 约束consumer 消费者consumer behavior 消费者行为consumer choice 消费者选择consumer equilibrium 消费者均衡consumer optimization 消费者优化consumer preference 消费者偏好consumer surplus 消费者剩余consumer theory 消费者理论consumption 消费consumption bundle 消费束consumption combination 消费组合consumption possibility curve 消费可能曲线consumption possibility frontier 消费可能性前沿consumption set 消费集consumption space 消费空间continuity 连续性continuous function 连续函数contract curve 契约曲线convex 凸convex function 凸函数convex preference 凸偏好convex set 凸集corporation 公司cost 成本cost benefit analysis 成本收益分析cost function 成本函数cost minimization 成本最小化Cournot equilibrium 古诺均衡Cournot model 古诺模型cross-price elasticity 交叉价格弹性D 32dead-weights loss 重负损失decreasing cost industry 成本递减产业decreasing returns to scale 规模报酬递减deduction 演绎法demand 需求demand curve 需求曲线demand elasticity 需求弹性demand function 需求函数demand price 需求价格demand schedule 需求表depreciation 折旧derivative 导数derive demand 派生需求difference equation 差分方程differential equation 微分方程differentiated good 差异商品differentiated oligopoly 差异寡头diminishing marginal substitution 边际替代率递减diminishing marginal return 收益递减diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减direct approach 直接法direct taxes 直接税discounting 贴水、折扣diseconomies of scale 规模不经济disequilibrium 非均衡distribution 分配division of labour 劳动分工duopoly 双头垄断、双寡duality 对偶durable goods 耐用品dynamic analysis 动态分析dynamic models 动态模型E 50economic agents 经济行为者economic cost 经济成本economic efficiency 经济效率economic goods 经济物品economic man 经济人economic mode 经济模型economic profit 经济利润economic regulation 经济调节economic rent 经济租金exchange 交换exchange efficiency 交换效率exchange contract curve 交换契约曲线economy of scale 规模经济Edgeworth box diagram 埃奇沃思图exclusion 排斥性、排他性Edgeworth contract curve 埃奇沃思契约线Edgeworth model 埃奇沃思模型efficiency 效率、效益efficiency parameter 效率参数elasticity 弹性elasticity of substitution 替代弹性endogenous variable 内生变量endowment 禀赋endowment of resources 资源禀赋Engel curve 恩格尔曲线entrepreneur 企业家entrepreneurship 企业家才能entry barriers 进入壁垒entry/exit decision 进出决策envelope curve 包络线equilibrium 均衡equilibrium condition 均衡条件equilibrium price 均衡价格equilibrium quantity 均衡产量equity 公平equivalent variation in income 收入等价变量excess-capacity theorem 过度生产能力定理existence 存在性existence of general equilibrium 总体均衡的存在性expansion paths 扩展径expectation 期望expected utility 期望效用expected value 期望值expenditure 支出explicit cost 显性成本external benefit 外部收益external cost 外部成本external economy 外部经济external diseconomy 外部不经济externalities 外部性F 24factor 要素factor demand 要素需求factor market 要素市场factors of production 生产要素factor substitution 要素替代factor supply 要素供给fallacy of composition 合成谬误final goods 最终产品firm 企业firms' demand curve for labour 企业劳动需求曲线firm supply curve 企业供给曲线first-degree price discrimination 第一级价格歧视first-order condition 一阶条件fixed costs 固定成本fixed input 固定投入fixed proportions production function 固定比例的生产函数flow 流量fluctuation 波动for whom to produce 为谁生产free entry 自由进入free goods 自由品、免费品free mobility of resources 资源自由流动free rider 搭便车、免费搭车者future value 未来值G 11game theory 博弈论、对策论general equilibrium 总体均衡、一般均衡general goods 一般商品Giffen goods 吉芬商品Giffen's Paradox 吉芬之谜Gini coefficient 吉尼系数golden rule 黄金规则government failure 政府失败government regulation 政府调控grand utility possibility curve 总效用可能曲线grand utility possibility frontier 总效用可能前沿H 9heterogeneous product 异质产品Hicks-kaldor welfare criterion 希克斯－卡尔多福利标准homogeneity 齐次性homogeneous demand function 齐次需求函数homogeneous product 同质产品homogeneous production function 齐次生产函数horizontal summation 水平和human capital 人力资本hypothesis 假说I 52identity 恒等式imperfect competition 不完全竞争implicit cost 隐性成本income 收入income compensated demand curve 收入补偿需求曲线income constraint 收入约束income consumption curve 收入消费曲线income distribution 收入分配income effect 收入效应income elasticity of demand 需求收入弹性increasing cost industry 成本递增产业increasing returns to scale 规模报酬递增index number 指数indifference 无差异indifference curve 无差异曲线indifference map 无差异族indifference relation 无差异关系indifference set 无差异集indirect approach 间接法individual analysis 个量分析individual demand curve 个人需求曲线individual demand function 个人需求函数induced variable 引致变量induction 归纳法industry 产业industry equilibrium 产业均衡industry supply curve 产业供给曲线inelastic 缺乏弹性的inferior goods 劣品inflection point 拐点information 信息information cost 信息成本initial condition 初始条件initial endowment 初始禀赋innovation 创新input 投入input-output 投入－产出institution 制度institutional economics 制度经济学insurance 保险intercept 截距interest 利息interest rate 利息率intermediate goods 中间产品internalization of externalities 外部性内部化invention 发明inverse demand function 反需求函数invisible hand 看不见的手isocost line 等成本线isoprofit curve 等利润曲线isoquant curve 等产量曲线isoquant map 等产量族K 1kinked-demand curve 弯折的需求曲线L 30labour demand 劳动需求labour supply 劳动供给labour theory of value 劳动价值论labour unions 工会laissez faire 自由放任Lagrangian function 拉格朗日函数Lagrangian multiplier 拉格朗日乘数law of demand and supply 供需法则law of diminishing marginal utility 边际效用递减法则law of diminishing marginal rate of substitution边际替代率递减法则law of increasing cost 成本递增法则law of one price 单一价格法则leader-follower model 领导者－跟随者模型least-cost combination of inputs最低成本的投入组合leisure 闲暇Leontief production function 里昂惕夫生产函数licenses 许可证linear demand function 线性需求函数linear homogeneity 线性齐次性linear homogeneous production function线性齐次生产函数long run 长期long run average cost 长期平均成本long run equilibrium 长期均衡long run industry supply curve 长期产业供给曲线long run marginal cost 长期边际成本long run total cost 长期总成本Lorenz curve 洛伦兹曲线loss minimization 损失极小化lump sum tax 一次性征税luxury 奢侈品M 45macroeconomics 宏观经济学marginal benefit 边际收益marginal cost 边际成本marginal cost pricing 边际成本定价marginal cost of factor 边际要素成本marginal period 市场期marginal physical productivity 边际实物生产率marginal product 边际产量marginal product of capital 资本的边际产量marginal product of labour 劳动的边际产量marginal productivity 边际生产率marginal rate of substitution 边际替代率marginal rate of transformation 边际转换率marginal returns 边际回报marginal revenue 边际收益marginal revenue product 边际收益产品marginal revolution 边际革命marginal social benefit 社会边际收益marginal social cost 社会边际成本marginal utility 边际效用marginal value products 边际价值产品market clearance 市场出清market economy 市场经济market equilibrium 市场均衡market failure 市场失灵market mechanism 市场机制market structure 市场结构market separation 市场分割market regulation 市场调节market share 市场份额markup pricing 加减定价法Marshallian demand function 马歇尔需求函数maximization 最大化microeconomics 微观经济学minimum wage 最低工资misallocation of resources 资源误置mixed economy 混合经济monopolistic competition 垄断竞争monopolistic exploitation 垄断剥削monopoly 垄断，卖方垄断monopoly equilibrium 垄断均衡monopoly pricing 垄断定价monopoly regulation 垄断调控monopoly rents 垄断租金monopsony 买方垄断N 17Nash equilibrium 纳什均衡natural monopoly 自然垄断natural resources 自然资源necessary condition 必要条件necessities 必需品net demand 净需求nonconvex preference 非凸性偏好nonconvexity 非凸性nonexclusion 非排斥性nonlinear pricing 非线性定价nonrivalry 非对抗性nonprice competition 非价格竞争nonsatiation 非饱和性non-zero-sum game 非零和对策normal goods 正常品normal profit 正常利润normative economics 规范经济学O 17objective function 目标函数oligopoly 寡头垄断oligopoly market 寡头市场oligopoly model 寡头模型opportunity cost 机会成本optimal choice 最佳选择optimal consumption bundle 消费束optimal resource allocation 最佳资源配置optimal scale 最佳规模optimal solution 最优解optimization 优化ordering of optimization (social) preference （社会）偏好排序ordinal utility 序数效用ordinary goods 一般品output 产出output elasticity 产出弹性output maximization 产出极大化P 68parameter 参数Pareto criterion 帕累托标准Pareto efficiency 帕累托效率Pareto improvement 帕累托改进Pareto optimality 帕累托优化Pareto set 帕累托集partial derivative 偏导数partial equilibrium 局部均衡patent 专利pay off matrix 收益矩阵、支付矩阵perceived demand curve 感觉到的需求曲线perfect competition 完全竞争perfect complement 完全互补品perfect monopoly 完全垄断perfect price discrimination 完全价格歧视perfect substitution 完全替代品perfect inelasticity 完全无弹性perfect elasticity 完全有弹性plant size 工厂规模point elasticity 点弹性positive economics 实证经济学Post Hoc Fallacy 后此谬误prediction 预测preference 偏好preference relation 偏好关系present value 现值price adjustment model 价格调整模型price ceiling 最高限价price consumption curve 价格消费曲线price control 价格管制price difference 价格差别price discrimination 价格歧视price elasticity of demand 需求价格弹性price elasticity of supply 供给价格弹性price floor 最低限价price maker 价格制定者price rigidity 价格刚性price seeker 价格搜求者price taker 价格接受者private benefit 私人收益principal-agent issues 委托－代理问题private cost 私人成本private goods 私人用品private property 私人财产producer equilibrium 生产者均衡producer theory 生产者论product transformation curve 产品转换曲线product differentiation 产品差异product group 产品集团production contract curve 生产契约曲线production efficiency 生产效率production function 生产函数production possibility curve 生产可能曲线productivity 生产率productivity of capital 资本生产率productivity of labour 劳动生产率profit function 利润函数profit maximization 利润最大化property rights 产权property rights economics 产权经济学proposition 定理proportional demand curve 成比例的需求函数public benefits 公共收益public choice 公共选择public goods 公共商品pure competition 纯粹竞争pure exchange 纯交换pure monopoly 纯粹垄断Q 3quantity-adjustment model 数量调整模型quantity tax 从量税quasi-rent 准租金R 18rate of product transformation 产品转换率rationality 理性reaction function 反应函数regulation 调节，调控relative price 相对价格rent 租金rent seeking 寻租rent seeking economics 寻租经济学resource 资源resource allocation 资源配置returns 报酬、回报returns to scale 规模报酬revealed preference 显示性偏好revenue 收益revenue curve 收益曲线revenue function 收益函数revenue maximization 收益最大化ridge line 脊线S 43satiation 饱和，满足saving 储蓄scarcity 稀缺性law of scarcity 稀缺法则second-degree price discrimination 二级价格歧视second derivative 二阶导数second-order condition 二阶条件service 劳务shadow prices 影子价格short-run 短期short-run cost curve 短期成本曲线short-run equilibrium 短期均衡short-run supply curve 短期供给曲线shut down decision 关闭决策shortage 短缺shut down point 关闭点single price monopoly 单一定价垄断slope 斜率social benefit 社会收益social cost 社会成本social indifference curve 社会无差异曲线social preference 社会偏好social security 社会保障social welfare function 社会福利函数socialism 社会主义solution 解space 空间stability 稳定性stable equilibrium 稳定的均衡Stackelberg model 斯塔克尔贝格模型static analysis 静态分析stock 存量stock market 股票市场strategy 策略subsidy 补贴substitutes 替代品substitution effect 替代效应substitution parameter 替代参数sufficient condition 充分条件supply schedule 供给表Sweezy model 斯威齐模型symmetry 对称性symmetry of information 信息对称T 16tangency 相切technical efficiency 技术效率technological constraints 技术约束technological progress 技术进步third-degree price discrimination 第三级价格歧视total cost 总成本total effect 总效应total expenditure 总支出total fixed cost 总固定成本total product 总产量total revenue 总收益total utility 总效用total variable cost 总可变成本traditional economy 传统经济transitivity 传递性transaction cost 交易费用U 8uncertainty 不确定性uniqueness 唯一性unit elasticity 单位弹性unstable equilibrium 不稳定均衡utility index 效用指数utility maximization 效用最大化utility possibility curve 效用可能性曲线utility possibility frontier 效用可能性前沿V 8value judge 价值判断value of marginal product 边际产量价值variable cost 可变成本variable input 可变投入variables 变量vector 向量visible hand 看得见的手vulgar economics 庸俗经济学W 8wage rate 工资率Walras general equilibrium 瓦尔拉斯总体均衡Walras's law 瓦尔拉斯法则Wants 需要Welfare criterion 福利标准Welfare economics 福利经济学Welfare loss triangle 福利损失三角形Welfare maximization 福利最大化Z 4zero cost 零成本zero elasticity 零弹性zero homogeneity 零阶齐次性zero economic profit 零利润。
项目管理专用中英文术语词汇
1、活动，Activity2、活动定义，Activity Definition3、活动描述/说明，AD=Activity Description4、活动历时估算，Activity Duration Estimating5、箭线网络图（双代号网络图），AOA=Activity-On-Arrow6、节点式网络图（单代号网络图），AON=Activity-on-Node7、已执行工作实际成本，ACWP=Actual Cost of Work Performed8、实际完成日期，AF=Actual Finish Date9、实际开始日期，AS=Actual Start Date10、行政收尾，Administrative Closure11、箭线，Arrow12、箭线图示法，ADM=Arrow Diagramming Method13、逆推计算法，Backward Pass14、横道图，Bar Chart15、基准计划，Baseline16、完工预算，BAC=Budget At Completion17、概算，Budget Estimate18、已执行预算成本，BCWP=Budgeted Cost of Work Performed19、计划执行预算成本，BCWS= Budgeted Cost of Scheduled20、日历单位，Calendar Unit 21、变更控制委员会，CCB=Chang Control Board22、沟通规划，Communications Planning23、并行工程，Concurrent Engineering24、意外费用，Contingencies25、意外准备金，contingency Allowance26、意外规划，Contingency Planning27、意外储备，Contingency Reserve28、合同，Contract29、合同管理，Contract Administration30、合同收尾，Contract Close-out31、控制，Control32、控制图，Control Chart33、纠正措施，Corrective Action34、费用预算，Cost Budgeting35、费用控制，Cost Control36、费用做算，Cost Estimating37、质量成本，Cost of Quality38、费用绩效指数，CPI=Cost Performance Index39、费用偏差，CV=Cost Variance40、赶工，Crashing41、关键工序，Critical Activity42、关键路线，Critical Path43、关键路线法，CPM=Critical Path Method44、当前完成日期，Current Finish Date45、当前开始日期，Current Start Date46、数据日期，DD=Data Date47、交付物，Deliverable48、依赖关系，Dependency49、虚活动，Dummy Activity50、延续时间，DU=Duration51、延续时间压缩，Duration Compression52、最早完工日期，EF=Early Finish Date53、最早开始日期，ES=Early Start Date54、挣值法，EV=Earned Value55、挣值分析，Earned Value Analysis56、人工量，Effort57、估算，概算，Estimate58、在完成时的费用估算，EAC=Estimate At Completion59、到完成时的估算，ETC=Estimate To Complete60、单节点事件图，Event-on-Node61、例外报告，Exception Report62、完成日期，Finish Date63、完成到完成关系，FF=Finish-to-Finish 64、完成到开始关系，FS=Finish-to-Start65、时差，机动时间，浮动时间，Float66、顺推计算法，Forward Pass67、自由时差，FF=Free Float68、职能经理，Functional Manager69、职能组织，Functional Organization70、甘特图，Gantt Chart71、图解评审技术，GERT=Graphical Evaluation and Review Technique72、集合工作，Hammock73、悬摆，Hanger74、信息分发，Information Distribution75、立项，Initiation76、成本/进度综合报告，Integrated Cost/Schedule Reporting77、邀标，IFB= Invitation for Bid78、关键事件进度计划，Key Event Schedule79、滞后量，Lag80、最晚完成日期，LF=Late Finish Date81、最晚开始日期，LS=Late Start Date82、提前量，Lead83、全生命期成本估算，Life-cycle Costing84、产品经理，Line Manager85、逻辑图，Logic Diagram86、逻辑关系，Logical Relationship87、回路，Loop88、管理储备量，Management Reserve89、主进度计划，Master Schedule90、矩阵型组织，Matrix Organization91、里程碑，Milestone92、里程碑进度计划，Milestone Schedule93、现代项目管理，MPM=Modern Project Management94、监控，Monitoring95、蒙托卡罗分析，Monte Carlo Analysis96、次关键工作，Near-Critical Activity97、网络，Network98、网络分析，Network Analysis99、网络逻辑，Network Logic100、网络路线，Network Path101、节点，Node102、组织分解结构，OBS=Organizational Breakdown Structure103、组织规划，Organizational Planning104、整体变更控制，Overall Change Control105、重叠，Overlap 106、参数估算法，Parametric Estimating107、线路，Path108、线路时差，Path Float109、完成百分比，PC=Percent Complete110、执行报告，Performance Reporting111、执行机构，Performing organization112、计划评审技术图，PERT Chart113、计划的完成日期，PF=Planned Finish Date 114、计划的开始日期，PS=Planned Start Date115、优先图示法，PDM=Precedence Diagramming Method116、优先关系，Precedence Relationship117、紧前工作，Predecessor Activity118、采购规划，Procurement Planning119、工程，Program120、计划评审技术，PERT=Program Evaluation and Review Technique121、项目，Project122、项目许可证，Project Charter123、项目沟通管理，Project Communication Management124、项目费用管理，Project Cost Management125、项目人力资源管理，Project Human Resource Management126、项目综合管理，Project Integration Management127、项目生命周期，Project Life Cycle128、项目管理，PM=Project Management129、项目管理知识体系，PMBOK=Project Management Body of Knowledge130、项目管理软件，Project Management Software131、项目管理团队，Project Management Team132、项目经理，PM=Project Manager133、项目网络图，Project Network Diagram134、项目阶段，Project Phase135、项目计划，Project Plan136、项目计划开发，Project Plan Development137、项目计划实施，Project Plan Execution138、项目规划，Project Planning139、项目采购管理，Project Procurement Management140、项目质量管理，Project Quality Management141、项目风险管理，Project Risk Management142、项目进度计划，Project Schedule143、项目范围管理，Project Scope Management144、项目团队成员，Project Team Member145、项目时间管理，Project Time Management146、项目型组织，Project Organization 147、质量保证，QA=Quality Assurance148、质量控制，QC=Quality Control149、质量规划，Quality Planning150、剩余持续时间，RDU=Remaining Duration151、请求建议书，RFP=Request for Proposal152、请求报价单，RFQ=Request for Quotation153、储备量，Reserve154、资源平衡，Resource Leveling155、资源约束进度计划，Resource-Limited Schedule156、资源规划，Resource Planning157、责任分配矩阵，RAM=Responsibility Assignment Matrix158、责任图，Responsibility Chart159、责任矩阵，Responsibility Matrix160、保留金，Retain age161、突发事件，Risk Event162、风险识别，Risk Identification163、风险应对控制，Risk Response Control164、风险应对开发，Risk Response Development165、S曲线，S-Curve166、进度计划，Schedule167、进度计划分析，Schedule Analysis168、进度计划压缩，Schedule Compression169、进度计划控制，Schedule Control170、进度执行指数，SPI=Schedule Performance Index171、进度偏差，SV=Schedule Variance172、计划完成日期，SF=Scheduled Finish Date173、计划开始日期，SS=Scheduled Start Date174、范围，Scope175、范围基准计划，Scope Baseline176、范围变更，Scope Change177、范围变更控制，Scope Change Control178、范围定义，Scope Definition179、范围规划，Scope Planning180、范围验证，Scope Verification181、时差，Slack182、询价，Solicitation183、询价规划，Solicitation184、工作人员招募，Staff Acquisition185、项目相关者，Stakeholder186、开始日期，Start Date187、开始到完成关系，Start-to-Finish188、开始到开始关系，Start-to-Start189、工作说明，SOW=Statement of Work 190、子网，Subnet191、子网络，Subnet Work192、后续工作，Successor Activity193、目标完成日期，TC=Target Completion Date194、目标时度计划，Target Schedule195、任务，Task196、团队建设，Team Development197、团队成员，Team members198、时标网络图，Time-Scaled Network Diagram199、目标完成日期，TF=Target Finish Date200、目标开始日期，Ts=Target Start Date201、总时差，TF=Total Float202、全面质量管理，TQM=Total Quality Management203、权变措施，Workaround204、工作分解结构，WBS=Work Breakdown Structure205、工作包，Work Package项目管理专业术语中英文对照表验收- (Acceptance)指客户检查接受项目交付物的过程。
标识行业专业词汇--中英文
专业词汇Portal 大门入口，门头Façade 正面Backlit 背面打光Color temperature 色温Symmetrical 对称的，匀称的Asymmetrical 不对称的Master plan 整体规划Transverse panel 横向面板Aperture 孔，缝隙Grid 网格Building frame 房屋框架Glazed 光滑的Font 字体Nameplate 铭牌，标示牌Flush 齐平的On a horizontal axis 水平轴中央Mirrored version 镜像版本Matrix 矩阵，模型Comprise 包含Align 排成一行Left/ right justified 向左/右对齐Dealership primary signage 经销商主要标志Optimization 优化Cap height 大写字母高度Intermediate 中间的Joint pattern 接缝图案Technical specification 技术规范/说明Type size 字号Piazza 露天广场Kerning 字距调整Crossbeam 横梁Line spacing 行距Line break 分行符Modular 模块化的Center-justified 居中对齐的Protrude 突出Opaque 不透明的Malt 无光泽的Translucent 透明的，半透明的Anodized aluminum bracket 电镀铝支架Keyhole 锁眼，键孔Elastomer 弹性体Countersunk 埋头孔Bushing 套管，袖衬Han instrument variety body variants 汉仪综艺体变体Acrylic（PMMA）亚克力Silk-screen printing 丝印Blister forming 吸塑成型Light alumina 光亮氧化铝Alloy profile合金型材Anodic oxidation 阳极氧化Built-in electric appliance内置电器Power 功率Voltage 电压Wire embedded/bury 电线预埋Diameter 直径Spot color 专色Beveling gaps 斜切缝隙Double color board 双色板Aluminum-plastic panel 铝塑板Aluminum plasticcomposite panel 铝塑复合板Typeface 字体Setflat process 襄平工艺Supporting plate 支架版Arc 圆弧Dense edge joint 密拼缝Indicating arrow 指示箭头Stainless steel 不锈钢Direction arrow 方向箭头Site logo 场地标识Paster process 贴膜工艺Threaded rod 螺杆Rolling door 卷帘门Sheet metal workshop 钣金车间Cable duct 电缆管道Connecting bolt 连接螺栓Bulkhead 隔板，防水壁Aluminum profile frame 铝型材框架Rigidity 硬度Weld 焊接Module 模组Pedestal 基架，基座Oblong 椭圆形Test drive 试驾New car handover 新车交车处Lady lounge 女士休息区Insurance and claims 保险理赔Painting area 喷漆区Buffer area 待修车停车位Finished car area 竣工车停车位Buffer area for accident 事故车停车位Finished car handover area 竣工交付停车位Body/paint 钣喷区Body tool room 钣金工具室Power supply 配电室\Compressor room 空压机房Color mixing room 调漆室Vehicle stele 车旁展架Free-standing 独立的，不依靠支撑的Mobility platform 移动平台Laminated 层压的，薄板状的Bearing structure for new car 新车销售独立式门牌结构。
信息管理与信息系统专业英语：专业词汇的中英文翻译和具体英文介绍
1. informationInformation, in its most restricted technical sense, is a sequence of symbols that can be interpreted as a message. Information can be recorded as signs, or transmitted as signals. Information is any kind of event that affects the state of a dynamic system. Conceptually, information is the message (utterance or expression) being conveyed. This concept has numerous other meanings in different contexts.[1] Moreover, the concept of information is closely related to notions of constraint, communication, control, data, form, instruction, knowledge, meaning, mental stimulus, pattern, perception, representation, and especially entropy.(信息,在其最受限制的技术意义上,是一个序列的符号,可以被解释为一个消息。
信息可以被记录为标志,或传输信号。
信息是任何类型的事件,影响一个动态系统的状态。
从概念上讲,信息是信息(话语或表达式)的表达。
这一概念具有许多其他在不同语境下的含义。
[1]此外,信息的概念密切相关的概念约束、通信、控制、数据、形式、指令、知识、意义,精神刺激,模式,感知的代表性,尤其是熵。
AP考试Statistics专业词汇中英文对照
AP考试Statistics专业词汇中英文对照据360教育集团介绍：以下是对AP的探索性数据、抽样和实验设计的词汇中英文对照。
Part 1 exploring data (探索性数据分析)Frequency-频数 relative frequency-相对频数cumulative frequency-累积频数symmetric distribution-对称分布left-skewed distribution- 左偏分布right-skewed distribution-右偏分布clusters and gaps-集群和缺口 outlier-异常值mean-均值 median-中位数 range-极差quartiles -四分位数 interquartile range- 四分位差percentile- 百分位数 standard deviation-标准差standardized scores(z-scores)-标准计分correlation coefficient-相关系数Pearson‘s correlation coefficient-皮尔逊相关系数 (这只是两种说法，实际等价) Least squares regression line--最小二乘回归线Dependent variable--因变量 independent variable--自变量Predicted value--预测值 the coefficient of determination-判定系数Influential observation-有影响的观测值Residual plot--残差图Part 2 sampling and experimentation(抽样和实验设计)Population--总体 sample--样本 sample survey--抽样调查Census-普查experiment -实验设计 observational study--观测研究biased sampling--有偏抽样judgmental sampling--判断抽样samples of convenience--方便样本volunteer samples--自愿样本simple random sampling--简单随机抽样systematic sampling--系统抽样stratified random sampling--分层抽样proportional sampling--比率抽样cluster sampling--整群抽样sampling error--抽样误差response bias--回答偏差nonresponse bias--无回答偏差undercoverage bias--覆盖不全偏差wording effect bias--措辞偏差experimental unit--实验单位 observational unit--观测单位confounding variable --混淆变量factor--因子 treatment--处理control group--控制组 placebo group--安慰剂组single-blind experiments--单盲实验double-blind experiments--双盲实验randomization--随机化blocking(block)--区组replication--复制，重复completely randomized design--完全随机设计randomized block design--随机区组设计matched-pairs design--配对设计Part 3 anticipating patternsProbability--概率 sample space--样本空间Tree diagram--树形图Impossible events--不可能事件Sure events--必然事件Complement of an event--事件的补事件Disjoint or mutually exclusive events--互斥事件Conditional event--条件事件 independence--独立Random variable--随机变量Discrete random variable--离散型随机变量Continuous random variable--连续性随机变量Probability distribution of a discrete random variable-离散型随机变量的概率分布Cumulative distribution function--累积分布函数Expected value--期望值，数学期望Probability distribution of a continuous random variable-离散型随机变量的概率分布Parameter--参数 statistics--统计量Sampling distribution--抽样分布Central limit theorem--中心极限定理Part 4 statistical inference 统计推断Estimation process--估计过程 estimate--估计值Point estimation--点估计 interval estimation--区间估计Margin of error--误差界限Confidence interval--置信区间 confidence level--置信水平Significance--显著性Statistical hypothesis--统计假设Null hypothesis--零假设，原假设Alternative hypothesis--备择假设Test statistics--检验统计量Type I error--第一类错误 type II error--第二类错误Rejection region--拒绝域 nonrejection region--非拒绝域Critical value--临界值Left-tailed test--左尾检验Right-tailed test--右尾检验Two-tailed test--双尾检验Sample size--样本容量Student’s t distribution--学生t分布Chi-square distribution--卡方分布Goodness of fit --拟合优度。
有关质量的专业术语中英文解释
有关质量的专业术语中英文解释质量qua1ity：一组固有特性满足要求的程度；注：1术语“质量”可使用形容词，如：差、好、或优秀来修饰。
2.“固有的”（其反义是“赋予的”）是指本来就有的，尤其指永久的特性。
要求requirement：明示的、通常隐含的或必须履行的需求或期望；注：1“通常隐含的”是指组织、顾客和其他相关方的惯例或一般的做法，所考虑的需求或期望是不言而喻的。
2.特定要求可使用限定词表示，如：产品要求、质量管理体系要求、顾客要求。
3.规定要求是经明示的要求，如:在文件中阐明。
4.要求可由不同的相关方提出。
等级grade：对功能用途相同的产品、过程或体系所作的不同质量要求的分类或分级。
注：在确定质量要求时，等级通常是规定的。
顾客满意customersatisfaction：顾客对其要求已被满足程度的感受。
注：1顾客抱怨是一种满意程度低的最常见的表达方式，但没有抱怨并不一定表明顾客很满意。
2.即使规定的顾客要求符合顾客的愿望并得到满足，也不一定确保顾客很满,用'O能力ComPetence：经证实的应用知识和技能的本领。
注:1.在本标准中，所定义的能力的概念是通用的。
在ISo其他的文件中，本词汇的使用可能更加具体。
2.在GB/T19000族标准中，术语能力(capabi1ity)特指组织、体系或过程的“能力”。
有关管理的术语体系(系统)system:相互关联或相互作用的一组要素。
管理体系managementsystem：建立方针和目标并实现这些目标的体系。
注：一个组织的管理体系可包括若干个不同的管理体系，如质量管理体系、财务管理体系或环境管理体系。
质量管理体系qua1itymanagementsystem：在质量方面指挥和控制组织的管理体系。
质量方针qua1itypo1icy：由组织的最高管理者，正式发布的关于质量方面的全部意图和方向。
注：1.通常质量方针与组织的总方针相一致并为制定质量目标提供框架。
语言学专业词汇中英文对照版
语言学术语（英-汉对照）表appropriateness适宜性得体性broadening词义扩大Aapproximant无摩擦延续音Browncorpus布朗语料库abbreviation缩写词，略语aptitudetest素质测试Cablative夺格，离格Arabic阿拉伯语calculability可计算性accent重音（符）arbitrariness任意性calque仿造仿造词语accusative宾格argument中项中词主目cancellability可删除achievementtest成绩测试article冠词cardinalnumeral基数acousticphonetics声学语音学articulation发音cardinalvowel基本元音acquisition习得articulator发音器官case格acronym缩略语articulatoryphonetics发音语音学casegrammar格语法actionprocess动作过程artificialspeech人工言语casetheory格理论actor动作者aspect体category范畴addressform称呼形式aspirated吐气送气categoricalcomponent范畴成分addressee受话人assimilation同化causative使役的使投动词addresser发话人associative联想center中心词adjective形容词associativemeaning联想意义centraldeterminer中心限定词adjunct修饰成分附加语assonance准压韵半谐音chainrelation链状关系adverb副词attributive属性修饰语定语chainsystem链状系统affix词缀auditoryphonetics听觉语音学choice选择affixation词缀附加法authenticinput真实投入choicesystem选择系统affricate塞擦音authorialstyle权威风格circumstance环境因子agreement一致关系authoringprogram编程class词类airstream气流autonomy自主性classshift词性变换alliteration头韵auxiliary助词clause小句从句allomorph词/语素变体auxiliaryverb助动词click吸气音咂音allophone音位变体Bclipping截断法allophonicvariation音位变体babblingstage婴儿语阶段closedclass封闭类allophony音位变体现象back-formation逆构词法closedsyllable闭音节alveolarridge齿龈basecomponent基础部分cluster音丛alveolar齿龈音behaviouralprocess行为过程coarticulation协同发音ambiguity歧义behaviourism行为主义coda结尾音节符尾analogicalcreation类推造字bilabial双唇音code语码信码anapest抑抑扬格bilabialnasal双唇鼻音cognitivepsychology认知心理学anaphor前指替代bilateralopposition双边对立cognitivesystem认知系统anaphoricreference前指照应bilingualism双语现象coherence相关关联animate有生命的binarydivision二分法cohension衔接annotation注解binaryfeature二分特征co-hyponym同下义词antecedent先行词前在词binarytaxonomy二分分类学colligation类连结anthropologicallinguistics人类语言binding制约collocativemeaning搭配意义学bindingtheory制约论colorword色彩词anticipatorycoarticulation逆化协同blade舌叶舌面前部colorwordsystem色彩词系统发音blankverse无韵诗command指令antonomasia换称代类名blending混成法commoncore共核antonym反义词borrowing借用借词commonnoun普通名词antonymy反义(关系)boundmorpheme粘着语素communication交际appellative称谓性boundingtheory管辖论communicativecompetence交际能appliedlinguistics应用语言学bracketing括号法力appliedsociolinguistics应用社会语brevitymaxim简洁准则communicativedynamism,CD交际言学bridging架接性动力appropriacy适宜性broadtranscription宽式音标communicativelanguageteaching,CLT交际语言教学法consequent跟随成分cross-linguistic跨语言的communicativeSentencePattern,CSPconsonance辅音韵culturally-specific文化特异的交际性句子模式consonant辅音curriculum教学大纲communicativesyllabus交际教学大constantopposition不变对立customizing定制的纲constative表述的Dcommunicativetest交际性测试constituentcommand成分指令dactyl扬抑抑格communicative-grammaticalapproachconstituentproposition成分命题Danilanguage达尼语交际-语法教学法constituentstructureanalysis成分结dataretrieval,DR资料检索compactdisk激光盘database数据库构分析comparativedegree比较级constituent成分dative(case)与格competence能力construct编制dativemovement与格移动complement补语constructvalidity编制效度declarative陈述句complementaryantonym互补反义词construction构建decoding解码complementaryantonymy互补反义constructivism构建主义deductive演绎的关系contentanalysis内容分析deepstructure深层结构complementarydistribution互补分contentvalidity内容效度defeasibility消除可行性布contentword实义词definite有定的complexpredicate复合谓语contextdependent语境依赖的degeneratedata无用的语料component成分contextofsituation情景语境deixis指称componentialanalysis成分分析context语境delicacy精密阶compositeproposition复合命题contextualanalyses语境分析denotation外延指称compositionality复合性contextualmeaning语境意义dental齿音compound复合词复合句contrastiveanalysis对比分析dentalization齿音化comprehension理解controltheory控制理论derivation衍生computation计算controlledlanguage有控制的语言derivationalaffix衍生词汇computationallinguistics计算语言学convention常规规约derivationalmorphology派生形态学computationalsystem计算系统conventionalmeaning常规意义规约descriptiveadequacy描写充分性computer-assistedlearning,CAL计算descriptivelinguistics描写语言学意义机辅助学习conventionality常规性规约性designfeature结构特征computercorpus计算机语料库conversationalimplicature会话含义determiner限定词computerhardware计算机硬件conversationalmaxim会话准则developinggrammar发展语法computerliteracy计算机操作能力converseantonymy相反反义现象deviant变体computernetworks计算机网络conversion变换deviation偏离变异computersystem计算机系统cooperativeprinciple,CP合作原则devoicing清音化computer-assistedinstruction,CAI计coordinateconstruction并列结构diachroniclinguistics历时语言学算机辅助教学coordination并列diachronic历时的computer-assistedlearning,CALL计算coreferential互参的diacritic附加符号变音符机辅助语言学习coronal舌面前音diagnostictest诊断性测试conative意动的corpusdata语料库语料dialect方言concept概念corpus(plcorpora)语料素材dialectology方言学conceptualmeaning概念意义corpuslinguistics语料库语言学digitizedsound数字化语音concord一致（关系）context上下文dimetre二音步诗行concordance共现关系countable可数（名词）diphthong二合元音双元音concretenoun具体名词counterfactualproposition反事实命directobject直接宾语concurrent同时发生的directspeech,DS直接言语题conjugation词形变化couplet对句对联directthought,DT直接思想conjunct连接副词creativity创造性原创性directionality方向性conjunction连接词Creole克里澳尔语混和语discourse语篇话语conjunctionbuttressing连接词支撑cross-culturalcommunication跨文化discourseanalysis语篇分析话语分析connotation内涵discourseinterpretation语篇理解交际discrete分离的离散的finite有定的有限的民族学discrete-pointgrammar离散语法etic非位的素的finitestategrammar有限状态语discretepointtest分立性测试eventprocess事件过程法disjunction分离关系example-basedmachinetranslationfirst-personnarrator第一人称叙述displacement移位基于例句的机器翻译者dissimilation异化（作用）exchangeerror交换错误Firthianphonology弗斯音系学distinctivefeature区别性特征exchangesequence交际序列flap闪音distinguisher辩义成分exchangestructure交际结构flexibility灵活性变通性do-insertionruledo添加规则exhaustive穷尽的彻底的floppydisk软盘domain范围领域existent存在物focus焦点中心dorsal舌背音舌中音existential存在句folketymology俗词源学民间词源dorsum舌背（音）existentialprocess存在过程foregroundedfeatures突出特征doublecomparative双重比较existentialquantifier存在数量词foregrounding突出前景话drill-and-practicesoftware操练软件exocentric外向的foreignlanguageteaching外语教D-structureD结构exocentricconstruction外向结构学dual双数experiential经验的form形式dualisticview二分观点experientialfunction经验功能formaldifference形式差异duality二重性experimentalpsycholinguistics实验formalization形式化Eformation形成心理语言学earlyModernEnglish早期现代英语explanatoryadequacy解释充分性formative构形成分构词成分economy经济性简洁性explicitgrammarinstruction,EGI明freeform自由形式ejective爆发音freeindirectspeech,FIS自由间接言显的语法教学法electronicmail电子邮件expressionminimization表达最底程语ElizabethanEnglish伊利莎白时期英freeindirectthought,FIT自由间接思度语expressive表达的想ellipsis省略（法）extendedstandardtheory,EST扩展freemorpheme自由语素ellipticalsentencestructure省略句子freerootmorpheme自由词根语标准理论结构extensive引申的扩展的素embeddedelement嵌入成分extent-conditionformat程度条件格freevariant自由变体emic位学的freeverse自由韵文式emotive感情的externalevaluation外部评估French法语empirical经验主义的externalqualifier外部修饰语frequencyeffect频率效应empiricaldata经验主义的语料extrinsicsourcesoferror外在的错误fricative（摩）擦音empiricalvalidity经验效度friction摩擦来源empiricism经验主义eyemovement眼部移动front舌面前舌前的emptycategory,EC空范畴Ffullyautomatichighqualitytranslation,enablingskills使成技能化facevalidity卷面效度FAHQT全自动高质量翻译encoding编码facilitation便利促进functionword功能词endrhyme末端韵Fasoldfunction功能endocentricconstruction内向结构feasibility可行性functionalgrammar功能语法entailment蕴涵feature特征functionallinguistics功能语言学entrycondition入列条件feedback反馈functionalsentenceperspective,FSPepenthesis插音增音felicitycondition适宜性条件恰当条功能句子观equipollentopposition均等对立functionsoflanguage语言功能件equivalence相等feminine阴性fusion溶合equivalencereliability相等信度fiction小说fuzzy模糊的erroranalysis错误分析figurativelanguage比喻性语言象征GEST科技英语genderdifference性别差异性语言ethnicityidentity民族认同figuresofspeech修辞手段修辞格generallinguistics普通语言学ethnographyofcommunication交际finiteelement有定成分generalisation概括generativegrammar生成语法historicallinguistics历史语言学indicative陈述式陈述语气generativesemantics生成语言学holophrasticstage单词句阶段indirectobject间接宾语genitive属格所有格homonym同音/形异议词indirctspeech,IS间接言语genre体裁语类HopiHopi语indirectthought,IT间接思想German德语horizontalrelation链状关系Indo-Europeanlanguages印欧语given(information)已给信息Hornscale霍恩阶言globaltask整体任务humancognitivesystem人类认知系inference推论推理glottal喉音inferencedrawing推论统glottalstop喉塞音humanlanguage人类语言inferentialcommunication推论交goal目标humanspeech人类言语际governmenttheory支配理论humantranslation人译infinitive不定式government支配hypercorrection矫枉过正infix中缀grammaticalanalysis语法分析hyponym下义词inflection屈折（变化）grammaticalfunction;;hyponymy下义关系inflectionalaffix屈折词缀grammaticalstructure语法结构hypothesis假设inflectionalmorphology屈折形态gradableantonymy分等级的反义关hypothesis-deduction假设-演绎学系Iinflectiveendings屈折结尾gradualopposition渐次对立iamb抑扬格informationretrieval信息检索grammaticalcategory语法范畴iambicpentameter抑扬格五音步诗informationstructure信息结构grammaticalconcept语法概念informative(function)信息功行grammaticaldescription语法描写ICanalysis直接成分分析法能grammaticalform语法形式ICALL(intelligentCALL)智能计算机innateness先天性grammaticalmarker语法标记innatenesshypothesis（语法）天赋辅助语言学习grammaticalmeaning语法意义ideational(function)概念功假设grammaticalorganization语法组input输入能成identifying认同的inputhypothesis语言输入说grammaticalpattern语法类型idiom成语习语instrumental(function)工具功grammaticalprocess语法过程idiomatically-governed习语支配能grammaticalrule语法规则integrativetest综合性测试的grammaticalsentencepattern,GSPill-formedsentences不合适的句intensifier强调成分语法句形子intensive强调的增强的grammaticalstructure语法结illocutionaryact话中行为施为性行interactional(function)交互功构为能grammaticalsubject语法主语illocutionaryforce言外作用施为作interdental齿间音grammaticalsystem语法系统interface界面用grammaticalword语法词imaginative(function)想象功能interference干扰graphiticform文字形式immediacyassumption即时假定interjection感叹词GriceanmaximGrice准则immediateconstituentanalysis直接interlanguage中介语group词组interlingua国际语成分分析法guttural腭音imperativerule祈使规则interlingualapproach语际法Himperative祈使语气命令的interlocutor会话者half-rhyme半韵implicate意含internalevaluation内部评估hardpalate硬腭implication蕴涵含义internalstructure内部结构head中心词中心成分implicationconnective蕴涵连接internationalphoneticalphabet,IPA headedconstruction中心结构implicature含义言外之意国际音标heptameter七音步诗行impliedmeaning蕴涵意义internet互联网hierarchicalstructure等级结构implosive内破裂音内爆音interpersonal人际的hierarchicalsystem等级系统inanimate无生命的interpersonalfunction人际功hierarchy等级体系inclusivenessrelation内包意义能high高（元音）indefinite不定的，无定的interpretation解释interrogativesentence疑问句langue语言（系统）loantranslation翻译借词intonation语调larynx喉头loanblend混合借词intra-linguisticrelation语言内关系lateral边音旁流音loanshift转移借词intransitive不及物的Latin拉丁语loanword借词intrinsicsourcesoferror错误的内Latingrammar拉丁语法localareanetworks,LAN局域网源laxvowel松元音locutionaryact发话行为，表述性言invariableword不变词length长度音长语行为invention新创词语letter字母logicalcomponent逻辑成分inversion倒置，倒装level层，级，平面logicalconnective逻辑连词IPAchart国际音标图Levinson,Stephenlogicalformcomponent逻辑式成IPSsymbol国际音标符号lexeme词位词素分irony讽刺反话lexicalambiguity词汇歧义logicalformrepresentation逻辑式表isolatedopposition孤立对立lexicalchange词汇变化达Italian意大利语lexicallevel词汇层logicalformula逻辑公式Jlexicalmeaning词汇意义logicalfunction逻辑功能Japanese日语lexicalmorphology词汇形态学logicalsemantics逻辑语义学jargon黑话行语lexicalstudies词汇研究logicalstructure逻辑结构Jesperson,Ottolexicalword词汇词logicalsubject逻辑主语Johnson&Johnsonlexicogrammar词汇语法logophoricity词照应Johnsonlexicon词汇词典LondonSchool伦敦学派Jones,Daniellexis词longvowed长元音Kliaison连音连续lossofsound语音脱落kernelsentence核心句limerick打油诗loudness响度keyword关键词line诗行Mknowledge知识linearphonology线性音系学machinetranslation机器翻knowninformation已知信息linearstructure线形结构译Krashenlinguisticuniversity语言普遍性macrolinguistics宏观语言学Kruszewski,Mikolajlinguisticbehaviour语言行为macroproposition宏观命题Kuno,Susumolinguisticbehaviourpotential语言行macrostructure宏观结构Lmainclause主句为潜势label标示标记linguisticcompetence语言能Malinowski,Bronislawlabial唇音man-machinesymbiosis人机共生力labiodental唇齿音linguisticcontext语言语境上下文mannermaxim方式准则language语言linguisticdata语言素材mannerofarticulation发音方式languageacquisitiondevice,LAD语linguisticdescription语言描写marked标记的言习得机制linguisticdeterminism语言决定masculine阳性languageattitude语言态度matalinguistic元语言学的论languagechoice语言选择linguisticfacts语言事实material(process)物质过程languagecomprehension语言理linguisticrelativity语言相对性mathematicalprinciples数学原解linguisticsexism语言性别歧视理languagedata语言素材linguisticstructure语言结构maxim准则languagelearning语言学习linguistictheory语言理论maximalonsetprinciple最大节首辅languagemaintenance语言维护linguisticunit语言单位音原则languageprocessing语言处理linguisticuniversal语言普遍meaningpotential意义潜languagestructure语言结构性势languagesystem语言系统linguisticvariation语言变异meaningshift转移languageteaching语言教linguistics语言学meaning意学liprounding圆唇化义languageuniversal语言普遍性literallanguage本义语言mental(processs)思维过程心理过languageuse语言使用literarystylistics文学文体学程mentalism心灵主义node节变化message信息mothertongue母语本族nominalgroup名词词组metafunction元功能nominalization名词化语metalinguistic元语言的motivation动因动机nominative主格metaphor隐喻move（移动）non-authenticinput非真实语料的输metathesis换位（作用）MT机器翻译入metonymy换喻转喻MTquality机译质量non-contrastiveanalysis非对比性分metre韵律multilateralopposition多边对立析metricalpatterning韵律格式multi-levelphonology多层次音系non-conventionality非规约性microcomputer微机non-detachability非可分离性学microprocessor微处理器multilingualism多语制多语现象non-linearphonology非线性音系mid中（元音）N学mind思维narratee被叙述者non-linguisticentity非语言实体minimalattachmenttheory最少接触narrator叙述者non-pulmonicsound非肺闭塞音理论narrators’representationofspeechnon-reciprocaldiscourse非交替性语minimalpair最小对立体acts,NRSA言语行为的叙述者表篇minimalistprogramnon-reflexivepronoun非反身代词达minimumfreeform最小自由形narrator’respresentationofspeech,nonsensewordstage无意义词语阶式NRS言语的叙述者表达段mirrormaxim镜像准则narrator’respresentationofthoughtnonverbalcues非言语提示mistake错误acts,NRTA思维行为的叙述者表norm规范modalsubject语气主语notationsystem标写系统达modalverb情态动词narrator’repsresentationofthought,notion意念modality情态NRT思维的叙述者表达notional-functionalsyllabus意念功能modernFrench现代法语narrowtranscription窄式音标教学大纲modification修饰narrowing狭窄化nounphrase名词短语modifier修饰语nasal鼻音noun名词monomorphemic单语素的nasalcavity鼻腔numbersystem数字系统monophonemic单音位的nasalsound鼻音number数字monophthong单元音nasalstop鼻塞音Omonosyllabic单音节的nasaltract鼻道object宾语Motaguegrammar蒙太古语法nasality鼻音性object-deletion宾语省略mood语气nasalization鼻音化objectivecase宾格morph形素词素形式Nash,Walterobjectivity客观性morpheme语素词素形nativespeaker操本族语者obligatory强制性素naturallanguage自然语言observationaladequacy观察充分morpheme-exchangeerror词素交错naturalisticdata自然语料性误near-adultgrammar近成人语法abstruction阻塞morphemicshape词素形状negation否定否定结构OCRscanner光学字符阅读器扫描morphemicstructure词素结构negative否定的仪morphemictranscription词素标negativeinterference负面干扰octametre八音步诗行音negativemarker否定标记OldEnglish古英语morphologicalchange形态变化negativetransfer负转移one-placepredicate一位谓语morphologicalrule形态规则neogrammarian新语法学家on-linetranslation在线翻译morphology形态学network网络onomatopoeia拟声词morpho-phonemiccomponent形态networkcomputer网络计算机onset节首辅音音位成分neutralizableopposition可中立对openclass开放类morphophonemics形态音位学opensyllable开音节立morphophonology形态音系学newinformation新信息operationalsystem操作系统morpho-syntacticalchange形态句法newstylistics新文体学operative可操作性operator操作词person人称polysyllabic多音节（词）oppositenessrelation对立关系personal(function)自指性功能polysystemicanalysis多系统分析opposition对立pharyngeal咽头音喉音Portugese葡萄牙语optimalrelevance最适宜关联pharynx喉头positivetransfer正移转option选择phatic(communion)寒暄交谈交感性possessive所有的属有的optional可选择的possiblegrammar可能语言的语谈话oralcavity口腔phone音素音子法oralstop口阻塞音phonematicunit音声单位postalveolar后齿龈音ordinalnumeral序数词phoneme音位post-Bloomfieldianlinguistics后布龙originoflanguage语言起源phoneticalphabet音标菲尔德语言学orthography正字法phoneticformcomponent语音形式postdeterminer后限定词ostensivecommunication直示交post-structuralistview后结构主义观部分际phoneticsimilarity语音相似性点output产出phoneticsymbol语音符号pragmaticinference语用推论overgeneralization过分法则化phonetictranscription标音pragmaticroles语用角色Ppragmatics语用学（法）palatal腭音舌面中音phonetics语音学PragueSchool布拉格学palatal-alveolar腭齿龈音phonologicalanalysis音位分析派palatalization（硬）腭化phonologicalcomponent音位部predeterminer前限定词paradigm聚合体predicatecalculus谓语演算分paradigmaticrelation聚合关phonologicallevel音系层predicatelogic谓语逻辑系phonologicalprocess音位过程predicate谓语paraphrase释义意译phonologicalrepresentation音位表predicator谓语（动）词parole言语predictivevalidity预测效度达partofspeech词类phonologicalrule音位规则pre-editing预先编辑译前加工participant参与者phonologicalstructure音位结构prefix前缀particle小品词语助词phonologicalsystem音位系统pre-modifiedinput预修正的输particulargrammar特定语的语phonologicalvariant音位变体入法phonology音系学premodifier前修饰语partitive部分的部分格phrasalverb短语动词preposition介词passivetransformation被动转phrase短语prepositionalcalculus介词演算换phrasestructure短语结构prepositionallogic介词逻辑passive(voice)被动语态phrasestructuregrammar短语结构prepositionalopposition介词对patterndrilltechnique句型操练语法立法phrasestructurerule,PSrule短语结prepositionalphrase介词短pattern模式构规则语patterning制定模式pidgin皮软语洋泾滨语不纯正外prescriptive规定式pause停顿presupposition前提预设语peak（节）峰Pitch音高声调高低primarycardinalvowel主要基本元perceptualspan感知时距placeofarticulation发音部位音perfectionism完善主义play剧本primarystress主重音第一重音perfective完成体plosion爆破principleofinformativeness信息性performancetest语言运用测试plosive爆破音爆发音原则performance语言运plural复数principleofleasteffort最省力原用pluralism多元主义则performative(verb)行事性动plurality复数形式principleofquantity数量原则词poetic(function)诗学功能privativeopposition表非对立表缺对perlocutionaryact话后行为poetry诗歌立perseverativecoarticulation重复性polymorphemic(word)多语素process过程协同发音词productionerror产生性错误productivity多产性realisation体现R-principle关联原则proficiencytest水平测试recall回忆rulesystem规则系统pro-form代词形式替代形式receivedpronunciation,RP标准发rule-basedapproaches基于规则的programminglanguage编程语言音方法progressive进行体receiver受话者信息接受者rulesoflanguage语言规则progressiveassimilation顺同化recencyeffect近期效应Sprojectionrule投射规则recognition识别samenessrelation相同关系pronominal代词recursion可溯Sanskrit梵文pronoun代词recursive可溯的还原的Sapir-WhorfHypothesis萨丕尔-沃夫pronunciation发音recursiveness递归性假设pronunciationdictionary发音词典reference所指参照Saussure索绪尔pronunciation发音referentialmeaning所指意义scaleofdelicacy精密阶proportionalopposition部分对referentialtheory所指理论schema图式立referential所指的scheme-orientedlanguage面向图式proposition命题reflectedmeaning反映意义的语言prosestyle散文风格reflexive(form)反身形式secondlanguageacquisition第二语prosodicanalysis节律分析超音质分regionaldialect地域方言言习得析register语域secondarycardinalvowel次要基本元psycholinguistics心理语言学regressiveassimilation逆同化音psycholinguistic-sociolinguisticregulatory(function)控制性语言功secondarystress次重音approach心理-社会语言学方法segment音段能psychologicalreality心理现实relationmaxim关系准则selectionrestriction选择限制psychologicalsubject心理主语relationalopposite关系对立selectionalrules选择规则psychologyoflanguage语言心理学relationalprocess关系过程self-reflexive自反身psychometric-structuralistapproachrelativeclause关系分句关系从句semanticassociationnetwork语义关心理测定-结构主义法relativepronoun关系代词联网络pulmonicsound肺闭塞音relativeuninterruptibility相对的非间semanticchange语义变化Putonghua普通话semanticcomponent语义部断性Qrelevancetheory关联理论分Q-basedimplicature基于质量的含reliability信度semanticfeature特征义repetition重复semanticinterpretation语义解释Q-principle质量原则representationalsystem表达系统semanticinterpretativerules语义解quality质representational表达实体释规则量residue剩余成分semanticprocess语义过程restrictedlanguage限制性语言semanticrepresentation语义表达qualitymaxim质量准则retrievalprocess检索过程semanticsentencepattern,SSP语义quantifier数量词retrievalsystem检索系统句型quantitativeanalysis定量分析retroflexsound卷舌音semantictriangle语义三角quantitativeparadigm数量变化表reverserhyme反陨semantics语义学quantitymaxim数量准则revisedextendedstandardtheory,semi-consonant半辅音quatrain四行诗REST修正扩展标准理论semioticsystem符号系统Rrewritingrules重写规则semiotics符号学range范围rheme述位semi-vowel半元音rank级rhetoricalskill修辞技能senserelation意义关系rationalism理性主义rhyme韵韵角压韵sense意义rawdata原始素材rhythm韵律节奏sentence句子R-basedimplicature基于关联的涵Romanalphabetletter罗马字母sentencefragments句子成分义root词根sentencemeaning句义reader读者rootmorpheme词根语素sentencememory句子记忆readingcomprehension阅读理解roundvowel圆元音sentencestress句重音sentencestructure句子结构speechsynthesis言语合成superlativedegree最高级sententialcalculus句子演算spelling拼写,拼法superordinate上坐标词setting场景splitinfinitives分裂的不定式suprasegmentalfeature超语段特征sibilant咝擦音spokencorpus口语语料库surfaceform表层形式sign符号spokenlanguagetranslation口语翻surfacerepresentation表层表达signified所指受指surfacestructure表层结构译signifier能指施指spondee扬扬格syllabicstructure音节结构simile明喻spoonerism首音互换斯本内现象syllabification音节划节simultaneity同时性spread展元音syllable音节singular单数S-structure表层结构syllabusdesign教学大纲设计situationalcontext情景语境stability稳定性syllabus教学大纲situationallevel情景层stabilityreliability稳定性效度syllogism三段论法situationalsyllabus情景教学大纲StandardEnglish标准英语symbol符号situationalvariation情景变异standardtheory标准理论synchronic(linguistics)共时（语言学）slot空缺standardization标准化synonym同义词socialrole社会角色statisticalanalysis统计分析synonymous同义的socialsemiotic社会符号学status地位synonymy同义现象socio-culturalrole社会文化角色stem词干syntacticcomponent句法部分sociolinguisticstudyoflanguage语言stimulus刺激syntacticfeatures句法特征的社会语言学研究stimulus-response刺激反应syntacticfunction句法功能sociolinguisticstudyofsociety社会stop闭塞音syntacticmarker句法标记的社会语言学研究storedknowledge储存知识syntacticprocess句法过程sociolinguistics社会语言学strategicknowledge学习策略知识syntacticrestriction句法限制sociologicalapproach社会学方法stratification层syntacticstructure句法结构softpalate软腭streamofconsciousness意识流syntacticalchange变化solidarity团结stresspattern重音模式syntagmaticrelation组合关系sonnet十四行诗stress重音syntax句法sonorant响音structuralanalysis结构分析systemnetwork系统网络sonorityscale响音阶structural(structuralist)grammar结systemofsigns符号系统sound语音systemofsystems系统的系统构语法soundimage语音图像structuralsyllabus结构教学大纲systemic(grammar)系统语法soundpattern语音模式structuraltest结构测试systemic-functionalGrammar,SFG系soundsegment音段structuralism结构主义统功能语法soundsystem语音系统structuralistlinguistics结构主义语言soundwave音波T学speaker’smeanin说g话者意义structuralistview结构主义观点tacitknowledge默契的知识speech言语style文体风格tagmeme法位speechacttheory言语行为理论stylisticanalysis文体分析tagmemics法位学speechcommunity言语社团stylistics文体学tap一次接触音speechcomprehension言语理解subcategorize次范畴targetlanguage目标语言speechevent言语事件subject主语tautology同义反复冗辞speechfunction言语功能subject-deletion主语省略template模块speechmode言语方式subjectivetest主观性测试tensevowel紧元音speechorgan言语器官subjectivity主观性tense时态speechperception言语感知subjunctivemood虚拟语气testcontent测试内容speechpresentation言语表达subordinateconstruction从属结构testform测试形式speechproduction;言语产生subordination从属testee受试者speechresearch言语研究substitutability替代性testing测试speechrole言语角色substitution替换test-retestreliability一测再测信speechsound语音suffix后缀度tetrameter四音步诗行Uvoicing浊音化，有声化text语篇Unaspirated不松气的vowelglide元音音渡textcomprehension语篇理解underlyingform底层形式vowel元音textencoding语篇编码underlyingrepresentation底层表达Wtextinterpretation语篇解释uninterruptibility非中断性webpage网页textstyle语篇风格universalgrammar,UG普遍语法Wh-interrogative特殊疑问句textualorganization语篇组织universalquantifier普遍限量词womenregister女性语域textual语篇功能universal普遍现象word词theme主位universality普遍性wordclass词类theoreticallinguistics理论语言学universalsoflanguage语言的普遍现wordformation词语形成third-personnarrator第三人称叙述wordgroup词组象者unmarked未标记的wordmeaning词义thoughtpresentation思想表达unroundedvowel非圆元音wordorder词序three-placepredicate三位谓语urbandialectology都市方言学wordrecognition词语识别tone声调音调user用户wordformation词语形成tongueheight舌高user-friendly方便用户的word-for-word逐词翻译tongueposition舌位utterancemeaning语句意义wording措辞tonguetip舌尖utterance语句workingmemorysystem工作记忆系topic主题uvula小舌统tracetheory轨迹论uvular小舌音writing文字traditionalgrammar传统语法writingsystem文字系统transcribed标音Vwrittenlanguage书面语transcription音标标音validity效度writtentext篇章transfer移转variable可变化的Xtransferapproach移转法variableword可变化词X-barTheoryX-bar理论transformation转换variation变异Ytransformationofinterrogation疑问variety变体语体yes/nointerrogative是非问句转换velar软腭音yes/noquestion是非问句transformationalcomponent转换部velarization腭音化Z分、transformationalgrammar转换语velum软口盖zeroform零形式法verb动词transformationalprocess转换过程verbphrase动词短语transformationalrule转换规则verbalcommunication言语交际transformational-generativegrammar,verbalprocess言语过程TGgrammar转换生成语法verbiage言辞transitivity及物性vernacularlanguageeducation本地translation翻译化教育treediagram树形图verticalrelation选择关系trill颤音vocabulary词汇trochee抑扬格长短格vocalcord声带trope转喻隐喻vocalorgan发音器官truthcondition真值条件vocaltract声道truthvalue真值vocative呼格tu/vousdistinction你/您区别voice语态turnlength话语轮次长度voicedconsonant浊辅音turnquantity话语轮次数量voicedobstruent浊塞音turn-taking依次发言voiced(sound)浊音two-placepredicate二位谓语voicelessconsonant清辅音two-wordutterance二词话语voicelessobstruent清塞音typology类型学voiceless(sound)清音。
计算机专业词汇中英文对照
计算机专业词汇中英文对照access 访问address 地址address bus 地址总线address decoder 地址译码器address register (AR) 地址寄存器addressing mode 寻址方式American standard code for information interchange (ASCII) 美国标准信息交换码analog-digital conversion(ADC) 模数转换arbiter 仲裁机构arithmetic logical unit (ALU) 算术逻辑单元assembler 汇编auxiliary storage 辅助存储器binary 二进制binary coded decimal(BCD) 二进制编码的十进制数bit 位block carry look ahead (BCLA) 成组先行进位电路buffer 缓冲bus 总线byte 字节cache 高速缓冲存储器carry generate function 进位产生函数carry propagate function 进位传递函数cathode ray tube (CRT) 阴极射线管central process unit(CPU) 中央处理器channel 通道charge couple device (CCD) 电荷耦合器件compact disc read only memory (CD-ROM) 只读光盘compiler 编译程序complex instruction set computer (CISC) 复杂指令系统计算机computer aided design(CAD) 计算机辅助设计computer aided instruction (CAI) 计算机辅助教学computer aided manufacturing(CAM)计算机辅助制造computer aided test(CAT) 计算机辅助测试computer organization 计算机组成controller 控制器coprocessor 协处理器cyclic redundancy code (CRC) 循环冗余校验码data bus 数据总线data register (DR) 数据寄存器database management system (DBMS) 数据库管理系统database 数据库decimal 十进制deflection coil 偏转线圈desktop computer 台式计算机destination operand 目的操作数digital camera 数字照相机digital-analog conversion (DAC) 数模转换direct memory access (DMA) 直接存储器存取display 显示器dot pitch 点距dots per inch (dpi) 每英寸点数dynamic random access memory (DRAM) 动态随机存储器effective address (EA) 有效地址electrically erasable programmable read only memory(EEPROM) 电擦除可编程只读存储器electronic design automation (EDA) 电子设计自动化erasable programmable read only memory (EPROM) 可擦编程只读存储器even parity 奇校验excess-3 code 余3 码expansion bus speed 扩展总线速度exponent 阶码extended industry standard architecture (EISA) 扩展工业标准结构firmware 固件fixed point numbers 定点数flag register (FR) 标志寄存器floating point numbers 浮点数flow chart 流程图flyback transformer 回转变压器full adder (FA) 全加器general register (GR) 通用寄存器general-purpose computer 通用计算机gray code 格雷码hardware 硬件hexadecimal 十六进制immediate operand 立即数industrial standard architecture(ISA) 工业标准总线ink-jet printer 喷墨打印机input 输入input device 输入设备instruction 指令instruction cycle 指令周期instruction decoder (ID) 指令译码器instruction register(IR) 指令寄存器instruction set 指令系统interface 接口interpreter 解释程序interrupt 中断interrupt flip-flop 中断触发器interrupt mask register (IMR) 中断屏蔽寄存器interrupt priority level 中断优先级interrupt request register (IRR) 中断请求寄存器interrupt response 中断响应interrupt service register (ISR) 中断服务寄存器interrupt source 中断源keyboard 键盘large scale integration (LSI)大规模集成电路laser printer 激光打印机last in first out (LIFO) 后进先出least recently used(LRU) 近期最少使用(算法)light emitting diode (LED) 发光二极管liquid crystal display (LCD) 液晶显示器machine instruction 机器指令machine language 机器语言magnetic disk 磁盘mainframe 大型机，主机mantissa 尾数mean time between failures (MTBF) 平均无故障时间memory 存储器memory bus speed 内存总线速度memory location 存储单元memory management unit (MMU) 存储器管理单元memory size 存储容量microcomputer 微型机microinstruction 微指令microprocessor 微处理器microprogram 微程序million floating point operations per second (MFLOPS) 每秒百万次浮点运算million instructions per second (MIPS) 每秒百万条指令minicomputer 小型机mnemonics 助记符model 模monochrome monitor 单色显示器mouse 鼠标notebook 笔记本object program 目标程序octal 八进制odd parity 偶校验one’s complement 反码operating system (OS) 操作系统operation code (OP) 操作码operand 操作数optical character reader (OCR) 光学字符阅读机optical disk 光盘output 输出output device 输出设备overflow 溢出paged virtual memory 页式虚拟存储器peripheral component interconnect(PCI) 外围设备互联peripheral device 外围设备personal computer (PC) 个人计算机personal digital assistant (PDA) 个人数字助理pipeline 流水线plasma display panel(PDP) 等离子显示器pop 出栈printer 打印机priority 优先权program counter 程序计数器program status word (PSW) 程序状态字寄存器programmable read only memory (PROM) 可编程序的只读存储器programming 程序设计push 进栈random access memory (RAM) 随机存储器read only memory (ROM) 只读存储器reduced instruction set computer (RISC) 精简指令系统refresh 刷新register 寄存器scanner 扫描仪sector 扇区segment virtual memory 段式虚拟存储器shadow masks 点状阴罩software 软件source operand 源操作数source program 源程序special purpose computer 专业计算机stack 堆栈stack pointer (SP) 堆栈指针static random access memory (SRAM) 静态随机存储器string 字符串stylus printer 针式打印机supercomputer 巨型机supply voltage 工作电压track 磁道trigger 触发器true value 真值complementary code 补码very large scale integration(VLSI) 超大规模集成电路virtual memory 虚拟存储器word length 字长work station 工作站write once read many (WORM) 只写一次型(光盘)。
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通信技术相关词汇
GSM: 全球移动通信系统Global System for Mobile Communication
PTT:一键Push to Talk
PSTN:公共交换电话网络 Public Switched Telephone Network
MSC:移动交换中心Mobile Switching Center
BSC:指的是基站控制器Base Station Controller
EIR:设备标识寄存器 Equipment Identity Register
AUC:鉴权中心
HLR:归属位置寄存器Home Location Register
VLR:拜访位置寄存器 Visitor Location Register
VHF:甚高频 Very High Frequency
CDMA:码分多址 Code Division Multiple Access
TDMA:时分多址 time Division Multiple Access
FDMA:频分多址 Frequency Division Multiple Access
SDMA:空分多址 Space Division Multiple Access
TD-SCDMA:时分同步码分多址Time Division-Synchronous Code Division Multiple Access
PHS:个人手持式电话系统,也被称为无线市话，俗称"小灵通"Personal Handy-phone System
MF:调频(Frequency Modulation)习惯上用FM来指一般的调频广播(76-108MHz，在中国为87.5-108MHz、日本为76-90MHz)，事实上FM也是一种调制方式，即使在短波范围内的27-30MHz之间，作为业余电台、太空、人造卫星通讯应用的波段，也有采用调频(FM)方式的。
FM radio即为调频收音机。
AM:调幅AmplitudeModulation 幅度调制是一种广泛使用的模拟调制方式。
正弦载波幅度随调制信号而变化的调制，叫做正弦波幅度调制，简称调幅(AM)。
一般中波广播(MW: Medium Wave) 采用了调幅 (Amplitude Modulation) WCDMA Wideband Code Division Multiple Access网络连接,宽带码分多址(中国联通),。