基于51单片机的自动往返小车设计刘桐

参考文献......................................................................................................................20
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忻州师院计算机系本科学士学位论文
基于 51 单片机的自动往返小车设计
3 自动往返小车硬件设计............................................................................................7 3.1 总体设计..............................................................................................................7 3.2 3.3 4 信号检测模块...................................................................................................7 主控电路...........................................................................................................8
摘 要：自动往返小车，是一种以电子汽车技术为背景，包含小车控制、传感技 术、电子技术、计算机、机械等多学科的科技创意性设计。主要组成模块有以下 几部分：路径识别、行驶时间控制及车速管制等模块组成。 该设计以 51 单片机为唯一主要控制模块，充分利用了自动检测技术、单片 机最小系统、模块电路，以及声光信号的管控、电机的驱动电路。通过 51 单片 机的仿真，通过实践调试与操作，实现小车在直线上的自动往返设计。综合应用 单片机技术、自动控制理论、检测技术等。使小车能在无人操作情况下，借助传 感器辨认路面环境，由单片机主控行进，完成初步的无人控制。 本设计以单片机为核心，附以外围电路，采用光电检测器进行检测信号实现 小车的自动加速、和循线运动。运用单片机的运算和处理能力来加速、减速、急 刹车、掉头、返回、显示行驶路程、行驶时间等智能控制系统。 关键词：51 单片机、检测技术、自动 Abstract ： Automatic car back and forth, it is a kind of electronic automotive technology as the background, containing the car control, sensor technology, electronic technology, computer, machinery, and other multi-disciplinary science and technology creative design. Main composition module has the following several parts: path identification, time control, speed control module, etc. With 51 single-chip microcomputer as the main control module for the design, make full use of the automatic detection technology, module circuit, single chip microcomputer minimum system, as well as the acousto-optic signal control, the motor drive circuit. By 51 MCU simulation, debugging and through practice operation, from design to realize automatic car on a straight line. Integrated application of single-chip computer technology, automatic control theory, detecting technology, etc. Can make the car in the case of unattended operation, with the aid of sensors to identify the road environment, by single-chip microcomputer control, complete preliminary without control. This design with the single chip processor as the core, attached to the peripheral circuit, adopting photoelectric detector for testing signal to achieve the automatic acceleration, and followed the movement of the car. Using single chip microcomputer operation and processing power to acceleration, deceleration, brakes, turn around, return, show the intelligent control system such as travel, travel time. Keywords：51 single-chip microcomputer, automatic detection technology
7 结束语......................................................................................................................18 致 谢......................................................................................................................19
忻 州 师 范 学 院 计算机系本科毕业（设计）论文
课题名称 基于 51 单片机的自动往返 小车设计
专
业 网
络
工
程
姓
名 刘
桐
学
号 2 0 1 2 0 8 5 1 1 0 2 5
指导教师 胡
国

华
二零一六年五月
目
录
1 引 言..........................................................................................................................2 1.1 开发或研究背景及现状.....................................................................................2 1.2 本人主要工作.....................................................................................................3 1.3 论文组织与结构.................................................................................................3 2 系统方案及论证分析..............................................................................................4 2.1 小车车体选择......................................................................................................4 2.2 主控单片机选择.................................................................................................4 2.3 2.4 2.5 电机选择...........................................................................................................5 电源选择...........................................................................................................5 显示设计...........................................................................................................6
3.4 电机驱动电路.....................................................................................................9 系统软件设计..........................................................................................................9 4.1 KEIL 编程软件介绍............................................................................................9 4.2 主程序模块.........................................................................................................9 4.3 电机驱动程序.................................................................................................... 11 4.4 循迹程序...........................................................................................................12 4.5 5 6 系统程序的烧录.............................................................................................13 4.6 PROTEUS.......................................................................................................... 14 测试结果分析........................................................................................................15 结论........................................................................................................................17