定语从句 笔记
初中英语定语从句笔记
定语从句(一)、定义:在复合句中,修饰某一名词或代词的从句叫做定语从句。
定语定语用来限定、修饰名词或代词的,是对名词或代词起修饰、限定作用的词、短语(动词不定式短语、动名词短语和分词短语)或句子,汉语中常用‘……的’表示。
主要由形容词担任,此外,名词,代词,数词,分词,副词,不定式以及介词短语也可以来担任,也可以由一个句子来担任。
单词作定语时通常放在它所修饰的词之前,作前置定语。
短语和从句作定语时则放在所修饰的词之后,作后置定语。
定语从句是指在一个句子中作定语的句子,定语从句要放在所修饰的词后。
如:1) The man who lives next to us is a policeman.2) You must do everything that I do.上面两句中的man和everything是定语从句所修饰的词,叫先行词,定语从句放在先行词的后面。
引导定语从句的词有关系代词that, which, who(宾格who, 所有格whose)和关系副词where, when、why关系词常有三个作用:1、引导定语从句2、代替先行词3、在定语从句中担当一个成分(二)、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在从句中做主语(1)The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2)Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about.注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中常用who代替,可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend.3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys. ( which 在句子中做主语)(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday. ( which 在句子中做宾语)4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
初中英语语法——三大从句汇总(重点笔记)
初中英语语法——三大从句汇总在英语中,主要有三大从句,即名词性从句(包括主语从句,宾语从句,表语从句,同位语从句)、形容词性从句(即定语从句)、副词性从句(即状语从句,包括时间、条件、结果、目的、原因、让步、地点、方式等)。
以下是一些基本的从句的语法知识点A、定语从句专项讲解与训练一、定语从句概念定语从句(attributive clause),顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。
定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。
另外,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从句。
定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称作先行词。
请看示例:The woman who lives next door is a teacher.先行词定语从句在所有的从句中,算定语从句最难掌握,因为汉语里没有定语从句,汉语里只有定语,而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。
常见的关系代词有:who, that, which。
它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示:先行词主格宾格所有格人 who whom whose物 which which whose of which人、物 that that —(一)关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。
例如:An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。
I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the firstyear of my senior middle school.我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。
Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。
初中英语语法——三大从句汇总(重点笔记)
初中英语语法——三大从句汇总A、定语从句专项讲解与训练一、定语从句概念定语从句(attributive clause),顾名思义,就是一个句子作定语从属于主句。
定语一般是由形容词充当,所以定语从句又称作形容词从句。
另外,定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的,故又称作关系从句。
定语从句一般放在它所修饰的名词或代词之后,这种名词或代词被称作先行词。
请看示例:The woman who lives next door is a teacher.先行词定语从句在所有的从句中,算定语从句最难掌握,因为汉语里没有定语从句,汉语里只有定语,而且总是放在名词之前来修饰名词。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句关系代词代替前面的先行词,并且在定语从句中充当句子成分,可以作主语、宾语、定语等。
常见的关系代词有:who, that, which。
它们的主格、宾格和所有格如下表所示:先行词主格宾格所有格人 who whom whose物 which which whose of which人、物 that that —(一)关系代词who, whom和 whose的用法who代替人,是主格,在定语从句中作主语。
例如:An architect is a person who designs buildings. 建筑师是设计房屋的人。
I will never forget the teacher who taught us chemistry in the first year of my senior middle school.我将永远不会忘记在高一时教我们化学的那位老师。
Anyone who wants to apply for this job must send us the resume by email first. 想应聘这个职位的任何人都必须先通过电子邮件向我们发送简历。
whom代替人,是宾格,在定语从句作宾语,在非正式英语常可省略。
九年义务初中英语定语从句笔记重点大全
(每日一练)九年义务初中英语定语从句笔记重点大全单选题1、I can still think of the day ________ I first met my best friend.A.whereB.whichC.in whichD.when答案:D解析:句意:我仍然记得我第一次见到我最好的朋友的那一天。
考查定语从句。
此处含定语从句,先行词是the day,关系词在从句中作时间状语,用when连接,故选D。
2、Parasite became the first non-English best movie _________ has won Oscar in history. A.thatB.whichC.whereD.who答案:A解析:句意:《寄生虫》成为历史上第一部获得奥斯卡最佳影片的非英语电影。
考查定语从句。
先行词movie指物,且被最高级best修饰。
当先行词指物且被最高级修饰时,关系代词只能用that。
故选A。
3、Tim is so clever that he can always understand almost all ________ our English teacher said. A.thatB.whatC.whichD.who答案:A解析:句意:蒂姆非常聪明,我们英语老师说的话几乎都能听懂。
考查定语从句。
that是关系代词,既可以指人又可以指物;what不能引导定语从句;which哪一个,指代物,在定语从句中作主语或宾语;who谁,指代人,在定语从句中作主语或宾语。
根据题干可知,本句的先行词为不定代词all,指代老师说的话,当先行词为不定代词时,关系代词只能用that;故选A。
4、Each of us should remember the valuable experience ________ can help us in the future. A.whatB.whichC.whoD./答案:B解析:句意:我们每个人都应该记住宝贵的经验,这在将来可以帮助我们。
2019定语从句笔记(关代关副)
定语从句I. 功能: 修饰名词、代词,做定语的成分。
她就是那个拥有世界上最长指甲的人。
She is the woman who has the longest fingernails in the world.II. 概念: 被修饰的名词, 词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词引出。
Football is a game which is liked by most boys.先行词关系词练习:判断下列句子是否为定语从句,如果是定语从句,指出先行词和关系词:1) Is he the man who sells eggs?2) She was not on the train which arrived just now.3) She is a natural musician.4) He has fantastic fingernails.III. 分类1. 限制性定语从句例:The winner is the person who can cycle the slowest.2. 非限制性定语从句例:Last Sunday they reached Dalian, where a meeting was to be held.非限制性定语从句特征:定语从句和主句由逗号隔开练习:判断下列各句是限制性定语从句还是非限制性定语从句1) I like the toy which was bought last year.2) This is my sister, who is always careful.3) Don’t talk about the things that are about others.4) We won another gold medal, which is exciting.IV. 关系词关系词通常有下列三个作用:A、引导______从句;B、代替________;C、在定语从句中担当_____.I) 关系代词1. 人做先行词1) 先行词是人, 做主语:that / who例:A doctor is a person who looks after people's health.先行词关系词(在从句中做主语)2) 先行词是人, 做宾语: that / whom例:I like the students whom I teach.先行词关系词(在从句中做宾语)○注:关系词在限制性定语从句中做宾语时可以省略。
定语从句专项笔记总结
定语从句专项笔记总结定语从句专项笔记总结定语从句是由关系代词或关系副词引导的修饰名词或代词的从句,是一种形容词性的从句。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
1.关系代词:who whom whose which that关系代词引导从句,代替先行词,在从句中充当一个成分,如:主语、宾语、定语等,所以在作主语时,动词的数要和先行词的数保持一致。
who----可作主语、宾语,作主语时,只能用who, who作宾语时是非正式This is the man who helped me.whom---作宾语(正式用法),在介词后只能用whom人 This is the man whom I met in the street yesterday. (正式用法)This is the man who I met in the street yesterday. (非正式用法)whose-who的属格形式,用来指人,也可以用来指物that--- 可代替who ,whomWhich----可作主语,宾语物 eg. The watch which was lost has been found.eg. The fish (which) we bought were not freshthat-------可作主语,宾语eg. The letter that I receive was from my father.当关系代词充当介词宾语时,可以把介词提前,也可以不提前,但是在含有介词的动词固定搭配中,介词只能放在原来的位置eg. This is the teacher whom he worked with .This is the teacher with whom he worked .eg. This is the book for which you asked.This is the book which you asked for.eg. This is the pen which he has been looking for. (look for词组中for不能提前)先行词是人时,常用who而不用that 的情况:a. 关系代词在从句中作主语时,多用who,eg. I will pardon him who is honest.b. 先行词为 all one ones anyone those 等时,eg. All who heard the news were excited.c. 在以there be 开头的句子中,eg. There is a girl who wants to see you.d. 当先行词后有较长的修饰语时,eg. He met a boy in the street yesterday who could speak English fluently.先行词指物的特殊情况:1.必须用that的情况:a. 先行词被序数词、形容词的最高级修饰时,eg. This is the first job that I have taken up.This is the most interesting novel that I have ever read.b. 先行词是不定代词,something somebody nothing anything 等或是 all little much 时,eg. There is something that I want to tell you.c. 先行词被all any every each few little no some much only none both either neither 等修饰时,eg. I have read all the books that you lent me.d. 先行词被the only, the last, the very…修饰时,eg. This is the only method we can use.e. 先行词又有人又有物时,eg. They talked about things and persons that they know in the school.f. 主句以who 或which开头时,eg. Who is the old man that speak to you just now ?g. 先行词指物时,且在There be 句型引导的定语从句中,eg. There is a house that has three windows.h. 关系代词作表语时,eg. China is no longer the place that it used to be.2. 必须用which 的情况:a. 个非限制性定语从句,b. 句子末尾的介词提前时,只能用which,c. 关系代词后有插入语时,eg. This is the book which, as I have told you, will help you to improve your English.(这就是我跟你说过的,能帮你学好英语的那本书。
英语定语从句知识点总结笔记
英语定语从句知识点总结笔记定语从句是英语中的一个重要语法结构,用来修饰名词或代词,表示一个名词或代词的性质、特征、状态或情况。
下面是英语定语从句知识点的总结笔记:1. 定语从句的位置:定语从句通常放在被修饰词的后面,而且定语从句和被修饰词之间用冒号或连接词隔开。
2. 定语从句的类型:有两种定语从句:关系代词定语从句和关系副词定语从句。
关系代词定语从句用来修饰名词,而关系副词定语从句用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。
3. 定语从句的规则:定语从句有两个基本规则:a. 用来描述名词或代词:定语从句只能用来描述名词或代词,不能用来修饰动词、形容词或副词。
b. 位置规则:定语从句应该放在被修饰词的后面,而且定语从句和被修饰词之间用冒号或连接词隔开。
4. 关系代词的用法:关系代词用来替代名词或代词,例如:a. her:代替名词“她”。
b. him:代替名词“他”。
c. us:代替名词“我们”。
5. 关系副词的用法:关系副词用来修饰动词、形容词或副词,例如:a. because:因为。
b. however:然而。
c. even:即使。
d. never:从来不。
6. 举例说明:例如:a. The book that you have been reading is very interesting.(你所读的那本书非常有趣。
)b. The man who I met in the store is my friend.(我在商店遇到的那个男人是我朋友。
)c. The car that you drive is a beautiful one.(你驾驶的那辆车非常漂亮。
)以上是英语定语从句知识点的总结笔记,希望对你有所帮助。
定语从句笔记归纳1
定语从句笔记归纳11.关系代词that指人/物,作主语时不可省,作宾语一般可省which指物,作主语不可省,作宾语一般可省who指人,作主语;口语中有时也作宾语,作宾语一般可省whom指人,做宾语,一般可省whose指人(sb's)/物(sth's)(多指人,指物时可与of which互换),作定语as指人/物,作主语或宾语2.用that而不用which的情况❶先行词既有人又有物❷主句是which或who开头的特殊疑问句e.g.Which of the books that had pictures was worth reading?❸先行词是序数词或最高级(或前面有序数词/最高级修饰时)❹先行词有every,each,no,some,the only,the very,the last,the same修饰❺先行词是all,much,few,little,any,none,the one(共同点:有“唯一”或“全部”的概念,以致不可选择),something,everything,anything,nothing等不定代词或被这些词修饰时e.g.Tell me everything that you know.❻先行词在主句中作表语,且关系代词在从句中也做表语(此时句子一般有类比的含义)e.g.Our school is no longer the place that it used to be.3.用which而不用that的情况❶非限制性定语从句❷关系代词前有介词时一般用which❸先行词为that或thosee.g.What's that which flashed in the sky just now?❹限制性定语从句中,若有两个定语从句,一句用that,另一句宜用whiche.g.Let me show you the novel that I borrowed from the library which was newly open.4.用who而不用that的情况❶先行词为指人的不定代词,如one,ones,anyone,no one,nobody,anybody,none,all❷there be结构中先行词指人❸先行词为people或those❹一个句子中有两个定语从句,且先行词都指人,一个用that,另一个宜用who注:who可以引导非限制性定语从句5.主谓一致❶关系代词在从句中作主语时,从句谓语动词单复数根据先行词而定(如those who are...)❷one of + 限定词 + 名词复数 + 定语从句(谓语动词用复数)e.g.She's one of my best friends that are studying here.❸the only/the very/the right one of + 限定词 + 名词复数 + 定语从句(谓语动词用单数)6.as若用于such... as...,the same... as...等结构中,不可省(先行词被the same修饰时也可用that,但that表示同一事物)e.g.Such books as I have read are classical works.(我所读过的书都是经典著作)e.g.This is the same pen that I lost yesterday.(这正是我昨天丢的那支钢笔(同一个))e.g.This is the same pen as I lost yesterday.(这支钢笔和我昨天丢的那支一样(同一类))若引导非限制性定语从句代替整个主句,该从句可放在主句前、主句后或主句中间(which引导非限制性定语从句修饰整个主句时只能位于主句后,可译为“这一点”)。
高一英语重点语法英语笔记--定语从句
高一英语重点语法英语笔记--定语从句
高一英语重点语法--定语从句
01
定语从句基本概念
在复合句中,修饰名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
引导定语从句的词叫关系词。
被修饰的名词或代词叫先行词。
定语从句一般放在先行词的后面。
02
定语从句的关系词
引导定语从句的关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
常见的关系代词包括that, which, who(宾格whom,所有格whose),as 等。
关系副词包括where, when, why等。
关系代词和关系副词放在先行词及定语
从句之间起连接作用,同时又作定语从句的重要成分。
03
定语从句的分类
根据定语从句与先行词的关系,定语从句可分为限制性定语从句及非限制性定语
从句。
1. 限制性定语从句紧跟先行词,主句与从句不用逗号分开,从句不可省去。
例如:
Any man that / who has a sense of duty won’t do such a thing.
任何有责任感的人都不会做这样的事。
2. 非限制性定语从句主句与从句之间有逗号分开,起补充说明作用,如省去,意
思仍完整。
例如:
The house,which we bought last month,is very nice.
这幢房子很漂亮,是我们上个月买的.
注意:非限定性定语从句中不能使用关系代词 that。
04
关系代词的用法
1. that
that既可以用于指人,也可以用于指物。
在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作
宾语可省略。
例如:。
英语定语从句知识点总结笔记
英语定语从句知识点总结笔记英语定语从句是英语语法中的一个重要概念,用于修饰名词或代词。
以下是关于英语定语从句的知识点总结笔记:1. 定语从句的定义:定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句,它提供额外的信息来描述或限制先行词的意义。
2. 关系词:定语从句中常用的关系词有:that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where等。
3. 关系词的用法:●that: 用来引导限定性定语从句,修饰人或物。
●which: 用来引导非限定性定语从句,修饰事物。
●who/whom: 用来引导限定性或非限定性定语从句,修饰人。
●whose: 用来引导限定性或非限定性定语从句,修饰所有格。
●when: 用来引导时间定语从句。
●where: 用来引导地点定语从句。
4. 关系词的省略:当关系词在从句中作宾语且在从句中有明确的先行词时,关系词可以被省略。
5. 限定性定语从句与非限定性定语从句:●限定性定语从句是对先行词进行必要的限制和修饰,如果去掉定语从句,整个句子的意思会有所改变。
●非限定性定语从句是对先行词进行附加的说明或补充,如果去掉定语从句,整个句子的意思仍然完整。
6. 先行词的位置:定语从句一般紧跟在先行词之后。
7. 关系副词的用法:when, where和why可以引导时间、地点和原因定语从句。
8. 注意点:●在定语从句中,人用who/whom,物用which/that。
●当关系词修饰整个主句时,用which,而不用that。
●在非限定性定语从句中,关系词前要有逗号。
以上是关于英语定语从句的一些基本知识点总结。
掌握这些知识点,可以帮助你正确理解和运用定语从句,使你的英语表达更加准确和流畅。
定语从句笔记汇总
定语从句1.概述:在复合句中修饰某一名词和代词的从句叫定语从句。
被修饰的名词和代词叫先行词,通常位于定语从句之前。
引导定于从句的是关系代词that , which , who(whom,whose )和关系副词when, where, why .关系代词和关系副词位于先行词和定语从句之间,它即起连接作用,又充当从句的一个成分,含定语从句的的复合句基本结构为:先行词+关系词+定语从句。
2.种类:定语从句分限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句,限制性定语从句是句子不可缺少的组成部分,如果没有从句先行词的意义就不明确或不完整,主句也不完整。
非限制性定语从句是主句先行词的补充说明,没有从句不影响主句意思的明确和完整,这种从句用逗号与主句分开,引导非限制性定语从句的关系代词用which ,who ,不用that。
而限制性定语从句的引导词是who , whom ,whose , that ,which , where, when, why 等。
我们这里要讲的是限制性定语从句。
3. 引导词(1)who引导的定语从句:修饰表示人的先行词,在从句中作主语或宾语,作动词宾语时用whom,而且常被省略,在口语中常用who 代替whom。
This is the English teacher who teaches my son . the man who/whom I saw just now is Mr Hu.(2) which 引导的定语从句:修饰表示事物的先行词,在句中充当主语宾语表语。
He is reading a book which is about war . he is reading a book which he bought from London .注意:which与介词搭配使用,介词可放在which之前,若是固定词组一般不可拆开。
The house in which Lu Xun once lived is now is Lu Xun Museum .This is the magazine which you are looking for .(3)that 引导的定语从句:一般情况下,that可以指人或物,可以代替who, whom ,which 在句子中做主语或谓语动词的宾语。
定语从句笔记
定语从句。
之宇文皓月创作一、定语从句及相关术语1、定语从句:修饰一个名词或代词的从句称为定语从句,一般紧跟在它所修饰的先行词后面。
2、关系词:引导定语从句的关联词称为关系词,关系词有关系代词和关系副词。
关系代词有that,which, who, whom, whose等;关系副词有where, when,why等。
3、关系词的作用:1,引导定语从句。
2,代替先行词。
3,在定语从句中担当一个成分。
4、定语从句存在的条件:先行词 + 关系词(有的版本作关联词)+ 从句5、分类:定语从句分为限定性和非限定性从句两种。
二、关系代词引导的定语从句1.who指人,在从句中做主语(1) The boys who are playing football are from Class One.(2) Yesterday I helped an old man who lost his way.2. whom指人,在定语从句中充当宾语,常可省略。
(1) Mr. Liu is the person (whom) you talked about on the bus.(2) Mr. Ling is just the boy whom I want to see.注意:关系代词whom在口语和非正式语体中经常使用who代替,可省略。
(3) The man who/whom you met just now is my friend3. which指物,在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略(1) Football is a game which is liked by most boys.(2) This is the pen (which) he bought yesterday.4. that指人时,相当于who或者whom;指物时,相当于which。
在定语从句中做主语或者宾语,做宾语时可省略。
(1) The number of the people that/who come to visit the city each year rises one million.(2) Where is the man that/whom I saw this morning?5. whose通常指人,也可指物,在定语从句中做定语,体现从句主语和先行词之间的所属关系。
FREE高考英语零基础入门训练笔记13
第十三章定语从句的基本作用什么是定语从句What is an Adjective Clause?形容词:给出人物、事物或地点相关信息的词英语句子:一组词,有完整含义,有主语,有动词从句:由引导词开始的句子,不能脱离主句独立存在定语从句就是一个从句作为形容词,由who, which, that, whom引导定语从句在它要描述的名词、名词短语或代词之后引导词对应定语从句要描述的名词、名词短语或代词定语从句就是形容词从句Tennis has many special terms.网球里有许多术语。
They are used to discuss the game. 这些术语用于描述这项运动。
Tennis has many special terms that are used to discuss the game.网球里有许多用于描述这项运动的术语。
Some people do not know the meaning of these special terms.有些人不知道这些术语的含义。
They are not familiar with tennis.他们不熟悉网球。
Some people who are not familiar with tennis do not know the meaning of these special terms.有些不熟悉网球的人不知道这些术语的含义。
定语从句的构成1、找到两句话的共同名词2、保留主句的名词,去掉从句的名词3、使用引导词把从句安在主句名词的后面4、引导词的基本原则:人使用that/who/whom,物使用that/which Joe met a man. The man is very famous.主句从句Joe met a man. is very famous.Joe met a man that is very famous.乔遇到了一个人。
定语从句 笔记整理
定语从句授课人:Prof. WoodenPart 1 定语从句定义及概述什么是定语从句?(1)定语从句:在复合句中作定语修饰主句中某一名词或代词的从句叫定语从句。
(2)先行词:被定语从句修饰的词,叫做先行词。
(3)关系词:分为关系代词和关系副词,在从句中担当一定成分。
Eg.I will never forget the girl(先行词)that(关系词)I met yesterday in the street(定语从句).※定语从句两个必须★先行词在从句中必须作一个成分;★先行词所作的成分必须空缺。
Part 2 关系代词引导的定语从句1. 关系代词that的用法用法:既可指人也可指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时常可省略。
1)This is the factory that produces cars.(作主语,指物)2)The girl that spoke to me just now is my classmate. (作主语,指人)3)The film (that) we saw yesterday is interesting. (作宾语,指物)※关系代词that的特权和禁区1. 特权:行使特权的条件:(2)介词没有提前。
2. 禁区:有两种情况下,关系代词不会用that,指物时用which;指人时用who/whom。
(1)非限定性定于从句(即从句前有逗号);(2)介词提前时。
2.关系代词which的用法用法:指物,在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,作宾语时常可省略。
1)China is a country which has a long history.(作主语)2)The car (which) my uncle had just bought was destroyed in the earthquake. (作宾语)※只用that 不用which的情况:(1)先行词是最高级或被最高级修饰。
高三定语从句知识点笔记
1.当定语从句中的主语与先行词相同时,可以将关系代词who/which/that省略。
-正:The boy who is playing basketball is my brother.
→ The boy playing basketball is my brother.
2.当定语从句中的关ห้องสมุดไป่ตู้代词在从句中作宾语时,可以将关系代词who/which/that省略。
以上就是关于高三定语从句的一些知识点的笔记,希望对你有所帮助。祝你考试顺利!
-正:The book which/that I am reading is very interesting.
→ The book I am reading is very interesting.
六、定语从句和定语从句修饰的名词之间的关系
1.先行词和定语从句的关系可以是主动关系、被动关系、所属关系等。
4. whose:
-可以用来修饰人或物,表示所属关系。
-一般用来引导定语从句,修饰名词。
三、定语从句的引导词选择
1.先行词是人时,使用who或that。
-正:The girl who is singing is my friend.
-正:The girl that is singing is my friend.
-错:The girl which is singing is my friend.
2.先行词是物时,使用which或that。
-正:The book which/that is on the table is mine.
-错:The book who/whom is on the table is mine.
定语从句笔记整理
定语从句是英语中一种重要的句型,它用来修饰名词或代词,通常放在被修饰的词后面。
下面是定语从句的笔记整理:1. 定义定语从句是一个包含主语和谓语的句子,用来修饰一个名词或代词,从而限定其范围或补充说明其特征。
例如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting.(我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
)2. 引导词定语从句通常由关系代词或关系副词引导,包括that, which, who, whom, whose, when, where等。
例如:The girl who is wearing a red dress is my sister.(穿着红色裙子的女孩是我妹妹。
)3. 关系代词的使用关系代词在定语从句中作主语、宾语或表语,根据其在从句中所起的作用来选择使用。
例如:The man who is standing there is my father.(站在那里的男人是我的父亲。
)4. 关系副词的使用关系副词在定语从句中作状语,表示时间、地点或原因等。
常用的关系副词有when, where, why等。
例如:This is the house where I was born.(这是我出生的房子。
)5. 限制性定语从句和非限制性定语从句限制性定语从句是对先行词进行限定和说明的从句,如果去掉该从句,原句的意思就会不完整或不清楚。
非限制性定语从句则是对先行词进行补充说明的从句,如果去掉该从句,原句的意思仍然清楚。
例如:My brother, who is a doctor, lives in New York.(我的兄弟是一名医生,他住在纽约。
)(限制性定语从句)My brother lives in New York, where he works as a doctor.(我的兄弟住在纽约,在那里他当一名医生。
)(非限制性定语从句)。
英语定语从句知识点笔记
英语定语从句知识点笔记英语中,定语从句是用来修饰名词或代词的从句。
在定语从句中,有一个引导词,一般是关系代词(who, whom, whose, that, which)或关系副词(when, where, why)。
1.关系代词的用法:a.who用来指人,作主语或宾语,代替先行词为人的名词。
b.whom用来指人,作宾语,代替先行词为人的名词。
c.whose用来指人或物,表示所属关系,通常用来修饰物或人的名词。
d.that用来指人或物,作主语或宾语,代替先行词为人或物的名词。
e.which用来指物,作主语或宾语,代替先行词为物的名词。
2.关系副词的用法:a.when用来指时间,在定语从句中作时间状语。
b.where用来指地点,在定语从句中作地点状语。
c.why用来指原因,在定语从句中作原因状语。
3.定语从句的基本结构:定语从句的基本结构是先行词+关系词+从句。
例如:The book that I bought yesterday is very interesting. (我昨天买的那本书非常有趣。
)My sister, who is a doctor, lives in London. (我的姐姐是一名医生,住在伦敦。
)4.定语从句的位置:定语从句可以放在先行词的前面或后面,但是要注意先行词和定语从句之间的语法关系。
例如:The girl who is standing over there is my sister. (站在那边的女孩是我的妹妹。
)The house, which was built in 1900, has a lot of history. (那座建于1900年的房子有很多历史。
)5.定语从句的省略:如果定语从句中的主语和先行词中的主语相同,那么在定语从句中可以省略关系代词。
例如:The boy (who) I met yesterday is very nice. (我昨天遇到的那个男孩非常好。
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定语从句
1、定义:定语从句(Attributive Clauses)在句中做定语,修饰一个名词或代词,有时也可以修饰部分或整个句子。
被修饰的名词,词组或代词即先行词。
定语从句通常出现在先行词之后,由关系词(关系代词或关系副词)引出。
Eg: That is the village where I was born.
The boy whose hair is brown is my brother
1、先行词:被修饰的名词、词组或代词,就叫先行词。
2、关系代词:who, whom, whose, that, which, as。
whose用来指人或物,意为“……的”(只用作定语,若指物,它还可以同of which互换),例如:
Please pass me the book whose (of which) cover is green.
3、关系副词:when, where, why, how。
.
先行词又有人又有物时,就用that
7、不用that的情况:
1) 在引导非限定性定语从句时
2) 介词后不能用We depend on the land from which we get our food.
8、多用who 的情况
①关系代词在从句中做主语 A friend who helps you in time of need is a real friend.
②先行词为those, people 时Those who were either fools or unfit for their offices could not see the cloth.
③先行词为all, anyone, ones, one 指人时One who doesn't work hard will never succeed in his work.
④在There be句型中There is a stranger who wants to see you.
⑤在被分隔的定语从句中 A new teacher will come tomorrow who will teach you German.
⑥在有两个定语从句的句子中,其一用who,其二用that,但若先行词后接两个以上的并列定语从句时,后一个必须重复前一个关系代词。
The student who was praised at the meeting is the monitor that is very modest and studies very hard.
9、只能用that作为定语从句的关系代词的情况
1)在不定代词,如:anything, nothing, everything, all, much, few, any, little等作先行词指物时,只用that。
All that is needed is a supply of oil.
Finally, the thief handed everything that he had stolen to the police.
2)先行词有the only, the very, the just修饰时,只用that。
He is the very man that helped the girl out of the water.
3)先行词为序数词(the last)、数词、形容词最高级时,只用that。
The first English book that I read was "The Prince and the Pauper" by Mark Twin.
4)先行词既有人,又有物时。
He talked about the teachers and schools that he visited.
5)当主句是以who 或which 开始的特殊疑问句时,用that 以避免重复。
Who is the person that is standing at the gate.
6)关系代词在从句中做表语
He is not the man that he used to be.
10 、关系副词引导的定语从句
1)关系副词可代替的先行词是时间、地点、方式或理由的名词,在从句中作状语。
2)介词+ which"结构。
关系副词when, where, why, how的含义相当于"介词+ which"结构,因此常常和"介词+ which"结构交替使用,例如:
There are occasions when (on which) one must yield.
Beijing is the place where (in which) I was born.
Is this the reason why (for which) he refused our offer?
I'm surprised the way how (by which) he works out the problem.
注意:
①在非限制性定语从句中,"介词+ which"结构不能代替关系副词。
如:They set up a state for their own , where they would be free to keep Negroes as slaves.
②含有介词短语的动词一般不能拆开,介词仍放在动词后面。
Is this the book which (that) she was looking for?。